LIBRARY
OF THE
MASSACHUSETTS
AGRICULTURAL
COLLEGE
No.„^.aaS___.- DATE..1:.LSM.
souRCE_ha.-B__MM:adejr.
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December 29, 1883.]
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
^ OTecfelg Cllustratetr foiirnal
OF
Horticulture and Allied Subjects.
(ESTABLISHED IN 18 4 1.)
VOL. XX.-NEW SERIES.
JULY TO DECEMBER, i883.
LONDON:
41, WELLINGTON STEEET, COVENT GAEDEN, W.C.
1883.
Pev
LONDON :
BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS.
The Gardcnet-s' Chronicle,
[December 29, 1883.
JULY TO DECEMBER, 1883.
Abies nigra, 20
Abrus precatorius, 503
Abutilon, a new double, 725
AbiUilons, Iiybrid, .170
Acacia dealbata, 437
Acantlionientlia illcifolia, 47
Acanthus niontanus, 791
Acer circinatuni, 370 ; A, insigno, 41 ; A.
Volxeniii, as an avenue irec, ^;^S
Acroclinium album floie-pleno, 211 ; A.
roseuni, 145
Acrostichum magnum, 135
Actinomykosis, 145
Adianlum cuneatum, 408 ; A. cuneatum
deflexum, 716 ; A. cuneatum strictum,
526 ; A. Farleyense, 696 ; Weigandi,
,748
ylichmea Barleei, 102
/Esculus sinensis, 444
derides, a new. 307 ; sold at Stevens'
Rooms, 368
/Erides Lawrenceice, 460 ; .-E, vandarum,
722
Agave americana, flowering at Oxford, 294
Agaves flowering at La Mortola, 54
Ageratum Tom Thumb, 379
Agricultural botany, 471 ; education, 338 ;
statistics, 783
Agriculture, the improvement of, 568
Algerian forests, 219
Allamanda Henderson! as a creeper, 178
Allium acuminatum, 40 ; MacLeanii, 568
Almonds fiuiling in London, 82
Aloe pratensis, 568
Alpine plants, 171, 532, 622 ; Mr.
Meyer's collection of, at Champel, 119
Alstnmieri.is, 21
Ahlixinieria aurea, 84
Amaryllis Belladona, 376, 428 ; A.crocata,
697
Amaryllis and Eucharis, disease in, 566
Amaryllis, seedling, 632
AmarylUdaceev, Herbert's, 86
Amber, the origin of, 147
America, ensihige in, 74 ; forest conser-
vation in, 656
American blight, remedy for, 114
American notes, 496
Amianthium musc^etoxicum, 41
Amorphas, the. 730
Ampelopsis Veitchii, 569, G64, 793
Anx'ctochilus Lowii, 752
Anagallis coUina var. alba, 624 ; A. gran-
difiora alb.i, 52
Andes, vegetation of the, 236, 274, 300
Andromeda floribunda, 150 ; A speciosa
pulverulenta, 194
Androsace foliosa, 624 ; A. lanuginosa,
495
Anemone japonica, 338 ; A. j. Honorine
jobert, 40S
Anemones, garden, 472 ; as summer
flowers, 819
Angelonia grandifolia, 371
Angrrecum modeslum, 41 ; A. Scottia-
r.um, 624
Anguloa Ruckeri ictusa, 135
Anigozantlios rufa, 178
Annuals, notes on, 214
Antliericum liliastrum, 17
Anthuria hybrid, 758
Anthurium ferriercnse, 624 ; A.Veilchii, 19
Anticlea Frcmonti, 697
Ants and plants, the social life of, 71
Aphelandra fascinator, 694
Ai'iARY : — Drumming of bees, the, 44. 76 ;
the right of properly in a roving swarm
of bees, 27 (see Bees)
Apple, American Mother, 308 ; Ameri-
can Summering. 821 ; Hnrlh<5Iemy du
Moriier, 720 ; Court Pendu Plat. 405 ;
Frogmore Prolific, 243 ; the Hallingbury
Pippin, 624; the Herefordshire Beefing,
495 ; I-ane's Prince Albert, 408, 430 ;
Live's Imperial, 624, 720 ; Sabarot and
Etienne Pioux, 243 ; the Washington,
47 ; Winter Hawthornden, 537 ; Win-
ter Peach, 537 ; Yorksliire Beauty, 495
Apple, abnormal development of an, 113
Apple bias, 632
Apple culture at Bodnant Hall, 505
Apple Orchards, on priming, 821
Appledom, an alphabet of, 523
Apples and Pears, 503
Apples, certificated, 624 ; cooking, 507 ;
dessert, 50S ; foreign, 50S ; free bear-
ing, 206 ; high coloured, 507 ; keeping.
495. 536; Kentish. S34 : new, 508;
notes on, 6 ; on the Paradise stock.
567 ; packing imported, 536 ; triplet,
564 ; well-shaped. 507
Apples and the Apple show, 602
Apple show at Chiswick, the, 272, 33'5, 368,
375. 400, 407. 432, 442, 473, 474, 500,
507. 533
Apple show reflections, 526
Apple show, a proposed second in March,
570, 6o2. 633
Apple trees, too deeply planted. 505
Aquatic plants of Switzerland, the, 231
Aquilegia Skinneri, 180
Arboretum, the, 730
Arctotis leptorhiza, 275
Argemone hispida, 307
Arizona, Cereus giganteus in, 264
Aristolochia labiosa, 428
Armeria cephalotes var. bracteata, 213
Arnica montana, 12
Artists' models, trees as, 491
Arundo conspicua, 438
Ashby Lodge, new boiliies at, 753
Asteriscus maritimu'?, 84
Asparagus, on bundling, 180
Aspidistra lurida variegata. 793
Asplenium adiantum nigrum variegalimi,
663
Aster amellus, 559 ; A. diplostephioides,
141, 624 ; A. hispidiis. 697 ; A. laivis,
472
Asters, in pots, 272 ; notes on some, 463
Asters, perennial, 342, 502
Astilbe rubra, 340
Astragalus alopecuroides, 40
Athyria, proliferous, 7S3
Auriculas, the Slough, 662 ; a Lancashire
collection of, 796
Australia, the tertiary flora of, 115 ; the
vegetation of, 390
Australian trees and shrubs, the seed-
vessels of, 464. 638
Autumn flowers, 631, 634 ; tints, 566
Azara integrifolia, 818
Azolla pinnata, 307, 791
B
Bamboos. 429 ; notes on, 618
Bark Holiday excursion, a, 360, 391
B.irron, Mr. A. F. , present^ilion (o, 500
Beaufort Nurseries, Swansea, 559
Bedding, mixed, 343
Bee-keeping in India, 342
Bee plants, 306
Bees and blue flowers, 538, 570, 593 ; and
Monkshood, 181, 213, 299 ; the drum-
ming of, 44, 76 ; the right of property
in a roving swaim of, 27
Begonia Hookeriana, 697 ; B. olbia, 600,
720 ; B. picta, 567 ; B. sparsifolia, 697 ;
B. Thomas Moore, 568
Begonias, tuberous, 213, 338, 470, 532,
569 ; on rockwotk, 146 ; at Sianstead
Park, 39, 104
Begonia tubers, the treatment of, 697
Belgian garden, plan of a, 589
Belgian liorliculiurists, honours to, 564
Belgrade, Primes in, 7c,o
Belladonna Lilits. 440, 604
Bengal, Cinchona in, 370
Benthamia fragifera, 632
Benyon, the Rev. E. R., death of, 51
Benzoin, 596
Beveridge, Mr. James, presentation to, 630
Bilbergia thyrsoidea splendida, 121 ; B,
Windii x, 791
Birds and Pears, 470, 538, 569
Birmingham Botanic Garden, hardy
plants in the, 51 ; Nepenthes and
Orchids in the, 82
BlandfordiaCunninghami splendens, 600
Bloomeria aurea and Brodi^ea ixiudes, la
Bog plants, 116
Boltoniaindica, 375 ; and Aster j^ponicus,
505
Boltonias, notes on, 603, 633
Bonmrea Kalbreyeri, 697 ; B. patacoen-
sis, 41
Bombax pentandrum, 472
Bonapartea stricta, 696
BooivS Noticed : — Allen's Flowers and
their Pedigrees, 692 : Bagneris' Ele-
ments of Sylviculture, 570 ; Baillon's
Traits de Botanique M^dicale, 46 ;
Boswell's English Botany, or Coloured
Figures of British Plants. 25 ; Braith-
waite's British Moss Flora, 268 ;
Brown's Finland, its Forests and
Forest Management, 570; Brown's The
Forests of England, and the Manage-
ment of them in bygone times, 570 ;
Brown's French Forest Ordinance of
1669, 570 ; Bulbs and Bulb Culture,
594 ; Bund's The Law of Compensa-
tion for Unexhausted Improvements,
626 ; Burton's My Home Farm, 87 ;
Chambers' Handbook Dictionary, 25 ;
Charteris' Students' Guide to_ the
Practice of Medicine, 25 ; Cooke's Il-
lustrations of British Fungi, 371 ; Cur-
tis's Farm Insects, 660 ; l3e Candolle's
Monographire Phanerogamarum, 722 ;
Eichlerand Garcke's Year Book of the
Berlin Botanic Garden, 46; Encyclo-
paedia Americana, 660, 754 ; Hardy
Perennials, 594 ; Hunter's The Woods,
Forests and Estates of Perthshire, 657 ;
James' Guesses at Purpose in Nature,
with special reference to Plants, 594 ;
Kohler's Medlzinische Pflanzen, 87 ;
Lawson's Pinetum Britannicum, 594 ;
Masters' Plant Life. 119 ; Michie's The
Larch : a Practical Treatise on its Cul-
ture and General Management, 570 ;
Miiller's the Fertilisation of I''lowers,
372 ; James Nasmytli, Engineer. 268 ;
Paxton's Flower Garden. 5',q ; Pear-
son's The Agricultural Holdings Act,
626 ; Pierre, Forest Flora ot Cocliin
China, 758 ; Pinetum Britannicum, 471,
758 ; Planchon's Eatable and Poison-
ous Mushrooms, 752 ; Roberts' The
Tomato, 373 ; Tonks' General Index
to the Botjuical Magazine, i iS ;
Potato Culture (Cassell's), 686 ;
Watson's Topographical Botany, 174 ;
Wawra's The Botanical Results of the
Travels of the Princes of Saxe-Coburg
Goiha, 174 ; Weir's Every Day iu the
Country, 814; Wood's Hardy Peren-
nials and Old-fashioned Flowers. 2:5 ;
Wright's Mushrooms fur the Million,
530
Borough of Hackney Chrysanthemum
Society, ^98, 727
Boitiuical Alagazine, a general index to
the, 118, 149
Botanical Institute of Liege, 694
Botanic Gardens, 638 ; Calcutta, 626 ;
Cape Town, 333 ; Ceylon, 43 ; Conti-
nental, 2^0 : Geneva, 240 ; Glasncvin,
389, 619 ; Natal, 334
Botanic stand, the, 541
Botanical meeting at Manchester, 6
Botany, agricultural, 471 ; systematic,
539 ; systematic, in Germany, 500
Bothies, new, at Ashby Lodge, 753
Boussingaultia basselloides, 495
Bouvardia propagation, 54 ; by root cut-
tings, 793
Bouvardia strigosa, 595
Boxwood, 702
Boxes for sending plants by post, 85, 821
Box Hill, wild plants on, -jo
Bracken Fern, the, 86, 117
Bravoa geminiflora, 182
Brazil, vegetation of, 114
Bread, native, of Jamaica, 408
Brecon flora of, 242
British Orchids and their cultivation, u.y£
British Honduras, notes from. 76
Bristol district, th-i- wild plants of the,
200
Brocklmr:=t, Didsbury, Mr. Brockbiink's
garden at, 77
Brockhurst notes, 307, 393, 460
Brodiosa ixioides and blobmeria aurea,
12
Bromeliad, a hybrid, 791
Broomeia congregata, 373
Buckinghamshire garden, notes from a,
8, 167, 295, 493
Bulb crop of 1883, the, 336
Bulb, a transfixed, 496
Bulbs, spring, for a cool greenhouse, 362,
394. 430
Bulgaria, plants of, 243
Bulls, ^I^., nursery, 534
Bunyard's nursery, Maidstone, 427
Burlingtonia decora picta, 722
Bush fruit, the protection of, 149
Buttonholes, Roses for, 492
Byturus lomentosus, 752
Cabbage, Chou de Burghley, 532, 539,
569, 603, 633, 666, 696, 728 ; Chou
de Gilbert, 569 ; Waite's New Early,
566
Cabbage variations, 697
Cacalia coccinea, 276
Caccinia glauca, 173
Cactus notes, 53
Caladium, the, 116
Calanthe anchorifera, 166 ; C. Regnieri,
563 ; veratrifolia, 722
Calamus Lindeni, 667
Calceolaria amplexicaulis, 367 ; C. Kcliy-
ana, 12 ; herbaceous, 86 ; notes on,
87
Calcutta Botanic Garden, 626 ; street
planting in, 107
Calendula sicula, 667
Calliphruria subedentata, 694
Callirhoe papaver, 275
Cambridge Botanic Garden, hardy flowers
in the, 502
Camellia, a late flowering, 20
Camellia Eugenie Massina, 568 ; C.
Floydi, 20 ; C. Popf, 569
CameUias of irregular form, 569
Campanula Bononiensis, 12 ; C. carp.n-
tica and var. alba, 140 ; C. glomeraia
alba, 40 ; C. grandiflora pumila, 309 ;
C. hederacea, 472 ; C. Hendersoui,
75 ; C. Hosti, 140 ; C. Jacobasa, 121 ;
C. isophylla, 30^ ; C. niacrantha, 40 ;
C. Portenschlagiana, 84 ; C. pulla, tl4 ;
C. Raineri. 84; C. rapunculus, 217;
C. rotundifoha var., 218 ; C. The
Harebell. 75 ; C. Tomasini, 212 ; C.
turbinata, 40, 217 ; C. turbinata and
carpatica, 154 ; C. urticasfolia flore-
pleno, 116 ; C. Van Houttei x , 40, 304,
473
Campanulas, hy.bndismg, 180, 276, 297 ;
Mr. Brockbank's notes on, 74, 167
Canadian notes, 151
Candytuft, Biddies new white Rocket,
210
Candytufts, notes on, 198
Canned fruit trade in San Francisco. 50
Caoutchouc, gathering, in Central Amer-
ic3. 375
Cape Town Botanic Garden, 333
IV
The Gardeners' Chronicle,]
INDEX.
Caraguata Fiirstenbergiana, 121 ; C. san-
guinea, 600, 716, 760
Carbolic acid and leaf fungiis, 496
Carex ligerica, 781
Carnations and Picotees, S46, 278 ;
Messrs. Veitch's, 73 ; new varieties of,
274. S39 ! ^"'^ Pansies at Pilrig Park,
505
Carnations, a new race of winter flower-
ing, 630
Carnation and Picotee show, 148 ; new
varieties of, raised by Mr. Dodwell, 118
Carnations, border, 146 ; German fancy,
176
Carnation Louisa Ashburton, 505 ; C.
Mary Morris, 146 ; C. Miss Joliffe, 66«
Carnation show at Slough, 153
Carnivorous plants, 818
Carrot, spiral growth of, 728
Carter & Co.'s nursery, 663
Caryopteris Mastacanthus, 428
Cassia marilandica, 341
Cattleya aurea, 366 ; C. Brymeriana,
492 ; C. calumniata, 786 ; C. Eldo-
rado splendens, 275 ; C. E. ornata,
526 ; C, gigas, 404 ; C. gigas Sander-
iana, 404 ; C. labiata, 372 ; C. labiata
(autumn flowering), 722 ; C. Leopoldii,
142 ; Mossise vars., 372 ; C. Schro-
deriana, 102 ; C. Skinneri alba, 667 ;
C. superba splendens, 78, 142 ; C.
superba, 722 ; C. Trianoe var. formosa,
498 ; C. triophthalma, 526 ; C. War-
neri, 372 ; C. Whitei, 722
Cattleyas and Lselias, 530
Cattleyas from Mr, Percivall, 80
Cattleyas, large flowered, 372, 404
Ceanothus Marie Simon, 495
Cedars in Scotland, 148
Cedars, the, Harrow Weald, 264
Celosia pyramidalis, 504
Central America, the climate of, 558, 599
Centropogon Lucyanus, 821
Cephalonia, the vegetation of, 216
Cephaelis tomentosa, 41
Cereus giganteus in Arizona, 264
Cestrum nocturnum, 604, 757
Ceylon Botanic Gardens, 43
Chad Valley Nursery, indoor plants at
the, 82
Chamberlain's. Mr., Orchids, 14
Chameleum luteum, 667
Charpentier, Mr., death of, 112
Chateau de Gonville, the, 199
Chatsworth, the French Garden at, 176
Cherries, notes on, 47 ; at Richmond, 18 ;
on walls looking north, 820
Chester, burglaries at, 307
Cheshunt Nurseries, the, 426
Chien-dent, 790
China, Sandal-wood in, 146
Chinese Gesnerads, 16
Chiswick as it is, 423 ; Verbenas at, 375 ;
notes from, 16
Chlorophytum Bowkeri, 697
Choisya ternata, 818
Chou de Burghley, 532, 539, 569, 603,
633, 666, 696, 728 ; de Gilbert, 569
Christmas flowers, 779
Christmas Rose, the great, 527 ; the true,
591, 604, 686
Chrysanthemum atratum, 217 ; C. Anto-
nius, 733 ; C. (Jap. ) Boule d'Or, 695 ; C.
coronarium, 375 ; C. corymbosum, 200 ;
C. Golden Dragon, 820; C. Madame
Desgrange, 604 ; C. LadySelborne, 569 ;
C. segetum, 81, 116, 149; C. Triomphe
de la Rue de ChS.telets. 728, 696
Chrysanthemum propagation, 663
Chrysanthemum prospects, 555
Chrysanthemum shows, the, 566, 635,
604 ; notes from the, 796
Chrysanthemum show schedules, 727
Chrysanthemum Society, a proposed Na-
tional. 343. 377. 408. 598
Chrysanthemums at Messrs. C. Lee &
Son's, 633 ; annual, 342
Chrysanthemums at Worksop Manor,
633
Chrysanthemums, cut, 603 ; early flower-
ing, 504. 665
Chrysanthemums, notes on, 278 «
Chrysanthemums, single, 729 ; summer-
flowering, 339 ; notes on new varieties
of, 63s
Cienkowskia Kirkii, 83, 624
Cinchonas dying out in Ceylon, 701
Cinchona in Bengal, 370
Cinchona plantation at Gordon Town, 76
Cineraria alchemilloides, 697
Cinerarias, notes on, 87
Cistus crispus, 494
Clematis Jackmanni, 210; C, Jackmanni
alba, 113 ; C. viorna coccinea, 146
Clerodendron fcetidum, 262 ; C. fragrans,
180 ; C. macrosiphon, 41, 147 ; C. tri-
chotomum, 42S
Clianthus Dampieri, 303
Clovenfords, Grape growing at, 86
Clover, red, on the fertilisation of, 623
Coccocypselum discolor, 306
Coelogyne barbata, 65S ; C. prtEcox
tenera, 294
Coelogyne saJmonicolor, 328
Cochin China, the forest flora of, 758
Cochineal culture in Teneriffe, 66a
Cochliostema Jacobianum, 567
Coffee, a substitute for, 758
Coffee-leaf disease, 470
Colchicum maximum. 408
Cole, Mr. G., presentation to, 566
CoUetia horrida, 504
Colonial notes. 21, 333, 430, 527, 561, 730
Colutea arborescens, 115
Committee, the Scientific, of the Royal
Horticultural Society ; subjects brought
before the :— ^cidium, 54 ; Anthurium
Andreanum, 635 ; Cephalotaxus For-
tunei, 634, 765 ; Cereus giganteus, 54 ;
Convolvulus tricolor, 634 ; Ear-cockle
of Wheat, 635 ; ergot, 765 ; insect egg-
cases, 634 ; Mr. Jensen and the Potato
disease, 634, 765 ; Lilies, coloured, 54 ;
Narcissus viridiflorus, 634 ; Orchids in
the open air, 635 ; packing for bulbs,
635 ; Picea pungens. 765 ; plants ex-
hibited, 54 ; Plum root, hypertrophy of,
765 ; Rhododendron Maddeni, 54; sea-
son and insects, the, 54 ; sclerotia of
the so-called Potato disease. 634
Committees of the Royal Horticultural
Society, the, 818
Comparettia falcata. on the geographical
distribution of, 24
Composts, 263
Conifers, appearances connected with the
growth of. 48 ; diseased, 504 ; harvest-
ing the cones and seeds of, 371
Coniferous trees, weight of the seeds of, 38
Conna Hill, the gardens at, 504
Conservatories, arrangement of plants in,
496
Continental botanic gardens, 240
Convolvulus chrysorhizus, 601 ; C, minor,
437 ; C. Scammonia, 172
Coprosma lucida, 630
Corazon, ascent of the Volcano of. 244
Coreopsis lanceolata, 172 ; C. prseco-x,
217
Corisande's garden, 145
Cork Oak, growth of the, in New Zea-
land, 147
Corn Exchange Rose show, the, ig
Cornucopia, the, 408
Cornus sibirica, 791
Coronilla emeroides, 340
Corsican Pine, the, 764
Coryanthes maculata var. punctata, 303
Corry, Mr. T. H., death of, 202
Corjmocarpus laevigatus, 396
Cosbsea coccinea, 210 [178
Costa Rica, new vegetable products in,
Cotoneaster congesta, 502
Cotton-seed oil, 76
Cotyledon edulis, 172
Covent Garden cricketers, 336
Covent Garden lifeboat, the, 630
Covent Garden Market, 112, 402, 598
Cranberries, 214
Crassula rubicunda, 697
Crataegus pyracantha, 534 ; C. nigra,
444
Cress, Australian and American, 180
Crewe, Rev. H. Harpur, death of, 347,
69s
Crinum Hildebrandtii, 600 ; C, zeylani-
cum var. reductum, 618
Crocus speciosus and Colchicum speci-
osum, 472 ; C. speciosus, 428 ; C. val-
licola, 370
Croton Van Oosterzeei, 752
Guerdon Hall, Lancashire, 362
Cupressus macrocarpa, 603, 633, 665, 697
Currants, low price of, 176
Curtis' Botanical Magazine, a general
inde.x to, 149
Cycad, a new Indian, 556 ; Cycad, a new
Mexican, 371
Cycad cone, a large, 403
Cycas Beddomei, 556 ; C. revoluta, 370
Cyclamen persicum, Mrs. Henry Little,
726
Cyclamens, a feast of, 631 ; at Messrs.
Sutton's, 539
Cyperus alternifoHus, 818
Cyphomanda betacea, 725
Cypripedium barbatum var., 568 ; C.
caudatum, 722 ; C. ciliolare, 46 ; C.
Curtissi, 8 ; C. raacropterum, 294 ; C.
Lawrenceanum, 142 ; C. longifolium,
722 ; C. macranthum, 46 ; C. melan-
ophthalmum, 752 ; C. Robbeleni, 684 ;
C. spectabiie, 46 ; C. tessellatura por-
phyreum, 492 ; C. tonsum, 262
Cypripedium culture, 78
Cypripediums, monstrous, 72
Cypripedium hybrids, notes on, 754
Cyrtandra pendula, 70
Cyrtopera squalida, 722
Cytisus Adami, 818
Dabeocia polifolia, 341
Dahlias, bedding, 377, 473 ; novelty in,
538 ; in October, 468 ; single, 297. 328,
343, 428, 502 ; at South Kensington,
208, ; single, at South Kensington,
268 ; double, at South Kensington,
328 ; sportiveness in, 306 [310
Dahlia Show, the Grand National, 240,
Dale, Samuel, 50
Dammara australis, 525
Darlingtonia californica, 114, 440, 504
Darwin's last words, 402 ; a tablet erected
to the memory of, 818
Dasylirion glaucum, 210 ; D. glaucophyl-
lum, 82
Davallia Mariesii in grotesque forms, 460 ;
D. platyphylla, 792
Delphinium nudicaule, 502
Dendrobium cariniferum var. Wattii,
S30 ; D. ciliatum breve. 328 ; D.
Dearei, 14. 78 ; D. Draconis, 303 ; D.
Farmer! aureum, 303 ; D. Leech-
ianum, 568 ; D. lineari folium, 618 ; D.
polycarpum, 492 ; D. revolutum, 568
Dendrobiums in vineries, 408
Dendrometer, Kay's, 702
Denny, Dr., the late, 534
Desmodium penduhflorum zz Lespedeza
bicolor, 748
Dianthus superbus, 140
Dick, Mr. |. D.. presentation to, 598
Dickson, Prof. A., on Nepenthes pitchers,
812
Dictamnus Fraxinella, 21
Didymoplexis pallens, no
Digraphis arundinacea, 176
Dimorphanthus mandshuricus, 630
Dionsea Muscipula, 72
Dioon spinulosum, 371, 624
Diotis candidissima, 232
Dipladenia profusa, 568
Disease of Lettuces, 600
Distinctness, what is, 503
Ditton Park, the Peach-wall at, 146, 684
Dobson, Mr. T., presentation to, 471
Dodwell, Mr. E. S., portrait of, 117
Dogmersfield Park, 463
Doronicum hybridura. 154 ; D. plantagi-
neum var. excelsum, 230, 297
Double grafting, 664
Dracasna latifolia, 697 ; D. Smithii, 597
Dracocephalum austriacum, 50
Drayton Beauchamp, a pilgrimage to, 695
Drought effects, 304
Dry weather flowers, 278
Duraortier, 694
Dundee Horticultural Society, 500
Dutch garden, plan of a, 269
Duvalia angustiloba, 230
EcHiNOPS ruthenica, 210
Echinospermum marginatum var. mac-
ranthum, 568
Eckford's new Sweet Peas, 264
Edging tiles, artificial. 445
Edible fungi, 135
Edinburgh notes, 462, 666
Education, horticultiu^l, 370
Elasocarpus cyaneus, 624
Elche, the Palm forest at, 16
Elwanger, Mr. H. B., death of, 274
Embelia Kraussii, 697
E7icyclop(sdia Americana, 51
Ensilage in America, 74
Ensilage, a mould on, 781
Entomological notes, 82
Epidendrum Brassavolas, 206 ; E. iono-
centrum, 8, 658 ; E. pseudepidendrum,
658
Epidendrum, list of the cultivated species
of, 42, 152, 204, 244, 477, 573, 606, 634
Epipactis rubiginosa, 84
Epiphyllum truncatum, 655, 794
Epping Forest, 332
Equisetum giganteum, 237
Eranthemum borneense, 121
Erica Cavendishiana, 596
Erigeron mucronatum, 472
Eritrichium strictum, 172 [40
Erodium macradenium, 40 ; E. Reichardi,
Eryngium Bourgati, 115
Erythrochiton hypophyllanthus, 726
Escallonia Phillippiana, 444
Eschscholtzia Rose Cardinal, 151
Essex Field Club, 273 [618
Eucaljrptus in Malaga, 242 ; in Spain,
Eucalyptus, seed-vessels of, 464
Eucharis amazonica, on the culture of,
395, 408, 632
Eucharis, the flowering of, 378
Eucomis bicolor, 7S6 ; E. punctata, 503
Eugenia apiculata, 726
Euonymus sports, 793, 818
Euphorbia canariensis, 628
Euryale ferox, 275
Events of the year, 816
Everlasting Peas, 117
Exhibition prospects, 566
Fairy flowers, 818 ; rings, 283
Falconer. Mr. W., 630
Fawke's improved wall tree cover, 300
Fences, slate, 364
Fenham Nurseries, the, 589
Fenland, the, 165
Fernery, a natural, in New Zealand, 151 ;
a novel, at Benwell, 697
Ferns, North American. 178 ; Japanese,
in grotesque forms, 460 ; of Socotra,
178 ; tree, at the Birmingham Botanic
Garden, 51 ; raising plants from spores,
819
Ferriby Brook Nursery, 654
Ferri^res, the gardens at, 392
Fig, Brown Turkey, at Penrhyn Castle,
405
Figs, why they cast their fruit, 22 ; seed-
ling, 86
Findlay, Mr. Bruce, 662
Fire at Stourbridge, 694
Fir trees, grafted, 148
Fixtures, the law of. 309 ; tenants', 632,
665, 696, 730. 760
Fleming, Mr. John, death of, 700
Floore House, Weedon, 330
Flora of Brecon, 242 ; of British India,
50 ; of Socotra, the, 719
Floral decorations, 172
Floral fireplaces, loi
Florida, Orange trees in, 564 ; tree
growth in, 575
Florists' flowers : seasonable notes, 302,
429, 509, 606, 701, 763
Flower-bed, a mixed, 569
Flowering, premature, 566, 598, 628
Flower market for the Thames Embank*
ment, 592
Flower shows, successful, 208, B44 ; trade
groups at, 80 ; on exhibiting wild
flowers at, 208, 230
Flower vases, illustrations of some new
560
Flowers and their pedigrees, 692 ; autumn,
631 ; blue, bees and, 538, 570, 593 ; for
cutting,44o ; dry weather, 278; fairy, 818;
fertilisation of, by snails and slugs, 266;
hardy at Grasmere, 7 ; for Christmas,
779 ; for harvest festivals, 470 ; how
they are modified, 395 ; insect visits
to, 263 ; summer in November, 663 ;
wild, on double, 20 ; wild, at horticul-
tural exhibitions, 149, 245
Footpath, altering a public, 409
Force of growth, 400
Forcing shrubs, 468
Forecoiu-ts, 338
Forest administration, 327
Forest conservation in America, 656
Forest flora of South Australia, 564
Forest work for July. 25; August, 142;
September, 278 ; October, 473 ; No-
vember, 572 ; December, 730
Forests, Algerian, 219 ; hailstorms and,
279 ; Indian, 540 ; Irish, 540
Forestry Exhibition, the International,
309. 334. 437. 797
Forestry, instruction in, 497 ; fluctuations
in, 366 ; Sir J. Lubbock on a school of
182
Formosa, Podophyllum in, i6
Fowls, the "gapes " in, 274
Fox covert, 670
Freaks of variegation, 18
French floral gum, 16
French horticulture. 623
French Horticultural Societies, Federation
of, 50
Fritillaria pallidiflora, 624
Frog and grubs, 119
Frost in Central India, 694
Fruit crop of 1883, the, 133, 136 ; re-
marks on the, 169 ; caprices of
the weather as illustrated by the,
215 ; in Midlothian, 213 ; in Yorkshire,
342 ; in July. 21 ; and the gale in
September, 308
Fruit culture, hardy, in the North of
Scotland, 748, 782
Fruit, gathering, ripening and keeping,
Fruit packing competition at South Ken-
sington, the, 19
Fruit prospects, next year's, 502
Fruit show of the Woolhope Club at
Hereford, 572
Fruit spurs, 537
Fruits of all countries, the, 18
Fruits, graft- changed, 729 ; at the Royal
Aquarium, 662 ; insects injurious to,
102
Fruit tree borders, on cropping, 428
Fruit tree culture on poor soils, 460
Fruit trees in the suburbs, 113 ; in the
London nurseries, 404 ; in suburban
niu-series, 426 ; double grafting, 761 ;
planting, 604 ; transplanting, 440 ;
pruning and cleaning, 762
Fuchsia exoniensis, 560, 604 ; and coral-
lina, 604. 632, 664, 696, 728 ; F. Madame
ComeUisen, 367
Fuchsias, Mr. Lye's, 243
Fungi, edible, 135 ; on foreign Grape
Vines in America, 630 ; parasitic, 625
Fungi, yeast, 203
Fungus foray at Coed Coch, 535
Fungus, the Lilac, the resting-spores of
the, 439 ; pinewood, 566
Furniture, Venetian, 243
The Gardeners* Chronicle,]
INDEX.
[December 29, 181
Gaillardia Lorenziana, 343
Galactites tomentosa, 82
Galanthus, notes on the species of, 728
Galeandra Harveyana, 716
Galeola altissima, iii
Galtonia (Hyacinthus) candicans from
seed, 343
Game coverts, how to form, 792
Gamochlamys heterandra, 697
Gardenias, on the management of, 603,
63 s. 697
Garden, plan of a Dutch, 269
Gardeners to the rescue, 587
Gardeners on their travels, 112
Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution,
19, 21, 148, 180, 240. 631, 788 ; a plan
for increasing its income, 52
Gardeners' societies, 600, 629
Gardens, the water supply of 506,, 538
Gardening in Northumberland, 782 ; and
the poor, 747
Garrya and Aucuba, affinity of, 50
Gateshead public parks, 653
Gazania longiscapa, 77, 471
Geneva, travelling notes from, 362
Genista cetnensis, 83 ; G. elata, 83 ; G.
fiorida, 114
Gentiana afifinis, 309 ; G. Andrewsi, 428 ;
G. arvernensis, 40 ; G, calycosa, 341 ;
G, oniata, 396
George, Mr. James, 114
Geranium argenteum, 140
Gerrardanthus tomentosus, 568
Gesnerads, Chinese, 16
Geums, hybrid, 408
Gilia aggregata, 146, 275
Ginger, mock, 694, 793
Ginger Mushroom, what is the? 633, 662
Gladiolus Colvillei albus, 140
Gladioli, new varieties of, 210, 272 ; the
finest and latest, 569 ; the winter treat-
ment of, 505
Glasgow, notes around, 23
Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 389, 619 ;
Sarracenias at, 117 ; Todeas at, 53
Glass shelters for the flower garden in the
North, 402
Glazing, on the modern method of, 652,
727, 794, 820
Gloxinias as cut flowers, 242 ; in 6o-
sized pots, 376
Glyphosperma Palmeri, 624
Goethea strictiflora, 428
Gold fish, 243
Goodyera discolor, 790
Gordon Town Cinchona plantation, 76
Government plants, 500
Grafting, double, 664 ; natural, 528
Grammanthes gentianoides, 149
Grammato carpus volubilis, 175
Grange, the, Mr. Smee's garden at the,
170
Grape, Alnwick Seedling, on setting, 52 ;
Abercairney Seedling, 495 ; Golden
Queen, 603 ; Muscat of Alexandria
and Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat, 727 ;
the Winter King, 667, 729
Grape growing, amateur, 272 ; at Cloven-
fords, 86 ; in Jersey, 11 ; the extension
system, 819
Grape and Melon growing at Mr. Ladds',
534
Grape Vines in America, fungi on, 630
Grapes, packing for market, 53
Grasmere, hardy flowers at, 7
Grass and Clover crops, the, 304
Grass, Isaria, disease of, 664
Grass land, the Rothamsted experiments
with, 144, 176
Grasses, ornamental, 54
Gray, Mr. James, death of, 700
Greenhouse, cool, spring bulbs for, 362,
394. 430
Greenhouse plants outside, 277
Greenhouses, the rating of, 45
Grevillea macrostyla, 815 ; G. punicea, 121
Grindelia grandifiora, 239
Growth, force of, 400
Gustavia gracillima, 276
Guzmannia Devansaya, 568 ; G. Meli-
noni, 727
Gypsophila cerastoides, 568
" Habit," what is ? 793
Hailstonns and forests, 279
Hamamelis virginica, 730
Hampton Court Gardens, 330
Handcross Park, 653
Handsworth Nursery, the, 494
Hardy plants which do not encroach,
205
Hardwick Hall, Shropshire, 496
Harvest Jestival flowers, 470
Hay Lodge, plants at, 375
Hazel cultivation in Trebizond, 687
Heaths at Kingston, 597 ; hardy, 306,
338, 394
Heating by acetate of soda, 541
Heckfield Place Gardens, 274
Hedges, useful and ornamental, 232
Hedychium coronarium, 206
Hedychium, a new hybrid, 492, 539
Hedychiums planted out, 114
Hedysarum multijugum, 624
Heimia salicifolia, 306
Helenium pumilum, 212 ; M. tenui-
folium, 305
Hellebonis niger altifolius, 527, 591, 686,
762
Herbert's Afnaryllidacea;, 86
Herefordshire Pomona, the, 532
Hibberd, Mr. Shirley, portrait and memoir
of. 299, 336
Holiday, notes of a short August, 360,
391
Hollyhocks, single, 213
Honduras, Mahogany in, 147
Honeysuckle, 121
Hong-kong, notes from, ai;
Hop " Condition," 472
Hop crops, the, 187
Hoplophytum calyculatum, 791
Horse Radish cultivadon, 696
Horticultural education, 370
Horticulturists, honours to, 564
Horton, Milton's house at, 229
Hotbeds, on the making and uses of,
724
Hoya linearis sikkimensis, 8
Hyacinth disease, 235, 308
Hyacinth pots, new, 505
Hyacinths at Haarlem, 376 ; sorts of,
grown for market, 402
Hybrid Raspberry, the, 12
Hydrangeas, on the change of colour in,
472. 504. 538
Hypericum reptans, 341 ; H. sinense, 12
I
Iberis gibraltarica hybrida, 213
Ilex dipyrena, 790
Impatiens Sultani, '309, 820 ; as a bed-
ding plant, 183
Imposters, garden, 632, 664
India, bee-keeping in, 342
Indian forests, 540
Indigo in Nicaragua, 758
Insecticides, 819 ; and the Vine louse, 274
Insecdvorous plants out-of-doors, 171
Insects and their food, 471
Insects, improved method of spraying
trees for protection against, 659
Insects injurious to fruits, 102
Insect visits to flowers, 263
International Exhibition, 1884, 663 ; St.
Petersburg, 663
International Health Exhibition, 725
International Forestry Exhibition, 667
Ipomsea filicaulis, 370 ; I. Horsfallise alba,
694^1. Thomsoniann, 818
Ireland, the re-afforestation of, 109, 400,
472
Irish agricultural statistics, 274
Irish forests, 540
Irish garden notes, 444
Iris alata, 604 ; I. ochroleuca and Mon-
nieri, 232 ; Iris tectorum, 231 ; I. vari-
egata, hybrids of with I. pallida, 373
Irises, notes on, 331, 373, 406 ; on a new,
from the Himalayas, 231 ; on some
hybrid, 331 ; hybrids of I. balkana with
I. cengialti, 406
Isaria, disease of grass, 664
Ismenes, the, 114
Ivies, a few fine, 83
Ixora Duffii, 340, 472
jAMArcA, native bread of, 408
Japanese work on systematic botany, 305
Iasione montana, 306, 342
asminum floribundum, 624
ava, vegetable products of, 394
ensen, Mr., on the Potato disease, 103
ensenian method of Potato culture, 696,
719. 751
Jersey, agriculture and horticulture in,
262 ; Grape cultivation in, 11 ; Tomato
culture in, 37 ; a fruit show in, 564
Jersey Gardener, the, 402
Judging at horticultural exhibitions, 378
Juncus zebrinus=:Scirpus Tabernsemon-
tani, 168
Jurinea alata, 12
Kale, yellow corn, 86
Kalmia andromedifolia, 494
Kay's dendroraeter, 702
Keele Hall, notes from, 720
Kent, Pear growing in, 812
Ketton Hall, the gardens at, 150
Kew, herbaceous garden at, 86 ; the lake
at, 788
Kew Palace and the Seven Sisters, 336
Kieft", gardening and agriculture at, 508,
690
Kind, variety, sort, 791
Kiosk, the, in Regent's Park, 593
Kleinia neriifolia, 697
Kniphofia Leichtlinii, 624
Koellikeria argyrostigma, 147
Kueichow and Yiinan, notes of a journey
through, 234
" Kumara," the, a new vegetable, 601
Labels, garden, 633, 820
Labourers' cottages and gardens in
Ireland, 632
Lace bonnets, 50
Lcelia autumnalis atrorubens, 690 ; L,
elegans, 402 ; L. elegans Houtteana,
526 ; L. elegans prasiata, 303 ; L.
Perrinii, 562; L. Veitchianax, 142;
L. Wyattiana x , 426
Laing »& Co.'s nursery. Forest Hill, 661
Lancashire Cotton Mill Flower Show, 296
Lancashire garden, notes from a, 329
Lapageria alba, 306, 727 ; L. rosea, 245
Lapagerias, 377, 569 ; notes on, 538
Larch, the, 756
Larch tree struck by lightning, 473
Lasiogrostis calamogrostis, 173
Lathyrus Davidii, 624 ; L. Drummondi,
40 ; L. rotundifolius, 307 ; L, tuberosus,
179
Lavatera arborea variegata, 242 ; L. tri-
mestris, 172
Law note : The rating of greenhouses, 45
Leaves, the perforation of, 178
Lespedeza bicolor, 495, 748 (as Desmo-
dium penduliflorum)
Lettuce disease, the, 600
Leucoium hyemale, 600
Leycesteria formosa, 665,
Liatris pycnostachya, 624
Licuala grandis, 624
Lightning, effect of, on trees, 541
Ligustrum ovalifolium, 426
Lilac fungus, the resting-spores of the.
439
Lilacs tor forcing, 632
Lilies, the uses of, 277 ; Tarquin and his,
214
Lilium auratum, fine home-grown bulbs
of, 534 ; L. a. sun v. shade for, 214,
276, 408, 603 ; L. candidum, 818 ; L.
croceum, 75 ; L. elegans, 75 ; L. Han-
soni, 75 ; L. Harrisi, 52, 81; L. Leicht-
hni, 7 ; L. longiflorum, 7 ; L. mona-
delphum, 75; L. pardalinum, 75 ; L. p.
var. Bourgjei, 76 ; L. p. var. californi-
cum, 75 ; L. p. var. pallidiflorum, 75 ;
L. Parryi, 7 ; L. peregrinum, 115 ; L.
Humboldd, 39 ; L, Washingtonianum,
39
Liliums in flower, 7, 39, 75
Lily culture, progress in, 107
Lima Bean, the, 790
Lime tree of Prilly, 528
Limnanthemum nymphasoides, 178
Linaria alpina, 84 ; L. cymbalaria major,
84 ; L. saxatilis, 233 ; L. thymifoUa,
538 ; L. triornithophora, 179
Lindley Library, the, 765
IJnnaea boreahs, 19
Linnean Society, the, 534
Linnasus, Nuttall, and Gray, 468
Linseed, white, 727
Linum trigynum, 409
Lisianthus Russellianus, 428
Littonia Keiti, 51
Liverpool Horticultural Company, 274
Lobelia pumila magnifica, 367
Local board, the troubles of a, 50
Locusts in Asia Minor, 759
London Parks, the, 276 ; Roses, 113
Lourea vespertilionis, 275
Lucorabe, Pince & Co., 660
Lycaste Harrisonise eburnea, 803 ; L.
Smeeana, 198
Lychnis flos-cuculi plena, 217 ; L. ves-
perdna plena, 217
Lycoperdon sculptum, 570
M
Macrozamia Denisoni, a large cone of,
403
Madras Agri-Horticultural Society, 83
Magallana porrifolia, 364
Magnoha Lennei, 572 ; M, Soulangeana
nigra, 572
Mahogany in Honduras, 147
Malva moschata alba, 632
Malvastrum calycinum, 83
Manchester, a botanical meeting at, 6
Manchester public parks, 717, 750
Manchester Horticultural Mutual Im.
provement Society, 629
Mandevilla suaveolens, 82, 275, 308, 343
Mango season in India, 534
Manilla, tobacco in, 58
Manures, unexhausted, compensation for,
359
Marigold Meteor, 534
Marigolds, dwarf French, 502
Market Gardeners, Nurserymen, and
Farmers' Association, 471
Martynia fragrans, 274
Masdevallia brevis, 588 ; M. calura, 230 ;
M. Carderi, 181 ; M. Davisii, 431, 498;
M. GaskeUiana, 294 ; M. geminata,
294 ; M. Harryana var. miniata, 752 ;
M. marginella, 38 ; M. infracta pur-
purea, 460; M. racemosa, 465; M.
racemosa Crossii, 691 ; M. Reichen-
bachia var. aurantiaca, 360 ; M. tovar-
cnse, 814; M. trichaete, 360
Maurandya erubescens, 500
Mauve, the colour of, »8a
Maxillaria irrorata, 102 ; M. varicosa,
392
Meconopsis nepalensis, 603
Medinilla Curtisii, 468, 621
Melon Benham Beauty, 242 ; the Good-
wood, 182
Melon growing, 116, 245
Melons, new, 277, 343, 409 ; in Decem-
ber, 794
Melon seed necklets, 726
Mesembryanthemum violaceum, 50
Methven, 811
Metrosideros buxifolia, 371
Mexican Orchids, 14
Mexico, tree planting in, 179
Michaelmas Daisies, 473, 502
Michauxia campanuloides, 115
Mignonette, Mr. James' strain of, 343 ;
on transplanted, 210
Millet, the red, 724
Milton's house at Horton, 229
Miltonia Warscewiczii var. xanthina, 812
Milverton, a fine Sweet Bay at, 117
Mimulus, arrangement of the flowers of,
338
Mimulus cupreus, 113 ; M. radicans, 21
Mirabilis multiflorus, 84
Miramar, the castle of, 528
Mistleto trees, 664
Mitchella repens, 82
Mock Ginger, 694
Montbretia rosea, 370
Monkshood, bees and, r8i, 213, 299
Monochoria cyanea, 340
Monnina obtusifolia, 625
Moot, the, near Sahsbury, 200
Morocco, drought in, 275
Morina Coulteriana, 275
Morus alba, 403
Mould on ensilage, 781
Mountain Ash berries, how to preserve,
472
Mount Merrion, Orchids in bloom at,
366
Mucuna imbricata, 340, 370
Mulleins, notes on, 148
Muntham Court gardens, 336
Mushroom growing, 39
Mushrooms, eatable and poisonous, 752
Mushrooms in the Green Park, 339; in
the open air, 439
" My Garden," 170
Myrobalan Plum, a double-flowered, 528
N
Narcissus Bulbocodium, 460 ; N. viridi-
florus, 631, 664, 728
Natal Botanic Garden, 334
Nature, variations in, 598
Nectarine Humboldt, 308 ; Humboldt
and Darwin, 495 ; Humboldt and
others, 567
Neottia Nidus-avis, 666
Nepenthes bicalcarata, 472
Nepenthes, seedling, 472 ; Mr. Ratcliffs,
18 ; Prof. Alexander Dickson on ihe
pitchers of, 812
Nerine crispa, 604 ; N. filifolia, 604
Nerines, 428
Newcastle parks and gardens, 590
New Zealand, the Southern Alps of, 235,
267, 299 ; growth of the Cork Oak in,
147 ; a natural fernery, 151 ; the
naturahsed plants of the Auckland dis-
trict, 179 ; the naturalised weeds of,
340
New Zealand plants, 430 ; Veronicas,
375
Nice, International Exhibition at, 208,
400. 437
Nicotiana affinis, 438
Nitrogen of soils, the, 293
Nomenclatiu-e, novelties in, 305, 377 ;
pomological, 470
North's, Miss, pictures, 564
Northumberland, gardening in, 782
Nothoscordum flavescens, 697
Notobasis syriaca, 147
Notospartium Carmichaeliae, 169
Nottingham gardens, the, 274
VI
The G&rdeners' Chronicle,
INDEX.
LBecemter ftg, 1883.
Novelties at flower shows, 214
Nowton Court, the gardens at, 557
Nupbar advena, 82, 556, 728
Nursery stock, sales of, 628
Nutmeg gatherer, a, 116
NymphDsa alba var. rosea, 83 ; N. alba
var. rubra, 114; N. Lotus Ortgiesiana,
575 ; N. odorata, 625
Obekonia iridifolia, 66-^
Obituakv ;— Absolon, Mrs., 154; Berry,
Mr. G., 347 ; Cargill, Mr. John, 510 ;
Crewe, Rev. H. H., 347 ; Fleming,
Mr. John, 701 ; Gellatly, Mr. T., 477 ;
Gray, Mr. James, 700 ; Heer, Prof. O.,
509 ; Heyer, Dr. Gusiav, 121 ; Hooper,
Mr. H., 477; Howard, Mr. y. E.. 701 ;
Laing, Mr. John, 575 ; Mackintosh,
Mr.R. T., 249 ; Paterson, Mr. H. M.,
154; Youell, Mr. W., 701
Odontoglossum Alexandrce, 691, 754 ;
O. Alexandras virginale, 307 ; O.
bictonen^e, 786 ; O. elegans, 752 ; O.
grande, 594 ; O, hebraicum, 206 ; O.
crispum var. Lehmanni, 395 ; O. lepi-
dum, 526 ; O. Leeanuni, 303 ; O.
CErstedti, 658 ; O. Pescatorei van,
563 ; O. Pescatorei Schroderianum,
388 ; O. Ruckerianum splendens, 8 ;
O. Roezlii, 143, 690 ; O. Sanderianum,
814 ; O. Schlieperianum, 135 ; O. va-
ricosum, 437 ; O. vclleum, 19S ; O.
vexillarinm Hiliianum, 206 ; O. War-
ner i, 206
Odontoglossums and Masdevallias at
Mr. Winn's, 14
CEnothera Fraserii, 84 ; CE. speciosa, 40 ;
GE. tenella, 170 ; CE. Youngii, 84
Oncidium candidnm, 233 ; O, concolor,
625 ; O. cucullatum, 814; O. eurycline,
812 ; O. flcxuosum, 498 ; O. Forbesii,
303 ; O. Jonesianum, ySr ; O. litum,
328 ; O. Papilio var. Eckhardti, 752 ;
O. nigratum, 8 ; O. trifurcatum, 556 ;
O. varicosum, 437 ; O. vexillarium,
786 ; O. Warneri, 206
Onion, a new, 567 ; a variegated, 576 ; the
Zittauer, 245, 277
Onions, Continental, at Chiswick, 215 ;
in Servia, 759 ; on thinning, 20 ; under-
ground, 402
Ononis natrix, 210
Open spaces in towns. 717
Opliiopogon jaburan i^ol. aureo var., 428
Opantia Pccppigi, 667 ; O. Segethi, 667 ;
O. tunicata, 246
Orange trees in Florida, 564
Orchard-houses, 117
Orchids and Nepenthes, at the Victoria
and Paradise Nurseries, 596
Orchid, an, with elongating pedicels, no
Orchid pan, Sander's, 85
Orchids at Bocking Place, 562 ; British,
and their cultivation, 202 ; at Burford
Lodge, 621 ; at Cambridge. 786 ; at
Downside, 536 ; at Silverdale Lodge,
465 ; Australian, 722 ; culture of in
Central America, 599 ; Dr. Boddaert's,
400; Mr. Bull's, 81 ; hardy, 85 ; hybrid,
14 ; in bloom at Mount Merrion, 366 ;
in the City, 695 ; in flower, sales of, 562
Orchids, li :t of garden— Epidendrums,
42, 152, 204, 244, 477, 573, 606, 634 ;
Major Lendy's, 270 ; Mr. Bonny's,
595 ; Mr. Chamberlain's, 14 ; Mr.
Cypher's, 627; Mr. HoUington's, 334 ;
Mr. Leech's. 46 ; Mexican, 14 ; more
than 100 feet high, in ; Mr. Phil-
brick's, 398 ; Mr. Pollett's, 786 ; Mr.
Schneider's, 84 ; new, from New Zea-
land, 142 ; notes from Trentham, 396
Orchids, Protheroe & Morris', sales of,
663 ; portraits of, 722 ; rare Central
American, on the culture of some, 638
Orchids, the rational culture of. 558 ;
unshaded, at York, 69 ; at Walton
Grange, 334
Orchis Stabiana alba, 335
Orchis, the Bird's-nest, 666
Origanum dictamnus, 212 [148
Ornamental water in St. James" Park,
Orniihogalum arabicum, 667 ; O. gra-
cile, 506
Orobus lathyroides, 17
Osmanthus aquifolius, 604 ; O. fragrans,
662 ; O. myrtifolius, 494
Oteley Park, EUesniere, 216
Ottelia ovalifolia, 181
Oxalis crenata, 726 ; O. luteola, 276 ;
O. tuberosa, 625
Oxford, the Professor of Botany at, 662 ;
the Professorship of Rural Economy at,
694
Pachira macrocarpa, 147
Palava flexuosa, 274
Palm Cabbages, the, in British Guiana,
574
Palm forest at Elche, the, 16
Palumbina and Thunia, 270
Pampas-grass, 694
Panax fruticosum var. Deleauanum,
625
Pancratium speciosum, 760
Pansies, fancy, in the mass, 33S
Pansies. Scotch, 181 ; seedling, 146
Papaver umbrosum, 146, 148 ; I', um-
brosum f!ore-pleno, 235
Paper. Chinese Joss. 305
Paraffin as an insecticide, 178
Paraguay Flora, liie, 630 ; useful plants
in, 215
Parasitic fungi, 625
Parcels' Post, plant boxes, K,-^, 176 ; regu-
lations, 563
Pardanthus chinensis, 275
Parrya nudicaulis, 625
Paul & Sons' hardy plant nursery, 10
Pea, British Queen, as a late sort, 505 ;
Latest of All, 342 ; Laxton's Standard,
213 ; a new, 242 ; a new American,
790 ; Walker's perpetual bearer, 471
Pea, Sweet, Adonis, 662 ; Carmine Rose,
211
Peas, early, 20, 790, S20 ; everiasling,
117 ; late, 632, 665, 697, 728, 820
Peas, new garden, at Boreatton Park, 293
Peas, Sweet, Eckford's new, 264
Peach, Early Chevalier, 47 ; Golden
Eagle, . 752 ; Lady Palmerston, 341 ;
Sea Eagle, 495
Peach curl, the, 367
Peach growing at the Larches, Preston,
341
Peach tree planting, 405
Peach wall at Ditton Park, 146, 684
Peaches in Lancashire, 408
Peaches, early. 206
Peaches and Nectarines, late, 439 ; small,
277
Pear, a graft changed, 603, 665
Pear, Beurre Bosc, 405 ; Doyenne de
Ramegnies, 85 ; Margaret Marillat,
303 ; Muirfowl s Egg, 537. 567 ; Oli-
vier de Serres, 537, 567 ; Triomphe de
Tournai, 760
Pear foliage, Doyenn^ Boussoch, 603
Pear growing in Kent, 812
Pear tree, the results of moving a large,
406
Pear trees, tap-root pruning of old, 377
Pears and birds, 470, 538
Pelargonium and Geranium, hybrids be-
tween the, 52
Pelargonium disease, 403, 440
Pelargonium Endlicherianum, 212, 239 ;
Fairest of the Fair. 507; P. (zonal).
Erl King, 790 ; P. Henri Jacoby, 694 ;
P. Indian Yellow, 367
Pelargoniums, market, 695
Pelargonium;, scarlet, old plants of, 338
Pelargonium Society, the, 758
Pelargoniums, zonal, cuttings of, 628 ; in
December. 759 ; new, 822
PcUionia Daveauana, 625
Pentas carnea, 440
Pentstemon labrosus, 536
PL^jjpL-r and Betel-nuts in Sumatra, 50
Peristeria ephippium, 198
Peronospora ganglioniformis, 600 ; P.
parasitica, 625
Petunia, a yellow, 660
Peziza disease of Potatos, 664
Pezza postuma, 333
Phacelia canipanularia, 135, 213. 625
Phaius albus var. flavolinctus, 334
PhalEenopsiscornu-cervi. 530 ; l-*. amabilis
and P. Schilleriana, 722 ; P. Sanderiana,
no ; P. Sanderiana var. marmorata,
8i2 ; P. violacea, 530 ; P. Valentini,
262
Phalaris arundinacea, 144
Phojnix acaulis, 760
Phcenix fronds, 694
Philageria Veitchii, 726
Phillyrea Vilmorensi?, 494
Philodendron Mamei. 752
Phlomis Leonurus, 373
Phloxes, herbaceous, 377
Phormium tenax, ripening seed-capsules
in the open air, 668
Phylloxera laws, the. 437, 500, 506, 534 ;
in Holland, the, 696
Phylloxera, the, 261
Picea pungeus, 725
Pickles, new, 147
Picotee, the yellow, S22
Pinettim Briiaiinicum, completion of the,
471
Pine, the golden Austrian, 730, 785
Pine pollen, remarkable fall of, 112
Pinewood fungus, 566
Pinguicula hirtifolia, 727
Pink Madame Ed. Pynaert, 625
Pinus Banksiana, 503 ; P. Cembra, the
odour of, 309 ; P. Laricio, 764, 815 ;
P. L. var. Pallasiana, 785 ; P. latis-
quama, 730
Plagiolirion Horsmanni, 38, 105
Planet, the price of a, 470
Planting, comparative advantages of
autumn and spring. 667 ; in the district
of the Chiltern Hills, 532 ; under trees
as it should not be done, 470 ; on road-
sides, 339
Plant and fruit-houses, the arrangement
of, 210
Plants, alpine, 171
Plants and ants, tlie social life of, 71
Plants, arrangement of, in conservatories,
496 ; for the adornment of the dwelling,
403 ; diseases and injuries of, 566, 628 ;
fertihsation of by snails, 439 ; flow-
ering at Christmas. 821 ; for bogp,
116 ; garden names for, 443 ; half-
hardy, growth of in Arran, 668 ; hardy,
which do not encroach, 205 ; hardy, in
high latitudes, 625 ; at Hay Lodge,
375 ; in flower at Diinrobin, 793 ;
herbaceous, at the Chad Valley
Nursery, 12 ; insectivorous, out-of-
doors, 171 ; label for, a new, 633 ; new,
certificated by the Royal Botanic So-
ciety, 718 ; new, certificated by the
Royal Horticultural Society, 750 ; new
South American, 364 ; New Zealand,
440 i of Shakespeare, the, 5 ; some
rare old, 141 ; three interesting, 277 ;
useful in Paraguay, 215 ; wall, from an
old garden, 402 ; wild, on Boxhill, 70 ;
wild, of the Bristol district, 200
Plants, new garden, described :— Acro-
stichum magnum, 135 ; Adiantum cune-
atum deflexum, 716 ; A. cuneatum
strictum, 526 ; A. Weigandi, 748 ;
/Echmea Barleei, 102 ; At-rides Law-
rencig^, 460 ; Anguloa Ruckeri retusa,
135 ; Calanthe anchorifera, 166 ; Ca-
raguata sangninea, 716 ; Catlleya Bry-
meriana. 492 ; C. Eldorada ornata, 526 ;
C. Schrosderiana, 182 ; C. triophthal-
ma, 526 ; Ccelogyne prcecox tenera,
294 ; C. salmonicolor, 328 ; Crinum
zeylanicum var. reductum, 618 ; Cycas
Beddomei. 556 ; Cypripodium Curtisii,
8 ; C. macropterum, 294 : C. Robbe-
leni, 684 ; C, tessellatum porphyreum,
492 ; Cyrtandra pendula, 70 ; Davallia
angustiloba, 230 ; Dendrobium ciliatum
breve, 328 ; D. linearifolium, 618 ; D.
polycarpum, 492 ; Epidendrum iono-
centrum, 8 ; Galeandra Harveyana,
716 ; Hedychium, a new hybrid, 492 ;
Hoya Hnearis sikkimensis, 8 ; Lrelia
elegans Houtteana, 526 ; L. Wyatii-
ana x , 426 ; Lycaste Smeeana, -198 ;
Masdevallia brevis, 588 ; JNL cahira,
230 ; M. Gaskelliana, 294 ; ^L gem-
mata, 294 ; RL marginella, 38 ; ^L
Reichenbachia var. aurantiaca, 360 ;
M. trichoete, 360 ; Maxillaria irrorata,
102 ; M. varicosa, 392 ; Miltonia
Warscewiczii var. xanlliina, 812 ;
Odontoglossum lepidimi, 526 ; O. Pes-
catorei Schrccderiana. 588 ; O. Ruckeri-
anum splendens, 8 ; O. Schheperianum,
135 ; O. velleum, 19S ; Oncidium
eurycline, S12 ; O. Jonesianum,
781 ; O. litum breve, 328 ; O.
trifurcatum, 556 ; O, nigratum, 8 ;
Peristeria ephippium, 19S ; Phacelia
canipanularia, 135; Phalasnopsis Valen-
tini, 262 ; P. Sanderiana var. marmo-
rata, 812 ; Plagiolirion Horsmani, 38 ;
Promensea stapelioides heteropiera,
70 ; Pteris serrulata var. Pocockii, 426 ;
Rodriguezia Lecana, 38 ; Saccolabium
Witteanum. 61S ; Sarcanthus belo-
phoras, 262 ; Salvia discolor, 588 ;
Scilla livida, 166 ; Sigmatostahx mal-
leifera, 360 ; Spa than theum heleran-
drum, 70 ; Statice Sawarowii, 392 ;
Slelis zonata, 556 ; Trichopilia Kienas-
tiana. 166 ; Vanda hastil'era, 556 ; V. in-
signis var Schrcederiana, 392 ; V. Rox-
burghii var, W^righ liana, 262 ; Vanilla
Pfaviana, 230 ; VVarscewiczella picta,
8 i Zygopetalum Burkei, 684 ; Z. forci-
patuni, 360.
Pleione hnmilis var. tricolor, 303
Pleroma Benthansianum, 428
Plumbago capensis, 728
Plumeria rubra, 147
Plum, Reiue Claude de Bavay, 244 ;
Reine Claude Violctte, 244
Plum trees, diseases in, 338
Podophyllum in Formosa, 16
Poisoned soil, 208
Polyanthuses, Gold-laced, 763; Pearson's
Alexander and Eckersley's black and
gold, 796
Polygonum amphibium, 82
Polypodium vulgare var. trichomanoides,
102, 213
Pomological nomenclature, 470
Pomologj', the future of, 471
Poplar at Dijon, the big, 528
Poplar, the Lombardy, dying out in Ger-
many, 570
Portuguese garden, a, 429
Potato, a new French, 534 ; a new species
of, 596. 662
Potato, Mona's Pride, 181 ; the Welford
Park Kidney, 408
Potato crop, the, 50, 53, 105, 149, 199,
558 ; and the disease, 115
Potato culture, 686; the J ensenian method
of, 696, 719, 751, 795. 820
Potato disease, the, 85, 181, 333, 664,
763 ; Mr. ]ensen on the, 103, 795 ; Mr.
Murray on the, 698 ; Mr, Murray's
lecture on the, 729, 751, 795 ; protective
moulding, 116, 376
Potato, the produce of one, 728
Potato Show, the International, 304 ;
statistics from the, 309, 437
Potatos, big, 244; cooked, 726; notes
on, 272 ; new kinds of, 365 ; prolific,
219 ; protective mouMing. 116, 376 ; rein-
■ vigoratcd, 41 ; on serving up, 763. 794
Pothos celatocaulifi, 625
Powerscourt, Viscount, on the reafforesta-
tion of Ireland, 109
Pratia arenosa, -^ot^
Primula floribunda, 600 ; obconica, 52,
460 ; P. suffrutescens, 40
Primulas, Chinese, 726 ; at South Ken-
sington, 759 ; new Asiatic. 665
Primroses, double, 19 ; thrum-eyed, 86,
14S
Prinos glaber, 115
Prize schedules, 535
Progress in Lily culture, 107
Proliferous athyria, 783
Promenrea stapelioides heteroptera, 70
Proteaceous seed-vessels, 683
Protecting plants, 729
Protomyces macrosporu^, 338
Protoplasm, the conlinuiiy of, 50
Prunes in Belgrade, 790
Prunus jacquemonti, 114;. P. Pissardi,
444, 472, 504, 625 ; P. triloba, 266
Psidium Cattleyanum or Guava, 402
Psychotria cyanococca, 753
Pteris serrulata var. Pocockii, 426
Pterocarya caucasica, 472
Public, a discerning, iS
Puccinia mixta, 52
Pumpkins grown in New Zealand, 403
Punjab agri-horticultural gardens, 730
Pyracantha berries, 596
Pyrus aria var. scandica, 52 ; P. Maulei,
534 ; P- p^nnalifida, 492, 603
Quince, the. and its cultivation, 760
Quinces in sugar, 541
Quinces, steued, 541
Raasay, the gardens at, 619
Rabbits as a food supply, 50
Railway rates, 272
Rain gauges grads, 598
Rauunculii5es in pols, 504
Raspberry, the hybrid. 12, 150. 214, 276,
3|2
Raspberry, a curious case of disease in a,
144
Raspberry grub, the, 752
Rating of greenhouics, the, 45
Redwood, the, 457
Refuginm Botaiiicum, completion of the,
62S ; list of plants figured in the, 766
Regel, Dr. Albert von. in Bokhara, 113
Regent's Park, the new refieshment
pavilion in. 593
Reliance rotary valve, the, 149
Renandicra Lowi as grown at Ferriires,
Rhamnus libanotica, 600
Rhaponticum cynaroides, 211
Rheca fibre cleaning machine, 694
Rheum hybridum " Florenliii," 600
Rhododendron Marchioness, 437 ; R.
Nuttalli, 43 ; R. puctalum, 20 ; a
hybrid, 329
Rhododendron pondcum and poisonous
honey. 793
Rhododendrons, are lh':y poisonous ?,
763. 793.819. 820
Rhus Colinus, 377
Rhubarbs, new hjbrid, 459
Ribbon-grass, 213
Roadside gardens, 114 ; planting, 339
Roadside trees in Belgium, 694
Rock garden, Mr. Whitehead's, 396
Rockwork in IMiller Park, Preston, 370
Rodgersia podophylla. 140
Rodriguezia Leeana, 38
Root growth, 728
Rosa alpina, 625 ; R. Brunoniana, 178 ;
R. lucida flore-pleno, 41 ; R. multi-
flora, 275, 308
Rose culture in pots, 40
Rose, an old, 145
Rose Cramoisie sup^rieure, 752 ; R. Her
Majesty, 81 ; R. Louise Odier, 41 ; R.
Mar^chal Niel, 569 ; R. Queen of
Queens, 208 ; standard of Joan of Arc,
731 ; R, Tea, Simset, 725
Rose pudding, how to make, 243
Rose stock, a new, 114
The Gardeners* Chronicle,]
INDEX.
[December zg, 1883.
vu
Rosery, nutumn work in the, 560 ; after
the fight, 236
Roses, Mr. Bennett's pc ligrec, 83 ;
climbing, 237 ; in December, 758 ;
London, 113 ; notes on new, 462 ; old
and new, 374, 406 ; on Tweedside, 588 ;
planting and manuring, 731 ; i)ropa-
gating by cuttings, 300
Ross, Mr. S., presentation to, 532
Kotlianisted experiments on grass-lands,
176
Royal Botanic Society's annual meetings,
243
Koyal Horticultural Society, the Com-
mittees of the, Si8
Royal Botanic Society's new corridor, 720
Rubbish. 820
Rulaus Leesii and the hybrid Raspberry,
27G ; R. odoratus, i^o ; R. phoenico-
lasius, 276, 30S ; R. rosifolius coro-
narius, 41
Ruscus androgynus, Prof. Dickson on,
103
Rush, the banded, i63
Rata patavina, 140, 214, 245
S
Sabbatia campestris, 298, 343
Saccolabium Berkeleyi, 46 ; S. Wittea-
nuni, 618
Sagittaria sagittifolia, iii
St. Helena, 502
St. James' Park, the ornamental water in,
148
St. Petersburg International Horticul-
tural Exhibition, 663
Sales of nursery stock, 628
Salix triandra, 308
" Salting un in," 798
Salvia boliviana, 625 ; S. candelabrum,
12 ; S. discolor, 588 ; S. lantanifolla,
791 ; S. Ro2meriana, 371
Salvias, notes on, 695
Sambucus racemosa, 146
Samolns littoralis, 307
Sanchezia nobilis, 373
Sandal-wood in China, 146
Sandersonia auranti;ica, 146
Sander's Orchid-pan, S5
San Francisco, the canned frutt trade in, 90
Sanitarium, a national, 370
Sarcanthus belophorus, 262
Sarcocaulon Burmannii, 50
Sarcodes sanguinea, 264
Sarcopodium Dearci, loS
Sarmienta repens, 600
Sarracenia grub, the, 656
Sarracenias at Glasnevin, 117
Sawbridgeworth Nurseries, the, 426
Saxifraga cortusifolia, 727 ; S. marginata,
121
Scabiosa graminifolia, 84 ; S. Hookeri
Science, pure, 437
Scilla livida. 166; S, maritime, 84
Scirpus Tabernsemontani, 168
Schizostylis coccinea, 761
Scotland, Cedars in. 148 ; hardy fruit
culture in the North of, 748, 782
Scropliularia aquatica variegata, 373
Scutellaria Lehmanni, 726
Seakale, on the cultivation of, G52 ; forcinf^
730
Sedum populifolium. 239 ; S. spectabjle,
495 : Telephium Bordieri, 495
Seed crops, t!ie, 468
Seed trade, amenities of the, 242
Seed vessels, Australian, 688
Seeds, garden, the foreign crops of, 242
Seeds, on the germination of, 592
Seeds lying dormant, 666, 762
Seed trade oJ Aberdeen, the, 818
Selborne, a visit to, 715
Senecio concolor, js> 6^5 1 S. raacro-
phylius, 115
Serapias cordigera, 12, 341, 375
Serra da Estrella, the, 502
Seven Sisters at Kew, the, 336
Shakespeare, the plants of, 5
Shakespeare Flora, Grindon's, 50
Sheffield, window gardening in, 306
Shelters and wind guards, 472
Shipley Hall, the gardens at, 211
Shrubs, flowering, 462 ; forcing, 468 ;
hardy wall, 375 409 ; hardy, in the
County of Wicklow, 53
Sidalcea malviflora, 12
Siemens, Sir C. W., death of, G60
Sigmatostalix malleifera, 360
Silenes, on the culture of, 622
Silo and ensilage, 794
Silos, or grain pits, 438, 633
Slate fences, 364
Slough, the Carnation show at, 153
Snails and slugs, fetilisation of flowers by,
266, 439
Snow plant, the, 264
Societies : — Atherstone Horticultural,
218 ; Aylesbury Horticultural, 56 ;
Bath Rose Show, 56 ; Beckenham
Horticultural, 186 ; Brighton and
Sussex Horticultural, 344 ; Bucking-
ham Floral and Horticultural, 185 !
Caterham Horticultural, 154; Chal-
font St. Peter's Horticultural, 312 ;
Chiswick Horticultural, 57 ; Colnbrook
Horticultural, 154, 73a; Cryptogamic
of Scotland, 378 ; Chrysanthemum
shows, various, 635, 668, 699 ; Crystal
Palace Rose .Show, 54 ; Crystal Palace
Dahlia and Autumn I'ruit Show, 310 ;
Devon and Kxeter Horticultural, 312;
Dundee Horticultural, 345 ; Edinburgh
Botanical, 89, 608,798; EaUng Horticul-
tural, 89, 731 ; ICarley Horticultural, 282;
Frimley, N'orklown, &c. , I lorticul-
tural, 346; Harpenden Horticultural,
282 ; Hull Botanic Gardens Flower
Show, 90 ; Highgate Horticultural,
56 ; International Potato Show, 345 ;
Ipswich and East of England Horti-
cultural, 89 ; Lee, Blackheath, and
Lewisham Horticultural, 57 ; Eiver-
pool Horticultural Association, 184,
699 ; Maidenhead Horticultural, 281 ;
Manchester Horticultural Mutual Im-
provement, 700, 765 ; National Car-
nation and I'icotee {Southern Section),
120 ; National Rose, 26 ; Norfolk and
Norwich Horticultural, 409, 732 ;
Northamptonshire Horticultural, 185 ;
Norwood Amateur Floral, 55 ; Not-
tingham and Notts Horticultural, 732 ;
Portmadoc Horiicultural, 186 ; Preston
and Fulwood Horticultural, 311 ; Read-
ing Horticultural, 248 ; Richmond
Horticultural, 26 ; Rochester Horticul-
tural, 55 ; Royal Caledonian Horticul-
tural, 87,378, 793 ; Royal Horticultural,
54. 120. 218, 279, 312. 344, 475. 634,
764 ; Royal Horticultural of Ireland,
347 ; Scottish Horticultural Associa-
tion, 90, 218, 346, 509, 699, 732 ;
Sevenoaks Horticultural, 279 ; Shank-
lin Horticultural, 281 ; Shropshire
Horticultural, 247 ; Taunton Deane
Horticultural, 247 ; Torquay Hor-
ticultural, 121 ; Trowbridge Horti-
cultural, 280 ; Tunbridge Wells Horti-
cultural, 56 ; Twickenham Horticul-
tural, 89 ; Warwick Amateurs, 186 ;
Weston-super-Mare Horticultural, 246 ;
Woodbridge Horticultural, 56; Wool-
hope Fr.ngus Foray, 475 ; Worsley and
Swinton Horticultural, 2S1 ; York
Ancient Florists, 723 ; Yorkshire Natu-
ralist's Union, 311
Socotra, the Ferns of, 178 ; the flora of,
719 ; interesting plants from, 277
Soil poisoned by gas, 20S
Soili, the nitrogen of, 293 ; poor, fruit
tree culture on, 462 ; Vine, on the
^ chemical composition of, 182
Solanum Commersoni, 662, 569 as S.
Ohrondianum
Sophroniiis grandiflorum, 814
South American plants, new, 364
Spain, Eucalyptus in, 618
Sparrow, awliite, 695, 760
Spathantheum heterandrum, 70
Specimen plants, on staking, 439
Sphenogyne spcciosa, 146
Spira-as, notes on, 142
Spiraea aruncus, 40 ; S. millefolia, 178 ;
S. palmata, 20, 150 ; S. splendens, 12
Spruce, the blue, 725
Siapelia Massoni, char, emend. 761
Statice Suwarowii, 392
Stelis zonata, 5^,6
Stenactis speciosa, 217
Stenomesson Hartwegi, 625
Stenotaphrum or Reineckea variegata,
662
Stephanotis and Chrysanthemums at Mr.
Ladds', 534
Stobcea purpurea, 115
Stocks, East Lothian, 146
Stock, influence of, upon the scion, 569
Stratton Park, 197
Strawberry, a monstrous alpine, 145
Strawberries The Captain and King of
the Earlies, 430 ; James Veitch, 85,
Strawberries, 52 ; alpine, 343 ; autumn,
506 ; autumn and winter management,
174 ; autumn fruiting, 437 ; at the
Bath exhibition, 52 ; in November,
632, 664 ; in December, 716
Straw ties for trees, 653
Street planting in Calcutta, 107
Street trees, 50
Suburban garden, a, 792
Sugar-cane cultivation in Auckland, 145
Sugar and Bean cake at Swatow, i8a
Sumatra, Pepper and Betel-nuts in, 90
Sunderland town parks, 654
Sunningdale Nursery, the, 150
Sunshades, 504
Swatow, Sugar and Bean cake at, 180
Sweet Bay, a fine, at Milverton, 117
Sweet Scabious, 634, 696
Sweet William, the derivation of, 90
Switzerland, the aquatic plants of, 231
Sydney, New South Wales, a wild flower
show at, 561
Syagus botryophora, 660
Tacmiadf.nus carinatus, 83
Tahiti, Vanilla, sugar, &c., in, 759
Tarquui and his Lilici, 214
Tea and its substitulus, 765
Temperature according to < U-vation, 339
Tenant's fixtures, 309 ; plant-housed as,
632, 665, 696, 730, 760
Tcneriffe, Cocliincal culture in, 662
Tetramicra bicolor, peloria of, 20
Tetrancnia me.xicanum, 330
Tcucrium hyrcanicum, 340
Thame Nursery, Mr. Walker's, 558
Theropogon pallidus, 147
Timnbergia grandiflora, 662
Thunbergia, 306
Thuias, on the browning of, 596
Tigridia pavonia var. alba, 339 ; T. spc-
ciosa alba, 212
Tigridias, the, 634
Timehri, ^-z-j
Tobacco in Manilla, 58
Todeas at Glasnevin, 53
Tomato, the Glamorgan, 695
Tomato culture injersey. 37
Tomatos in the open ground at Reading,
651 ; malformed, 504
Tomtits, 603
Torenia flava, 121
Torenias, 443
Town gardens, 587
Towns, open spaces in, 653, 717, 750
Trade groups at flower shows, 80, 148
Trade memorandum, 592, 663
Travelling imposters, 148
Travelling notes, 439
Tree growth in Florida, 575
Tree planting, 617 ; preparation of the
soil, 651 ; dotting and grouping, 683
Tree planting in Mexico, 179
Trees as artists' models, 491 ; effect of
lightning on, 541 ; forest and historic,
of Great Britain, 784 ; on the maturity
of, 43 ; moving large, at Eroxbourne-
bury, 475 ; and shrubs, transplanting,
627 ; records of the size of, 797 ; straw
ties for, 653 ; street, 50 ; on the tints
of, at sunset and sunrise, 730
Trentham, fruit notes from, 405 ; Orchid
notes from. 396
Trichopilia Kienastiana, i66
Trichosma suavis, 722
Tricyrtis hirta, 377
Tritonia Pottsii, 623
Trilonia uvaria from seed, 502
Tropnsolum polyphyllum, 240 ; T. trico-
lorum, 339
Tropnsolum. succulent, 309
Truftles, 660, 684, 730, 761
Truffle, the white, 760
Tuber asstivum, 729
Tulcan, the vegetation of, 443
Tulipa Alberti, 153 ; T. altaica, 71 ; T.
Aucheriana, 168 ; T. australis. 233 ;
T. Behmiana, 12 ; T. biflora, 233 ; l".
Biebersteiniana, 233 ; T. bithynica,
169 ; T. boitica, 71 ; T. Boissieri, 12 ;
T. Borsczowi, 12 ; T. cretica, 234 ; T.
dasystemon, 266 ; T. edulis, 266 ; T.
luchleri, 153 ; T. erythronioides, 266 ;
T, fragrans, 233 ; 1". gallica, 233 ; T.
Gesneriana, 11 ; T. Greigi, 153 ; T.
Hageri, 168; T. heterophylld, 266;
T. humihs, 233 ; T. iliensis, 153 ;
T. Kaufmanniana, 71 ; T. Kolpakows-
kyana, 600; T. Korolkowi, 12; T.
Krauseana, 266 ; T. Lownei, 234 ; T.
macrospeila, n ; T. maculata, 153 ; T.
orphanidea, 233 ; T. patens, 233 ; T.
platystigma. 12 ; T. primulina, 233 ;
T. pubescens, 153 ; T. pulchella, 169 ;
T. saxatilis, 168 ; T. strangulata, 71 ;
T. suaveolens. 71 ; T. sylvestris, 233 ;
T. tetraphylla, 12 ; T. ihianschamca.
266; T. ^turkestanica. 234; T. uni-
fiora, 266 ; T. violacea. 168
Tulip-i. the species of, 11, 71, 153, i58,
233, 266
Tupistra nutans, 759
Turner, Mr. Charles, portrait and memoir
of, 134
Turnips, 210
Tweedside, Roses on, 588
Tydceas at Chiswick, 438
Underground stems.
Unexhausted manure,
359
Urtica flabellata, 231
274
compensation for,
Valve, the Reliance rotary, 149
Vanda hastifera, 556 ; V. insignis var.
Schroederiana, 392 ; V. Lowii, 367,
530 ; V. Roxburghii var. Wrighliana,
262 ; V. Sanderiana, 402, 440, 465,
498, 530 ; V. suavis var. Schroederiana,
336 ; V. teres, 46, 78, 142 ; Mr.
Broome's specimen of, 272
Vanda teres, on the culture of, 14
Vanilla Pfaviana, 230
Variation, 445 ; in Nature, 598
Variegation, Ireaks of, 18
Vases, flower, notes on some new, 560
Vegetable, a new, 601
Vegetab'e crops, i8q
Vegetable Marrow, Pen-y-byd, 793
Vegetable products of Java, 394 ; of Siena,
Italy, 823
Vegetables and fruits, relation Jjetwecn
seeding and quality in certain, 50
Vegetables, on the culture of, for exhibi-
tion, 788 ; Christmas, 790
Vegetation of Australia, 390 ; of Brazil,
114 ; of the Isthmus of Panama, 652 ;
of Tulcan, the, 443 ; of the coal period,
403
Veitchia joannis, 205, 276
Veitch's, Messrs., nursery, 535
Ventilators, ridge, 819
Verbena pulchella, 276
Verbenas at Chiswick, 375
Veronica longifoha subsessilis, 341 ; V.
parviflora, 211 ; V. rupestris, 534 ; V.
Traversii, 625
V^cronicas, New Zealand, 376
Victoria regia, 506
Viguiera rigida, 211
Vine at Hampton Court, 304
Vine-leaf insects, 336
Vine soils, on the chemical composition
of, 182
Vines, American, 274
Vines, distance of from the glass, 72
Violet Marie Louise, 697, 728 ; White
Czar, 504
Violets, white, turning blue, 604
Virginia Water. 216
Volcano of Corazon, ascent of the, 244
Vriesia heliconoides, O25
W
Walker's. Mr., nursery at Thame, 558
Walks and edgings. 762
Wall tree cover, Fawke's improved, 300
Walnut, propagation of the, 114
Waltham Cross Nurseries, the, 427
Warscewiczella picta, 8
Wasp and bee stings. 507
Water supply of gardens, 5o5, 538
Watsonia rosea var. alba, 178
Weather aspects in November, 566
Weather, caprices of the, as illustrated
by the fruit crops, 215
W'eed. a pretty, 538
Weeds in New Zealand, 340
Weeds, Sir J. B. Lawes on, 308
Week, the, 630, 660, 694, 724, 757, 788
V/hin, double, flowerir.g in December,
787
Whisks, Mexican, 790
White Linseed, 727
Wildenovia teres, hort. = Restio sub-
verlicillalus 760, 790
Wilder, Hon.' Marshall P., 496
Wild flowers, 50 ; bouquets of, 244 ; on
double, 20, 53 ; on exhibiting at flower
shows, 80, 149, 208
VVilhelmshohe, notes from, 798
Winn's, Mr. C , Odontoglossums and
Masdevallias, 14
Winter-flowering plants. 726
Vv^inter garden, M. Dallic're's. 117
Wire structures for gardens, 438
Wood samples, 505
Woolhope Club fruit show, 572
Wormia Burbidgei, 83
Wright, Dr. E. P., presentation to, 758
Wulfenia carinthiaca, 309
XiPHiUM tingitanum, 632
Year, events of the, 3i6
Yeast fungi, 203
Yucca aloifolia variegata flowering, 141
Zenobia speciosa var. pulverulenta, 108
Zephyranthes macrosiphon, 373
Zermatt, notes from, 237, 268 ; the forests
of, 300
Zygadenus muscitoxicum and Z. Nuttalli,
625
Zygopetalum Burkei, 684 ; Z. forcipatum,
360
VI 1 1 The Gardeners' Chronicle,]
INDEX.
[December 29, 1883.
J-
1ST OF
J
LLUSTRATIONS.
Amianthemum muscsetoxicum, 41
Apples, choice varieties of, 433, 434, 435,
436
Apple, Court Pendu Plat, 405
Apple, Duchess of Oldenburg, showing
variations resulting from double graft-
ing, 665
Arizona, Cereus giganteus in, 265
Armeria cephalotes var, bracteata, 213
Asparagus, contrivance for bundling, 180
Athyrium bulbils and pseudobulbils, 783
Australian seed-vessels, 688
B
Banksia, inflorescence of, 688
Begonia Olbia, 720
Blue Spruce, 725
Botanic Garden, Capetown, Euphorbia
canariensis in the, 629
Bothies, new, at Ashby Lodge, 753
Box, the " Unique" tolding, 821
Brockhurst, views in the garden at, 77
Broomeia congregata, 373
Broxbournebury, a large Chestnut tree at,
469
Byturus tomentosus, 752
Caccinia glauca, 173
Caraguata sanguinea, 717
Carrot, spiral growth of, 728
Castle of Miramar, the, 529
Cattleya gigas Sanderiana, 401 ; C. Mos-
sise, 533 ; C. Warneri, 369
Cereus giganteus in Arizona, 265
Cestrum nocturnum, 757
Charleroi, plan of a garden near, 589
Chatsworth, the French garden at, 177
Chestnut tree, a large, at Broxbournebury,
469
Chiswick, the large vinery at, 425
Chrysanthemum corymbosum, 201
Convolvulus chrysorhizus{Kumara), tuber
of, 601
Corridor, the new, in the Royal Botanic
Society's Garden, 721
Corynocarpus lasvigatus, fruits of, 397
Crimean Pine, the, 785
Cypripedium Stonei, a monstrous, 73
DalliSre's, M., winter garden, plan of,
117
Dammara australis, 525
Date Palms at Elche, 17
Davallia Mariesii in grotesque forms, 461
Desmodium pendulifloruni=; Lespedeza
bicolor, 749
Ditton Park, the Peach wall at, 685
Dodwell, Mr. E. S., portrait of, 113
Doronicum plantagineum var. excelsum,
297
Doulton ware : illustrations of flower
vases, 560
Elche, plantation of Date Palms at, 17
Ensilage, a mould on, 781
Equisetum giganteum, 237
Erica Cavendishiana, specimen of grown
by Mr. G. Cole, 597
Eucalyptus, seed-vessels of, 464, 465
Euonymus japonicus variegatus, 793 ; E.
radicans, 793
Euphorbia canariensis in the Cape Town
Botanic Garden, 629
Fawke's improved wall tree cover, 301
Fences, slate and wire, 364
Ferns, Japanese, 461
Flower vases ; Doulton ware, 560
Folding box, a, 821
Franklandia biaristata, seed-vessel of,
689
French garden at Chatsworth, the, 177
Fuchsia exoniensis, 564
Fungi, parasitic, 625"
Garden in the Valley of the Meuse, plan
of a, 269
Gentiana ornata, 396
Gortyna appassionata, 656
Grafting, natural. Oak and Beech. 528
Grape packing for market, 53
Grevillea globosa, seed-vessel of, 689
Helleborus niger var. altifolius, 693
Hibberd, Mr. Shirley, portrait of, 395
Hoya, linearis var. sikkimensis, 8
Hyacinth-pot, a new, 505
Hybrid Raspberry, Mr. Culverwell's, 13
Instrument for gathering Nutmegs, 116
Ipomi^ea Thomsoniana, 817
Japanese Ferns, 461
Kew Palace and the Seven Sisters, ^yj
Kew, the lake in the pleasure-grounds at,
789
Kuraara tuber, the, 601
Labels, new, for plants, 633, 820
Lselia purpurata, 533
Leelia Veitchianax. See Supplement,
August 4
Lespedeza bicolor as Desmodium pendu-
liflorum, 749
Lettuce, a fasciated, 249
Lettuce disease, the fungus of, 600
M
Masdevallia Garden, 181
Maurandya erubescens, 501
Medinilla Curtisii, 621
Melaleuca decussata, seed vessels of, 688
Mimulus radicans, 21
Miramar. the Castle of, 529
Moth, the Sarracenia, 656
Mould on ensilage, 781
N
Nerine sarniense, a transfixed bulb of,
497
Notospartium Carmichaelice, 169
Nuphar advena, 557
Nutmegs, instrument for gathering, 116
Oak and Beech, natural grafting, 528
Oncidium candidum, floral details of, 233
Orchid pan, Sander's, 85
Peach-wall at Ditton Park, the, 685
Pear Beurrii Bosc, 405 ; Easter Beurr^,
410 ; Jersey Gratioli, 509 ; Triomphe
de Tournai, 761 ; Urbaniste, 509
Pear, a graft hybrid, 569
Pear wall in the Orchard Lane Fruit
Garden, 813
Peloria of Tetramicra bicolor, 20
Pentstemon labrosus, 537
Peronospora gangUoniformis, 600 ; P.
infcstans, spores of, on a Potato, 729 ;
P. parasitica, 625
Peziza postuma, 333
Phacelia campanularia, 135
Picea pungens, 725
Pinus Laricio var. PalJasiana, 785
Pinus monophylla, young and adult fo-
liage of, 44
Pinus Pinea, showing two forms of fo-
liage, 45
Plagiolirion Horsmanni, 105
Plan of a garden near Charleroi, 589 ; in
the Valley of the Meuse, 269
Potato disease, 333
Potato perforated by Couch-grass, 496
Pyms pinnatifida, 493
Queen of Queens Rose, 209
Raspberry, Mr. Culverwell's hybrid, 13
Raspberry grub, the, 752
Regent's Park, refreshment paviUon in,
593
Reliance rotary valve, the, 149
Renanthera Lowi as flowered at Ferriferes,
656
Rhododendron, a hardy hybrid, 329
Rhododendron Nuttalli, 49
Rodgersia podophylla, 141
Rose, a proliferous, 283
Rose, the Queen of Queens, 209
Rose cutting, a, 300
Royal Botanic Society's new corridor, 721
Salix triandra, 308
Sander's Orchid pan, 85
Sarcopodium Dearei, 108
Sarracenia moth, the, 656
Seed-vessels of Eucalyptus, 464, 465
Serapias cordigera, 341
Slate and wire fences, 364
Spiral growth of Carrot, 728
Spruce, the blue, 725
Statice Suwarowi, 393
Straw ties lor trees, 653
Syagrus botryophora in the Capetown
Botanic Garden, 661
Tetramicra bicolor, peloria of, 20
Tomato, a malformed, 504
Trees, straw ties for, 653
Tropseolum polyphyllum, 241
Tropceolum roots, 309
Tuber of the Kumara, 601
Turner, Mr. Charles, portrait of, 145
Valve, the Reliance rotary, 149
Vanda Sanderiana, 440, 441
Vanda teres, Mr. Broome's specimen of.
273
Veitchia Joannis, 205
Vinery, the large, at Chiswick, 425
W
Wall-tree cover, Fawke's improved, 301
Winter garden, plan of M. Dallifere's, 117
Xylomelum pyriforme, seed-vessel of,
Zenobia speciosa var. pulverulenta, 109
THE
■^1
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
€0tal)Ufii)eti 1841.
No. 497.— Vol. XX. {sS^.ks.} SATURDAY, JULY 7, 1883.
1 Registered at the General ? Prico 6d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. j"posT.FREE, sJrf.
CONTENTS.
Arnica moDtana ..
Bloomeria amea, &c.
Botanical meetiogs
Books noticed
Buckinghamshire gar-
den, a
Camellias, late flowering. .
Cherries at Richmond
Chiswick gardens . .
Colonial notes
Comparetlia falcata
Corn Exchange Rose Show
Cypripedium Curtisii
Dictamnus Fraxinella
Epidendrum ionocentrum
Figs, the failing of
Flowers, hardy, at Gras-
mere
Floral gum. French
1< tower garden, the
Flowers in season . .
Forestry
Fruit packing
Fruit crops
Freaks of variegation
Gardeners* Royal Benevo-
lent Institution . .
Clasgow. notes around . .
Grape cultivation in Jersey
Herbaceous border, the . .
Hoya linearis var. sikkim-
ensis
Hybrids
Kitchen garden, the
Liliums in flower
Melons and Cucumbers .
Nepenthes, Mr. Ratcliff
Otiontoglossums, Mr
Winn's
Onions, thinning . .
Orchids, Mr. Chamber
Iain's
Orchid notes
Paul & Son's hardy plant
nursery .,
Peas, early . .
Peaches and Nectarines
Plants and their culture
Plants of Skakespeare
Plants, new garden
Rhododendron punctatum
Societies : —
National Rose . .
Richmond Horticultural
Tetramicera bicolor
Tulipa, the species of
Vanda teres
Warscewiczella picia
Weather, the
Wild flowers, double
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Date Palms at Elche ,. 17
Hoya linearis var. sikkimensis .. .. 8
Mimulus radicans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Peloria of Tetramicera bicolor 20
Raspberry hybrid, a • ■ ^3
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
J^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
J- IN AMERICA.
The Subscription to America, iDcluding PostaRe, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.
Agent for America ;— C. H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.
OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Ken.sington. S.W.
NOTICE ! — COMMITTEES' MEETINGS, Fruit and
Floral, at 11 am. : Scientific at i p.m. : General Meeting, for
the Election of Fellows, &c., at 3 p m. on TUESDAY NEXT,
July 10. Fifth Promenade Show and Band, from 4 o'clock. Ad-
mission !£., which includes entrance to the Fisheries Exhibition.
LEE, BLACKHEATH, and LEWISHAM
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL EXHIBITION, will, by kind permission,
be held in the grounds of Mrs. Penn, The Cedars, Lee, on
JULY II and 12. All particulars may be obtained of
5, Boones Road, Lee, S.E. Mr. C. HELMER, Sec.
ULL BOTANIC GARDENS'
HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION, on WEDNES-
DAY. THURSDAY, and FRIDAY, July 11, 12, and 13. For
Schedules and particulars apply to
PHILIP MacMAHON, Curator and Secretary.
Botanic Gardens, Hull.
ROYAL MANCHESTERandNORTHERN
COUNTIES BOTANICAL and HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.— A GRAND ROSEand STRAWBERRY SHOW
will be held in the Gardens. Old Trafford, on SATURDAY,
July 21. For Schedules apply to the undersigned,
BRUCE FINDLAY, Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester.
Business Notice.
T ROBERT TAIT, sole surviving Partner
-L) of the firm of Dickson, Brown & Tait, Seed Mer-
chants, 43 and 45. Corporation Strcftt. Manchester, hi.ve this
day TAKEN INTO PARTNERSHIP. Mr. ARTHUR
TESTER (who has been employed with the firm over 22 years),
and Mr. DAVID FLEMING (who has been employed with the
firm 10 years); and the said business will in future, as heretofore,
be conducted under the old designation of DICKSON,
BROWN AND TAIT.— July 2, 1883.
MRS. DEAN'S CASE.— Mrs. Dean desires
to express her deepest gratitude to the Subscribers who
have so kindly assisted her.
COLEUS VERSCHAFFELTI, strong plants,
from single pots, loi. per 100. IRESINE LlNDENI,
WALLISI, and HERBSTf, strong plants, from single pots,
^s. ed. per 100. ECHEVERIA SECUNDA GLAUCA,
strong plants, from single pots, ys. 6d. per 100.
WILLIAM POTTEN, Camden Nursery, Sissinghurst,
Staplehurst, Kent.
CATALOGUE, new and descriptive. — Alpines
and Hardy Perennials, comprising aooo species. Post-free
on application.- STANSFIELD BROTHERS, Southpoit.
JULY IN THE FLOWER GARDEN.
ARTERS' FIRST PRIZE CALCEO-
LARIA.— Highest award Royal Botanic Society, May
i6, 1-883. f'irst Prize Crystal Palace, May ig, 1883.— Silver
Medal Royal Horticultural Society, May 22, 1883. A customer
writes : — *' I have grown many strains, but Carters' is the
finest. Out of sixty plants fifly-one were distinct."
Price, IS. 6d., -zs. td. and 3J. 6d. per packet, post-free.
ARTERS' FIRST PRIZE CINERARIA.—
Again awarded the Highest Prizes of the year.— A
Customer writes: — "My gardener has taken ist Prize with
Carters' stram the last two years, and is certain of the ist Prize
again this year." — C. S. King, Esq.
Price, IS. 6d., 3S. 6d. and 31. 6d. per packet, post-free.
C^LEMATIS COCCINEA.— Rich Coral-red
V^ flowers, 1% inch long and 1 inch in diameter, perfectly
hardy. This is an American vaiiety, which reaches us with a
great reputation. Price is., is. 6d., and 2s. 6d. each, from
CARTERS. Trade price per dozen and 100 on application.
CARTERS, the Queen's Seedsmen, and by
Royal Command to H. R H. the Prince of Wales.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C.
UBEROUS BEGONIAS.— Six fine strong
tubers, now starting into growth, of our unrivalled strain,
post-free for 31. Useful for Conservatory or Bedding. CATA-
LOGUES free.
JOHN LAING AND CO., Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer GLADIOLI, DAHLIAS, single and double ;
PVRETHRUMS, single and double ; PHLOXES and TEA
ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growbrs, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
RH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials.
Post.free on applications.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
TEA ROSES, fine plants, in 5-inch pots,
Mar^chal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others, 50s. per 100.
BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-inch pots, best
kinds, including Alfred Neuner. price 401. per 100.
W. JACKSON, Blalcedown, near Kidderminster.
FOR SALE, about 22 Acres'oTB^ED MAN'S
BLUE IMPERIAL PEA, a splendid crop, within jmiles
of the London and North- Western Railway Station. Apply to
Mr. JOHN BONNETT, Combetton, Cambs.
Rape Seed.— Mustard Seed.
HARLES SHARPE AND CO.
have the above to offer. Samples and prices on appUca-
iion. Sleaford. — July. 1883.
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS, from twenty
choice varieties. Price LIST on application. Sample box
of plants with fruit, ^d. " Manual on Strawberry Culture," 6<f.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.
ANTED, the ADDRESS of— GLOVER,
at one time with Shaw, Florist, Leeds.
A. B. C, Mrs. Hudd, 24. Edge Street. Silver Street, Notting
Hill, London, W.
ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
ANTED, Purple and White Dog's-tooth
VIOLETS and Feathered HYACINTHS.
W. HOPWOOD AND SON, Cheltenham.
WANTED, best dark Mari^chal Niel and
other CUT ROSES; also EUCHARIS, STEPHA-
NOTIS, GARDENIAS, ORCHIDS, &c. ; also English grown
PEACHES, GRAPES, NECTARINE.S, and MELONS.
Best possible market price by return. Can also do with good
well furnished plants of PALMS, DRAC/tNAS, CALA-
DIUMS, CROTONS, and Maidenhair FERN. For plants,
please state particulars before sending.
JOHN L. SMITH, Wholesale and Retail Florist and
Fruiterer, Talbot Square, Blackpool.
WANTED, a supply every week of several
hundreds of good formed outside ROSE BUDS,
bright red and dark ; samples with price. Also a great quantity
of Hardfrmdsof ADIANTUM CUNEATUM.
GEO. W. JUBB, Florist. College Road, Leeds.
ANTED, well-grown PALMS, 14 to 2 feet.
Also NEPHROLEPIS or other similar FERNS,
same size, for furnishing.
E. COOLING. Derby.
WANTED, PEACHES, NECTARINES,
MELONS, CUCUMBERS, TOMATOS, &c. Also
Mar&hal Niel ROSES. EUCHARIS, STEPHANOTIS,
GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES, ORCHIDS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden.
c
For Sowing In July.
SUTTONS' CALCEOLARIA. THE BEST.
From Mr. J. Darbyshire, Gardener to W. Smith. Esq.,
Wilmslow, May i6, 1883.—" 1 got First Prize with your Per-
fection Calceolarias at the Botanic Show on Friday. They are
really splendid. 3 feet through, and well marked."
Price, I J. 6d., as. 6d. and 5*. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' CINERARIA. THE BEST.
From Mr. H. K. Ward. Gardener to W. H. Budgett,
Esq., Stoke Bishop, April 2, 1883. — " Your Cineraria is the best
strain I have yet seen. I have taken the Premier Prize with
them three years in succession. Your strain took the First
Prize against fourteen or fifteen competitors, and a finer half-
dozen plants could scarcely be got together."
Price, IS, 6d., zs. 6d., and 55. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' primula! THE BEST.
From F. J. Walker, Esq., The Priory, Bath, Jan. 3.
1883.—" I took First Prize for Primulas at the Bath Chrysan-
themam and Primula Show from the seed you supplied us with
last year. There was a great competuion- Your strain cannot
be surpassed."
Price, IS, 6d.y 21. 6d., ^s. td., and $s. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' BEGONIA. THE BEST.
"The Begonias are perfection. I have a small con-
servatory entirely filled with them, which are the admiration of
all my friends." — J, Darlington, Esq , Netherwood.
Price, IS., is. Cd.^ us. 6d., and 5^. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' GLOXINIA. THE BEST.
From Miss Dunsterville, Airdie, Malvern Link, Feb. 3,
1883.—" The Gloxinia seed has produced the finest blooms I
have ever seen even in (he Crystal Palace Show."
Pnce, ss. 6d. and 5s. per packet, post-free.
U T T O N AND SONS,
The Queen's Sesdsmen, READING, BERKS.
s
W^OR
PRESENT
SOWING.
WEBB'S NEW PRIMULAS.— The finest
Strains in cultivation — ^From Mr. Thos, Dell, Head Gar-
dener to theRt. Hon. Earl of Dartmouth. — '" The Primulas were
very good, some of them beautifully fringed flowers, and very
rich in colour ; the foliage was really splendid."
Webb's PURITY, us. td. and ss. per packet.
Webb's SCARLET EMPEROR, 2s. 6d. and 5^. per packet.
Webb's ROSY MORN. 2s. 6d. per packet.
.Webb's EXQUISITE (mixed), is. 6d. and ss. 6d. per packet,
post-free.
EBB'S SUPERB CALCEOLARIA.—
Unequalled.— From Mr. H. Weaving, Dothill Park
Gardens. — " Your Calceolaria seed produced the finest blooms
I have ever grown, some of them measuring 2^ inches by i^
inch."
Price IS. 6d., us. 6d., and SJ. per packet, post-free.
WEBB'S SUPERB CINERARIA.— The
Best. — From Mr. Chas. Clark, Head Gardener to
W. Bickford- Smith. Esq., Trevamo. — '■ I have some first-rate
Cinerarias, the largest blooms (some of them) I ever saw ; they
are a very good strain indeed."
Price is 6d., 2S. td. and 5^. per packet, post-free.
w
w
EBB'S CYCLAMEN, GLOXINIA,
Double CINERARIA, and BEGONIA.
Price, each, as. 6d. per packet, post-free.
EBB AND SONS, The Queen's
Seedsmen, Wordsley, Stourbridge.
CREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Tea Roses-Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Koses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER. The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
To the Trade only.-lO.OOO Maidenhair Ferns.
MESSRS. PERKINS and SONS are now
offering a very fine lot of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM,
in 72's, at 20s. per 100. Sample plant per post (to intending
putchasers) sent on application. 1,1. per joo package.
Warwick Road and Park Nurseries, Coventry.
ORCHIDS. — We invite intending purchasers
to pay us a visit and inspect our houses.
The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
YUCCA GLORIOSA VARIEGATA, —
Several fine Plants of this noble Yucca for Sale, from
One to Four Guineas each,
EDWARD MORSE, Nurseries, Epsom.
SINGLE S N O W D R O P S.
Sample and Price on application to
R. B. LAIRD AND SONS (late Downie St. Laird), Nvirsery-
men and Seedsmen, 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.
Hyacinths, TuUpa, Crocus, See., cultivated by
BJ. LOMANS, Haarlem, Holland.
• Wholesale CATALOGUE (English edition) for i83j
is now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on application.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 7, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Tuesday Next.
A grand importation of ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLA-
RIUM. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM, the best type ;
ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI, CATTLEYA
AUREA, C. GIGAS, MASDEVALLIA HARRYANA,
M. MACRURA, excecdinaly rare; M. TROCHILUS,
and EUCHARIS CANDIDA, tiue ; all in the best pos-
sible condition. By order of Messrs C. Shuttleworth, Carder
& Co. Also several small consignments of ORCHIDS,
including some very fine masses of Kpidendrum hicornulum ;
FLOWERING ORCHIDS, ORCHID BASKETS, &c.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.G., on TUESDAY
NEXT, at half-past iz o'clock precisely.
View morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8, New
Broad Street, E.C.
Friday Next.
L^LIA PURPUR ATA. —Large direct consiRnment.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions from Mr. A. Wells to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, without
reserve, on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'Clock. pre-
cisely, a very large and unusually healthy consignment of
LjELIA PURPUKATA, collected by Mr. Wells in the Brazils.
The condition is all that could be desired, the plants having
green leaves and thick stout bulbs. The masses are enormous,
and. in fact, the whole are exceptionally fine.
May be viewed at the Rooms three days previous to the Sale,
and Catalogues had.
Friday Next.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX/iNDR^, very finest type.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to include
in their SALE, at their Rooms, on FRIDAY NEXT, a very
Bne consignment of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA,
finest type ; and other ORCHIDS.
View morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Important Sale of EstaWlelied OrcUds.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received
instrucLions from Mr. H. R. Wright, in consequence of
the death of his brother, Mr. G. Wright, to SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden,
W.C, on TUESDAY, July 10, at half-past 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely, the third portion of this valuable and extensive COL-
LECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising,
amongst many others, the following well-known species ;-
Masdevallias, including many
grand varieties of Harryana
Lailia anceps
Ccelogyne cristata, fine plants,
from 10 inches to 4 feet
across
Cattleyas, in variety
Pilumna fragrans
Trichopilia nobilis
Odontoglossums, of sorts, in^
eluding many fine plants of
O. Alexandrae (finest types);
O. pulchellum majus, and
most of the best varieties
Cypripedium niveum
Cymbidium eburneum
Phala;nopsis Luddemanniana,
good specimens
Vanda ccerulea. fine masses
PLEIONE LAGENARIA and P. WALLICHIANA, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
VERY VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS.
SACCOLABIUM PR.EMORSUM.
VANDA CATHCARTII.
ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM ROGERSI.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, by order of Mr. F. Sander, at his Great Rooms. .
38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY
NEXT, July 12, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a very won-
derful importation of SACCOLABIUM PR^MORSUM, in
masses and health such as never seen before, also a small but
very healthy importation of Vanda Cathcartii, and an extremely
grand lot of ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM ROGERSI. true ;
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, VANDA TERES,
AERIDESand CATTLEYAS. ODONTOGLOSSUM VEX-
ILLARIUM, MASDEVALLIAS, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ROEZLII, nine Cases received direct.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXr,
July 12.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
LAPAGERIAS ALBA, RUBRA, and ROSEUM.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE
by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, July 12, about
Fifty strong plants of the above.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
The Small Collection of Orchids
formed by the late William Hall, Esq., of Favershani.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the
above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms.
38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on WEDNESDAY,
July 18. Further particulars in next advertisement.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
WANTED, a Small FLORIST'S or
NURSERY BUSINESS. Strict inquiry. Full par-
ticulars to
HORTUS. Post Office, Stratford-on-Avon.
Investment.— Important to Orciiid Growers.
15 miles from London.
FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked
HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS-proprietor wishing
to devote his whole time to another Business in which he is
engaged. Capital opening for growing Orchids. Apply to
Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, S, New Broad
Street, E.G.— (Folio 5865.)
OR SALE, SIDCUP HILL NURSERY,
Foot's Cray, Kent. Established over fifty years, and
widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of
the death (without issue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim, the Stock,
LeaseSj Business Structures, S:c., of this Nursery are to be
immediately disposed of.
For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the above address.
FORSALE.athoroughlygenuineNURSERY,
SEED, FLORIST. LANDSCAPE GARDENING,
and JOBBING BUSINESS. London, West. Present owner
retiring. Two Nurseries (one of which is held on an unexpired
lease of 26 years) at the low rental, together, of £fis per annum.
The returns are ;£4ooo per annum. Books open for mspection.
Price /2500 (or open to an offer), including Lease, Goodwill,
Greenhouses, Seed Shops, Sheds, Stabling, Horses, Vans, Carts,
the immense and varied Nursery and Indoor Stock, and every-
thing complete.
Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New
Broad Street, London, E.C.
FOR SALE, a NURSERY GARDEN, at
Redhill, Surrey, with Shop fronting in a main street.
Nineteen years' lease to run, at a rental of £1^. Price for Lease
and Stock, ^100.
Address, in first instance, W. 5., 44, King William Street, E.C.
FOR SALE, a compact and prettily situated
NURSERY, SEEDSMAN and FLORIST'S BUSI-
NESS, London, S.W. Seven Glass-houses, all Heated. Good
Eight-roomed Dwelling-house attached. Opportunity rarely
met with. Satisfactory reasons for selling.
Apply, A. B., 32, Great Portland Street, London, W.
TO BE SOLD, a HORTICULTURAL
BUSINESS ; 20 years lease, Stock (at valuation), and
Goodwill. Area one acre. Six specially built Orchid Houses.
Rent only ^20. Trade can be greatly pushed and extended.
Situation, in Kent, about 15 miles from town. Capital required,
,£5000. For particulars apply to
NORRIS AND CO., Land Agents, &c., i, Uxbridge Road,
Shepherd's Bush, W.
To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, Florists, and Others.
TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession, in
one of the Principal Towns in the County of Monmouth,
a GENUINE FIRST-CLASS BUSINESS, which has been
very successfully carried on since 1854 by the present Proprietor,
who is now retiring on account of ill-health
The Premises, having a frontage to the Main Road, comprise
Double-front Shop, large and convenient Dwelling House,
NURSERY (about 2j^ acres) laid out fully with a General
Nurseryman's Stock, Greenhouse, Cucumber House, Stove and
Fernery, Potting Sheds, &c.
As the Premises belong to the present Proprietor a long Lease
can be arranged.
For full particulars as to Rent, Price of Stock, Goodwill, &c ,
apply to J. R. RICHARDS, Pembroke Road. Southville,
Bristol.
Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed
BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
8, New Broad Street. E.C.
"DROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horti-
J- CULTURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers
and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.
Primulas — Primulas — Primulas.
Fourteenth Year of Distribution.
WILLIAMS' SUPERB STRAIN,
li. 6tf. per dozen, lor. per 100.
CINERARIAS same price. Package and carriage free.
The above are quite equal to those I have sent out in previous
years. Cash with order.
JOHN STEVENS. The Nurseries, Coventry.
"pAUL AND SON'S ROSES. —These are
J- now superbly in flower, finer than for many years, indeed
equal to the finest years. 1876 to 1878. The blooming plants
exceed zoo.cod, and form the finest display of Roses anywhere
near London.
The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herts.
One mile Irom Cheshunt Station, G.E.R.
EIGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from 12;. to 241. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
Hyacinths, Tulips. Crocus. Lilies, &c.
CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready and
may be had on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS of beautiful
Strains, at \s. td. per dozen, icj. per 100, post-free.
TUBEROUS BEGONIAS, named, 6s. per dozen.
FUCHSIAS, named, 12 in 12 sorts, -zs. ; 100 in 50 sorts, from
single pots, nr.
CHEAP PLANTS. —Wallflowers. Canterbury Bells, Sweet
Williams, Polyanthus, Primroses — good seedlings, Zd.
per dozen, 50 for ^s, ; 100 for 3^. dd,
IVY, 12 beautiful varieties, for covering walls, boxes, &c.,
strong plants, 6^.
HONEYSUCKLES, CLEMATIS, in fine named sorts, 9^. per
dozen, good plants.
PENTSTEMONS, PHLOXES, and PYRETHRUMS. for
display this summer, 12 roots of each, strong (not Postal
scraps), all named, lof. td. ; half number, &r.
COLEUS, LANTANAS. ABUTILONS, BEGONIAS,
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, for pot culture, all named
and strongly rooted, -zs. ^d. per dozen, post-free.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.— Plant now and avoid losses, as
the plants will be wall established before winter, and
secure good blooms for next season : 12 in 12 sorts,
3^. 6d. ; 50 in 50 sorts, 12s. 6d. ; 100 in 100 varieties, 24^.
FERNS. — 12 beautiful kinds, for cool greenhouse, distinct,
post' free, 5^.
SPLENDID DAHLIAS, Show, Fancy, or Bouquet, 2^. 6d.
per dozen, all named.
GERANIUMS— Double, Single, or Ivy-leaf— for pot culture,
12 distinct and fine varieties, post-free, 4^., admirable
for winter bloom.
WM. CLIBRAN and SONS, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
8PYER8' MEMORIAL FUND.
See Gardeiiers' Chronicle^ June 9, and TJie Garden^ June 9.
Committee.
William Lee. Esq., Downside, Leatherhead.
R. P. Percival, Esq., Clevelands, Birkdale, Southport.
J. T. Peacock, Esq., Sudbury House, Hammersmith, W.
Dr. Palerson. Bridge of Allan.
Mr. Harry Veitch, Royal Exotic Nursery. Chelsea, S.W.
Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria Nursery, Holloway, N.
Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans.
Mr. W. Thomson, Clovenfords.
F. A. Philbrick, Esq., Oldfield, Bickley, Kent.
W. E. Brymer, Esq., M.P., 8. St. James' Street, S.W.
Mr. James, Norwood.
1 reasurer.—ViT. Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S., the Ga?-(f^«^M'
Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
Secretary,-~yix. James O'Brien, Harrow-on-the-Hill, to whcm
all communications should be addressed.
Subscriptions since those acknowledged June 23.
Mr. Dominy, Chelsea ^t i o
Mr. Isaac Hill, The Gardens. Poles, Ware .. .. i i o
Mr. T. Willianii. Mr. Wright's Orchid Grower ..050
Mr. Woolford. The Gardens, Downside, Leatherhead i j o
Mr. H. Appleby, Box Hill Nursery, Dorking.. ..220
Mr. Roberts, The Gardens, Gunnersbury Park .. i i o
Rev. L. R, Flood, Dorking o 10 o
C. Cuthell, Esq. , Dorking iio
FOR SALE, a Pair of grand old AGAVE
AMERICANA. 7 feet high, in iion-bound tubs, also one
smaller, variegated. For particulars, address
Mr. EDWARDS, Elm House, The Chase, Clapham
Common, London, S.W.
Gardenias.
MESSRS. JOHN STANDISH and CO.'S
Stock of GARDENIAS was never so extensive or good
as it is this season. They have thousands of plants to select
from, in all sizes, from fine specimens in 18-inch pots to small
plants in 60 's. All clean and healthy, and to a large extent
well set with buds for winter flowering. Very reasonable
Prices will be quoted on application.
Royal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks.
~\ M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK
■^^^ • bees to offer strong plants of
ALISMA NATANS.
For description, see Gardeners' Chronicle of June 23, 1883.
Prices on application.
Tottenham Nurserien, Dedemsvaart, nearZwolle, Netherlands,
Notice.— Inspection Invited,
fJlHOMAS S. WARE
has much pleasure in informing his numerous patrons and
all others interested in HARDY PLANTS, that a large portion
of his Collection is now in flower, including the following : —
PINKS, a grand collection, including Mrs. Sinkins, the
finest white ever sent out ; PICOTEES and CARNATIONS,
including Gloire de Nancy, and all of the best leading varieties ;
grand collections of PENTSTEMONS, POTENTILLAS,
and DELPHINIUMS. LILIUMS are in fine condition-
thousands of such grand varieties as colchicum, pomponium
verum, pardalinum, pumilum, Humboldtii, Parryi, californicum,
parvum, giganteum, pardalinum, Washingtonianum, and many
others, are either in full bloom or will be in a few days ; as well
as many other BULBOUS PLANTS, CYPRIPEDIUM
SPECTABILE. ORCHIS HIRCINA, O. FOLIOSA, and
a host of other first-class HARDY PLANTS and BULBS.
Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, London.
For Early Flowering in Spring, Sow now
OEMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES
— the following distinct varieties, true to name : —
R
Perlb.-oz.
s.d.
30 2 6
34 3 o
Autikel and bronze
colours
Azure-blue
Baron de Rothschild.. 36 2 6
Blackish-brown shaded
gold-bronze.. ■ ■ 3'^ 26
Brown-red
Dark blue . . . . 30 2 6
Dark mahogany, mar-
gined white - . 36 30
Dark mahogany, mar-
gined yellow . . 36 30
Doctor Faust, or King
of the Blacks . . 36 30
Emperor William ..30 26
Golden-yellow ..28 26
Lac - red, margined
yellow . . . . 30 2 6
Light blue .. .. 28 2 6
Lord B'eaconsfield ..46 40
Purple, margined
white .. ..34 30
Perlb.-cz.
f. s.d.
Quadricolor, very
beautiful .. . . 30 2 6
Odier, or Prize Blotch-
ed, very fine and
large flowering, per
J- _ _ packet, dd. .. .. — no
28 2' 6 Improved striped, per
packet, 4d. .. . . 54 50
Rubra, a dwarf variety — 26
Snow Queen, satiny-
white .. . . 36 3 o
Violet, bordered white 30 a 6
White, violet eyes . . 34 30
Fancy, choicest mixed,
from named flowers,
per packet, 6d. . . 86 80
Show, choicest mixed,
from named flowers,
per packet, 6d. . . 54 5 o
Splendid mixed, 3^/.
per packet of each
variety .. .. 2S 36
ROEMER'S GIGANTIC-FLOWERED PRIZE VARIE-
TIES, remarkable for the large flowers they produce: looo
seeds. Ss, per packet, i.r. ; carefully saved from named
Exhibition flowers, highly recommended, 1000 seeds, 2J. ;
per packet, td.
Assortment of 18 splendid varieties, each one packet, 25. 6if.
My Pansies give full satisfaction to all my honourable Cus-
tomers and 1st Prizes awarded wherever exhibited.
Full TRADE CATALOGUE, post-free, on application.
FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany.
To the Trade.
ROSES ON OWN ROOTS,
GLOIRE DE DIJON, ISABELLA SPRUNT,
RfiVE D'OR, &c.
£t. per 100 for cash, carefully packed, out of 4j^-inch pots.
MAIRIS and CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
NOTICE.— Intending planters should visit
our Nurseries. Many thousand Standard and Dwarf
ROSES are now in bloom. FRUIT TREES in great variety,
in full bearing. Now is the best time to select ORNAt
MENTAL TREES and SHRUBS for autumn planting.
150 acres of Nursery Stock in fine condition.
H. LANE and SON, The Nurseries, Berkamsted, Herts.
J0LY 7. i883.]
THE G.'IRDRNRRS' CHRONICLE.
D A N I E L S'
WHITE ELEPHANT TRIPOLI.
The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference.
Seed, with complete Cultural Directions,
15. fid. per packet, post-free.
Daniels Bros. (
Seed Growers and
mporters
), Norwich.
SEEDS,
VEGETABLE, FLOWER
AND
FARM,
The BEST procurable,
at the Lowest Prices consistent with
GENUINENESS.
ILLUSTRATED DESCBIFTnTE LIST on appUcatlon.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
^ g». Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS of MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Foimded in 1784.
ADDRESS :—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from iZs. to 36s. per dozen.
These World-famed HOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FEKNS
and SELAGINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price (id.) contains much useful information as well as " Hints
on Fern Culture." SPECIAL LISTS issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may he had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTDML COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston, near Liverpool.
and Sold by i/utn and all Nurserytnen and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on
application ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from
letters received by the Company from those who have used the
manure,
OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. per
bag, including bag. Truck-load, 25^., free on rail, Ux-
bridge, G.W.R. Order accompanied by remittance will insure
prompt attention.
J. H. VAVASSEUR and CO., Cocoa-Nut Fibre MUls,
Uxbridge, Middlesex.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,
4rf. per bushel ; loo for 25J. ; truck (loose, about a tons],
4ar. ; 4.bushul bags, ^d. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5«. 6rf. per sack;
5 sacks, 25J. ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, s'- per sack, s sacks 2M. ; sacks,
4rf. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, is. gd. per bushel; 151. per half
ton, 26i. per ton ; in 2 bushel bags, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, II. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8j. dd. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Free
Price LIST.-H, G. SMYTH, 21. Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
OCOA NUT fibre" REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
and I rincipai Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. ^d. each,
or IS sacks, i8i. ; 30 sacks, £,1 5J., sacks included. Truck-
load, loose, 35J. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to
rail. Post-office order or cheque with all orders will obhge.
Established 1872.— J. STEVENS AND CO., "Greyhound"
Yard, and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free b; post, 12 stamps,
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids,
Stove Plants, &c., £6 6j. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,
for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15J.
per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s. ; 5 Bags, 22s. 6d. ; 10 Bags,
45i. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, los. 6</. per Bag.
SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine. 521. per Truck of 4 tons.
Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, /s per Truck of 4 tons.
GRAVEL, good colour, 25J. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants,
Silver medal-isoi. Bronze Heoal-isbi.
To His
Royal
Highness
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Absolutely Pure. Free from any
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '' Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following ;— From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1S83. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Borderijig to Flower Beds. Combines ivarmth
and cleanliness ivith valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
\s.td. each; 10 sacks, 13J. ; 15 sacks, i8j. ; zo sacks, 23i. ;
30 sacks. 3ar. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, {,2.
Limited quantities of P. M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, is. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory, — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention {in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, CHDBB, BOUND & CO.,
Fibre Works. West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London, E.
MYOCOM
Is. ^-^-^-:J^
A STRING, Straw, or Twig, slightly covered
with this preparation (non-poisonous), and suspended from
the ceiling, will keep any place entirely free from FLIES,
WASPS, GNATS, &c. " It is most efficacious, and catches
even wasps."— A, Ainslie. " The most perfect Fly-catcher he
has ever used."— Admiral Saumarez. " The first tin caught
over 500 flies in haIf-an-hour."—T. C.Taylor. Mrs. Walton's
servants are delighted with it. Gardeners supplied on IV/iole-
sale terms. Of all Chemists, in Is. Tins, or by post for Is. 2d.
from T. CHRISTY & CO., 155. Fenchurcti Street, E.C.
Amortiser.— Amortiser.— Amortiser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly,
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the roost delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watering the Ground which
Instantly Destroys Slugs. Wireworms. Caterpillars, Grubs, &c.
When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample
Cans, 4'^ gallons, 3J. 6(^., tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, loam, silver SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality equal to any in llie Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . . . 4J. fid. per sack.
,, best black fibrous .. .. .. 3s. 6d. „
,, extra selected Orchid .. .. 53. od. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. .."J
PREPARED COMPOST, best .. (11. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. ..[ included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) . .. 11. 3./. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, be.st only .. .. io</. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported. . id. per lb.,a8 lb. 181.
,, PAPER, finest imported .. .. loi. per lb., a8 lb. 211.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisem«nt).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
west ferry road, millwall,
LONDON, E.
pb U NCE'S BLIGHT KILLER, in addi-
-*- tion to keeping all Plants Clean and free from Fly,
Mealy-bug, Thrips, American Blight, &c,, drives Moles from
ground watered with it. Price is. per bottle (to make lo
gallons), 5^. per gallon. Wholesale and Retail of
POUNCE AND SONS, 18. Westbourne Grove, London, W.
SOLUBLE FIR TREE OIL insecticide.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and
Blight. Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a
good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d.,
as. 6d., 4s. 6d. a bottle. Per gallon 12s. 6d., or less in larger
quantities. Maker. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale
Druggists. New York : Rolker & Sons.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides
and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame-
rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale,
&c., and for Washing all Hard-
Wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S SOAP
A I lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonial.
" Colon Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES AND CO."
B.EMABKABLE DISAFFEABANCE !
of all DIRT from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTBACT OF SOAP.
p ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
V-T of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, ThripB, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, is., ■is.,8i.ios.6d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, 6d.
and IS. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited). London.^ ^
FLORAL G U M.
This Gum is guaranteed to effectually secure the petals
of flowers Irom falling. It is easily applied — dries
instantaneously— and leaves no stain on the blossom.
Universally approz'ed of by the leading Florists and Grozvers.
{See Tesdinonials.)
*' 18, WestbourQe Grove, W., June i8, 1883.
" Gentlemen,— We have much pleasure in testifying to the
excellence of your Floral Gum, which we have used for some
years. It fixes the petals of flowers without injuring or staining
Ihem.— Yours faithfully, ., j^g jj pQUNCE AND SONS."
" Messrs. Hawes & Ceisp."
CRYSTAL GUM . . as. od. pint. 3s. 6d. quart. 12s. gallon
OPAQUE ,, .. js.6d. ,, 2S. gd. ,, loj. ,,
Sample Bottle of either kind sent post-free for is. 3d. in stamps.
HAWES & CRISP,
ro3, i°5. ro7, QUEEN'S ROAD, BAYSWATER, W.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds.
Yorkshire.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 7, 1883.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C.
.^^_— ■ — "-^
-^
W H LASCELLES and CO w 11 give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can he seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhilt
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant GrowiDg, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices., carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —
6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free, £2 15 o
I a feet long, 4 feet wide, „ „ ,, 4 15 o
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, „ „ 3 15 o
la feet long. 5 feet wide, „ ,, ,, 6 10 o
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
B. HALLIBAY & CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.
HELLIWEIili'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING "WITHOTTT PUTTY
REQUIRE^ NO OTTTSTDR PATNTTNO.
Adopted by Hi-. Koyal Highness the Prince ol Wales.
Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.
Old Roofs Rk-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered.
Plans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and
8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S.W.
No. 76. MELON or CUCUMBER FRAMES.
CASH PRICES—Carriage Paid.
No. I . . . . 8 ft. long . . 6 ft. wide .. £,2 7 6
No. 2 .. .. 12 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 4 17 6
No, 3 .. .. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 676
These Frames are 13 mches deep in front, and 24 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with a strong iron
strengthening rod, and one handle to each light. All painted four
coats of best oil colour, the lights being glazed with best 21-oz.
English glass.
BOILERS,
For heating all kinds of Horticultural Buildings.
HEW CATALOGUE NOW READV. FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
DAVI D LOWE & SONS,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS
AND
HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
GILMORE PARK, EDINBURGH ; and CORNBROOK,
CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.
Plans and Estimates on application for every description of
Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.
Garden Frames and Sashes in Stocif.
'ART WITH ECONOMY."
Illustrated Catalogue of Ortiamental Conservatories.
Plans, prices, and partloulara of GROWING HOUSES.
NURSEKYMBN'S CHEAP GREENHOUSES,
PLANT FRAMES, &c.
CHEAP ART SUMMER-HOUSES.
Prospectus of Works of Reference on
Horticultural Buildings and Hot-water Heating.
By F. A. FAWKES, F.R.H.S.
Any of the above Post-free on application to
T. H. P. DENNIS & CO..
MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.C.
Works : CHELMSFORD.
Conservatories and Greenhouses, &c,
H FREEMAN and SONS, Horticul-
• TURAL Builders and Hot-water Engineers. Cam-
bridee Heath Bridge, Hackney, E.— Good substanlial-made
GREENHOUSES, Glazed ready for FixinR, 21 leet by 13 feet,
^£28 : 125^ feet by 10 feet. £,ts> 10 feel by 5 feet, £Z. SFAN-
ROOF CONSERVATORY, 30 feet by 17 feet, ;t6o ; 21 feet by
13 leet, ;£3i lOl. ; 13 feet by 8 feet, £iS. LIGHTS, &c., in
Stock.
#
ss^^
^^sy^^^±±»Eer ^^
^*
21 01 Foreign, of the following
sizes. In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, "»
3d8 and 4ttiB qualities always kept In stock :—
14X12 20X12 20X14 20X16 20X18
16X12 16x14 20X15 22x16 22x18
18x12 18x14 18x16 24X16 24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
from
OEORGE FARIUXLOE & SOITS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
84, St. Jolm's Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E,a
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12-in., 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases.
CO.
TMILLINGTON and
• 43. Commercial Street, E.
PLATE, SHEET, CROIVN GLASS.
Horticultural and all kinds of Glass having so much advanced,
we are _ compelled to withdraw our prices, but on receipt of
application the prices will be forwarded, but will be only from
day to day until the market is in a more settled state. We have
some bargains in 21-oz., from 9X7 to 14X10 and upwards;
sizes sent if required. Propagating Glasses, Hand Frames,
Cucumber and Horticultural Glass, genuine White Lead, best
Linseed Oil Putty, Paints, Oils, and Colours.
STONE EDGING for KITCHEN
GARDENS or Walks under Trees, &c., 10 to 12 inches
deep, 3 to 4 feet long, made from the best Yorkshire Flagstone ;
indestructible. Price, ready for laying, is. per lineal yard. Also
Flags and Steps for Conservatories, Terraces, &c. — Address,
THE GREAT SLEAD QUARRY. Brighouse, Yorkshire.
Kosher's Garden Edging Tiles.
T
HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, inciu* no
further labour or expense,
as do 'grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfnars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories. Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c.|
from 2S. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tde Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L "v E R S~ AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promotly executed by Rail or to Whaxves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
DOULTON & CO.,
LAMBETH POTTERY, LONDON, S.E.
VASES, PEDESTALS. FOTTNTAINS,
QAKDEN EBQINGS, &c.,
IMPERISHABLE TERRA COTTA.
Tiles /or Lining Walls of Conservatories.
ART POTTERY, including JARDINIERES
AND OTHER
Table Decorations, and Vases, Fountains, Sec,
for the Conservatory, In
DOULTON WARE. LAMBETH FAIENCE, AND THE
NEW SILICON WARE.
Show Booms, Albert Embankment, S.E.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED .
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.
JAMES BOYD «c S0N3,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS ANU
HEATING ENGINEERS,
PAISLEY.
P^^5~ LONDON OFFICE : 48, PaU Mali, S.W.
^^^^
o
H
0
>
O
o
o
!0
7^
-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.
July 7, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
CHOICE SEEDS FOR^PRESENT SOWING.
Chr. Lorenz,
Seedsman to Her Majesty the Empress of Germany and Queen of Prussia,
ERFURT, GERMANY,
Begs to offer the folloiving Seeds, all of which are warranted new, and of the finest possilile
quality of their several kinds : —
CALCEOLARIA HYBRI DA, new dwarf self, tigred, and mixed each packet 2 o
CINERARIA HYBRIDA, new dwarf, azure, crimson, mixed, and GRANDIFLORA,
mixed
„ ,, new double, mixed ...
„ „ assortment of 6 varieties, including double
PANSY, Odier's large flowering
„ assortment of 12 varieties, including Odier's ..
„ assortment of 6 varieties, including Odier's
PRIMULA FIMBKIATA, assortment of 10 varieties
„ „ assortment of 6 varieties
„ „ double, assortment of 5 varieties ...
WALLFLOWERS, Lorenz's prize double, assortment of 12 variedes .
each packet
each packet
packet I
J
... 4
2
... 5
At the same time I respectfully request all those cominir to Erfurt for the great
Luther Festival, that is to take place on August 8,
kindly to pay a visit to 7ny Establishment.
THURSDAY NEXT.
VERY VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS.
SACCOLABIUM PRyEMORSUM.
VANDA CATHCARTII.
ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM ROGERSI.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, by order of
Mr. F. Sander, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on
THURSDAY NEXT, July 12, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a very wonderful importation
of SACCOLABIUM PR/EMORSUM, in masses and health such as never seen before ; also a
small but very healthy importation of VANDA CATHCARTII, and an extremely grand lot of
ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM ROGERSI, true ; ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA,
VANDA TERES, AERIDES, and CATTLEYAS, ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM,
MASDEVALLIAS, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING, a Handy Manual for the improved Cultivation
of all Vegetables. By William Earley, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms," " How to
Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown Svo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price ^s. dd.
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN.
A complete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition.
I'^cap. cloth, price "js.
THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. o. fisher.
Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Price \s.
HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earley. Price u. stitched.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. a popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earley. Price \s. stitched.
WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.
SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names,
History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical
Terms. An entirely New Edition, enlarged in size and type. Medium Svo, cloth, price 251.
BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell
T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of
100 Illustrations. Price 3^, 6</.
LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY, a Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for students,
&c. With 400 Illustrations. Svo, cloth, price 5^. (>d.
LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With illustrations. Svo, doth, price gx.
LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND CECONOMICAL BOTANY, with numerous iiiustra-
tions. Svo, cloth, price '^s.
LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools.
Price IS. sewed.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, «& CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.
THE
SATURDAY, fULY 7, 1S83.
PLANTS OF SHAKESPEARE.
IT seems but the other day that we had
occasion to note the publication of Canon
Ellacombe's admirable Plant Lore and Garden
Craft of Shakespeare, and now we are called on
by the receipt of Mr. Grindon's Shakespere
Flora* to advert once again to the subject.
The difference in the titles of the two books,
and in the mode of spelling of the dramatist's
name — matters comparaiively trifling in them-
selves, are nevertheless indicative of the varied
manner in which the authors have worked.
Dealing with the same material, necessarily
somewhat closely restricted as to scope, it is,
indeed, interesting to note the characteristically
different manner in which the two authors have
gone to work. We shall not advert in detail to
the several points of difference — that would
spoil the reader's pleasure and hardly be fair to
either author ; suffice it to say, that while Canon
Ellacombe arranges his matter alphabetically
according to the name of the particular plant,
and gives us an exhaustive account of all that
is to be said from the point of view of a botanist
and a gardener, Mr. Grindon disposes of what
he has to say under the following headings : —
" In the wood, the wild flowers, the garden
flowers, the cultivated fruits, vegetables, and
medicinal herbs ; the farm, the wilderness and
the wayside, the market place and the shops ;
and, lastly, book and hearsay names."
An index places Mr. Grindon's book, in so
far, on an equality with that of his predecessor,
and with that remark we set aside all further
comparison of the two, and confine ourselves
to the consideration of the newcomer. The
great charm in Shakespeare's allusions to plants
is their perfect fitness to the matter in hand.
They are not intended to teach us botany.
They are not lugged in as rhetorical ornament,
but they grow naturally out of the subject-
matter. They are not the product of affecta-
tion or display, but genuine expressions of the
idea intended to be conveyed. Whether it be
Ophelia piteously holding her handful of
" weedy trophies," or Perdita distributing "those
flowers," the plants selected by the dramatist
for his purpose are as fit as the language he
employs is touching and beautiful. It must be
noted, however, that this remark only applies
to such plants and flowers as Shakespeare had
seen from childhood in that pleasant midland
county — the heart of England — as Shakespeare
himself is the heart of modern English litera-
ture. Shakespeare was no traveller, and when
he takes us from the familiar Warwickshire
meadows and gardens he loses that power of
truthful delineation which goes straight to the
heart of his readers. For instance, when he
speaks of "tufts of Olives" or of a sheep-cote
fenced about with Olive trees, he conveys a
wrong impression, as false to Nature as the
"Willow asoaunt the brook
That shows his hoar leave? in the glassy stream "
IS true.
Shakespeare had gathered
wild flowers,
^ The Shakespere Flora ; a Guide to all the Principal
Passages 7« which Mention is made of Trees, Plants. Flowers,
and Vegetable Productions, &"€. Py Leo H. Gi ii.don. (M^i^~
Chester ; Palmer & Howe )
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 7, 1883.
" Nettles, Daisies, and long Purples ; " he had
felt the joy that makes one dash into a wood
full of Primroses and Bluebells, to secure the
" trophies " — trophies, indeed. But see how
observant is the poet— "weedy trophies," he calls
them. And what are wild flowers when gathered
but weedy trophies ? How limp they become
in a short time, as if they pined for their native
woods. But the appropriateness of their em-
ployment, and the exquisite felicity of the lan-
guage made use of, are not the only things for
which botanists and gardeners have to thank
Shakespeare. Mr. Grindon points out two
instances in which, such has been the influence
of the poet, that names previously " varium
et mutabile semper" have become fixed, and
a Primrose will remain a Primrose, a Violet by
no other name be called so long as literature
endures. Before Shakespeare's time the Violet
might be one of a dozen different things ; the
fanciful Greeks did not fix upon any one plant
to bear the name ; the practical Romans gave
no heed to the matter. Our forefathers of the
Middle Ages called Snowdrops, and " Honesty,"
and " Canterbury Bells," and a dozen other
things, all by the name of Violet ; but Shake-
speare's Violet is as definite and unmistakable
as LinnfEUs' Viola odorata. Could all English
names be crystallised as Shakespeare's Violet
IS, there would not be much dispute in future
as to the propriety of employing vernacular
names. And so with the case of the Primrose
— it was a Daisy, a Cowslip, the common
Privet, and other things ; but, from and after
Shakespeare's time, the word Primrose has been
more unvarying in its application than has the
Latin designation of the same plant. How far
Shakespeare himself is responsible for this we
do not know. Mr. Grindon might tell us per-
haps what share his contemporaries had in the
matter. Ophelia's flowers, as we have seen, are
wildings, but Perdita's flowers were culled from
the garden —
' ' Bold O.xlips and
The Crown Imperial ; Lilies of all kinds,
Tlie Flower de Luce being one."
Besides these are Carnations and streaked
Gillyflowers, and
" The Marigold that goes to bed with the sun,
And with him rises, weeping."
In alluding to garden flowers, we must re-
member that Shakespeare and Gerard were
contemporaries, that the Caialogiis and the
Herbal of the latter were both published in
Shakespeare's time. The help thus afforded to
the critical commentator is, therefore, great,
and the interest to the gardener is enhanced by
the knowledge thus obtained, that Shakespeare
could have had no personal knowledge of a
tithe of the beautiful and useful plants now at
his disposal.
Shakespeare, for instance, only knew the
Cedarfrom the allusion to it in Scripture. Potatos
were unknown to him, for when the word is
used by him it applies to the Batatas (Con-
volvulus), not to the Solanaceous tuber which
Shakespeare's contemporary, Raleigh, is cre-
dited with introducing, and which Gerard grew.
Tobacco — also an introduction of Raleigh's — is
not mentioned by the poet. That Shakespeare
must have seen an English vineyard seems
evident from this passage in Measure for
Measure : —
"He hath a vineyard, circummured with brick,
Whose western side is with a vineyard backed ;
And to that vineyard is a planched gate
That makes the opening with this bigger key :
The other doth command a little door
Which from the vineyard to the garden leads."
One would almost fancy that Shakespeare
must have seen the vineyard at Hatfield, so closely
does the description fit. While alluding thus to
plants that Shakespeare must have known, and to
those of which he could have had no cognisance.
we may call attention to an oversight on p. 17,
where the Birch is mentioned as introduced
after Shakespeare's time. There is, so far as we
know, no reason for doubting that the Birch is a
genuine native, and indeed elsewhere Mr.
Grindon treats it as such.
It is not only the gardener and the botanist
that will turn to Mr. Grindon's pages, the critic
and the philologist will find it no less their in-
terest to do so, for in his endeavour to elucidate
the plant-names made use of by the dramatist
Mr. Grindon has naturally been led to compare
the statements made in the authorised version
of the Bible, the works of Bacon, and of contem-
porary dramatists and writers generally. By
this means Mr. Grindon has solved the question
as to the nature of the "juice of cursed
hebenon," which Hamlet's uncle poured into the
porches of the ears of the prince's father.
Mr. Grindon identifies it with the "hebon"
mentioned by Marlowe and Spenser, and shows
that"hebon" or "hebenon" are forms of the word
by which the Yew is known in many Continental
languages.
We have not cared to follow Mr. Grindon's
steps very exactly — to do so would be to spoil
the charm of the book. We recomrnend the
reader to take it up at odd times, to read a few
pages and give himself up to the delight of
following up the varied train of thoughts and
recollections that this confessedly desultory plan
of reading will most assuredly beget. As a
solace and recreation for the wearied mind, no
more delightful book than this of Mr. Grindon's
could be taken. In saying so much we must
disclaim any intention of wishing the reader to
infer that it is not worthy of more serious study.
We only cite our own experience with the book
in hand, and the thermometer nearer 90° than
80°. The book is handsomely got up, but the
illustrations are scarcely commensurate with the
printer's art.
BOTANICAL MEETINGS.
Your interesting notice of the Harpenden meeting
(xix., p. 820) induces me to send you an account of a
most pleasant and instructive botanical party which was
brought together at the Manchester Free Reference
Library last Sunday afternoon, by the invitation of
Mr. Councillor Charles Rowley, a member of the
Library Committee, and under the presidency of Sir
Thomas Baker, its Chairman.
For fifty years or more we have had amongst us in
Lancashire an association of botanists, who meet
together on Sunday afternoons once a fortnight, when
plants are produced, and a pleasant time is passed in
the examination and naming of them. They are
mostly working men ; the President, Mr. Percival, is
a tanner ; the Secretary, Mr. Rogers, a pawnbroker ;
and the members are scattered in the neighbourhood,
many being gardeners. There are a few gentlemen
associated with them.
These Sunday afternoon meetings are held in
various localities in Lancashire, and have been the
means of fostering a love of botany, and from the
ranks of our working men have thus arisen many
skilled naturalists whose names are famous in Lanca-
shire—Crozier, Crowther, Mellor, of Royton ; Caley,
who accompanied Sir Joseph Banks as botanist to the
South Seas ; Hobson, the great biologist; John Hors-
field, the raiser of the well known bicolor Daffodil ;
Stansfield of Todmorden, the great authority on
Ferns ; and, though last not least, James Percival, the
present President of the Society. These, and many more
of almost equal note, have been active members of
the Botanists' Association, who have done much to
promote their favourite science. It was therefore a
happy thought of Mr. Rowley's to invite the members
of the Botanists' Association to meet with a few friends
at the Reference Library, and a most successful meet-
ing was the result. The party assembled at 3 o'clock,
and a couple of hours were profitably occupied in ex-
amining the rich collection of botanical works which
are in the library, and more especially those which
had been acquired during the past year. The her-
barium of the late John Windsor, which belongs to the
library, was also placed upon the table for inspection.
as also was an interesting collection of dried mosses.
At five o'clock the party had tea in one of the com-
mittee rooms, and at six the chair was taken
by Sir Thomas Baker, and the more important
business commenced. A table, some 20
feet long, was completely covered with flowers,
of which almost every member brought his share, and
large contributions had been sent from some of the
noted gardens in the neighbourhood, so that a most
complete collection of the plants then in flower was
before us. Reference was first made to the treat which
had been afforded in the inspection of the treasures of
botanical literature which had been opened before us
in the library, and especially the work on the Amaryl-
lidaceae by Dean Herbert, which had been recently
acquired at the suggestion of one of our number.
The Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert was the last warden
and the first Dean of Manchester. His work on the
Amaryllidaceae was published in 1837, and he came
to Manchester in 1840, and remained until his death
in 1847. He would, no doubt, soon become
acquainted with Mr. Leeds, of Longford Bridge, near
Manchester, whose garden was then the most inter-
esting one in the neighbourhood, and in this way it
is more than probable that Mr. Leeds was led into
his train of experiments in hybridisation which led to
the production of his beautiful hybrid Narcissi, so
well known as the Leedsi varieties, and which were
raised from 1845 to 1850. Dean Herbert's work
contains a most interesting chapter on hybridisation,
and plates 38, 39, and 40 contain details of all the
generative organs of the Narcissi, and of their varia-
bility from the type. Mr. Leeds would thus be led
into his successful train of experiments, and it is
interesting to note that the first-fruits of Dean
Herbert's work were produced in this neighbour-
hood.
Mr. Percival, the President of the Society, was
then called upon to name and describe the plants
upon the table. This he did in a masterly manner,
giving the Latin and the common name, and adding
a few particulars, frequently anecdotal, and always
humorous. The most interesting plant was the rare
Cypripedium calceolus, which he had found the week
previously in a deep crevice in the limestone pave-
ment on Clapham Moor in the Craven district. " I
do not know that ever I felt such a happy man in
my life as I did when I found that flower." It had
not been found in this district for forty years. The
rare Fern, Cystopteris montana, was the subject of a
very interesting narrative of its finding on the Breadal-
bane Mountains. About 126 flowers and Ferns were
thus accurately named and described by Mr. Percival
— an extraordinary performance ; and it was under-
stood that there were others of the members present
who could have undertaken it. Sir Thomas Baker, in
concluding the business of the meeting, declared that
he should always look back to the occasion as one of
the golden days of his life, and I am sure that every
one present profited by it. There is room for such
botanical associations, and for such social gather-
ings in many districts ; and I hope the example,
as well as that of the Harpenden school class, may be
widely followed. Objection may be taken to the
holding of such meetings on the Sunday, but I think
on reflection it will be seen that it is not easy for
working people to assemble at any other time, and I
see no breach of the Sabbath in such a laudable
pursuit. 11^. Brockhank^ Brockliurst^ Didsbury,
June 30.
APPLES.
The suggestion made by *' Philanthes " that our early
blooming fruits should be operated upon by the
hybridist for the purpose of endeavouring to secure
later and, therefore, safer blooming kinds, comes late
this year,^but probably would not have been made but
for the unfortunate fact that, except Apples, we have
this year such poor crops on other standard or tree
fruits. The chief deterrent to any such application of
industry on the part of any pomologist is found in the
fact that few men of mature years may hope to live to
see the reward of their labours, even assuming that
the object in view — very questionable, by-the-bye — was
in any degree obtained. But is it the case that later
blooming kinds of particular fruits are this year or in
any other year the most productive ? " Philanthes "
mentions the Victoria Plum as a general cropper, but
although such is fairly the case, yet there is no proof
that it is later to bloom than the general ruck of
Plums, all of which carry but little fruit. Lemon
July 7, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
Pippin Apple is mentioned as a general cropper, but
with me it is very sparse in all seasons, and this year
amidst many kinds. In relation to the later bloom-
ing Apple the query may well be put, 1 low is it, if later
bloom is safer bloom, that whilst some kinds have
set an abundant crop, other trees blooming freely also
at the same time have not set half a dozen fruit ? Does
not this point to the conclusion that some other causes
besides the operation of the weather upon the flowers
must be charged with the general absence of hardy
tree fruits this summer? I have here along row of
Apple trees some fourteen years planted, all vigorous
and in good cropping condition. The row includes
some forty kinds, and, of course, varying in habit and
character. Almost invariably the strongest or most
robust growers have the smallest crops, but that is a
common association. But many of these bloomed
most profusely, however, and should in the ordinary
course of things have fruited, yet they have not done
so. And why? I conclude that the late summer and
autumn ol last year failed to mature the buds on all
those strong-growing trees sufficiently to render them
fertile, and though there was no lack of flowers they
proved fruitless.
On the other hand the less robust growers, deve-
loping less wood, and thus being enabled to create
well-matured fruit-buds, have produced an ample
crop of fruit ; so that the production ol an Apple crop
is less due to a favourable spring than to certain
characteristics of the trees which produce it ; hence,
if we labour at all in the direction of seeking for kinds
that will prove constant croppers, we must rather
regard those qualities than their periods of blooming.
After all, how much of the collapse of the Pear
bloom, and the falling of immature Plums and Cher-
ries, may not be due to the non-maturing of the
bloom-buds last autumn ? Perhaps we have laid more
blame on the spring weather, bad as it certainly was,
than it merits.
Assuming that there may be something in the posi-
tion I have taken — and it certainly all reads very
much like a truism — we may well desire that the
wider promotion of hardy tree fruits that, irrespective
of time of blooming, do without doubt ripen their
fruit-buds early, should be largely undertaken ; in-
deed, those who strive to live by fruit growing for
market have a far better and more pressing case to
present to the Government than the agriculturists
have, supposing it were in the power of the Govern-
ment, in the shape of assisting or promoting the pro-
duction of constant cropping kinds of fruits, to give
useful relief. But those who would do something must
help themselves, and as hybridisation in any form
cannot now be undertaken this year, it may not be
waste of time if opportunity be taken of the present
comparatively good Apple season to get a census of
kinds that are fruiting well, and thus afford some
reliable information as to the sorts that may be, as
far as Apples only are concerned, likely to prove
suitable parents.
I last year alluded to a variety, name not known,
of which I have here one large tree that always bears.
Last year it bore a good crop, this year it has half a
crop of what will be a finer sample. Then Cockle
Pippin is, as it almost always is, full of fruit ; and
another kind, too little known and grown, Norfolk
Bearer, rarely is without a crop, and now has a good
one. Of course Lord Suiifield, Manx and Keswick
Codlins, Early Julian, and Warner's King are all
fruiting freely, for none of these are rank growers.
Specially productive, however, is Harvey Codlin, a
kind that should be universally cultivated for market
but is little known. This is never without a crop,
greater or less. Cox's Orange Pippin, King of the
Pippins, Cellini Pippin, Cockle Pippin, Sturmer Pip-
pin, Downton Pippin, and Court of Wick, an allied
kind, are all fruiting heavily, thus showing the Pip-
pins to be a productive family. The fine old Winter
Pearmain is carrying a very fair crop, so also is Royal
Pearmain, and that fine Apple, Flower of Kent. I
have also good crops on Wellington, Kentish Fill-
basket, and Golden Noble. Still, taking all the trees,
the crop is not more than half a one, although the
result is far better in the market orchards, simply
because many of the kinds in commerce, such as I have,
would never be planted by a market grower. If he
cannot get crops from Manx Codlin, Lord Suffield,
Early Julian, King of the Pippins, Cox's Orange
Pippin, Wellington, and a few others, he regards a
crop from other kinds as out of the question ; and
although he is not absolutely right, he is nearly so.
If, therefore, the information afforded by the present
Apple season is to be utilised, we ought to have for
guidance, both for the hybridist and the planter, the
fullest possible information as to the sorts that in many
localities are now fruiting well, and fruit more or less
in all seasons. Information of this kind might well
be given presently, with the annual fruit returns,
especially as this year little can he said about Pears,
Plums, and Cherries. It would be specially interest-
ing to learn what kinds are fruiting best in widely
distributed localities, and whether the trees are old,
or whether young, and how grown. As the nation
has to rely for its Apple supply chiefly upon orchard
trees, of course most interest will attach to reports
respecting their produce, not the less that whilst their
culture is comparatively common and natural, that of
small garden trees is usually uncommon and artificial.
A. D. [An opportunity such as our correspondent
desires will shortly be given, as we hope to publish
our annual census on August 4. Kd.]
HARDY FLOWERS AT GRAS-
MERE.
A VISIT to Mr. Joseph Stevens' well kept hardy
plant garden at Byfleet, at this season of the year would
make a convert of the most determined opponent of
the beautiful subjects therein cultivated ; indeed, it
would be difficult to imagine within the limits of a
garden anything more beautiful or more varied than the
wealth of bloom which abounds throughout the whole
place, in rock garden, border, shrubbery, wild garden,
and Fern rockery, gratifying to a high degree alike to
the sense of sight and smell. Roses — not the certified
best kinds for exhibition, but the old varieties, many
of which have even outlived their names — must
claim first place. Roses trailing and scrambling over
neighbouring bushes and fences, glad of the borrowed
strength to aid them in bearing the weight of their
blooms ; Roses, single and double, sometimes even
on the same bush, not the least beautiful of them being
the old Manetti, which is so largely vised as a
stock, and the lovely old double white Sweet Brier.
Rivalling the Roses in beauty, showiness, and per-
fume, are the Peonies, with their large heads of
bloom varying in all the intermediate shades between
white and crimson, many of them being of a very
lovely primrose hue — singles, semi-doubles, and
doubles — so double that the petals seem to be pushing
each other out, and so making the flowers just untidy
enough to save them from being too perfect (from a
florist's point of view) and formal in shape. Con-
tributing to the show at present, and destined soon to
take the first place, are the Delphiniums. These at
Grasmere grow into large clumps from 7 to 10 feet in
height, each of them an object to pause before and
admire. Here it is that varieties which are not easily
distinguished under ordinary cultivation are so easy to
determine, by reason of the distinguishing features of
each being fully brought out. The finest varieties
are D. Barlowii superba, with large double dark
blue flowers on long foot-stalks ; D. Argus, a
very fine pale blue ; D. Humboldtii, an immense
single dark variety, and D. Eugene Verdier, a
fine bright blue with white eye. Next in importance
come the Irises, which present fine clumps at the
edges of the shrubberies and in the borders. The
varieties of the I. germanica are perhaps the most
showy on the plants, but the slender stemmed and
quaintly tinted I. hispanica and the showy varieties
of I. anglica are equally acceptable, and their flowers
last much longer when cut than those of I. germanica.
There is also a large collection of species of Iris which
are not yet in bloom. After the Irises come the large
bushes of Philadelphus (Mock Orange), of which
fourteen very distinct varieties are now in bloom at
Grasmere ; all are white, but the difference in the
colour of the anthers, some being white and some
yellow — the difference in the size of the blooms and
the manner in which they are arranged on the flower-
stalks— render thedifferences, bothspecific and varietal,
very easy to distinguish in such well grown specimens.
The best and most distinct appear to be P. grandi-
florus, P. latifolius, P. coronarius deutziaeflorusplenus
(double), P. californicus (very large), P. cordatus,
and P. Gordonianus. Harmonising with the Phila-
delphuses are a great number of varieties of Weigela,
and an important collection of Spirzeas, fine bushes,
with their beautiful bosses of white, pink, or rose
blooms, particularly noticeable being S. bella, S.
macrantha, S. splendens, S. amoena (white, with
rose eye), and S. trilobata fl.-pl. The above enume-
rated supply quite beauty enough without calling in
the aid of the other 10,000 species and varieties
which Mr. Joseph Stevens cultivates, and any garden
may be made interesting and beautiful with such
things, together with Phloxes, Pentstemons, Antir-
rhinums, Potentillas, Pyrethrums, Lilies, Foxgloves,
and other well known things ; and it will be well for
the majority of the hardy plant growers to keep to
them, as but few can give that business-like attention
requisite to the keeping of a general collection in
good order. Both the rockeries of Grasmere are made
beautiful by huge natural tufts of Saxifrages, Sedums,
Thymes, Acantholimums, &c., and the Fern nook is
fresh and cool with the just perfected fronds of most of
our best hardy Ferns, the perfect mass of Adiantum
pedatum bearing witness that slugs and other plant
destroyers are not plentiful at Grasmere. Among the
foliage plants some startling specimens will be found,
such as Polygonum cuspidatum, 9 feet high and 12 feet
across ; a fine collection of Funkias, many of them
4 to 5 feet across ; huge Rheums, Heracleums, &c.
The collection of hardy variegated plants is also very
interesting and extensive. Among the great quantity
of miscellaneous plants in bloom, conspicuous were
Aslilbe Aruncus, 7 feet across, with its long plumes of
white fiowers ; Mertensia sibirica, Clematis erecta,
Veronica rotundifolia, Isopyrum thalictrioides. Cam-
panula, Trachelium album plenum. Geranium
armenum, Myosotis palustris semperflorens, Rubus
spectabilis, both the crimson and the yellow-fruited
variety in flower and fruit ; different varieties of
Cistus, Helianthemum, Chrysobactron Hookeri, many
bulbous plants, and other things lovely to look upon,
but too numerous to particularize. A long hedge of
Pyrus Maulei, with bushels of fruit on, however, must
not be forgotten ; neither must Mrs. Stevens' elegant
arrangements of cut hardy flowers indoors— they are
really artistic. J. O'B.
LILIUMS IN FLOWER.
L. Parryi, Watson.— a very handsome species,
growing from 2 — 6 feet high, with from two to twelve
flowers— rarely as many as twelve, but often with ten.
I have one at present with that number in different
stages. Perianth funnel-shaped, canary-yellow,
sparingly dotted with purple, some flowers quite free
of spots, segments 3—4 inches long, spreading on the
tips, slightly reflexed. Leaves very irregularly dis-
posed, sometimes in verticils, or variously alternated ;
the bulbs are rhizomalous and jointed, increasing
rapidly especially in peaty soil, and may be divided
without injury thereto. There is no doubt this Lily
has a preference for peat, although amenable to culture
in ordinary garden soil. I have several in various
kinds of soil, also in pots of ordinary Lily compost,
but none are so fine as one planted in a damp peat
bed— this is just about 5 feet high, still growing very
vigorous and floriferous. Under natural conditions
we are informed this species affects damp boggy posi-
tions in the San Gorgonio Pass and San Bernandino
county. South California. It is now flowering in
many parts of this country, and although comparatively
scarce it will ultimately become a general favourite,
as it is by no means fastidious or miffy.
L. Leichtlini, Hook, fil.— A very lovely species
from Japan, admirably represented in Bol. Mag.,
t. 5673. Stem I J— 3 feet high, brownish, clothed
with narrow lanceolate leaves, pointing upwards —
racemose at the top. Flowers from 1—6 in number ;
perianth segments 3—4 inches long, clear lemon,
copiously spotted with claret-coloured well defined
spots, sharply refle.xed, the flower almost assuming a
globular form. The slender stems have a curious
habit of running under the surface of the soil, and if
you place a bulb in the centre of a pot it is quite
likely to appear near the side. I find this species
also delights in a mixture of peat and leaf soil, my finest
specimen being in a damp bed planted in such a com-
post. It is flowering very freely this season, and the
individual blooms are very fine. It is evidently very
plentiful in Japan, as it can be secured in quantity
large enough to make it much more plentiful than it
is ; of course the high figure which has up to the pre-
sent been asked for it has deterred many from secur-
ing it.
L. LONGIFLORUM, Thunb., and its varieties.—
The typical form is an excellent Lily, although some
of its varietal forms are really superior to it for decora-
tive purposes ; those forms referred to have undoubt-
edly been brought into existence through the skilled
horticulture of the Japanese, and it is very question-
able how much their handiwork has been instrumental
8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 7. 1883-
in originating kinds which are regarded as natural
species and varieties. Looking at different sections
of Lilies, I am very doubtful respecting the position
of many varieties. There is no doubt the hybridisation
of Lilies in this country is in its infancy, and in a few
years forms may evolve which will be simply astonish-
ing in comparison with the present existing forms.
L. longiflorum is well known as the common white
Trumpet Lily, with stems from I to 3 feet high, with
shiny narrow leaves and white funnel-shaped peri-
anth ; tube 3 to 4 inches long, widening towards the
top, while the limb is much more dilated, with short
reflexed segments. In noticing the varieties of this 1
will confine myself to the more pronounced of them.
Eximium has a longer and narrower tube than the
type, while the limb is also broader, with more
sharply revolute segments, and I think of greater
consistency and purer white. This variety is to my
mind the finest ot all. The form known as
Takesima produces very broad - limbed flowers,
with spreading, but not reflexed flowers, while
the tube is not quite so long as that of
eximium, and it really seems more floriferous and
vigorous than either of these described. The new
variety about which we have heard so much
under the name of Harrisi is nothing more than
a vigorous • growing form, with narrow- pointed
leaves, and long-tubed flowers ; the latter closely
approach those of eximium, but as to its perpetual-
flowering qualities, at present there is nothing in my
bulbs to indicate anything more than the ordinary
habits of longiflorum. Mr. Williams, I learn, insists
that fresh stems are sent up immediately the preceding
one has flowered, so as to produce a constant succes-
sion of flowers. It would be extremely interesting if
cases where this has occurred were reported, the bona
fides of which no one could doubt, as I, among many
others, very much doubt if such a characteristic shows
itself in any Lily, and did not for a moment expect to
find it in this variety. Lilivm July 2.
EPIDENDRUM lONOCENTRUM, u. sp.-
Much in the way of Epidendrum Brassavolac, but
larger. It has a shorter, broad bulb of a fine dark
green colour, a raceme of 20—24 flowers, which are
said to surpass those of the above-named species. The
sepals and petals are lemon coloured, greenish-brown.
The centre of the white lip is of the finest violet or
purple. This curious and rare species was found by
Messrs, Endres and Pfau.
Warscewiczella picta, n. sj).f
Much in the way of Warscewiczella discolor, but
much rarer, and very curious. Its chief difference
consists in the lip. The tablet-like greenish basilar
callus has two teeth in front, and a few parallel ones
on the sides. The rhomboid blunt acute much
crisped lacinia of the lip is yellowish-white, with very
numerous marginal deep purple broad lines, and a
brownish border on each side of the base. Petals
white. Sepals pale greenish, or yellowish-white.
Column whitish, with some dark spots on the base,
about the colour of which I have no memorandum.
This very fine plant was discovered by late Endres,
and lately found again by M. Pfau. If. G. Rchb.f,
OdONTOGLOSSUM RUCKERIANUM SI'LENDENS,
n. var.
This surpasses by far anything that I have seen,
and I saw a glorious set of flowers. To begin with,
the flowers are larger, the petals and sepals much
broader, the blotches greater, and of warmest mauve ;
the places washed with lighter mauve are better
painted, and the brown blotch on the disc of the lip
* Epidendrum ionocentrwn, n. sp. — Affioe Epidendro Brassa-
vo'k : pseudobulbo brevi (15") ; pedunculo mukifloro {aA 24) ;
sepalis lepalisque lanceis acuminatis ; labello basi utrinque
minute obtuse auriculato, callis ligulatis geminis obtusis ioler-
positis, lamina Iriangula caudata basi ad isthmum brevissimum
rotundata ; androctinii ligula posticadenticulata, alis lateralibus
rhombeis. H, G Rchb.f.
t Warscfrwiczella picta, n. sp. — Aff, W. discolori : labello
rhombeo obtuso undulato ; callo baseos forcipato lateribus den-
ticjlis nonnullis parvis. (Zygopetalum picium, Rchb. f. ; Sert.
£ndr,tzb. g) H. G Rchb.f,
is of the best colour. All the colours are as pure and
limpid as possible. I had a branch of the inflor-
escence of this grand variety from Mr. F. Sander,
yet I hear the plant is now the property of the Right
Hon J. Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Edgbaston,
Birmingham. H. G. Rchh. '/.
HOYA LINEARIS {Wall.) VAR. SIKKIMENSIS,
Hk. f. (figs. I, 2).*
Of all the known species of Hoya this is decidedly
one of the most distinct and most easily recognised,
its weak pendulous stems and narrow leaves giving it
a very different appearance from any other in cultiva-
tion. This plant, as its name implies, is a native of
Sikkim, where it grows in the hot valleys at an eleva-
tion of from 4000 — 6000 feet, and from its habit it is
probably epiphytical upon trees. Our illustrations are
taken from a plant that flowered last autumn with
Mr. Dunn, Dalkeith Palace Gardens, Dalkeith ; from
which also the Axa.v/\ng in iht Botanical Ala^azinevizs
made, and not, as is by some error stated, there to be
from a plant flowered by Messrs. Veitch. The stems
are slender, flaccid, terete, and pendulous, clothed
with soft spreading hairs ; the leaves are soft and
fleshy, sub-terete from the very strongly revolute mar-
gins, clothed with fine soft hairs, more appressed than
those on the stem ; the leaves from their flaccid nature
Fig. I.— hoya linearis, var sikkimsnsis: n at. size,
CORONA MAGN.
hang rather close to the stem except those just above
the inflorescence, which are more spreading ; the
umbels are terminal and 10 — 13 flowered, the pedicels
are slender and hairy like the stem, the corolla is
nearly \ inch in diameter, pentagonally 5-Iobed,
more or less reflexed, and of a waxy white colour, the
corona consists of five stellately radiating lobes of a
yellowish colour.
This Hoya will make a novel and handsome basket
plant, and can no doubt be easily propagated from
cuttings. N. E, Brown,
Cypripedium Curtisii, n. j/.f
It is very interesting to see how apparently distinct
types blend by intermediate things. This Cypripedium
Curtisii, of Sondaic origin, was discovered by the col-
lector of Messrs. Veitch, Mr. Curtis, who has found
so many good things, and whom we like much to com-
pliment thankfully. It comes very near Cypripedium
ciiiolare, and near superbiens (Veitchianum). The
leading feature, that strikes you first, consists in its
gorgeous lip of quite unusual dimensions, with sharp,
acute side angles. One of the modern philosophers
might teach us for what purposes this unusual sac is
* Hoya linearis (Wall ) var. sikkimaisis , Hk. f., in Botanical
Magazine, t. 6682.
t Cypripedium Cnrtisii, n. sp.— Aff. C. superbienti et cilio-
lari : sepalo impari elliptico acuto ; tepalis angustis acutis bre-
vioribus magis distanter ciliatis ; labelli ungue facie aequalJ,
angulis parvis lateralibus optime acutis, facie maximo obtuse
intended. All the hairs around the petals and the
sepal are much shorter, thinner, and more distant than
in Cypripedium ciiiolare. The petals would appear to
be much narrower, of course, descending, as in the
other species of the group. The spots are generally
much smaller than in Cypripedium ciiiolare, where
bigger ones are spread over the whole lamina, whereas
such ones are only here on the margin. They appear,
however, not to be found at all at the top of the petals
in ciiiolare, whereas they are very numerous in thatspot
in our species. My materials of Cypripedium ciiiolare
are, however, not rich. Two fresh plants were sent
me kindly by Mr. F. Sander to judge the difference
in the leaves. If these plants are quite normal, then
the leaves of both species are very distinct. They are
far broader, far more acute in our novelty, and washed
with much darker hieroglyphic marks on a darker
ground. We are becoming very rich in Cypripedia.
H. G, Rchb.f.
Oncidium nigratum.
Among the many new and rare Orchids now in
bloom at Messrs. James Veitch & Son's, King's
Road, Chelsea, is the curious and beautiful Oncidium
nigratum described at p. 790, vol. xix. It is sur-
prising how so small a plant could send out such a
heavy spray of these beautiful starry flowers, like
those of Odontoglossum nsevium, but smaller.
A BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
GARDEN.— IX.
yum 6.— It is difficult to know what to say about
the garden in June ! There is so much to say I can
hardly tell how to begin. The leafy month earns well
its title, so grandly full-leaved are the trees ; in finer
leaf, I think, than they have been for many a year.
The Elms stand out against the sky in rounded blocks
of green, and in the Lime avenue the broad leaves
meeting overhead are round and pure in outline,
untouched as yet by destroying worms, untorn by
tempests. The young Chestnuts along the little
watercourse are nearly twice the size they were last
summer, when cruel winds had left them only a few
ragged discoloured leaves. The flower-spikes of one
Chestnut within the garden measure near a foot in
length. The great red Horse Chestnut is red all over ; it
is a mass of blossom, almost from the ground, upwards
to the very top. The tree is a fine sight, and if
it were not so common one scarcely could tire of
admiring it. The season makes a great difference in
the colouring of the blossoms. Sometimes they come
out almost yellow from too little sun and too much
rain ; but in the rich floraison of to-day their colour
is almost crimson. Then the Thorns are, or have
been, in great perfection ; the branches of double
pink May can be compared to nothing but bars of pink
velvet. The double scarlet varieties are finer than
usual, and under the hot sun their vivid colour is quite
dazzling. We find them capricious, however ;
some years there is more green than red, and when
the trees were younger the red was finer. A little
single Thorn draped itself down to the very grass in
scarlet bloom ; but it lasts so brief a time, every petal
now has fallen. It is a picturesque delightful tendency
in all trees to bend and stretch out to meet each other;
their branches love to touch and interlace. So,
at this time, across many of our green garden
walks, the flowering May makes beautiful red-gar-
landed arches. Pink May and Laburnum in-
terweave their branches, and in another place a
Cherry and a Thorn have succeeded in meeting. A
little further on an Apple reaches out long arms above
the turf, to touch a copper Beech. Here, in this
corner, there is also Laurel ; and Brake Fern, spring-
ing of itself, will soon be tall enough to reach almost
the Apple branches. The Beech on either side the
alUe verte embower the walk, while along the outmost
line their slender drooping shoots stretch themselves
to meet and embrace more staid and slow young Elm
branchlets, spreading from the great old trees. The
nightingales' old White Thorn shone white like a great
snow mountain for about ten days, surpassing all the
rest in beauty ; and not far from it, deep in a thorny
thicket of Blackberry mixed with Ivy and Nettles, we
found the nightingale's nest. I often visited her, and
she would lie close, with head laid back, and bright
black, watchful eye fixed full upon me ; but I never
saw her strange smoked eggs, because she would
never stir from the nest. Massive gleams — if such
an anomaly can be said — of yellow, Spanish and
conico : staminodio transverso altiusculo lato, dente introrso
utrinque extus, apiculo mediano. In ins. Sondaic det. cl.
Curtis eel. mere. J. Veitch & Son, viatori. H, G. Rchb. f.
July 7, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CITRONTCLR.
English Broom, shining between green trees in
contrast with paler gold of overhanging Laburnum.
I wonder, by the way, if the Rivieira Broom would
live in this climate ? — I mean the Broom that grows
something like a Rush, with the flowers set all down
the polished stem. [Ves, if, as we suppose, Spartium
junceum is meant, Ed.] In the orchard border an
immense luxuriantly rounded bush of Weigela replaces
the Pyrus of last month, the lovely pink of its blossom
set off by the tender green around it. These are all
beautiful bits of colour, and yet they are only samples,
as it were, of what I should wish, and may partly hope
for some day ; for a Laburnum colonnade is in contem-
plation, and lilac closes, and golden cloistersof Genista,
some day, there must be ! Something also should be
made of the pale hanging clusters of Wistaria — a
fergola, roofed in with its lilac pendents, or small
bushes standing alone, in some grassy place. Our
Rhododendrons and Azaleas are in great beauty,
and since last year are much grown and filled out ; the
season seems in some way to have pleased them well.
We do not attempt fine sorts, though there is just a
sprinkling of crimson and white, and a few others
amongst the showy old pinkish-lilac sort. The broad
border on the opposite side of the walk along the
Holly hedge is filled with Rhododendrons and Azaleas;
as yet only the common — yet always beautiful — yellow
and creamy-white Azalea, filling all the air with its
peculiar scent. The success of this border is particu-
larly pleasant, for the young Americans made one
rather nervous at times during the early spring — on
days when the weather did not exactly suit them they
would look so pitiable and dejected, with their leaves
hanging straight down. Into this border were moved
most of the aged drawn-up Rhododendrons that used
to crowd the shrubberies. Here, with more room,
they have begun to bush out healthily. Yet there is
at present no peat or made-up bed, and the ground
is flooded every winter. We think of giving them a
few cartloads of peat next autumn just by way of
encouragement. In another year this walk will deserve
to be called "the Rhododendron walk." At the
back of the border two double scarlet May trees are now
radiant with blossom. About three years ago they
were removed here out of the garden, where for some
reason they had become sickly, and had ceased to
bear. Change of air and scene has worked wonders ;
they have increased greatly in size, and the move is
apparently forgotten. Beyond these is the new
orchard, deep in growing grass, and then the Larch
walk ; and — and then — palings, if the truth must out.
Beyond the Holly hedge, in the border, wherein we
stuflF everything that has nowhere else to go, there is
at this moment a white glory of snow-balled Gueldres
Rose. In my ideal garden there shall be large
single trees of Gueldres Rose standing alone ; not,
as they generally are grown, " smoored up " in a
shrubbery.
But we have wandered far away from the beloved
garden. Swallows are building in the garden porch.
Over this porch is the Lady's Bower — so-called in old
English houses — with Vine-wreathed windows. It is
the chimney swallow, with the red throat. Their
confidence and utter tameness, the perpetual darting
in and out of blue-black wings (like tenderly domesti-
cated trout ! as Mr. Ruskin says), and the conversa-
tional cheery twitter that goes on all day long, are a
continual feast. South, north, and east are the
three porches of the house, and swallows in all three.
At the north entrance they are more bold, but some-
how less familiar. Darting shoals of swallows dash
in and out, even through the open doors into the
house, and two nests are nearly built. The family
motto, " God's Providence is my inheritance," written
round the porch walls, suits well such a place of birds ;
while the footless martin, borne on the stone shield
over the door among the Roses and Ivy — the swallows
may also feel, not wholly inappropriate. Under the
east garden porch, which is now green with Virginian
Creeper and Vine — and will be in its season purple
with Clematis, a pair of swallows are also arranging
a settlement. Here, also, though not quite so wel-
come, no one dreams of denying them. After the
sun has turned the corner of the house this porch is
cool and shady. On the threshold is set the legend,
Nos el medilamur in Horto, taken from a sundial in a
nun's garden somewhere. The invitation, I think, is
generally disregarded. Many cross that threshold to
walk in the garden and admire the flowers, or to
cross the lawn for the tennis-court, or perhaps — to
smoke. But I do not think people often meditate
much in the garden in these days. Dogs do some-
times as they sit in the sun. But I wonder how it is
done !
From the south front a lot of Everlasting Pea has
.//
''^eua
dN
m.
Fig 2 - HOVA LINEARIS : TO SHOW THE HABIT.
wound itself round between the walls and the Yew
buttress, taking up fully one half of the porch. It is
well named Everlasting 1 One has nothing to do but
to dig it up, and cut and hack it away, and the next
year it will appear strong and hearty, and in double
quantity. It takes no hint that there may be too
much of a good thing 1 And yet, when it looks so
fresh and handsome, with its large bright flowers, it
would be cruel to wish it away. So let it be, to teach
its lesson and to smother as it will. The while
Irises are nearly over, and wood Strawberries are
beginning to redden, under the windows. An old
Maiden's Blush Rose, covered with buds, begins to
peep in at the dining-room window on one side, and
on the other is the lovely pink of a most perfect Moss
Rose. The parterr in front of the window is bedded
out, of course. I know that it soon will be a blaze of
well chosen colour ; but excepting the golden mount of
Stonecrop in the centre, I do not take any great per-
sonal interest in its summer phase. It is fortunate for
the garden's character, that this should be so ; for as
the invention of new combinations of plants and colours
would be to me impossible, this is left always in our
gardeners' hands, with full confidence that the result
will be as perfect as such things can be. From the
dining-room window, we can also see, between the
Sumac and a Box-tree, near where a Pseony showers
crimson on the Daisies, a tiny mound of turf. It has
been there since the end of last month ; and under it
lies the dear little favourite of nine summers— the little
black Skye terrier. We can now almost walk all
round the garden in deep cool shade ; such growth
the trees have made ! The broad walk must always
be exposed to the sun ; but from the west of it, across
the lawn where the old bowling green once was, the
distance from shade to shade lessens year by year, as
the trees grow on. There is alcharming well-shaded welt
along the grass, of purple Pansies and white Pinks, in
two thick lines ; and on the other side a very bright
dash of Lirananthes Douglasii has made a self-sown
edging. As if it enjoyed the pleasant coolness of a
north-west border, one lovely double Narcissus
beside the walk still lingers on in her
early freshness. When hot sunbeams pierce the
shade, every day I think must be her last. The
Spurge Laurel has relapsed into the plain dulness of
its summer state, but the Iris bank upon which it
grows is as lovely as heart can desire. Cedar and
Copper Beech, and one or two Firs, ca;t light
shadows upon the company of Irises, and help them
not to wither up too quick. The prevailing hue is
lilac, with stronger tones and yellows intermixed.
Each one in turn seems loveliest, but one chief
beauty, has broad petals of soft grey, most delicately
flushed, as it were, with pink. Then there are
Lilacs marked with deeper lines — white with Lilac
edges, and white, finely pencilled mauve ; En-
chantress, and several yellow variegatas, with lines of
red or brown ; pale yellow, with the three outer petals
intense velvety-purple ; and one, pale bluish, with
deep blue-purple velvet outside, and bright yellow
brush, well marked. These two are much better
than Darius, or the handsome sullen Versailles,
The sober old Marquise, too— who is, however, more
like Mrs, Delany in dove-coloured mode silk hood !
— after long delay, is there amongst the best. Does
any plant exist who loves not a corner or an edge ? — I
I think not one ; so a little corner here, where a narrow
grass path crosses the Iris bank into the Beech close,
is made especially lovely by the undesigned grouping
of three Irises, enriched by a background of green
Ferns and Beech. The centre of the group is a deep
red-purple Iris (from Vesuvius I believe), a finely-
coloured yellow and purple, and between them a pure
white. These grow tall and stately from out their
straight, stiff leaves, while a little Welsh Poppy,
established there by chance, brings in its crumpled
lemon-gold below with the happiest effect. Colour
effects, wherever they appear in our garden, are
seldom planned. Somehow it does not come
naturally to think, "Here there shall be blue
Larkspur and white Lilies," or there red Pop-
pies and something else. But it is quite an
exquisite delight to find the most beautiful
accidents of colour, in unexpected places, all about
the garden. Then these chances may give hints,
which we can take or not. At a corner behind the
dovecote there is a grand crimson Psony, mixed up
with brilliant orange Marigolds, some of them black-
eyed ;— red and yellow are splendid, if well used.
Against the brown dark of a Cryptomeria elegans stands
a tall Tulip like white china, painted and streaked
blood-red ; at least it is over now, but I see it al]
the same. This happened in the "Fantaisie." Then
there is a patch of Welsh Poppy, growing just as one
lO
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July ?, 1883.
finds a patch of Gentian, or white Crocus, on the
Alps, and with it London Pride, a mass of feathery
red, growing in the same way. Under the trees, one
meets a pallid Columbine looking like a ghost, and
just by chance, in the lilac Iris bed, occurs one rich
carmine Rose. I do not even think the delicately
refined colour combination of dwarf growing Gloire
de Dijon Roses and bronze Heartsease was quite in-
tentional ; they mix however, strangely well. And
the next bed of pink Roses, Prevost and Jules
Margottin, — and Mrs. Sinkins, white Pink, promises
to be an equal success.
One would fain stay for awhile the steps of the
summer flowers in the garden ; but these bright
daughters of the year, in long procession, flit by more
swiftly as each new day arises. They are in such a
hurry now to come and to be gone, alas 1 Even at
this very moment there are signs of the quick approach
of some of out latest loves. For in the east border,
among crimson Pseonies and lingering purple Iris,
appears already a single Dahlia ! In such a multitude
one hardly knows which flowers to note, they are all
so fair. But in the "Fantaisie," I think I could almost
let the Roses go, which are bursting into bloom as
bushes and as pillar Roses, — iust to keep it a little
longer as it is now.
Double white Rockets, and coloured, single yellow
Day Lily, and puce-purple Columbines, and Irises and
white stars of Nicotiana, rising over an edging of pink
and white Phlox Nelsoni, — on the shady side of the
border, now succeeding to the other— all these, and
many more, set off by Cupressus and Fir, interspersed
among the flowers beyond ; and flaring across the
grass walk, a great fiery scarlet oriental Poppy. With
the morning shining through it, the flower seems
made up of fire from the sun itself— the very purest
possible essence of scarlet. Several of these magnifi-
cent Poppies light up the garden at different points.
Their scarlet is a fast colour, neither wind nor sun
will scorch or change it in the least, and in this
quality it is superior to so many flowers, whose colours
fly directly— some much easier than others. The
brown Heartsease cannot stand the sun, while the
large purple one is scarcely moved. The crimson of
the Pceony flies; and the rose-red double Marguerite
scorches quickly. Lilac (except in Wistaria) seems
one of the fastest colours in the garden (raindrops
standing all night in a half faded lilac Iris become a
beautiful colour ! ) Altogether it seems that scarlet
yellows, and colours in which blue is mixed, stand
best. Besides the great scarlet Poppies, the Ilimi-
layans are coming on in all their varied pinks and reds
and whites; their large crumpled petals have the shape
and all the transparent delicacy of rare sea shells.
There is also a charming uncertainty as to the
particular colours, or amount of doubleness to be ex-
pected. Amongst the best are bright reds, with a
clear white eye, and pink-hemmed whites ; and when-
ever anything approaching a common field Poppy
makes its appearance amongst them— as often hap-
pens— it has to be pulled up immediately. Our
Columbines are not so fine as they were last summer ;
their flowers are not to large or so free in form. The
Californian, scarlet and yellow, is quite a miniature
of itself. There is, however, one fine plant with
flowers pale violet and primrose, and the various tints
of "crushed strawberry" are very lovely, especially in
the double Columbines.
15^/;.- Here is the middle of the month, and the
garden is more bewildering than ever ! For Rosebuds
in countless multitudes are blooming everywhere in
every part. And as the fashion is to call her so, we
must allow the Rose to be queen of flowers, and since
it is most true that Roses are
" Not royal in their smells alone, but in their hue,"
so, though my beloved Iris has not yet faded from the
garden, the Rose now must be worshipped. One by
one we have already greeted many of our old best
favourites. Amongst them Boursault came first,
climbing the south gables of the house ; then Souvenir
d'un Ami, large and full-flushed, at the very top of
the long bare stem of a climber, any age ; then Gloire
de Dijon, which though even more profuse in its
bloom than usual, has a something not quite right
about it this year— a sort of old expression, in the
flower. After that, Maiden's Blush and Moss Rose ;
a great wild bush of Boursault grows at the north end
of the garden — the flowers are lovely, recalling
a little in their colour and irregular shape what I
remember as " the Musk Rose," in the gardens of
former days. Coupe d'Hdbe, on the wall of the gar-
dener's cottage, is perfect in scent, and shape, and real
rose-colour. The yellow Brier is finer than usual,
and Damask Roses are opening fast. La France, too —
the Rose whose scent is made of the finest attar — has
delighted us with half a dozen beautiful blooms ; Blairi
No. 2, begins to crest the wire arches (one never hears
of No. I !) But among the Rose joys which abound
already, or that we still expect in endless succession,
none are so dear to me as one little ragged bush
covered now with small white Scotch Roses of exqui-
site perfume. This little Rose bush is forty-eight years
old to my certain knowledge. It was planted by my
father in 1835, and may possibly then have been
some years old. Since 1846 it has been mine. Last
year it showed some sign of feebleness, so we moved
it from the over-crowded place where it had been for
eleven years into a newly made bed with a south
aspect. There, with a companion of the same kind,
it promises to take a new lease of life. Strange that
such a little Rose should thus live on well-nigh half a
century, calmly putting forth its leaf and bloom sum-
mer after summer, whilst so many of the men and
women who knew it once have passed away. It
somehow makes one think of the old monk pointing
to the frescoes on his convent walls and saying,
"These are the realities, we are the shadows."
One last word must be said for the blue and green
of Anchusa italica at the southern end of the broad
walk, and the beds of white Pinks (these must be the
old-fashioned " maiden pinks of odour faint ") mix-
ing their perfume deliciously with Musk, The beds
and large patches of that beautiful white Pink, Mrs.
Sinkins, are very good this season. They are, as
Bacon would say, "fast flowers of their smell," in
flavour like Clove Carnations. E. V, B,
MESSRS. PAUL & SON'S HARDY
PLANT NURSERY.
If anything more were wanted to show the great
demand for hardy herbaceous, alpine, and other plants
of this class, it would be found in the fact that the
great Rose firm of the " Old Nurseries," Cheshunt,
Herts, have found it necessary to form a nursery of
6 acres at Broxbourne, especially lor their culture.
The ground has been in the hands of Messrs. Paul
for nineteen months only, but in that time all the
preliminary work of trenching, digging, forming
paths, &c., has been completed. A house specially
adapted for storing hardy bulbs has been constructed
on the system of the Dutch growers in Holland.
Hedges and other screens adapted for sheltering
seedlings, cuttings, &c., have been prepared and
planted, and a new rockery is in the course of forma-
tion, which will, as it ought to, be a pattern for others
contemplating the formation of rockeries for hardy
plants. It is on a scale of sufficient magnitude to
provide space for thousands of choice alpines, and the
stones have been arranged so that easy access can be
obtained to all parts of it ; and, what is also ol the
greatest importance, sufficient depth of soil has been
provided for the plants that send their roots to the
greatest depth. Two classes of stone have already
been used, viz., Kentish Rag from Maidstone, which
is brought up in barge loads of 70 tons each ; but for
many plants Mr. Paul stated that he preferred a softer
stone which crumbles a little at first, although it
hardens after ; this is brought from Norfolk by rail,
and is termed Norfolk Carr-stone.
Adjoining the rock garden there is to be a space
provided for bog plants, and this bog garden will
have a background of heavy granite blocks which will
be partially covered with suitable plants. Although
the rock garden is not yet finished it has been planted
to a considerable extent with plants that are doing
remarkably well. Many are at present in flower, and
show by their free and healthy growth how well they
are adapted for the positions provided for them. It
is needless to say that rocks should be arranged on
the natural system, to show the way in which they
crop out from the side of the hill or mountain. This
is one thing, but the most important arrangement is
that which admits of the plants taking firm hold of
the soil ; the rocks are necessary to shelter them, and
to provide material for them to cling to.
The Dianthus family make the best of rock plants,
and Messrs, Paul's collection contains many rare and
beautiful species. The rather miffy D. neglectus was
growing and flowering freely, at least freely for it.
The flowers are large for such a dwarf, tufty plant, of
a vivid rose colour : it likes the crumbly soft rock to
grow in, and a porous soil. It died outright in heavy
soil, D. deltoides albus, of much freer growth, was
producing a mass of flowers, pure white with a bright
red ring round the eye. It is a lovely little plant,
and being of such free growth would do well in the
front row of the herbaceous border. D. monspessulanus
was producing perfect masses of rosy-blush flowers,
borne on slender stems a foot high ; it favours good
deep loam of a sandy nature, and would also make a
good border plant. D. atrorubens, another dwarf
species, with richly coloured rosy-red flowers. D.
cruentus is one of the most striking of the whole
species in the collection. Its heads of rich crimson
coloured flowers are borne on upright stems, 2 feet
high, and from its free growth would adapt itself to
any soil or garden. D. hybridus abbotsfordiensis has
very sweet-scented double purplish-coloured flowers ;
an excellent garden variety. D. Mari Pari — under
this name is a garden hybrid with pure white double
flowers, which would be charming to cut for small
bouquets.
Primulas are being planted to a large extent, and
Mr. Paul has acted wisely in giving them a north
aspect, P, Auricula marginata is the prettiest form
of the species that has been found in a wild state ;
its slightly farinose leaves have a narrow white
margin, P. capitata was also doing well ; this is one
of the most distinct and beautiful of the whole genus.
It throws up trusses of dark rich maroon-purple
flowers during the months of June and July when most
of the others are over. P, luteola flowers with it ; its
soft yellow flowers and bold Apple-scented leaves
constitute this a distinct and desirable plant, P,
Munroi was also growing freely, and is an excellent
late-flowering species, which increases more rapidly
than any other, P. Wulfeniana, P. spectabilis and
P. suffruticosa were also doing well ; and noticeable
in a snug nook was a healthy tuft of that little gem
from the Austrian mountains — P. minima. This
species does not flower freely, but its isolated rosy
flowers, an inch across on such a tiny plant, are very
charming. P. suffruticosa is establishing itself well.
Does any one know whether this species has flowered
in Britain ?
Some of the species of Heron's Bill are admirably
adapted for the rock garden. Erodium macradenium
is a dwarf, very pretty species ; the flowers are pale
rose, with darker veins ; it likes the sunny side of the
rockwork — a south or west exposure. A rare and
pretty dwarf species, also in flower, is E. cheilanthi-
folium ; the flowers of this are pale rose with delicate
red veins. E. Reichardi, very pretty indeed ; the
orbicular leaves cushion the ground, above which its
pretty white flowers are very pleasing. Amongst the
genus Catchfly, the prettiest little plant in the collec-
tion is Silene alpestris ; it spreads freely into a good
mass, and produces its pure white flowers very freely
indeed. A distinct species. S. Reginse is very
showy at a distance, owing to its striking scarlet
flowers, A form of the Creeping Bugle, Ajuga
reptans or alpina, raised by Mr, Brockbank and
named Brockbankii, is extremely pretty, and succeeds
in dry soil as well almost as it does in a moist place.
Lychnis viscaria splendens plena is the best form of
this species ; it is not very particular as to soil or
position. A species of Phyteuma, P. Charmelii, was
growing and producing its flowers freely on stems a
foot high ; the heads of bloom are pale in colour. One
would like to see the rather singular looking P. co-
mosum grow so freely as this. Mr. Paul lately saw the
last-named growing freely at Zurich in the chinks of
the rockwork.
Oxalis enneaphylla,'the riine-Ieaved Oxalis, isa very
distinct looking plant ; it was growing freely and show-
ing flower. Campanula Waldsteiniana, a small grow-
ing, rather rare species, was doing well. It forms a
mass of bloom.
Edraianthus dalmaticus, showing flower, was doing
well on a south andwest aspect protected by rock.
Sedum Ewersii forms a pretty contrast against
masses of the Norfolk Carr-stone. Lithospermum
petrseum, a very pretty species, with pale blue flowers,
which show two shades, like the common Lungwort,
L. graminifolium, was doing well ; it is a rare species,
not yet in flower. Acantholimon venustum, a rare
species, showing flower : it succeeds on dry banks.
Saxifraga retusa is very attractive. Arenaria balearica,
clinging to the rocks and showing its small white
flowers, is very pretty. Opuntias; such as O. Rafines-
quiana, O. arborescens, and O. Camanchica, seem to
do well.
Leaving the rockwork reluctantly, and rambling
JiLY 7, 1883-1
THE GAkDENERS' CHRONICLE.
II
amongst beds, borders, and pot plants, many plants
well adapted to adorn the fiower garden are met with.
Here is the pretty single Rose, Rosa berberifolia. A
boxful of Anthericum liliago, producing its slender
spikes of pure white flowers very freely. Mertensia
maritima (the Oyster plant), producing freely its deep
blue flowers in pots. Agave utensis, a distinct little
plant and quite hardy. A distinct and good Compo-
site flower for the border is llieracium aurantiacum ;
the flowers, freely produced, are reddish-orange.
Narcissus montaniis, said by some not to produce
seeds, had two sccd-pods formed, and which seemed
to be well filled.
Houstonia serpyllifolia is well worth notice ; the
pale blue flowers on small dwarf plants with round
leaves are distinct and pretty. The dwarf Cistus
florentinus produces freely its pretty white flowers on
dwarf plants. Omphalodes Lucilice, in a well shel-
tered corner, is doing fairly well, and is in flower.
Amongst strong growing border plants Erodium
Manescavi is very showy ; its umbels of rosy-purple
flowers, of large size, are very handsome. Anchusa
italica, in large masses of deep blue flowers, is con-
spicuous, also the variety azurea, with paler flowers.
Phlox ovata, with stems i foot high, clothed to the
base almost with rosy-red flowers, is a splendid
border plant. Agrostemma coronaria and A. Flos
Jovis may well find a place in every large border :
they are very showy. Tradescantia virginica alba is
a very large flowered form with very pure white
flowers. Geum miniatum, a very pretty form with
orange-red flowers, is a hybrid between! coccineum
and aureum. Aquilegia chrysantha is flowering in
the borders in very large masses. These are a few, a
very few, of the hardy plants in good form, and one
may safely predict that this will in a year or two be
one of the most interesting nurseries in the neighbour-
hood of London.
GRAPE CULTIVATION IN
JERSEY.
There are two or three objects of agri-horticultural
interest in Jersey which invariably rivet the attention
of strangers upon their first coming to the island.
The profusion, rich tints, high perfume, and above all
the early blooming of its flowers, is one of these
attractions ; the universal extent to which the Potato
is raised for the first of spring markets is another ;
and the third shows itself in the large degree of culti-
vation the Grape enjoys in the fertile and picturesque
little land, where, putting aside those who are gowers
by professional calling, there is scarce a gardener or
petty farmer who won't point out to you, in some nook
or corner of his grounds, a vinery more or less large,
more or less good, under the "crystal canopy" of
which he is producing black and white Grapes for
pleasure or for profit. Moreover, "whene'er you
take your walks abroad," whether in town or country,
you will rarely — perhaps we may even say never —
come upon either a pretentious mansion, ornamented
villa, or even "a cottage of gentility," where the
desideratum of a " glass house " for the fruit of the
Vine exists not — Hie et ubiqiie is Vitis vinifera's motto
here, and, indeed, in the Channel Islands generally.
But need it be said that, as there are growers and
growers galore in Jersey, so also there are Grapes and
Grapes there — fruit in some cases poor in appearance,
inferior in gustatory character ; fruit obtained one can
hardly say how, but certainly by rule of thumb treat-
ment, and without the faintest knowledge of the habits
and idiosyncracies of its mother plant, and, per contra^
fruit which, brought to the tzawi^ of perfection by all
the aids of science and art, holds its head high, and
rivals — if, indeed, it cannot excel — the very best pro-
duce of the very best Grape-growing localities. The
London or provincial dealer will not hesitate in say-
ing that, barring a very few exceptional and highly
favoured vineries, he would rather deal with the
Channel Islands hothouse Grapethan with any other
of, so to speak, our home growths, and that for deli-
cacy, fleshmess, juiciness, flavour, size and earliness,
it ranks A I in his own and his customers' estimation.
How long has the Jerseyman taken to become the
extensive Grape grower we at present recognise his
being? That he has had the Vine located in his
habitat for many and many a century may be put
down as certain ; for as we know that it flourished to
a small extent in Normandy at and prior to the Con-
quest of England, so we may fairly assume that it was
transported from that duchy to the Channel Islands,
to give it the opportunity of prospering yet more in
their more genial and suitable climates. But, putting
aside the time that Jersey may or may not have pos-
sessed the plant, and leaving out of the question
speculations as to any manner of way in which its
husbandmen may have dealt with its cultivation, we
come to this fact, that not two decades have passed
away since they devoted their energies to the industry
with such zeal as resulted in the exportation last year
for the London and provincial markets of a quantity
of Grapes exceeding lOO tons, the great bulk of which
was the Black Hamburgh, with, however, a mixture
besides of Muscats, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and,
sparsely, one or two other varieties. The Black
Hamburgh and the Muscat are the Grapes upon
which the ordinary Channel Islands grower pins his
faith ; few other kinds receive from him ihe slightest
attention.
We have just written " ordinary grower," and have
done so advisedly, because we purpose briefly and
roughly to divide the Jersey Grape cultivators into
two broad classes, and to show how they both manage
to output from their vineries across "LaManche,"
exclusiveof that for home consumption, the number of
tons of fruit mentioned — lOO to wit. Several growers
we have in our mind's eye will pardon our styling
them the Inapts ; a few more we elect to call the
Experts.
To begin with the former. They have sited their
glasshouses anywhere, in any handy nook or corner
of their grounds. They have contented themselves
with the ordinary soil for their borders ; taken no
note of its component character, whether that salt was
in excess, this in deficiency ; they have certainly
gone to the manure-heap for their fertiliser, but that
is all. Up to a certain point they have pruned their
Vines, thinned their fruit, watered and ventilated ;
and they have obtained crops, sometimes heavy and
of good quality, but more often poor and inferior.
Their Vines — it is a tolerant and enduring sufferer is
Vitis vinifera — have flourished up to a given point,
but then, feeling the want of their natural sustenance,
have fallen away, pined, and ceased from bearing
good fruit ; although we admit that harsh, acrid, dry
bunches of berries will for many years be found upon
them, for the longevity and fructification of the Vine
is proverbial.
The Expert — we have two or three in view, though
for description's sake we select one — has taken care
to give such an aspect to his vineries that his Vines
shall enjoy all the advantages of sunshine and heat
together with the genial influences of the temperate
atmosphere of the island. The manure-pit which
the Inapt, as before said, depends upon is quite a
secondary consideration with him we are noting.
Once in five years he gives a dressing of a mixture of
poultry and good stable-manure to his borders ;
another year he uses therein slaked or sulphate of
lime, and in the intervals between the animal and
alkaline donations he employs a fertiliser of phos-
phates and nitrogenous salts — a composition of his
own. As to his resorting to deer parks, or to old
pastures, for the material for his borders, as recom-
mended by so many authorities, without for one mo-
ment deprecating the method, the gentleman in ques-
tion might just as easily go to Jerusalem for the soil
of Palestine. They have no existence in Jersey. But
this is how he sets to work : —
He first carefully analyses that portion of Mother
Earth whereon he has built, or is about to build, his
vinery ; and, thus cognisant of what its components
are, and what they should be for furnishing to the
Vine and its fruit their natural principles, he adds to
the soil such salts and other material as he sees it de-
ficient in ; and, as a general rule, he finds here in
Jersey that lime and phosphoric acid are what it
materially needs. He then equalises the soil of the
borders, taking especial care that there is no differ-
ence in any spot throughout where earthy components
preponderate or are decreased, but that there is the
proper proportion everywhere. So much for that
part of his work.
The Vines having been started in pots from eyes of
well-ripened wood, he usually plants in the border
when about i foot high, and trains up to the height of
the roof of the vinery that same season, and the fol-
lowing, lest by any overstrain they shouiJ be the
least weakened, allows but one bunch of Grapes to
grow and ripen upon each stem. It is then his prac-
tice to cut back a certain portion of the Vine every
year for six or seven years — until, in truth, it has
attained its full vigour, and is bearing to the entire
extent of the roof, by which time the Grapes are
equal in size and in quality from the top to the bottom
of the stem. While the growth is going on the
"fertiliser" we have hinted at before has been
applied every three or four weeks for stimulation, and
water, which the plant so loves, has been given picno
rivo^ Under this scientific treatment the annual pro-
duct of this Expert, already very considerable, will
yield 25 tons at least of first quality Grapes every
year,
A rude outline sketch of this gentleman's properly
may not be inappropriate here. It covers 14 acres,
and has close upon a mile of glass devoted to Grape
culture. One house alone, span-roof, is nearly 900
feet long by 132 feet wide, and is planted 'with Gros
Colmar Vines just producing fruit. Another of the
same size is now in course of construction, to be de-
voted solely to Muscats; and a "lean-to," 600 feet
in length, for Black Hamburghs, to be in the market
early in April, is the finest he possesses out of ten
other noble ones. AVe saw the crop of this vinery in
bearing this year. There were hundreds of bunches
of 2 lb., 3 lb., and some up to 4 lb. in weight, and
"the purple clusters blushing through the green" in
all their wealth of bloom and richness, were as
pleasing a picture to the eye as a tempting bonne
bouche to the palate.
There are other Grape growers in Jersey, Experts
in character, whose vineries, although not so exten-
sive, come close to our acquaintance in the quality of
their fruit, but space prevents our dwelling upon
them. Enough has been said to substantiate the fact
of the large share in the Grape trade the wee islet
occupies, H. L. C.
THE SPECIES OF TULIPA.— V-
(Continued from p. 788, voK xix.)
Sub-genus Tulipa proper. — Stigma sessile.
Section 3. Gesnerianfr. — Filaments without a tuft
of hairs at the base. Bulb-coats glabrous or furnished
with a few adpressed hairs inside. Perianth cam-
panulate, usually typically bright red. Leaves usually
broad.
Sub-section 3. — Peduncle glabrous. Perianth-
segments all six broadly rounded at the apex, with a
small cusp in the centre.
21. T. Gcsftcn'ana, Linn. — This is evidently the
original stock of most of the late-flowering garden
forms. It is marked by its large bulb, with the outer
coats with a few adpressed hairs inside, robust habit,
3 — 4 broad leaves, glabrous erect peduncle, large
campanulate flower with all the six segments broadly
rounded at the apex, when bright red with only an
obscure basal blotch, and by its very large crisped
stigmas, which are half an inch in diameter. There
are wild specimens in the Kew herbarium from
Sarepta, Prescott ; Odessa, Besser ; the Crimea,
Steven; the Caucasus, Hohenacker ; the mountains
of Armenia, where it ascends to 6000 or 7000 feet,
Zohrab and Huet du Parillon ; Kurdistan, Captain
Garden; and Songaria, Schrenk. Here no doubt
belong T. Schrenki, Regel, figured Bot. Jlfa^.,
t. 6439, which represents the original wild stock of
the species with flowers not more than I — 1\ inch
long, Boissier's T. armena, the Florentine T,
spathulata of Bertoloni, figured Bo(, Bex., vol. xxiv.,
t. 36, often called T. Gesneriana var. Strangwaisii in
gardens, T. fulgens, Hort., with bright scarlet
flowers with a yellow eye and yellow stamens, and
the variable race of Parrot Tulips, T. Gesneriana var.
Dracontia, of which there are figures in Redoute's
/J/iaeciCy tab. 47S, and in F/ore des Scrres, tab. 2211,
under the name of T. turcica.
22. T. macrospcila^ Baker.— Bulb, stature and
leaves of T. Gesneriana. Peduncle glabrous. Peri-
anth campanulate, bright crimson, z\ — 3 inches long,
all the six segments decidedly obtuse, l^ — i^ inch
broad, with a large, distinct, nearly black, cuneate
blotch, with a broad yeilowish-white border, filling up
the whole claw. Stamens black, one-third as long as
the perianth, the lanceolate filament as long as the
anther. Stigmas \ inch in diameter, much crisped.
Flowers late in May. Differs from T. maculata by
its large stigma and glabrous peduncle. Doubtless it
is a hybrid between T. Gesneriana and some other
species. It was shown by Mr. Loder lately at South
Kensington under the name of " T. Gesneriana," and
I have just received a boxful of it from Messrs. E. H.
Krelage & Son, of Haarlem, who have no name for
it and do not know its origin.
12
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..
[July 7, 1S83.
23. T. platysligma, Jord., Ic, tab. i5. — Stature
of T. Gesneriana, with four broad undulated leaves,
a glabrous peduncle, a campanulate magenta-red
flower 2\ — 3 inches long, with obovate-oblong seg-
ments, with a blue-tinted claw with a yellow spot
in the middle, and a very large stigma. Supposed to
be a native of Dauphine, but I cannot distinguish it
clearly from some of the garden forms of Gesneriana.
24. T. Koi-olko-oi, Regel. — A Central Asian
species, known to us in England only from the de-
scription and figure in the Titrkestan Flora, p. 136,
tab. 22, figs. 6 and 7. Outer bulb-tunics lined with
adpressed hairs. Stem in the wild plant 6—9 inches
long, bearing 2—3 short lanceolate falcate leaves,
with a crisped margin. Peduncle short, erect,
glabrous. Perianth red, campanulate, the segments
furnished with a distinct black blotch at the base, the
inn^ oblong subobtuse, the outer obovate, broadly
rounded at the tip. Filament lanceolate, glabrous,
equalling the linear-oblong anther. Stigma small.
25. T. Boi-sczo-ci'i, Regel. — Another Central
Asian species, closely allied to the last, of which we
have good dried specimens in the Kew herbarium,
and which has been figured in the Turkestan Flora,
tab. 21, anA Botanical Magazine, tab. 6635. Dwarfer
than Gesneriana, the outer tunics of the bulb densely
clothed with adpressed, straight, pale-brown hairs
inside. Leaves four, with a distinct cartilaginous very
crisped border, the lower one lanceolate. Peduncle
glabrous. Perianth bright red in the type, I^i^ inch
long in the wild specimens, all the segments obovate-
oblong, obtuse with a cusp at the tip, and furnished
with a large brown-black Oculus*solis-like basal
blotch, margined with yellow. In the form figured
in the Botanical Magazine the flowers are yellow,
without any basal blotch. Lanceolate glabrous
filament as long as the yellow linear oblong anther.
Stigma large. This and the last seem very near to
one another, and to difl'er from Gesneriana mainly by
the distinct blotch at the base of the perianth seg-
ments.
26. T. Boissieri, Regel. — Bulb not seen. Stem
slender, about a foot long. Leaves two, linear,
grass-like, a foot long, not more than \ — ^ inch
broad, quite glabrous, not at all crisped,- tapering to
the point. Peduncle slender, glabrous, erect, ^ foot
long. Perianth deep red, I J inch long, all the seg-
ments obtuse, not distinctly blotched at the base.
Linear glabrous filaments J inch long, equalling the
linear-oblong anthers. Stigma very small. This I
know only from a single dried specimen collected
near Ramleh in Palestine by Dr. Roth. It is referred
by Boissier, in Flora Orienlalis, to T. raontana,
but the leaf is totally different.
27. T. tetrapkylla, Regel, Fl. Turkest., p, 141,
tab. 21, figs. 8, 9, 10. — Ivnown to us in England only
from the figure in the Turkestan Flora. Very dwarf,
with four curved linear leaves near the base of the
glabrous peduncle, which is not more than i — 14 inch
long, and a yellow flower 2 inch long, with six
uniform, narrow, obovate, obtuse segments. Anther
linear-oblong, equalling the dilated glabrous filaments.
Habit of T. Biebersteiniana and triphylla. The
reference in Regel's conspectus to a figure in the Oar-
tenflora is a mistake. The plant figured at the plate
cited is T. triphylla.
28. T. Behmiana, Regel, Dcscr., fasc. vii., p. 219.
— Known to us in England only from the description
cited. A dwarf yellow-flowered species with bulb-
coats pilose inside, four leaves with crisped margins,
the lower lanceolate, the upper linear, a glabrous
peduncle, a small yellow perianth, with all the six
segments obovate-cuspidate, and linear glabrous
filaments. Gathered by Dr. A. Regel on the banks
of the river Hi in Central Asia near Iliisk. J. G.
Baker,
{To he continued.)
\}\\ Iciikii
cous
oii(let{.
Bloomeria aurea and Brodi.-ea ixioides. —
The latter will, perhaps, be better known by the
name which is usually given it, viz., Calliprora lutea,
but it belongs to a section of the genus Brodisea.
The present remarks have been drawn forth owing to
what I consider the general confusion respecting these
plants. During several years' observations and deal-
ings with bulbous plants I have frequently known
Brodisea ixioides substituted for Bloomeria aurea, and
rarely vice vcrscl, as the latter is much the rarer of the
two, and not easily obtained in quantity. Last autumn
1 received— rather thought I had — Bloomeria aurea
from three dealers — two American and one Conti-
nental—the result being that the bulbs obtained from
the latter are all B. ixioides, while one of the Ameri-
can lots are the same, and the other the correct thing
— and many previous consignments have turned out
in the same fashion, which is of course vexing. But
such errors are without doubt unintentional, especi-
ally on the part of the American- dealers, whose
collectors might easily make a mistake ; but the case
is different with our Continental growers, who are
supposed at least to grow bulbs previous to despatch-
ing them. And, to bring the matter nearer home, it
is a pity that this same error should be affected by
our British dealers in bulbs— I do not write without
actual knowledge of its occurrence ; to the purchaser
it is very unfair, as the price quoted for the Bloomeria
is usually double that of the Brodi^a ixioides. The
plants, although both yellow-flowered, and with um-
bellate inflorescences, are nevertheless distinct, as
shown by the accompanying sketches. Struc-
turally they are decidedly distinct : in Bloomeria
the segments of the perianth are divided to the base,
and the stamens in one row at the base, while in
Brodisea the perianth segments are only divided about
half way down — rather more in this species — while
the stamens are at the top of the tube, or upon its
inner wall : a distinction clear enough for everybody.
I may mention that the name of Bloomeria aurea
was given by Kellogg, and the same plant is figured
in the Botanical Magazine, t. 5S96, under the name of
Nothoscordum aureum, native of Southern California.
Brodisea ixioides is known under the various aliases
of Calliprora lutea (fig. Botanical Magazine, t. 3588) ;
Milla ixioides, Baker ; Ornithogalum ixioides. Ait. f.,
Ilort, Kew, 2, 257. They are both well worth
growing, the latter being undoubtedly the prettiest
and more hardy of the two — excellent plants for
pots or borders, being so very distinct and pretty. T.
Herbaceous Plants at the Chad Vale
Nursery, Birmingham. — Amongst those who in
recent years have shaped their course to meet the
revived demand for herbaceous and alpine plants,
Mr. Vertegans stands conspicuous, the soil and
climate at the Chad Vale grounds being alike of a
nature to suit them. From the limited opportunity
which a hurried visit admitted, the collection appears
to be of a select character, which is as it should be ;
no conceivable good can come of cultivating unlimited
collections of these plants got together without judg-
ment or discrimination as to their merits, as where
worthless, rubbishy kinds are brought under the
notice of those who have yet to make acquaintance
with herbaceous plants, such are not likely to in-
crease the liking for them. Amongst those largely
grown are Anthericums, including the beautiful A.
liliastrum. Phloxes, Pyrethrums, Rockets, Cam-
panulas, Potentillas, Carnations, Pinks, bedding
Pansies, and Violas, with a host of others of a like
handsome, free-flowering character, indispensable in
every garden where something more is required than
the ordinary summer bedding plants, which are well
enough in their way, but not enough to give that
variety and seasonable succession which constitutes
the charm of a garden. Ixias and Sparaxis do finely,
and are largely grown. Amongst Violas, Queen of
Spring as here seen was a mass of pure yellow, the
flowers literally touching each other.
Arnica Montana. — Will "Daf" oblige me by
sending a flower and root-leaf of his Arnica montana
to me or to the Editor of the Gardeners^ Chronicle for
verification ? For, if it is true, I should like to enter
into negotiations with him for a supply. I find
Arnica montana a very difficult plant to obtain, and
still more difficult to keep alive, common as it is in
some parts of the Alps ; in fact, I have only once
kept it alive through winter. I have a plant of it
now in flower bearing ten blooms on one stalk, but
the flowers are small, and I know that it will die
after flowering. I have lately seen Senecio doroni-
cum, a very different plant both in habit and ease of
cultivation, sent out by a London firm as Arnica
montana. It is true that the two plants bear a strong
external resemblance ; but Arnica montana, if it
would flower as it does in its native haunts — from
which I have seen only dried specimens — is infinitely
finer than the Senecio, which increases here quite
like a weed. I find Arnica montana, both flower
and leaf, accurately figured in Curtis' Botanical
Magazine, vol. 42, No. 1749. The plant there
figured was obtained from the Chelsea Botanic
Garden in the days of Salisbury. C. IV. Dod,
June 18. [The plants sent with this were Arnica
montana var. angustifolia, and Senecio doionicum.
Ed]
FLOWERS IN SEASON.
From Messrs. Rodger McClelland & Co., of Newry,
come : —
Spir^a splendens, a charming half-shrubby form,
growing to a height of about 9—12 inches, and well
suited for the rockwork. The whole plant is smooth ;
stems flexuose, reddish ; leaves about ij inch long by
I inch in breadth, oblong obtuse, coarsely toothed ;
flowers in dense terminal clusters, deep reddish-pink,
Hypericum sinense. — A good greenhouse plant
of middle size, with sessile glabrous oblong lanceolate
leaves in pairs, each about 24 inches long by i inch
broad. The flowers are in loose terminal clusters,
each with a long reddish stalk. The five sepals are
ovate oblong, spreading, destitute of marginal glands,
and much shorter than the deep yellow globose
corolla.
Campanula bononiensis. — A dwarf species, with
small stalked ovate acute, slightly-toothed, deep green
hairy leaves, and solitary bell-shaped corollas, each
about \\ inch long, deep violet, and encircled by
a much shorter calyx, the five lobes of which are
linear.
Calceolaria Kellyana, said to be quite hardy
at Newry. A small species, the flower-stalks covered
with viscid hairs, each flower nearly an inch long,
with a short hood-like upper lip ending in a point,
and a much longer bag-shaped lower lip, orange-
yellow with reddish-brown spots.
Jurinea alata, a Centaurea-Iike plant, 2 — 3 feet
high, with bold lyrate leaves tapering to a stalk,
dark green above, snowy-white beneath. The upper
leaves on the stem are much smaller and " decurrent,"
that is, the base of the leaf is attached to the sides of
the stem, causing the latter to appear winged. The
flower-heads are numerous, borne at the ends of long,
wiry, erect, leafless or nearly leafless stalks. Each
head is nearly globular, i\ inch across, with very
numerous tubular five-parted pale violet florets, sur-
rounded by an involucre of very numerous small linear
bracts in many rows, the outer greenish and bent
downwards, the inner rather longer, purplish, and
erect.
Salvia candelabrum. — A very handsome species,
with purplish stem ; flowers loosely arranged in erect
clusters. Each flower is supported by an erect or
ascending stalk with a tubular cup-shaped calyx with
five ovate lobes, and studded with glandular hairs.
The corollas are \\ inch in length, with a whitish
tube and a two-lipped limb ; the upper lip is much
the shortest, hooded, pale violet ; the lower lip has
two small side lobes, and one central one much
larger, rich violet, with a central white blotch,
Sidalcea malviflora is a tall-growing Mallow-
like plant, with deeply palmately divided leaves, the
segments of which are lanceolate. The flowers are
numerous, in dense erect clusters, rosy-lilac in the
type, white in the variety Candida,
Serapias cordigera. — A terrestrial Orchid, with
purplish stems 12—15 inches high ; leaves lanceolate,
flowers in terminal erect clusters, each supported by a
lanceolate bract, deep reddish-purple, with a glaucous
bloom. The sepals form a hood, beyond which pro-
jects the relatively large trowel-shaped lip, of a wine-
purple colour, thinly beset with whitish hairs, which
serve to entangle aphides and other undesirable
visitors.
HYBRIDS.
There really is no telling what surprises the
hybridist may have in store for us. Till Mr. Culver-
well, the other day, showed us a hybrid between
the Black Currant and the Gooseberry {see p. 635,
vol. xix.), we should have doubted, not the possibility
but certainly the probability of such a cross, and still
more should we have doubted the probability of cross-
ing the Stawberry and the Raspberry. Nevertheless,
we believe Mr. Culverwell has effected that cross,
although at present he has not succeeded in producing
Strawberries on Raspberry canes. With the speci-
men before us, however, we can have no doubt that
a commingling of the two plants has been obtained,
and in future we may look for the fruit. The
specimen before us has the stem of the Rasp-
berry but without its prickles. The shape of the
leaves, as will be seen from our illustration (fig. 3),
is more like that of the Strawberry than that of the
Raspberry, the three leaflets being closely approxi-
mate, instead of the central leaflet being raised on a
July 7, 'SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
13
long stalk, separating it from the lower ones, as in
the Raspberry. The pubescence on the upper surface
is like that of the Strawberry, but the under surface
has the hoary appearance of the Raspberry. The
stipules at the base of the leaf are more like those of
and Hibiscus. Still by artificial fertilisation, or by
recrossing the flowers, no doubt a change might also
be brought about in the flowers as well as in the other
organs. In the present case, Mr. Culverwell tells
US the cross flowered profusely, like the hybrid Goose-
dry core of the Raspberry, while the succulent pips of
the latter are the representatives of the dry nutlet of
the Strawberry. A botanist would be somewhat
excited at a cross between the two, while the more
practical public would hail with delight the produc-
FlG. 3.— A HYDRID RASPBERRY. (SEE I". 12.)
the Raspberry than those of the Strawberry. It is a
curious circumstance, that in many hybrids the inter-
mixture is manifest in the vegetative organs — stems,
leaves, &c., while the flowers are either not deve-
loped, fail to come to maturity, or show little or no
sign of the cross. Thus has it been with the attempts
at crossing Geraniums and Pelargoniums, Abutilons
berry-Currant, which he sent us some time since, but
none of the flowers set. We should have liked to
have seen some of the flowers, as Mr. Culverwell
does not tell us whether they most resembled those of
the Raspberry or of the Strawberry. The botanical
differences are considerable, and everyone knows that
the edible part of the Strawberry corresponds to the
lion of Strawberries on Raspberry canes. Perhaps
the slugs might take an opposite view. At any rate,
they are safe at present, for Mr. Culverwell has not
yet effected this marvel, but with the evidence before
us, which we may say was much more obvious to the
eye in the fresh specimen than in the illustration, we
at least cannot say it is not possible.
H
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 7, 1883.
cl|id ^'otcii and |kitninr|f).
Odontoglossums and Masdevallias at Mr.
Winn's, Birmingham. — There are few Orchids that
make such a gorgeous display as Odontoglossum
vexillarium, when existent in such numbers and
vigorous condition as the grand collection at Uplands
has attained. Promising as this species was when it
first flowered, few were prepared for the sight which
it presented when massed together in quantity, as
recently to be seen at the above-named place ; the
various shades, from deep pink to white, which the
different forms afford, give a combination of colour
such as to be found in few plants. Amongst them
were some of the finest forms existing, alike remark-
able for size of flower and depth of colour ; one plant
bore thirty spikes, forming a mass of bloom which all
but hid the leaves and bulbs. The large and well
grown collection of cool species of the family fill a
house 90 feet long, and are in equally fine condition.
In the O. crispums are quantities of the finest large-
flowered broad petalled varieties ; in all the varied forms
of shading and spotting which this sportive species ex-
hibits a considerable number were still in bloom.
Masdevallias thrive most luxuriantly, attaining size and
substance of leaf such as gives proof of the treatment
they receive being right ; amongst them are all the
favourite varieties, including the best forms of M.
Harryana, M. Lindeni, and M. Veitchii, with M.
bella, M. trochilus, M. macrura, M. Winnii, M.
radiosa, M. chim^era Wallisii, and other varieties.
In the large general assemblage of well managed
Orchids here, Cattleyas and Laelias are deserving of
especial notice, for their strong thick bulbs and stout
leaves, flowering as these fine germs invariably do,
where treated so as to exhibit their natural vigour.
In them may be mentioned C. gigas, C. labiata, C,
Mendeli, C. Warneri, C. Trianx, C. speciosissima,
C. exoniensis ; Lxlia purpurala, L. Turneri, L.
elegans ; with a host of others in a condition that
gives promise of their continuing to increase in size
and healthy vigour — a consummation of which there
is little doubt, from the good light houses the collec-
tion are grown in, and the rational treatment they are
subjected to, by the admission of enough air, plenty
of light, and an absence of more heat than requisite.
Mr. Chamberlain's Orchids at Highbury,
Birmingham. — Amongst the collection of Orchids
that have been formed in recent years this is the most
extensive, all the different sections of cool, inter-
mediate, and hot species, are alike well represented,
filling several good-sized houses. In getting the col-
lection together, the sensible course of obtaining im-
ported plants in stout pieces has, we understand, been
mainly followed. There is much of the interest
inseparable from uncertainty attached to this mode of
forming a collection of these variable plants, not alone
in the observance of the progress they make in
regaining strength after the trying ordeal they pass
through, by being stripped from the trees where
established, huddled together in close packages during
their long transit, subjected as they are to almost
every condition opposed to that which their nature
requires ; but, added to this, there is the chance of
there being prizes or blanks in the good or in-
ferior varieties they prove to be, when the flowers
open, which collectively has all the charm attached
to the hybridising and raising of seedling flowers.
In the warm division Vandas, Aerides, Dendrobiums,
and others of a like character that require most heat
are extensively represented and are thriving well.
Philienopsis, of which there are a large number,
occupying one side of a house, look well and are
doing satisfactorily. The principal block of houses,
some thirteen in number, with a large conservatory
and a Fern-house — the latter arranged in the natural
style — are span-roofed, standing ends north and south.
To the whole of these houses there is access, without
passing out-of-doors, from a long roomy corridor to
which they adjoin ; at the northern end, to the back
of this corridor, facing north, is the cool Orchid-house,
hip-roofed, wherein are grown the Odontoglossums
and Masdevallias, along with such species as Epiden-
drum vitellinum, Sophronites grandiflora, and other
cool kinds, which look well, and from the character
and position of the house can scarcely fail to continue to
do so ; the cream of the favourite varieties of the differ-
ent species are here located, flowering in a way that gives
evidence of their well doing. The intermediate divi-
sion contains a quantity of Odontoglossum vexillarium,
blooming freely ; amongst them are some fine forms
with large highly-coloured flowers, and others almost
pure white. Most of the leading kinds of Lslias and
Cattleyas are present, many of them in large numbers.
C. exoniensis with four leads ; the C. Triana:s are
very strong, filling one side of a house ; a magnificent
example of C. gigas was conspicuous alike for its
strength, as well as the size and colour of its flowers ;
C. Warneri equally fine ; of C. Mossire and C. Men-
deli several remarkable forms were blooming, with
large finely-marked flowers, varying from those with
almost pure white sepals and petals, relieved by the
deepest ruby-purple lips, to others less decided in
contrast of colour. There was here a plant with very
distinct looking flowers, intermediate in character
between C. intermedia and C. Mossis, considerably
smaller than the latter species, ground colour of the
sepals and petals similar, with a very pale lip, which
is small ; it looks like a flower of C. Mossire with the
fringe cut away. To all appearance it is a natural
hybrid between the above-named species. Amongst
Laelias, L. purpurata was unusually strong and full
of flower.
Vanda teres. — Just a word in reply to Mr.
Douglas' remarks at p. 818, vol. xix. I have yet to
learn that truth unvarnished should be misleading, and
I simply related a fact as I found it, and this should
not drive any one to extremes. I remember that some
three or four years ago Mr. Druce's little plant was
only a few inches in length : it had been dried nearly
to death. I was asked what was the best thing to do
with it, and I gave my advice thereon. Having seen
it year by year since then growing into such a sturdy
little plant, and then this year to send out three
spikes with twenty-one fine flowers of such size and
substance as perhaps was never before seen in this
country, the question naturallyarose, what has brought
about such results ? — and in my humble opinion
it is the absence of severe drying, which too many
subject their plants to. Those that know the flat
that runs through West Dulwich, and the fogs that
frequently last days, and sometimes a week and more
at a time in winter, will also know that in a moist
stove, the entire centre of which is an open water
tank, that Vanda teres in its resting season could
never dry in the sense that I have often seen it dried —
that is, the extreme which I was aiming to correct.
I have seen it growing in many parts of the country
in the very best collections, and have often listened
to some special treatment of the plant to make it
flower, but have seldom seen plants that have been
in some instances six times as large as the Dulwich
plant, with more than two spikes of perhaps
three or four flowers. I should have been very
pleased to have seen the plant at South Kensington,
or at least every lover of Orchids to have seen it in its
beauty, and I am sure they would never have forgotten
Vanda teres. H, James^ CastU Nursery^ Lower
Norwood, S.E.
Mexican Orchids.— For the cultivation of these
plants M. Kienast, who not only collected them in
their native spot, but also grew them successfully,
recommends in the Orchidophih the following system
of treatment. Abundance of light, abundance of
moisture, free ventilation, especially at night, so that
during the growing period — March to November — the
growth may never be checked for one instant. In
the resting season abundance of light — all that can be
obtained, in fact — and absolute drought from Novem-
ber to March. The temperature should never exceed at
this time 10° Reaumur (55° Fahr.) by means of fires,
which are injurious to Odontoglossums and Masde-
vallias. Maritime species and alpine species are, of
course, exceptional. The latter are soaked in summer
by daily torrents of rain, and in winter by dense cold
fugs. To this latter group belong Epidendrum vitel-
linum, Odontoglossum cordatum, O. nebulosum,
Arpophyllum spicatum, Sobralia macrantha, Odonto-
glossum Rossii and its varieties, O. Cervantesi, &c.
As to soil, it should be well drained, and consist of
fibrous peat mixed with pieces of charcoal and
sphagnum.
Hybrid Orchids.— In the collection of Baron N.
de Rothschild, near Vienna, M. Roezl, who ought to
know, states in the Orchidophili that he has seen
hybrids raised from the seed of Schomburgkia
tibicinis fertilised with the pollen of Lrelia purpurata,
and Sobralia macrantha fertilised by Cattleya Mossise.
We simply tell the tale as it is reported, and await
the flowering of these marvellous crosses with
interest.
Dendrobium Dearei. — The BuUetino dslla
Societa Toscana de Oilicitltura for May corrects an
error into which we had fallen when we stated that
this plant was flowered first in Europe by Sir Trevor
Lawrence, and exhibited by him on May 22 at the
Royal Horticultural Society. It now appears that
on the 17th of the same month, Mr. Ross, of Florence,
exhibited the plant in flower at the Tuscan Horti-
cultural Society, and received an award.
The gardener's difficulties and anxieties in respect
to this department are now beginning to abate — at
least for a season. Having completed his more labor-
ious work he can now watch with interest and pleasure
the growth and development of the various plants,
simply making at intervals a few careful notes of the
worst and best results for his future guidance and
advantage. His principal object now should be to
endeavour, by good cultivation, not only to secure
quick growth, so that with suitable training the
desired effect may be obtained in the shortest pos-
sible time, but also by neat and cleanly cultivation
to cause the garden to present at all times a
bright and pleasing appearance. Nothing conduces
so much to this end, supposing the arrangement
of the beds to be satisfactory, as does strict and
scrupulous cleanliness in everything connected with
the garden and its surroundings, as well as due and
persistent attention to the numerous but necessary
details of pegging, tying, and training into their
proper and required shapes and positions. Every
gardener is, or should be, the best judge of the most
suitable method of treatment required in the garden
of which he has charge, not only in respect to soil,
but also in respect to the climate and other local
and active influences by which he is surrounded.
The liberal treatment adopted by some, with
good results, would be found quite disastrous if
followed by others, differently situated. As a rule,
however, it is undoubtedly true that the occu-
pants of the flower garden do not receive that judici-
ous care and liberal treatment by the timely applica-
tion of stimulating top-dressings and occasional water-
ings with liquid manure which they demand and
require to enable them to produce and maintain for a
lengthened period that gorgeous display which is
expected from them. This should be done not so
much at the end as at the commencement and early
part of their growth. With good foliage and good
roots abundant and massive flowers are the certain
result, unless the season prove exceptionally unfavour-
able.
Roses now require frequent, almost daily, atten
tion, so as to secure large and perfectly-developed
blossoms. A sharp eye should be constantly on the
look-out for insects, mildew, and other injurious
antagonists. This season mildew appears to be un-
usually prevalent, owing, I suppose, to the sudden
and extreme climatic changes, both in respect of
temperature and dryness, which we experienced
during the month of June. The best antidote is
undoubtedly sulphur, and although it cannot be used
with such good results out-of-doors as it can under
glass, still if two or three fine dry sunny days occur
after its application to the affected parts, it will most
assuredly check its progress, if it does not effec-
tually destroy it. The same remark also applies to the
disease known as red-rust, but this pest requires even
stronger measures to be used, and I have this year found
the application of Keele & Hawes' insecticide most
effectual in checking the growth of this insidious
pest, simply mixing one part to eight of soft water
and syringing it overhead. The Rose weevil is also a
most troublesome and destructive insect, and often
does immense mischief to the foliage and young buds
before its presence is even suspected ; the best, and
the only sure remedy is to daily examine the foliage and
pick out the grubs. In dry, hot seasons red-spider will
attack the foliage and seriously impair the health of the
July 7, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
IS
plants unless checked by timely and forcible syringing
overhead. Evety day the old blossoms should be re-
moved and the defectiveand superfluous buds be picked
oft', so as to ensure finer and more perfect blooms and
and a longer succession of them. Tying, pegging,
the judicious thinning of buds should receive due
and constant attention, so as to secure them from
injury by storms, and also to ensure large and per-
fectly developed blooms. Should gross shoots appear
they should be pinched when they have made a
reasonable growth, so as to prevent them monopolising
too much sap, to the detriment of the other parts of
the plant.
.Shrubberies should now receive attention by
careful pruning of all superfluous growths, in doing
which special care should be exercised to prune in
such a manner that no sign of the operation shall be
visible, while every plant or tree should afterwards
present its natural and peculiar shape. Evergreen
hedges should now be clipped, otherwise they exhibit
a negligent appearance, which at this season of the
year ill accords with the neat and trim appearance of
a well-kept garden. T. S. C.
The glorious weaiher which has burst upon us will
prove most beneficial to the majority of crops, but the
gardener must betimes anticipate the result of crops
becoming dry at the roots, and at once mulch such
as Scarlet Runners and Peas. Where the climate
and soil are favourable a sowing may be made of
some early kind of the latter, which will be the last of
the season. A third plantation of Celery ought now
to be made of some hardy kind to stand the winter,
and, as previously stated, the red kinds are best for
that purpose. Another point not to be lost sight of
is to plant shallow— 6 inches will be quite deep
enough — and it will be found to keep far better than
if planted deeper. This is the month in which the
year's supply of Cabbage is sown. At once sow the
second lot of Coleworts, and after the middle of the
month sow the early Cabbage, and the later kinds at
the end of the month. We have tried a good many
kinds of Cabbage, but prefer Ellam's Dwarf Early,
Hill's Incomparable, Atkins' Matchless, and
Wheeler's Imperial. These four are excellent kinds,
and they are arranged in their order of merit.
Large kinds, such as Enfield Market, are better
adapted for market than for a gentleman's garden.
Another and the last sowing of Endive must now be
made. The Hardy Green, and Eraser's Improved
Broad-leaved, we have found best for standing the
winter. The early Potatos are now ready on south
borders ; and as fast as they are dug the ground
should be planted with early Coleworts, or early
Endive. The early Peas on south borders will be
over. Clear the borders at once, and plant Snow's
or Backhouse's Broccoli. The ground need not be
dug, but simply hoed over and planted. If the
border is stiff, or hard, an iron crowbar will make
the holes, and the plants will be found to do better
in many soils than if dug, especially if it is light.
Make another plantation of Veitch's Autumn Giant
Cauliflower ; it will be found invaluable in October
and November. Make a sowing of Early Nantes
Horn Carrot for drawing young, and thin out Chicory
to 9 inches apart. The French Dandelion may be left
twice as thick. If flowering shoots appear on Rhu-
barb and Seakale remove them at once, as tending to
weaken the plants. See that Vegetable Marrows do
not become dry, and daily sprinkle Mushroom beds.
Tomatos which are planted out under glass will
require water once- a week, and as often remove
superfluous shoots, but save all the blossom possible,
and if the crop is heavy give liquid manure. Where
new Potatos are required at Christmas now is the
time to plant them in a frame or pit. Dig deep j
plant some old seed of kidney kinds ; give a thorough
soaking of water, put on the lights, and tilt them up
back and front. Let them remain so, and disease
rarely, if ever, comes under these conditions, y, Bust,
Bridge Castle, Sussex.
Iflelons an6 Cucumbers.
Melons. — Those planted out some time since will
now require the addition of a little soil to the hillocks,
and it should be pressed firmly down. Should
any of the plants indicate signs of canker in the stems
■ — which, it is almost needless to say, is the result of
too much moisture settling on or about the stems — rub
a mixture of dry soot and lime, in equal quantities,
into the affected parts, which will, other points being
duly attended to, arrest any further progress of the
disease. Slugs are sometimes very troublesome and
destructive in this department. They are not only
partial to the Melon while in a young growing state,
but also to the fruits as they approach maturity,
when they invariably, if not well looked after, attack
the sunny side of them, and thereby render them unfit
for the table. This undesirable state of things, as
most of your practical readers are aware, can in most
cases be easily avoided by placing a plentiful supply of
young Cabbage or Lettuce leaves in their haunts.
Of these it will be found, on examining the leaves next
morning, that they have partaken freely, whilst under
those not so eaten they may be found comfortably
digesting their salad feast, when, as a matter of course,
they should be destroyed forthwith. //. IV. Ward.
Cucumbers. — Frames from which Melons have
been cut can now be planted with Cucumbers, which
will make a good succession to those now in full bear-
ing. From frames of this description about being
planted Cucumbers may be cut until Christmas by
attending well to the linings and external protection
from inclement weather. Should woodlice be trouble-
some, which is very likely, pour boiling water over
their haunts. Previous to doing this, the sides and
ends of the bed should be trodden down, to prevent
the hot-water passing away too quickly, thereby
losing part of the effect for which it was applied,
and which will speedily reduce their numbers, . As,
to use a homely phrase, " prevention is better than
cure," repeat the dose a couple of times a week. If
mildew or red-spider should put in an appearance,
apply the usual remedies — a dusting of flowers of sul-
phur to the former, when the leaves are damp, in
the afternoon, and sponge the leaves with soft-
soapy water for the latter, H. W. Ward, Longford
Castle,
jjlants and i\^\\ futtuiif.
Greenhouse Hard-wooded Plants. — The floral
beauty of many of these will now be past their best.
Of the Cape Heaths, such as have faded blossoms
should be seen to, removing them carefully. Hold
the shoot in one hand whilst picking off the
flowers with the other, so as not to bring away
any young growth. It is not necessary to strip
off the entire bloom at once ; by taking away the
worst of the flowers the plant will have a fresher
appearance, and last on in tolerably good condition
a while longer. Those that have been lightly shaded
to prolong their bloom, should have the shading with-
drawn to prevent the young growths from starting
away weakly. If repotting in any case is contem-
plated, it should be performed as soon as the
last of the flowers are picked off, the energies of the
plant will then be entirely thrown into a fresh growth
if the plant is in a healthy state. The roots will then
quickly lay hold of the new soil, which is essential
with such delicate rootlets as these plants possess.
Do not let any fresh potted stock be exposed to
heavy rains, it will be better to keep them under
glass protection for a few weeks at least. With
specimens see that the old ball is not in the least on
the dry side, neither should it be too much saturated,
but in such a condition as that the plant can be
safely watered a day or two after repotting. Choose
peat of the very best description, such as the
common Heather delights in. Avoid such as the
Bracken (Pteris aquilina) thrives in, this being of too
spongy a nature to suit Heaths and other hard-
wooded plants. If any fear is apprehended of the
peat being of too retentive a character, some pieces of
broken crocks (small) and knobs of charcoal may be
worked up with the peat ; the best silver sand should
also be added in a liberal manner. In potting use
every precaution to ram the new soil as firm as pos-
sible around the old ball ; with specimens this is a
great point in their future wellbeing. See also that
the collar or stem of the plant is not dropped too low
down into the new pot ; leave what is sufficient room
for watering purposes, and a very slight sprinkle of
silver sand and the finer peat. Do not give what may
be termed a top-dressing ; this we do not think advis-
able with any hard-wooded, fibrous rooting subjects
(Azaleas alone excepted). Heaths are not what might
be termed surface-rooting plants ; a close observer
will find most of the roots towards the bottom of the
ball, and in repotting that is where a goodly amount
of the fresh soil should be concentrated, keeping the
ball sufficiently high to secure this end, pressing the
surface down quite firm after having removed most of
the sticks, or sufficient of them to work the fingers
over the same. During damp or showery weather
keep a sharp watch on any inroad of mildew. E.
Cavendishiana, E. affinis, and the tricolor sections are
the most liable to be attacked ; dusting with sulphur
is the best remedy. In the case of large, dense speci-
mens the sulphur should be thoroughly mixed
with water and forced well into the central
part of the plant. Late blooming kinds of
Heaths, such as E. Fairrieana, Marnockiana,
retorta major, and others should be exposed to
the full sunshine to heighten the colours of their
blossoms ; take care, however, not to expose them to
heavy rains when once the flower-trusses are deve-
loped. Pimeleas will now be starting into new growth ;
any remaining flower-trusses should be removed, and
stray shoots shortened back to keep the plants shapely ;
during hot weather slight syringing in the afternoon
will be beneficial, and also prove a check to red spider,
which will at times attack them. We have found a
slight amount of good yellow loam to suit them, in
addition to peat when any repotting has been per-
formed. The Aphelexis will now be past their best ;
the flowers, if taken before much faded, come in
useful in the winter with other everlastings. A frequent
mistake is made in cutting these off with a knife,
instead of which they ought to be broken out close
home to where the shoot for the following season is
being pushed forth ; any portion that is left with the
object of another growth being formed will be found
to be in vain, besides making the plant look scrubby.
Dracophyllum gracile should be gone over in like
manner, taking off the old spike just above the young
growth ; a pair of Vine scissors would do for this
work. Be very cautious not to over- water this subject
at this season ; during the flowering period a greater
amount will have been required, but no such demand
exists aflewards. Treat them like a hard-wooded
Heath in this respect. The Dracophyllum is more
liable to die off just after flowering than at any
other time, caused, no doubt, by the extraordinary
freedom with which it flowers, and the consequently
greater strain on the plant.
Of Boronias, two comparatively newly introduced
species — B. megastigma, valuable for the delicate per-
fume of its flowers, and B. elatior for its colour — are
both thoroughly deserving of cultivation in the most
limited collections. These species will bear slightly
cutting over to keep them within bounds. The com-
pact growing B. serrulata does not need this, but be-
ware of white-scale on this latter kind. Give the two
first-named shifts where necessary, using soil as ad-
vised for Heaths. Chorozemas that are needing
attention at the root should be looked to now they
have well broken into new grewlh. Darwinia (Heda-
roma) tulipifera, if it has carried a good crop of bloom
this summer (which it does not generally do two
seasons In succession), may be more advantageously
repotted than if left to another year, provided the in-
dications point to this end. If left to another season,
perhaps the growth made would be too vigorous to
produce flower, thereby missing (partially) the second
year. Keep young growing stock of Pleroraa clegans
pinched to produce a good bottom, and give a shift if
pot-bound. Flowering plants of this old but valuable
Melastomad will now be showing for bloom, the pro-
tection of a greenhouse should be accorded them and
a slight dewing in the afternoon will be beneficial.
The more robust growing greenhouse Rhododendrons,
if requiring a shift, may be seen to as soon as the
flower-buds are formed, if done earlier a too vigorous
growth might be the result, with no blossom the follow-
ing season, fames Hudson, Gunnersbury House
Gardens, Acton, W., July 3.
Peaches anb ]S(ectarines.
As the trees in the second house become cleared of
fruit, treat them according to the directions given
in my last Calendar. The trees in the third house
should now be swelling off and ripening their fruit,
and should be assisted in doing so by a liberal supply
of tepid manure-water. Trees in succession-houses
may also be assisted in the same manner, and should
now have the young shoots tied in close and straight,
stopping any laterals or strong shoots, and getting
the fruit well up above the foliage before they com-
mence colouring, by means already given in former
Calendars. Very little fire-heat will now be required,
if we have a continuation of the nice warm weaiher
we are now having. Any houses that require pushing
on to have them ripe by a given time may be shut
up early, allowing the temperature to run up to 90"
with sun-heat, having every available surface well
saturated with moisture ; this will bring them on
better than using much tire-heat. Carry out direc-
tions already given as to late houses, keeping them as
cool as possible during hot weather, J. iValiis, Kede
Gardens ^ July 3.
X6
THE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE.
[July 7, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
■ Royal Horticultural Society : Mcetitig of
Fruit and Floral Committees, at ii A M. ;
Scientific Committee, at i p.m.
Rose Shows at Hereford, O-xford, Ipswich,
Tuesday, July lo \ and Livarpool.
Sale of the late Mr. G. Wright's Orchids, at
Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Trotheroe &
L Morris' Rooms,
r Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society's
I Show.
EalinK Flower Show.
Lee and Elackheath Flower Show, at The
Cedars. Lee.
Flower Show in the Hull Botanic Garden
(three days).
Sale ol Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
National Rose Society's Show, at Sheffield.
Ludlow Rose Show.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Prothcroe &
Morris' Rooms.
July 14 — Weston-super-Mare Flower Show.
Wednesday, July ii •
July 12-
July 13
BY the time this number reaches many of
our reatJers the annual exhibition of the
Chiswick, Turnham Green and District Horti-
cultural Society will be taking place in the
time-honoured Chiswick Gardens of the
Royal Horticultural Society, and in this way
some of the glory which gathered about the
gardens in the old Chiswick days will be shed
upon them again, and memories that still cluster
about them will live again in not a few hearts.
As men grow old their lives appear to become
much more closely related to the past than to
the immediate present, and remembrances of
the time when society shed such a fashionable
lustre upon Chiswick will be quickened, though
the gathering expected to-day will be under
new conditions and different circumstances.
But as far as practical work is concerned Chis-
wick in the present day is perhaps as dear to
horticulturists as it ever was ; the work now
being done there is worthy of the Society,
and as well done under the circumstances as
it is comprehensive in character.
Visitors to Chiswick at the present time will
find the gardens in excellent condition, with
aspects of interest multiplying daily. The fruit
crops here — as in the large fruit gardens which
clothe the environs of Chiswick — are somewhat
variable. The Apple crop is very heavy, and
some of the young bush trees are absolutely
laden with fruit, particularly such varieties
as Small's Admirable, Cellini Pippin, Cox's
Orange Pippin, Lord Suffield, Stirling Castle,
Duchess of Oldenburg, &c. The Pear crop is
probably less than it was last year ; and of
Plums there are scarcely any. But who ever
saw Pear and Plum trees looking better
than they do at the present time, making a
generous growth, and looking in the perfection
of health ? The Apple trees generally, else-
where as at Chiswick, have been much infested
with caterpillar, but the heavy thunderstorms
with rain have had a beneficial effect. On the
walls there is a good crop of Peaches and
Nectaiines, and a moderate crop of Cherries.
Strawberries are a fairly good crop; the dry
weather at the time of flowering appears to have
affected many of the blossoms, and they became
infertile. Sir J. Paxton, which is being grown
in much larger quantities than before at Chis-
wick, is first-rate ; and President very good
indeed.
In the large vinery the thinning out process
is nearly finished— an almost stupendous work
— and there is a very good promise of fruit. In
the long vinery, formerly the cordon Peach and
Nectarine house, the fine young Vines have
flourished so grandly that there is a superb
promise ; the Vines now completely cover the
inside of the house, and very fine bunches hang
thickly from strong wood. By-and-bye, when
the fruit is ripe the vinery will be worth going
miles to see.
In the old Fig-house can be seen a very
extensive and interesting trial of Tomatos in
16-inch pots. There are something like sixty
sorts in very strong plants fast coming into
bloom — all very clean and healthy. In one of
the curvilinear houses there are also some
Tomatos trained to the roof in fine fruit ;
among them Trentham Early Fillbasket is very
promising, being early and a prolific bearer.
In the vegetable garden there is among other
trials one of 102 varieties of Peas, all very pro-
mising, and much benefited by the recent rains.
Among the early varieties that are rapidly
advancing towards maturity may be mentioned
Chieftain, 2 feet, very promising ; Harbinger,
3 feet, very early, and a great cropper ; Earliest
of All, very good ; and Extra Early White, also
very early and fine in the pod. All the fore-
going are decidedly in advance of William I.
Of Potatos there are some hundred sorts sent
for inspection by the Fruit Committee of the
Society, and some forty in competition for the
prizes offered by the Committee of the Inter-
national Potato Exhibition. All are looking
very well, without any sign of " curl " or indica-
tion of the on-coming of disease. There is, in
addition, a trial of early Cauliflowers, but one
unfortunately likely to be abortive, because of
the drought causing them to button-in prema-
turely. There is also a remarkable trial of
Lettuces, amounting to something like a hundred
samples, that will in all probability be at their
best in about a week.
In the plant-houses there is much of great
interest to challenge attention. The collection
of tuberous-rooted Begonias is now in the best
condition, and will well repay inspection. There
are, as usual. Pelargoniums in great variety, and
the group of Ivy-leaved varieties is a remark-
ably good as well as comprehensive collection.
There is a charming lot of Gloxinias, especially
of the erect flowering types, mostly named and
selected seedling varieties, with others coming
on to succeed them. Indeed, the objects of
interest in the various plant-houses are much
too numerous to particularise.
Of trials of flowers in the open air there is
one of Sweet Peas, that cannot fail to be as
instructive as it is satisfactory. It was a trial
much needed just now, when Mr. Henry
ECKFORD and others are busily engaged in the
production of new forms.
Many bedding plants will be very attractive
during the summer, and they include, as is
usual, a great deal of novelty.
A collection of Pteonies now in flower amply
repays inspection, and among the hardy plants
in bloom, Pink Mrs. Sinkin is a pure white
variety of great value, being large, sweetly
fragrant, and freely produced.
There is also a good collection of seedling
and named single Dahlias. One gets a much
better idea of the value of these when they can
be seen growing in the open air, and can draw
correct conclusions as to habit of growth and
freedom of flowering.
This is but an imperfect sketch of the various
aspects of practical gardening Mr. Barron is
this season carrying out at Chiswick. Visitors
to the exhibition to-day will find the gardens in
excellent condition, showing the care and atten-
tion continually bestowed upon them ; and it is
to be hoped that the weather will be fine, that
the treasures of Chiswick may be enjoyed to the
utmost.
The Palm Forest at Elche. — Dr. Henry
Bennet, in his work entitled Winter and Spring on
the Shores of the Alediterranean has given a descrip-
tion of the Palm forest at Elche, in Spain (see fig. 4),
in the vicinity of Murcia, which it would be difficult
to improve, so we here transcribe it (p. 258) : —
"After a progress of some 20 miles Irom Orihuela,
through this cultivated wilderness, we came to another
valley, and then bursts on our astonished eyes an oasis
of the African desert, such as we had wished to see in
Africa, but had not seen — a forest of tropical Date Palms,
extending over a vast region, many miles in circumference,
and surrounding the famed village or town of Elche.
The river bed was crossed by a good bridge, but in it
there was no river. It had been taicen up bodily by
the inhabitants, and distributed in canals to their
friends and bread givers — the Palms. I remained
here several hours and walked miles in the Palm
forest, the like of which an Indian companion had
never seen in the Tropics. There were canals full
of water flowing rapidly in every direction and the ground
was everywhere prepared for irrigation, in trenches, in
squares, in parallelograms, banked up by the earth walls,
1 or 2 feet high. Water was constantly let into these
trenches and squareb and allowed slowly to soak in, so as
to moisten the ground thoroughly, wherever there were
roots. Thus again was I reminded of the Arab saying
that ' the Palm must have his roots in the water and
his head in the fire.' There were Palms of all sizes from
20 to 80 feet high, of every shape and direction. Some
erect, like the Trajan Column at Rome, others gracefully
twisted or inclined. Sometimes they were growing
capriciously, sometimes in rows or in squares, methodi-
cally planted. The Date forest was evidently a valuable
property, and the boundary of each proprietor's grounds
was protected by walls, with doors here and there ad-
mitting of easy ingress and egress. The Dates were
being gathered Irom some of the trees, whilst other tree.=,
someumes the same one, were in full flower. In some
regions of the forest, where the Palms were not so close
together, there were vegetables. Peas, Beans, growing
underneath them, but this was the exception. Evi-
dently the Dates were too valuable a crop, like
Lemons at Mentone, for everything else not to give way
to them wherever they could be cultivated, alias irri-
gated. The land appeared to be a calcareous loam, but
on examining the empty river bed I found it to be a mass
of siliceous sand, so that no doubt the soil in the district
is impregnated with silex. The Dates are gathered by
boys, who swarm up the trees — an operation that was
easily performed by a small boy for our edification.
Like those at Murcia and Orihuela, they are of the
solid farinaceous variety. The soft saccharine Saharian
Dates which are imported into Europe, I did not see in
Spain. In the Algierine desert and in Egypt this variety
of the Date is more valued and more expensive, because
it is the one chosen for exportation. But the solid
farinaceous variety is preferred for food, as in Spain."
Podophyllum in Formosa. — Dr. Hance
records in the Journal of Botany the existence of a
species of this genus in the island of Formosa, Pre-
viously botanists only knew of the common North
American species and of the Himalayan one, P.
Emodi (see Ga^'deners' Chronicle^ p. 241, vol. xviii.),
which has also lately been discovered in the province
of Kansu. The discovery of a new species in Formosa
(P. pleianthum) might have been anticipated,
Exhibition at Ghent.— Visitors to the
Ghent Quinquennial Exhibition in April last will
retain a vivid recollection of the splendid display
made by the Compagnie Continentale. We now
learn that the Company propose to inaugurate a
similar exhibition from July 8 to July 10, from 8 A.M.
to 8 P.M., on the occasion of the Kermesse and
races. A small charge will be made for admission,
the receipts to be devoted to the retiring and bene-
volent funds of the employes of the establishment.
Here is a hint for our nurserymen, who migl t
organise something of the same kind for the benefit of
the Gardeners' Benevolent Institution,
Phylloxera.— Just as we had expressed an
opinion that this plague was lessening in this country
we hear of its appearance in an aggravated form at
Accrington. So far we have seen the roots affected
much more often than the leaves,
Chinese Gesnerads. — Dr. Hance de-
cribes, in the current number of the Journal of
Botany, a number ol new Gesnerads belonging to the
Cyrtandrous division. Some are of purely botanical
interest, but others, such as Chirita eburnea, Cj
Julice, Bcea dictyoneura, and Primulina tabacum, are
worth the attention of importers of new plants. The
last named plant closely resembles a Primrose in
habit.
French Floral Gum. — Messrs. Hawes
& Crisp have furnished us with samples of their
gum, which we have tested on the flowers of the
wild R!bse, which, we may add, in the neighbourhood
of London are unusually abundant and fine this
season, but the petals of which are particularly fuga-
cious, and with excellent results, the petals being
fixed without discoloration,
Potato Culture.— At the half-yearly meet-
ing of the Highland and Agricultural Society, held on
Juna 20, Mr. Dudgeon, Dalmeny, reported that the
directors had appointed a special committee to carry
out the resolution of the last general meeting, and that
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.— ]v\y 7, 1883.
Fig, 4.— a tlantation of date i'alms at elciie. (see p. 16.)
i8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 7, 1883.
on their recommendation the board resolved to offer
;^5o as a prize or prizes for the best variety of disease-
resisting Potatos which had never been sold or offered
for sale, such variety being a seedling of not less than
five years' growth. Each competitor was required to
send not less than one stone of such variety to the
Society, under whose superintendence they were to be
tested as to their disease-resisting properties for one
year, at the expiration of which time the prizes are to
be awarded. The produce of the Potatos is to belong
to the owners ; but no prize will be awarded to any
variety showing any symptom of disease. In accord-
ance with these regulations five competitors lodged
samples, which have been planted on ground on the
farm of East Barns, near Dunbar, kindly granted for
the purpose by Mr. Hope.
Orobus lathyroides. — One of the most
beautiful of the Leguminosse now flowering in the
herbaceous collection at Kew is the subject of this
note. It is a handsome species, about 2 feet in height,
with bold foliage, and numerous densely-flowered
racemes of deep blue flowers. It is a native of
Siberia, and has long been known in English gardens,
having been cultivated by Philip Miller in 1758.
St. Bruno's Lily.— In Messrs. Paul &
Son's Broxbourne nursery the giant variety of the St.
Bruno's Lily (Anthericum liliastrum) is very beautiful
on the rockwork, but it is a charming plant for the
herbaceous border, to be planted in good clumps. It
is a useful pot-plant when well managed, but plants of
this description are apt to be neglected when grown
in pots, and generally the border plants are the
soundest at the end of the season. It likes good deep
loam and a little fibrous peat. The dense spikes of
pure white flowers are very lovely.
A Discerning Public. — There seems to be
no inconsiderable difference of opinion as to the dis-
cernment of the public, and especially the metro-
politan public, in the matter of taste in fruits and
vegetables. Not one, but two at least, eminent gar-
deners, though both perhaps a little acidulated in
temperament, have declared that, in the matter of
fruit, " Any rubbish will do for market purposes if it
looks well and keeps well. . . . As for the ordin-
ary public who buy their fruit, few of thera are judges
of quality." So much for the London purchasers of
fruit, who, according to a veracious Sheffield blade,
prefer rubbish, and even hard, poisonous Peaches, to
quality and ripeness. Not even this audacious writer
believed this when he penned it, and we dare
to say it is incorrect. But when we come to the
subject of Asparagus we find other gardening writers
holding a very diverse view ; indeed, the public is
then praised as a "discerning " one, and it is this same
London public, too ; and whilst we may differ from
these conclusions as to the merits of big or litlle, long
or short, blanched or unblanched Asparagus, we
entirely agree that the public which purchases these
things is not wanting in discernment, although it
often has to pay through the nose for what it
gets. But by parity of reasoning, if the Grapes are
sour and green, and the Peaches hard and poisonous,
so is the Asparagus, blanched to the texture of rope,
and is as indigestible and flavourless. That view,
however, the latter writers will not accept, and there-
fore it remains to let the gentlemen fight the disputed
point out. Our inference is that, somewhere or other,
there is just a little inconsistency.
Cherries at Richmond.— If it be the lot of
Cherries to offer to the human eye the most tempting
association that can attach to fruits it surely must be
conceded that the Cherries grown at Sawbridgeworth
excel all others in appetising influences, for finer and
more richly coloured examples of several kinds rarely
have been seen than were those sent to the Richmond
show by Messrs. T. Rivers & Son, and which held
around them during the day crowds of admirers. Of
course these grand samples were grown under glass.
There was as much finish and perfection about them
as was seen in Mr. Hudson's grandly coloured dish of
Lord Napier Nectarines, big as Peaches and red as
Victoria Plums— or in that same gardener's superb
Madresfield Court Grapes, with berries as big as Plums,
The collection included thirteen dishes, and of Peaches
the Early Rivers was a grand sample, big, black, and
glossy, and rich in flavour as in colour ; Bedford
Prolific, reddish-black, a superb sample ; Black
Hawk, a beautiful kind, but, curiously enough, not
found in Mr. Rivers' list; Bigarreau de Schrekan,
very fine indeed, and Guigne Amonay, fruit smaller,
heart-shaped, but deep coloured. The old May
Duke enjoyed alone an intermediate position as a rich
red kind ; and there were the old Bigarreau, the huge
rich coloured Monstreuse de Mesel, Bigarreau Gros
CoGuret, Bigarreau Napoleon, Lud wig's Bigarreau,
and Early Red Guigne, Such richness and beauty as
these Cherries presented might well tempt many to
embark in the culture of such delicious fruits, for that
they were as delicious as beautiful there could be little
doubt. Messrs. Rivers also had good examples of
the fine Princess of Wales Peach, though unripe, and
good fruits also of Pine-apple, Stan wick's Elruge, and
Rivers' Orange Nectarines — all fine kinds and of rich
flavour. Such collections as these, publicly displayed,
teach those ignorant of the merits of indoor culture
how possible it is with the aid of glass to defy bad
seasons.
Freaks OF Variegation. — Variegation is so
much a plant disease, if it be a disease, that scarcely
anything green seems exempt from it. It was
thought the height of absurdity when variegated
Cabbages, Rhubarb, Potatos, Lettuces, and similar
useful and edible plants, became common, and
recently we have seen a plant of Telegraph Pea and
a Scarlet Runner with golden and creamy leafage
such as would, in the earlier days of the epidemic,
have created a sensation. But when Plantains,
Dandelions, Groundsel, Chlckweed, and even the
pretty blue-flowered \'eronica chama?drys became
freely variegated also, it seemed as if garden plant
coloration had become burlesqued, and the whole
thing was being made fun of by Dame Nature. The
other day, at the Richmond Show, the well known
firm of Messrs. C. Lee & Sons, of Hammersmith,
arranged a big group of their wondrously coloured
hardy tices and shrubs, and in this direction it was
shown that variegation was perhaps displayed with
more of charm and beauty than in any other class of
plants. Some of these shrubs were actually devoid
of green coloration, being all creamy white, just as
others, like the purple Peach for instance, were all
copper colour. Golden Elders matched Horse
Chestnuts in the size and beauty of leafage, and there
seemed to be hardly a green leaved tree or shrub of
any popularity that had not its duplicate in a varie-
gated form. The Oak, perhaps, shows golden or
creamy tints less than most trees, but in other
respects it produces such various formed and noble
leafage, and in the autumn such gloriously rich
tints, that absence of golden and silver leafage would
prove no loss. Students of vegetable physiology
might linger for hours over Messrs. Lee's collection
with interest and profit.
Mr. Hans Niemand's Nursery, Birming-
ham.— The ever increasing demand for cut flowers
and plants for household decoration, especially in the
neighbourhood of large towns and the centres of trade
and manufacture, has had the effect of changing the
aspect of many nurseries so far as the plants grown
under glass are concerned, where in place of the
thousand-and-one species or kinds that used to be
grown, the stock is now confined to fewer things,
with greatly increased numbers of each, to which may
be added better cultivation generally. This nursery,
under Mr. Spinks' management, has kept pace with
the times, as evident by the condition the large quan-
ties of plants of the description above indicated are in.
The new Balsam, Impatiens Sultani, is largely grown
here, and better done in small pots than we have
before seen it. It is moved from a warm house to an
ordinary greenhouse as soon as the weather is warm
enough, and in this way is much shorter and stouter
than when kept longer in heat ; the flowers are
still further improved, assuming the most vivid magenta
shade of colour. The twining, small-leaved Smilax,
so extensively used in America for mixing with cut
flowers in every way where elegant drooping foliage
is admissible, is grown in quantity in small pots ; the
shoots run round thin strings and are kept trained so
as to prevent their getting tangled — when wanted they
are cut and the threads drawn out. Dipladenia
boliviensis, planted out, covers half the roof of a
house, and has attained size and strength such as few
people would think it capable of, yielding in quantity
a long succession of its beautiful pure white, yellow-
throated flowers, which are second to few for bou-
quets. It is about the only Dipladenia that can be
better grown planted out than in a pot, and as such
deserves to be" cultivated by all who have a warm
tove. This, with a large specimen of Stephanotis,
gives a supply of flowers for nearly on six months in
succession. The ever-blooming Bouvardias— -indis-
pensable where cut flowers are in demand and of
equal merit for decorative purposes — are grown
in quantity and well managed ; the double varie-
ties, Alfred Neuner and President Garfield, with
elegans and Vreelandi, are the sorts best liked.
Double Primulas are a speciality,' and deserve the
attention here given them ; a long span-roofed house
is filled with the white and pink kinds. Origanum
dictamnus is largely grown as a pot plant, its pink
flowers having a pretty effect. Gladiolus Colvillei is
grown in thousands for forcing, and a collection of
different varieties of G. gandavensis are being grown,
with a view to find coloured kinds to grow with G,
Colvillei. Lilium monslrosum album, a longiflorum-
looking plant, with persistently fasciated stems that
produce a quantity of flowers, is found very useful for
cutting. Abutilon Boule de Neige, planted out and
covering the back wall of a lean-to house, gives a
supply all the year round. Hydrangea paniculata
grandiflora is largely forced. A good part of a house is
filled with Acer Negundo variegatum in pots — selected
plants, which afford a nice contrast to the green-
foliaged things, of which quantities are grown at this
nursery for furnishing and ordinary decorative use.
Ferns are extensively cultivated, such kinds as are best
for cutting or use in a small state. Amongst these a
variety of Nephrodium, with distinct habit, like a
miniature Sadleria cyatheoides, is an excellent sort for
using in this way ; as also is Adiantum Lathomi, a
drooping habited A. scutum, and a very effective
Fern. There is here a market variety of Pelargonium
named Edward Perkins, raised by Messrs. E. & J.
Perkins, of Leamington, bright scarlet, with black
feather in top petals, that is well worth the attention
of those that require decorative kinds of these favourite
flowers, as for habit of growth and profusion of bloom
it stands in the first rank. Small Palms are well
grown, a large house is well filled with Areca lutes-
cens, A. sapida, and similar kinds that will bear hard
usage.
The Fruits of all Countries. — Mr.
MoTT, of Leicester, has published a "preliminary"
list of the fruits (using the term in its popular and utili-
tarian sense) of all countries. The fruits are arranged
under their natural orders, with their technical and ver-
nacular names, their native country, the habit of the
plant, and the edible portion, be it "seed, aril, cen-
tral pulp, pericarp, or receptacle," and its quality.
More than 500 species are enumerated, but we have
no doubt the list could be extended by research in
herbaria, botanical monographs, and the notes and
records of travellers ; for instance, only two or three
Tacsonias are mentioned. So far as we have seen the
list has been carefully compiled, but it contains many
fruits which are only valuable faiiie de fiiietix,
Monstera deliciosa, with which the list terminates, is
hardly to be called a herb. Under Solanaceae we
miss the fruit of Cyphomandra betacea — sometimes
met with in Covent Garden under the false name of
Granadilla.
Mr. a. E. Ratcliff's Nepenthes. — It is
no unusual thing to meet with an enthusiastic amateur
who makes a hobby of and attends to his plants him-
self, and who succeeds when the kinds undertaken
happen to be such as are more or less easy to manage.
But it is far from a common occurrence to see favour-
able results when the things attempted belong to a
group that is proverbially difficult to deal with. We
have seen and spoken of Mr. Ratcliff's collection
of these singular plants before, and it is with pleasure
we had again recently an opportunity of noting the
progress it has made. Those who have had much
to do with Nepenthes know that early in June is not
so good a time as the latter part of summer to see them
at their best, as then they have had all the growing
season wherein to form their pitchers, which afterwards
go off more or less during the winter. Nevertheless,
the collection was in good condition, growing and
pitchering freely. Amongst them is probably the
finest example in the country of N. lanata, bearing
some thirty pitchers ; this is one of the scarcest and
most difficult to manage of all the kinds, but with Mr,
Ratcliff it is unusually strong and vigorous. In
this very complete collection the following are like-
wise deserving of mention :— N. RanTesfana, N. bical-
carata, N. Hookeri, N. Northiana, N. Williarasi,
N. Morganise, N. albo-marginata, N, ampuUacea,
July 7, 1883.)
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
19
N. Mastersii, and N. Rajah, which here, as with most
growers, has not yet been found so easy to manage ;
but when its particular requirements have been hit
upon, like other things that require something out of
the ordinary run to bring them up to the mark, it
will, no doubt, produce its. gigantic pitchers in their
true character. The plants collectively are hung up
near the roof — a position which they require to be in,
otherwise they lack the stout short-jointed condition
and high colour in the pitchers which adds so much
to their appearance. In another house Dioncea Mus-
cipula, Darlingtonia californica, and Cephalotus fol-
licularisare doing equally well— an extremely singular
and interesting trio, that any one having an ordinary
greenhouse need not hesitate to try.
DotJBLE Primroses. — All the varieties of
double Primroses succeed well in the deep clayey
loam of Messrs. Paul's hardy plant nursery at Brox-
bourne. Even the rather mifty double crimson is
doing well, but il is thought best to shelter this with
glass lights. They are now being divided and planted
out. To give some idea of the extent of the collec-
tion, it is sufficient to say that of the fine purple
variety. Primula Crousii fl.-pl., there are upwards of
2000 strong plants,
The New Rockery at Kew. — In this the
second season of its existence, or, as it might more
fairly be called, the first, the value and beauty of this
adjunct may be thoroughly realised, and we are glad
to see the interest taken in it by the general public.
Experience shows that the bog beds are either too
small, or that plants of too rampant growth have
been placed in them. This sort of experience has
to be gained by all rockwork makers.
The Corn Exchange Rose Show, which
came off on Wednesday last in the new Corn Ex-
change Hotel, Mark Lane, was considered by those
best qualified to give an opinion on the subject to be
one of the best that has been held in the same place,
and we trust was the means of adding a substantial
sum to the funds of the Corn Exchange Benevolent
Society, in aid of which a similar exhibition has been
held for several years past. A noteworthy feature of
the exhibition is the fact that the only competitors are
gentlemen actually engaged in business on the corn
and seed markets ; and another point of interest is
the regulation which claims all the blooms for the
benefit of the Society, and which are sold by auction
after 4 p.m. Of course, in an afl'air of this kind much
depends upon the amount of enthusiasm engendered by
the Secretary, and it is due to Mr. Henry Robiuns
that we should say his labours appear to have borne
good fruit, for not only was there a fairly good com-
petition in most of the nine classes, but an even
greater display of baskets of Roses shown, not for
competition, but to pass under the hammer
of the auctioneer. Besides the amateurs' Roses,
some splendid blooms came from the nursery of Mr,
RuMSEY, Waliham Cross ; Messrs. Paul &. Son,
Cheshunt ; and Mr. B. R. Cant, of Colchester ; and
of these no doubt Mr. Auctioneer had something
complimentary to say. Mr. John Wakeley secured
the prize for the best twenty-four single trusses, and
in another class for the same number of blooms, but
grown within 20 miles of the General Post-office, Mr.
W. H. Wakeley was the successful competitor. In
two other classes for twelve varieties, with the same
geographical qualification, Mr. H. Robbins was well
1st, Mr. W. Webster, Jun., being 2d in one instance
and Mr. R. J. Webster in the other. The best single
bloom, a very grand one of Charles Lefebvre, came
from Mr. John Wakeley; and the "consolation
prize," competed for by those who have not previ-
ously taken a prize, was won by Mr. F. E. Haslam*;
and Mr. D. G. Clapham showed the best half
dozen Teas. It is proposed to hold a show of Chry-
santhemums in their season, and we hope it may
prove as successful as this year's display of the queen
of (summer) flowers.
Hemerocallis fulva. — The double form
of this, now injiower in the greenhouse at 'Kew, is
remarkable for the circumstance that, while the
stamens remain normal, the pistil is replaced by a
prolonged axis, bearing small petals.
Linn/EA borealis. — This pretty little pros-
trate alpine plant may now be seen in large sheets in
the York Nursery : it is growing in light, elastic,
sandy peat in a slightly shaded position. It blossoms,
however, far mote profusely when fully exposed to
sunlight.
Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.— The many friends and supporters of this
Institution who could not be present at the celebration
of the fortieth anniversary festival on Wednesday
evening, will, we are sure, be gratified to know that
from a financial point of view the Institution has made
a " best on record," the total amount of the subscrip-
tions and donations being £^2i. That socially, the
festival was a success goes without saying— about
130 gentlemen §at down, and with such a thoroughly
genial and practical Chairman as Mr. Alderman
Cotton, M.P., it is almost needless to state that the
proceedings were conducted with unflagging interest to
the end. The large room at the " Albion " was florally
furnished by Mr. B. S. Williams, and the decorations
of the tables as carried out by Miss Williams well
deserved the eulogiums so happily expressed by the
Chairman ; when, the usual loyal and patriotic toasts
having been duly honoured, he came to the toast of
the evening — " Success to the Gardeners' Royal
Benevolent Institution," and in eloquently pleading
the cause of poor, distressed, and worn-out mem-
bers of our profession, remarked upon the joy and
pleasure the results of their toil and skill afforded to
high and low, rich and poor alike. On almost every
table where there is anything like comfort there
would be found flowers or fruits, or both ; and he
hoped those present would think of the men who
produced them, and give largely of their means to an
Institution that was doing so much good. Sir Trevor
Lawre.nce, who gave "The Health of the Chair-
man " as the next toast, remarked that Mr. Alderman
Cotton had, in his able appeal on behalf of the Insti-
tution, hardly laid sufficient weight upon the great
benefits humanity had received from the labours of
practical gardeners, there being hardly a popular
flower, fruit or vegetable that had not been
immensely improved in quality by the skill of
practical gardeners. To Mr. Shirley Hieberd was
entrusted the duty of proposing " The Health of the
Treasurer," a toast which suggested serious thoughts,
inasmuch that last year Mr. Wrench was with them.
Now they had to welcome their new Treasurer ; and
Mr. Tidswell, in acknowledging the compliment,
expressed himself as being most anxious to do
his duty in the onerous position in which by their
favour he been placed. The toast of " The Botanical
and Horticultural Societies " was responded to by Mr,
G.F.Wilson and Mr. Bruce Findlav, and the latter
gentleman expressed his determination to raise ^200
in aid of the Augmentation Fund, by getting some of
his friends to throw open their gardens at a small
charge, and he hoped the example thus set would be
extensively followed by others. Mr. Cutler, whose
health was drank with great heartiness, announced
that the result of the collection was £6iZ, the
Chairman's list being^i43, and the Treasurer's ^115;
whereupon the Chairman remarked that he would be
much gratified if the list could be made up to ^^700,
and in a short time about that amount was raised.
Mr. Meston, Jun., having responded for "The
Ladies," and Mr. B. S. Williams for "The
Steivards," a very agreeable evening was brought to
a close.
Anthurium Veitchii. — A plant of this
species has made wonderful progress under Mr. Bal-
lantine's care at The Dell, Egham. We saw it
two years ago, when it had only three or four leaves
about I^ foot each in length; it has now over two
dozen, and most of them measure 50 inches in length.
The plant is a fine decorative object for a stove where
there is plenty of room and no crowding is allowed.
This one is growing in a wooden tub about a foot
deep by 18 inches wide, which contains but little
more than the drainage, the roots being chiefly in the
mound of living sphagnum and peat above the rim.
The Fruit Packing Competition. — There
were four lots of packed fruit sent to South Kensing-
ton on Tuesday, in competition for the excellent
prizes offered by Messrs. Webber & Co., fruit
salesmen, of Covent Garden, for the best packed
boxes or baskets of Grapes, 14 lb.; Peaches, not less
than 24 lb.; and Strawberries, not less than 2 lb. In each
case the latter fruits were equally well packed in a
shallow boxes with leaves, but the fruits varied in
quality. Mr. COLEMAN, Eastnor Castle, is an old
competitor in this work, and always does it well.
He got the ist place with a lot of Grapes packed in
deal box thickly lined with soft moss, and faced with
soft tissue paper ; and Peaches also packed in moss — •
a material which Mr. Webber much prefers to wadding
as being cooler and less absorbent of the juices and
flavour of the fruits. The packing was not only perfect,
but the boxes might have been turned into any position
without the (ruit being injured. Very near indeed in
good packing came Mr. Allan, of Gunton Park
Gardens, whose Grapes and Peaches were also in
tissue paper and moss, as Mr. Coleman's were, but
his Grapes lacked colour. In other respects there
was little to choose between them. The 3d prize lot
came from Mr. Grindrod, Whitfield, Hereford;
his Grapes, half black and half Muscats, and remark-
ably good ones too, were dropped into peck cross-
handle wicker babkets, which, having a little moss in
the bottom, were then doubly lined with solt paper
only. The stems were partly tied to the sides of the
baskets, and beyond some stout paper tied over the
top had no other protection. The Peaches were in
wadding, but the Strawberries were all right. One
competitor spoiled his prospects by putting his Grapes
into a shallow wicker basket without even paper, and
in consequence they were much rubbed.
Messrs. Foster & Pearson.— On June 30
Mr. Foster retired from this firm, after being engaged
for forty-two years as a greenhouse builder. The
business will in future be carried on by Mr. Pearson,
a son of our late friend Mr. J. R. Pearson, of Chil-
well ; and, being a young man of known ability and
high character, we wish him every success,
■ The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending July 2, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London :— The weather has been generally
cloudy or dull at the western stations, but in most
of the southern and eastern districts frequent intervals
of clear sky have been experienced. Thunderstorms,
accompanied by very heavy rains, have occurred in
nearly all places, those over central and south-eastern
England being exceptionally severe. Temperature
has continued below the mean over Ireland and the
south-west of England, but elsewhere has been con
siderably higher than of late ; in the major part of
Great Britain it has varied from 2° to 3° above the
mean for the season. The thermometer was highest
either on June 29 or July 2, when maxima as high as
84° in "England, S.," 83° in "England, E.," and
between 72° and Sl° in most other districts, were
registered. The minima, which were generally re-
corded on the 27th, v.iried from 42° in the " Midland
Counties," and 43° in "Ireland, S.," to 49° in
"England, S." At our central and south-eastern
stations during the latter part of the period the minima
were very high, the thermometer during some nights
not sinking below 60". Rainfall has been about equal
to the mean in " Scotland, E.," and " England, E.,"
but more in all other districts. In north-eastern and
central England the excess was considerable. Bright
sunshine has been more prevalent than during last
week in the "Wheat-producing Districts," but less so
in most of the ' ' Grazing Districts. " The percentages
of possible duration varied from 15 in " Ireland,
N.,"and 28 in " England, N.E.," to 48 in " Eng-
land, S.," and 57 in " England, E." Depressions
observed :— Barometrical readings have been highest
and comparatively steady in the southern and eastern
parts of our area, while over our islands and the
North of France pressure has been rather low and
unsteady, owing to the presence of several " thunder-
storm " depressions. The most important of these
disturbances was traversing our islands in a north-
north-westerly direction at the commencement of the
period, and finally disappeared to the north-westward
of the Hebrides. The winds, with the exception of a
few local variations, have been S.W., S., or S.E., and
have been generally light in force, but at our western
and north-western stations have occasionally increased
to a fresh or strong breeze.
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. A. W.
PORTEUS, as successor to Mr. Berry, Gardener to
James McGregor, Esq., Aldenham Abbey, Wat-
ford, Herts.— Mr. T. Wilkins, late Gardener to the
Marchioness of Westminster at Motcombe, as Gar-
dener to T. M. Guest, Esq., Inwood House, Bland-
ford.— Mr. Dennis, late Gardener to Sir H. Hoare,
Bart., Stourhead, succeeds Mr. Wilkins at Mot-
combe.— Mr. William Boreham, for five and a
half years Assistant-Foreman in the frame ground at
Kensington Gardens, as Nursery Foreman to Mr.
Marshall, Barnham Nurseries, Sussex,
20
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
UULY 7, 1883-
j4ojVIE j]!JoRREgPOJMDEJNCf:.
On Double Wild Flowers. — I have recently
seen it stated in an interesting volume that all double
flowers are "monstrosities," due only to artificial
selection, and that as they produce no seed they could
never be perpetuated in a state of Nature. I cannot
follow the author into his argument that double flowers
are unattractive, for that, of course, is a matter of
taste ; still less can I enter into the view that there is
something, it would seem, almost morally wrong in
endeavouring to produce a double flower. At present
my only inquiry is whether Nature does not sometimes
produce a double flower, which may vie with the best
efforts of the gardener. I am absolutely without any
theory on the matter, and I am really anxious to be
set right as to my facts, if, as is very possible, they
are in any respect deficient. Before entering on my
evidence I think I am correct in saying that Darwin has
himself admitted that double, or at least semi-double
flowers, do exist in a wild state [Certainly. Ed.]. Hav-
ing spent two winters on the Riviera I was struck with
the beauty of a particular Anemone, which is known
as A. pavonina. The country people call it LeSoleil,
and certainly nothing can be more brilliant than its
blossoms of scarlet or crimson, for there is a slight
variation in the colouring. It is perfectly double, but
has one or two remarkable peculiarities. The petals
do not look like petals. They are thin and elongated,
more like flattened stamens than petals, and they are
very abundant. It would take four or five of them
to make the petal of an ordinary single Anemone.
In short, they are to the normal petal pretty much
what the supposed petals of a green Rose are to the
true petals of the single Rose of our hedges. And
then this Anemone has a second peculiarity. It is
almost entirely green in the bud and when it first
opens, and it is only as it ripens (so to speak), and by
degrees, that it acquires its bright colouring. It is, I
believe, absolutely seedless, and can only spread by
its tubers. That it is double there is no doubt. And
now comes the further question — Is it wild ? This is
a matter of more difficulty, or, at least, of some dis-
pute. No one supposes that the selection of gardeners
has had anything to do with the doubleness, but it is
argued that this Anemone has been subject to extra
cultivation, and that, therefore, it has developed a
double blossom. I am inclined to think that no other
species of Riviera Anemone has become double,
though under precisely the sameinfluences ; and if, as
seems certain, this Anemone has grown double of its
own accord, and without any intention on the part of
any cultivator, may it not be fairly considered as a
wild flower, and thus a product of Nature? It is, I
believe, found in various places on the Riviera. I have
twice seen it in great profusion, once among some
Orange trees up the Gorbio Valley, at Mentone, and
once partly under Olives at Campo Rosso, not far from
Bordighera. In the former place — but I think not
in the latter — there were also to be found a few
specimens of the single red Anemone (possibly Ane-
mone fulgens), and very rarely one of these single
Anemones showed signs of doubling by smaller red
petals next to the large outside ones ; but I myself
saw no further development of the doubling process,
and I cannot say whether, supposing a Soleil Anemone
does develope from a single red, it is a matter of
many years, or only of a season or two. There is no
doubt that extra manure is given to the Orange tree,
and also to the Olive, but whether such "cultivation"
would be enough to account for this singular change
in colour, in structure, and the number of petals, I
cannot say. I have, however, a strong suspicion that,
were I to plant single Anemones in my own garden,
and feed them to any extent, I should fail in produc-
ing this double variety. I should also add that many
of these Anemones at Campo Rosso were not directly
under Olive trees, and had apparently no chance of
getting extra manure ; as, however, the roots may
have spread, I cannot rest much on that. It is, how-
ever, very probable that these Anemones grow on
hill-sides and banks, whither no cultivation of any
kind could have affected them ; but I have no proof
of this. I only know that the florists at Cannes con-
sider them as of hardly any value, as being merely
saiivages^ and very common. I should be glad if one
of your more learned readers could throw fresh light
on this, as I think, very curious subject. H^
Thinning Onions. — " M." asks gardeners
(d. S24, vol. xix.) why they thin out the Onion crop.
He might as well have asked why they thin out the
Turnip, Parsnip, or Carrot crops. Surely gardeners,
as well as cooks, know perfectly well that large, well-
grown Onions possess superior flavour to small ones
grown in the crowded manner recommended by
** M.," a system pretty well known to gardeners when
they want to grow small Onions for special purposes,
such as pickling, »S:c. *' M." would have gardeners
believe that Onions ripen best when they are grown
thick on the ground : my own experience is that
large, well-grown Onions are better ripened and keep
quite as long as the small, as I have had good samples
of James' Keeping and Strasburg or Deptford keep till
the autumn-sown ones come in. To those who are fond
of thinning and " throwing labour away in doing that
which had better not be done at all," there is one
consolation from " M. " — they may thin out those
grown to be exhibited for prizes. But to many it will
be news to be told that exhibitors are encouraged to
bring out qualities in the vegetables they grow for
prizes which are detrimental in the use of them. I
have never yet known a cook to find fault with Onions
for being large, nor with Leeks either, and I have had
to deal with a good many in my time. H. Henderson,
Spiraea palmata. — Few things in the herbaceous
way are finer than this exquisitely beautiful Spiraea,
which just now is crowded with its great panicles of
lovely rose and violet tinted blossoms, set off by the
delicate greenery of its palmate leaves, with which
the flower-stems are so well clothed. Like all the
Spiraeas, S. palmata delights in deep loose soil,
where it can drive its roots well down and find plenty
of moisture ; and when so favoured it grows very
strong, without being distressed at this season. Not
only is S. palmata one of the best and most showy
subjects one can have in borders, but it is also most
valuable for forcing, as crowns may be taken up and
potted, when, by the help of very gentle heat the
plants soon come into bloom and last long in perfec-
tion. J. Sheppard.
Peloria of Tetramicra bicolor (Leptotes
bicolor, Lindl., Bot, Reg., xix., t. 1625).— Two
plants of this charming little Orchid have recently
flowered at Kew, one flower produced being a remark-
FlG. S- — PBLORIA OF TETRAMiCRA DICOLOR.
able peloria, of which the accompanying figure
(fig. 5) is a representation. In the normal flower
the sepals and petals are pure white and similar in
appearance, the lip is broader and lance-shaped, the
colour pale purple with numerous darker veins and a
narrow white margin, and two pale green wing-like
appendages at the base. In the pelorioid flower the
sepals are quite normal, as well as the lip (which is
erect as figured by Lindley as above, not pendulous
as in Bot. Mag.^ t. 3734), but the petals are com-
pletely changed, one into a perfect lip exactly similar
both in form and colour, the other showing the
transition from petal to lip; the form is almost
unaltered except that at the base there is a small
trace of the pale green appendage on one side, but the
purple veining is present, as shown in the figure.
The column is very short and partially suppressed, the
anthers entirely so, and the viscid stigmatic disc,
though present, is much deformed. The raceme —
normally 2 or 3-flowered — is reduced to a single
flower. Thus we have an irregular peloria formed
by the increased number of the irregular parts of the
flower — a condition accompanied with increased vigour
in those parts at the expense of the column, and the
suppression of the second and third flower of the
raceme. The specimen is preserved at Kew. R. A»
Rolfe,
Camellia (late flowering).— We have a plant in
the grounds here under the name of Floydi — a pink
variety — which is now in full flower. I cut several
yesterday quite perfect in shape, and not at all injured
by the excessive rains we have had this past fortnight.
It has flowered in June every season since it has been
planted out. Our earliest — the old red and white
blotched variety — flowers in October indoors, and we
can most seasons cut a Camellia bloom from that
month to the end of June or the beginning of July,
indoors or without. Camellias seem to do well under
large trees, both as to growth and flowering. Flowers
seem to take as long if not longer to expand at this
season as in the winter months, perhaps owing to the
plant making growth at the same time. Henry Milht
Enys, Penrhyn,
Abies (Picea) nigra. — The Black American
Spruce is growing well in exposed positions — 800 feet
above sea-level — where common Spruce and Silver
Firs and Laurels and Holly refuse to grow. It thus
grows on dry soil — a made-up bank — and on soil
with clay in it. But I am informed it "does not
grow very large, nor live very long." Can any of
your readers speak for or against its more extensive
use? Laurencekirk f N.B,
Early Peas. — There has been a good deal said
and written recently about late Peas, but up to the
present early sorts appear to have escaped notice,
which is, I think, to be regretted, as it is always pro-
fitable to take notes and discuss things as they come
on in season. As usual with us, Kentish Invicta was
the first fit to gather, beating William I. by nearly a
week, although sown on the same day side by side in
the same border ; and as the quality is about equal,
Invicta is the most profitable and valuable Pea of the
two. Following close on the heels of these comes
Day's Sunrise, which is a very free podding variety,
its only fault being that the pods are generally gappy,
which tells against it in shelling. Being a Marrow
it is very good in flavour, but I do not consider it
equal to Advancer, which, though a few days later,
has the advantage of setting better, as it is seldom one
finds any gaps in the pods. Advancer is therefore
likely to hold its own for some time to come, for
besides being a heavy cropper, it is tender and delici-
ous when cooked, and quite spoils one's palate for the
dry mealy sorts that precede it. American Wonder
I have grown for the first and last time, its only merit
being its dwarfness, which makes it useful perhaps
for pot culture or frames, but outdoors, where
there is room. Advancer is by far preferable.
Telephone might almost be classed among the
first earlies, as it is but little later than some now
in the list, for from rows sown the last week in
January full pods were gathered on June 15. Look-
ing at its precocious character of turning in, it
is to be hoped we shall soon get others even more
early from it, and of a dwarf character ; indeed, the
latter has appeared already, as I have selected from
among Stratagem a white Pea which has the large
pods and all the appearance of Telephone, except in
the length of the haulms. Grand as Telephone is, it
is useless as a late summer Pea or to pick after June —
at least, that is my experience of it, as it is so subject
to thrips and mildew, which cripple its growth and
stop it from bearing. Ours are already infested with
the pernicious insect named, and it was the case last
year, as soon as the weather set in warm and dry,
when those earlier and in pod became smothered
with mildew. This I found to be the case in other
places, as a friend of mind, who had them growing
alongside of Ne Plus Ultra, complained to me of the
same thing. This liability to the attack of such
parasites is no doubt owing to the soft, tender state of
the leaves and points of the shoots, which are stout
and easy of penetration to the one, and favourable to
the spread of the other. J. Sheppard^
Rhododendron punctatum. — Your paragraph
upon Rhododendron punctatum in the Gardeners'
Chronicle for June 9, in which the species is mentioned
as "a compact grower, of dwarf habit, producing
an abundance of pink funnel-shaped flowers," and
suggesting that it would be worth while for hybridists
to turn their attention to it, leads me to ask whether
hybridists may not already have taken it in hand. I
would inquire whether there may not still linger some
tradition relative to such crossing. The following are
the reasons for the inquiry. Rhododendron punctatum
in its native habitat (in the mountains of Carolina and
Georgia, and descending along some of the rivers
into the middle country) is not a dwarf species, being
commonly 4 to 6 feet high, and is the opposite of " a
compact grower;" it forms a spreading bush, and has
slender, lithe, diffuse or recurving branches, especially
when grown in open ground ; on the rocky banks
which it naturally afifects it has a straggling habit.
The flower, indeed, may be called "funnel-shaped,"
but with a widely open limb, not so open as in the
figure in Bot, Reg., t. 37, which I suspect belongs to
R. catawbiense, but nearly as in the earliest figure and
description of the species, in Andrews' Bot. Rep., t.
36 ("corolla rotato-infundibuliformis, blossom of a
rounded funnel shape "), at least as much so as in the
next earliest figure, in Ventenat, Hort. Ceh., t. 15.
The figure in Bot. Mag., t. 22S5, has a widely open
corolla. The only other figure that I know of is a
poor one in Watson's DendroJogia, t. 162, and this
evidently represents the plant now cultivated in Eng-
land as R. punctatum, and to which your remarks refer.
Thiserect shrub, of compact habit and narrowly funnel-
form corollas, we have from Watson under this name,
also a paler flowered and in other respects slightly
July 7, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
21
different form of it as R. ovatum. It hardly exceeds
2 feet in height, has leaves only half as large ss those of
the true R. punctatum, more rigid and more lepidote,
and the corolla-lobes are only about half the length
of the narrow tube, which is also more lepidote. I
suppose that your K. punclatum is a hybrid of that
species with the alpine R. ferrugineum, and that the
crossing may have given tlie complete hardiness
in England which the original was said to lack ;
yet the latter is fairly hardy here. There is one
reason for distrusting my theory — that your Rhodo-
dendron is a hybrid — which is, tliat my R. Chapmani,
from sandy Pine-barrens near the coast of Western
Florida, has a corolla of similar shape, and an
equally upright habit of growth. But, besides some
other differences, this has larger flowers and exserted
stamens and style. In conclusion, let me recommend
the re-introduction of the original R. punctatum into
English cultivation, as a contrast to the one you
possess, and to all our other species, on account of its
open, light, and graceful habit. Asa Gray, Cam-
bridge, Mass.
Mimulus radicans.' — A short time since Messrs.
Veitch showed a pan of this very pretty little bog
plant, and subFequently gave us the opportunity of
figuring it (fig. 6). It is a native of New Zealand,
and has a creeping stem with short leafy branches.
The leaves are densely packed, each from \ — i inch
in length, very shortly stalked, obovate obtuse,
entire, pilose or glabrous. The flower-stalks are
erect, about the length of the leaves, and the corollas,
which measure from \ — | inch across, are white,
with a violet blotch. The plant was described by
Sir Joseph Hooker in the Flora Zeylatn'ca, and also
when making their young shoots, and unless the
plants are in a moderately dry bed their tubers are
apt to rot in the winter. This being so, it is always
advisable to drain the bed by digging out the soil and
putting in a layer of broken bricks, which should be
a yard below the surface, as Alstromerias are very
deep rooting. There are two ways of getting them
established, the one by sowing the seed, and the other
by planting ; but when this latter plan is decided on
it is always advisable to have the plants in pots and
to start with them about April, when they should be
planted at least 6 inches deep, so as to keep their tubers
well out of reach of sharp frosts. If seed be sown lime is
saved by putting it in small pots and rearing the plants
in heat, when, if nursed on under glass till May, and
then turned out, they will become sufficiently strong to
flower the following season. The best sorts to grow
are A. aurea, which has large heads of golden-yellow
spotted Lily-like blooms, and A. pelegrina rosea
and alba, the first-named of which is beauti-
fully marked, and A. psittacina is also a very
desirable kind. Besides being exceedingly showy
in beds and borders these Alstromerias are
of great value for cutting, as not only do they
dress well in vases, but they last in perfection a long
time in water, which they take up so freely in their
cylindrical stems. Like all herbaceous plants, Al-
stromerias should be allowed to retain their tops till
they ripen and die away naturally, but it is a great
help to them if their seed-heads are removed, as they
bear many pods, and the swelling and maturing of
seed in such quantity is very exhausting, y. S.
The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.— It seems rather remarkable that no effort has
Fig. 6. — mimulus radicans.
in the Handbook of the Ntiii Zealand Flora, and as
shown is one of the most charming little plants of
its kind. We presume it is hardy. It would form
a fit companion for the Pratia angulata recently
alluded to. It is a near ally of M. repens, also an
Australian and New Zealand species.
Dictamnus Fraxinella. — I was glad to see this
fine old herbaceous plant noticed so favourably as
being one of the best things among the exhibits at the
great show the other day, as it has long since been a
special favourite of mine, and stands out most con-
spicuously just now in one of our borders, where a
plant of it is carrying twenty-three spikes of flowers,
and forms quite a bush. Besides being remarkable
for its shapely habit and character, and' its curiously
formed and marked blossoms, it exhales a very
strong and agreeable perfume, which quite pervades
the air some distance around. Dictamnus Fraxinella
alba is not so strong as the coloured kind, but is very
desirable as a companion plant on account of its dis-
tinctness of shade. Both sorts seed freely, and may
be raised readily by sowing the seed under handlights
when ripe, or placing it in heat in the spring. Plants
may also be divided and propagated by splitting them
through the crowns ; but the less disturbance they get
the finer and better they grow. 7 Sheppard.
Alstrornerias. — No one seeing the?e now can
fail to be struck with their beauty, especially when
growing in masses of mixed sorts, as we have them
here, in which way they show off their beauties to the
greatest advantage. The only drawback with Alstro-
merias is that they will only succeed in warm and
favourable situations, the best place for them being a
raised border under a wall or fence facing south,
where they get the protection they need in spring, as
they start into growth early and are rather tender
yet been made to utilise flower shows as a means of
obtaining additions to the income of this horticultural
institution. Of course, I cannot say how far the idea
may be accepted by committees of local horticultural
societies if their consent to its practical adoption were
asked, but what I would propose is that, with a view
to secure some help from the garden loving public
as well as from gardeners, the committees of those
local and provincial societies should be asked to
permit collecting boxes, inscribed with the title of
the Benevolent Institution and its objects, to be
placed securely in a prominent place at all
flower shows, of which there are perhaps some
500 or more throughout the kingdom annually.
If even but 20j. were collected at each show
that would give a good round sum to the funds, and
the provision of the boxes would prove a good invest-
ment. Apart from the public, there are hundreds of
gardeners now who hardly know of the existence of
the Institution ; or, if they do, care little for it, as its
objects are not brought home to their minds. Through
the medium of dinners and other costly methods
there has been in the past too much running after the
guineas of the rich, and although the garden collec-
tions have been a step towards obtaining the lowly
shilling, there are places in which, unhappily, these
collections have come to be regarded as a species of
black mail by the under-gardeners, many of whom
are too poor to give, and yet are afraid to refuse. On
the other hand, such collections as I suggest would,
firstly, enable the public to contribute ; secondly, it
would admit of hundreds of the poorer and young
gardeners contributing their shillings without the
least appearance of pressure ; and third, and not
least, it would appeal to numerous gardeners — and
head ones especially — -to be liberally disposed at a
moment when, having won good prizes, they may be
induced to make from their winnings some liberal
donations. A. D. C. [The suggestion has often been
made— would that it were put into practice. Ed,]
The Fruit Crops.— There is an old saying, that
no one should prophecy till they know ; and it is a
pretty safe prediction to make now that we shall have
a very fruitful season, and especially as regards Apples
and Pears, which everywhere appear to be quite a full
crop. At one time the trees were badly infested with
maggot, but the glorious rains which have been so
general have washed these troublesome insects off,
and left the trees smiling through their clean foliage
in a way most pleasant to see. Besides being abun-
dant, there is every prospect that the fruit will be
fine, as the swelling lately has been most rapid, and
there is a shining, healthy lock about it, showing
plainly that the tender cuticle has not been injured in
the way too common by late frosts in the spring. It
is to be hoped, therefore, that there will be little or
no cracking among Pears, the splitting of which is
invariably caused by the hardened state of the skin,
brought on by the action of cold when the small fruits
are just set and in a tender condition. Plums, both
on walls and standards, are very thin, but Peaches
and Nectarines have better crops on them than I hey
have had for years past, and the trees are making
splendid growth, happily free from green-fly and red-
spider, so prevalent in seasons less genial. Apricots
with us, and in all other gardens where I have been,
are nearly a failure, the cold, sharp nights during
March when they were in bloom having proved too
much for them ; but though bare of fruit, it is cheer-
ing to find that there is little canker or dying off of
the branches, and to see the trees in good health.
Figs are very promising, and the quantity of fruit on
them now may, I think, be pronounced safe, as it is
not likely to turn yellow, and be cast off after this.
Dessert Cherries are irregular, some trees on east
aspects being very full, while others on west or north-
west walls are less so ; but all the fruit is remarkably
fine, and only wants sun now to give it good flavour.
Morellos are laden, they having been favoured with
better weather at the time of flowering, and escaped
frost-bite, which was the cause of so many stoning so
badly, and falling off from the others. Bush fruits of
all kinds have excellent crops, Raspberries and Black
Currants more particularly, bushes of the latter being
so crowded as to be quite borne down by their load.
Strawberries, too, are thickly studded, and the rain
has been of great service in assisting the plants to
swell the fruit up to its fullest size, and the late sorts
will therefore be fine. y. Sheppard, Suffolk.
COLONIAL NOTES.
Hong Kong.— The botanical origin of the Stat
Anise of commerce not having yet been verified,
beyond the fact that it is a species of Illicium, pro-
bably near to the Japanese I. anisatum, a good deal
of interest has been excited in the subject, and H.
Kopsch, Esq., Commissioner of Chinese Imperial
Maritime Customs at Pakhoi, being situated at the
part at which large quantities of Star Anise are re-
ceived from the interior for export, has taken great
interest in the subject, and he has made repeated
exertions to procure seeds or plants of the tree. Mr.
Kopsch very kindly sent me seeds on two or three
occasions, but they did not germinate. However,
Mr. Kopsch eventually succeeded in obtaining a few
very small seedhogs, which he forwarded to me ; they
have had the greatest care bestowed on them, and I
am glad to say that six are now thriving perfectly,
and I hope that ultimately we shall succeed in getting
them to flower, and that then the plant can be ex-
amined and the species satisfactorily ascertained, if
before then we do not succeed in procuring good dried
botanical specimens of the plant from the districts
where it grows. I hope that I may have the oppor-
tunity of visiting the districts to the north-west of Pak-
hoi, where it grows. The districts could only be reached
by a considerable amount of troublesome overland
travelling, but I think the journey is practicable. If
this jeurney could sometime be made, the whole
question of the botanical origin and cultivation of the
Star Anise could probably be settled, as was done
with the Cassia lignea by my expedition to the West
River last year.
The usual annual flower show was held by the
Exhibition Society in the gardens in February. These
shows have been held uninterruptedly for ten years,
and they have fulfilled the chief purpose for which
they were organised, viz., to improve the cultivation
and supply for market purposes of the kinds of
vegetables usually grown in Europe, as well as
Chinese kinds. The cultivation of pot plants in
general, except by a few energetic exhibitors, has not
made the advance which was anticipated.
22
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
rjULY 7, 1883.
In Ihe month of May last, with the consent of this
Government, and with the approval of Lord Kimber-
ley, at the instance of Sir Joseph Hooker, I was per-
n.itted to make the first of what is intended to be a
series of expeditions in the Chinese Empire, for the
purpose of obtaining more knowledge of its little
known vegetable productions. I proceeded to the
Cassia lignea districts on the West River, for the pur-
pose of clearing up the uncertainty respecting the
botanical origin of Cassia bark, and for the acquire-
ment of information on the collection of the bark and
cultivation of the plant, so that the information which
had been so long wanted might be made available for
scientific and economic purposes. Dried specimens
of the plant were brought back and forwarded to Sir
Joseph D. Hooker at Kew, where they were identi-
fied without doubt as Cinnamomum Cassia, Bl. Sub-
sequently living plants, which I had also brought
back with me, were distributed from this garden to
various botanic gardens.
There is still some doubt as to where Cinnamomum
Cassia exists in a wild state. It may be of some
interest to state that in recently looking over the
travels of Marco Polo I noticed that he says, in refer-
ence to the province of Thibet :— " Cinnamon and
coral occur" (p. 137): and again:— "It yields
ginger, cinnamon, and other spices." Alluding to a
river which he calls Brius he says :— " On its banks
is found abundance of Cinnamon " (p. 140). It may
be that these districts in Thibet are the home of the
Cassia in a wild state.
The operations of the year were of much greater
extent than those of any previous year. The total
number of trees planted — that is, including the number
of patches of seeds sown in situ — was 1,096,230. Of
this number 266,440 were planted, the remainder —
829,790 patches — were of sowings in silii. The total
of this year's work is thus 318,316 more than the
total of last year's work.
Seeds and tender seedlings have much more to
contend with on the hills, where, after once put out,
they are to a great extent out of the reach of further
protection, than in nurseries, where, for a year, they
can have their requirements attended to and receive
protection from the various and manifold influences
which threaten their existence. The cost of sowing
in situ is only about one-fifth of that of using nursery
trees, and as the losses sustained from the various
causes attendant on the system are not more than one-
third of the whole number, there is reason for pursuing
that plan in places which are suitable for its successful
accomplishment.
Through the kind assistance of my friends the Rev.
B. C. Henry and Mr. Moh Sih Chui, of Canton, in
procuring seeds from localities on the North and West
Rivers, I was enabled to introduce the Chinese Var-
nish tree (Aleurites vernicia), and we now have three
plantations of this, containing 26,000 healthy seed-
lings about a foot high. Judging of what I saw of
this tree, and the situations in which it flourished
when I was up the West River, there seems great
promise of its succeeding in Hong Kong, and being,
when old enough, of considerable economic import-
ance.
Of the Mahogany tree (Swietenia Mahogani), 322
were planted, and they have made very good progress,
a well sheltered ravine with fairly good soil having
been selected for them. From reports of the Indian
Forest Department I notice that the Mahogany trees
in India are much subject to the attacks of boring
insects, which destroy the ends of the young branches.
The same thing has occurred here with our older
trees, but those planted last year have not shown any
signs of attack. For the seeds from which these trees
were obtained we were indebted to Mr. H. Prestoe,
the Superintendent of the Trinidad Botanic Gardens.
Eucalyptus citriodora, the lemon-scented Gum tree,
planted in iSSo, is succeeding fairly well where it was
planted — amongst Pine trees which had attained suffi-
cient height to protect the young Gum trees. Of five
trees measured the mean height was iS feet, and the
mean circumference at I foot from the ground was
10 inches. Of this and other kinds of Gum trees
planted experimentally on hills where there were no
other trees to nurse them, the trees have failed.
From this we may learn that, with the Pine as a
nurse tree, other exotic trees of certain kinds can be
successfully reared.
From the one small tree of Persea nanmuh, the
celebrated Chinese Coflin-wood tree, which was in-
troduced from Yun-nan, with the kind assistance of
Mr, Walters, in 1880, we propagated sixty-four by
layering ; eleven of these were planted out in per-
manent positions.
Seeds of the Toon tree {Cedrela Toona) were re-
ceived from the Indian Forest Department, but I
regret to say we could not get any of them to
germinate.
The first revenue derived from tree planting was
obtained from thinnings of one of the plantations
made in 1875. The plantations having arrived at
that condition when thinnings are required, there will
be a portion coming in with each succeeding year
that should be attended to, and as the plantings were
gradually increased in area with each year the number
of trees to be felled will also be larger each succeeding
year. The number of trees felled this year was 1460,
for which we obtained 48 dols., or about 33 cents for
each tree. The whole cost of planting the trees was
3 cents each. Those which we felled being the weakly
ones, and those which are left being at least half as
big again as those taken out, we may calculate the
value of the standing trees at about 5 cents each,
which is an increase in value in eight years of about
66 per cent., which, from a financial point of view,
might be looked upon as a satisfactory investment of
Government money, in addition to the advantages of
tree planting, which cannot be represented in figures.
The trees here alluded to are growing on one of the
most favourable positions; therefore, taking an average
of the whole results of tree planting on bad soils and
otherwise unfavourable places, as well as on those
situations where trees grow rapidly, the financial
results would probably be brought down to par for the
first eight years ; however, after that the trees which
would be left standing would increase more rapidly in
value, and if cut down and sold would render a profit-
able return for the outlay. Although in Hong Kong
the money value of tree planting is not the object in
view, yet if it can be shown that there is a prospect of
a return of the sums laid out in addition to the accom-
plishment of well wooded hills, the result is all the
more satisfactory.
The protective work of afforestation has been ener-
getically attended to. The forest guards generally
have done what they could to stop tree cutting and
grass cutting on prohibited lands. The measures
adopted to confine the grazing of goats to certain
localities which have been reserved for that purpose
have worked very well on the whole, and considering
the number of goats in the colony there has been very
little trouble with them.
The planting operations of the year are shown in
the following table :—
Pinus sinensis .. .. .. .. .. 202,475
,, ,, sown /« s//H (patches) .. ,. 790,050
Curcas Jatropha .. .. .. .. 32,397
Aleurites vernicia . . .. 26.374
Quercus bambusEefolia, r« iiV« (patches) .. 17,440
Rhus succedanea . . . . . . . . . . 9,000
Stillingia sebifera .. .. .. .. .. 4,95a
Melia Azederach .. .. .. .. .. 4,350
Casuarina equisetiTolia .. .. .. .. 3iCoo
Bischoflia javanica .. .. .. .. 1.773
Melia Azederach .. .. .. .. .. 1,000
Aleurites triloba, 7« J^V« (patches) .. .. 1,000
Persea sp .. .. .. 857
Livistona sinensis . . . . . . . . 43s
Swietenia Mahogani .. .. .. .. 32Z
Greviltea robusta .. .. .. .. .. 316
Camellia hongkongensis 125
■ Ficus retusa .. 63
Cunninghamla sinensis .. .. .. .. 40
Miscellaneous 246
Total .. .. 1,096,230
Charles ForJ, Superintendent^ Eotanit and Afforesta-
tion Department^ Hon^ Kon^.
WHY FIGS CAST THEIR FRUIT.
The abstract of Count Solms-Laubach's essay on
the Fig tree that I contributed to these columns (pp.
529 and 572 of the last volume), has aroused the
interest of several of my gardening friends, one of
whom, Mr. G. Stanton, followed me with an article
on the same subject (see vol. xix., p. 636). This has led
me into further researches, the results of which,
though they are by no means conclusive, it may be
worth while putting on record. I do not now pro-
pose entering into the question of the utility of
caprification so far as the Fig is concerned as an
edible fruit, because we have abundant evidence that
the fruit ripens quite independently of that operation;
and there are many other instances of seedless
varieties of edible fruits doing the same thing. I may,
however, refer the reader to Gasparrini's memoir, a
translation of which will be found in the Journal of /he
Horticultural Society of London (fii., 1848, pp. 185 —
216). The utility, or rather the necessity, of the insect
that passes the greater part of its life within the recep-
tacles of the Caprifig visiting the domestic Fig to
effect fertilisation by the conveyance of pollen, seems
to have been established almost beyond doubt. That
the cultivated Fig is the female, and the Caprifig the
male of one and the same species is not so certain.
Perhaps this sounds somewhat paradoxical ; but it
should be remembered, that in all cases where the
two sexes have been observed in the same receptacle,
there was proterogynous dichogamy, in other words,
the functional activity of the two sexes was not
contemporaneous, and the females developed before
the males — at least, that was what Count Solms and
others found. Payer ( Traitc d' Orgajio^^enie Comparce^
p. 285, t. 61) confirms this from a study of the
development of the receptacles from their inception.
The bottom of the receptacle is the oldest part, and
represents the summit of the axis ; and, generally
speaking, the nearer the base the older the flowers,
though, as the whole inflorescence is cymose, and not
an inverted spike, a cluster of flowers taken from any
part of the receptacle will consist of flowers of
different ages. But the question I have been pursuing
is the presence of male flowers in the cultivated Fig.
The literature of the subject abounds in apparent con-
tradictions, and a short summary of it may serve to
elucidate matters. As Mr. Stanton points out, in
nearly all our text-books on botany we are taught
that the inflorescence of the Fig — which, in this
country at least, we can only understand as the
cultivated Fig — contains both male and female
flowers. Though this is wrong as to the general con-
dition of things in the Fig, it does not follow that the
cultivated Fig was intended in all cases. Possibly an
author who had the Caprifig under consideration has
been followed by many subsequent writers. Possibly,
too, some of the writers may have encountered the
apparently exceptional condition of the cultivated
Fig described in some of the extracts below; still it
cannot be denied that there is strong presumptive
evidence of botanists having copied each other, in the
belief that the cultivated Fig contained both male and
female flowers functionally active at the same time.
The most perplexing of all the figures of the inflores-
cence of the Fig is that in Dr. Asa Gray's new
Botanical Text-Book, 1879 (p. 302, fig. 659), which
represents a slice of the receptacle bearing male and
female flowers intermixed, and of the same stage of
development, and not in the least crowded. That
such a condition of things ever exists in the cultivated
Fig is problematical ; yet freaks of this nature will
appear more probable after reading what follows.
Solms attributes to Colin Milne, 1770 [Botanical
Dictionary, under the article Caprification), the merit
of having first recorded the fact that the cultivated
Fig contains no male flowers. The author in question
says — "The flowers in the cultivated Fig tree are
female only, but of the wild Figs some have male
flowers, others have both male and female flowers.
This being premised, two questions naturally occur —
I. In what manner are the flowers of the cultivated
Fig tree fecundated ? 2. How happens it that the fruit
of our Fig trees ripen if the flowers are of one sex
only, and have no assistance from the male ? For it is
not pretended that there are any male Fig trees in
this country." He answers the first question by
describing caprification, which he already regarded
as essential to fertilisation ; and he goes on — " Fig
trees, then, in this country, ripen their fruit, but not
their seed ; and can therefore be propagated only by
layers, suckers, or cuttings." It maybe mentioned
here, that I have searched in vain for any record of
a seedling Fig having been raised in this country,
though in a list of cultivated varieties ( Transactions
of ihe Horticultural Society of London, v., p. 347)
there is the name " Ford's Seedling," leading to the
inference that such a thing has occurred, if the name
was honestly given. So far I have not met with
evidence of a single variety having originated in
England.
To return to our author, it is very probable that
Milne got his information respecting the absence of
males in the Fig from Pontedera (1720), though he
of course may have verified it ; for he specially refers
to this author and Tournefort. Solms seems to have
overlooked the fact that Pontedera expressly states
that the domestic fig is destitute of stamens.
The Erinosyce. — Besides the Fig and Caprifig,
Pontedera distinguished a third form or race, which
July 7, 1SS3.]
THE GARDRNERS- CU RON /CLE.
23
bore two crops of fruit, an early and a late ; the early
crop resembling the Iruit of the C.iprifig, and the late
crop resembling the fruit of the cultivated Fig, among
other things in being destitute of male flowers.
Pontedera's words are — "Ilis paucis de Caprifico
expositis, ad tertiam Ficus differentiam venio, id est
ad Erinosycen. Ilasc autem semper bifera est, cujus
pr^ecocia poma grossi sunt, apicibus staminibusque
referta, et sine maturitate decidua ; serotina vero
stamina apicesque nequaquam producunt, unguibus
tantum squamosis, ut in sativis ficubus, ornala.
IIa:c suam habent perfectionem, et edulia sunt. Est
igitur Erinosyce inter sativam Ficum et Capiificum
media ; nam pomis prxcocibus ad Caprificum
spectat, serotinis autem ad sativam Ficum."
Respecting the Erinosyce, Solms remarks that it
awaits further research ; possibly it may have some
relationship to the variety of cultivated Fig he met
with at Croisic, at the mouth of the Loire, on the
coast of Brittany, This variety has perfect male
flowers, but they are much behind the females in
their development, and the upper part of the Fig,
which contains them ripens much less perfectly, so
that it is customary to throw it away in eating. As
stated in the abstract of Solm's essay, with the ex-
ception of this variety, he found perfect male flowers
in none of the numerous fruits of the cultivated Fig
examined by him. Occasionally there are malformed
or monstrous stamens destitute of pollen,
A Variety of the Cutivated Fig with
Male Flowers in England.— In searching the
Transactions of the Horlkiiltural Society of London
for information on this subject, and especially for
possible records of the raising of seedling Figs in
England, I came upon an interesting article (v., p.
163), entitled "Observations on the Fruit of Fig
Trees," by Sir Charles Miles Lambert Monck. Then
as now. Fig growers were sometimes disappointed by
the fruit falling off when immature, and the investi-
gations of the author of the article in question were
conducted with a view to discovering the cause of the
fruit failing te ripen. He says ; — " When the failure
of fruit in the conservatory as certainly as on the
garden wall made me 'sure that the defect of warmth
was not the cause, I was led to suspect, from the con-
stant advance of the Figs to the same state, and as con-
stant failure when they came to it, that it was defect
of setting. I am no botanist, but I know the stigmas
and stamens with their anthers, and the ofiices of
each. This spring, when the Figs on that Fig tree
in the conservatory which casts its fruit were half
grown, I cut one open, and with the assistance of a
microscope found that it contained next the eye many
florets having lull-sized anthers ; the remaining part
of the Fig was occupied by florets each containing one
stigma. These last florets were small in proportion
to the other kind, though much more numerous.
The whole fruit was squat-shaped, anther-bearing
florets being in the upper part, and the bottom being
occupied by heavy stigma-bearing florets, amongst
which here and there a half perfect anther-bearing
floret occasionally exists. Many of these Figs
dropped when half grown, others at different in-
creased sizes. Those which remained on latest
seemed to make an ineffectual effort to ripen ; they
swelled suddenly but only a little, and acquired
somewhat of the complexion of a ripe Fig, but when
cut open showed the anthers grown much larger,
though dead and dry, the stigmas no further ad-
vanced than in a half-grown Fig, and the part at the
root of these last which ought to be the pulp was
become a little moist, and had acquired a very slight
smell of the ripe fruit, but was not sweet or even
eatable. I opened every spring F'igs that fell from
this tree, and found them all as I have described.
When the summer crop came I found some variation.
A few dropped at half size, the others stayed on and
made the ineffectual attempt to swell. I observed
upon opening them that those which stayed longest
swelled most, acquired most of the complexion of a
ripe Fig, had their anther-bearing florets small and
least numerous, their stigma-bearing florets much
further advanced in size and perfection than any
which were contained in the spring crop — they even
appeared to contain very small seeds. For the benefit
of comparison I cut open half-grown spring Figs of
the White Marseilles tree in the conservatory, and of
the Howick Fig tree against the garden wall. These
displayed arrangements of their insides similar to each
other, but quite different from those of the other Fig ;
their anther-bearing florets were small and imperfect,
occupying a very small space round the eye. Their
stigma-bearing florets were like velvet, lining the
lower part of the Fig, and so short as not to meet, but
to leave a vacant space in the middle of the Fig.
The White Marseilles and Howick J'"igs were not
squat-shaped, but long, like a Pear, with anlher-
bearing florets, few and puny ; the stigma-bearing
florets numerous and large, filling the whole F'ig so as
to leave scarcely any vacant space in the middle.
The anther-bearing florets always grow next to the
eye o( a Fig. If they are to lake the lead in a Fig,
the part from which they grow will naturally be large,
and the part where puny sligma-bearing florets grow
will be small : hence arises the squat shape. If the
stigma-bearing florets are to take the lead, the part
from which they grow, which is next the stalk, will
be large, and that next the eye, where the puny anther-
bearing florets grow, small ; hence arises the Pear
shape. This observation will enable us to pronounce
the internal arrangement of a Fig for fructification
from a view of its external shape, and if observations
of further varieties of F'igs should accord with these
which I have made, we may tell by the shape of the
Figs which a tree puts forth whether it will bear
eatable Figs or not. My experiments and observa-
tions .... have also led me to conjecture ; —
"i. That Fig-trees never bear Figs which con-
tain both kinds of florets in an efficient state.
"2. That Figs in which the anther-bearing florets
only are perfect never come to be eatable fruit.
"3. That you may pronounce from the external
shape of a Fig which kind of floret prevails.
"4. That Fig trees which put forth crops of Figs and
cast them, most probably do so from defect of setting."
The worthy author of the foregoing observations
seems to have been quite capable of understanding
what he saw, though some of his inferences and
deductions are not sound. From actual observation
I am able to say that shape, in so far as the Fig is
spherical or Pear-shaped, has no relation to the pre-
ponderance or greater development of one or the
other of the sexes.
'Turning to T. F. L. Nees, who was a careful
observer, we find {Genera Flom Germaniciz, iv., t.
33) that he figures both Fig and Caprifig ; and he has
the following note: — "In Fico Carica sativa flosculi
masculi desideranlur." Of the Caprifig, Miquel
{Annalcs Slusci Botanici LugJuno, Batavi, iii.) says,
* ' Videtur bona species, sed characteres ad hue incerti. "
Hayne (Gewachse, ix., t. 13) places the Fig in the
Linnean Polygamia Dioecia. Schkuhr (Botanische
Handbnch, iv., p. 356, t. 25S) places the Fig in
" Trioecia," though he states that in all the cultivated
Figs he had examined there were only female
flowers. I might go on with these references, but I
think I have given sufficient for the purpose. Not
one writer among the numerous writers whose works
I have consulted has actually figured from his own
observations male flowers from a cultivated Fig. On
the other hand, several authors of repute assert that
perfect seeds are sometimes formed in the cultivated
Fig in spite of the absence of male flowers ; and some
of these writers, at all events, refer to the Fig of
Central Europe, where the Caprifig does not exist.
Dr. Brandis {Forest Flora of North-ivest and Central
India, p. 41S) says of Ficus Carica, "The receptacles
which appear first, in the lower axils, are androgynous
(that is, contain both male and female flowers),
containing a few male with numerous female flowers ;
those which appear later in the year, in the upper
axils, only produce female flowers." The author, who
is now in England, informs me that he is unable to
say whether that statement was made from his own
observation, or from an oral communication, or from
a published record.
In bringing this to a close, I may add that Dr.
Brandis and I have had an opportunity of examining
nearly ripe Figs of three cultivated varieties, namely.
Brown Turkey, Ischia, and one unknown variety,
obligingly placed at our disposal by Mr. Woodbridge,
of Syon House gardens ; and we found no trace of
male flowers, neither did we find any embryo, though
the crustaceous pericarp or testa of the seed was fully
developed.
The conclusions that the foregoing data suggest are
that the Fig is practically dioecious, with a tendency
to revert to a polygamously dioecious condition ; and
that the cultivated Fig has, like many other plants,
the power of producing apogamous or adventitious
embryos, not perhaps constantly, but occasionally.
Further, I am inclined to believe that Sir Charles
Monck was nearly right in his surmise as to the cause
of I'igs failing to set, though not quite. In my
opinion there is an occasional reversion of the sexes
as it is known to happen in other plants. The Fig
tree then produces a crop of fruit in which the flowers
are functionally male, and as soon as these have
attained their full development the Figs ihiivel ancl
fall. Of course, the fruit may fall from a variety of
causes, but it seems that it is certain to fall if it con-
tain male instead of female flowers. Gardeners may
easily solve this problem, which is much easier of
solution than the reason why there is a reversion of
the sexes, ]V, H. llenislcy.
NOTES AROUND GLASGOW.
The Botanical Gardens are looking remarkably
well just now. The new range (see p. 221, vol. xvii.)
is undoubtedly one of the finest in the United King-
dom, and is well stocked with a choice and varied
collection of plants, with which Mr. Bullen, the
energetic Curator, has done wonders since he has
been in possession of the much-needed new houses.
The splendid winter garden, known also as the
Kibble Conservatory, is also a source of great attrac-
tion, and contains some grand specimens of Palms
and Ferns — of the latter, one of the finest and
healthiest groups I have seen.
Ardgowan, the lovely seat of Sir M. Shaw Stuarl,
M.P., is also always worthy a visit. I can fully
endorse all that was lately said in your columns by a
visitor, for a cleaner and better kept place I have
never seen. The plant-houses contain in their various
departments very fine examples of successful culti-
vation, and the vineries. Peach-houses, and Fig-
house, which were recently described, contain as fine
and well-grown crops as any one could desire. The
grounds and kitchen gardens are admirably kept, and
should any one visit this princely seat they will find
in Mr. Lunt a most genial man, and a thorough
practical gardener.
Eastwood Park, the seat of David Todd, Esq.,
is another lovely spot. The houses here contain a
good collection of Orchids, and Odontoglossums and
Masdevallias are grown to perfection. The collec-
tion includes some wonderfully fine varieties, such as
Odontoglossura vexillarium. In the vinery and Peach-
house there are also fine crops. Mr. Ewart, the
gardener, is to be congratulated on his success in the
various departments.
Garscube, Lady Campbell's residence, is situated
in a beautiful spot, a few miles from the city. The
grounds are tastefully laid out, and contain one of the
finest collections of Rhododendrons in Scotland.
The fruit-houses contain grand crops, and plants are
well done all round. The great improvement mani-
fest in the various departments reflects great credit
upon Mr. Flemming, the gardener, whose heart and
soul is in his work.
Eglinton Castle, the lovely demesne of the
Earl of Eglinton, is well worth a visit at any time.
It is a charming estate, well wooded, and the grounds
are well laid out. The various departments never
looked better ; indeed, the Eglinton of to-day bears
no comparison with the Eglinton of eight years ago,
so great is the improvement that has been made. In
the well ordered kitchen garden I was astonished to
find a long bed containing 1500 plants of the true
double old Scotch Rocket, each 2 feet high, as much
through, some spikes branched and over 9 inches
long, with as many as seven and eight branches.
What a valuable plant for cutting from ! Then again
there are two long borders of Foxgloves, such a show
as I never expected to see ; and of Violas Mr. Gray
has been fortunate in raising some splendid varieties
which have been sent out, and are much appreciated
by the public. Mr. Gray and Lady Diana are grown
here with numerous others, and are now in perfec-
tion, making as grand a display as it is possible to
conceive. Herbaceous and alpine plants receive
here all the attention they deserve ; and what can be
more useful than such a collection as the Eglinton
garden contains? Too much credit cannot be bestowed
upon Mr. Gray for the great improvements he has
made here.
There are several other fine places in the neigh-
bourhood, of which I must send you notes at some
future time. Of course the grand collection of plants
formerly known as the Meadowbank collection, and
the late Mr. A. B. Stewart's, are broken up, but it
is gratifying to find that other gentlemen are taking
an interest in horticultural matters, and it is to be
hoped that Glasgow will not (all behind other cities
and towns in the kingdom. A. 0.
24
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 7, 1883.
COMPARETTIA FALCATA.
Remarks on the Geographical Distribu-
tion OF COMPARETTIA FALCATA (PoPP., EnDL.),
AND ITS Occurrence in the Natural Habi-
tat. — The main inducement to communicate the
following notes on the above subject is an intimation,
made some time back in the Gardeners' Chronicle,
that Comparettia falcata grows amongst Fragarias in
its natural habitat. How far this is the case, or
not, the geographical distribution as far as disco-
vered up to this date, the influence of orographical
and climatical conditions, &c., I propose to discuss
in the present article. One or the other item may
prove useful to some of the readers of this paper.
Geographical Distribution.— In latitude Com-
parettia falcata occurs from 2° S. lat. to l6° N. lat. —
that is, from Central Ecuador to Northern Guate-
mala. The longitudinal extension is from 76° to
95° W. long., Gr. ; but this is of little signification,
as the plant might make its delnU in any longitude if
the climatical and other conditions were suitable.
The region inhabited by Comparettia falcata is some-
what smaller than the general average region of most
other Orchids, which is from 800 to 1000 metres
under the Equator. It is likewise lower and smaller
in Guatemala and other Central American places,
higher and larger in Columbia and Ecuador. The
inferior limit above the sea-level is 1000 metres in
Guatemala, growing gradually to 1200 metres towards
the Equator. The superior limit 'is 1400 and 1800
metres respectively. Illustrated the region of C.
falcata would exhibit the half-moon form ; and this
is, indeed, the shape of the region that most Orchids,
and other plants growing near or under the Equator,
affect. Compared with Humboldt's regional divisions,
it would par excellence fall in his region of the Myrtles
and Laurels, especially under the Equator. In Guate-
mala it occurs in the beginning of his region of ever-
green Oak woods.
Climatical Conditions. — The climate, the
most important factor on which the appearance and
organic development of epiphytal Orchids depends, is
at the same time a problem very difficult to be solved
— at least by the traveller, who can only carry on his
meteorological observations (and these to a very
limited extent) during short periods of time in one
locality. Notwithstanding this I possess observations
of the atmospheric pressure, the temperature of the air
and of the soil at different depths, psychrometer (wet
and dry bulb thermometers) readings, &c., of almost
all regions from Guatemala to Northern Peru ; and
although they are chiefly for but short spaces of time-
indeed often only of few days' duration — they have
been made at all seasons of the year, and thus will
allow a reliable conclusion (of course, not absolute
data, but by no means mere guesses, like those of
some veteran plant collectors who never carried any
physical or mechanical instrument, except, perhaps, a
questionable thermometer) of the periodic courses of
the above-specified items, which at different seasons
follow with much regularity in equinoctial districts,
I mentioned two items of my observations especially,
viz., the observation of the^temperature of the soil at
different depths, and the psychrometer (hydrometer)
readings. Both factors appear to me of the highest
importance for artificial plant culture. The former
is, moreover, a fairly reliable method of securing the
annual mean temperature of a certain locality, pro-
vided one does not content himself with the depth
specified by M. Boussingault, who made the assertion
that there is no variation of temperature beyond
30 cm. of depth in equinoctial districts. This latter
assertion is just as hypothetical as several others of
the great scientist, but to criticise them is neither in
place here nor is it my object. With respect to the
temperature of the soil, I have observed that in some
localities — for instance, about Purificacion and Neiva,
in the Upper Magdalena Valley — there is still a notable
change of temperature at the depth of 80 cm. to be
perceived. Of course those barren localities, with
their unclouded sky for a considerable period of time,
make an exception to the rule. What the tempera-
ture of the soil is to plant culture in general so is the
degree of humidity of the atmosphere to Orchids in
particular, or even more, as these plants and their
development mostly depend upon that factor. Ano-
ther matter of great importance with Orchids is the
degree of clouding of the sky and its duration during
the day. How great the latter really is I have practi •
cally observed by trial-culture of Orchids commenced
some time since, at various places and elevations, the
results of which shall be made known after returning
from the Tropics.
These introductory remarks I have thought neces-
sary to make in order to illustrate the extent and
modus of my observations, and afford ample scope
to critics.
The climate of the region outlined above is rather
changeable, not only with respect to the temperature,
but also with respect to the periodical rainfall and the
quantity of water in the air. The mean temperature
of the entire region is 18° C. (64° Fahr.), the same in
Central America as in Columbia and Ecuador ; but the
difference between the annual maximum mean and
annual minimum mean temperature of the warmest and
coldest month of the year is very great in the various
countries. It is only 1.5° C. to 2° C. in Columbia
and Ecuador, but 6,5° C. to 7.5° C. in Guatemala.
The quantity of water in the atmosphere varies some-
what, according to the seasons, but there is sufficient
ground to conclude that during the wet season it will
probably be of uniform proportions over the entire
zone. From the small table, which I annex for a
clearer illustration of the daily course of the tempera-
ture and the quantity of vapour of water in the atmo-
sphere, it will be seen that there is, even during the
dry season, a very high degree of saturation to be
observed, especially during the early morning and
later afternoon hours — indeed, as much as the air at
the observed temperature can carry.
The seasons vary greatly in the countries cited above.
In Guatemala there prevails only one dry and one
wet season, the first commencing in December and
ending in April, Thus a strongly pronounced rest in
the entire vegetation. In Columbia there are two
dry and two wet seasons. The first dry one com-
mences in January and ends in March, the second
commences in June and ends in September. The
heaviest rains fall about the end of April and in
November, There are often exceptions to this rule,
and it is not uncommon that rain falls throughout the
year. In consequence of this the vegetation there is
scarcely ever at rest.
The anemological and nubiferous conditions (wind
and cloud) of the region of Comparettia falcata follow
somewhat regular courses. About the anemological
conditions it suflices to be observed that there is
never a perfect rest in the aerial circulation. There
is always a gentle breeze to be noted. The greatest
proportions, according to a decimal scale, hardly
ever reaches 5. As to the cloud conditions of
the region of Comparettia falcata, I have, of the
numerous localities visited, never observed that the
sky was perfectly free from clouds, nor, on the other
hand, densely overcast with them. There is a con-
stant change of light and shade. Until 9 a.m.
a light fog usually covers the thinly set woods in
which C. falcata grows. At that hour they then
begin to rise and form foggy-looking cumulus, which
during the dry season soon concentrates into grayish
strata. During the wet season they begin to pre-
cipitate in heavy showers from about 2 p.m. The
appearance of the sky at this season resembles much
that which prevails at the end of April and beginning
of May on the European continent.
Phenomena of Growth.— There are few Orchids
which are so particular in this respect as Com-
parettias. The only ones which can be compared
with them are the genera Burlingtonia, Tricho-
centrum, lonopsis, Rodriguezia, and a few others.
Comparettia falcata is, moreover, very particular as
to the trees on which it grows ; and this may be
taken as the principal reason why they are so difficult
to grow artificially. With but few exceptions on
Oaks and Orange trees in Guatemala, and the Guava
tree (Inga spec), they scarcely ever frequent any
other trees as the common Guayava (Psidium guay-
ava), the Arrayan (Myrtus xylopioides), and the
Mimosa trees. The woods in which it makes its
debiU are usually of a thinly-set copse-wood character.
In some cases they are park-like savannah woods ;
in others the thinly-set outskirts of larger forests.
Localities 'frequented by preference are the banks of
rivers and mountain brooks, bordered with tabular
Mimosa bushes.
From the foregoing notes it will clearly be seen that
the statement as to C. falcata growing a"nongst Fra-
garias can hardly be true. This is, for two reasons,
impossible ; one is that C. falcata is an exclusive
epiphyte ; two, the inferior limit of Fragaria is 2000
metres above the sea in the equatorial Andes, while
the superior limit of the region of C. falcata is only
1800 metres. I might warn all Orchid growers
against plunging their Comparettias into any kind of
soil, or even sphagnum. They will only thrive on
blocks ; perhaps Oak-wood ought to be employed.
Concluding Remarks.— Whether all the plants
of Comparettia of the region outlined above are to be
taken as typical falcata I will not decide here. I may
take one or the other form, variety, or even sub-
species, as nothing more than an abnormal develop-
ment caused through different climatical conditions ;
but since I am anything but a modern form or variety
maker, I must observe that I may overlook points
which are sufficient to create a new species altogether.
However, many years' observations in indisputably
one of the richest fields of epiphytal Orchids on the
globe have shown me that Orchids, growing in differ-
ent localities, and under varying orographical and
climatical conditions, are capable of great abnormal
developments, I have, indeed, seen so much varia-
tion in Orchids that I have given up all talk about new
varieties. To give an example, I may mention that
during my last travels in the Magdalena basin— de-
voted exclusively to the study of the country— a
locality was visited in which Cattleya Triann: grew
very abundantly. Of the many hundreds of plants
which were seen in bloom I was unable to select two
that had flowers of equal size and colour, so great was
the variation. I think every English amateur of
Orchids might have two special varieties from that
spot without exhausting the number of them. Now,
supposing all these varieties of Cattleya were de-
scribed and named, what a catalogue ! I think such
plants might receive a local name — say, Mr. Gosling's
dark-coloured variety, or Mr. Pfeifenhauer's extremely
large lipped plant — as this is of considerable import-
ance to the horticulturist ; but as far as the botanist
is concerned, these varieties can only be simply
recorded, with the remark that such and such a
species is capable of greatly varying developments.
Not at all less is the variation with Comparettia
falcata. While the plants from Guatemala are very
small, producing short wiry-looking scapes with but
three to five small intensively coloured flowers, those
from some parts (not from all !) of Columbia are three
and fourfold the size, and produce strong many-
branched panicles with from twenty-five to forty
crimson-coloured large flowers. The plants from
Ecuador are only of medium size.
As to the extinction of this Orchid in its natural
habitat, there exists as little probability as with most
other Orchid species. It has often been thought
that by the irrational system of collecting such
species as Odontoglossum crispum, Lindl., may
sooner or later become an object of the past in the
natural woods of Columbia. Indeed, this belief
went so far that an old patriarch of Orchid impor-
tations considered it a fine "spec" to keep a col-
lector constantly in the locaHty of that plant, while
another company announced the complete extermi-
nation of Odontoglossum cirrosum, Lindl., in its
natural habitat. There is no danger of such exter-
minations of species. Of course on the road from
Guaduas to Tacatativa and Bogota it might be con-
sidered a miracle par excellence if a specimen plant of
Odontoglossum crispum was found ; and many of our
modern collectors — who sleep until 11 a.m., thus
giving rise to discontent on the part of the hotel-
keeper from taking their meals at unusual hours, and
after this see how many plants their Indians have
harvested — know very little more about the woods
of Cundinamarca, and it is really no wonder if
such tales of extermination are spread about. Since
there are millions of acres of ground in all parts
of Tropical America where no plant-collector has
yet stamped his footmark, and wherein, owing to
the sad political and economical circumstances with
respect to communication in most of those South
American Republics, for the next fifty years to come
will not stamp it, there are still large tracts of woods
in which those plants grow just as undisturbed
as 400 years ago, when no European had seen
America.
The only thing that can rationally be said with
respect to Orchid collecting and extermination is,
that the former becomes every day more difficult and
costly as the woods near the towns and villages are
July 7, 1883.)
THE G.IRDENERS' CHRONICLE
25
gradually destroyed and no efforts taken to restitute
them ; but, as far as extermination is concerned, actual
observations in many parts have taught me that it
hardly ever will take place with any species. /''. C.
Lehmann*
Guate
innla, 1530 metres
the sea.
above
Columbia, 1740 metres
above the sea.
Abso-
lute
Abso-
lute
Month.
Hour.
Temp,
in Fahr.
quantity
of water
in the
air.
Mnth.
Temp,
in Fahr.
quantity
of wattr
in the
air.
„
gramins.
gramms.
April.
6 A.M.
SS
11.4
April.
58
130
.,
7 ••
57
10.9
"
59
13.Q
„
8 .,
62
10.3
11
60
'=■3
i>
9 T.
66
lao
63
12 2
„
10 ,,
7>
9. a
6S
12.0
„
11 .,
73
9.0
,,
68
11.9
„
13 M.
76
8.5
73
JI.9
„
I P.M.
78
8.5
7"
11.9
„
3 >>
78
9 3
7t
11.9
„
3 11
77
10. 0
.. ' 70
■-'3
„
4 <•
75
10.2
„ 1 68
12.9
5 .,
7»
10.5
65
13-0
„
6 „
68
11.0
64
13. 1
»
7 ,.
65
11.2
1 »
63
13.1
„
8 „
63
11.6
63
13.1
■•
9 >■
62
11.6
63
■3-1
Itflttccs of §aoIiS.
English Botany, or Coloured Figures of
British Plants. Third edition, enlarged, re-
arranged according to the Natural Orders, and en-
tirely revised. Edited by John T. Boswell,
LL.D., K.L.S., &c. No. 84. (George Bell &
Sons, York Street, Covent Garden, London.)
It is with very great satisfaction that we find the
continuation of this, our standard work on British
botany, has been resumed after an interval amount-
ing to about eight years. The new part just published
is the first number of the twelfth and concluding
volume of the whole work, which will contain the
flowerless plants of the British Isles and a complete
index to the whole work. The part before us con-
tains plates and descriptions of the following plants : —
Pilularia globulifera, Isoetes lacustris and the variety
Morei, I. echinospora, I. hystrix, Selaginella sela-
ginoides, Lycopodium Selago, L. inundatum, L.
annotinum, L. clavatum, L. alpinum, Ophioglossum
vulgatum, O. lusitanicum, and Botrychium lunaria ;
in addition to which are plates of the following,
unaccompanied by text (which will doubtless appear
in the next number), viz., Oimunda regalis, Tricho-
manes radicans, Ilymenophyllum tunbridgense, H.
unilaterale, Polypodium vulgare, Gymnogramma lep-
tophylla, Cryptogramme crispa, and Phegopteris
dryopteris. Under the head of "Excluded Species,"
Selaginella helvetica and Lycopodium complanatum
are briefly noticed. The plates representing the
above species, as compared with those of former
editions of this work, are mostly very much im-
proved by having had many additions and some
alterations made to them, and are fully equal in
merit to those of the previous volumes of the present
edition ; nevertheless, it would have been better if
the plate representing Osmunda regalis had been
improved entirely away, and a better one substituted
for it. On plate 1S27 a curious typographical error
occurs, the word Poetes being printed for Isoetes.
In the text the plants are dealt with in the same
thorough manner as in the preceding volumes.
It is to be hoped that the five succeeding parts
which will compose the rest of this volume will be
published as speedily as circumstances will permit, so
that we may shortly have the satisfaction of seeing
this useful work completed.
should be taken to ensure accuracy. We do not
know on what principle the selection of plants is
made, but it seems odd that Cypripedium calceolus
should be inserted, while the much more beautiful
C. spectabile is not mentioned. What can Mr.
Wood mean when he says of Dianthus hybridus
that "the specific name of this variety {sic) is not
at all descriptive, and it may be better to at
once give its common name of Mule Pink, of which
there are various colours," &c. ? Throughout the
book the specific names are printed in capitals — a
mere technical error, perhaps, but one very embarrass-
ing to a student. A well-known Sunflower is men-
tioned as Ilelianthus Orygalis, the English transla-
tion of which is given as the "graceful Sunflower"
— a statement which will produce even greater
embarrassment. It is a pity that a book like this,
containing so much that is practical and good, should
not have been revised before publication by some
competent botanist.
A third edition of the Student's Guide to the
Praclice of Medicine^ by Dr. Charteris (Churchill),
has been published, and may be recommended to
students as affording indications of the points to
which their attention should be directed, and it may
also be useful as a remembrancer to the practitioner.
By no means should such a book be read by an
invalid or even by his friends ! We find no mention
of the manner of using either the laryngoscope or the
ophthalmoscope, andfew references to the information
to be obtained by their use.
The Handbook Dictionary. — Mr. Murray has just
published a valuable little dictionary, prepared by
Mr. G. F. Chambers, and which is well suited for
travellers and tourists. It comprises in parallel
columns, in the English, French, and German lan-
guages respectively, a selection of all the words most
likely to be useful to the tourist. By convenient
typographical arrangements the gender of the nouns
is indicated, and great care is used to give the correct
synonymy and the appropriate signification of words
and expressions having a double or multiple meaning.
It is just the book for the tourist's knapsack, but
would be improved in the next edition by the addition
of the metric weights and measures and their English
equivalents, and a table of foreign coinage.
Hardy Perennials and Old-Fashioned Flowers.
By J. Wood. (L. Upcott Gill, 170, Strand.)
An account, arranged alphabetically, of some of
the principal herbaceous perennials which will be
useful to those amateurs who do not care for more
than a superficial knowledge of the plants they grow.
However limited their requirements, the greatest care
FOf^ESTr^Y,
Forest Work i'OR July — Barking. — The past
month has been a very favourable one for the
harvesting of bark, and every advantage should be
taken of dry weather to complete work of this kind
yet remaining unfinished. Where the peeling was
commenced early, and advantage taken of the first
chance of delivery, the bark has turned out well and
of excellent quality, the result being satisfaction on all
sides. As compared with last season prices are rather
on the decline, the average this season being Soj. per
ton. All Oak timber should be neatly dressed and
at once removed from the ground, and either lotted for
sale or disposed of otherwise. Where underwood or
coppice is desired, great care is necessary to prevent
damage to the young shoots, which will now be
springing up freely around the stools. Those planta-
tions in which barking operations have been going on
should now get a thorough overhauling, by removing
injured branches and rival leaders, repairing fences,
and liberating such trees as are becoming overtopped
by otheis, and that are intended for a permanent
crop.
Planti.xg. — Should it be found necessary to re-
plant any of the ground from which large timber has
been removed, the pits may now be opened of a large
size, and all roots and remains of the former crop
picked out, and either burned or removed from ofi the
ground. Look over young plantations formed during
the past two seasons, and remove rank herbage of all
kinds that is likely to interfere with the health of the
plants. Many young trees are either lost or rendered
useless for timber purposes, by allowing the growth
of Gorse, Briers, Ferns, rank grasses, tSic, which
entirely shut out the light and air — two essentials for
the healthy development of the young plants. Grub
out or cut close to the ground Ivy on plantation trees.
Nursery. — In the nursery pay every attention to
keeping down weeds, especially during warm, dry
weather, thus not only checking the seeds but allow-
ing a free circulation of air amongst the young plants.
Ornamental budding is usually performed during this
and the following month, as at that time the bark
separates more freely from the wood and the young
buds are fully (ormed ; but whenever the two latter
conditions can be satisfied the operation may take
place equally well. Look over grafted plants and
undo the lies where necessary, as when the scion has
taken well the sooner it is untied the better. Remove
all buds and twigs below the graft, as these tend only
to divert the sap from the head of the stock. Flm
seeds may now be collected from healthy, well grown
trees, and either sown immediately or spread out to
dry. Turn compost heaps of weeds and all vegetable
refuse, at the same time adding a quantity of hot
lime, which will not only help to hasten decomposi-
tion, but destroy the vitality of the seeds. If the
weather remains dry, water regularly all seed-beds of
Elm until they germinate ; then shade from the
scorching rays of the sun. Stir up hard ground
between the rows of all nursery stock, which is not
only highly beneficial for the plants but a means of
killing and destroying weeds. A careful overlook of
young Conifers in the nursery will at this season be
advantageous, so as to regulate and check all rival
leaders as well as strong side branches, thereby im-
proving their general appearance and adding to their
value as ornamental or timber trees.
Hedging. — Trim ornamental hedges of all kinds,
but especially those of Laurel, Yew, Box, and Privet.
Be careful to burn or bury the Yew pruning?, as they
are deadly poison to cattle, more especially when in a
half dead state. Clear all weeds and Ivy from the
bottoms of hedgerows, at the same time loosening the
soil by hoeing or a slight digging.
Pruning. — Pay attention to trees and shrubs
growing alongside drives and walks, and see that they
are not encroaching too far on the roadway. Where
such is the case they should be promptly pruned back,
and never delayed until real necessity demands their
removal. Use the pruning-knife judiciously on Laurels
and beds of choice evergreen shrubs. These should
be trimmed regularly at least once a year, for if left
for any longer period the heavy pruning then found
necessary has a very unsightly appearance, and should
never be tolerated, at least within the policy grounds.
Finish during the month all pruning and disbudding
of forest trees, at the same time r^ulating the shoots
and leaders of coniferous trees before the growth is
completed. Wounds produced by amputation or dis-
budding soon heal over when the trees are in a grow-
ing state, especially where the operation has been
carefully performed by a skilled workman.
Fencing. — Continue to erect continuous iron and
wire fences, repair such as are in a dilapidated state,
and pay strict attention to all tree guards and rabbit-
proof wire fences. During dry hot weather proceed
with the painting of gates and ornamental fences, and
the tarring of iron wire and wooden fences. Planta-
tion fences should now be frequently examined and
kept in a thorough state of repair, as during hot
weather cattle, to avoid being tormented with flies,
naturally seek the denser shade of the woodland.
Roads and Walks.— Keep all gravel walks and
roads clear of weeds, and in a good sound passable
condition, which will at all times be a pleasure to
passengers and a credit to those in charge of the
work. Material for repairing carriage drives and
roads may now be got ready and carted to some con-
venient spot ready for use when wanted. Previous
to shedding their seeds cut back all rank grasses and
weeds from the margins of roads and along the out-
skirts of plantations. Within the policy grounds a
strip of grass, 3 feet in width, is kept closely mown
alongside the principal drives, thus not only giving to
the roads a neat and tidy appearance, but also pre-
venting the long grasses from hanging over and
seeding on the margins.
General Work. — Drain, fence, pit, and other-
wise prepare ground intended for autumn planting.
Clear branches from open drains, especially in recently
thinned plantations, and have them thoroughly
drained out, and put in a good state of repair. During
warm weather begin operations on the banks of rivers
and streams where the water has been encroaching,
and remove accumulations of sand or other sediment
which may interrupt their course. Repair woodland
roads and drives, as nothing tends to enhance the
value of timber as well as facilitate forest work gener-
26
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 7, 1883.
I
ally, like well-kept roads. As recommended for last
month, it may be well to examine plantations formed
during the past season, and make firm any of the young
plants that have become swayed with the wind. Large
transplants should also be looked to during dry
weather, and if necessary a copious supply of water
should be given. Mulching the soilaround large plants,
as well as syringing overhead, is also highly beneficial,
and may be the means of saving many that would
otherwise succumb to the protracted drought and
heat. A, D. Websiefj Fenrhyn Castle^ North
Wales,
National Rose : July 3. — The excessively hot
day on Monday — and it was one of the hottest we
have had for several years — with a tremendous storm
of thunder, lightning, and rain at night, boded ill for
the success of the National Rose Society's metro-
politan show ; and, in truth, though equally as
representative, it was not so fine in all-round quality
as last year's display. Notwithstanding all that has
been said to the contrary, Roses generally suffered
much in the spring — the blooms coming now show it
unmistakably ; and what with poor substance and
the great heat, the Rose season promises to be soon
over ; but there is this consolation — we can anticipate
a good autumn display wilh some degree of confi-
dence. Those who, like Mr. Turner, deferred their
cutting till the morning of the show day, had to do it
in a drenching rain, and suffered accordingly.
Nurserymen's Classes. — The first eight classes were
confined to nurserymen, in two divisions, those showing
in division A. — the first four classes — not being allowed
to compete in division B. In what is usually regarded
as the champion class — that for seventy-two single trusses,
distinct — Mr. B. R. Cant, of Colchester, for the 3d year _
in succession took the ist prize, and in his winning
collection this time further distinguished himself by
showing both the best hybrid perpetual and the best
Tea Roses, single blooms, in the trade classes. These
were H.P. Mens. Noman, a fine bloom certainly, but
which many did not regard as a happy selection ; and
Tea Souvenir d'Elise, a magnificent flower, the superior
claims of which left no room for cavil ; and for
both of these Mr. Cant received the Society's Silver
Medal. Conspicuous for their fine quality among'the
Colchester blooms may also be noted examples of
A. K. Williams, Franfoise Michelon, Madame Charles
Wood, Dupuy Jamain, Constantine Tretiakoff, Xavier
Olibo, Duchess de Vallombrosa, Marie Van Houtte,
Devoniensis, Violette Bowyer, Perle de Lyon, Sultan
of Zanzibar, Souvenir de Mons. Boll, Baroness Roths-
child, Madame Ducher, Antoine Ducher, Duchess
of Bedford, Annie Laxton, Madame Willermoz, Maurice
Bauniann, Madame Marie Verdier, Madame Eugenie
Verdier, Boildeau, Penelope Mayo, Madame Caroline
Kuster, Duke of Teck, and Madame Vidot; Messrs.
Paul & Son were 2d, with a collection somewhat wanting
in size, though strong in substance and freshness. In
this collection the most remarkable blooms were of Dr.
Andry, Beauty of Waltham, Duchesse de Caylus,
Edouard Morren, A. K. Williams, Star of Waltham,
Madame Gabriel Luizet, Ulrich Brunner, Antoine
Ducher, Comte Raimbaud, Duchess of Bedford, Horace
Vernet, Souvenirdela Malmaison, Charles Lefebvre, Marie
Rady, Madame Eugenie Verdier, Sultan of Zanzibar,
Madame Charles Wood, Marie Van Houtte, Etienne
Levet, Annie Laxton, and Captciin Christy. Mr. Turner
came in 3d, with a grand lot of blooms as regards size
and substance, but showing signs of the weather ;
and Messrs. Keynes & Co. , Salisbury, were a
good 4lh, while the Cranston Nursery Co., Here-
ford, were Highly Commended. In the class for
thirty-six trebles, distinct, there was one entry less than
in the preceding, and here the strength of Cheshunt was
developed to the utmost, and the result was accom-
plished of turning the tables on the Colchester grower,
Messrs. Paul & Son taking ist honours. Very superior
in this collection were their trios of Captain Christy,
Beauty of Waltham, Charles Lefebvre, Marie Rady,
George Moreau, Marie Baumann, Caroline Kuster, A.
K. Williams, ConUesse d'Oxford, Etienne Levet. Dr.
Andry, Duke of Edinburgh, Julie Touvais, Duke of
Teck, Mar^chal Niel, Comtesse de Ludine, Prince
Arthur, and Madame Eugenie Verdier. Mr. B. R.
Cant was strongest in light coloured varieties, having
among others superior blooms of Baroness Rothschild,
Etienne I^vet, Souvenird'Elise, Marie Baumann, Madame
Eugenie Verdier, Merveille de Lyon, Rubens, Ed. Mor-
ren, Marguf^rite de St. Araand, Annie Laxton, Antoine
Ducher, Madame Charles Wood, and A. K. Williams.
Mr. Turner again came in 3d, and Messrs. Keynes &
Co. 4th. With twenty-four trebles, Mr. Cant again
came to the front, his nearest rival being Mr.
G. Prince, of Oxford. The Colchester collection
included very fine blooms of Rubens, Marie Rady, Star
of Waltham, Francois Michelon, Mons. Noman, Annie
Laxton, Souvenir de la Malmaison, Edouard Morren,
Innocente Pirola, A. K. Williams, Mrs. Baker, Maurice
Bernardin, Anna Olivier, and Madame Gabrielle Luizet.
Jean Ducher, Ulrich Brunner, Rubens, Charles Lefebvre,
Marquise de Castellane, Comtesse de Nadaillac, and
Mons. E. Y. Teas were splendidly shown in Mr. Prince's
boxes. Messrs. Paul & Son were 3d, and Mr. Turner 4th.
For eighteen single Teas or Noisettes Messrs. Paul
& Son and Mr. Prince were declared equal in point
of merit, and the prizes were awarded accordingly. Most
prominent for their fine quality among the Cheshunt
flowers were examples of Souvenir d'Elise Vardon,
Rubens, Belle Lyonnaise, Madame Margottin, Perle des
Jardins, Madame Cusin, Perle de Lyon, Souvenir d'un
Ami, and Devoniensis ; while Mr. Prince's strong points
were centred in blooms of Jean Ducher, Catherine Mer-
met, Amazon, Anna Olivier, Marie Van Houtte, Com-
tesse Nadaillac, Souvenir de Madame Pernet, Souvenir
d'Elise Vardon, and Souvenir de Paul N^ron.
The first of the classes in division B., that for forty-
eight singles, brought Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co.,
of Torquay, to the front in a strongly contested class.
High-coloured flowers of substance and purity were the
mam feature in the Torquay collection, especially strong
in these respects being blooms of Duke of Wellington,
Antoine Ducher, Victor Verdier, Charles Lefebvre,
Alfred Dumesnil, Madame Charles Wood, Duke of Edin-
burgh, Marie Baumann, Fran9oise Michelon, Etienne
Levet, Barthelemy Joubert, La France, and Abel Grand.
Mr. J. House, of Peterborough, was a good 2d
Mr. ]. Walters, Mount Radford Nurseries, Exeter, 3d.
Messrs. J. [efferies & Son, Cirencester, were 3d in a class
in which there were sixteen entries. For eighteen trebles
Mr. F. Cant, of Colchester, came in ist, his blooms for
the most part being small, but very fresh and bright.
Messrs. J. Jefferies & Son came in 2d ; Messrs. Curtis,
Sandford & Co., 3d ; and Mr. Walters 4th — all showing
well. With two dozen singles Mr. Walker, of Thame,
came in ist, with a fresh, even lot ; Mr. John Mattock,
New Headington, Oxford, being 2d ; and Messrs. Kin-
mont & Kidd, of Canterbury, 3d, The Tea and Noisette
class in this section brought out a stronger competition
than in the first division, though not so good a one
as might have been expected. The ist prize was won
by Messrs. Mitchell & Son, of Piltdown, Sussex, but not
with such superb blooms as we have seen them exhibit.
The leading varieties were Devoniensis, Souvenir d'Elise
Vardon, Souvenir d'un Ami, Perle des Jardins, Jean
Ducher, Madame Margottin, Catherine Mermet, Com-
tesse Nadaillac, Madame Villermoz, jean Pernet, Sou-
venir de Paul Neron, and Mar^chal Niel. Messrs. G.
Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, were 2d; and Mr. John
Mattock, 3d.
Amateurs' Classes. — In the class for thirty-six single
trusses, Alfred Slaughter, Esq., Jarvis Villa, Steyning,
Sussex, was ist, with an excellent sample, among which
were Camille Bernardin, Dr. Andry, Star of Waltham,
Kgerie, Marie Baumann, Devienne Lamy, John Bright,
Fisher Holmes, Le Havre, Etienne Levet, Beauty of
Waltham, Souvenir d'un Ami. The blooms in this
stand were fresh, regular as to size, and well chosen for
contrast. No 2d prize was awarded, but Mr. T. W.
Girdlestone, of Sunningdale, was awarded the 3d prize
for a good stand, and R. N. G. Baker, Esq., Heavitree,
Devon, the 4th, Mr. William Harrington, Corbels Tey,
Rainham, being Highly Commended. In the compe-
titlonfor twenty-four single trusses, A. J. Waterlow, Esq.,
Great Doods, Reigate, obtained the ist prize. This box
contained, amongst other well known kinds. La France,
Henri Ledechaux, Charles Lefebvre, Marie Rady, Victor
Verdier, Countess of Oxford. Mar^chal Vaillant, Charles
Rouillard, Mrs. Laxton, Jules Finger, Mons. E. Y. Teas,
Etienne Levet : these were the cream of the lot, although
all of the blooms were very superior. The Rev. Hugh
S. Berners, Harkstead Rectory, was awarded the 2d
prize for an excellent collection, amongst which the fol-
lowing were the most noteworthy : — Marie Rady,
Mons. Noman, Fran9oise Michelon, Madame Gabrielle
Luizet, La France, Souvenir d'Elise, and Duke
of Connaught. The 3d prize was taken by Alfred
Slaughter, Esq., with an interesting stand, including
Auguste Rigotard, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, and Dr.
Andry— the Rev. W. H. Jackson. Stagsden Vicarage,
Bedford, securing the 4tfi award in this class. In
the competition for twelve distinct sorts, shown
in trusses of three each, the ist prize was awarded
to Thomas B. Heywood, Esq., Woodhatch Lodge,
Reigate (gr. , Mr. ]. Ridout), whose handsome
box contained beautiful examples in the best condition
of Le Havre, the general favourite Madame Gabrielle
Luizet, Madame Lacharme, a sort not frequently seen
in any of the collections ; Countess of Oxford, Marquise
de Castellane, Fran9oise Michelon, Baronne de Roths-
child, Captain Christy, and Edouard Morren. The
zd prize was awarded to William Harrington, Esq., who
had excellent blooms of the following favourite sorts : —
Camille Bernardin, Duke of Edinburgh, Madame Sertot,
Beauty of Waltham, and Marechal Niel. Mr. R. N. G.
Baker, Heavitree, took the 3d prize ; and Mr. Girdle-
stone, Sunningdale, also staged a nice lot of twelve.
The class for twelve Teas or Noisettes was abundantly
represented, and the blooms staged by the various com-
petitors were exquisite, rendering the task of selection a
difficult one. Mr. Alfred Slaughter was again ist prize
man with Jean Ducher, Niphetos, Anne Olivier, Rubens,
Marie Van Houtte, one of the very best of the Teas out-
of-doors ; Catherine Mermet, Souvenir d'Elise, Belle
Lyonnaise, Madame Lambard, and the yellow-veined
Amazone. The 2d prize in this class was secured by
A. L Waterlow, Esq., in whose box were capital blooms
of Bouquet d'Or, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Jean Ducher,
and the comparatively new yellow Etoile de Lyon.
Charles Davis, Esq., Grammar School, Aynhoe, Ban-
bury, was awarded the 3d prize ; and George Hawtrey,
Esq., Slough, the 4th. In the competition for twenty-
four single trusses the ist prize was obtained, against
strong competition, by John Sargant, Esq., Reigate,
whose collection, in every way excellent, contained
notably the rosy-lilac Franpoise Michelon, Baroness
Rothschild, Madame Victor Verdier, Marie Verdier,
Horace Vernet, Duke of Teck, Duchesse de Morny,
Marie Baumann, Emily Laxton, Marie Rady, Belle
Lyonnaise, Duchess of Bedford, very good for this kind ;
and the popular A. K. Williams, always bright and
taking. The 2d prize was taken by G. Baker, Esq.,
Reigate ; in this box were good examples of Pride
of Waltham, Edward Morren, Star of Waltham,
Captain Christy, and Annie Laxton. The Rev. J. H.
Pemberton, Round House, Havering-atte-Bower, Essex,
was 3d. In this collection were gooil flowers of Horace
Vernet, Hippolyte Jamain, Prince Arthur, A. K. Wil-
liams, Countess of Rosebery. Mr. H. Wakeley, Rain-
ham, was awarded the 4th prize, Mr. Grant, Hope End,
Ledbury, being Commended. In tie class for six Roses,
distinct, three trusses of each, the 1st prize was taken by
the Rev. John H. Pemberton, who: e collection consisted
of Countess of Oxford, Marechal Niel, A. K. Williams,
Horace Vernet, La France, and Marquise de Castel-
lane. The 2d prize was secured by W. H. Wakeley,
Esq., Marklands, Rainham, in whose lot were good
samples of John Bright, Capt;' n Christy, and Mons.
Noman. Miss W. Taylor,^ Manor House, Head-
ingly, obtained the 4th prize, no 3d being awarded.
In the competition for twelve distinct single trusses. Miss
W. Taylor was placed ist \vi h a nice lot, including,
amongst other well-known sorts, Marie Cointet, Duchesse
de Caylus, Marechal Niel, Madame G. Luizet, L.
Havre, Therese Levet, Sultan of Zanzibar, and A, K .
Williams. The 2d prize was awarded to G. Mount,
Esq., Harbledown, Canterbury, who showed a good
Eugene Fiirst, Alfred Colomb, and the|pretty Baronne de
Rothschild.' Julius Sladden, Fsq., Badsey, Evesham, took
the 3d prize, showing Duchesst- de Caylus, A. K. Williams,
and the less known Rosy ^'orn, in faultless condidon.
The 4th prize was awarded 10 A. Evans, Esq., Marston,
Oxon, for some very nice blooms. In this class the
exhibitor. Rev. J. H. Pemlerton, and Earnest Wilkins,
Esq., Sutton, also staged seme very meritorious blooms,
but were unrewarded. In the class for twelve Teas, or
Noisettes, distinct, single trusses, the ist prize was taken
by the Rev. A. K. Foster Helliard, Foslock Rectory,
Bury St. Edmunds, whose stand consisted of Souvenir
d'Elise, Devoniensis, Ma:6chal Niel, Madame Mar-
gottin, Madame Bravay, Souvenir d'um Ami, Marie Van
Houtte, Niphetos, Moire, Catherine Mermet, Innocente
Pirola, and Caroline Kuster. An equal ist prize was
awarded to the Rev. T. Page Roberts, Rectory, Scoli,
Norfolk, for a stand coniaining, amongst others, good
examples of La Boule d'C r, Marie Guillot, Anna Olivier,
Jean Ducher, Alba Rosea, Comtesse de Nadaillac,
Catherine Mermet, and Hippolyte Jamain. Miss W.
Taylor was 3d, and C. Mount, Esq., 4th. Julius
Sladden, Esq.. W. H. Wakeley. Esq., and the Rev.
John H. Pemberton contributed capital stands in this
class. For twelve distinct single trusses the ist prize was
awarded to the Rev. Alan Cheales, Brockham Vicarage,
Surrey. The choicest Towers in this lot consisted of
Marie Baumann, Baronne de Rothschild, Alfred Colomb,
Madame Lacharme, Eiienne Levet, Star of Waltham,
Fran9oiseMichelon, Per elopeMayo, and Charles Lefebvre,
Tlie 2d prize was taken by T. F. Burnaby Atkins, Esq.,
Halstead Place, Sevencaks, who had Le Havre, Camille
Bernardin, Ferdinand de Lesseps, Marie Rady, &c.
The 3d prize was awarded to J. Burton, Esq., for a
good lot, consisting, amongst others, of Paul Neron,,
Reynolds Hole, Pierre Netting, and a beautiful
Etienne Levet ; and the 4th pri^e to Alfred Tate,
Esq., Roseleigh, Woolton, who had good specimens
of Countess of Rosebery and Charles Lefebvre.
Jn this class Mrs. Lawson, Manor House, Luton, and
J. T. Strange, Esq., Aldermaston House, Reading, had
very good stands of fresh-looking blooms. For nine
distinct single trusses the ist prize was taken by E.
Mawley, Esq., Addiscombe, Croydon, with well-grown,
fresh blooms of Alfred Colomb, Etienne Levet, Star of
Waltham, Dr. Andry, Baronne de Rothschild. Fran-
9:)ise Michelon, Marie Baumann, A. K. Williams, and
La France ; and the 2d prize by the Rev. Cecil Fel-
lowes, Brighton Rectory. Acle, Norwich, who had good
blooms of Marie Louise Pernet, Abel Carriere, and
Marie Rady. J. Tranter, Esq., Upper Assenden, Henley,
was accorded the 3d prize ; and E. Home, Esq., Park
House, Reigate. the 4th. In the class for six distinct, single
trusses, F. Burnside, Esq. , Farningham, Kent, took the ist
prize wilh moderately good examples of Fisher Holmes,
La France, Catherine Mermet, Marechal Niel, Mons.
Noman, Jules Finger. The Rev. W. Wicks, Vicarage,
Croydon, was 2d, with fairly good specimens, including
Xavier Olibo, Mr. Laxton, Marquise de Castellane.
Miss Alice M. Lucas, Wratton Hitchin, was adjudged
the 3d prize, and the 4th prize was taken by Mr. John
E. Coleby, Rosenheim, Worple Road, Wimbledon.
For the competition for six Teas or Noisettes the ist
prize was awarded to F. Burnside, Esq., whose Cathe-
rine Mermet, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Madame Mar-
gottin, Souvenir de Paul N^ron, Jules Finger, and
Marechal Niel were very choice blooms, fresh and even
in size. E. M. Bethune, Esq., Denne Park, Horsham,
was the winner of the 2d prize. He had good blooms of
Jean Ducher and Souvenir de Paul Neron. The 3d
prize was awarded to E. Mawley, Esq , and the sfi\ to
E. Home, Esq., Reigate,
In the competition for the prizes in the extra
classes, open to amateurs, in that of baskets of Tea,
Hybrid Tea, or Noisette, the exhibits were rather
numerous, but the selection was not a matter of diffi-
culty, the gracefulness of the arrangements being very
decidedly visible in the winning baskets, although
good blooms were conspicuous in all of the lots. The
ist prize was taken by Mr. Harrowby, Headington
Quarry, Oxford ; this was a very prettily arranged basket
of really good flowers ; the 2d prize went to Miss A. T.
Pemberton for a basket of quite another style of setting
up, one variety only being used, viz., Caroline Kuster.
The 3d prize was taken by Thomas B. Hall, Esq., Larch
Wood, Rock Ferry, Cheshire.
July 7. i883-]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
27
In the class for suburban grown Roses, in the com-
petition for six distinct, single trusses, John E. Coleby,
the winner in this class in three consecutive years, was
again awarded the ist prize. The Countess of Leven
and Melville, Roehampton House, and Mr. ). Bate-
man, 72, Twisden Koad, N.W., were placed equal ad,
and the winner of the 4lh prize was E. M. Nelson,
Esq., Hanger Hill House, Ealing. In the class for
six distinct, single trusses open only to those who
have never won a prize at any exhibition of the
National Rose Society, the Rev. W. H. Jackson,
Stagsden Vicarage. Bedford, was awarded the ist
prize; W. E. Hall, Esq., High Betington, Bir-
kenhead, and Rev. Cecil Fellowes, were equal 2d ;
the 4th prize going to H. H. French, Esq., Sutton.
In the class for six single trusses of any Rose, some
really good things were staged, G. Hawtrey, Esq., Slough,
winning the ist prize with fine blooms of Marichal Niel ;
Charles E. Cuttel, Chapel Croft, West Humble, Dorking,
taking the 2d prize with a good lot of Madame Gabrielle
Luizet— the Rev. J. H. I'emberton securing the 3d
prize with" Marquise Castellane, and E. Home, Esq., the
4th prize with La France.
Open Classes.— The Gold Medal for the best three
trusses of any new Rose, or distinct sport, not yet in
commerce or announced, was won by Mr. Henry Bennett,
of Shepperton, with his seedling Pedigree Rose, Her
Majesty, of which he exhibited numerous other fine
samples besides the Gold Medal blooms, and a couple
of plants to show its freedom of growth, which though
only six months old, were straight stems over 8 feet high,
grown in 32-sized pots, with the aid of Clay's Fertiliser ;
and which unmistakably illustrated the value of that
plant stimulant. Her Majesty is in the style of Baroness
Rothschild, pale pink, but much superior to any other
variety of the same colour, and although deficient in scent,
must prove one of the grandest show Roses of the day.
The class for twelve new Roses, not in commerce
previous to 1880, was not a good one, bringing out no
blooms of striking merit. Messrs. Paul & Son took
the ist prize with Satiana Oregina, Merveille de I.yon,
Ulrich Brunner, Archduchess Elizabeth, Madame Cusin,
George Moreau, Mary Paul, Pride of VValtham,
Comtesse H. Coomber, Violette Bowyer, Etoilc de I.yon,
and Madame Isaac Perriere. Messrs. Curtis, Sandford
& Co., were 2d, and The Cranston Nursery Co., 3d.
For twelve single trusses of any yellow Rose, Mr. B. R.
Cant was ist, with Madame Caroline Kuster; Mr. Turner,
2d, with Madame Margottin ; The Cranston Nursery Co.
3d, with Marie Van Houtte ; and Messrs. Paul & Son
4th. with Perle des Jardins.
In a corresponding class for any white Rose, Messrs.
Paul & Son took the lead with Niphetos ; Messrs.
Mitchell & Son coming in 2d with Devoniensis ; and
Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co. 3d, with Duchesse de
Vallombrosa. P"or twelve single trusses of any crimson
Rose, Mr. J. Walters was awarded the ist prize for a box
of A. R. Williams, while a much better stand of the
same variety, shown by Mr. Prince, was for some unap-
parent reason unnoticed. The 2d prize went to a stand
of Duke of Edinburgh, shown by some one whose
exhibiting card was missing ; and the 3d to R. N. G.
Baker, Esq., Heavitree (a former amateur champion
grower, who seems to be resting on his laurels), with Duke
of WeUington.
In the " any Rose " competition — and a very good one
it was — Mr. H. Bennett came in ist, with Her Majesty,
in fine form ; Mr. B. R. Cant 2d, with a grand box of
Marie Cointet ; and Mr. G. W. Piper 3d, with Souvenir
d'Elise Vardon ; Messrs. Paul & Son with La France
being Highly Commended.
Mr. T. S. Ware staged a magnificient group of cut
herbaceous plants, that greatly pleased many of the
visitors, and which deserved a more extended notice
than the hmit on our space allows us to give this week.
Veget.ables, Etc. — The special prizes offered for
vegetables and fruits a this show by various tr,ade firms
brought capital competition. In the class for ten kinds
of vegetables, the prizes offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons,
Reading, including six collections, the ist place was
worthily taken by Mr. Haines, Coleshill Gardens, High-
worth, W'ith generally capital samples, including fine
Stratagem Peas, Early London Cauliflowers, All the Year
Round Cabbage, and Hicks' Hardy Cos Lettuces, hand-
some Early Nantes Carrots, good Woodstock Kidney
Potatos. Purple-top Turnips, Tender and True Cucum-
bers, and a moderate dish of Canadian Wonder Beans.
Mr. G. T. Miles, of Wycombe Abbey Gardens, ran a
close race for ist place with a capital collection, though
one or two dishes were a trifle weak. His Red Itahan
Tripoli Onions, Nantes Carrots, Lady Paget Potatos,
Telephone Peas, and Canadian Wonder Beans were
excellent. Mr. W. Meads, of Shrivenham Park Gardens,
was put 3d, with a collection of fair quality, including
good Superb White Cos and All the Year Round
Lettuces, Improved Telegraph Cucumbers, and Snowball
Turnips. Mr. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle Gardens,
came 4th, having a fine sample of Culverwell's Giant
Marrow Peas, Woodstock Kidney Potatos, &c.
There was a capital competition for Messrs. James
Carter & Co.'s prizes for the best dishes of their Peas —
Pride of the Market, Stratagem, Telephone, and Tele-
graph—thirteen lots being sent ; but one, very fine
samples too, having been foolishly labelled as " Fruit,
for Competition," was kept for the packing prizes, and
thus did not get into the competition. The finest lot of
pods, truly grand samples, came from Mr. Richardson,
Boston, all of even size and good colour. Mr. H. W.
Ward was 2d, with also superb samples. Mr. E. Beckett,
Sandown House Gardens, Esher, was a wonderfully close
3d : and Mr. H. Marriott, of Boston, came 4th, with
huge samples that, being spotted by the hail marks, were
put back a few points by the judges. Finally Mr. Miles
secured the 5tli place.
A dozen Melons were put in competition for the Messrs.
Sutton's valuable prizes for the best single fruit ; one
exhibitor, however, put up three of these, all remarkably
handsome in appearance, but totally devoid of flavour.
In this latter and most important quality the best fruit
was fount! in a green-flesh kind, named ChaUont
Favourite, a round and good netted fruit, shown by Mr.
C. Herrin, of The Gardens, Ch.alfont Park, Bucks ; Mr.
]. C. Mundell, Moor P.ark Gardens, coming 2d, with a
scarlet-flesli Best of All— a foolishly pretentious desig-
nation ; and tlie 3d prize fruit, also a scarlet-flesh, un-
named, came all the way from Ireland, being sent by
Mr. C. Tyler, Shelton Abbey, Arklow. Generally the
fruits were utterly wanting in flavour, and soft, melting
quality of flesh. Mr. G. T. Miles put up a really superb
lot ol Pines— six handsome selected fruits, weighing
30I lb., and six others oflthe weight ol 26J lb., or a total
of 56^ lb. of beautiful fruit.
Messrs. Carter & Co. sent a very interesting lot of
Cabbage Lettuces in flats, comprising such kinds as
Grand Admiral, very old, and one of the best ; Perpig-
nan, Victoria, Paris Market, &c., smooth-leaved kinds ;
and Californian Curled, American Gathering, Ne Plus
Ultra, and other curled sorts- all excellent fresh samples.
The same firm sent an interesting collection of early Peas,
sown on March 21, the plants pulled, and showing their
habits and average cropping qualities.
Richmond Horticultural.— Held in the Old Deer
Park, on the 28th ult., under fairly good weather in-
fluences, the ninth exhibition of this Society was remark-
ably strong in the plant classes, indeed the big tent,
always one of the finest of its kind in the kingdom, was
a grand show in itself, and there was a wondrous display
,of cut Roses and other flowers, so that the large company
which attended had plenty to see, although Royalty failed
to put in appearance on this occasion, and the Richmond
folks, who dearly love a prince, were so far disappointed.
In all other respects the show, admirably arr.inged by
Mr. Eyies, the honorary secretary, was a great success.
As usual, the trade groups were a noticeable feature.
That sent by Messrs. C. Lee & Sons is elsewhere
referred to, but the superb group of pot Roses, com-
prising some 120 plants, backed by Japanese Maples and
faced by the variegated Eurya latifolia, was of first-rate
order, and well worthy the eminent firm of Messrs Veitch
& Sons, from whom it came. Curiously contrasting
with the massive hybrid perpetuals was a number of
plants in bloom of the small white Rosa polyantha
Paquerette, a lovely little kind for bunching. Messrs.
Jackson & Sons, of Kingston, staged a fine group of
plants, in which Heaths were prominent, medium sized
plants, finely flowered ; many good Orchids, the charm-
ing Impatiens Sultani, so well done by this firm ; and
other good things in exceeding variety. This latter firm
had the best lot of stove and greenhouse plants, such old
friends as Ericas ventricosa, Bothwelliana, Denisoniana,
and ferruginea major ; Darwinia tulipifera, Cleroden-
dron Balfourianum, AUamanda cathartica, with tlie
very effective Franciscea calycina major, being fine and
superbly flowered. Mr. J. Child, gr. to W. |. Bell,
Esq., Garbrand Hall, Ewell, was 2d with some good
plants, specially fine being BougainviUea glabra and
Aphelexis macrantha purpurea. Fine-foliage plants
were well shown by Mr. Monro, gr. to Lady John
Chichester, Twickenham, who had a splendidly
coloured Dracaena Youngii, good Crotons majesticus
and Regina, with Palms, &c. ; and Mr. T. Gregory, gr.
to J. F. Weymouth, Esq., Teddington, who had in his
collection some grandly done Caladiums. Mr. Child
was a good ist, with a gigantic Kentia Forsythia, finely
coloured, as a specimen foliage plant ; and amongst those
shown Mr. Gregory had a splendidly leaved and coloured
Caladium Belleymei.
Ferns were largely shown, but at the best make a
monotonous class, that the brilliant bank of colour
obtained from the large flowered and fancy Pelargoniums
shown by Mr. Turner, of Slough, and Mr. Wiggins, gr.
to H. Little, Esq., greatly helped to enliven. These
plants have already been noticed, and it is enough to say
that Mr. Turner worthily won the honours.
Rarely has there been put up at Richmond or else-
where nine finer or better flowered pyramid Fuchsias
than were staged by Mr. j. Bond, gr. to Mrs. Evans,
New Hampton, whose examples of Mrs. Marshall, Lord
Beaconsfield, Gazelle, Wave ol Life, Marginata, and
Rose of Castile, with others, were worthy ol all praise.
This same exhibitor was ist with six capitally grown and
flowered zonal Pelargoniums — plants about 30 inches
through, and loaded with bloom ; these comprised
Madame Crousse, single and double : M. Gelem
Lomage, scarlet ; Lucie Lemoine, flesh ; Madame Raoul
Guerin, rosy-pink ; M<adame Machctte, pink ; and
Madame AmiJ'lie Baltct, white.
Orchids were shown ingreat force, and the first six
plants, shown by Mr. ]. Child, were worthy a place in
any exhibition ; these included huge pieces of Aerides
Lobbi and odorata major, Vanda suavis, and a grand
Cypripedium Stonei. Mr. H. James, of Castle Nursery,
Norwood, was a good 2d, with Cattleya Mossias, C.
Mendeli, and C. gigas ; a Masdevalha Harryana carrying
over thirty spathes. and other good plants. Mr. Wig-
gins'group included the lovely white Dendrobium Dearei,
to which a Special Certificate also was awarded ; and
Messrs. Jackson & Son had with their collection a huge
Cypripedium barbatum grandiflorum, and a beautiful
piece of Odontoglossum vexillarium.
The decorative groups are always a prominent
feature at this show, and in this case the ist place
was well taken by Mr. Bruckhaus, manager to
Messrs. Hooper & Co., Twickenham, whose arrange-
ment, though massive, was very effective. Mr. H.
James owed his position in the 2d place to the varied
assortment of Orchids in his group, though too much
overshadowed by a big Palm ; but the prettiest base
arrangement, without doubt, was that of Mr. W. Brown,
of Richmond, in which Gloxinias, too, of first-class
quality and set in a carpet of Selagin'-llas and Maiden-
hair Ferns, told witli charming etfect. Messrs. Frontow
& Sons, Furnham (ireen, came 4tli with a neat group.
Begonias we have seen in much better form, but Achi-
menes in large pans were shown in fine character by
Mr. J. Sallows, gr. to J. J. Flack, Esq., Twickenham,
and Mr. E. Beckett, gr. to \. P. Currie, Esq., Esher.
Mr. Attrell, gr. to Sir C. J. Freake, Ham, had six
remarkable Hydrangeas in small pots, the stems carrying
heads about 13 inches in diameter.
Roses were the chief feature of the cut flower classes, and
in the thirty-six trebles Mr. Turner was ist, and Messrs.
Paul & Sons 2d, their position being reversed with twenty-
four kinds. Remembering the great Rose symposium,
reported elsewhere, it is not worth while to fill this report
with the names of those shown in this case. Messrs. Veitch
& Sons, and Messrs. C. Lee & Son, and Mr. Rumsey,
of Waltham Cross, put up large collections ; and Mr. H.
Bennett, of Shepperton, had boxes of his superb Earl
of Pembroke, the lovely Heinrich Schultheis, Lady
Mary Fitzwilliam, and the rosy-flesh Mrs. G. Dickson.
Messrs. Hooper & Co. had the best twelve bunches of
flowers, the chief portion being hardy but admirably set
up. This firm also showed a capital collection ol hardy
flowers, inclusive of Pinks, Piconies, Pyrelhrums, and
many other things.
Table decorations were hardly so good as usual, but
the three stands dressed with fruit and flowers by Mr.
Chard, of Clapham, were very pleasing. Mr. Hudson,
gr. to H. J. Atkinson, Esq., Gunnersbury House, had
the best collection of fruit, including some superbly
coloured Lord Napier Nectarines ; and he also was an
easy ist in black Grapes with splendid Madresfield
Court. In the vegetable .class Mr. E. Beckett was ist
for twelve kinds with a really first-class lot. Many
capital exhibits are of necessity left unnoticed.
I
\\t biailg.
The Right of Property in a Roving
Swarm of Bees. — As your article on a right to a
disputed swarm of bees is one of such general interest,
I trust I may be excused writing to you on it.
In the first place I think that the question before the
magistrates was one of right, that is, the ownership
of the swarm ; and that, therefore, there was no case
for them to adjudicate on. On the face of the case,
as detailed by you, there was no pretext for an accu-
sation of larceny ; in the next place, since the intro-
duction of Ligurian and other foreign bees, a further
question might be raised as to whether bees are now
ferct nalum. A high authority on bees states that it is
almost impossible to find a hive of pure black English
bees, and it would be a case of very great nicety to
say whether bees are not now so cultivated as to be
taken out of the class of wild animals — fenr naliim—
and transferred to the class which is generally seen
tame, and called dojniUs natura:. As it may interest
your readers I extract in cxicnso the remarks in
Stephen's Commcutarics (Blackstone), and which I
apprehend apply to the English black bee : —
" A qualified property may exist in animals ferce
naturtB . . . and here I may remark that bees also are
fercB natures, but when hived and reclaimed a man may
have a quaUfied property in them by the law of Nature
as well as by the civil law ; and to the same purpose, not
to say in the same words with the civil law, speaks
Bracton.
" Occupation— that is, hiving or including them —
gives the property in bees ; for, though a swarm lights
on my trees, I have no more property in them till I have
hived them than 1 have in the birds which make their
nests thereon, and therefore, if another hives them, he
shall be their proprietor ; but a swarm which fly from and
out of my hive are mine as long as I can keep them in
sight, and have power to pursue them, and in these cir-
cumstances no one else is entitled to take them. (See
Hannam versus Mockett, 2 Baines & Cresswell, 914.)
But it hath been also said that with us the only
ownership in bees is de ratione soli, and the Charta
de Foresta (9 Henry III,, c. 13), which allows
every freeman to be entided to the honey found in his
own woods, affords great countenance to this doctrine,
that a qualified property may be had in bees in considera-
tion of the property of the soil whereon they are found."
I think that the custom of beating pans, &c., has
originated in the desire to prove that a swarm is still
held in sight by the owner of the hive from which it
issued, and he took this means of warning his neigh-
bours and maintaining his rights. I would also say
that it is probable that the owner of any land entered
might recover the value of any actual damage done in
housing a swarm. D., Riding Mill on Tyne, July.
28
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
fJULY 7, 1883.
STATE OF THE WEATHER AT SLACKHEATH, LONDON
Foe THE Week ending Wednesday, July 4, 18I
<
Q
Q
Barometer.
Temperature of
THE AtR.
Hygrome-
trical De-
ductions
from
Glaisher's
Tables 6th
Edition.
Wind.
J
■<
0
be
|2.
OS Six,
1
5
i
i2
s
S'o
0
<
z
<
June
28
29
3a
July
I
2
3
4
In.
29.80
39.83
29.85
2992
29 S6
29.71
29.68
In.
— 0.02
+ 0.01
+0.03
+0.1 1
+0.04
— O.IO
—0.14
70.0
84.0
80.0
77.8
85.0
75.5
76.0
56°.S
S6.o
58.0
53. S
56.0
62.0
SS.o
.
13 -s
28.0
23.0
24.3
sg.o
13.5
21.0
6l.2
68.5
66.8
64.4
70.3
67.0
6z.o
— 0.1
-1- 7.2
+ 5.6
+ 3.2
+ 9.2
+ S-8
H-0.7
58.4
57.8
58.0
S3. 1
53 3
59.8
54-8
9..
69
75
66{
54i
:i
S.W. :
S.S.W.
S.W. :
S.S.W.
S.
S.W. :
S.S.W.
S.E.
S :
S.S.W.
S. :
S.S.W.
In.
O.OI
0.0a
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
Mean
29,81
— 0.01
78.3
56.7
ai.6;6s,8 H- 4.s'56.s' 73
S.W.
0.36
June 28. — Fine day. occasional sunshine, slight rain at times.
Fine clear night.
— 29. — Very fine hot day and night, lightning from lol'.M.
— 30. — Thunderstorm in early morning. Fine and bright
generally. Fine clear night. Thunder at 2.55 P.M.
July I. — Fine clear day and night.
— 2. — Fine bright hot day and night. Lightning at night.
— 3. — Thunderstorm early morning. Fine bright hot day.
Dark sky at night with lightning.
— 4- — Dull morning, fine and bright from 11 A.M. Fine
clear night.
London : Attnospheric Pressjire, — During the week
ending June 30 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 30.02 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29.77 inches by 9 A.M. on
the 26th, increased to 29.94 inches by 9 a.m. on the
27th, decreased to 29.87 inches by midnight on the
same day, increased to 30.0S inches by 9 a.m. on the
29th, decreased to 29.97 inches by midnight on the
29th, and was 30.09 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.93 inches, being 0.02 inch lower than last
week, and 0.07 inch lower than the average of the
week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 84°, on the 29lh ; on the 26lh
the highest was 62°.2. The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 73°.
The lowest temperature in the shade in the week
was 50°, on the 27th ; on the 24th the lowest was
58". 5. The mean of the seven low night temperatures
was 55°.4.
The greatest range of temperatures was 28°, on the
29th ; the smallest was 9°. 7, on the 26th. The mean
of the seven daily ranges was I7°.6.
The mean temperatures were — on the 24th, 64°.3 ;
on the 2Sth, 62°. 5 ; on the 26th, 54°. 5 ; on the 27th,
56°. I ; on the 28lh, (s\°.2 ; on the 29th, 68°.5 ; and
on the 30th, ee'.S ; of these the 24th, 25th, 29th and
30th were above their averages by 3°.5, I°.4, 7°.2,
and 5°. 6 respectively ; the rest were below by 6°. 7,
5*. 2, and 0°. I respectively.
The mean temperature was 62°, being 6° higher
than last week, and o°.8 above the average of the
week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 145°, on the 29th. The mean of the seven
readings was I32°.5.
The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
placed on grass, and fully exposed to the sky, was
43". 2, on the 27th. The mean of the seven low
night temperatures was 49°,
Rain. — Rain fell on si.x days, to the amount of
o°.88 inch.
England : Temperature. — During the week ending
June 30 the highest temperatures were 87°. 7 at Not-
tingham, 85°.7 at Cambridge, and 84° at Blackheath ;
the highest, at Plymouth, was 67°. 7, at Truro 68°,
and at Bristol, 73*.S. The general mean was 76°.9.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 42^.7,
at Wolverhampton, 45° at Nottingham, and 46°. i nt
Bolton ; the lowest temperature at Brighton was 52°,
at Plymouth 51°.$, and at Liverpool 50°.3. The
general mean was 48^.3.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 42°. 7 at Nottingham, 38°. 9 at Cambridge, and
34° at Blackheath ; the least ranges were l6''.2 at
Plymouth, 18° at Truro, and 24°.6 at Bristol and
Liverpool. The general mean was 28°.6.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 76°.4, at Nottingham 7S°.9,
and at Leicester 73°. 4 j and was lowest at Plymouth,
6i°.9, at Truro 65°. i, and at Liverpool 66°. 3. The
general mean was 69°. 7.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Leicester, 56°. 6, at Leeds 56°. 3, and at
Brighton S5°.5 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton
and Bolton, 52°, and at Nottingham 53°. I. The
general mean was 54°. 4.
The mean daily range was greatest at Nottingham,
22°.S, at Cambridge 22', and at Blackheath, I7°.6;
and was least at Plymouth, 7°. 2, at Truro II°.8, and
at Liverpool Il'.g. The general mean was I5°.3.
The mean temperature was highest at Cambridge,
63°.6, at Leicester 63°. 2, and at Nottingham 62°.? ;
and was lowest at Plymouth, 56°.5, at Truro 57°. 3,
and at Bolton 57*'6' The general mean was 6o°.2.
Rain. — The largest falls were 2.96 inches at Bolton,
and 2.58 inches at Bradford and Leeds ; the smallest
falls were 0.40 inch at Brighton, 0.88 inch at Black-
heath, and 1. 15 inch at Truro and Bristol. The
general mean fall was 1.74 inch.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing June 30 the highest temperature was 72°, at
Glasgow and Dundee ; at Edinburgh the highest
temperature was 66°.6. The general mean was 69°.9.
The lowest temperature in the week was 48°, at
Dundee and Paisley ; at Aberdeen the lowest tem-.
perature was 50°. 6. The general mean was 48°.
The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
S8°.4 ; and lowest at Edinburgh and Greenock, 56°.8.
The general mean was 57°.9.
Rain. — Thelargest fall was 3.o8inches, at Greenock ;
and the smallest was 0.63 inch at Aberdeen. The
general mean fall was 1.78 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
He that questioieth much sJiall learn 7«;«-/f.— Bacon.
Palumbina CANDIDA.— The Editor would feel obliged
if any correspondent would kindly forward him a flower
or two of this plant for examination.
Answers to Correspondents.
Asi'HALTiNG Walks : y. M. Theasphalte, if put down
hot, and when the paths are perfectly dry, and if
possible in warm weather, should stand quite well. See
that the edges are made so that water cannot lodge
underneath, or the frost will force it up, wherever it is
found within a short distance of the surface. The
cement will add to the cost ; fine gravel and coarse
sand mixed when dry with the asphalte in the boiler
will give all necessary roughness and colour to the
surface. The proportions of the former to asphalte
can be easily found by mixing a small quantity,
spreading it, and testing when cool. — The plants are,
I, the cut-leaved Alder ; 2. Calcycanthus occidcntalis,
so far as we can tell from the leaves only.
Books : G. G. Mr. B. S. Williams" Choice Stove and
Greenhouse Pla?!is.— A Constant Reader : Thompson's
Gardeners' Assista?tt not Gardeners' Dictionary ; 2,
Johnson's Gardeners' Dictioriary (Bell & Sons).
Cucumbers : Red Spider. Your plants are no doubt
suffering from the well-known Cucumber disease, for
which no remedy that can be depended upon is at
present known. Your only plan is to stamp it out by
burning the plants, and to start again with a complete
change of seed, soil, and manure.
Erratum. — At p. 816 of our last number, col. b, for
" Euphorbia jacquiniflora," read " E. splendens."
Excrescences on Maple Leaves : D, P. The ex-
crescences on different species of Acer are very com-
mon. They are recorded in Kaltenbach's PJianzen
Feinde, under the name of Volvulifex Aceris, vol. i.,
p. 92. They are very beautiful when produced on
Acer Leopoldi, M. J. B.
Grapes: T. W'. The berries show the effects of
scalding, which is very prevalent this season. The
very bright sunshine has caught them while they have
had moisture upon them, the drops of water acting as
lenses.
Lime Leaves : D. P. The tubercles on Lime leaves
are produced by a four-legged mite, which is figured
in Ann. d. Sc. Natnrelle, ser. 2, vol. ii., tab. xi., A.
M. J.B.
Names of Plants ; 7. S. C. Lilium urabellatum. —
Thatch House. 2, Potamogeton densus ; 3, P. cris-
pus ; 4, Callitriche aquatica ; 5, we cannot undertake
to name such things, which are of no horticultural
interest. The slug you inquire about is Testacella
Mangei. — F. F. i, Festuca elatior ; 2, Bromus asper ;
3, Avena elatior (smut, not ergot). — T. H. E. i,
Lonicera japonica var. aureo-reticulata ; 2, Trades-
cantia zebrina ; 3, a Davallia, which we cannot name
as it is not in fruit. — W. B. R. Zephyranthes cari-
nata. — //. A/len. A .species of Dodder (Cuscuta),
which we cannot determine without flowers. — Sir A . J.
Aerides odoratum, and Epidendrum phoeniceum ? —
Alpha. I, Cyperus — specimen insufficient ; 2, Olearia
Haastii ; 3, Cistus ladaniferus ; 4, send again when in
flower ; 5 , Nephrodium filix-mas, crested form ; 6,
Hemerocallis fulva. — A. O. Walker, i, Psoralea
esculenta. — 'Jok7t Grigor b' Co. Gladiolus ramosus
var., and Aster alpinus. We do not recognise the
Sweet Pea.— r. Smith, The Bee Orchis, Ophrys
apifera.— 7. C. fir* Co. Aerides afftne, we think.
Oleander and Cryptomeria : E. T. R. Cut off
the shabby-looking shoots of the Oleander by all
means, but you should not cut off the top of the
Cryptomeria till next spring.
Roses : A Rose Grower. The leaves are being con-
verted into a skeleton network by the larvse of a saw-
fly (Athalia rosse). We can only advise you to search
for the grubs and kill them ; the lime-water will do no
good.
Vines and Roses : J. D. ^ S. Only the man who
had charge of the house can say on which the mildew ■
appeared first. Under the same treatment as the
Vines the Roses would be the most likely to have the
mildew first, being the most susceptible to it. The
management must have been greatly at fault in the
matter of ventilation to have brought about such a
bad case.
Wood Violets : C. H. If you mean Viola odorata,
the answer, of course, is Yes. If you mean Viola
canina, or V. hirta, then No.
*,* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "'Editor," and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staJff personally. The Editor
would Also be obliged by such communications being
written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.
Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT
to the Editor,
^^ Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Ofiice Orders
are requested to send them to the Publisher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make thera payable to William Richards, at the post-
office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.
Communications Received.— J. G. E. — A. R. — J. B.— R. Pf.
— R. A R.— A. O.— C. E. F.— J. B. M.— B. S. W.— A. H.—
H. E. W.— T. D.— N. E. Br.— T. K. & Co.— T. S.— T. B.—
H. L. C— H. K.— A.— E. W. P.— J. T. R.— L. L.—
Damaon & Co.
COVENT GARDEN, Jtily 5.
[The subjoined reports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.]
We are now getting good supplies of most classes of
outdoor fruit, such as Strawberries, Cherries, and Rasp-
berries ; a few Currants have also made their appearance.
Trade for hothouse goods falling off, and prices are
generally easier. The past week has seen the heaviest
supply of Strawberries that has ever reached our Market
from the counties — Hampshire, Kent, Essex, and Mid-
dlesex contributing at the same time. James Webber,
Wholesale Apple Market.
Fruit. — Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d. \ s. d. s. d.
Apples, J^-sieve . . 26-60.' Gooseberries, J^-siv. 26-33
Cherries, j4-sieve .. 6 0-20 o ! Lemons, per ca&e ..15 o-2o2o
Currants, Black, %.- \ Melons, each . . 30-70
sieve .J . . 8 o- 9 o Peaches, per doz. .. 6 o 12 o
— Red, 52-iieve .. 40-46 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-40
Figs, per dozen ..20-30, — St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o
Grapes, per lb. ..10-36 Strawberries, per lb, 03-00
Vegetables — Average Retail Prices.
Globe,
s. d. s. d.
30-40
30-..
'26-..
36-80
■ 3 6
10-..
10-..
10-..
I O- 2 O
10-..
per
Horse Radish,
bundle .. ..40-
Lettuces, Cabbage,
0-20
6-40
06-..
10-20
40-..
Artichokes,
per doz,
— Jerusalem, bush.
Asparagus (Sprue),
per bundle
— English, bund..,
— French, bund... 2 o-
Beans, Fr. grown, lb.
— Jersey, per lb. . ,
Beet, per doz.
Cabbages, per doz. . .
Carrots, new, p. bun.
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen . . 3 o-* 6 o
Celery, per bundle ..16-..
Cucumbers, each ..06-10
Endive, Frencn, per
dozen . . ..20-..
Garlic, per lb. .. 10- ..
Herbs, per bunch , . 02-04
Potatos.— Jersey Kidneys, gj. to loi. ; Rounds, &r. to loj.
French do,, 8^,, per cwt.
per dozen . .
— Cos, per dozen..
Mint, green, bunch. .
Mushrooms, p. baskt.
Onions, per bushel..
— Spring, per bua 06-..
Parsley, per bunch . . 04- . .
Peas, English, quart i c- . .
Radishes, per doz. .. i 6- . .
Rhubarb, per bundl. 06-..
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 40-..
Sweet Potatos, lb. . . 06- . .
Tomatos, per lb. ..10-..
Turnips, new, bun. 09-..
Vegt Mai rows, each 06-09
July 7, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
29
Plants in Pots.— Avhragk Wholesale Pricbs.
J.
Aralia Sieboldii, per
duzen .. ,, t2
Arbor-vitse (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6
— (common), dozen 6
Begonias, per doz. .. 6
Bouvardia, doz. . .13
Calceolarias, dozen... 4
Dracxna term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz, . . 12
Erica, .various, doz. 12
Euonymus, various,
per dozen . . . . 9
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . 4
Ficus elastica, each i
d.s.
i.
0-24
0
0-18
0
0-12
0
0-12
0
0-18
0
0- 9
0-60
0
0
0-24
0-36
0
0
0-18
0
0-24
0
0-18
6-7
0
0
s. d. r. d.
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each . . . . 2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 6 o-iz 6
Hydrangea, per, doz. 9 0-24 o
Lilium longiflorum,
per dozen.. .. 18 0-42 o
Liliums, various, per
dozen . . . .12 0-30 o
Lobelias, per dozen 30-60
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..X2 0-24 o
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in variety,each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . 26-90
— decorative, doz. 6 0-18 o
Spiraa, per dozen ..8 0-18 o
Cut Flowkrs. — -
Abutilon. i» bunches 2
Arum Lilies, per doz, 3
Bouvardias, per bun. i
Canterbury Bell, bun. i
Carnations, 12 bun. 3
Cornflower, 11 bun . . i
Delphinium, p. bun. o
Eucharis, per doz. . . 4
Eschscholtzia, 12 bn, -2
Gardenias, 13 blms.. i
Heliotropes, i2sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, I3
blooms . . . . 3
— red, \i blooms.. 1
Lilac (French), bun. 4
Marguerites, 12 bun. 6
Mignonette, 12 bun. 6
■AvKRAGK Wholesale Prices.
d. s. d. J.
0-40 Myosotis, or Forget-
0-60 me-notj p. 12 bun. 2
0-16 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. o
0-20 — zonal, 12 sprays 3
0-60 Pinks, 12 bunches . . 2
6-40 Primula, double, bun, i
6-10 Pyrethrum, 12 bun.. 3
0-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 2
0-40 — (outdoor),i2bun. 4
6-40 — coloured, doz. , , 3
6-10 Spiraea, 12 bunches. . 6
Stephanotis, 12 spr, i
0-60 Stocks, 12 bunches.. 4
0-30 Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 3
6-70 Sweet Saltan, 12 bun. 4
0-90 TropEeolum, 12 bun. 1
0-90 White Jasmine, bun. i
0-60
9- I o
0-60
0-60
0-16
0-60
0-60
0- 9 o
c- 8 o
0-12 o
6-30
0-90
0-60
0-90
0-20
0-16
SEEDS.
London ; July 4.— Messrs, John Shaw & Sons, of
37, Mark Lane, report that the attendance of buyers on
to-day's market was most meagre, and the amount of
business doing altogether insignificant. New French
Trifolium, although offered at low rates, fails at present
to meet with any attention. For sowing Mustard and
Rape seed there is a small sale. The bird-seed trade
continues exceedingly quiet. Ot blue Peas the available
supplies are getting into narrow compass.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday trade in Wheat was nearly
at a standstill. Prices would have been lower to effect
sales, but there was no current business to fix quotations,
which were nominal and uncertain. Flour was equally
dull and undecided in value. Barley was a slow sale
without change in prices. Egyptian Beans were rather
firmer, on account of possible interruption of supplies.
Oats met a quiet sale, but finished rather firmer for
Swedish. Maize was rather lower. — On Wednesday the
Wheat trade continued stagnant, and the tendency weak.
Flour was dull, and Barley, with moderate receipts,
remained steady. Beans and Peas were firm. Maize
proved weak, on the enlarged shipments from America.
Oats were quiet but firm. — Average prices of corn for
the week ending ]uoe 30 :— Wheat, 42J. ^d. ; Barley,
agj, Zd. ; Oats, 23J. 5^/. For the corresponding period
last year :— Wheat, 46^. x\d. ; Barley, 25J. \od. ; Oats,
23J. \id.
CATTLE.
At Copenhagen Fields on Monday, although sales
were slow, and prices in the carcase trade lower, prime
cattle sold rather dearer than last reported, and sheep at
full current value, lambs and calves bringing steady
prices. Quotations :— Beasts. 41. 40?. to 5J. 6;/., and
55. 8rf. to 6j. ; calves, ^s. to 6j. ^d. ; sheep, S^. s,d. to
5J. i0(/., and 6j. to 6j. ^d. ; lambs, 75. 40'. to Zs. ^d. —
Thursday's cattle trade, though quiet, was fairly steady
for both beasts and sheep. Lambs met a brisk sale, and
calves and pigs were quiet.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that trade
was quiet ; supplies moderate, and prices as follows : —
Prime Clover, 1055. to ii8j. ; inferior, 6or. t0 70i. ; prime
meadow hay, 70J. to 88j^. ; inferior, 40.1. to 50J. ; and
straw, 30kr. to 40J. per load. — On Thursday there was a
very short supply, and trade was rather quiet at prices
dearer for best Clover. — Cumberland Market quota-
tions : — Superior old meadow hay, 86j, to 985, ; inferior,
70J, 10761, ; new, 65^^. to 8or. ; superior old Clover, iioj.
10 120J, ; inferior, 75J. to 92J. ; new. 705, to 95^. ; and
Straw, 405. to 43 r, per load.
POTATOS,
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state that
the supplies have been moderate, and the demand steady,
at the following quotations :— Lisbon, 14^, to 15T. ;
Malta, 15J. to i6j. ; Jersey kidney, 20J. to 22J. ; ditto
round, i8j. per cwt.— The imports into London last week
were : — mo packages from Valencia, 3310 Lisbon, 6523
Jersey, 2206 packages Guernsey, 6372 packages 147 bags
and 208 cisks Malta, 108 baskets Rotterdam, 962 St.
Nazaire, 470 boxes 4200 cases Cherbourg, 435 Bordeaux,
604 bags Hamburgh, 461 boxes Barfleur, and 327 casks
from St. Malo.
Govemmeiit Stock, — Consols closed on Monday
at 100^ to 100.^ for delivery, and ioo| to ioo| for the
account. Tuesday's figures were looj to looj for
delivery, and 100^*8 to ioo| for the account. Wed-
nesday's closing figures were as on the two preceding
days for delivery, and loOj'g to iooi*a for the account.
Thursday's final quotations showed a fa'l of ,"5 for both
delivery and account.
SILVER SAND
DIRECT FROM PITS.
For lowest price, write
HENBT •WILKEBSON,
LEIGHTON BUZZARD.
ARNOLD'S
ORIGINAL AND CELEBRATED
SILVER SAND.
SILVER SAND PROPEIETOKS AND MERCHANTS.
PITS— Leighton Buzzard, Beds.
Postal and only Addiess :—
i^ J., J., & G. ARNOLD,
i28, Clarendon Sq., London, N.W.
Trade Supplied and Liberal Discount Allowed.
Write for Lowest Prices as above.
ETTING for Fruit Trees, Seed Beds,
Ripe Slrawberries, &c.— TANNED NETTING (or
protecting the above from Frost, Blight, Birds, &c., 2 yards
wide, arf. per yard, or loo yards, i6s. ; 4 yards wide, \d. per
yard, or 50 yards, lis. NEW TANNED NETTING, suited
for any of the above purposes or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards
wide, 6(f. per yard ; 4 yards wide, \s. per yard ; ^-inch mesh,
4 yards wide, \s. 6d. per yard. TIFFAl^JY, is. and 65. per
piece of 20 yards. — EATON AND DELLER, 6 and 7, Crooked
Lane, London Bridge, E.G.
ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.- All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Neitiog and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-clolbs, Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS. 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.
ICK CLOTHS, GARDEN NETTING,
&C.-EICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS, SACKS, and
every requisite for Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post-
ftee. Can be obtained of HENRY VAN AND CO., 17, Tooley
Street, London, S.E.. who also supply GARDEN NETTING,
2 yards wide, i%d. ; and 4 yaxds wide, ^d. per yard.
SCRIM CANVAS, I yard wide. ^d. : I'A yard, t'/id. i^od
2 yards, 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in pieces
of 20 yards each, at 3s. 6d. per piece.
TIFFANY and SHADING for Protection
for Flowers and Fruit. — A special manufacture in 36. 38,
40. 45. 54. 60, and 72 inches wide, and NETl'ING at whole-
sale prices, in all ordinary widths. Sample and particulars on
application to
j. BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street,
London. E.C.
For CoxLBervatories and GreeaHousea.
THE NEW CANVAS SHADING, sold by
BENJAMIN EDGINGTON, will defy the action of
all weather. Protect your Fruit Trees. Tanned Nelting.
Protect your Children from the Sun. By Her Majesty's Royal
Letters Patent. A new Summer-house, 9 feet 9 inches in
diameter, 9 feet high, can be erected or taken down and placed
in any position in five minutes. Price £2- This new contriv-
ance can be seen erected at
BENJAMIN EDGINGTON'S, 2. Duke Street, London
Bridge, E.C.
Raffia- Mats -Netting.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER have a very
large stock of the above, and can offer them on lower
terms than any house in the Trade.
g, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
TANNED NETTING.— 2 yards wide, i^d.
per yard; 4 yards wide, ^d. per yard; 2 yards wide,
loi, per 100 yards ; 4 yards wide, 20i. per 100 yards.
NEW TWINE NETTING, i-inch mesh, i yard wide, 2</. ;
2 yards wide, ^d, ; 4 yards wide, Sd. per yard.
W. CULLINGFORD. Forest Gate. E.
UNDER SPECIAL ROYAI* PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sbeep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£2 i6s. 6d., sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON,
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
R. HALLIDAY & CO.,
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, ^each Houses, Forcing Houses. &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the verv best.
Conservatories and Winter Gardens desired architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the large7.t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.
Plans, Esthnaies and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom-.
Our Maxim is and always has been —
MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.
LAWN MOWERS.
Shanki', Green's fc-xcetsior.
Invincible.
15 per Cent for Cash cff MAKERS'
PRICES. Carriage Paid.
STRONG WO D BARROW, i\s.(d.
Ditto, with loose top .. .. 3^1. fi^/.
ROLT ERS.
Single Cylinder,
i6-in.,32i.; ao-in. ,45^. j
i8-m..35,i.; 22-in.. 52^.
Double Cylinder,
i8-in., 52J.: 22-in., 701.
2c-in. , 6ar. s^-in., Zqs.
AWNlNGSEAT.fifr.lnng,
as engraving, puce ^4.
The SUBURBAN SEAT,
5 ft. long, 17J. ; 6 ft., 191.
Garden seats in great variety
Garden Chairs & Awnings.
Garden Arches and Vases.
The "Gentleman's" Barrow.
30 !n. by 95 in., m.itie of Galvanised Iron
wuh Tubular Fianie. Very liglit and
itrong. Price, i6j. 6(/.
Greenhouses, Wirework.lGarden Tools, &c.
THE LOUGHBOROUGH
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.
CompIete,withi2ft.of4-in.pipe,.£4 4r. Orders over ^2 sent Free to any Station.
Requiresnobricktetting.nostokehole ^ Discount for Cash,
and no Hot-water Fitterforfixing,and
burnsover iihours withoutattenlion. Illustrated GARDEN CATALOGUE free.
WATER BARROW.
15 gall., 30;.; 20 gall., 36^
DEANE & CO., 46, King William Street, LONDON BRIDGE, E.C.
30
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 7, 1883.
TEN AMI'S FIXTURE GREENHOUSES,
made in lights and easily
erected, lower part
framed and panelled ;
painted two colours.
Improved Ventilating
Gearing for houses over
12 feet long. Glazed
with 2I-0Z. Glass, and ,
Painted 3 coats of good
SpKtaen size, 12 fe=l by '• et, {.^i 3J. 6i For brickwork, (,-,0.
LEAN-TO HOUSES
for building against existing
walls, similar to above, 15ft.
by 10 feet, £,2.^, or for brick-
work, £i\q. Portable Cu-
cumber Frames, painted 3
HiiH iTs\^^S\\>S'^^^^^'^T' coats, glazed 2i-oz. glass.
■ma iV^__yi— : 1— -I _ '\ 2-light Frame, 6 feet by
S feel, ^3 A,s. 6d. Cases 4^.,
allowed when returned.
All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station.
Illusi7ated Catalogue free 011 appHcaiion.
C. FRAZEB, Horticultural Builder, Palace Plain, Norwich.
T^n.
<€L^SSHeFS-ES8c»EATlNG:
wmm-pemmm^
xHrCHCATE ROAD , LONDON. N.Wfv<
IRONFENCINC,GATES,&.
Catalogues free on application ^ ^
BAYLlSS,JONES&BAYLISS
WOLVERHAMPTON
London 0FFiCES,3,CROOKtDL«NeKiNGWiLLiAMST,fc
KEGISTKRED TUBULAR FLOWER
STAKES, 2 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINERS,
6 feet by 4 feet. =I. 6rf. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 (eet
long, 6at.;TRELLISING, from =J<i square foot. HURDLE?,
from 31. ARCHES, from loi. POT STANDS, from 6j.
HANGING BASKETS from 6d. GATES, FENCINCf
NETTING, &c. Illustrated LISTS on application.
BR00KES&C0.,4.CateatonStreet, Manchester.— Estab. 1769,
AMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 leet. The largest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN. Dutton Street, Liverpool.
Under tHe Patronage of the Queen.
JSM ITH'S IMPERISHABLE
• STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raishd
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners* Magazhte says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon.
SIDNEY WILLIAMS' superior Octagonal
Teak ORCHID BASKETS, with Galvanised or Copper
Wire, from 6s. per dozen upwards. Send for new illustrated
Price LIST to 23, Farringdon Road, London. E.C.
ELECTRIC THERMOMETERS,
for CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, &c-
This Apparatus is most reliable for noting a rapid rise or
fall of temperature from any cause, and giving timely notice of
it by Bell to Gardener's house or elsewhere.
Houses fitted with ELECTRIC BELLS. BURGLAR
ALARMS, LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS. &c.
Prices on application. Cat.nIogue three stamps.
FRANCIS AND CO., Eagle Telegraph Works, Hatton
Garden, E C.
CHRISTY'S BOXES.
FLOWER BOXES, s Shallow Tin Boxes, 12 in. by 8 in. en-
closed in strong wooden cases, 6s. 6rf. ; in cheaper cases, as. 6d.
GRAPE _ BOXES, 4^., with 8 divisions each, 10 in. by 4 in.
by 4 in.
PEACH BOXES, lod., is., and upwards. Each Peach in
separate division. EGG BOXES from id. each,
INCUBATORS, REARERS, POULTRY HOUSES, &c.
THOS. CHRISTY & CO., 155. Fencliurcli Street, E.C.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
The Beat
and Quickest
Made.
4-in, Expansion Jomt Hot water Pipes gfeet long, 4J. -^d. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4^. 6i?. each.
Price List on applicatio
HOSE.
PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.
Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus prov-
ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary
Indiajrubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.
A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red-
Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever.''
Private Customers Supplied at 'J'rade Prices.
Sample and Price of
MERRYWEATH ER & SONS,
63, Long Acre, W.C. ; and Greenwich Road, London, S.E.
W. CLARK'S PATENT GRASS
HEDGE CUTTER.
AND
The Rollers can
be taken
minute, when the
Machine becoinei
a Hedge and
Shrub Cutter.
This useful Machine is used for Lawns, Banks, Grass
Edgings, round Flower Beds, and places where the Lawn
Mower cannot reach. It is not intended to supersede the Lawn
Mower, but to supplement its use, and from the many and
varied uses to which it can be applied, will be found one of the
most economical inventions ever ofiFered to the public
PRICES.
8 inches .. 16s. I 12 inches .. 20a.
Wholesale— 528, Oxford Street, London, W.
PATENT
EXCELSIOR.
Factory, Newburgh, N.Y.
THe CHAMPION LAWN
MOWER of this Season
Highly recommended by
the Field of April 14, 1883,
p. 477-
Sole Manufacturers,
Chadbom & Coldwell
Manufacturing Co ,
223, Upper Thames Street,
London, E.C.
T. CLARKE, Manager.
Oil Faint No Longer Necessanr.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone,
\Re£istered Trade Matk.^
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is" fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. _ It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdonu
Unsolicited Testimoniau.
" Pierce fie Id Park, 7«?i<? 21, 1876.— Sirs,— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours
respectfully, Wm. Cox."
CA UTJON.—B.11.1. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing, Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c,, sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Brieriey Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 180, Buchanan
Street. Glasgow.
TEN SILVER
AWARDED
MEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
t} Weston-super-mare, Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green : ORCHID. FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, is.
New Parcels Post.
SEND for SAMPLES and PRICES of the
EXCELSIOR COMPANY'S PATENT PERFO-
RATED TIN BOXES, for sending Plants, Flowers, Game,
or any Perishable Articles by Post — The EXCELSIOR
DECORATING TINPLATE MANUFACTURING COM-
PANY, Corner of Gravel Lane, Southwark Street, E.C.
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Thames St.. London, E.C.
Investment Assurance.— Policy Holders of tlie
LIFE ASSOCIATION OF SCOTLAND
in Class B obtain all the advantages of an ordinary Life
Assurance, combined with a most Profitable Investment.
Claims Paid a7id Bonuses, upwards of FOUR MILLIONS.
^^* IMMEDIATE ASSURERS
will secure a YEAR'S BONUS more than later Entrants.
London : 5. Lombard Street, and 48, Pall Mall.
Edinburgh : 82, Princes Street.
UtHographlc Coloured Plates of Vegetables, Fruits,
FLOWERS. &c., or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
CATALOGUES.
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, Lithographer
to the Royal Academy, 15, Ruedu Boulevard, Brussels.
Established 1829. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Natural History. Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that may be required, and Estimates will
be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER. 149, Kingsland Road, London, E.
Accidents !-64, ComMIl.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ^1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;£25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ^1,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
ONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street. Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ,£200,000. — Reserve Fund, ,£75,000.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from £\o to
;£5ooo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds from £$ per cent from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice, — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ^250,000 per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
Established 1867.
Just Published, Demy 4to.
THE FRUITS OF ALL COUNTRIES.
A Descriptive Catalogue of over 500 Species of Edible
Fruits (excluding varieties). By F. T. Mott. F.R.G.S.
Sent post-free within the Postal Union on receipt of ar. 6d. in
stamps or Postal Order, by the Author.
Birstal Hill, Leicester, England.
Belgian,
BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Publishsd since 1865, by F. Burve-
NicH. F. Pavnaert, E. RoDiGAS, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent, Post-paid, los. per annum.
H, J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium,
Farms, Estates, Residences.
Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the
MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed '^Midland Counties
HeraldO^ce, Birmmgham." The Midla7ui Counties Herala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.
WANTED, a PARTNER, who will be
willing to invest about £2000 in an old established and
well known Nursery and Seed Business in the West of England.
The stock is large and varied. — Address letters, J. W.. Messrs.
Hurst & Sons, 152. Houndsditch, London, E.
ANTED, in August, a HEAD GAR-
DENER, without family — Wife as Laundress — in a
small private family. Good house. Vines, Orchard-house, no
Melons or Pines. Active man required. Under Gardener and
boy. — R. D., Messrs. Terry, Stoneman & Co., 6, Hatton
Garden, E.C.
WANTED, by the Corporation of Leeds, for
Woodhouse Aloor and the Judges' Lodgings, a
WORKING GARDENER. Must have a knowledge of plain
Greenhouse Work and Forestry. Wages 245. per week. —
Applications, with Copies of two Testimonials of recent date, to
be sent to the Town Clerk's Office, endorsed " GARDENER,"
not later than the i3tb instant. — Leeds, July 3, 1833.
ANTED, a Scotch JOURNEYMAN
GARDENER (age under 30), to accept a three years'
engagement in Bengal, India. Second-class passage to Calcutta
free. Salary, first year, 150 Rupees per mensem— 50 Rupees
increase each succeeding year. Send copies of testimonials to
R. E., Crawlord, Calvin& Co., 50, Old Broad Street, E.C.
WANTED7an UNDER GARDENER (age
22), to take Charge of Glass ; active and industrious,
willing to Help with the other Work of the Garden. £,x per
week. No bothy. — GARDENER, Quernmore Park, Lancaster.
HILLIPS AND CO. REQUIRE an OUT-
DOOR FOREMAN to Propagate and Grow Roses,
Fruits, Shrubs, and General Outdoor Nursery Stock. To a
competent man Wages to commence at 255. per week, with an
advance according to capabilities. — Apply, with referenceSj to
the Torbury Nurseries, Torquay.
July 7. 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
31
WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN,
;n a Small Nursery. Cut Flowers, Roses, &c., Grown
for Sale. Mubt uadersland Rose Growing, Budding, Propa-
gating, &c., and EOC»d IJouquetist — State aRc, experience,
lefcrences, and wa le^ <-xp. rled to JOHN MAVO, Oxford.
ANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN, for
Stove and Hard-wooded Plants for a Cut Flower Trade.
— Write, statinR experience and wages, to POUNCE and
SONS, Hendon, Middlesex,
WANTED, a PROPAGATOR and
GROWER, in a Provincial Nursery. — Must be a firi.t-
class Grower of Pot Roses, Soft and Hard-wooded SiutT, as
well as the usual Decorative Plants, Cut Flowers, &c., to Fur-
nish a Shop and Retail Trade — Testimonials, with full parti-
culars, staling age and wage=, to S. D. S., Messis. Nutting S:
Sons, 63, Barbican, London, E.G.
ANTED, as AbSlSTANT PRO PA-
GATOR, a young man who has filled a similar siuia-
tion. — Address, givingj particulars, also wages required, to
Messrs. THOS. CRIPPS and SON, Nurserymen, Tunbtidge
Wells, Kent.
WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, MAN and
WIFE, to take charge of unoccupied House and
Garden, 12 miles from Town. Man must be a thorough Gar-
dener and practical manager. Cottage, fire, and gas provided.
Good wages. Unexceptional personal characters 11 dispensable.
^Apply, by letter, stating age and full particulars of foimer
engagements, to S., The Baltic, Threadneedle Street, E.G.
WANTED, for a Market Nursery, a young
MAN. thoroughly experienced in Growing lea and
H.P. Roses, for Cut Blooms, Inside and Out. Must be a good
Budder and have h lied a similar situation. Preference given
to one from a Market Nursery. Permanence to a suitable man,
— Address, stating age, reference, and wages expected, to
TURNER BROS.. Green Hill Nursery, Allerton, Liverpool.
WANTED, a MAN, well up in Growing
Plants for Covent Garden Market, Ferns, &c. — CHAS.
HOLLINGSWORTH, The Nursery, Farnborough, Kent.
AlTANTEDj a young MAN, who understands
*T the Growing of Roses Indoors and Out. — Blenheim
Nursery, Rye Lane, Peckham, S. E.
WANTED, an energetic young MAN, well
up in Budding, Grafting, &c.; one having a knowledge
of Propagating and General Nursery Work preferred. A young
man of good character and ability will find this a good opening.
— Apply, statmg age. e.xperience, &c , to S. McGREDV and
SON, Nurserymen, Portadown, Ireland.
ANTED, TWO or T H RE ¥ youngM E N,
who have been accustomed to Budding and General
Nursery Work. — State experience and wages required to
GEO. COOLING and SON, Nurserymen, Bath.
WANTED, for the country, a young MAN,
accustomed to the Winter-blooming of Azaleas and
Geraniums. — Address, stating experience and wages required,
A. S., Mr. Brenton, 89, Queen Street, Cheapside, E.G.
WANTED, an IMPROVER, in a good
establishment. Son of a Gardener preferred. — Slate
age, where employed, and wages, to J. STEVVART, Langfoid
Park, Maldon, Essex.
Order Clerk.
WANTED, a careful, steady, and industri-
ous young MAN, with a knowledge of Plants, to Attend
to the Execution of Orders. — Apply personally at Mr.
WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare Plants,
536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
WANTED, a CLERK, mostly for Corre-
spondence, in a Nursery. Must be perfectly trust-
worthy, sober, industrious, of good address, well educated, and
poEsessed of a good general knowledge of the business so as to
be capable of satisfactorily attending to a large number of
letters. — Applications, with references, may be addressed,
X. Y. Z., Messrs. Hurst & Son, Houndsdiich, E.
WANT PLAGES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
B. LAIRD AND SONS (late Downie &
• Laird) can at present recommend with every confi-
dence several first-rate SCOTCH GARDENERS, whose
character and abilities may be thoroughly depended upon,
either for Larga Establishments or Single-handed Situations ;
also FOREMEN. UNDER GARDENERS, and FARM
BAILIFFS,— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.
JAMES CARTER AND CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs, Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn, W.C.
ICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to
announce that they are constantly receiving applications
from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they wiU be able to
supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c — St. John's
Nurseries, Worcester.
EG. HENDERSON AND SON
• have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and good character waiting re-engagements as
HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring such. —
Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale. W.
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (JoHbJ Cowan), Limited, are in a position to
recommend a thoroughly competent man as GARDENER, or
M GARDENER and BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentle-
man requiring such.
C:iARDENER (Head).— Single ; thoroughly
•^ praciicil man, experienced in all branches. Has served
in first-class establishments. Trustworthy. Good references, —
GARDENER, Mr. Putterill. Back Street, Hatfield, Hens.
r:j_ARDENER (Head).— Age 29, married ;
V_>^ well up in all branches. Good character and testimonials.
Wife good Laundress. — S. P., g, Upper Mill Place, Chislehurst,
Kent.
C^TardENER (Head). — Age 30; sixteen
-^ years' practical experience in all branches, Early and
Late Forcing, Vines, Metans, Cucumbers, Flowtrs, &c. Good
leatimoniais Highly recommended by present and previous
emp'oyers. — G. SMITH, Hall's Library, Horley, Suirey.
ARDENER (Head) ; age 31.— ^5 Bonus
will be given to any person who may be the means of the
Advertiser securing a suitable situation. Total abstainer. First-
class references and character. — S. HEATH, Trusham, Bovey
Tracy.
GARDENER (^Head).— George Daniells,
six a.id a half years Gardener to Wm. Gilstrap, Esq.,
Foriiham Park, Bury St. Edmunds, having completed the
Landscape Work and extensive Alterations and Improvements
in the Park, Pleasure Grounds and Kitchen Gardens of the
above place, wilt be at liberty|ihe first week in August to engage
with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good
practical man. Has been eighteen years Head Gardener, and
has had great experience in Landscape Work and Re modelling
Flower Gardens and Pleasure Grounds ; also very successful in
Removing Large Trees and Shrubs. Good testimonials.
ARDENER (Head WoRKiNG)7^ge^2S ;
first-class references. — WILLIAM BLAMtV, The
Gardens, Newbiirgh Park, Easingwold, Yorkshire.
ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,
married, one child ; well up in all branches Eleven
years' personal character. — F. H. B , 47, Lowfield Road,
Kilburn, London, N.W.
GARDENER (Head Working). — Age
29 ; fourteen years' practical experience in all branches
o( ttie profession. Good character from present and previous
employer. — GEORGE DONALD, Leyton Green, Leyton,
Essex
G~ ARDENER (Head Working).— Single ;
has had great experience in Eaily and Late Forcmg,
Stove, Orchard, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good cha-
racter from last and first-class testimonials from previous situa-
tions.— H. R. , The Hampers, Hurstpierpoint.
ARDENER (Head, or good Single-
HANI ed). — Twelve years' experience in Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, Forcing and Outdoor Work. Two years'
goodc haracter.— GARDENER. Draycott Lodge, Fulham, S.W.
Gardener' (HEAD7^r~good~ single-
Handel) — Thirteen years' good practical experience in
Early and Late Forcing, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. —
WM. WEBBER, iz. BerkeUy Street, Wi.lcot, Bath.
ARDENER (Head, or good Single-
Handed).— Age 27, single : understands Stove and
Greenhouse Flowers, Forcing Fruit and Kitchen Gardening.
Two years* good character from last place. — W. SMITH,
Soulhover Lodge, Tolpuddle, near Dorchester.
GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, or where a
boy is kept).— Age 23, single ; has a general knowledge of
the profession. Nine years with present employer. — A. B.,
Barnesley, Cu-encester, Gloucestershire.
GARDENER (Single-handed, or good
Second).— Age 2>;, single; understands Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good references.
— J. EVANS, Gardener, Purtand Chase, near Ross, Hereford-
sh ire.
ARDENER and WORKING BAILIFF.
— J. Wakefield offers his services as above to any
Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a practical
man in both capacities, being a first-class Grape and Plant
Grower, a good judge of Stock, and capable of managing men.
Character will bear the strictest investigation. Will be dis-
engaged in August. — The Manor House Garden, Ham, Surrey.
GARDENER (Second, or good Single-
handed). — Age 25; well up in Gardening. Gjod
references both from present and previous employers. — Apply,
stating wages, &c., to C. FOSTER and SONS. Nurserymen,
Willesden Green, N.W.
ARDENER (Second), or under a Fore-
man in a large establishment. — Can have three gears'
good character from present situation. — Write stating full par-
ticulars to Mr. H. WALKER, The Gardens. The Grange.
Eastington. Gloucester.
GARDENER (Second), in a large Garden.
— Age 27: has a good knowledge of General Roulioe,
Good references. Please state wages. — F. E., 2, Elaine Grove,
Kentish Town, N.W.
GARDENER (Second), where three or four
are kept. — Age 2t ; fifteen months' good character from
last place. Abstainer.— H. HARRISON, 9A, Alkham Road,
Stamford Hill, N.
GARDENER (Second), in a good establish-
ment. — Age 26, married ; well up in Fruit and Flowers,
Early and Late Forcing.— J. B.. Mr. Chilver, Hunstanton,
Lynn.
ARDENER(SECOND),orgood JOURNEY-
MAN. — Age 2t; seven years' experience, three years
in present situation.— W. PECKOVER, Wardington, near
Banbury, Oxon.
GARDENER (Second), where six or seven
are kept, or as JOURNEYMAN in a good establibh-
raent. — Age 23 ; good characters from last and previous places.
— Please state particulars to A. B., 28, St. Radigans Street,
Canterbury. Kent.
ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY-
MAN, in a good establishment. — Age 23 ; seven years'
good general experience. Character will bear strict investiga-
tion as to sobriety, honesty, and hard working. —THOS.
LLOYD, Florist, &c., Stourport, Worcestershire.
/^ARDENER (Second, or Under).— Age
V-J 36 ; eight years' experience. Good character from
previous cmployers.-J HEALE, Dunchidcock House. Dun-
chideock, near Exeter.
(^ARDENER (Under), in the HoiiIes in^
V^ good establishment.— Age 24 ; can be hifihiy recum-
inended. — H. F., Haydon's Cottage. Sidmouth, Devon.
r:iARDENER (Under) in a Gentleman's
V^ estabhshii ent.— Age 22 ; four years' experience. Good
character.— A. B., 3, David's Terrace, Plashet Road, Plaistow,
Essex.
T^OREMAN.~Age27 ; twelve years' practical
-L experience in good establishments, including Fruit and
Plant Growing. Can be well recommended. — Z., Mrs. G.
Green, Handsworth, Sheffield.
T^OREMAN, in the Houses, in a good estab-
-L lishment.— Ten years' practical experience in all depart-
ments. First-class references. — W. H. S., Basing Park Gar-
dens, Alton, Hants.
Tj^OREMAN, and PROPAGATOR. —Well
A- up in Growing Plants and Flowers for Market. Good
Rose Budder. Three years in last place.— P. THOMAS, Post-
oflice, Maindee, Newport, Mon.
"P'OREMAN, or PROPAGATOR, or to tak^
J- Charge of a Small Nursery.— Age 24 ; ten years' practical
experience. First-class character. — H. EDEN, Belmont
Nursery, Belfast.
Tj^OREMAN, or good SECOND.— Age 25 ;
J- thorough knowledge of the profession in all branches.
Bothy preferred. Good character.— F. B, . Mrs. Johnson,
Shoreham, Sevenoaks, Kent.
]VrURSERY FOREMAN.— Age 30; sixteen
-^^ years' practical experience in all branches, both In and
Outdoor. Successful Budderand Grafter. Excellent reference'-.
— FOREMAN. Myrtle Villa. Bonhurst Road. Horley, Surrey.
I OURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
^' —Age 21 ; six years' experience in good situations
Highly recommended. —T. BAR RATT, Coleorton Hall. Ashbj-
de-Ia-Zouch, Leicestershire.
TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20 ;
*J active and obliging. Six years' experience in the pro-
fession. Four years' gond character— W. M., z, Tmling
Cottage, Beulah Road, Walthamstow, Essex.
TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23 ;
^ eight years' experience. Two years' good charicier.
Bothy preferred. — A. B., T. Perrm, Trentham, Stoke-on-
Trent, Staffordshire.
To Nurserymen and Florists.
PELARGONIUM GROWER, or other Soft-
wooded Stuff, for Market,— Wanted, bya thoroughly ex-
perienced man, a situation as above. — JAMES CRISP,
Firwood Nursery, Farnborough, Kent.
To Nurserymen and Florists.
PROPAGATOR, or ASSISTANT in the
-L House?.— Age 38 ; first-class references.— A. B., 153
High Street, Harborne, Birmingham.
TMPROVER.— Advertiser (age 20) wishes to
-L meet with a situation where he could improve. Eight
years in Houses and Kitchen Garden. Good references. —
J. CLARK, Woodhouse Eaves, Loughborough.
O NURSERYMEN and GARDENERS.
—A young man desires a situation in a Nursery or Gen-
tleman's garden. Has been three years in the Houses. Five
years' good character. — H. L.. 30A, Hyde Street, Winchester,
Hants.
TO GARDENERS.— A young man desires
a situation in the Houses, in -which he has been four or
five years.— A. M., 25, Hyde Close. Hyde Street. Winchester.
SHOPMAN, in a Provincial Seed Establish-
ment.— Six years with Messrs. Webb & Sons, Wordsley.
—JOHN LOWLESS, North View. Brettell Lane. Stourbridge.
SHOPMAN or ASSISTANT. — Several
years' experience in all branches of the Nursery Trade.
Books if required. First-class references. — C. J., 78, Rye Lane,
Peckham, S.E.
SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 24 ; ten
years* good experience in all branches ; also Book-keeping.
Excellent references — G. G. D., W. Porteous & Co., 15. Royal
Exchange Square, Glasgow.
O FLORISTS.— Wanted to place for a
short while a young Lady (aged 19) as an Improver to
learn Buttonhole Bouquet and Wreath Making. Will have to
live in ihe house, and be treated as one of the family.— State
particulars to J. MAYO, Rose Grower, &c., Oxford.
OUSE and ESTATE CA'rPENTErT—
Age 49, married ; well experienced in all kinds of Indrior
and Outdoor Work, Repairing and Polishing Furniture, Paint-
ing, Glazing. Paperhanging, Bathwork, Park Feiicing, the
Erection of Outbuildings, and Rustic Work. Good character,
— T. SKINNER, High Street, Limpefield, Red Hill, Surrey.
ARM BAILIFF.— Used to Heavy and
Light Soils ; Breeding and Rearing all kinds of Stock
and Sheep. Good references.— B. RINGER, Harestock Fa/m,
near Winchester.
HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Impurities of the
Blood.— To ensure health it is abolutely necessary that
the fluids and solids of the human body should be kept free
from those impurities which are continually getting admission
into the system by imprudent living, unwholesome surround-
ings, or disordered stomach. The surest way to excel all such
impurities is to take Holloway's Pills, which have the power of
cleansing the blood from all noxious matters, and at the same
time removing any morbid changes which their presence may
have already produced in any organ. Holloway's Pills
expel all humours which taint or impoverish the blood,
which they purify and invigorate, giving tone to the nerves.
They are applicable to all alike— young or old, robust or delicate.
32
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 7, 1883.
RICHARDSON'S PATENT
HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS
I./^ ".-i*i icf i^L.'
^
SECTION OF PATENT ROOF VCKTILATOR
Hot-water Apparatus fixed In any part of the
Kingdom and Guaranteed.
W. RICHARDSON & CO.,
Horticultural Builders & Hot-Water Engineers,
DARLIUGTON.
RICK CLOTHS- RICK CLOTHS.
Before purchaslngr, send for Samples
and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSON. 149,
Commercial Street, London, E , wlio can
supply a splendid article at a low price.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.
W AR N E R'S
PATENT
ANNULAR SAIL
AND
STAR WINDMILLS,
Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying
Farms, Railways, Mansions, &c.
Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are at Work in every part of the >Srorld.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Keliable made.
Price Lists,
Catalogues
P „• _ including Timber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, QQC
1 I lOCf complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, 3^£~\)
Prices of larger sizes for Pumping, Grindi7ig, Farm
and Mill Work in troportion.
Testimonial?, and) T Wf A 13 XT 1? X? Six CrMSTQ) CRESCENT FOUNDEY,
on application. ) J . VV ilXViN HlXt OC O VJIN O J CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C,
Now Ready ^ a Revised Edition of the
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS,
Price 3d., Post Free 3|cl.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S MEETING AT YORK, JULY 16 to 20.
T. H. P. DENNIS & COMPANY'S EXHIBIT.
Stand, No. 398. Open Ground Space.
NEW SYSTEMS OF PATENT GLAZING, CHEAP CONSERVATORIES, GREEN-
HOUSES and SUMMER HOUSES, RIVERS' WALL COVER, MELON FRAMES and PLANT
PROTECTORS, PATENT BOILERS and VALVES for Heating Apparatus.
Call and inspect them, or write for Catalogtte of Novelties for this season.
Address-MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, i^th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 18S3
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
TTIT
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED.
MESSENGER & CO.'S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, wltli the least obstruction to light and sun, the greatest Strength and Rigidity.
The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.
Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Boyal Horticultural Society, 1882. Flans and Estimates free on application.
Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates oj Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses
Forcing Houses, &^c., recently erected by M. &' Co., for 24 stamps.
MESSENfi-FiB & COMPANY, LOUG-HBOROUGH.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Puhli^her," at the Office, 41. Wellingion Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whiiefrinrs, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, aud Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Satcjrdav, July 7, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland—Messrs. J. Mrnzirs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow,
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
Cstal)lisj)etJ i84i.
No. 498.— Vol. XX. {ser.es.} SATURDAY, JULY 14, 1883.
[ Registered at the General ? Prlce 5d.
1^ Post-office as a Newspaper, j PoST-FREE, S^d.
CONTENTS.
Amianthium muscxiox-
icum .. .. ..41
Anagallis granditl^jra a>ba 52
Apiary, the . . 44
Begonias, Messrs. Laing's 39
Hooks noticed .. ..46
Bouvardia propzBation . . 54
Cacius notes .. ..53
Ceylon Botanic Garden .. 43
Cherriss 47
Conifers, growth of . . 48
Cypripediiini niacranthuin 46
Ferns, Tiee, at Birming-
ham Botanic Garden .. 51
Flowers, wild .. . . 50
Forestry 43
Fruit notes 47
Gardeners' Royal Benevo-
lent Institution .. ..52
Grasses, ornamental . , 54
Grape, Alnwick Seedling 52
Grapes and vineries .. 47
Greenhouses, the rating of 45
Hardy fruit garden .. 47
Kitchen garden .. •-47
Law notes .. . . . . 45
Liliums in flower . . -39
Local Board, troubles o( a 50
MasdevallLa marginella . . 3S
Mushroom growing .. ^■
Orchid notes .. .. 46
Orchids, Mr. Leech's .. 46
„ garden, list of ..42
Parcel post 53
Pelargoniums, hybrid .. 51
Pine stove ,. .. ••47
.. 38
.. 40
.. 3»
50, 53
41
50
5'
48
38
Plant portraits
Plants, new garden
,, hardy, in flower
Plagiolirion Horsmani
Potato crop, the . .
Potatos, re- invigorated
Protoplasm, the continuity
of ..
Primula obconica . .
Rhododendron Nuttalli .
Rodriguezia Leeana
Rosery, the . . . . 40
Societies : —
Aylesbury Horticultural 56
Bath Rose Show . . 56
Chiswick Flower Show 58
Crystal Palace Rose
t-how . . . . . . 55
Highgale Horticultural 56
Lee and Blackheath
Flower Show .. ..58
Norwood Amateur Floral 53
Rochester Horticultural 55
Royal Horticultural .. 54
Tunbridge Wells Horti-
cultural .. "57
Woodbridge Horticul-
tural 57
Strawberries at Bath .. 52
Tobacco in Manilla . . 58
Todeas at Glasnevin .. 53
Tomatos . . . . • • 37
Trees, maturity of .. 43
Trees, street . . . . 51
Vanda teres .. ., 46
Weather, the . . . • 59
W^OR
PRESENT
SOWING.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Amianthium musccetoxicum 41
Grape Basket, a 53
Pious moDOphytla .. .. .. 44
Finns Pinea.. .. .. 45
Rhododendron Nuttalli .. .. .. .. .. ••49
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
rPHE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
X SOCIETY of SOUTHAMPTON.
President H.S.H. Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar.
Inlhe Socitty's beautiful Grounds. Westwood Park, Southampton,
on SATURDAY and MONDAY, August ^ and 6,
GREAT SUMMER SHOW of Plants. Fruit, VeBetables.
Cut Flowers, Table Decorations, &c. THREE HUNDRED
and FIFTY POUNDS in Prizes. Alsoopening EXHIBITION
of HANTS and ISLE of WIGHT BEE-KEEPERS' AS-
SOCI ATION. Valuable Prizes for Honey. Bee Appliances, &c.
Entries Close, July 28.
For Schedule of Horticultural Prizes, apply to C. S. FUIDGE,
54 York Street, Avenue, Southampton.
For List of Prizes for Honev and Bee Appliances, apply to
E. H BELLAIRS, Esq., Nea Close, Christ Church. Hams
SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY'S GREAT SUMMER SHOW,
The Quarry, Shrewsbury, WEDNESDAY and THURS-
DAY. August 15 and 16. FOUR HUNDRED POUNDS in
PRIZES. For best 2o Plants, jdas, ;£2o, ills. Schedules and
full particulars from
Messrs. ADNITT and NAUNTON. Hon. Sees.
Shrewsbury.
Business Notice.
I ROBERT TAIT, sole surviving Partner
J of the firm of Dickson, Brown & Tait, Seed Mer-
chants, 43 and 45. Corporation Street. Manchester, have this
day TAKEN INTO PARTNERSHIP, Mr. ARTHUR
TESTER (who has been employed with the firm over 22 years),
and Mr. DAVID FLEMING (who has been employed with the
firm to years); and the said business will in future, as heretofore,
be conducted under the old designation of DICKSON,
BROWN AND TAIT.— July 2, 1883.
NOTICE. — Intending planters should visit
our Ntuseries. Many thousand Standard and Dwarf
ROSES are now in bloom. FRUIT TREES in great variety,
in full bearing. Now is the best time to select ORNA-
MENTAL TREES and SHRUBS for autumn planting.
150 acres of Nursery Stock in fine condition.
H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Beikamsted. Herts.
" The Roses of Mr. Paul are things to see once and dream
of for ever." — Athenauyn.
WM. PAUL AND SON respectfully invite
inspection of their Collection of ROSES, now in bloom
at the Nurseries, Waltham Cross. A fine Collection of
HARDY TREES and SHRUBS is also now in full beauty.
Admittance free.
Visitors by Railway can enter the Nurseries from the plat-
form of the Waltham Cross Station (Great Eastern Railway),
half-an-hour's ride from London (Liverpool Street Station).
ORCHIDS. — We invite intending purchasers
to pay us a visit and inspect our houses.
Th« NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63.
WEBB'S NEW PRIMULAS.— The finest
strains in cultivation — FromMr. Thos, Dell, Head Gar-
dener to the Rt. Hon. Earl of Dartmouth — " The Primulas were
very good, some of them beautifully fringed flowers, and very
rich in colour ; the foliage was really splendid."
Webb's PURITY, is. (>d. and 55. per packet.
Webb's SCARLET EMPEROR, 2J. 6d. and 5J. per packet.
Webb's ROSY MORN. w. dd. per packet.
Webb's EXQUISITE (mixed), ir. 6d. and 2^. (>d. per packet,
post-free.
EBB'S SUPERB CALCEOLARIA.—
Unequalled. — From Mr. H. Weaving, Dothill Park
Gardens. — *' Your Calceolaria seed produced the finest blooms
I have ever grown, some of them measuring -2% inches by 1%
inch."
Price IS. 6d., 25 6d., and 5s. per packet, post-free.
WEBB'S SUPERB CINERARIA.— The
Best. — From Mr. Chas, Clark, Head Gardener to
W. Bickford-Smith. Esq., Trevarno. — '' 1 have some first-rate
Cinerarias, the largest blooms (some o( them) I ever saw ; they
are a very good strain indeed."
Price ts 6d.. is. td. and 55. per packet, post-free.
w
w
EBB'S CYCLAMEN, GLOXINIA,
Double CINERARIA, and BEGONIA.
Price, each, ar. 6d, per packet, post-lree.
EBB AND SONS, The Queen's
Seedsmen, Wordsley, Stourbridge.
U L Y I
N T H E
What to Sow.
GARDEN.
nPHE BEST CABBAGES and LETTUCES.
ABBAGE.— CARTERS' HEARTWELL
EARLY MARROW.— Pronounced to be the finest early
Cabbage in cultivation. Very distinct. Indispensable both
for the gentleman's garden and for market purposes. , In sealed
packets only 2S. per ounce ; dd, and is. per packet, post-free.
Carters' Heartwetl Cabbage was awarded the First Prize in a
competition of 20 varieties at the Great International Exhibition
held in Manchester, August 24, 1881.
ABBAGE. — CARTERS' MAMMOTH
BEEFHEART.— The best main-crop Cabbage; large
firm heads of exquisite Bavour, invaluable both for table and
exhibition. In sealed packets, us. per ounce, is. per packet,
post-free.
PABBAGE. — CARTERS' MINIATURE
V^ DRUMHEAD.— An early, globular-shaped Cabbage, of
delicate flavour and good colour, is. per ounce, €id. per packet,
post-free.
ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE
COS. — The largest, most delicious, and best summer Cos
Lettuce in cultivation. No tying required. Heads very solid
and crisp eating. 2S. 6d. per ounce, 6d. and is. per packet,
post-free.
ETTU CE. — DUNNETTS' GIANT
WINTER COS.— Very hardy and crisp. 21. per ounce,
6d. and ts. per packet, post-free.
ETTUCE.— ALiTtHE YEAR ROUND.
— Crisp and compact. If sown at intervals it will provide
Lettuces all the year round, -zs. per ounce, 6d. and is. per
packet, post-free.
CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by
Royal Command to H. R H. the Prince of Wales.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W.C.
To the Trade only.-lO.OOO Maldenliair Ferns.
MESSRS. PERKINS and SONS are now
offering a very fine lot of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM,
in 72's, at 30^. per loo. Sample plant per post (to intending
purchasers) sent on application, is. per loo package.
Warwick Road and Park Nurseries, Coventry.
Tea Roses— Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
MESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
ANTED, Cuttings of PELARGONIUMS,
Digby Grand, and other good sorts. Price to
W. AND J. BROWN, Stamford.
WANTED, Purple and White Dog's-tooth
VIOLETS and Feathered HYACINTHS.
W. HOPWOOD AND SON, Cheltenham.
WANTED, PEACHES, NECTARINES,
GRAPES, MELONS, CUCUMBERS, TOMATOS,
&c Also Mari!chal Niel ROSES. EUCHARIS, ORCHIDS,
ORANGE BLOSSOM, GARDENIAS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Gaideo.
For Sowing in July.
SUTTONS' CALCEOLARIA. THE BEST.
From Mr. J. Darbvshire. Gardener to W. Smith, Esq.,
Wilmslow, May 16, 1883.—" I got First Prize with your Per-
fection Calceolarias at the Botanic Show on Friday. They are
really splendid, 2 feet through, and well marked."
Price. IS. 6d., 2s. 6d., and ss. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' CINERARIA. THE BEST.
From Mr. H. K. Ward, Gardener to W. H. Budgett,
Esq.. Stoke Bishop, April 2, 1S83.— " Your Cineraria is the best
strain I have yet seen. I have taken the Premier Prize with
them three years in succession. Your strain took the First
Prize agamst fourteen or fifteen competitors, and a fin«r half-
dozen plants could scarcely be got together."
Price, is. td.^ 2J. 6rf., and 5J. per packet, post-free.
SUTTO N S'~P R I M UlZ THE BEST.
From F. J. Walker, Esq., The Priory, Bath, Jan. 3,
18S3,—*' I took First Prize for Primulas at the Bath Chrysan-
themum and Primula Show from the seed you supplied us with
last year. There was a great competition. Your strain cannot
be surpassed."
Price, IS. 6d., 2s. 6d., T,S-6d., and 55. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' BEGONIA. THE BEST.
" The Begonias are perfection. I have a small con-
servatory entirely filled with them, which are the admiration of
all my friends." — J. Darlington, Esq , Neiherwood.
Price, IS., IS. 6d., ss. 6d., and 5.?. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' GLOXINIA. THE BEST.
From Miss Dunstervillb, Airdie, Malvern Link, Feb. 3,
1883. — '* The Gloxinia seed has produced the finest blooms I
have ever seen even in the Crystal Palace Show."
Price, 3S. 6d. and $s. per packet, post-free.
U T T O N AND SONS,
Ths Queen's Seedsmen, READING, BERKS.
s
East Lothian Intermediate Stocks.
THOMAS METHVEN and SONS
beg to offer their choice strain of the above, in four
colours, viz , Scirlet, Purple, White, and Crimson, at is., ss. 6d.,
and 5J. each colour. Price to the Trade on application.
15, Princes Street, Edinburgh.
CATALOGUE, new and descriptive. — Alpines
and Hardy Perennials, comprising 2000 species. Post-free
on application.— STANSFIELD BROTHERS, Soulhport.
hTvERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials.
Post-free on applications.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
Hyacinths, Ttilips, Narcissus, LUles, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS, single and
double; PVRETHRUMS, single and double; PHLOXES and
TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratUand post-free.
EEDLING FOREST TREES, &c.—
Nurserymen visiting the North are respectfully invited
to call and inspect stock of above at the Monifieth Nurseries,
near Dundee. W. P. LAIRD and SINCLAIR.
Now in Full Bloom.
JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS
BEGONIAS. Gold Medal Collection, are the grandest floral
display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors.
Railway Stations — Catford Bridge, 5 minutes' walk : Forest
Hill, 15 minutes to Slanstead Park Nursery, Forest HilL
A QUILEGIA " GLAN D U LdSA~~(true). —
-^~*- heed just collected. 2^. 6(/. and 5J. per packet ; i-yr. Seed-
lings, now ready, 2J. 6(/. per dozen. Usual discount to the Trade.
R. AND A. MORRISON, The Nurseries, E Igin.
To the Tratle.
BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING
RASPBERRY.
Special Prices for Orders before September i may be had on
application,
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, Hull.
To the Trade.
FJOSES ON OWN ROOTS,
t GLOIRE DE DIJON, ISABELLA SPRUNT,
RfiVE DOR, &c.
£2 per 100 for cash, carefully pacited, out of 4^-inch pots.
MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
TEA ROSES, fine plants, in 5-inch pots—
Mar^chal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others — 5or. per lOo.
BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-inth pots, best
kinds, including Alfred Neuner. price 4or. per io3.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.
Sl-RAWBERRY RUNNERSriVonTtwenty
choice varieties. Price LIST on application. Sample box
of plants with fruit, 4^. " Manual on Strawberry Culture,"6rf.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.
Rape Seed.— Mustard Seed.
CHARLES SHARPE and CO.
have I he above to offer. Samples and prices on applica-
tion. Sleaford. — July, 1883.
34
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 14, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Wednesday Next.
GREAT SALE of Established ODONTOGLOSSUM
ALEXANDRA.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
lions from Mr. H. R. Wright, in consequence of ihe
death of his brother Mr. G. Wright, to SELL by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.,
on WEDNESDAY, July 18. at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, the fourth portion of his valuable and extensive
COLLECTION of ORCHIDS,
comprising many hundred fine plants of Odontoglossum Ale,x-
andrcC, including many grand varitties from most of the leading
importations, and several well-known private collections ;
Masdevallia Harryana and M. Lindeni, Trichopilia nobilis,
Ccclogyne cristata (fine specimens), Cymbidium eburneum,
Lycaste Skinneri, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.
ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA SEED.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
Sale by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
July 18, about 50 lb. of ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA SEED.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Auction Rooms and Offices,38,King Street, Covent Garden,W.C.
Wednesday Next.
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS and STOVE PLANTS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
July iS, a small COLLECTION of ORCHIDS and STOVE
PLANTS, the property of J. S. Hargrove, Esq., late of West-
combe Lodge, Wimbledon Common.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Wednesday Next.
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS and STOVE PLANTS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
July 18, the small collection of ORCHIDS formed by the late
William Hall, Esq., of Faversham, including Cattleyas, Cym-
bidiums, Aerides, Cypripediums, Dendrobiums, Oncidiums,
Vandas, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
EXTRA RARE and FINE SPECIES.
MR. J. C.STEVENShas received instructions
from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his
Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Govent Garden, W.C, on
THURSDAY NEXT, July 19, at half-past 12 o'clock pre-
cisely, extra, rare, and fine species of ORCHIDS. The steamer
bringing these Orchids arriving to-day, particulars cannot be
given, but will be found in Catalogue which may be had on
application.
On view morning of Sale, and Cataloges had.
Tuesday Next.
VANDA SANDERIANA.
TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
JXL will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.. on TUESDAY NEXT. July 17, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low S:
Co., imported plants, in ihe fii.est condition, of VANDA
SANDERIANA, CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI, C LOWI. C.
HOOKERII. C. JAVANICUM, AN^CTOCHILUS LOWI,
CATTLEYA GIGAS SANDERIANA. varieties ; DENDRO-
BIUM FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM. D. DAYI, D.
VEITCHIANUM, AfiRIDES QUINQUEVULNERUM,
VANDA CCERULEA, GALEaNDKa DEVONIANA,
PHAL/1':N0PSIS GRANDIKLORA, ODONTOGLOS-
SUM ALEXANDRyE, fine selected pieces; SACCOLABIUM
HARRISONIANUM, and many other choice ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.G.
Tuesday Next.
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include in their SALE on TUESDAY NEXT,
about 50 lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, from the Collec-
tion of a Private Gentleman ; including a few fine specimens,
together wuh a quantity of ORCHIDS IN FLOWER, and a
few planis ol PHAL^NOPSIS TETRASPIS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Friday Next.
IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.
■"ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
-LV-L are instiucted by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.,
to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, July =d, at half-past
12 o'clock piecisely, a very fine lot of IMPORTED and
ES'TABLISHED ORCHIDS, including Cattleya Dowiana,
C. gigas, C aurea, and C. Skinneri ; Odontoglossum crispum,
O. vexillarium, O. Pescatorei, O- Phai^enopsis, O. hastilabium :
Masdevallia Harryana, M. cucullata, M. macrura, M. trochilus,
and other valuable species ; together with a quantity of
ORCHIDS IN FLOWER.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.C.
Eavllle Gardens, Stourbridge.
About 5 miles from the Stourbridge Stations
IMPORTANT SALE of CHOICE PLANTS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions from the Dowager
Countess of Stamford to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Ptemises, as above, on WEDNESDAY, August i, at 2 o'Clock
precisely, a large quantity of beautifully grown ORNA-
MENTAL FOLIAGE PLANTS for the Stove and Green-
house, including handsome Tree Ferns, which embrace some
of the finest examples of Dicksonia antarctica ever offered,
several stately Palms, Ixoras, Crotons — many fit for exhibition,
Anthuriums, well-grown Caladiums, fifty specimen Eucharis,
splendidly furnished plants, in fine condition, &c.
On view the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues of Mr.
GREEN, on the Premises; or, of the Auctioneers, 67 and
68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, London, E.C.
N.B.— A wagonette will meet certain trains on the day of
Sale, to convey intending purchasers to the Gardens. (.See
Catalogue. )
M"!
MI
Near Waltliain Abbey, Essex.
TO POTTERS, FLORISTS, and OTHERS.
By order of Executors.
VALUABLE FREEHOLD ESTATE, known as the Wood
Green Potteries, situate at Honey Lane, about two miles
from the Market Town of Waltham Abbey, and twelve
miles from London, comprising modern built Mill Hou5e,
Engine hou^e, Manufacturing and Drying Rooms, Circular
Kiln, and all convenient buildings wherein a iarge busi-
ness in the Manufacture of Flower Pots, Drain Pipes,
Tiles, &c,, has been successfully carried on for many years
by the late proprietor, together with seven excellent Span-
roof and other Greenhouses, ot Forcing Houses, extensive
Gardens, a comfortable eight-roomed Dwelling House,
Cottage, Stabling, Cart Sheds, and other Out OfficcF,
With possession upon completion.
MR. S. CHETWOOD will SELL the
above by AUCTION, at the "Cock " Hotel, Epping, on
FRIDAY, July 20. at four o'Clock. in one lot.
Particulars and Conditions of Sale may be obtained of Messrs.
WINDUS AND TROTTER, Solicitors, Epping and Harlow ;
or of Mr. S. CHETWOOD, Surveyor and Auctioneer, Waltham
Abbey, Essex.
Beckington, Somerset.
SALE of VALUABLE FREEHOLD LANDS, with Farm
Buildings, and excellent Walled Garden.
MR. WALTER HARROLD has been
favoured with instructions from the owner, Mr. D. B.
Joyce, in consequence of his intention to leave the neighbour-
hood, to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart. Frome, on WED-
NESDAY. July 25, at six o'Clock in the evening, about 13
acres of iich PASTURE LAND, with conveniently arranged
Farm Buildings and ex:cllent Walled Garden, admirably
situate in the centre of the picturesque village of Beckington,
in the following or such other lots as shall be announced at the
time of sale : —
Lot I. All that very valuable close of rich PASTURE
LAND, situate in the centre of the village of Beckington, with
the most conveniently arranged Farm Buildings, adjoining
thereto, the whole of which, together with Lot 3 below, is
numbered 39 on the Tithe Commutation Map of the parish of
Beckington, and contains 6 a. i r. 36 p. This lot is bounded by
Mill Lane, and by lands belonging to the Rev. W. A. Duck-
worth, and W. Foster. Esq. Ihe Farm Buildings are sub-
stantial and comprise Skilling, Piggeries, Boiling, Root, Chaff,
and Grinding Houses.
Lot 2. All those two valuable closes of rich PASTURE LAND
and GARDEN GROUND, situate adjoining the last lot,
numbered 40 and 305 on the Tithe Map, and containing together
6 a. I r. II p. This lot is bounded by Lot i, and by land belonging
to the Rev. W. A. Duckworth, Mrs. Enderby, Mr. Bourne,
and the estate of the late Mr. Hillman. N.B.— Both the fore-
going lots command extensive and beautiful views ; the soil
is a rich sandy loam, easily worked, very productive, and con-
taining valuable beds of building stone. They are admirabb'
adapted for bu Iding sites or nursery gardens. The access to
Lot 2 will be through Lot i by the roadway as at present used.
Lot 3. All that highly productive WALLED GARDEN,
with frontages on the Bath Road and Mill Lane, containing by
admeasurement z roods. This lot is well adapted for building
purposes.
The whole of the lets are in the occupation of Mr. D. B.
Joyce, who will upon application show the property. For
lurther particulars, and a plan showing the division of the lots,
apply to the Auctioneer. Frome ; or to Messrs. CRUTWELL,
DANIEL, AND CRUTWELLS. Solicitors, Frome.
WANTED, by Michaelmas, within lo miles
of London, about 40 acres of MARKET GARDEN.
Send particulars in 6rst instance to
DENNANT AND PORTER, 63. Queen Victoria Street, E.C.
London.
FOR SALE, a FLORIST and NURSERY
BUSINESS, with an extensive connection in Land-
scaoe Gardening and Jobbing. There are two Nurseries, held
at the low rental together of ;t6s. and well situate, in the midst
of a fashionable Residential District, only 4 miles from the
City and West End. Returns ;C43co per annum. Books open
for inspection. Owner retiring, and will sell the whole concern
at a reasonable offer, about .£2500, which includes Greenhouses,
Lease, Goodwill, the immense and varied Stock in Trade,
Horses, Carts, and everything complete.
Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8. New
Broad Street, Loodon, E.C.
OR SALE, SIDCUP HILL NURSERY,
Foot's Cray, Kent. Established over fifty years, and
widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of
the death (without issue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim, the Stock,
Leases, Business Structures, &c.j of this Nursery are to be
immediately disposed of.
For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the above address.
The Nurseries, WoodliaU, Spa, Lincolnshire.
FOR SALE, the Unexpired Term of a Ten
Years' Lease, at a low rental, of 5 Acres of well stocked
NURSERY GROUND, comprising a choice Collection of
Fruit Trees. Roses, Evergreens, Shrubs, and Trees ; four Green-
houses, well heated and stocked with Plants ; with Pits and
Frames. This Business, which is an old-established and lucra-
tive one, is for disposal by valuation, or agieement, owing to the
death of Mr. Edmund Blyton. the late proprietor. Easy terms
of payment would be arranged for a suitable applicant.
Apply to W. T. PAGE, Jun., Solicitor, Lincoln.
OR SALE, a FLORIST and
FRUITERER'S BUSINESS. — Well fitted Shop in
main thoroughfare. Doing first-class trade. Long lease.
Established ten years.
A. C. Gardefters^ Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Si rand. W.C. ^
Investment.— Important to Orciiid Growers.
15 miles from London.
FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked
HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS— proprietor wishins
to devote his whole time to another Business in which he is
engaged. Capital opening for Growing Orchids.
Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8. New
Broad Street, E.G.— (Folio 5865 )
BULB SEASON, 1883.
GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others,
by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may ob:ain the
FINEST BULBS at strictly WHOLESALE PRICES.
Write for PRICE LIST to THE CITY FLOWER. SEED,
and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch Street, and 80, St. Paul's
Churchyard, London, E.C.
To the Trade only.
EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nursery-
• MEN, Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland.
The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 365a) of Dutch Flower
Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous-rooted Plants
for 1883-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen, Florists, and Seedsmen.
Early White Roman Hyacinths.
HURST AND SON have just received their
first consignment of the above Bulbs, which are very
fine, and will be glad to quote price to the Trade on application.
152, Houndsditch, London. E.
pAUL AND SON'S ROSES. —These are
J- now superbly in flower, finer than for many years, indeed
equal to the finest years. 1876 to 1878. The blooming plants
exceed 2co.co3, and form the finest display of Roses anywhere
near London.
The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herts.
One mile from Cheshunt Station, G.E. R.
CREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERN3
and SELAGINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price 6^.) contains much useful information as well as " Hints
on Fern Culture." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
We most respectfully invite all Lovers of Flowers to
WMnM:WiuSx 'Mees^^
OUR CARNATIONS, PICOTEES,
PINKS, PELARGONIUMS, FUCHSIAS. ACHI-
MENES. BALSAMS, BEGONIAS, COLEUS, DAHLIAS,
VERBENAS, and numerous NEW and RARE PLANTS,
including all tile Novelties collected from all parts of the World,
which now form much the largest and most interesting Floral
sight ever brought together. CATALOGUE post-free.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
THE HOME FOR FLOWERS, SWANLEY, KENT.
USHROOM SPAWN for SALE, 4J. per
bushel, delivered free within 10 miles. The Trade
supplied.
G. MITCHINSON, Burroughs, Hendon.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
^d. per bushel : ico for 25^ : truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40^ ; 4-bushel bags, ^d. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, s-r. 6</. per sack ;
5 sacks, 25r ; sacks. \d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks 231. ; sacks,
^d. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, u. 9//. per bushel ; 131. per half
ton, 26^ per ton : in 2 bushel bags, 4^. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 81. 6rf. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO-
BACCO C LOTH, RUSSIA MATS, S:c. Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C-
pOCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. per
V^ bag, including bag. Truck-load, 25^,, free on rail, Ux-
bridge, G.W.R. Order accompanied by remittance will insure
prompt attention.
J. H. VAVASSEUR AND CO.. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Mills,
Uxbridge, Middlesex.
COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society
and jringipal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. -^d. each,
or 15 sacks, i8i. ; 30 sacks, ;£i 55., sacks included. Truck-
load, loose, 35J. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to
rail. Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige.
Established 1872.— J. STEVENS and CO.. "Greyhound"
Yard, and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants, &c.. £,6 6j. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Aialeas. Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 15^. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, i^s ; 5 Bags,
■2is.(;d.\ 10 Bags, 451. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
los. 6d. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52J, per
Truck of4tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, £s per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25^. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COWIPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
Tlie Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by tkevt and all Nurserymen and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation : giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
July 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
35
Now Ready, the First Part of Volume XII.,
wi
'th 22 Coloured Plates, 5^-.,
SOWERBY'S ENGLISH BOTANY.
Edited by J. T. BOSWELL, LL.D., F.L.S.
Part 84, contaii ing Marsiliaceae, Isoetaceee, Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiacese,
Ophioglossaceee.
London : G. BELL and SONS, 4, York Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
b&^JOHI WARIER & SOIS,e^^
l!y Special Appointment.
THK
Crescent Foundry,
CRIPPLEGATE,
LONDON, E.G.,
and the Foundry Works,
WALTON -ON-THE-NAZE,
Essex.
Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers, Bell and Brass
Founders, Braziers, and Coppersmiths.
By Special Appointment.
Manufacturers of
GILBERT'S
Patent Handlights
and Improved Regis-
tered and Patent
Handlights and Re-
spirators.
First Prize Stiver M- dais aiu^rded to yahn
IVarner ^r' So/ts, by the Kayat H ortictiUiirat
Society, at their Exltibitto'is in London, May <
1882 and 1883, /or Garden Engines, &^c.
7. /f-'. (V Sons' Horttciiltiiral List, and li'ind.
Water, Steam, Horse, and Manual Power Pump-
ing Machinery Catalogues, on apl^lication.
POSTER k PEARSOI, BEESTOI, lOTTS.
PAXTON'S CALENDAR.
Now ready, a Revised Edition of the
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
OF
GARDEN OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.
Price 3d., Post Free SJd.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
(luality equal to any in ilie Market.
(All S.icks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous .. .. 4J. 6^/. per sack.
,, best black fibrous .. .. ,. -^s. td. „
,. extra selected Orchid .. .. 55. orf. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. .,\
PRKPAREU COMPOST, best .. ( 11. per busbcl (,ack5
LF.AK MOULD .. .. .. (' included).
I'EAT MOULD )
SILVKR SAND (coarse) . .. 11. 3./. per bushel.
RAKFIA FIBRE, best only .. ., lorf. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. Si/, per lb.,a8 lb. i8j.
,. PAPER, finest imported .. .. loi/. per lb.. 28 lb. sif.
Cocoa-nut fibre refuse (see special adveitisememj.
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Bronze MEDAL-188I.
To His
Royal
Highnets
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Howers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHTJBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens arid Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
GUARANTHHD ABSOLUTELY PURE. FrEE FROM ANY
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the lamous '* Laguna " Cocoa- N ut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confuted with
so-calltd Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following -.— From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Piince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Polling, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS-
An elegant Bordering to Floxver Beds. Cotnbines tvartntk
and cleanliJiess -with valuable antiseptic atid deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
IS. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 13J. : 15 sacks, iBs. ; 20 sacks, 231.;
30 sacks, 30J. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of P. M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 25. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, cHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London, E.
MYOCOM
Is.
GUM.
Is.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
A STRING, Straw, or Twig, slightly covered
with this preparation (non-poisonous), and suspended from
the ceiling, will keep any place entirely free from FLIES,
WASPS, GNATS, &c. ** It is most efficacious, and catches
even wasps."— A. Ainslir. " The most perfect Fly-catcher he
has ever used."— Admiral Saumarhz. " The first tin caught
over 500 Hies in half-an-hour.'_'— T.C.Taylor. Mrs. Walton's
servants are delighted with it'. Gardeners supplied on Whole-
sale te*ms. Of all Chemists, in l8. Tins, or by post for la, 2d.
from T. CHRISTY & CO., 15S, Fenclmrca Street. E.C.
Certain Sudden DEATH
to all Grubs, Aphis, Lice, Red Spider. Ttirips, Mealy
Bug, Caterpillars, &c.
Perfectly ) to the Hands and Skin, but will cure Ring-
Harmless ) worm and all Disea.ses produced by Parasites,
FIR TREE OIL
(SOLUBLE) INSEGTSGiOE
A combination of Hydrocarbon Oils made Soluble in Water.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that
infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Fohage. It cures Mildew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c.
Cleans Grapes from Mildew or Mealy Bug without affecting
the bloom ; and, thickened with a little clay, makes a good
winter dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. €d., us. 6d.. ^s. 6d. a bottle. Per
gallon 121. 6(/., or less in larger quantities. Each bottle bears
the Inventor's Trade Mark (a Cat's Head) and full directions
for use. Mnnufactured by
E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and
Wholesale Druggists.
New York: ROLKER and SONS,
36
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 14, 1883.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
(Established 1841)
CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF
GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC,
REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS,
REVIEWS of BOOKS, and NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of
CURRENT INTEREST,
HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.
Special attention is given to the following subjects :—
ALPINE PLANTS.
ARBORETUM— The.
BEDDING PLANTS.
BEES.
BOTANY.
BULBOUS PLANTS.
CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS.
CONIFERS.
DISEASES OF PLANTS.
EVERGREENS.
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS.
FLORISTS' FLOWERS.
FLOWER GARDENS.
FORCING.
FORESTRY.
FRUIT CULTURE.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS.
KITCHEN GARDENING.
LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
LAWNS —LILIES.
MACHINES.
MANURES— Analyses of.
MARKET GARDENING.
NEPENTHES.
ORCHIDS — including a com-
plete List of those in culti-
vation.
PALMS.
PLANTING.
PLEASURE GROUNDS.
POMOLOGY.
POTATOS.— POULTRY.
RHODODENDRONS.
ROCKERIES.
ROSES.
SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES.
STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS.
SUCCULENT PLANTS.
TOWN GARDENING.
TRAINING.
TRAVEL— Notes of
TREES — Deciduous and Ever-
green.
VEGETABLE CULTURE.
VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY
VINES.
WALKS.— WALLS.
WEATHER.— WEEDS.
WINDOW GARDENING.
WOODS, &c., &c., &c.
Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, FL.S., W. G. SMITH, E.L.S., and Others.
Among tiie Contributors to recent Volumes may be mentioned :—
ABBAY, Rev
ANDERSON (J.)
ANURl5(E.). Paris
ANTO I N E ( F, ), Vienna . .
ATKINS (J.)
BADEN POWELL (H.)
BADGER (E. W.)
BAINES(T.)
BAKER(G,)
BAKER (I. G), F.R.S
BALFOUR (Professor) ..
BALL 0 ), F.R.S
BANCROFT (G.), M.D.
BARRON (A. F.). Chiswick ..
BENNET (H.), M.D., Mentone
BENNETT (A. W.)
BENNETT (G ), M.D.. Sydney
BENTHAM(G.), F.R.S.
BERGM.'^N (E,), Paris ..
BERKELEY (Rev. M. J.), F.R.S.
KLACKMORE (R. D.) ..
BLAIR (T.), Shrubland Gardens
BLOW(r. B.)
BOISSIER (E.), Geneva
BOSCAWEN (Hon. & Rev. J. T.)
BOULGER (G. S.), F.L.S.
BRIGHT (H. A.)
BRITTEN (J.). British Museum
BROWN (N. E.)
BULLEN (R.), Botanic Garden,
Glasgow
BURBIDGE (F. W.), Botanic
Garden. Dublin
CARUEL (Professor), Florence..
CASPARY (Prof.), Kojnigsberg . .
CLARKE (Col. TREVOR)
CLARKE (C. B.), F.R.S.
COBBOLD(T. S.), F.R.S.
COLEMAN (W,), Eastnor Castle
Gardens,.
COOKE (M.C.)
COOPER (Sir DAN.. Bart.) .,
CORREVON (H ), Geneva
COX (J.), Redleaf Gardens
CREWE (Rev. H. H.) ..
CROSSLING (R.), St. Fagan's
Castle Gardens
CROUCHER (J.)
D ARWI N (the late Charles)
DEAN (A.)
DEAN (R.)
DECAISNE(thelate Prof.). Paris
DE CANDOLLE (A ), Geneva. .
DEHERAIN (Professor), Paris..
DOD (Rev. C. \V.)
DODWELL(E. S.)
DOUGLAS 0-), Great Gearies,
Ilford
DOWNIE a.). EdinburRh
DRUDE (Professor), Dresden ,.
DUCHARTRE (Professor), Paris
DUTHIEfJ. F.), Saharunpore..
DYER (BERNARD) ..
DYER (Rev. T. F.)
nVER (W. T. T), F.R.S.
EARLEY (W.)
ELLACOMBE (Rev. H. N,) ..
Coffee-leaf Disease.
Orchids.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Forestry.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Alpine Plants.
Queensland Correspondence
Fruit Culture.
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology.
Australian Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Diseases of Plants.
Pomology.
Practical Gardening.
Bees.
Garden Plants.
Landscape Gardening.
Vegetable Physiology.
Notes from a Lancashire
Plant Lore. [Garden.
Garden Botany.
Orchid Notes.
Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Diseases of Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Fungi.
Australian Correspondence.
Alpine Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Succulent Plants.
Physiology of Plants.
Practical (gardening.
Floriculture.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany, &c.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Plants.
Florists' Flowers.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Chemical Analyses.
Flower Lore.
Garden Botany.
Practical Gardening,
Garden Botany,
EICHLER (Professor), Director
Imperial Botanic Garden,
Berlin
ELWES (H. J)
ENGELMANN (G), St, Louis.,
EVERSHED (H )
EYLES(G)
FEL1.0VVES(Rev. E) ..
FENZI(E,), Florence ..
FISH (D. T), Hardwicke
Gardens
FISHER (Rev. O.)
FITCH (W. H), F.L,S,
FLEMING (J), Cliveden
Gardens
FOSTER, Dr, M., F.R.S.
FROST (P.), Dropmore Gardens
GIBSON (WM.)
GILBERT (J. H.), F.R S.
GLA1SHER(J.). FR.S
GRAY (Prof. AS.'i), Boston
GREEN (Ch.arles), Pendell Court
GRIEVE (P). Bury St. Edmunds
GRINDON(LEO)
HANBURY (r.), Mentone
HART (J), Jamaica
H E E R ( Professor O. ), Zurich , ,
HEMSLEY (W. B.)
HENRY (I. ANDERSON) ..
HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra
HENSLOW(Rev. G.) ,,
HOOKER (Sir J. D,), K,C.S.I.
HORNER (Rev, F, D,)
HOWARD (J. E.), F.R.S.
HUDSON Q,), Gunnersbury
Gardens
IM THURN (EVERARD),
British Guiana
INGRAM (VV,), Belvoir Gardens
JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum
JOLY(C), Paris ..
KILLICK. (L), Maidstone
KNIGHT (H.) .,
KOLB (MAX), Munich
KRELAGE (J, H.l, Haarlem
LANGE (Prof.), Copenhagen
LA VALLEE (ALPIL), Paris
LEES(E.), F.L,S,
LEICHTLIN (MAX), Baden
Baden . ,
LINDBERG (Prof,), Helsingfors
LYNCH (R, I), Ciimbridge
Botanic Garden
MACLACHLAN (R,), F.R.S. ..
MANGLES (J. H.), F.L.S. ..
MARIES (C.)
MARTINS (Prof.), Montpellier..
MAW (G,), F,L.S
MEEHAN (T.), Philadelphia ..
MELVILLE (D.), Dunrobin
Gardens
MICHIE (C. Y.), CuUen House,
Banff
MILES (G. T,), VCycombe Abbey
Gardens . ,
MILLER (W,), Combe Abbey ,.
MONTEIRO (Chev,), Lisbon ..
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany,
Conifers,
Garden Literature,
Landscape Gardening.
Roses.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening,
Roses,
Illustrations.
Practical Gardening,
Plant Physiology.
Practical Gardening,
Town Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry,
Meteorology,
Garden Botany,
Plant Culture,
Practical Gardening,
Garden Literature
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes,
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany,
Garden Plants,
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology.
Garden Botany.
Florists' Flowers.
Cinchonas.
Flower Gardening.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Economic Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Fruit Culture.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Tree Lore.
Garden Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Insects.
Rhododendrons.
Japan Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Crocus — Garden Plants.
American Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Forestry.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
MOORE (F.), Glasnevin Botanic
Garden .. ,, .. ,. Praciical Gardening
Foreign Correspondence
Colonial Notes,
Colonial Notes.
Australian Plants.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
MORKEN (Professor), Lie'ge
MORRIS (D,), Jamaica .,
MUDD (C). South Africa
MUELLER (Baron FERD. V.),
Melbourne
MURTON (H. J.), Siam
NAUDIN(C.), Antibes ..
NELSON (C, J.), Orange Free
State . . . . , . . . Foreign Correspondence.
NESFIELD(MARKHAM) .. Landscape Gardening.
NICHOLSON (G.), Kew .. Arboretum,
OLIVER (Capt. S.) ., ,, Foreign Correspondence.
OLIVEIRA (I, D'), Oporto . Foreign Correspondence.
OLLERHEAD (J.), Wimbledon
Park Gardens Practical Craidening.
ORMEROD(Miss) .. .. Insects.
OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am-
sterdam . . . . . . . . Foreign Correspondence.
PAGET (Sir James) .. .. Diseases of Plants.
PAUL(WM.) Floriculture.
PEAKE(A. W.) Vegetable Chemistry.
PFITZERfProf.), Heidelberg .. Orchids
PHILIPS(W.)
PLANCHON (Prof), Montpellier
PLOWRIGHT(C.)
PRESTO (H.), Trinidad,.
PYNAERT(E I.Ghent ..
REGEL (E.), St, Petersburg .,
REICHENBACH (Professor) ,.
RIVERS (F,), Sawbridgeworth , .
ROBINSON (J. F.)
RODIGAS, (E,), Ghent ..
SARGENT (C. W,). Boston , ,
SAUL (M,), Stourton Gardens ..
SCHOMBURGK (Dr.). Adelaide
SCHUBELER(Pror.), Christiana
SHEPPARD (J.), Woolversion
Gardens
SIEMENS(Dr.), F.R.S.
SMITH (A.). Hyeres ..
SMITH (W. G). F.L.S.
SORAUER (Prof.), Proskau ..
SURINGAR (Professor), Leyden
SWAN (W,), Fallowfield . ,
SYME (G,). Jamaica
THURBER(G), New York ,.
TIDMARSH, Graham's Town ..
TODARO (Baron). Palermo
TRIMEN (H.), Ceylon
WALLIS (J.), Keele Gardens ..
WARD (H. W.), Longford Castle
Gardens . . . . . .
WARINGTON (R.)
WATSON (SERENO) ..
WEBSTER O-). Gordon Castle
Gardens . . . . , . . . Practical Gardening.
WEIR (H,), Brenchley .. .. Gardening for Amateui s.
WESTWOOD (Professor) , . Insects.
WILDSMITH (W,), Heckfield
Gardens Practical Gardening.
WILSON (G. F.), F.R.S., .. Lilies. &c.
WILSON (D.) Practical Gardening.
WITTMACK (Dr.), Berlin .. Foreign Correspondence.
WOLKENSTEIN.St.Petersburg Foreign Correspondence.
With many others.
Fungi— Plant Diseases.
Foreign Correspondence.
Fungi— Plant Diseases.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence,
Orchids.
Fruit Culture.
Bees,
Foreign Correspondence.
American Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Praciical Gardening.
Electric Light.
Foreign Correspondence
I lluatrations — Fungi,
Diseases of Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Orchid Culture.
Colonial Notes
American Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Garden Botany.
Colonial Notes,
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Botany.
Jl-LY 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
37
Gardenias.
MESSRS. JOHN STANDISH AND CO.'S
Stock of GARDENIAS was never so extensive or good
as it is this season. They have thousands of plants to select
from, in all sizes, from fine specimens in 18-inch pots to small
plants in 6o's. All clean and healthy, and to a large extent
well set with buds for winter fljwering. Vkry reasonaiilh
Prices will bu quoted on application.
Royal Nurseries. Ascot, Berks.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple], for climb-
ing and bedding, from \-2s. to 24J. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. VVorcester.
Hyacinths, Ttillps. Crocus, Lilies, &c.
CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready and
may be had on application to
Messrs. R. SILHERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens.
Crutched Friars, London, E.G.
Primulas — Primulas — Primulas.
Fourteenth Year of Distribution.
WILLIAMS' SUPERB STRAIN,
IS. dd. per dozen, lar. per 100.
CINERARIAS same price. Package and carriage free.
The above are quite equal to those I have sent out in previous
years. Cash wuh order.
JOHN STEVENS. The Nurseries, Coventry.
LILIUM AU RATU M~(Home-grown).—
We invile inspection of our large stock of the above,
raised from Seed of our own saving, and grown in the open
ground. Many hundreds are now coming into bloom, and
Customers would do well to see them. The Flowers are also on
Sale by the dozen or 100, and we solicit offers.
ISAAC DAVIES and SON, Nurserymen. Ormskirk,
Lancashire.
For Early Flowering in Spring. Sow now
OEMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES
the following distinct varieties, true to name : —
Per Ib.-oz. , Per lb.— oz.
R
bron:
30
Aurikel and
colours
Azure-blue
Baron de Rothschild.. 30
Blackish-brown shaded
gold-bronze.. . . -yt
Brown-red .. ..28
Dark blue . . . . 30
Dark mahogany, mar-
gined white . . 36
Dark mahogany, mar-
gined yellow . . 36
Doctor Faust, or King
of the Blacks .. 36
Emperor William .. 30
Golden- yellow . . 28
Lac -red, margined
yellow .. ..30
Light blue .. ..28
Lord Beaconsfield . . 46
Purple, margined
white .. .. '-(4
s.d.
I Quadricolor, very
2 6
2 6
2 6
2 6
3 o
beautiful ., - • 3'^
Odier, or Prize Blotch-
ed, very fine and
large flowering, per
packet, td. .. . . —
Improved striped, per
packet, i,d. .. •• 54 _
Rubra, a dwarf variety — 26
Snow Queen, satiny-
white .. . . 36 3 o
Violet, bordered white 30 2 6
30
5 o
White, violet eyes . , 34
3 o Fancy, choicest mixed,
2 6 from named flowers,
2 6 per packet, bd. . . 86 80
Show, choicest mixed,
2 6 from named flowers,
2 6 per packet, td. . . 54 50
4 0 Splendid mixed . . z8 26
Per packet of each,
3 o except those priced, yi.
Assortment of 18 splendid varieties, each one packet, "zs. dd.
Carefully saved from named -£'^/;/^i^/('« flowers, of the above
varieties, highly recomme.ided, 1000 seeds, is \ per packet, dd.
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED PRIZE VARIETIES, remark-
able for the large flowers ihey produce : 1000 seeds 8s ; packet i^.
My Pansies gave full satisfaction to all my honourable Cus-
tomers and 1st Prizes awarded wherever exhibited.
Full Trade CATALOGUE, post-free, on application.
FRED. ROEMER. Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany.
Notice.— Inspection Invited.
'T'HOMAS S. WARE
-*- has much pleasure in informing his numerous patrons and
all others interested in HARDY PLANTS, that a large portion
of his Collection is now in flower, including the following : —
PINKS, a grand collection, including Mrs. Sinkins. the
finest white ever sent out ; PICOTEES and CARNATIONS,
including Gloire de Nancy, and all of the best leading varieties ;
grand collections of PENTSTEMONS, POTENTILLAS.
and DELPHINIUMS. LILIUMS are in fine condition-
thousands of such grand varieties as colchicuro, pomponium
verum, pardalinum, pumilum, Humboldtii, Parryi, californicum,
parvum, giganteum, pardalinum, Washingtonianum, and many
others, are either in full bloom or will be in a few days ; as well
as many other BULBOUS PLANTS, CYPRIPEDIUM
SPECTABILE, ORCHIS HIRCINA, O. FOLIOSA, and
a host ofother first-class HARDY PLANTS and BULBS.
Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, London.
RIMULAS and CINERARIAS of beautiful
strains at \s. 6d. per dozen, ics. per 100, pobt-free.
TUBEROUS BEGONIAS, named, 6s. per dozen.
FUCHSIAS, named, 12 in 12 sorts, zs. ; 100 in 50 sorts, from
single pots, iir.
CHEAP PLANTS. — Wallflowers, Canterbury Bells, Sweet
Williams, Polyanthus, Primrose; — good seedlings, Zd.
per dozen. 50 for 21. ; 100 for 3.1. 6d.-
IVY, 12 beautiful varieties, for covering walls, boxes, &c.,
strong plants, 6s.
HONEYSUCKLES, CLEMATIS, in fine named sorts, gs. per
dozen, good plants.
PENTSTEMONS, PHLOXES, and PYRETHRUMS, for
display this summer, 12 roots of each, strong (not Postal
scraps), all named, loi. 6d. ; half number, 6s.
COLEUS, LANTANAS. ABUTILONS. BEGONIAS.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, for pot culture, all named
and strongly rented. 2^. 3^. per dozen, post-free.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.— Plant now and avoid losses, as
the plants will be well established before winter, and
secure good blooms for next season : 12 in 12 sorts,
3i. 6d. ; 50 in 50 sorts. 12s. 6d. ; 100 in 100 varieties. 24J.
FERNS. — 12 beautiful kinds, for cool greenhouse, distinct,
post free, 5X.
SPLENDID DAHLIAS, Show, Fancy, or Bouquet, 2J. 6d.
per dozen, all named.
GERANIUMS— Double, Single, or Ivy-leaf— for pot culture,
12 distinct and fine varieties, post-free, 4^., admirable
for winter bloom.
WM, CLIBRAN and SONS, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
CABBAGE
FOR PRESENT SOWING.
^ SUTTONS'
IMPERIAL.
The best Cab-
bage for spring
use. If sown the
first or second
week in July it
will produce
beautiful Cab-
bages for early
spring use.
Heads cone-
shaped, very
large, firm, and
of mild flavour,
^' Is. per ounce.
ENFIELD MARKET, 6d. per ounce.
SUTTONS' IMPROVED NONPAREIL, gd. per ounce.
IMPROVED EARLY DWARF YORK, Srf. per ounce.
LARGE BLOOD-RED, gaT. per ounce.
Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans) ; all goods
value 30J, Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England or
Wales.
SUTTON & SONS,
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from i8j. to 36j'. per dozen.
These World-famed KOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
^ jy«. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °*" MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the 7nost
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded in 1784.
ADDRESS ;—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
SEEDS,
VEGETABLE, FLOWER
AND
FARM,
The BEST procurable,
at the Lowest Prices consistent with
GENUINENESS.
ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE LIST on appUcatlon.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
D A N I E L S'
WHITE ELEPHANT TRIPOLI.
The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference.
Seed, with complete Cultural Directions,
\s. 6d. per packet, post-free.
Daniels Bros. ('"'iSpr.rrr"''), Norwich.
THE
SATURDAY, JULY 14, 18S3.
TOMATOS.
THERE is no product of our gardens, grown
for ordinary culinary purposes, which has
of late years received more extensive and
careful cultivation than has the Tomato or
Love Apple, the Lycopersicum esculentum of
botanists. Less than two decades have passed
away since it was — amongst us English at
least — a poor, miserable, unappreciated edible,
thought worth only, with its sharp, thick sauce
of Pickwickian notoriety, to flavour our mutton
chops, or now and again to be added in " shreds
and patches " to such of our dishes as needed a
sub-acid seasoning. Gardeners twenty-five
years back very rarely, perhaps never, grew
the plant systematically under glass, but were
contented, if they touched it at all, to put it any-
where, to treat it anyhow, for the small insigni-
ficant fruit which, under such haphazard,
disadantageous circumstances, it was bound
to produce. Its stems and side shoots
were in those, its neglected ages, suffered
to straggle along the ground, or at best
were roughly nailed to a wall, or as roughly
bound to a framework of stakes ; for in
truth most of us had but scant gustatory
inclination for the comestible, and valued it
but little above the commonest of kitchen stufis.
But times change, and we change with them ;
one has only to go into the greenhouses of the
professed Tomato grower, when that expert is
forcing the once despised fruit for the early
market, and to notice what care and solicitude
he is lavishing upon it. The plants we shall
see are either springing singly from pots filled
with suitable soil, each lovingly fastened to its
own particular tall trim staff, or else they are
flourishing together in the ground, against the
back wall of the building, festooned and fas-
tened tn the brickwork, and in both cases every
side shoot has been methodically pinched back
so as to throw vigour into the fruit-bearing
branches ; every superfluous leaflet and flower
has been removed ; water, which the plant so
loves, has been given literally and meta-
phorically//i'«o rii'o ; and as the result of these
and other skilled operations, handsome, large,
sometimes even Brobdingnagian lobulated or
globular Apple-like fruitage, " Ruddier than
the Cherry," blaze in profusion amongst
the dark green pinnated leaves. For
the Tomato has, somewhat recently, acquired a
highly popular, nay, fashionable reputation. Our
palates have been tickled by it as they have
been by many another once neglected article of
food ; doctors have given it their countenance
and approval — have assigned to its use not
only nutritious but highly medicinal virtues ;
epicures have fallen in with professional views ;
and so it has come to pass that an immense
spurt has been given to this garden industry ;
and in our markets, where heretofore the fruits
might have been counted by tens of bushels, if
we take the trouble to stroll — say in a month or
so — we may be able to reckon it up by thou-
sands of these measures, ^yhen it is brought
to light that one grower alone in Jersey exported
38
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 14, 1883.
last year upwards of 5 tons of this now much-
sought-for esculent — that he has at this very
moment several thousand plants in bloom and
berry, expecting to yield at least 10 tons — that
even the aforesaid 5 tons of 1882 represent but
about one-fifth of the whole quantity grown in
the little land — Jersey and the other Channel
Islands seem particularly suited to the habits
and idiosyncracies of the Love Apple — it can
well be realised how it has at last awoke to
find itself famous amongst us.
It may fairly be said that it is our American cousIds
who, more than any other race of consumers, have
indoctrinated us with the present predilection for the
bonne houche we are telling about, for although the
French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and even the
German chefs de cuisine ie^X liberally with the material
in the dainty dishes they set before their guests, they
pale in extent of usage before the Yankee cordon Mm,
for he knows that neither at a meal nor a "snack "
will Brother Jonathan forego his much relished To-
ma-to. Any one who has been in the United States
and dined at 2 iable d'hoie there, must have remarked
with what a sort of ioujours perdrix persistency this
fruit or vegetable — accept which you please — enters
into the daily menu, to wit, in purees and thinner
soups ; in entrees; with removes ; baked, boiled,
stewed, stuffed ; in pies, patties, and pastries ; in
salads, with other herbs, or alone ; in pickles and
sauces ; in conserves, '' with sugar and spice and
everything nice," — in short, in all ways, suitable or un-
suitable, into which the thing can be wriggled.
And moreover he, the traveller, must have taken
note, that the American diner never refuses to taste
and try the welcome //^^ in all its multifarious shapes,
his appetite for it apparently increasing by what it
feeds on.
No longer therefore can the bright and attractive
eatable be considered of unimportance in our better
class of dietary, no longer need it hide its diminished
head in Covent Garden, or in the windows of our best
fruiterers, as if afraid to acknowledge itself as apper-
taining to the same family of big brothers of the Con-
tinent or across the Atlantic. The British grown
fruit is now-a-days cheek by jowl in size and succu-
lency with its foreign confrere, and certainly has no
reason to be ashamed of its dwarflshness when it is
known that the Jersey grower alluded to above hat
produced hundreds of single Tomatos each weighing
over I lb., and last season showed a monster, which
turned the scale at more than 28 oz.
With the outward and visible signs of the tiny
Tomato bush, so to call it, and its fructification, we
as gardeners are all familiar ■ — a green, straggling,
hairy annual, with a herbaceous stem of many
branches, or rather offshoots ; its leaves pinnate with
irregularly serrated sides, its flowers small, and yellow
in colour. The fruit is a fleshy berry, in shape either
round or ovate, and mostly lobulated if of the latter
form. Carpels constitute its anatomical construc-
tion, each compartment being filled with small flat
fluffy seeds ; and it is a curious fact, that the quicker
and better the fruit is grown, the fewer the number of
seeds the cells contain. Its original habitat is traced
to Mexico and South America, but it has also been
found wild in the East Indies, where tradition says
the Spaniards took it. It has been pretty well
acclimatised all over Europe; whole fields of it may
be seen near Rome, and one would hardly err widely
in dubbing it a weed in many parts of America. Prof.
Lindley and other botanists place it in the natural order
Solanaceae, as every one is aware of, a division of the
vegetable kingdom of far-spread location and diversi-
fied character, some being highly poisonous, some
irritant, some stimulant, and some edible and
nutritious the Potato, the Egg-plant (the Brinjal of
Hindostan), the Peruvian winter Cherry, the
Tomato, and others for instance. It is perhaps un-
known to the general reader, that the Mandrake
(Mandragora officinalis), the Dudaim of Hebrew holy
writ, belongs to this order, and was once popularly
known by the same name as the Tomato — ** Love
Apple," and why so? Because the juice of both
entered into the love potions or philters Of the
witches of old.
Subjected to chemical analysis the Tomato has
given forth tartaric acid, both free and in combination
with potash ; a volatile oil, a resinous extract, starch,
sugar, mucilage, and other vegetable matter. The
whole plant exhales a peculiar odour, highly disagree-
able to some persons, and when burnt in the fire the
noxious character of a Solanum crops up ; for the
vapour arising is so strong and narcotic that vertigo
and syncope are often induced. The writer knows of
a case where the burning of a heap of the fresh stems
of the plant after fruiting brought on sickness and
fainting in those within the range of the smoke.
It has been hinted at that medicinal properties are
attributed to the Love Apple. " Parallax," in Earth
Life, some seven or eight years back, ranked it above
the old-fashioned, and in some places still accredited,
virtues of Rue and Fennel in their benefits to human
eyesight. Quoting from John of Milan's Regimen
Sanitaiis Saleini, a work so antediluvian that it was
written for the behoof of no less important a person-
age than William the Conqueror, he, "Parallax,"
first dwells upon the therapeutical uses of Fennel and
Rue:—
" Four virtues in the Fennel are allowed :
It quails the ague when it grows too proud ;
Poison it soon expels, the stomach cleareth,
Sharpens the sight, and comfortably cheereth."
Then, anent Rue, says —
' ' Needs must we call Rue noble by the right,
Because it clears and perfectelh the sight ;"
and adds to these two herbs what, in his opinion and
experience, outvies them both, viz., the extractive
principle of the Tomato, which he elects to name
'.'Tomatine." He tells us how to make it, how to
administer it ; states that the crude fruit may be eaten
ad libitum, and that upon all the powers immediately
connected with the brain— f.i?., the sight, hearing,
taste, and smell — its action is marked, uniform, and
felicitous.
If this be the case here exists, then, another reason
for the still further pushing the cultivation of the
Lycopersicon esculentum, and for our rivalling the
American in its consumption, H. L. C.
MASDEVALLIA MARGINELLA, n. jr/.*
A MASDEVALLIA of the " Coriaceffi " group, said to
have been imported with Reichenbachiana and totally
distinct from that aberrant Reichenbachiana (?) one of
my most enthusiastic southern correspondents is now
watching. It has a short-stalked broad spatulate leaf,
and the peduncle is one or two-flowered. The cupula is
very well developed, and its triangles and tails are bent
outwards in a surprising manner. The odd triangle
is shorter, and has its tail a little ascending. The
tails are scarcely equal or superior to the length of
the cupula and triangles. The whole body of the
flower (viz., cupula and triangle) is white, and the
three main ribs, which run out in the tails, are green,
the tails themselves being green with orange border
and orange inside. The petals are ligulate apiculate
with antrorse angle, white. Lip pandurate, anterior
part much smaller, nearly reniform, with very few
very small teeth. All the lip is white, washed with
ochre at base and with an orange spot at the top.
Column white, with two upright small teeth at the
apex. I had some peduncles and a leaf from Mr, F.
Sander. //. G. Rchb. f
Plagiolirion Horsmani, genus novum \
This is a new genus of bulbous Araaryllidacea;,
with monadelphous stamens, allied to Eucharis,
Eucrosia and Callipsyche. It is about intermediate
* Maidtvalliai^CoriaceiE) mar^inella, n. sp. — Folio brevi peti-
olato cuneato obavato ; pedunculo uno seu bifloro ; bractea ovario
pedicellato multo longiori, tubo ampliusculo triangulis caudisque
cum lubo abrupte angulatis triangulo imparl brevissimo in cau-
dam rigidam extenso. triangulis inferioritaus njajoribus in caudas
ri^idas subdeflexas extensis ; tepalis ligulatis apiculatis introrsum
angulatis, labello basi rotundato subcordato ample ligulat j ante
apicem constricto, patte antica subreniformi denticulato, hinc
quasi pandurato; androclinio postice bidentato. Flores albi
carinis netvorum principalium caudisque viridibus margine ac
intus aurantiacis. Ac a eel. mere. Sander. H. G. Rchb.f.
t Ptagioiiriim Horsmani, genus novum. — Perianthii tubus
brevis eylindricus, limbo obiiquo tubo duplo longiori, segmentis
6 a;qitalibus lanceolatis, flore expanse faleatis aseendentibus.
Stamina limbo duplo breviora ad tubi faucem inserta, filamentis
basi monadelphis aseendentibus, dentibus interstamineis
minutis lanceolatis, anlheris parvis oblongis versatilibus.
Ovarium globoso-trigonum triloculare, ovulis in loculo paucis ;
stylus filiformis ascendens, stigmate integro. Fruetus adhuc
ignotus verisimiliter capsularis. Herba acaulis Columbiana,
habitu Eucharidis, bnlbo magno globoso tunicato, cello elongato ;
foliis petiolatis oblengis post ftorationem productis ; seapo solido
compresso, umbellis 8 — lo floris : spathffi valvis mulcts parvis
lanceolatis membranaceis, flore parvo candido.
between the two first-named genera. It has the
bulb, leaves and white flowers of Eucharis, but the
flowers are much smaller, with narrower segments ; the
limb is oblique and ascending when fully expanded,
and the assurgent filaments are crowded round the
neck of a short staminal tube, with a small lanceolate
tooth between each. It has just been flowered by
Messrs. F. Horsman & Co., of Colchester, from bulbs
imported from Columbia. It is very curious and
interesting botanically ; but the flowers are too small
for it to rival the four species of Eucharis (grandiflora,
Candida, Sanderi, and subedentata) as a garden
favourite.
Bulb ovoid, ij inch in diameter, with brown
membranous tunics of firm texture, prolonged round
the cylindrical neck for 2 inches, and a dense tuft
at the base of fleshy root fibres. Leaves not produced
till after the flowers, resembling those of Eucharis,
two or three to a stem, with a petiole and a large
oblong lamina, bright green on the upper surface,
pale green beneath, with numerous distinct parallel
veins striking off obliquely from the thick conspicuous
midrib. Scape under I foot long in the specimen
seen, rather compressed, solid. Flowers unscented,
protandrous, ten or twelve in an umbel, bracteated by
several linear or lanceolate spathe-valves, produced in
June or July. Pedicels about J inch long. Ovary
green, globose-trigonous, with two or three ovules at
or near the base of each of the three cells. Perianth
under I inch long, with a green cylindrical tube half
as long as the six white lanceolate segments, which,
in the fully expanded flower, four of them ascend
and two spread nearly horizontally. Stamens decli-
nate, inserted at the throat of the perianth-tube, net
more than half as long as the limb, united at the base
in a narrow tube, with a minute lanceolate tooth
between each filament ; anthers small, oblong, ver-
satile, milk-white. Style assurgent, entire. J. G,
Baker.
Rodkiguezia Leeana, k. sp.*
A mighty curious novelty, apparently the strongest
of all the known species. Pseudobulbs ancipitous, ligu-
late, nearly 2 inches long by two-thirds wide. Leaf
linear-ligulate, acute, of a foot's length. The raceme
is no doubt pendulous, or, at least, porrect, and bears
who knows how many flowers. I have the impres-
sion that my four-flowered peduncle is only the apex.
Flowers as large as those of the best Rodriguezia Can-
dida. Stalked ovary, light mauve. Upper sepal
ligulate, acute, white, yellowish on mid-line. Lateral
sepals white, with yellow mid-line, quite connate, and
totally sigmoid. Petals ligulate. Lip unguiculate, blade
shouldered at the base, getting broader and broader
up to the refuse apex. It is also white, and has two
long linear yellow keels, every keel having four small
lateral keels spreading outwards. The spur is solid,
linear acute, and is half the length of the lateral
sepals. This is one of the three fine characters of the
flower, the others being the keels and the columnar
appendages. Column white, with numerous mauve
spots. Apiculi upright, dark purple. Arms linear,
refuse.
Mr. Lee had this plant from Mr. J. Sander, It
appears to be the first novelty flowered in the much
bespoken and admired Cattleya hall, and thus it must
bear its master's name. It had been called Burling-
tonia, or Rodriguezia fragrans. That, however, is an
obscure plant, apparently seen by no living man, only
known by Mr. Descourtilz's sketch, immediately re-
cognized by its larger and wider bulbs, shorter and
broader leaves, a totally distinct system of calli, and
distinct arms to the columns. Nothing is known about
its spur. This Burlingtonia fragrans runs through
the brains of those in the trade like a spectre, and I
remember many instances of having had the name
— name only — during the last thirty years. H. G,
Rchb. f.
Weight of Seeds of Coniferous Trees.
— In the current number of Forestry, Mr. E. J. C.
Preece gives an interesting and valuable table show-
ing the average number of seed of each kind contained
in one gramme's weight (15 grains). While the
Stone Pine, Pinus Pinea, has only \\ seed to the
gramme, Abies Menziesii is credited with the vast
number of 1000, Some of the figures are rather
surprising.
* Rodriguezia Leeana, n. sp. — Pseudebulbe ligulato bipol-
licari : folio lincari lanceolate acuminate, pedali ; pedunculo
plurifloro ; sepale imparl ligulato acuto; sepalis lateralibus con-
natis sigmoideis flexis ; tepalis obloneo-ligulatis acutis, labelli
ungue lineari, lamina a basi abrupta dilatata retusa, carinis
longitudinalibus geminis, ulrirque carinulis quatemis obliqiiis
retrersis ; calcari solido lineari acuto maximo, tiimidium sepalini
corporis squanti ; columns apieulis apiculatis ', bracteis lineari-
bus retusis. £xc, Lee dicata.
July 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
39
BEGONIAS AT STANSTEAD
PARK.
Not even the most hopeful of those who saw with
somelhing like amazement the introduction of Be-
gonia Veitchii,|B. Sedeni, B. boliviensis, B. Pearcei,
and the other varieties which soon followed, could
have imagined to what extraordinarily beautiful
things they were to lead, or that they would ever live
to see such a show of flowering Begonias as that now
to be seen at Messrs. Laing & Co.'s Nurseries, Forest
Hill. Even those who now see at our exhibitions
the tine things shown by this firm are not aware of
the variety and perfection to which their Begonias
have been brought, for the simple reason that many
of the best are not yet exhibited, seeing that there is
yet no prospect of stock sufficient to allow of their
being sent out. Among these grand novelties may
be mentioned varieties in which two or more colours
are distinctly displayed in the same flower, varieties
in which the petals of the usually small-flowered
female flowers are enlarged until they equal in beauty
the male flowers, and are even more perfect in form
than they ; and double varieties in which the enormous
flowers are made up of a number of smaller ones, after
the manner of the " Hen and Chickens " Daisy (see
p. 262, of our vol. xviii. for 18S2). These and other
great strides in Begonia improvement, together with
many other new features foreshadowed among Messrs.
Laing's 200,000 or 300,000 seedlings, pjint to the fact
that ihe days of the Begonia are young yet. It is
well that it should be so, for any one can grow them —
the possessor of a frame to start them in, and a place
which keeps the frost out to store them, almost as
well as he who has a number of glass structures at his
command.
Years of careful hybridisation at the Stanstead
Park Nurseries has almost put the Continental
varieties out of the field by introducing a race superior
in every way, but more particularly in substance and
persistence of flower, the home-raised varieties being
found to last much longer, and to bear removal from
place to place much better than the Continental kinds ;
and this does away with the most often urged com-
plaint against tuberous Begonias. Those who have
seen the Messrs. Laing's varieties exhibited cannot fail
to have noticed how well they travel. At Stanstead
Park Nurseries the large span-house {too feet by
20 feet) is filled with a grand display of plants,
many of them measuring 5 feet across, their blooms
being of all shades between white and maroon,
the flowers of many of the varieties being 5 inches
in diameter. When plants are covered with
such blooms as these, it may be imagined how
beautiful they are, but the magnificent display can
never be fully realised without seeing them in their
home. From the roof of the house depend baskets
filled with such varieties as Dr. Masters (the old
variety). And these serve to illustrate another great
use for this class of Begonia. Perhaps no known
greenhouse plant could give so much bloom through-
out the summer with so little trouble.
Among the new varieties for 1SS3 the best six
appear to be Golden Gem, a perfect yellow flower ;
Marchioness of Bute, an immense rosy-pink kind ;
Marquis of Bute, one of the largest, bright carmine ;
Dr. Masters (new variety), a dark red-crimson, and
one of the best for exhibition ; Lady Brooke, dark
rose, shaded violet-magenta ; and Snowflake, a grand
pure white. Among doubles for this year, Formosa,
rosy-carmine, with white centre, and having a bloom
like a double Hibiscus, is very distinct; and Sir
Garnet, dark orange-scarlet ; Rosamond, fresh rose ;
Queen of Scots, pink ; Mrs. Ludlow, white, tinted
with pink ; and Princess of Wales, are all of first
merit. Prominent among the varieties in commerce
on account of their large showy flowers and distinct
colours are General Roberts, bright dark amaranth ;
Exoniensis, orange-scarlet ; Arthur G. Soames, crim-
son-scarlet ; Empress of India, pure yellow ; Sulphur
Queen, primrose ; and Lady Trevor Lawrence : this
last is one of the most beautiful and distinct Begonias
in the whole house, its large orange-yellow flowers
being tipped with Indian- red, and its foliage, of the
Pearcei type, being very pretty. Two of the kinds
certificated this year also are very fine, viz., Mrs.
Anson, very large, rosy-salmon ; and W. H. Walter,
a grand vermilion-scarlet.
At the Stanstead Park Nurseries all forms of
Begonia culture may be seen, some being grown in
houses (one house containing 4000 doubles), some in
frames, and over 100,000 are planted outdoors ; all
are in excellent health, the discovery of a mixture to
destroy what is called Begonia disease by Mr. Laing's
grower rendering them free on that score.
MUSHROOM GROWING.
So much has been written on this subject lately
that it may soem superfluous to write another line
about it. But successful practice is always worth
recording. In some respects it may alTord suggestions
of value which may not have been made public by
any one else. I have a friend, one of the most intel-
ligent amateurs I know, and he h.as been so singularly
successful in growing Mushrooms, sufficient for him-
self, and an abundant surplus for sale, under the stage
of his greenhouse during the winter, and out-of-doors
during the warmer months of the year, that I was led
to ask him to describe his practice, which I have now
much pleasure in submitting to my fellow amateurs.
I subjoin his communication in full : —
" You ask me to write you a treatise on Mushroom
growing ; but the subject has already been so tho-
roughly discussed in many of our horticultural publi-
cations that I am afraid I can give you no fresh
information, and for my pains shall only be accused
of plagiarism. However, having been now for some
years a tolerably successful grower, I have no right to
keep the secret to myself, but will try and make the
system as plain to you as it is easy to me. There used
to be an old theory that horse-droppings were the
only material of which a Mushroom bed could success-
fully be made, and for some years I laboured under
the same delusion myself, until the difficulty of pro-
curing such a material, pure and simple, drove me to
the more primitive, and certainly more effective, prac-
tice of using stable manure, straw and all, just as it
leaves the stable (the horses should be corn-fed, and
the manure as fresh as possible). With such an appli-
ance failure should be unknown. The art, if I may
so term it, lies in the after-treatment. I am in the
habit of leaving the manure when brought and roughly
forked out of the waggon to ferment for two or three
days, and then turning it some five or six times until
the rank heat and smell have subsided. Each time it
is turned, like good housewives, we turn 'sides into
middles,' and as the turning proceeds shake in a little
rubbish, such as weeds or long grass from the bottom
of an untidy fence, together with a slight sprinkling
of good rich loam. This tends much to sweeten the
compost, which, after the turnings I have enumerated,
will have become what gardeners term quite 'short.'
It is then in a fit state to form a bed, and we proceed
thus : — Mark out a space in a good open situation (by
no means under trees) 4 feet wide, and in length
according to the quantity of manure ; we shake it
thoroughly as we go on, so that the ingredients may
be well incorporated, treading it firmly and beating it
well with the back of the fork, so that it may be per-
fectly solid by the time it is finished. The best form
for the bed is that of an equilateral triangle, for out-
door cultivation ; and under cover I prefer a slight
slope to a level surface. I then insert pointed sticks
at intervals all over the bed, and leave it for three or
four days, by which time the heat will probably be at
its strongest. It is desirable that the manure during
its preparation should not be exposed to much rain,
as any excess of moisture is fatal to the spawn. After
this we withdraw the sticks daily, to feel the tempera-
ture, and as soon as it begins to decline and becomes
about equal to that of milk fresh from the cow, s?y
70" to So° Fahr., we insert lumps of spawn about
double the size of a Walnut, about 6 or 8 inches apart
all over the bed, ' tucking ' it in about 3 inches under
the surface. The bed is then left for a few days, and if
the heat still continues to decline gradually it may be
moulded over with good loamy garden soil, free from
stones, to the depth of some 3 or 4 inches, and the
work is done.
" I need not tell you that the beds must be kept
dark, or, in other words, covered with straw or dried
bracken, which will protect them from cold winds
and rain, as well as from being scorched by the sun,
either of which would be prejudicial to success. Beds of
this description may be made at any time of the year,
but for a main crop and for length of bearing we find
September one of the best months, and in ordinary
seasons Mushrooms will appear about the beginning
or middle of March following, continuing till the end
of June or beginning of July. One word of caution
about gathering the Mushrooms — I use the word ad-
visedly— they should always be gathered (giving them
a slight twist), but never on any account should they
be cut ; the old stems thus left in the bed only breed
insects which prey upon the young Mushrooms, and
will often destroy a whole crop. Care, too, should
be taken in gathering the crop not to loosen or dir-
turb adjacent ones, as they never take root again, and
only wither away. I think if you follow these simple
directions you may almost insure a crop, more or less ;
but some seasons are undoubtedly more favourable
than others to the growth of all fungi. I have ob-
served them closely now for some years, and not only
aretheyinflencedby the seasons, l>ut you will invariably
find that they grow quicker and more luxuriantly when
the moon is increasing than when it is decreasing.
"I know that frequent complaints are made of
failures in Mushroom growing, but these arise only
from want of care in the preparation of the material,
and when Mushrooms are once established, or rather
when their cultivation is thoroughly understood, it is
astonishing in what queer places they will make their
appearance from time to time. I have not unfre-
quently had them push up in quite small flower-pots,
when the soil in which the plants were potted had
been mixed with the remnant of some old exhausted
Mushroom-bed. Under cover— say under the stage
of a greenhouse, which is a very useful place to turn
to such account during the winter — the temperature
should range between 50° and 55° ; but never exceed
the latter, or the produce will become weak and
'spindly,' and very soon cease altogether. Close
covering with some loose material will, to a great
extent, prevent evaporation ; but should the surface
of the beds become very dry, a slight syringing with
salt and water is all that will be required."
While I am writing on this subject I may mention
(or the benefit of those who have pastures which yield
Mushrooms, that the fertiliser called " Fungofime,"
recently advertised in these columns by a most
respectable man, whom I know very well, has, in
this neighbourhood, when applied to grass land, the
reputation of encouraging the growth of this fungus
in a most astonishing manner. Philanthes.
LILIUMS IN FLOWER.
L. HuMBOLDTi, Roezl and Leicht. — This elegant
species is flowering very freely this year ; the flowers
are perhaps rather smaller than usual, but they are
very numerous. The characteristics of this very dis-
tinct Lily are briefly summarised as follows: — Stem
from 3 — 5 feet high, stout, green, with reddish spots,
sometimes rather glaucous. Leaves usually in whorls
of from 10 — 20 in number, regular, more or less lan-
ceolate, undulate, somewhat scabrous, of a deep
green colour. Flowers from 6—30, in large panicles
with nodding pedicels. Perianth 3 — 4 inches long,
segments sharply revolute, of a bright orange-red
colour, thickly spotted with claret-coloured dots.
Mr. Baker makes it a variety of canadense, Card.
Chron. 1 87 1, 1 165. It is also the L. canadense
pub,erulum,Torr. ; L. Bloomerianum, Kellogg. Native
of California, abundant on the higher basal hills of
the Sierra Nevada, found also along the coast ranges
from Santa Barbara to San Diego. There is no difii-
culty attending its cultivation if the position it occupies
is well drained. I have several bulbs, and they have
been undisturbed in the same position for four years ;
the subsoil is very sandy, overlying a thick stratum of
red sandstone, so they enjoy a thorough drainage : the
result is, the bulbs have and are now rapidly increasing,
and they flower freely every year. It does not like
pot culture, but planted out is certainly one of the
least troublesome Lilies. I may here say that I have
known it to do well in stiff soil, with artificial
drainage.
L. Washingtonianum, Kellogg, Proc. Calif.
Acad., ii., 13; Baker, Card. Chron. 1S71, 709, fig.
142. — Stems 3 — 5 feet high, terete, smooth. Leaves
in several whorls, from 6 — 12 in each whorl, oblan-
ceolate, smooth, 3 — 4 inches long. Flowers numer-
ous, in a close or lengthened raceme, with ascending
pedicels. Perianth more or less funnel-shaped, whitish,
tinged, and changing to purplish-red, very fragrant ;
segments 3 — 4 inches long, \ — \ inch broad, not
reflexed. Native of California and Oregon. More
or less plentiful on the western slopes of the
Sierra Nevada and the Cuyumaca Mountains.
Syn. L. Bartrami, Nuttall. There is a variety
named by Dr. Masters purpureum, which is syn-
onymous with L. rubescens, Watson, a much more
slender and smaller plant. Flowers in umbels,
when first expanded nearly white, "but changing
to a deep purple red, with revolute segments. This
form occurs along the coast range from. Marin to
Humboldt Counties, and it is earlier flowering, and
40
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
fJULY 14, 1883.
certainly not so decorative a plant as the typical form.
The latter, like the preceding species, must have
a well drained position, and it enjoys rich soil ; for
example, some bulbs were planted in good fibrous
loam, leaf soil, and well-decayed cow-manure and
sand in about equal proportions, while other bulbs
of the same batch were planted in the ordinary soil of
the same bed by the side of their more highly-fed com-
panions, the result being that the latter are very much
finer in every respect. I have other bulbs which have
been planted over four years in the same position ; this
season they are much reduced in size, which un-
doubtedly arises from the exhausted condition of the
soil, so when the stems die down they will be lifted
and replanted. Liiiiim, Jidy 7.
HARDY PLANTS IN FLOWER.
Primula suffrutescens. —This is a new and
scarce Californian species, introduced by Mr. Ware,
of Tottenham, or I believe he was the first to bring it
before the public in this country. I have two plants,
obtained from him, and I now take the following
brief description from them : — Stems long, straggling,
and sub-woody ; leaves narrow, spathulate dentate at
the apices, i^ — 2 inches long, and about 4 lines across
the widest portion ; peduncle about 6 inches high,
terete, smooth, umbellate at the top; pedicels \~\
inch long ; calyx about two-thirds as long as the
corolla lube, 4 lines long, cut about half-way down;
segments ovate acute; corolla funnel shaped, about
f inch across the limb, rich rosy-purple, with a dis-
tinct yellow eye ; segments obcordate, about 3 lines
wide. It is a very pretty species, but, I am afraid,
rather delicate, and liable to die away. It should be
planted or potted in very gritty soil, and the growing
portions securely fastened between nodules of lime-
stone. I have not fully tested its hardiness, but the
best results have up to the present time been obtained
by keeping it in a frame, potted in the way described
above. 7".
AsTRAGALtrs ALOPECUROIDES. — This IS one of a
very large genus, many of which are useless as deco-
rative plants, but there are several honestly worth
being at a little trouble to cultivate ; the true subject
of this note is one of them. I say true, because one
so frequently finds other worthless species substituted
for it. I have at different times received not less
than five different species f:)r it, but am glad to have
the right plant at last. It grows about 2 feet high,
with long pinnate glaucous leaves. Flowers in dense
axillary clusters, each about \ inch long, of a pale
yellow colour, the calyces thickly covered with long
silky hairs. There are several flower bunches to each
shoot at different heights, so the plant presents a very
pleasing and not showy appearance. It is a native of
Spain, and is figured in Pallas' Species A sttagaloriim^
S. I find it quite hardy, but rather difficult to in-
crease except by seeds, which germinate freely
enough, but are rather difficult to obtain. I have
tried several times to root cuttings, but have had only
very poor results. T^
Campanula glomerata alba. — A most useful
border plant, with pure white flowers in dense heads,
like those of the typical form. The variety pallida is
also very desirable, with very pale blue flowers.
They are invaluable for cutting, most easily increased,
and quite hardy. T,
Erodium macrodeni'JM. — A very pretty hardy
rock-plant, with light green finely divided leaves, and
small cymes of flowers each about | inch across,
resembling a miniature show Pelargonium ; the three
lower petals are white veined with light purple ; the
two upper ones have deeper purple veins, and a large
plum-coloured blotch upon each. It flowers most
profusely from May until very late in the year, enjoy-
ing a well-drained position on the rockery, and it may
be increased by cuttings or seeds. T.
CEnothera speciosa. — In my opinion this is one
of the finest hardy plants known in our collections.
It is now a mass of pure white flowers, and its flower-
ing period is somewhat lengthened. It grows with
me from 2—3 feet high, the extremities of the
branches being crowded with pure white flowers quite
3 inches across. I have seen it grow much taller in
some places, but as a rule the height is under 3 feet.
I remember seeing a fine patch at Messrs. Cannell's,
of Swanley, about a year since, very dwarf in habit
and wonderfully floriferous. This increases freely
enough by division or cuttings ; the latter strike freely
now in a cold frame, and they will make excellent
plants for next season's flowering. T.
Spir^a aruncus, — A grand plant, not by any
means so abundant as it should be in our gardens,
owing to its very distinct and effective appearance. Of
course there are positions in the garden where it
would be out of place, but there are many others to
which it would give additional beauty. We have yet
much to learn or appreciate in the arrangement of
hardy plants. Here is a plant which may be fittingly
arranged in the shrubberies, by the margins of lakes,
surrounded (taste would suggest) by dark foliaged
subjects, such as the Copper Beeches or Nuts, when
the white feathery plumes would be seen to much
greater advantage than otherwise disposed. I may
say, for the benefit of those unacquainted with the
plant, that it grows from 3—4 feet high, with large
divided foliage, and immense plumes of white flowers,
forming when established most conspicuous objects.
I lately saw several masses 3 and 4 feet in diameter,
and as much high, and nothing could surpass their
un*que beauty. 7".
Erodium Reichardi.— This is a favourite little
alpine of mine, forming dense spreading little tufts
with dark green reniform leaves, and solitary flowers
upon slender peduncles from 2 — 3 inches long. The
corollas are about \ inch across ; petals white, veined
with purple. Although such an inconspicuous mem-
ber of the Heron's-bill genus, yet it commands respect
because of its long blooming period, for it is quite
astonishing what a large number of flowers it pro-
duces. It requires a well-drained sunny position, and
is not easily propagated except by seed. It was well
figured in the Botanical Magazine, vol. i., t. iS,
where Mr. Curtis, writing in the year 17S7, says :^
** It has been known for several years about London
under the name of acaule, a name I should have been
disposed to adopt had not Prof. Murray previously
described it under the name of Reichardi, in compli-
ment to a French gentleman who first discovered it
in the island of Minorca." Of course it was named
in the Botanical Magazine Geranium Reichardi. 7',
Lathyrus Drummondi, — This is certainly one
of the handsomest Everlasting Peas we possess ; so
d.lTerent in colour from the rest, except L. rotundi-
folius, which closely resembles it, but the lauer has not
nearly so good a constitution as the subject of this
note. It forms a large bush from 4 — 5 feet high,
thickly covered with large racemes of bright red
flowers individually nearly or quite as large as those
of L. laiifolius. It is very vigorous growing and
freely branched, but of course its chief merit is the
colour of the flowers, so highly decorative and ser-
viceable for cutting. It is one of those good things
soliberallydistributed by the Rev. Mr. Ellacombe, Sen,,
but is siill extremely rare ; indeed, it has scarcely
found its way into dealers' collections, consequently
the bulk of hardy plant fanciers are without it. I
recently saw three large masses in one favoured gar-
den, which were indeed a picture. 7*., July 9.
Messrs. Backhouse, of York, send a collection
of choice herbaceous plants in excellent condition.
Among them we may name grand spikes of Orchis
foliosa and O. maculata superba, the lovely Calochor-
lus venustus, the gorgeously coloured Gaillardia
grandiflora, Lilium pardalinum, and L. puberulum,
in which, however, we see nothing puberulous,
together with the following, of which a more detailed
note may be given : —
Allium acuminatum, wiih simple many-rayed
umbels of pinkish star-shaped flowers, each about
I inch across, the six segments ovate lanceolate, with
the greenish midrib prolonged into a long point,
whence the name. Unfortunately it possesses the
powerful odour of Onions to a high degree.
Gentiana ARVERNENSIS. — A charming species, of
medium height, with sessile lanceolate leaves and
terminal erect flowers, each about 2 inches long; the
calyx is funnel-shaped, with a long tube and linear
oblong segments of the same length. The corolla is
nearly twice the length of the calyx, tubular, oblong,
dilated in the centre, with five longitudinal folds, and
the limb divided into five shallow ovate acute lobes,
the sinuses between which are slightly toothed. The
colour is Napoleon-blue.
Campanula turbinata, with its broad bowl-
shaped purplish-blue flowers, requires no further
notice.
C, Van Houtte is a tall-growing form, the upper
leaves of which are sessile, broadly lanceolate,
acuminate, irregularly toothed, and rough. The
flowers are borne in pairs, one above another, on
long stalks, the upper flower the youngest (unilateral
cymes). Each corolla is nodding, 3 inches long,
tubular, bell-shaped, rich purple, and surrounded at
the base by a short funnel-shaped calyx, the limb of
which is divided into five lanceolate spreading lobes.
C. macrantha is another noble tall-growing
species, the upper leaves sessile, broadly lanceolate,
serrulate, rough. The numerous deep purple flowers
are borne in erect racemes, at the end of the stems.
Each flower measures about 2 inches in length with
a cup-shaped downy calyx dividing Into five linear
lanceolate spreading segments, supporting a tubular
bell-shaped erect or spreading corolla, dividing at the
limb into five lanceolate segments.
C. macrantha alba is if possible even more
stately. The habit is the same as in the preceding,
but the flowers are white.
Roses in Pots. — The Roses planted out in the
open ground are now in glorious bloom ; the clean
healthy foliage, like the flowers, full of life and
beauty ; a striking contrast to the pot Roses as they
are seen in many private gardens. I say nothing
about the healthy well-grown plants of all sizes to be
seen in such nurseries as that of " the old Che.shunt*'
firm, where sturdy veterans a quarter of a century old
vie in health and genera! excellence with those of but
two or three summers. The only reference that need
be made to the Roses in question is that those who
wish to excel in the pot-culture of the queen of
flowers should pay Mr. Paul a visit, and try to obtain
a chat with the foreman in charge of the Roses under
glass and in pots. Many of my readers I know can-
not do this, consequently the next best thing will be
for me to try to offer a few practical remarks on the
culture of Roses in pots.
As the Roses come into flower out-of-doors those
which have been flowering under glass ought
to be over, and at that time there is usually consider-
able pressure of work in the greenhouse and hothouse
departments ; so the poor unfortunate Roses, that
have so very recently charmed with their sweetness
and beauty, are turned out into some out-of-the-way
corner, where they often suffer from the two most
serious ills of pot-Rose life — greenfly and mildew ;
added to these I have actually seen the leaves well
furnished with red-spider and orange fungus, wilh an
occasional vigorous sucker from Brier and Manetti
slock.
It is alter the blooming period is over that the
Rose is neglected, and the Rose cannot bear neglect
at any time. How, indeed, can it be expected to
produce strong healthy blooming wood next )ear if it
is prevented from producing good well-matured wood
after flowering? It is difficult to keep Roses clean
and healthy under glass during the hot weather in
May ; the only thing is to watch for the first appear-
ance of any of the ills that afflict the Rose. It is very
easy to manage the Roses if they are kept clean while
making their growth. Fumigate on the very first
appearance of greenfly, keeping ever in mind the
golden rule for gardeners, that prevention is easier,
and far better, than cure. Dust wiih sulphur for
mildew and all fungoid diseases. Syringe underneath
the leaves to keep red-spider off them. For orange
fungus cut off the affected parts. Remember, too,
that the Rose loves air and light ; take a little pains
to get the plants as near as possible to the glass. One
day a man whom I thought was an excellent gardener
(indeed, I know he is in some things), said to me,
"Your plants are too near the glass to do well."
Most gardeners know that Roses, at least, do beat
near the glass ; and if they are not doing well almost
hugging the glass roof, it will not mend matters to
push them away from it. Well then, we have as
essentials to success, cleanliness, abundance of air and
light. All these can be obtained easily.
In as few words as possible I will give our routine
of culture for one year. At present all the hardy
July 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
41
Roses, such as the hybrid perpeluals, Bourbons,
hybrid Bourbons, &c., ought to be out-of-doors,
making clean and healthy growth in an open posi-
tion, but sheltered from the south-west winds which
come up strong from that direction in the autumn.
Tea Roses rather like a glass shelter all the year
round. If aphis and mildew appear when they are
out-of-doors the whole plant may be dipped or
syringed with soft-soapy water in which a handful or
two of flowers of sulphur has been stirred. Of course
they must be watered judiciously, and be frequently
syringed to prevent or destroy red-spider, to which
some varieties are more attractive than others. This
pest browns the leaves, causing them to drop before
their time, a catastrophe which prevents the ripening
of the wood and other disastrous results. The time
for repotting is before the leaves drop in the autumn.
Whether it be fruit trees, Roses, or any other class of
shrubs, they establish themselves best when repotting
is done before the leaves are shed. Good decayed
turfy clayey loam four parts, rotten manure one part,
leaf-mould one part, and in addition to this, for Tea
Roses, one part of peat. Use clean pots well drained,
and pot firmly.
After repotting it would be well to place the Roses
in a glass-house, to prevent the cold autumnal rains
from soaking the roots too much, and killing the
young fibres that are so rapidly formed after potting.
As the leaves drop less water is required, but over-
dryness is to be deprecated, even in winter.
The next attention required is pruning, and the
time that this should be done will depend upon the
time the Roses are required to bloom. The earliest
should be pruned before Christmas, the last pruning
about the middle of February, or even later than that,
should the plants be required very late for exhibition
or any special purpose. I like to have the soil in the
pots rather dry when they are pruned, and to keep it
so for a few days after, to prevent bleeding.
Of course it would be unwise to begin forcing for
some little time after pruning. I like to see the buds
moving a little before they are put into heat. Many
gardeners are also required to produce forced Roses
with very limited means indeed at their command.
Of course if there are difficulties in the way they must
be overcome. I used to have excellent forced Roses
early in the year by starting them with the Vines after
the middle of December. We put up a bed of leaves
and manure in the house, and placed the Roses over
it after the first violent heat was spent. The little
bottom-heat, and consequent atmospheric moisture,
was just what they wanted, and they made clean
strong growths. Sometimes the leaves of the Vines
were developed too much, and the temperature in-
creased too fast for them ; in that case they were
placed in the vinery started later, where the tempera-
ture was lower, and the roof unshaded by the Vine
leaves. In this house the flowers opened well, and
they were removed to the greenhouse or conservatory.
Those Roses that flower early should be protected
under glass, in a greenhouse temperature, until the
weather is such that they may safely be removed out-
of-doors.
It would take up too much space to give the
names of the best Roses, as they have been enough
before the public lately ; but it is well to state that
some of the best Roses that are seen at our exhibitions
as cut blooms are not by any means the best for pot-
culture ; what we require for that is a free branching
habit. Some varieties do not take naturally the form
of a bush, and refuse to be trained into that form ;
others do not grow freely enough. The best type of
a pot. Rose is one that grows freely, and forms a good
bush naturally. Such is La France, H.P., and the
hybrid China Charles Lawson, the Noisette Celine
Forestier, and the Tea Madame Margottin. The
names of the pot Roses shown at exhibitions, and
given in recent numbers of the Gardeners' Chronicle,
should be referred to. y, Douglas.
Rosa lucida flore-pleno.— In Mr. Ellacombe's
garden at Bitton this pretty Rose grows and flowers
freely. Although much altered by cultivation from
the dwarf wild Rose of the United States, there
seems no doubt of the propriety of referring it as a
variety to R. lucida. It seems identical, too, with
the Rose figured by Andrews in his Monop-aph as
R. pennsylvanica flore-pleno. The outer petals of
this fade into a pale rose, leaving the centre of the
flower a deep rich rose colour.
AMIANTHIUM MUSC^TOXI-
CUM.
Mr. Smith sends us this from Messrs. Rodger,
McClelland & Co., of Newry. Though a very old
plant, introduced in 1770, it is one rarely seen in
gardens. It is a tall herbaceous perennial, with long
linear lanceolate glabrous leaves, and erect close
racemes (3 — 5 inches long) of cream-coloured flowers,
each mounted on a longish white pedicel, and regu-
larly 6-parted. It is a member of the Colchicum
group, not far off Veratrum as to its affinity, and is a
native of the Eastern United States of America, ex-
tending as far south as Florida. It is stated that the
root, when bruised and mixed with honey, acts as a
Fig. 7. — AMIANTHIUM MUSC.ETOXICU M; POLLEN GRAINS MAGN.
poison to flies, It is the Helonias Ia:ta of the Bota-
nical Maga%ine, t. S03.
REINVIGORATED POTATOS
A FEW years ago an accident caused a small
number of roots of a favourite variety of Potato to be
disturbed prematurely, and the tubers, having been
dug up when not one quarter grown, were exposed
for some weeks, at the foot of a south wall, to the full
power of the heat of a July sun. When taken in they
were shrivelled, and were put away in a light closet,
and on being planted the following spring they pro-
duced a notably fine crop, which entirely resisted the
disease of a very bad year, when the rows, right and
left, were almost completely destroyed. So marked
was the improvement in this lot of Potatos, that part
of the crop of this section of the variety has been saved
for seed every season since, raising them for next
year's seed as soon as we begin to use the first new
Potatos, And it is quite certain that, both in consti-
tution and yield, the stock which came through these
shrivelled tubers of 1S7S still keeps ahead of others
which sprang from the same origin, but have shared
the ordinary practice of the garden — i.e., have been
left in the ground till they were mature. In 1S82 I
tried the experiment of early raising with one root of
ten sorts. All were dug up the first week in July,
when the tubers of the later kinds were no bigger than
marbles. All were replanted in the third week in
March, 1SS3. I have to-day (July 2) been examining
them, and in every case I find the early kinds full-
sized (/.<?., they have been left too long to continue
the treatment for another season), and in all cases the
produce is larger than is usual. Altogether, it seems
to me quite proved that, by arresting the growth of
the tuber at .an early stage, and by exposing it to a
long period of dry treatment in trays in an upstairs
room in the full light, we can ensure that such tubers
shall shoot very early and vigorously, and shall bring
their crop to use much quicker than they would under
any other way. In no case has there been any
difference of soil or manure between these and the
ordinary crops, yet the stouter foliage, and the intense
green of the leaves of the specimen plants, attract
attention from any observer,
I read in an American farm paper that it had
been found that the finest spring crops of early
Potatos are grown there from seed, which is the
second crop of the previous season— !.<.■., as soon as
tubers are formed in the spring they are taken up,
ripened in the sun, and replanted— and that these
bear, late in autumn, crops of immature Potatos,
very inferior for table purposes, but quite above all
others for seed. The American summer is, I believe,
more varied than ours, and the ground parts with its
heat more slowly ; so that they can rely on a growth
later in the autumn than we can. Anyhow, they
seem to succeed in getting two crops of all the early
kinds of Potatos— one to eat, and one to produce the
main crop of the following season. I have not yet
succeeded in doing this, although I have planted a
crop of Champions in July where the Early Ashleaf
came off, and got Champions of a good seed size for
next year's use. Very probably this practice may be
neither [new nor uncommon in other districts. The
practice of " greening " seed is common enough, but
not the course which I suggest, i.e., the taking up
the tubers as soon as formed, and compelling them to
ripen outside, and not within the soil. This plan
was, so far as I am concerned, accidentally dis-
covered ; and the results were sufficiently marked
and sufficiently good to arrest attention. C, in the
" field."
PLANT PORTRAITS.
Acer insigne, Boiss. ; Hook, f., Bol. Mag., t. 6697.
— A species remarkable for the beauty of its large
red bud-scales. The flowers are in terminal panicles.
At Kew it is found to be very hardy, but this is not
at all our own experience on a clay soil,
Angr.^cum modestum, Hook, f., Bot. Mag., t.
6693. — A short-stemmed plant with racemes of small
white, star-like flowers, the segments being lanceo-
late, the lip of the same form but rather wider, and
with a long, narrow spur. Native of Madagascar.
Hort. Kew.
BoMAREA PATACOENSis, Herbert ; Hook, in Bot.
Mag., t. 6692. — According to the synonymy here
given this plant is the same as that described by
Bentham as B. conferta, and figured by us under that
name in 18S2, p. 1S6, fig. 31.
Carnation, Crimson Souvenir de la Mal-
MAISON, Florist, June.
Cephaelis tomentosa, Willd., Bot. Mag., t. 6696.
— A hirsute shrub. Native of Guiana, with broadly
lanceolate leaves, and long-stalked heads of flowers,
enveloped by two large ovate acute red bracts.
Messrs. Veitch.
Clerodendron macrosiphon, Hook. {,, Boi.
Mas., t- 6695.— -A Verbenaceous shrub with oblan-
ceolate, coarsely toothed leaves, narrowing into a
petiole. Flowers in terminal tufts, each with a long
slender corolla tube, 3—4 inches long, and a limb
divided into five lobes turned to one side. Filaments
very long, projecting. Native of South-East Tropical
Africa.
Rose Louise Odier, Journal des Roses, June. —
Raised about 1S43 by M. Margottin from a Bourbon
variety. Flowers large, very double, well formed,
rose-pink.
RuBus rosifolius coronarius, }\cv:ie del'Horiic.
Beige. — A very pretty double-flowered Bramble, with
pinnate Rose-like leaves.
42
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[JULV 14, 1883.
LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.
{Continued from p. 764, vol. xix.)
So. Epidendrum, Linnceus.— Base or claw of the
labellum more or less adnate to the footless column,
upper part spreading. Stems with the leaves in two
rows or pseudobulbous. Inflorescence simple or
branched, rarely reduced to a single large flower.
A very numerous genus, of which between 400 and
500 species have been described. They are widely
spread in Tropical America, and a very few occur in
the Southern States of North America.
As will be seen from what has already been pub-
lished of this list, Mr. Bentham has raised some of
Lindley's sections of Epidendrum to the rank of
distinct genera. These are Diacrium, Hormidium,
Lanium and Pleuranthium. lie also restores Cat-
tleya, Broughtonia, and Lzeliopsis, which Dr. Reichen-
bach had reduced to Epidendrum, to the rank of dis-
tinct genera. As thus circumscribed, Mr. Bentham
subdivides the genus Epidendrum in the following
Sect. I. Barkeria, — Stems either scarcely at all thick-
ened and fleshy, or forming narrow spindle-shaped
pseudobulbs 2 — 4-leaved at the top. Labellum very
shortly adnate to the base of the column, more rarely
nearly up to the middle ; column distinctly and often
broadly 2-winged above the junction with the labellum.
Species few. Ex. E. elegans, E. Lindleyanum, E.
Skinneri.
Sect. 2. Eiicycliiim. — Stems thickened into ovoid,
flattened or long spindle-shaped pseudobulbs, i-, 2-, or
more rarely 3-leaved at the top. Labellum very shortly
adnate to the base of the column, or not up to the middle ;
column so far as observed not distinctly winged in the
free part. Species numerous, classified by Lindley into
the following series : —
a. HOLOCHILA.— Labellum quite entire. Ex. E. flabel-
latum, E. Ghiesbreghtianum, E. vitelUnum.
b. Sarcochila. — Labellum rather thick, shortly toothed.
Flowers small, paniculate, at first sight like
Amblostoma, but having exactly the anther and
pollinia of Epidendrum. Ex. E. glaucum, and E.
Qchraceum.
c. Hymenochila.— Labellum 3-lobed, petal-like, with
the lateral lobes rounded in a few species, short in
the rest. Ex. E. alatum, E. aromaticum, E. atro-
purpureum, E, Friderici-Guilielmi, E. variegatum.
Sect. 3. Aniizeum. — Stems usually more or less
thickened into long spindle-shaped pseudobulbs, i- or
2- more rarely 3-leaved at the top. Labellum adnate
from the base to the top of the column, or the very
tip of the latter barely free.
a. SciiiSTOCHiLA. — Labellum 3-parted, or more or less
3-lobed. Ex. E. ciliare, E. clavatum, E. erubes-
cens.
b. HOLOCHILA (the same as Lindley's section Osmo-
phytum). — Labellum quite entire. Ex. E. cala-
marium, E. cochleatum, E. fragrans.
Sect. 4. Euepidcndrunu — Stems leafy, without pseudo-
bulbs. Labellum adnate to the top of the column, or
only the very tip of the latter free.
a. Spathace/E. — Raceme simple, erect, many-flowered.
Peduncle enclosed at the base in a spathe-like,
often large sheath. Ex. E. armeniacum, E.
spathaceum.
b. SUBUMBELLAT.K. — Raceme simple, shortened ; flowers
few or only one, often rather large and long-
stalked ; common peduncle short, and included
in a spathe-like sheath or naked. Ex. E. difforme,
E. eburneum, E. lacertimmi, E. longlcolie, E.
nocturnum.
c. NUTANTES. — Racemesimple, nodding, manyflowered,
common peduncle included at the base in a spathe-
like sheath or nearly naked. Ex. E. cnemido-
phorum, E. Cooperianum.
d. Recukv,"e. — Stems usually branched and leafy.
Racemes simple, sessile between the topmost
leaves, bent down, often with crowded flowers,
Ex. E. recurvatum.
e. Tenuifoli.'e. — Stems either slender and dwarf, or
longer, often branched. Leaves narrow or lanceo-
late, thin. Racemes shortly stalked, slender, or
loose, solitary and erect or in pairs, and spreading.
Ex. E. conopseum, E. fimbriatum.
/. Amphiglottide.-t:. — Racem°s short, dense, spike-
like; flowers solitary or two or ihree together at
the top of a long peduncle that is furnished with
distant, appressed sheaths, or scattered singly or
in clusters all along the peduncle. Ex. E. anten-
niferum, E. cinnabarinum, E. elongatum, E.
erectum, E. ibaguense.
g. Paniculat.-e. — Ricemes several, 'loosely paniculate;
common peduncle more or less developed, and fur-
nished with sheathing bracts, or nearly naked.
Ex. E. Blepharistes, E. densiflorum, E. floribun-
dum, E. myrianthum, E. paniculatum, E. poly-
anthum.
//, Strobilifer.k. — Stems usually diff'usely branched or
low ; spikes simple, loosely few-flowered, or rarely
elongated, with the flowers partly included in
broad concave bracts. — Ex. E. coriifolium, E.
imbricatum.
i, SessiLU'LOR-'E.— Flowers few or solitary, subtended
by chaff-like bracts ; and sessile, or nearly so, at
the top of the stems. Ex. E. equitans.
k. NANiE.— Stems dwarf, spreading, with the leaves in
two rows. Flowers terminal, usually solitary,
seated within a large spathe-like sheath. Column
with a short tube ; anther-bed membranous.
Labellum undivided, usually larger than the
sepals. Ex. E. Matthewsii.
Sect. 5. Psihmihejfnnn. — This section is limited to one
very distinct species (E. Stamfordianum), differing from
all the other species of the genus in the inflorescence
being produced from the base of the stem, in the polUnia,
and some other characters.
1. E. (Encyclium - Hymenochila) aciculare,
Batem., .5(7/. Hex., 1841, Misc., p. 46; Lindl.,
FoL Orch., n. 44 ; Walp. Attn., vi., p. 333 ; E.
linear if olium. Hook., Bot, Mag., t. 4S7^ '^ Ee-
maire, Jard. Fleur., ii., t. 145 {copied from BoU
Mag.) E. bractescens, Lindl., Bot. Reg., 1840,
Misc. , p. 58. — Mexico. Introduced by Hartweg for
the Horticultural Society of London. One of the
prettiest of the medium-size species, having slender
grass-leaves and slender scapes, bearing numer-
ous flowers with dull purple-brown green-tipped
sepals and petals and a dehcately painted white
lip.
2. E. (EaEPIDENDRUM-SPATHACE^E) ACUTISSIMUM,
Lindl, Fol. Orch., n. 142 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p.
362; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 95. — New Grenada.
Introduced by Linden in 1852.
3. E. (Encyclium-Hymenochila) ADENOCARPUM,
Llav. et Lex.. Nov. Veg. Descr., fasc. ii., Orch.
Opusc, p. 22 ; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 62 ; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 339. E. crispalur/i, Knowles and
Westc, Fl. Cad., ii., p. 79. E. papillosum,
Batem., Bof. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 7 ; Bot. Mag.,
t. 3631. — Mexico and Guatemala. Introduced by
Mr. G. Ure Skinner, and cultivated by Mr. Bate-
man. Sepals and petals yellowish -green ; label-
lum white with three purple lines in the middle.
4. E. (Encyclium) advena, Rchb. f., Card. Ckron.
1872, p. 1194. — Brazil. Cultivated by Mr. O. O.
Wrigley, of Bridge Hall, Bury, Lancashire. A
beautiful species, allied to E. altissimum, with
flowers nearly two-thirds the size of those of E.
atropurpureum. Sepals - and petals yellowish,
veined with brown ; hp yellowish-white, with purple
streaks.
E. vEMUlum ■=. fragans.
E. >ERiDiFORME := Harrisonse.
E. affine, Focke m oncidioides.
E. affine, Rich. =: fucatum.
E. ag.vthosmicum ■:=z densiflorum.
E. alatum, Lindl. (not of Batem.) zzambiguum.
E. ALATUM, Lindl. zz trachychilum.
5. E. (Encyclium-Hymenochila) ALATUM, Batera.,
Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 18 ; Lindl,, Fol. Orch.,
n. 53 ; Walp. Ann.,v\., p. 336. F.. longipetaliim,
Lindl., Lindl. and Paxt. Fl. Gard., i., t. 30;
Lemaire, Jard, Fleur., i., t. Si (copied from
Lindl. and Faxt. Fl. Gard.). E. calochilum.
Hook., Bot. Mag, t. 3898. E forntosum^
Klotzsch, Otto and Dietr., Al.g. Gart. Zeit. 1853,
p. 201. — Guatemala. Hartweg, Warscewicz, and
others. Very sweet-scented. Panicles long and
straggling. Sepals and petals purple and green ;
lip straw-coloured, bordered with yellow and
streaked with rose. Hort. Kew.
E. ALOiFOLiUMrzfalcatum.
E. alternans=: fimbriatum.
6. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) altissimum,
Batem., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 38 ; FoL Orch.,
n. 52 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 336. — Bahamas
Introduced by Ure Skinner, and cultivated by
Mr. Bateman. Flowers smelling strongly of
bee's wax, as large as those of E. oncidioides, on a
very long branching scape.
7. E. (Encyclium) amadile. Linden and Rchb. f.,
Bonplandia, 1855, p. 219 ; Walp. Ann., vi.,
p. 332 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96. — Mexico. Intro-
duced by Linden in 1854. Panicle slender ;
flowers as large as those of E. virgatum ; sepals
and petals hoary brown ; lip golden, dotted with
purple.
8. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) ambiguum,
Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 56; ///. Hort, t. 606;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 338. E. alatum, Lindl.,
Bot. Reg. 1847. t. 53, not of Batem. — Guatemala.
Cultivated by Mr. Rucker. Sepals and petals
yellowish-green ; lip wavy, white and crimson.
Hort. Kew.
9. E. (Spathium— Racemos.-e) amethystina, Rchb.
f., Gird. Chron. 1867, p. 376.— Western South
America. • Imported and cultivated by Messrs.
Backhouse, of York, A graceful little Orchid,
bearing erect racemes of about a dozen amethyst-
ine flowers, nearly as large as those of Rodriguezia
secunda.
10. E. (Encyclium) ANiCETUM, Linden and Rchb. f.,
Bonplandia, 1855, p. 219; Walp. Ann., vi.,
p. 327; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96. — New Grenada.
Introduced by Linden in 1852. Flowers about
the size of those of E. aromaticum ; sepals and
petals greenish ; lip striped with purple.
E. ANCEPS =1 fuscatum.
XI. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— AmPHIGLOTTIDE/E) ANTEN-
NiFERUM, Lindl., Lindl. and Paxt. Fl. Gard., i.,
p. 184, fig. 113; Fol. Orch., n. 195; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 382 ; Refug. Bot., ii., t. 91. E. Ion-
gipctalum, A. Rich, and Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat.,
s^'rie 3, p. 22. — Mexico. Introduced by Ques-
nel, and flowered by Mr. Pescatore. Flowers
small, green tinged with red, remarkable for the
relatively long and narrow petals, which are three
or four times as long as the other parts of the
flower, and directed downward under the labellum.
12. E. (Euepidendrum— Spathace-^) anthoceros,
Linden and Rchb. f., Bonplandia, 1854, p. 281 ;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 366; ///. Hort.. xxviii.,
p. g6. — New Grenada, at 6000 to 8000 feet. In-
troduced by Mr. J. Linden in 1830. Near E.
cornutum. Flowers yellowish.
13. E. arachnogloSSUM, Andr4 Rev. Hort. 1882, p.
SS4, with a coloured plate. — New Grenada. In-
troduced by Mr. Ed. Andr^, and cultivated by
Mr. Godefroy-Lebeuf, Argenteuil. A showy
species of the same group as E. ibaguense.
Flowers rich lilac-purple, with a little yellow on
the column ; lip deeply fringed.
14. E. (Euepidendrum) areusculum, Lindl. ; Benth.,
PI. Hartw., p. 93; Fol. Orch., n. 277; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 410 ; Gard. ChroJt. 1843, p. 523. —
Mexico. Introduced by Hartweg, and flowered
in the garden of the Horticultural Society of Lon-
don. Flowers dull chocolate, reheved by a patch
of yellow in the middle of the labellum.
15. E. (Euepidendrum— Spathace^) armeniacum,
hmdX., Bot. Reg., t. 1867; Fol. Orch., n. 153;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 367. — Brazil and Peru.
First flowered in England about 1835. Flowers
Apricot-coloured, numerous, very smalt (less than
I inch across), in drooping racemes. Pretty.
16. E. (Encyclium-Hymenochila) aromaticum,
Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat,, t. 10 ; Lindl.,
Fol. Orch., n. 55 ; Rcfag. Bot , ii., t. 89. E. in-
cumbens, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc., p. 45. —
Guatemala. Originally introduced by Mr. Skinner,
and cultivated by Mr. Bateman. Flowers medium
size, yellowish-green, with a white labellum, veined
or streaked with crimson. Hort. Kew.
E. articulatum =z tessellatum.
17. E. (Encyclium) asperum, Lindl. ; Hook., Journ.
Bot., i., p. 6; FoL Orch., n., 61; Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 339. E. /labellatum^nd E. rugosissimum,
Hort. — Panama to Peru. Cultivated by Consul
Schiller in 1857.
E. atropurpureum, Lindl. = bifidum.
18. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) atropurpureum,
Willd. ; Rchb. f., Bonplandia, 1854, p. 19. E.
macrochilum. Hook , Boi. Mag., t. 3534; Ann.
de Gaud, t. 86 (var. albopurpurea) ; Batem.,
Orch. Mex. andGuat., t. 17, and Paxt., Mag.Bot.,
xi., p. 243, with a coloured plate, copied in Fl.
des Serres, t. 372 (var. roseum). — Mexico. Intro-
duced by Mr. C. Horsfall, in whose collection it
flowered in 1836. A very handsome species, said
to have the largest flowers in the genus. The
original variety has bronze-green sepals and petals,
and a yellowish-white lip with crimson stripes,
and the variety roseum has purple sepals and
petals, and a bright rosy lip. Hort. Kew.
E. AUREUM ::::: aurantiacum.
19. E. (Epicladium) aurantiacum, Batem,, Bot.
Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 8 ; Lindl, Fol. Orch., n. i ;
Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 12; Regel,
GarteJijlora, t. 158. E. aurcurn, Lindl., Fol.
Orch., n. 5. Broughtonia aurea, Lindl., Bot,
Reg., 1840, Misc.p.'ig. — Mexico and Guatemala.
Introduced by G. Ure Skinner, and flowered both
by Mr. Bateman and Sir Charles Lemon about
1836. A very handsome species. Mr. Bateman
was doubtful whether this should be referred to
Catlleya or Epidendrum ; and Mr. Bentham says
that in structure it is nearer the former genus.
Hort. Kew.
20. E. (Encyclium— Holochila)auritum, Lindl., 5o/.
Reg. 1843, Misc., p. 4 ; FoL Orch., n. 13 ; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 323. Dincma paleaceum, Lindl.,
Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc., p. 51 ; Refug. Bot., t. 87.
E. Lindenianum, A. Rich, and Gal.; Lindl.,
Fol. Orch., n. 83. — Guatemala. Cultivated by
Mr. Bateman. \ small plant, with quite small
very pale yellow, though very sweet-scented
flowers.
21. E. DAHIENSE. Rchb. f., Hamb. Gart. Zeit., xv.,
p. ^3. — Bahia. Imported and cultivated by Consul
Schiller, of Hamburg. Allied to E. longicolle,
but having flowers only half as large,
E. basilare:= Stamfordianum,
22. E. (Encyclium) eelizense, Rchb. f., Linncea, xli.,
p_ 73. — Belize. Cultivated by Mr. W, W. Saunders
and Mr. Day.
23. E. (Encyclium) bicameratum, Rchb. f., Gard.
Chron. 1871, p. ii94. E, Karwinskii, Rchb. f.,
Gird. Chron. 1869, p. 210, not of others. E,
squalidum, Lindl., ./^c/. Orch., n. 20. not "Llav.
and Lex.— Mexico. Introduced and cultivated
by Messrs. Veitch. Like E. viteUinum in growth,
but the flowers are ochre-yellow, with a deep
brown disc ; lip white and ochre.
24 E. (Encyclium-Hymenochila) bifidum, Aublet ;
Lindl., FoL Orch., n. 75; Walp. Ann., vi.,
p. 343; Bot. Reg., t. 1879; Redoutt^, Liliac, (j
t. 84. E.-atropurpuretan, Lindl., G-:n. and Sp.
Orch., p. 99. E. pjpilionaceum, West., S. Cruz,
p. 230. — West Indies, Guiana. A pretty species,
having a tall erect spike of rather large flowers ;
sepals and petals pale green, dotted with purple
near the tips ; labellum rose, orange, and white,
E. eiforatum — cucullatum. •
E. bisetum = polyanthum.
25. E. (Euepidendrum — Paniculat/E) Blephar-
istes, Barker, Byt. Reg. 1844, p. 20 ; Lindl., L^ol.
Orch., n. 185; Wa'p. Ann., vi., p. 379.— Vene-
zuela. Imported by Mr. Linden, Flowers rich
rose colour, the column having the deepest tint of
the garnet.
{,Tobe continued.')
July r4, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
43
FOJ^ESTI^Y,
Maturity of Trees. — The subject of ripeness
and maturity of crop is one, in its comprehensive sense,
that less or more concerns every one, but specially
those whose interest is closely connected with it.
To know precisely when each respective product en-
trusted to their watchful care is ripe and mature, is to
know that which is of immense importance, first to
individuals, and then to nations. The farmer and
gardener frequently require all their skill and know-
ledge to enable them to know the right and proper
time to gather and store their diverse products,
and yet their task is an easy and simple one,
compared with that of the forester in respect of trees
as to their ripeness and maturity.
A few days, or even hours, too late, or too early,
in husbanding the product of the farm, or garden, so
completely turns the scale at times as to lose or win
a competency ; and, therefore, the inevitable care
and anxiety entailed upon both, in the pursuit of their
avocations. To these harassing cares and perturbations
the forester is happily almost a total stranger, and
soundly sleeps while his brethren are kept awake by
anxiety and care, because to him a few weeks or
months, or even years, produces no alarming
symptoms or signs of anything wrong in trees. This
very influence, however, which so sweetly soothes
the mind, is that which also lulls it asleep ; and if,
on the one hand, there is nothing to alarm, on the
other there is as little to arouse ; but the siren's
enchanting note that whispers ** Time enough yet,"
is by-and-bye transformed into the hideous reproach,
"Too late, too late."
The whole economy and development of trees is so
uniformly slow and imperceptible, that we neither
observe it coming nor passing, and it is only when
receding in the hazy distance of decay that a clear
and startling revelation is made that something is far
otherwise than it ought to be — that the goal of maturity
had not only been reached, but considerably gone
past. I saw a plantation of mixed hardwoods, sixty-
five years old, partly cut down, a few weeks ago, of
which fully 80 per cent, were diseased, the result
of over-ripeness. This plantation should have
been cut ten or fifteen years ago, and the ground re-
planted. The proprietor all the while little suspected
that anything was seriously wrong with the plantation,
and never thought of the circumstance that
the growth of ten or fifteen years was not
only lost on what should otherwise have been
a succeeding crop of young trees, but every year
it stood it was of less and less value. The term
maturity, which bears several constructions, as used
here signifies that state at which the timber is at its
highest attainable industrial or commercial value, and
beyond which state it loses in value every year it
stands. In my last article (April 14 last), under ma-
turity of trees, I endeavoured to show some of the more .
conspicuous aspects of the Norway Spruce, Silver
Fir, Scotch Pine, Larch and Spanish Chestnut, and
shall here speak of the Ash, Oak, and Wych Elm.
The common Ash is believed to be a native of
Britain, and few trees are better adapted to the soil and
climate of this country. It is one thing however to
grow this, or any other tree for ornamental effect, and
quite another thing to grow it for industrial purposes;
and the different modes of culture for each have often
been a means of misleading rather than enlightening,
and require to be properly distinguished and explained.
The Ash is essentially a fast growing tree, and if
grown for profit should be in soils and situations
where fastness of growth is promoted to the highest
possible degree. Considering the kind of purposes to
which it is usually applied, it is evident it should be
grown with a clean and usually straight stem, to as
great a height and proportional girth as possible. It
is necessary that its rapid growth should continue
throughout its whole life from first to last, and when it
ceases to grow fast it should cease to grow at all, for if
the tree is allowed to stand uncut after it ceases to
grow rapidly, the wood very soon loses its toughness
and elasticity. An example of this occurred under the
writer's observation some years ago, which illustrates
the subject. The plantation was at its prime at fifty-
five years' growth, and the root cuts at that age were,
to use the phrase of a carpenter who used much of
the wood, as tough as whalebone. At seventy-five years
old the toughness of the wood had almost entirely left
it, so much so indeed, that what at the former period
he paid 2s. (>i{. per foot for, and sometimes even more,
he now reluctantly gave u., and said it was not worth
even that price.
The subsoil was of a clayey nature, mixed with
small stones, some of them water-worn, and of a cold
unkindly nature, but the active soil (2 or 3 inches
deep), was of better quality. The exposure was to the
south, and the most sheltered trees were the best
both in size and quality, and maintained their tough-
ness longer than those on the high and exposed
ground. It was evident the plantation should have
been cut down and replanted at about fifty to sixty
years old.
The Oak as a timber tree, unless damaged or
diseased, may (unlike the Ash) be considered to
improve in quality as long as it grows, even though
slowly. Nor does it matter though the growth be
fast in its early years and slow towards the end of
life. If the soil is moderately dry, and the situation
in other respects suitable, the Oak will grow profit-
ably to 150 years, at which period it often pays well
as a crop to cut and replant.
The Oak, as a rule, should not be cut so long as it
is in a paying condition to stand, for it not unfre-
quently happens that a tree will make more wood
and therefore pay better in ten years after it has
reached 50 or 100 years than it did in the whole
period of growth previously.
There is greater danger of the Oak being cut too
young than of standing till too old, and the signs of
ripeness and maturity in the Oak are so marked and
evident that there is but little risk of mistaking the
evidence even by those limited observations. The
Oak, from its tenacity of life, and youth-renewing pro-
clivities, fulfils amongst others one very important
purpose in forest economy. As is well known, there
are many situations in the landscape when the entire
cutting and clearing of a plantation at one sweep as
it were, would be nothing short of a rural calamity,
hence the necessity of having some trees left to main-
tain appearance to the landscape tdl the succeeding
crop is sufficiently advanced to take its place. The
Oak answers this purpose remarkably well, because
it usually remains healthy and in a paying condition
twice as long as most other species. If therefore a
plantation of Larch, Ash, Poplar, &c., be mixed with
Oak when planted, when the crop is ripe, at say fifty,
sixty, or seventy years, the whole may be cut except
the Oak, which will be mature at the time when the
succeeding crop is ready for clearing ; and the same
process may be repeated perpetually, by always plant-
ing Oak trees as a mixture amongst the general crop.
The Elm — at least the Mountain, Scotch, or
Wych Elm (Ulmus montana), by which it is variously
known, is thought to be a native of Scotland. Of
this species there are considerable variety of various
marked distinctions — some of them of very good
quality and others quite the reverse, and it is a subject
that deeply concerns any one connected with tree
culture to find out how properly to distinguish
between the good and bad, in order to make the
selection before planting, for it is too late to make
the discovery when the trees have grown forty or
fifty years that they are of the spurious sort, and of
no value. For timber of the proper kind of tree
2s. 6ii. per cubic foot is readily obtained, while the
wood of the others is only used for charcoal and
household fuel, &c. Nothing reliable in the external
appearance of the tree indicates what its quality is,
and therefore the tree must first be cut down before
it can be known what the quality of the wood is.
The Elm requires good dry sound soil to grow in to
perfection, and every tree should be thoroughly
clothed with branches and have ample room so as to
promote continuous rapid growth. With every atten-
tion, however, and the most skilful treatment it can
never overcome or make good that which in its
original nature is wrong in the kind of tree.
The Elm, in addition to the spurious varieties
almost invariably found mixed with it in the nursery,
is extremely liable to shake — both what is termed
ring-shake and star-shake ; defects but too well
known to all connected with wood to require expla-
nation. It is also very liable to ground-rot, but this
is avoidable by proper care in planting and early
thinning if the ground is well adapted to it in other
respects.
Shaky trees are readily known, especially those
affected by star-shake, for in them the rend, or split,
less or more extends to the surface of the tree, and is
quite easily seen upon the bark and trunk. To the
former it imparts the appearance of incisions made
with an instrument longitudinally, and to the latter
a fluted irregular form, destroying the round smooth
form common to sound trees, and gives the trunk an
irregular form frequentlyaccompanied iiy the discharge
of a dark jeasty-looking fluid, alike unsightly and
unsavoury.
The Elm, in Scotland at least, should be planted
very sparingly, for as a rule there are few instances
in which other trees would not pay from 50 to So per
cent, better. When it really grows sound and healthy
it is a valuable tree, and can be used for many pur-
poses even at an early age ; and when mature, if
sound and of the proper sort, commands a good price.
On this estate a tree was sold at an auction sale a
few years ago which realised £1^, It contained a
little over 70 cubic feet, and was of excellent quality,
and well adapted for boat-building purposes, for
which it was used.
It is very difficult to state the age at which Elm
should be cut as perfect .and mature, but eighty to
one hundred years may be considered not far from
the age at which it pays best to cut it. C, Y, Michie,
Cullen House.
COLONIAL NOTES.
Ceylon Botanic Gardens.— From the annual
report of the Director we learn that, as regards Coffee,
leaf disease has in no degree diminished, and the
continued failure of crop during the past year has
added to the difficulties of all concerned in the plant-
ing enterprise of the Colony. No combined effort
whatever to prevent the disease on the lines indicated
by its known nature has been even attempted, whilst
the waste of money and time in local applications of
" cures " has continued. As, at the same time, high
cultivation and liberal manuring have become,
generally, impossible from pecuniary necessities, the
existing state of things, however much to be lamented,
cannot be considered surprising.
Liberian Coffee has had to bear severe attacks of
leaf-disease,* and rises and falls in planters' estima-
tion, yet in suitable soils and localities it does well,
and the old trees in Perddeniya (now eight and nine
years old), though badly diseased, show no marked
diminution in their crop-bearing capacities ; they are,
however, regularly manured.
Cinchona. — The enormous advance in the cultiva-
tion of Cinchona fully justifies one in considering it, at
present, as the foremost product of Ceylon. In some
of the older districts C. succirubra is, on numerous
estates, now completely supplanting the Coffee, which
is allowed gradually to go out of cultivation as the
former grows up amongst it. During the year ending
September last, as much as 3,099,895 lb. were ex-
ported, being an increase of 1,892,175 lb. over that
for the previous year, or considerably more than
double.
The remarks made in my report for 1880 become
thus every day more and more warranted — that, so
long as quinine retains its supremacy, only the rich
barks can secure good prices, whilst the inferior ones
must hang on hand, and only be sold at reduced
rates. There is little or no fear of an excess in pro-
duction of bark of the best qualities here, but it is
otherwise with the poorer sorts, and it is with these
that, from the planting point of view, production may
be overdone. On this account, in growing quinine
barks, planters will do well to go in for the best kinds
only. Of these, C. Ledgeriana still remains by fat
the most desirable, but it cannot be grown at high
elevations.
It is, however, at the same time, pretty evident
that we are approaching the time when the almost
exclusive estimation of quinine must give way before
the evident advantages of employing the mixed
alkaloids. The great philanthropic idea which led to
the acclimatisation of these trees in the East — the
provision of the blessing of cheap febrifuge to a fever-
stricken population — must be carried to its issue in
spite of any interested efforts to delay it ; the practical
efficiency of the imperfect preparation made by the
Indian Government, now well established, has shown
the way to a vast future development of the use of
similar and improved preparations.
The practice, invented by Mr. Moens, of shaving off
the rich outer portions of the bark down to a plane
as near the cambium zone as possible without reach-
ing it, has become very general. It is found to be
simple and easily learnt, expeditious, cheap, and very
* Hemileia not uafrequently attacks Itie fruit ia this species.
44
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 14, 1S83.
convenient for drying, paclcing, and baling for ship-
ment. As a consequence, it has nearly superseded
other modes of harvesting, and it has been remarked
that there will soon be little but renewed bark sent
from Ceylon. The practice is applied to all the kinds
grown, and, as a rule, the trees do not appear to
suffer much, if the operation be carefully performed.
New bark is rapidly formed, and the amount of
quinine is much increased in the renewed tissues.
The scraped surface is usually covered, the common
Mana-grass (Andropogon Martini, Thw.), readily
obtained and durable, being commonly used for the
purpose ; renewal, however, occurs without any
covering, except in very dry weather. It is regret-
able to see such very young trees (saplings of eighteen
months even, scarcely | of an inch in diameter) sub-
jected to this process, with the accompanying pruning
off of all side branches, and the short intervals
allowed between successive shavings. There is a
present small gain in such procedure, but it is doubt-
less wasteful in the long run. I have noticed many
young trees succumb to the treatment, and in any
case it must greatly check their growth, impair their
vigour, and shorten their life. Experiments, however,
are greatly needed to determine several points in con-
nection with this subject, especially as to the ratio of
the increase of alkaloids in renewed bark to the age
of the tree, the best period to allow to pass between
successive shavings, &c.
After much trouble, seed has been obtained at Kew
of the " Ciipra Quina " tree affording the " Cuprea "
bark imported during the last two or three years to
the London market (vi& New York) in such vast
quantities. A little of this seed has been sent to me ;
it was collected from trees growing between 5000 and
6000 feet at Landasugi, in the Stale of Santander
(U.S. Columbia), and sent from Bogota. No time
was lost by me in forwarding this to Hakgala, but I
regret to say that only two seeds germinated, of which
one subsequently died, so that we have now but a
single seedling of this interesting plant, Mr. Triana
has identified the Cuprea-bark trees as a species of
Remijia, a genus nearly allied to Cinchona, so that it
is no longer possible to consider the febrifugal alka-
loids exclusively produced by the latter.
Tea. — The past year has witnessed a very striking
rise in the export of Tea— no less than 345,702 lb.
more in the year ending September, 18S2, than in the
previous one, the whole quantity shipped being
623,292 lb. Tea estates have been opened at all
elevations, from near sea level up to the highest avail-
able land in the wet districts, and many old Coffee
estates, not suited for Cinchona, are now cropped
with Tea, This article has thus stepped into the
second place, and with Cinchona has gone a consider-
able way towards compensating for the serious
diminution in Coffee.
In connection with Tea, I may mention that an
excellent wood for boxes is that of Cedrela toona, a
large tree with a wide geographical range in Tropical
Asia, but not native to Ceylon. The few trees in the
gardens give an abundance of seed, and it has the
advantage of growing very quickly. Thus, seedlings
at six months measure 10 feet high, and in trees
seven years old the circumference of the stem i foot
above the ground is 4 feet 10 inches. The wood is
light, strong, clean, non-resinous, and not attacked
by insects.
Cacao. — There is every prospect that this article
will play an important part in the future of Ceylon
cultures. The year ending with September, 18S2,
saw I0i8 cwt. exported, against 479 cwt. in the pre-
vious one ; and what is more satisfactory is, that the
prices secured show that our product is of the best
quality, and esteemed in the market. In the lower
hill districts are many old and more or less abandoned
coffee estates, and on not a few of these Cacao is
being successfully grown, if only due care be taken in
first planting, and protection from wind afforded
during the first two years.
Indiamhber. — In continuation of my previous
reports on the South American rubber trees, I have
now to record a considerable step in advance.
Samples collected from each of the three species have
been submitted to the best commercial authority in
London, and the renprts received are very encourag-
ing so far as the quality and value of the product is
concerned. In no way does the rubber fall short of
that from the wild trees,
A tapping of Ceara (Manihot Glaziovi) was made
at the end of April (dry weather) and about 20 oz. of
dry rubber were obtained from nine or ten trees. One
of these afforded nearly 4 oz., whilst another, which
had been bled to the extent of 2 oz. the year before,
gave scarcely i oz. The process followed consisted
merely in peeling off the dry parchment-like outer
bark and making short slanting cuts with a sharp
knife on the green surface exposed. The milk flowed
most freely in the early morning. I at first experi-
mented with a small axe, purposely constructed, with
a sharp cutting edge, prevented from penetrating too
deeply by a projecting shoulder, but this did not
answer so well as an ordinary knife. The milk which
trickled down the stem was allowed to remain there
till it solidified, when the strings were pulled off and
rolled into balls. By this means a generally clean and
dry sample was secured ; a portion, however, after-
wards acquired a somewhat sticky consistence along
with a slight admixture of sand contracted by drop-
ping on to the soil at the foot of the tree. I separated
this from the rest and submitted both to Messrs. Silver
for report, in June. They valued the dry and clean
Fig 8.— pinus monophylla : showing the young and
the adult foliage. (see p. 48.)
portion at 2s. 9a'. to 3^. per pound — a high price for
" Ceara Scrap ; " the sticky portion, which could not
be properly washed and analysed, was not considered
worth more than \s. to \s. ^d. per pound. The im-
portance of taking care to secure a clean, dry rubber
is thus very evident.
The value of Ceara rubber being now assured, it
may be expected that planters (some of whom have
now a large stock of trees) will institute experiments
as to the method which will secure the largest quan-
tity of milk per annum or during the life of the tree.
Chinese Cassia lignea.—To Mr. Ford (Superinten-
dent of the Botanic Garden at Hong Kong) the
Gardens are indebted for sending (with the consent of
the Secretary of State and the Government of Hong
Kong) a Wardian case of young plants of Cinna-
momum Cassia, the plant affording the " Cassia
lignea " of commerce. Eighteen of these have been
planted at Peradeniya, and some sent to Hakgala for
trial. The plants seem very hardy. These were
collected by Mr. Ford himself from the plantations
on the West River in the province of Kwangtung,
South China, where an immense cultivation is carried
on. Like our Ceylon Cinnamon, the precise plant is
not known wild, but is probably a cultivated race of
some common wild species. By this visit Mr. Ford
has satisfactorily determined that this 'is the sole
source of *' Cassia lignea," which has been hitherto
supposed to be derived from a number of species of
Cinnamomum. Dried specimens kindly sent me at
the same time show that the species is quite the same
as the C. cassia figured by me in Medicinal Plants,
tab. 223, which was drawn from dried specimens at
Kew, .collected by Dr. Hance from a tree (as I have
since ascertained) growing in the Public Garden of
Canton. The export of this product from Canton in
187S reached the enormous quantity of 58, 313 piculs ;
it is, however, of far less value than Cinnamon in the
market. The spice has been brought from South
China since the earliest dawn of history, and is
doubtless the original Cinnamon of the Mosaic and
other early writings. The scent of the leaves is far
more pleasant than that of Ceylon Cinnamon, A
return case of the latter has been sent to Hong Kong.
\}\t pm%
The Drumming of Bees. — In the last volume of
the Gardeners'' Chronicle, p. 819, embodied in a note
commencing on p. 818, entitled " The Right of
Property in a Roving Swarm of Bees," occurs the
following paragraph : — " Such a statement as this
shows in a simple way what strong yet absurd super-
stitious ideas still cluster about our rural districts, for
both the hideous drumming discord and the non-
prosperity of stocks quarrelled over are equally
foolish." I am quite willing to agree that belief in
non-prosperity of stocks quarrelled over is a foolish
superstition, and to grant that the drumming is a
hideous discord, but that it is equally foolish with the
quarrelling superstition, I think, requires proving
before it is set aside as an absurd custom. The idea
is, I believe, that the drumming noise tends to quiet
the bees, and causes them to settle somewhere near at
hand instead of flying away to a distance ; and in
this, I think, the countryman is most likely more
correct than the wise one who regards the drumming
as of no use. Although I have no practical know-
ledge of bees, yet, from observation of other insects,
I have long known that some — and more especially
moths — are most decidedly attracted by certain
sounds. For on very many occasions, when on a
spring or summer evening at dusk I have been
walking with, or talking to a^ companion, I have had
a moth fly direct at my mouth or ear, and some of
my companions have experienced the same thing
whilst with me, when speaking in a certain tone of
voice, and with the sound of the words rather
prolonged. I have never known them fly at
jne when speaking rapidly, or in shrill tones.
That the moths are attracted by the sound of
the voice, and that they have not flown against
my mouth or ear by accident, I am perfectly
certain, for on more than one occasion, when a moth
has flown at me in that manner when speaking, I have
amused myself by repeating in the same tone, over
and over again, the word or words I had just spoken,
and have had the moth, or what I have taken to be
the same moth, again and again fly at my mouth or ear,
though why they should fly at the ear I never have
been able to comprehend. Often, too, when a piano
has been playing and there has happened to be a
moth in the room, I have seen it come and hover over
and even settle upon the piano, not attracted by the
lights on the instrument, for they were not used ; and
I have seen as lately as a month back a moth de-
liberately leave a gas-light around which it was flying
and go straight to the piano when it began to be
played upon. I have also on one or two occasions
seen a moth hover over a violin that was being played
upon. But the most remarkable instance of their
being attracted by sound was upon one occasion
when at dusk one spring evening in a country town
an Italian boy was playing the instrument called a
hurdy-gurdy, and there were two or three moths and a
beetle (a Melolontha, I believe), hovering around
the instrument, and it was amusing to see the boy
try to drive them away and play his instrument at the
same time. The moths I have above alluded to were
all of the larger kinds, but as I never attempted to
catch them I do not know what species they were, but
July 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
45
they were certainly either Botnbyces, Noctux, or Geo-
meters, and I do not remember to have seen any of the
smaller moths similarly attracted by sounds.
Now if certain sounds have an attraction for some
other insects why may they not also affect bees, and
produce the effect of causing them to settle sooner
than they otherwise would do ? There are many
customs practised by country folk that are looked
upon by scientific men as absurd and foolish, and
many of them undoubtedly are so, but it is doubtful if
the drumming of bees be one. N, E, Brown.
land, cleared of all houses, is about ^iio ; have seen
better land nearer London let at £^ an acre.
(Re-examined) : I don't think you could get ^^215 a
iiear for the property, the leiKuU doing llie repairs.
Mr. W. Paul, Waltham Cross : In 1881 I was assessed
at £1^0: have since been rated at ^^345 ; the 3^ acres,
overflowed with water part of the year, is not wordi so
much as Mr. Morris stated ; wc cannot drain it ; the 7J
Law Notes.
The Rating of Greenhouses.— At the Hertford-
shire Quarter Sessions, held on July 2, Messrs. W. Paul
& Son, of Waltham Cross, appealed against their new
assessment to the Kdmonton Union. They were in 1881
assessed at ji^iSo (^1^165 ratable), and this year, although
there had been no addition made to the property, the
assessment had been raised to £Z'\S' consequent on a
re-valuation of the waterworks, gasworks, railways, and
greenhouses in the Union.
Mr. Douglas Walker for appellants ; Mr. Castle
{specially retained) for respondents.
Mr. Walker pointed out that in the new valuation Mr.
Paul's land had been put up to £c^ an acre, whilst some,
on account of being liable to be flooded, and some
througli being used for growing Coniferoe, was not
worth that sum. The ratable value of the land, 32 acres
3 roods, at £$ an acre, came to ;i^i65, which, with ^'38
ratable value of offices and buildings, came to /'203.
That left ^^142 for tlie'greenhouses, which made the ^345.
The great question was the value of the greenhouses.
There were twenty-one houses, a considerable number
close by the high road, and the parish had rated them
most unjustly. Mr. Walker then cited cases in support
of the following principle, which, he contended, was
applicable to the matter in dispute, viz., they would first
consider what a hypothetical tenant would give for the
land, and then what more rent he would pay because of
the convenience offered him by what existed on the land,
in this case, by the greenhouses. He then contended
that the value of the greenhouses was very small, because
of the great cost of keeping them in repair.
Mr. Castle did not dispute the principle. The appel-
lants were entitled to deduct insurance and the cost of
work necessary to maintain the greenhouses in a fit state
to earn the rent.
Mr. D. Walker said the houses had been valued at
^1462 ; and taking 10 per cent, on the present value as
the rent, they arrived at ^£"146 igs. as the ratable value.
Going back to the expense of keeping up the houses, he
said Mr. Paul paid a man ^i a week to paint and repair,
£c,'2 ; and there was the cost of materials, insurance, &c.,
which left ^23 us. for the rent, which he contended was
the outside value of the houses to an incoming tenant.
Mr. G. F. Morris, of Protheroe & Morris : I have had
thirty years' experience and valued important nurseries ;
have inspected Mr, Paul's greenhouses ; they are not of
the plan adopted at the present time ; the average life of
a gi'cenhouse is twenty years, some would decay sooner,
as if you were growing Cucumbers. My business is to let
as well as sell. I should think the greenhouses would be
a great obstacle in letting the land, as we find it difficult
to get a man to take them undertaking to keep them in
repair ; they are no more value to the premises than a
carpenter's bench ; I do not think we should get a tenant
for the greenhouses on a repairing lease, especially rafter
greenhouses. As to the cost of keeping the houses in
repair it is my opinion the cost will increase ; the
expense of putting new bars, glass, and painting would
be about 8(/. a foot. Taking the land at 32 acres, I
know a piece of land near the stream, 3 acres 2 roods,
which I value at £2 an acre, which gives £j ; there are
7 acres 2 roods, very stony and poor — 1 value that at
;i^i3 2J-. 6d. ; the remaining 21 acres I value, deducting
2 acres for the buildings, at j^4, which gives ^loi 2J. 6d.
I value the offices and premises at ^^30 ; I value the
greenhouses at ;^i 105 i3i ; piping outside, ^20 ; making
_j^ii25 15J. ; pipes, ^^176 4J. ; cart sheds, corn sheds,
stabling, ^^89 ; large pump and tanks, ^^48 ; boiler,
j^23; making, ^^1462 rix.
(Cross-examined) : Mr. Castle asked what the pro-
perty would let for as a whole, the landlord doing re-
pairs ? — Mr. Morris : I do not believe the landlord would
do the repairs ; I have not considered the question.
Mr. Castle : The tenant doing the repairs what ought
the landlord to get? — Mr. Morris: I should say about
^2i5.~Mr. Castle : That is what the landlord ought to
put in his pocket. The repairs come to ^^104 js. and
the insurance to £1^ loj., which make ;^ii8 js., which
added to ^^215 makes ^^333 17s. ; so that if the landlord
did the repairs, he would expect ^^333 \ys. according to
your own figures — is it not so? — Mr. Morris: I don't
consider the landlord would do the repairs ; we should
never get that sum. Some of Mr. Paul's greenhouses are
more than twenty years old. The letting value of the
Fig. 9.— piNus tinea : showing the two FORRrs of
FOLIAGE, (see P. 48.)
acres is very stony soil and is worth £2. 5^. or £2 los. at
the outside ; only the very commonest description of
nursery stock grows there. I put the 21 acres at £^ as
the full outside value ; it would be no use for a market
gardener. ]no. Dewey's land is well suited for a market
gardener.— Mr. L>. Walker said Mr. Dewey's worked
out £2 lbs. gd. per acre, rateable value. — Mr. Paul : I
know Wilson's ; it is a very fine meadow, 4 a. i r. — Mr.
D. Walker said the rateable value came out ^^3 an acre.
—Mr. Paul : The greenhouses cost a great deal to keep up,
and we have a glazier constantly watching and repairing :
they require painting inside once a year. For the land
and buildings 1 would take ^150 a year, the tenant
doing repairs, but this property is not Ictable ; I do not
tliink 1 should get it. 1 make the yearly cost of repairs
about /^loS, I have to remove much earth with the
plants. Some of our crops extend over three, four, fivr,
or six years. We have great competition. Cut Roses
that used to sell for gs. now fetch only 3J.
(Cross-examined) : I would take ^150 for the whole
place, the tenant doing repairs. Don't want to let it.
The figure is based on calculation. Am freeholder of all
but 4 acres. I pay ^24 for them. I bought some of
the remainder at ^90 an acre. For 12 acres and three
cottages, which let at £36 a year, I paid £8^ an acre,
which brought the land to/'49. I let some of the other
land, which I bought twenty-five years ago, at ^3 an
acre, until I wanted it.
Alexander Adams said : I was many years a horticul-
tural builder ; I built all these greenhouses but one ;
began about twenty years ago ; I should not hke to keep
them in repair for j^ioo a-year — think I should lose. I
charged ^hd. a foot for the woodwork.
W. C. Simmons, horticultural builder, Stoke Newing-
ton : I have seen Mr. Paul's greenhouses. Unless let
on repairing lease they would not let.
G. Ward, son of Mr, Ward, florist and nurseryman,
proved that there was much competition in the business,
foreign and home, for flowers, and for fruits more par-
ticularly.
J. Hayes : I have been over Mr. Paul's grounds ;
could not give a yearly value ; at times I have lost the
whole of my glass.
J. B. Slade, clerk to Protheroe & Morris : I know
cases of property let with greenhouses on seven, fourteen,
or twenty-one years' lease, the tenant to repair, and with
the option of the tenant to continue. We do not let
many properties on such leases ; we cannot get tenants.
Think we have let five or six the last two years.
(Cross-examined) : We are the only firm that let nur-
series. We have some on our books four years. Do
not know that .^150 for 32 acres with a lot of glass would
be cheap ; it would all depend on what the greenhouses
were.
This was appellant's case.
Mr. Castle, in opening respondents' case, said the case
was first brought as a kind of test case to decide whether
greenhouses were part of the ratable buildings, and
instead of having to fight that, he was met with the allega-
tion that the greenhouses being assessable the valuation
was excessive. He contended that the evidence of Mr.
Morris and Mr. Paul was not sufficient to alter the valua-
tion, and that the appellants had not shown that ^5 an
acre for the land was too much. The respondents' esti-
mate of the value was ;£'29oo.
Mr. W. H. B. Castle, Fellow of the Surveyors'
Institute, said he had valued important horticultural
properties ; had valued all the nurseries in Edmonton
Union ; valued Mr. Paul's at ;^2944 ; he valued the
greenhouses by ascertaining the cubic contents, 126,000
odd, and the land at ^5 an acre, on experience gained
in going through the Union. — (By Lord Sahsbury) :
Cheshunt was some of the most northern part of the
Union, and least valuable.
(Cross-examined) : He had been employed to value
the railways, gasworks, waterworks, and greenhouses in
the Union, and he valued the land appertaining to the
greenhouses ; he was paid a commission on the value
sustained before the Assessment Committee ; believed
his valuation of some of Mr. Geo. Paul's land was
reduced by the Assessment Committee ; did not know
that he put the value at ^702, and the Committee
reduced it to ^^577. Mr. Tudgey's land, which was
close to Mr. W. Paul's, was valued at more than ;^5 ; it
was rated at j^io5 nett, and consisted of glass, glass-
houses, and i a. 3 r. 24 p. ; he valued it ; did not think
Mr. Tudgey had appealed.
The Court asked whether Mr. Paul's books could
be got at in order to ascertain the rent that Mr. Paul
put on his premises in his partnership account with his
son. Mr. D. Walker said the books were not there.
Mr. Paul, Jun., was called, but could not say how
much rent was charged.
Mr. Edwin Fox, senior partner in the well-known firm
of Fox & Bousfield, Gresham Street, City, said he had
been in practice many years, and knew something of the
description of property in question. Mr. Paul's land,
considering its state of cultivation, was worth £$ an acre
to any one ; and as far as the freehold value was con-
cerned they would not get land with a frontage to the
high road for less than from ^100 to ;^i5o an acre.
_^2944 was a fair valuation.
Mr. Castle again addressed the Court. Mr. D.
Walker replied, and, amongst other things, contended
that £4 an acre was ample for the land. The Justices
retired. On their return.
Lord Salisbury, chairman, said : The Bench has fixed
the ratable value of the holding at ;^25o. The Court
ordered the rate to be amended accordingly, and costs
follow the event.
46
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 14, 1883.
i\\\[\ IJotcfi and |kaninp.
Work in the Houses. — In the East Indian-
house most of the early blooming Aerides will now be
over, and there will be nothing to prevent giving the
plants a full supply of atmospheric moisture. Where
a high development is expected among the epiphytal
Orchids, such as the occupants of this house, the
state of the atmosphere at this season is most im-
portant. During bright weather this house will
require damping down several times daily, and a good
supply of moisture must be maintained during the
night. For giving off a constant supply of moisture
nothing is better than a good bed of cocoa-fibre or
decayed leaves, placed under the stages and in out-of-
the-way places in the house. These beds, kept con-
stantly damp, will prevent the plants from suffering
from aridity of atmosphere, even during the brightest
weather. With this abundant humidity it is neces-
sary to ventilate freely — in fact, the house should
never be entirely closed, night or day, as nothing
is more injurious than a damp, stagnant atmo-
sphere. A very slight degree of ventilation will
keep the air of the house in motion, and this is
a very necessary condition during the growing
season, as growths made in houses insufficiently
ventilated seldom last long, and soon become a prey
to spot or some other disease. This treatment with
the fullest possible light — short of direct sunshine —
will give good growths with firm tissues, almost equa
to plants growing in their native habitats, where they
are always under the beneficial influence of gentle
breezes, and sometimes to winds of great fury, which
no doubt greatly assist in ripening the growths, and
bringing the plants into a condition to stand vicissi-
tudes of temperature. All the Aerides after flowering
should be carefully sponged over, as where the flower-
spikes have come in contact with the foliage they
generally leave a glutinous substance on the leaves,
and this, by stopping up the pores, rnay, if
left long on the plant, lead to decay. The late
summer bloomers, such as A. quinquevulnerum and
A. suavissimum, will be pushing out their spikes, and
should be encouraged with a little extra moisture.
The late flowering Saccolabium Blumei and S.
Blumei majus will also be in similar condition to the
above, and the flower-spikes of this plant should be
guarded from the attacks of insects. The Phala?nopsis
will now be growing freely, and will take very liberal
supplies of water at the roots— especially if the
material about their roots is thoroughly porous, which
it always should be — when there will be little danger
of overdoing them at this season. Any flower-spikes
that may appear while the plants are making growth
must be removed, so that the whole root force will be
concentrated in the development of healthy leaves.
Keep these plants as near the light as is consistent
with safety, and watch carefully that no thrips or
other insects get into the heart of the plants, as if
once they get a footing they are difficult to eradicate.
A very moist atmosphere is a necessity and a constant
gentle current of air should always be maintained
around them, to render the growths firm and lasting.
The Stanhopeas will now be in season, and after
flowering any that need rebasketing may be seen to
early. It is necessary to keep the drainage of these
very open so that as little obstruction as possible be
given to the spikes as they descend from the base of
the bulbs. A compost of fibry peat and charcoal will
suit them, surfacing over with clean sphagnum moss.
Some of the late flowering Dendrobes, such as D.
moschatum and D. clavatum, will be starting
into growth, and as they are free rooters they
soon fill out and require more root-run. These
strong growing Dendrobes will do best in fibry
peat and potsherds, and as they require abundance of
water while growing a liberal allowance of drainage
must be placed under them, and the plants be put in
strong heat so as to get the growths as forward as
possible before the days get short. J. Roberts, Gun-
nersbury Park Gardens,
Cyprtpedium macrantiium.— I have read Mr.
Goldring's excellent article on Cypripediums (p. 755,
vol. xix. ), and I hope derived some benefit. We
all (I, certainly) want to grow successfully the hardy
varieties, and gather hints from all quarters. I send
you some extracts from my note-book as to the
culture of C, macranlhum. Mr. Golding says, " C.
macranthum and its near neighbour ventricosum are
the most difficult to deal with in gardens ; but this
difiliculty arises no doubt from placing the plants in
moist peaty bogs, whereas they require to be treated
similarly to C. calceolus," i.e., " in stiff loamy soil
mixed with limestone." Referring to my note-book
I find, in reference to C. macranthum, " Grows well
in boggy soil near the river, where it gets flooded in
winter and spring." This is an extract from a letter
received from those most successful cultivators, the
New Plant and Bulb Company, Colchester. Again, as
to C. calceolus, Mr. Goldring says, "stiff loamy soil
mixed with limestone ; " but a very recent note (I
have lost the authority, but I think I took it from the
Gardeners^ Chronicle) says, *'it grows best in almost
pure sand." I could give many similar instances of
the discrepancy in the system of culture, &c., com-
mended by different persons, and the plants are far
too expensive to experiment on. We want some one
who actually manages- them from year to year to
give precise notes as to his practice. I have no diffi-
culty whatever with C. spectabile, and can grow it
well (at least, I suppose so, as I had a Cultural Com-
mendation from the Royal Horticultural Society) ;
but all the others, excepting C. pubescens and C.
calciolus, are simply unmanageable. Any further
hints from really successful growers would much
oblige. A, R.
Vanda teres. — I send you a few blooms of a
Vanda teres that is just waning. The plant was
gorgeous when in full beauty ; with the pot it
measured upwards of 4 feet high and about 3 feet
through, and carried from 250 to 260 flowers, in
some instances six on a stem. Being fond of Vanda
teres I have grown two to four plants for the last
twenty years, but never had one in such grand bloom
as this. Strange to say, the circumstances of growth
have been of the simplest character, no coddling or
extra attention. The plant has been in a small, close,
hot, moist stove for about twelve months — a house
principally devoted to East Indian Orchids, such as
Dendrobiums, &c. I have another large plant which
I exhibited a few years ago at one of our Whitsuntide
exhibitions, and it obtained universal admiration
though it only carried about forty flowers. This I
presume is the Andersoni variety which Mr. Williams
in his Orchid Growers^ Manual says is a more free-
flowering variety. jfos. Broome, Wood Lawn,
Didsbury. [The true Vanda teres. Ed.]
Saccolabium Berkeleyi, Rchb. f. — This beauti-
ful Saccolabium has flowered for the first time in
England in Lieut. -Colonel Berkeley's collection.
The flowers are large, more loosely placed on the
stem than is customary in the genus, and the flowers
white and very regularly striped with amethyst.
Cypripedium ciliolare. — This recent introduc-
tion is described in the Gard. Chron., vol. xviii.,
p. 48S, as closely allied to C. superbiens, and a very
ornamental one of its class. As to its handsome and
decorative character there is no uncertainly, and every
collection of any pretensions ought to include it.
The standard or upper sepal is traversed longitudi-
nally with green veins on a white ground suffused
with purple, while the oblong lanceolate purple petals
are closely spotted with black on the lower half, and
strongly ciliate on both margins with black hairs.
The labellum, generally the least attractively coloured,
is here dull purple, and covered all over with a short
pubescence. These characters, together with the pale
green spotted leaves, and coupled with the long
lasting properties of the flowers, constitute the species
a valuable one for garden purposes. It has been
flowering for some time in the Kew collection.
Mr. Leech's Orchids, Fallowfield, Man-
chester.— It is a pleasure to see a collection of
Orchids where the proverbially most difficult to man-
age East Indian section, Aerides especially, are in a
rude healthy condition, the plants keeping on thriving
with perfect foliage free from spot or blemish, remain-
ing on the plants so as to clothe their stems down to
the pots. Such is the condition of the large number
of these plants which this collection contains, and
which collectively are models of successful cultiva-
tion. Of A. Fielding!, which more than many kinds
is liable to spot in the leaves, there are quantities with
the foliage as perfect as it could possibly be, and
literally loaded with their long branching spikes ;
there are several dozen examples of A, Lobbii in similar
condition ; some of the strongest spikes measured, a
few weeks ago, as much as 35 inches, with two or
three branches each, and had not reached their ful
length. A. Dayanum, A, Warneri, A. nobile
Rucker's variety ; A. suavissimum, A. crispum,
and the beautiful A. crassifolium, the last one
of the finest of all the species, and, like the rest,
was blooming freely. One side of a good sized span-
roofed house is filled with these plants, and it does
one's eyes good to look upon them when it is no
unusual thing to hear of people giving up growing
East Indian Orchids on account of their not doing so
well as the cooler kinds. Naturally free flowerers —
as most of the species are — they bear more as well as
larger spikes when in a vigorous and healthy state,
such as the plants assume when the treatment they
receive is of a kind to bring out their true character ;
the result being that they bloom without any of the
over-drying punishing winter treatment, which, if even
carried so far as to cause the bottom leaves to pre-
maturely fall off, will not induce the plants to more
than produce an unsatisfactory amount of flower. In
an adjoining house, principally occupied by Cattleyas
and Laelias, the plants are in equally satisfactory order,
with big stout bulbs and leaves to match, free from
speck or spot. The collection is particularly rich in
C. Warneri, and others of the leading kinds ; a
remarkable plant of C. Mendeli had some seven very
strong spikes coming on. Amongst Dendrobiums is
D. Falconeri, one of the best flowered examples I
have seen, the flowers large and highly coloured ; D.
album, D. thrysiflorum, several plants bearing from a
dozen to seventeen spikes ; D. chrysotoxum, a fine
form, with ten spikes coming on. Whatever simi-
larity there may be in the flowers of Mr. Swan's
hybrid Dendrobium Leechianum to those of D. Ains-
worthii the habit of the plants is very different, differ-
ing still more as they get older, and show more of
their true character. The cool division, including
Masdevallias and Odontoglots are in equally fine
order. Amongst numbers of the latter in bloom were
O. Coradinei, deep primrose ground, with purplish-
brown spots on sepals, petals, and lip ; and one or
two other supposed natural hybrids, as yet little
known. Cypripediums thrive like weeds. The col-
lection contains most of the best representatives of the
genus, a good many of the spring-flowering kinds
being in bloom. Disa grandiflora grows with Mr.
Swan in a way that makes its flowering profusely a
certainty. The plants are as thick and stout in their
stems as Lilies growing in the open air, and are kept
quite cool and soaked with moisture regularly whilst
growing.
Cypripedium spectabile.— In Sir William Mar-
riott's garden, at Down House, Blandford, there
is a clump of this Orchid, bearing thirty spikes of
flowers, seven with single flowers, and twenty-three
with two flowers on each spike, making in all fifty-
three flowers. The original plant was put out in the
herbaceous garden about nine years ago ; all the pro-
tection it has had since has been a few leaves shaken
over the crown late in the autumn. It increases in
size very fast.
ctius 0f J00I1S.
Traiti de Botanique Medicale. — M. Baillon has
added to his already voluminous publications by
the issue of a treatise on medical botany, which com-
prises a summary of the conformation and physiology of
plants, to be followed in the next part by a description of
the plants interesting to the medical man. The book
is copiously illustrated with excellent woodcuts, many
of which have done duty before in the author's other
works. The sections relating to organography and
physiology are treated solely with reference to the
needs of medical students, and are not intended as full
expositions of the subject.
Jahrbuch Jes Roniglicken Botanischen Gar/ens
zu Berlin.— The Year-Book of the Berlin Botanic
Garden, published under the editorship of Drs.
Eichler and Garcke, contains a detailed monograph
of the Turnerace^i, by Dr. Urban, who also contri-
butes a memoir on the biology and morphology of
RutaceK ; a paper on the nature of the Andro^cium
of MalvaceEe, by Dr. SchriJter ; on the exudation of
liquid water from the leaves of plants, by Dr. Volkens ;
on the Pomaceje, by M. Wenzig — the list of which is
apparently incomplete. Dr. Garcke gives a list of
Hildebrand's Malvaceae.
Familiar Wild Flowers and Familiar Garden
Flowers (Cassell) go on in their accustomed course,
with pretty illustrations and interesting texts. The
initial letters are particularly good.
July 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
47
|M \^4i |pil |iii'(I<I».
Corious rains have fallen inmost places, providing
for the time sufficient moisture to the roots of fruit
trees, so necessary for the swelling of the fruit, which
process has been rapid during the past week. Where
wide glass copings are permanently retained, the fact
may be overlooked that the rain has not been able to
get at the roots of trees under its protection, hence it
will be found necessary to regularly supply water by
means of the hose or waterpot, and to keep them well
mulched, otherwise a premature ripening or falling off
may be anticipated. The above applies more
especially to south walls. Continue to train the
growths of Peaches and Nectarines, and keep all
lateral growths closely stopped. Apply sulphur
where mildew has made its appearance. The appli-
cation of liquid manure to fruit trees must be
governed by the general appearance of the health of
the tree, and the crop it is intended to retain. A
vigorous growing tree will perfect its fruit it mulched
and supplied with water without the aid of any
further stimulant, otherwise the vigour is increased
and the chances of a future crop lessened. Only those
of medium growth and carrying heavy crops need
the aid of liquid manure, and this must be carefully
and judiciously applied.
Finally stop the growth of Pears and Plums on
walls, also pyramids, espaliers, cordons, &c. Remove
the suckers from all kinds of fruit trees, and the
growth from the slocks of newly grafted trees. The
Apple crop now without a doubt will be good both in
gardens and orchards, the foliage as well as the fruit hav-
ing been greatly benefited by the cleansing from blight,
&c. Fig trees that have suflered from the effects of
the late spring frosts are breaking very thickly ; where
such is the case disbudding must be performed, reduc-
ing the number to one or two shoot?, as the case re-
quires, to provide against the overcrowding of branches.
Layer Strawberries for making new plantations. Well
manure and trench where it is intended to plant, if
not already done. Keep the runners cut away from
the newly planted beds stocked from the old forced
plants, also from those now yielding crops if the
runners are not required. Net up later crops on
north borders as they commence to ripen. D. C,
Powell, Powiicrham, Devon.
iBrapes anb Uineries.
The earliest houses from which all the Grapes have
been cut must have the front and back ventilators
open night and day, and plenty of clear water at the
roots when the border is dry. Houses in which the
fruit is ripe must have plenty of air on both back and
front ventilators, only closing them to keep out the
wet. When the border is dry water with clear tepid
water, choosing a bright day for the operation.
Houses in which the fruit is colouring must not be
allowed to fall lower than 65° at night, with a rise of
10° by day. Keep air on the front and back venti-
lators both night and day according to the tempera-
ture outside, and sufficient heat in the pipes to keep
the atmosphere light and dry. Damp the house
down with tepid water early in the morning on bright
days ; so that it will dry up before the air is reduced for
the evening ; when the border is dry water with clear
tepid water. Late houses of Hamburghs that are
swelling their fruit must have liberal supplies of tepid
manure-water at the roots until they commence
colouring, when clear water must be used. Very little
fire-heat will now be required, but use it to keep the
temperature from falling lower than 65° at night, and
on dull mornings a little turned on for a short time
will be of service. Admit air by the back ventilators
early in the day and increase it as the heat rises, and close
the house early in the afternoon with an abundance
of moisture. If red-spider is troublesome paint the pipes
when veryhotwith sulphur, doing it late in the evening,
and leaving the house closed until the folio wing morning,
when air must be given on the back ventilators early.
Pull out any laterals that are not required to cover
the trellis, so that the foliage has room for the sun
and light to act upon it. Muscats that are ripe will
now do without fire-heat, and must have sufficient .
clear water at the roots to keep the berries plump.
Damp the paths and borders early in the morning on
the brightest days only, as it benefits the foliage and
dries up before evening, so that the house is dry when
the air is reduced for the night. Muscats that are
colouring must be kept at a night temperature of 70°,
with a rise of 10° by day ; and when the border is dry
water with clear tepid water at 85°. Admit air on
the back ventilators early, and a little on the front,
sufficient to keep up a circulation of warm air without
a draught. Keep a little heat in the pipes until they
are ripe, and increase the air in the early part of the
day as the heat rises until mid-day, then reduce it as
the sun-heat declines in the afternoon ; they will be
better with a little back air on all night now. Mus-
cats that are swelling must have liberal supplies of
tepid manure-water at the roots, and the evaporating
pans filled with weak manure-water. Keep the night
temperature at 70°, with a rise of 10° by day. Give
back air early in the day, and increase it as the heat
rises, and close the house early in the afternoon, so
that the temperature reaches 95° after closing time
with bright sunshine ; and use plenty of atmospheric
moisture. Pull out any laterals that are not required,
so that the foliage does not become crowded. Late
varieties of Grapes can be kept at a night temperature
of 65° to 70°, with a rise of 10° by day. Admit air
on the back ventilators in the early part of the day,
and close the house early in the afternoon. When the
border is dry water liberally with tepid manure-water.
Where Lady Downe's is grown, as soon as the berries
begin to look transparent keep the atmosphere drier
and use a little extra fire-heat and air. Do not close
the house in the afternoon, but leave back air on all
night, which will prevent the berries scalding ; give
the border water when it is dry, but very little
damping down will be required. Pot Vines for early
forcing next year must have all the light possible and
plenty of heat and air ; and now that the pots are well
filled with roots they will take liberal supplies of weak
manure-water. Keep all the laterals stopped, and
close early in the afternoon. Joshua Atkins,
ff
lUhe Pine Stoue.
Clear out the plants as soon as the fruits are cut,
to make room for fruiters coming on in succession.
If succession plants are left too long before being
finally arranged at their proper distances apart the
leaves become drawn — an evil which cannot afterwards
be corrected. All available space will be required at
the present time, more especially where a large number
are grown. Frames on dung beds are excellent places
for rooted suckers or newly potted or small succession
plants. In these quarters they start away freely,
making a stout sturdy growth with short thick stems
— appearances that at once indicate good cultivation.
Give succession plants every encouragement during
the next three months to make a rapid growth, so
that it may be well matured by autumn. Close both
fruiting and succession-houses early in the afternoons,
the former by 4 P.M. at 90°, allowing for a rise as high
as 95° or 100° for a short time after closing with ade-
quate dampings. Let the damping be done when each
house is closed, also keep down the blinds or shading
until 4.30 or S P.M. during very hot and bright after-
noons. These precautions prevent anychance of scald-
ing. When damping down let the front portion of the
houses be done thoroughly first, so as to steam the
glass and prevent any chance of burning. Where
early closing with high solar temperatures is carried
out, these injunctions must be strictly adhered to.
Damp all plants over once a day, plying the syringe
well round the collars, so that the aerial roots
in the axils of the leaves are kept moist. A
late batch of Queens should now be starting
with some Smooth Cayennes and Charlotte Roths-
childs ; these will come in at a good time in the
autumn, when home-grown Pines are in great
demand, and before good St. Michael's are in the
market. Take ofT suckers from the old stems, expose
the base of the sucker to the sun for twenty-four
hours, and when potted plunge them in a brisk tem-
perature for three or four weeks. Give fruiting
plants liquid manure each time they are watered, and
the succession plants liquid manure at every alternate
watering. D. IVilson.
ACANTHOMENTHA ILICIFOLIA is a recently in-
troduced Californian Labiate, which will shortly be
figured in the Botanical Magazine. It is a dwarf
free-flowering annual, with spiny bracts (like Holly
leaves in miniature), and large, slender-tubed, lilac
and white flowers. It is now in bloom in the Kew
collection, and will probably become a general
favourite before long.
NOTES ON VEGETABLES.
Carter's New Peas. — The experience of another
year leads me to form even a higher opinion of the
Messrs. Carter's new Peas than I had previously
entertained of them. They are not only fine, but
also truly grand looking Peas, and being prodigious
bearers of large well-filled pods, they form a note-
worthy feature in the kitchen gardens here, as in other
places, and are the admiration of all who see them —
the effect produced by rows of these Peas — Tele-
graph, Telephone, Stratagem, and Pride of the
Market — being such as to call forth the remark, " It
is a pity to pick them ! " To those who experience
any difficulty in procuring long Pea-sticks I would
strongly recommend them to grow Pride of the Market
and Stratagem Peas, which, being dwarf varieties
(from 2j to 3 feet high), require very short sticks ;
but, being such heavy croppers, they require sub-
stantial supports to prevent the heavily laden haulms
being prostrated in consequence thereof. Therefore,
in the absence of suitable sticks, and to prevent such
an undesirable occurrence as that above indicated
taking place, a few Rose sticks shoidd be stuck
firmly in the ground at short intervals on either side
the rows of Peas, and to these be strained a few
lengths of tar-string, and connect them at short inter-
vals, to insure strength, and thereby prevent the
haulms swaying. H. W. Ward, Longford Castk,
FRUIT NOTES.
Cherries. — Although these are not over-abundant
they are very fine this year, which is more than could
have been expected, as they appeared sadly pinched
by frost and cold just after setting, which caused many
to fall, through imperfect stoning ; but those remaining
have since been favoured by the soaking rains and
warm weather, which set them swelling at a rapid
rate before ripening off. The sorts that do best with
us are Frogmore Bigarreau, Governor Wood, Black
Eagle, Knight's Early Elton, May Duke, and Circas-
sian, which come in quick succession in the order
named, and I think are the richest flavoured any one
can have for dessert. Governor Wood is a very pale
semi-transparent kind and an enormous cropper, the
Cherries hanging quite thick from all the spurs up the
entire length of the branches. Frogmore Bigarreau is
larger and brighter, putting on mucb colour when
exposed to the sun, and when fully ripe is of exquisite
flavour. Black Eagle is a small sort, very black and
shiny looking, with firm flesh and the sweetest of
juice. To get these three early they should be planted
on a warm sunny wall in a sheltered spot, to save
their blossoms from being cut off in the spring.
Knight's Early Black is much bigger than Black
Eagle, and has a finer appearance, but is not equal in
quality. Circassian, or Tartarian, as it is sometimes
called, is a templing looking fruit, having a glossy
blue-black skin, and when allowed to hang a fair
time on the tree is of very fair flavour. The Elton is
quite unsurpassed among the whites, and it not only
bears the finest and best of Cherries, but is a strong,
hardy habited kind and an excellent doer. May Duke
is only fit for tarts, and as Ihe berries hang long on
the tree it lasts in use till the Morellos come in. For
cooking these are quite unrivalled, as they have a
pleasant subacid flavour that no others possess.
Fortunately, the crops of this sort are good this year,
especially on walls, where the trees are laden and
will soon be a fine sight, y. Shepfard.
Washington Apple. — The last number of the
Florist includes an illustration of this beautiful Apple,
exhibited by Mr. George Bunyard at one of the Koyal
Horticultural Society's meetings. It is an American
fruit, of large size, symmetrical form, ovoid truncate,
the short stalk set in a deep basin, and the eye also
depressed ; skin yellow, flecked with crimson ; flesh
while, juicy, perfumed.
Peach Early Chevalier.— In the Eevue Horti-
cole for June 16 is a figure of the Pcche precoce Che-
valier of the French, a seedling, the main interest
attaching to which is the fact that early and late
varieties are produced on different branches of the
same tree, which leads M. CarriSke to recommend
that in the selection of grafts care should be taken to
take them from the best or most suitable branches.
The early variety is like Early Beatrice ; the late one
is almost identical, save that it is a month later.
48
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[July 14, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
July 17-
Wednesday, July 18
THUKSDAY, July IQ
Leek Rose Show.
Evesham Flower Show.
Sale of Imported aud Established Orchids,
at Protheroe iL Morris' Rooms.
Darlington Rose Show.
Nottingham Floral Fete (two days}.
Loughborough Flower Show.
Sale of Established Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Evening Fete at Chiswick.
Sale ot Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
SATURDAY. Julyzi^ Rose and Strawberry Show in the Botanical
' J J ' ^ Gardens, Old i rafford.
IN a recent number we alluded to certain ap-
pearances connected with the Growth
OF Conifers, which, from what we learn, have
attracted some attention (see p. 792, vol. xix).
This can hardly be from any absolute novelty,
for they must have often been noted by others, but
from the light they throw on the mode of growth
and the suggestions they offer to the thoughtful
culturist. We propose, therefore, to speak now of
a few additional matters of the same kind,
which have struck our attention in watching
the development of these plants in the course
of the current spring. For the present we shall
deal with the subject in a somewhat desultory
fashion, in the hope at some future time of co-
relating our notes and adverting to the litera-
ture of the subject.
Every one must have observed the Chinese
Juniper, with its leaves of two different shapes ;
some small, more or less pressed against the
stem, the others more closely crowded and
spreading, as shown in our ilUustration of
Juniperus bermudiana at p. 6:57, vol. xix.
The Pines and Retinosporas occasionally
show something of the same kind, and
a walk through any collection of these plants
will furnish abundant illustrations to the careful
observer. It is always interesting to try and
ascertain the reason for this diversity, satis-
fied with the conviction that, ultimately at
least, the knowledge so gained may be turned
to practical use. The figure on p. 45, of
two sprays of Pinus Pinea, shows a not unfre-
quent condition in some species of Pinus, espe-
cially P. Sabiniana. It will be seen by the
figure that while the longer shoot has the
leaves in tufts in the usual way the shorter
branch, at least at the upper part, has smaller
leaves, arranged, not in tufts, but scattered on
all sides of the stem. There is a marked differ-
ence in colour in the case of P. Pinea between
the two sets of leaves, the tufted ones being
deep green, the scattered ones glaucous-blue.
The two sprays of Pinus monophylla at p. 44
show a similar diversity in the leaves, and show,
moreover, that the apparent unity of the leaf in
this plant is due to the fusion or lack of separa-
tion of two leaves — a point, however, the con-
sideration of which we do not intend further to
advert to now. Any one who has grown Pines
from the seedling stage knows full well that
in the first instance in the young seedling
the leaves are scattered, and that the tufts
are not produced till later on. So far, then, the
case of the Pinus Pinea just alluded to is simply
due to the appearance at an advanced age of the
condition which is universal in the seedling stage.
Adverting now to the Junipers and Thuias, where
the twofold foliage is very common, we may
note that in the leader or extension shoots,
where the growth in length of the central axis
is relatively very active, the leaves are rela-
tively small, pressed up against the axis, and
often, as it is termed, " decurrent " — that is, that
the base of the leaf appears to run down the stem
for a certain distance, causing little furrows in
the stem. The real explanation is, not that the
leaf runs down the stem, as the term decurrent
implies, but that the base of the leaf, not being
early detached from the shoot from which
it is produced, as it is when growth is
slower and less active, is raised or up-
lifted with the fast lengthening shoot, producing
the appearance in question, while the longitudinal
furrows are clearly the beginning of those much
deeper cracks which characterise the bark of
the older stems. The irregular cracks and
plates of the bark, then, have their origin, in a
great measure, if not wholly, in the tiny
furrows visible on the baby shoot. In those
shoots which are not specially destined to
extend the framework of the tree or bush, and
which we may, for our present purpose, call
furnishing shoots, the growth in length of the
shoot is relatively less active, and the leaves,
instead of being uplifted with the growing
shoot, detach themselves from it at once, and
produce quite a different appearance — an ap-
pearance like that of the leaves in the seedling
stage. In the Junipers we get both kinds of
leaves on the same bush ; but in the Retino-
sporas it often happens that we get only the one
form or the other. Presently, from some acci-
dent, the true nature of the case is revealed by a
" sport," and the Retinospora is shown to be, in
some cases at least, only a form of Thuia or
a Juniperus.
In some variegated Junipers now before
us the distribution of the variegation is very
instructive. In the free, rapid growing
extension shoots the variegation is trifling
or absent, while in the furnishing shoots
of shorter, closer, slower growth, where the
leaves are free at the base, relatively broader,
and spreading, there the variegation is much
more pronounced. We do not say it is always
so, but the tendency in those plants where the
two forms exist together on the same bush is as
we have described it. It seems clear, then,
that the one form of leaf is specially connected
with the rapid growth of the shoot, the other
with a less rapid development.
If we inquire further into the meaning of this
twofold character of the leaves of Conifers we
shall see that it opens up suggestions as to the
history and genealogy of the plants, their life-
work or physiology, their relation to the nature
of the Pine needles — a very contested point, and
as to the very peculiar conformation of their
flowers. These latter points are extremely
interesting, but too abstruse to be entered upon
here without giving fuller details than we have
now space for.
As to the historical interest, it consists in the
fact that the reproduction in adult age of pecu-
liarities usually met with only in the seedling
stage, suggests a possible clue to the origin of
Conifers. Just as the scattered leaves on the
adult branches reproduce the seedling state, so,
it may be argued, does that seedling state
reproduce for us the original condition of the
Conifers from which, in course of ages, existing
Conifers have been evolved by progressive
development. For the most part this is
at present matter for pure speculation ; still,
there is a basis of fact in it, and every day
broadens that base, and increases the proba-
bility of the deductions. From considerations
of floral structure, and especially from the
development of the seedling from the
very earliest stages, only to be made
out by patient and continuous micro-
scopic study, it has been established with
something like certainty that the Conifers re-
present an advanced stage of some such plants
the Lycopodiums and Selaginellas, or rather
perhaps that they all, together with the
Cycads, had a common origin, from which
they have diverged in various directions accord-
ing to circumstances. If the twofold leaves
of Conifers, as above described, be compared
with the twofold leaves of Selaginellas, and
if the scattered leaves on such a shoot as
that of P. Pinea be compared with the shoot
and leaves of some of the larger Lycopods, an in-
teresting analogy at any rate may be observed
— an analogy strengthened very materially by
the minute details of floral development before
mentioned. It must not be overlooked, how-
ever, that similarity of form and disposition
may be produced by similarity of condition
quite apart from community of descent, and
therefore no value can be attached to it,
unless substantiated by evidence of other
kinds, evidence that is, as we have said,
forthcoming. The twofold leaves then may
reasonably be considered to afford a clue to
the course of development and genealogical
descent of the Coniferaj. But this may be
thought too hypothetical, and in these days
when by some ready writers brilliant hypotheses
are spun at the writing-table rather than cau-
tiously evolved by persistent observation in the
plantation and careful and continuous scrutiny at
the work-table of the microscopist — it is
well not to be led away by speculation, how-
ever fascinating, but to be content to plod on
carefully in the more secure paths of obser-
vation and experiment.
Turning, then, to the life-work or physiology
of these twofold leaves, what has observation
to teach us ? Well nigh everything, it may be
answered ; and byway of illustration let us take
the case of the breathing pores, or " stomata " —
little orifices in the skin of the leaf destined for
the passage of vapours from the interior of
the leaf, and perhaps in the reverse direc-
tion also. If now these pores be looked at
in the two forms of leaves it may be seen,
even with a high-powered pocket lens, that
these breathing pores are relatively more
numerous upon the free scattered leaves than
they are upon the smaller adnate leaves. In
Junipers and Thuias this is particularly appa-
rent. In the ordinary form of leaf the stomata
are frequently (not always) confined to a com-
paratively small area, while in the free leaves
the stomata are not only much more numerous,
but they are disposed over a much wider area,
so that the function of the stomata, whatever it
be, is much more active in the free primordial
leaves than in those more particularly charac-
teristic of the adult foliage. The office, then, of
the leaves on the fast growing extension shoots
is different, in degree at any rate, from that of
the leaves on the slower growing furnishing
shoots. In the Junipers this is particularly
evident from the fact that the pores are spe-
cially abundant on the upper surface (not, as in
the majority of plants where the pores are most
abundant, beneath), and their large numbers
correspond to the glaucous-blue colour so very
distinct as the season of the year upon the upper
surface of the free leaves of the Juniper.
Another circumstance of interest, and pos-
sibly of genealogical importance also, is the
fact, not generally known or recorded, that the
breathing pores on the cotyledons of many flat-
leaved Conifers, like the Silver Firs, are on
the upper surface ; while on the succeeding
leaves they are on the lower. We must not,
however, pursue the subject further now ; it
must suffice if we have made it clear that fuller
insight into the matters now brought under
notice would not only be interesting but practi-
cally important, for in order to improve in our
methods of cultivation and management of
plants the first essential is a thorough know-
ledge of their structure and mode of growth.
Rhododendron Nuttalli. — This grand
Rhododendron is a native of Bhotan, whence it was
introduced nearly a quarter of a century since by Mr.
Booth. The foliage is noble of itself, the bullate
leaves being of a dark green colour, thick in texture,
and with the veins on the under surface of a reddish
colour ; and the large trusses of fine white flowers
with golden throat truly magnificent. It is too
tender for outdoor cultivation, but well suited for
conservatories or winter gardens. Mr. Otto
FoRSTER, of Augsburg was, we believe, the first
to flower this magnificent species. The truss of
flowers is too large for us to give any adequate repre-
sentation of it, on which account Mr. Fitch has
selected two separate flowers, sufficient, at least, to
ustify our remarks, (See fig. 10.)
The Royal Society. — Professor Huxley
has been elected President in lieu of the late Mr,
Spottiswoode.
50
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[JULV 14, 1883,
The Troubles ofI'a Local Board. —
Abroad the gendarmes have orders to arrest all
vagrant Phylloxeras. At home the district surveyor
is called on to remove all nuisances, and, to do him
justice, he is more successful than his brother officer
across the Channel. We cut the following from a
local paper, retaining the spelling, but removing the
names. The culprit was evidently the loathsome
Phallus impudicus. "Obnoxious fungii. — The Sur-
veyor said for some time complaints had been made
of an offensive smell in Lane, and considerable
efforts had to be expended before the source could be
trace. Eventually the road foreman discovered a
quantity of fungii on the inside of the park fence, and
this was found to be the cause of the nuisance, which
at times was of a most sicltly character. (A speci-
men of the fungii was here brought before the Board,
the effluvia from which quite scented the room.)
Mr. said this fungii was known by the name of
'stinking horn.' — Mr. : Is it injurious to health?
— Mr. said it would be injurious to remain in
the vitiated air for long together. — In reply to Mr.
the Surveyor said the fungii were discovered in
the grounds of two ladies."
"The Shakspere Flora."— In our notice
of this new book of Mr. Leo Grindon's we adverted
to what appeared to be an oversight in reference to
the introduction of the Birch tree. We had not then
observed that the author gives it, in his preface, as a
printer's error for Larch. Mr. Grindon adopts the
spelling of Shakspere (not Shakespere), we may
add, in deference to the choice of ways made by the
London " New Shakspere Society."
Sarcocaulon Bukmannii. — Amongst the
many strange forms of Geraniaceae which abound in
South Africa, one of the most remarkable is that
which forms the subject of this note. It is conspicu-
ous for its woody stem, which abounds in resin ; its
short tortuous branches, slender spines, dark green
two-lobed leaves, and beautiful plaited, pearly-white,
faintly rose- tinged corollas. Specimens are now in
flower in the Cape collection at Kew. The plant is
well figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 5729,
Mesembryanthemum violaceum is one of
the most free- flowering and neat-habited of the large
genus to which it belongs. It has rather large hand-
some violet-purple blossoms, and altogether is a most
desirable plant for conservatory decoration. Well-
rooted and established cuttings planted out in summer
in a hot, well-drained border grow freely and make a
splendid show during bright sunny weather.
Wood Forests and Estates of Perth-
shire.— We are glad to see that the remarkable
series of articles on this subject, published in the
Perthshire Constitutional is to be reprinted as a
separate volume, illustrated by woodcuts,
"Flora op British India."— We are glad
to be able to announce the publication of the tenth
part of this important work, or the first part of the
fourth volume. It comprises the orders from the
Asclepiads onwards to the commencement of the
Scrophulariads. Sir Joseph Hooker describes the
plants of the two orders mentioned, the remainder,
including the Gentians, Borages, Convolvulads, Sol-
anads, &c., being the work of Mr. C. B. Clarke.
Federation of French Horticijltural
Societies. — Following the practice of their Belgian
neighbours, the French provincial horticultural socie-
ties have banded themselves together, or are in pro-
cess of so doing. The object is to establish co-opera-
tion between the several societies, to ascertain the
general current opinion upon horticultural matters,
and exercise conjoint influence in case of need, A
Congress will be held annually in some French town.
TheContinuityofProtoplasm.— Tosome
this expression might be rather alarming, while others
might derive as much comfort from it as from that
blessed word Mesopotamia. The physiologist in his
turn will look upon it with interest and satisfaction.
Up till recently it has been held that plants were made
up of cells or bags containing the protoplasm, and
that, unless in exceptional cases, there was no passage
of the protoplasm Irom one cell to another, although
there are, in many instances, pores through which
such passage might, it would seem, be made. Any
communication from cell to cell was supposed to be
made by exudation of thinner liquid only, and not by
passage of the thicker protoplasm. Lately, however,
Mr. Gardiner has demonstrated the passage of
threads of protoplasm through the pores. This was
accomplished by first causing the cell-membrane to
swell up by means of sulphuric acid, and afterwards
by staining the section with a solution of Koffmann's
blue in alcohol, saturated with picric acid, by which
means the protoplasm threads are coloured. By this
process the continuity of, or rather the passage of, the
protoplasm from cell to cell of the pulvinus, or swollen
base of the leaf-stalk, of the Sensitive-plant was de-
monstrated, as also in the case of the cells surround-
ing the embryo in the case of numerous seeds.
It is obvious that these experiments have an im-
portant bearing on the changes in the degree of
tension and movements of leaves, c&c, as also on
many phenomena of nutrition.
The Botanic Garden, Cambridge.— We
are glad to learn that the Senate has authorised the
opening of the gardens to members of the University
on the afternoons of Sundays. The opening of the
Royal Gardens at Kew on the Sunday, which has
now been practised for very many years, has, we
believe, been productive of nothing but good.
Samuel Dale. — The Journal of Botany
for the current month contains a portrait of Samuel
Dale, together with a short biographical notice by
Mr. G. S. BouLGER. Dale was the neighbour and
executor of Ray. In the preface to the Historia
Plantarum Ray acknowledges his indebtedness to
his friend, while it would seem that it was to Ray
that Dale owed his early proficiency in natural
history,
Rabbits as a Food Supply. — The gar-
dener does not look on the rabbit as a friend, but he
may remember the adage — Fas est et] ai hosts doceri,
and turn his enemy to advantage. Major Morant's
little book, published by Ridgway, will show him
how to do this. The Major is flippant, and allows
his political proclivities to show themselves where
they should be as little seen as "fur" in a flower
garden. There is, however, not much of his book, a
fact which will be consolatory to those who remember
the "rabbits tender, rabbits tough;" at the same
time there is a good deal in it, and so without
endorsing all the arithmetical details, we may com-
mend the production to the serious attention of our
readers.
Affinity of Gakrya and Aucuba. —
M. Carrikre, alluding, in the Revue Horticole, to
the curious illustration of affinity as furnished by the
grafting of the Garrya upon the Aucuba, recently
brought before the Scientific Committee, says that
twenty years ago he published an account of a similar
graft. No doubt, therefore, the practice has been
directly or indirectly adopted from M. CarriJire, or
from French gardens.
Relation between Seeding and Quality
IN certain Vegetables and Fruits. — Any
experiments which go to the definition and establish-
ment of natural laws cannot fail to be of value, even
if incomplete. Dr. E. Lewis Sturtevant, in a
paper contributed to the Society for the Promotion of
Agricultural Science at Cincinnati, says, from obser-
vations he has made, there appears to be a fixed
relation between the quality of our various fruits and
garden vegetables, and the abundance of the seed
produced by such plants. In 1S79, Dr. Sturtevant
became more strongly impressed with this fact in the
case of fruit of the Christiana Melon. Of the
crop o( 1881 he tasted many hundred Melons,
keeping the seed of those which were of very
superior flavour and quality. Where the quality was
very superior, the Doctor invariably found the quality
of seed small ; where the quality was not up to
standard, the seeds were in greater abundance ; but
where the quality was very inferior, the seeds were
exceedingly numerous : from which fact it seems
probable that as our fruits and vegetables gain in form
and quality, that this gain is counterbalanced by a
corresponding loss elsewhere, A summary of the re-
sults obtained by Dr. Sturtevant goes to prove that
a relation certainly exists between the number and
size of the seed, and the character of the fruit in the
first instance, as between the germinating power
of the seed and the character of the fruit in the second.
That the best fruits and vegetables prove to have the
smallest seeds in the least numbers is not therefore a
deduction but a fact, and it is of course a most in-
teresting and important fact to establish, that the
lowest standard of fertility in plants indicates the
highest type. This is known to be the case in our
improved breeds of cattle, and there is much in all
this to sustain Darwin's theories concerning
Natural Selection, The entire subject is decidedly,
therefore, one of great importance both to the agricul-
turist, the gardener, and botanist.
Lace Bonnets (we learn from the Queen)
are now sometimes trimmed with real Pines and
cones ; they are genuine Pines, with the perfume
preserved, and are treated so that decay is arrested.
They are arranged as a wreath round the crowns of
small white lace bonnets, mounted on gilt frames,
and occasionally Ox-eye Daisies and Horse Chestnut
flowers mingle with them. The effect of the dark
green Pines on the white lace is, we learn from our
contemporary — rather singular we should have
thought, but of course on such matters our opinions
would have no weight — cool and pleasing,
The Potato Crop,— There is a general
consensus of opinion that the Potato crop never looked
better than it does just now— a fact that signally
proves the falsity of all those pessimist croakings
heard from time to time, that Potatos were in danger
of being exterminated. How the case would have
stood had the country been still dependent upon the
favoured kinds of ten or twelve years since is a
problem as to which we need not now greatly concern
ourselves. It is pleasanter and safer to concern our-
selves with facts rather than with conjectures — for
" facts are chiels that winna ding, and dinna be dis-
puted," Potatos will probably tuber late because,
owing to a late spring, they were late in making
growth, whilst so far the season has been unusually
favourable to the development of that growth. Some
of the robust kinds are unusually strong, but all seem
very sound and flourishing so far, and it is noteworthy
that most kinds which bloom are flowering most
freely. Indeed, in a field where several free blooming
kinds are being grown the flowers are so abundant
as to make the field for the time resemble a
huge flower garden. The unusual warmth has doubt-
less tended to promote this luxuriant growth
of plant and abundant bloom. In spite of
the partial showers which have fallen, however,
the soil is fast becoming heated and dry. The strong
growth on the one hand and the heat on the other are
fast telling upon the earth, and moisture is being
rapidly absorbed. We shall soon probably have to
take our^chances between heavy.rain — which will whilst
promoting tuber growth also promote the fungoid
disease— and continued drought, which will, if protect-
ing from disease, also seriously check the swelling of
the tubers. In any case it is pleasant to find that, so
far, we have reached the second week in July and
little or nothing has yet been heard of the fatal spot
which marks the progress of the Peronospora.
Dracocephalum austriacum. — For choice
borders or for the rock garden, this is a most useful
subject. The plant attains the height of from 9 to
12 inches, and branches to such an extent as to form
quite a hemispheric little bush, which is thickly
set with tubular Pentstemon-like flowers of a light
slatey-blue, the effect of which is decidedly pleasing.
In the herbaceous grounds at the York Nurseries we
saw this finely in flower. Dracocephalum speciosum
is a singular kind, with large heads of dark blue
flowers, very pubescent, stems 9 to 15 inches high.
It is a distinct herbaceous plant.
Wild Flowers.— Apart from what has been
written in these pages recently respecting the desira-
bility of teaching children something useful about
wild flowers, a few successive exhibitions of these
flowers shown in monotonous and rudely constructed
bunches by the score, as seen in abundance at this time
of the year, is enough to disenchant even the most en-
thusiastic admirer of wild flowers as to the usefulness
of such displays. A collection of some forty or fifty
bunches of wild flowers and grasses put together with-
out taste or skill, and without even the rudest attempt
at classification, can do no earthly good nor teach any
useful lesson. Indeed, so far from good resulting,
rather is evil likely to follow from the indiscriminate
and ruthless plucking of so many beautiful flowers
from the hedgerows and woodlands, especially when
done by children, as they gather them, not out of
pure and natural love for the flowers, but rather
July 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..
51
because they have some pecuniary interest to serve in so
doing. To such little ones, reckless gathering of wild
flowers tends, not to inculcate a reverence fur them, or
for any flowers, but rather feelings of contempt and of
disregard, Thosewhowould wish to teach a knowledge
of, and an intelligent love for birds, would hardlybegin
by inciting their disciples to rob the birds'-nests of their
eggs, and in the same way rude and uncultivated pluck-
ings of wild flowers will rather promote ignorance
than knowledge. It may be not unworthy to use wild
flowers in moderation and intelligently for the decor-
ation of vases, or any kind of flower-stands, however
simple, where taste rather than quantity is the ruling
aim. Better still, however, is it to make the flowers
and grasses the means of imparting simple botanical
knowledge ; and once a love for such knowledge is
acquired, then a genuine love for the flowers will be
created also.
Street Trees.— One of the prettiest of our
suburban boulevards, Sutton Court Road, adjoining
the Royal Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick, is, we
fear, in danger of being seriously injured by the action
of the Local Board. Those who have entered the
Horticultural Gardens from the new entrance in the
Sutton Court Road at this time of the year, can
hardly have failed to admire the long lines of Acacias
which have been planted near the edge of the paths
on either side. These trees, hard pruned early every
spring, have developed during each succeeding
summer handsome, indeed we may say elegant,
heads of foliage, dense, rich green, and beautiful.
The Acacia is notoriously a loose, straggling looking
tree when left to its own devices, but bears hard
cropping perhaps better than any other large growing
kind. It suffers quickly from lack of moisture, and
therefore it is of the first importance that that element
should be accessible. Hitherto the Sutton Court
Road paths have been of gravel, through which the
water could percolate freely, whilst the road, having
been a private one, had been for a long time in that
delightful state which usually marks private roads in
suburban districts. The Local Board, however, have
now got possession of the road, and their first proceed-
ing has been to kerb and channel the sides with stone.
Then they have covered the paths with asphalte, thus
excluding from the roots of the unfortunate Acacias,
henceforth and for ever, all moisture and air ; and
finally, they are macadamising the road, so that every
drop of rain which falls on it shall pass into the stone
channels, and thence into the drains, to be carried
where it is not wanted — into the Thames. About I
foot square space has been left round the stems,
but it need hardly be said that the end of these
charming trees must be near. How true it is, that
if God gives us the country, man — and too often very
stupid man — makes the town.
Hardy Plants at the Birmingham Bo-
tanic Gardens. — Amongst a good selection of
hardy herbaceous plants in this garden the Irises are
conspicuous. The barbatum section is strongly re-
presented— at the time we saw them many were in
flower, others fast approaching this state. It seems
strange that these, the hardiest of hardy plants, are
not more generally grown than at present, for when-
ever planted in a situation where they have a fair
chance, in decent soil, net too near trees so as to be
impoverished by their roots, they go on increasing in
size and strength for years with little attention. Their
charming flowers, which apart from their individual
beauty are so distinct from others, are amongst the
most effective for cutting. For using in this way
there is one peculiarity attached to them not present in
all flowers, that is, the unopened blooms expand in
water almost as perfectly as when growing on
the plant. Saxifrages thrive well on a sloping
bank adjoining the principal walk : amongst those
in flower were S. umbrosa elegans, S. umbrosa
variegata, S. pyramidalis, S. geum, S. Andrewsii,
S. hypnoides elegantissima, S. affinis, S. aizoon, S.
oajspitosa, S. decipiens, S. pectinata, S. globuligera,
S. palmata, S. hirsuta, S. incurvifolia, S. altissima,
S. peltata. Alpines as well as herbaceous plants
thrive well, the soil is light, and consequently there
is less trouble with those worst of pests, slugs, which
in heavy adhesive soils make the cultivation of this
class of plants all but impossible, as those who have
attempted to grow them in land of this description
know to their cost. The collection in this garden
thrive, and have a healthy appearance about them
ndicative of careful attention, Amongst many others
in bloom, in addition to those already named that
were in flower, was Thalictrum aquilegifolium, Rheum
palmatum, Orobus lathyroides, Asphodelus ramosus,
Silene maritima, Doronicum caucasicum, Camassia
esculenta. Polygonum Bistorta. Armeria maritima,
A. montana, Veronica gentianoides, V. prostrata.
Ranunculus speciosus, Anthericum liliastrum, double
and single Zinnias, I'yrethrums, double and single.
These general favourites thrive and bloom here pro-
fusely, and are amongst the most effective plants grown.
An unnamed Lychnis from the Alps, with very dark
pink flowers, which it produces freely, is a welcome
addition to these interesting plants. In a number of
seedling Aquilegias in bloom were several that pro-
mised to take a place amongst these beautiful flowers.
Antennaria dioica does remarkably well. Violas
succeed well in this garden, and are freely used.
Nothing could be finer than some beds in the Rose
garden, so full of flowers were they as to completely
hide the leaves,
The " Encyclop.'EDIA Americana" aims
at supplying the want of both English and American
readers by devoting a large part of its space to articles
relating to historical events, geographical explora-
tions, scientific researches and discoveries, the pro-
gress of speculative thought, politics, law, fine arts,
industries, inventions, natural history, and biographies
(including the distinguished men that have recently
passed away, viz., Carlyle, Emerson, Garfield,
Gambetta, Jessel, &c.). Other topics distinctively
American, including its religious denominations and
benevolent institutions ; its great natural resources ;
its agriculture, in many respects so different from that
of other countries ; its enormous deposits of coal ; its
remarkable growth of railroads ; the adaptation of
electricity to various purposes ; its construction of
bridges, aqueducts, and public buildings ; its banking
and other features of finance, receive particular^atten-
tion ; also, for the first time in a general Encyclopsedia,
a clear and concise series of articles upon the origin,
character, and career of the several political parties in
the United States. These volumes may be regarded
as furnishing a valuable and indispensable addition,
not only to the Encyclopcidia Brilannica — now pass-
ing through its ninth edition — but also to all other
standard works of a similar character.
Tree Ferns at the Birmingham Botanic
Gardens. — The fine collection of Tree Ferns in the
conservatory here is amongst the best grown of any with
which we are acquainted. The plants have tall, straight
stems, supporting massive heads that show, by the un-
usual quantity of fronds they carry, that they are vigor-
ous, and are kept free from insects, without which these
plants never can be expected to have well-furnished
beads. There is amongst them a very interesting
plant, raised by the Curator, Mr. Latham, some
twenty-five years ago. The history of the plant is
this : — A pan of the spores from D. antarctica was
sown and stood beside another in which the spores
of D. arborescens were sown at the same time. From
the first, when the seedlings began to show their
character, there were two or three which had a de-
cidedly different appearance to the others. These
were not lost sight of, and as in the course of
years they grew, the difference was still more
apparent, and such as led Mr. Latham to suspect
they were hybrids between the two parents
above-named. And there is no doubt they
partake of the character of both parents in some
respects, but are essentially different to either in
others. The specimen now in the large conservatory
has a short thick stem over a foot in diameter, with
an immense head of fronds 16 or iS feet through, the
fronds being structurally different to those of any
species in cultivation j in addition to which they are
much more enduring, retaining their vitality for
several years. They assume an erect position, more like
those of Cyathea medullaris than any other tree
species. Mr. Latham has also another seedling Tree
Fern that has attained a size sufficient to show its
habit, which is intermediate between that of Cyathea
princeps and Alsophila excelsa ; the fronds and rachis
are somewhat after those of the Cyathea, whilst it
shows the Alsophila parentage, but the pinnules are
much more open than those of either of its parents.
It is a noble Fern, with a strong, vigorous habit.
Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, — This
rare and curious Orchid was exhibited by Mr, DlNS-
MORE, Gardener to T, F, Blackwell, Esq,, The
Cedars, Harrow Weald, at the Harrow Flower Show,
on Tuesday. The flower-spike bore seven of the
large wax-like blossoms, Indian-yellow in colour,
densely spotted with crimson. The flowers exhale a
delightful odour of cinnamon. Although this fine
Orchid has been known for a long time it is yet rare.
The Rev. K. R. Benyo.n'.— Many readers
of this journal will regret to hear of the death, on the
7th inst. , of that fine old English gentleman, the
Rev. E. R. Benvon, of Culford Hall, near Bury St.
Edmunds. The fine estate at Culford, consisting of
1 2,000 acres, and including fi ve entire parishes, became
his about forty years ago. He was one of the most
liberal of landlords, generous to a degree in his con-
tributions to benevolent objects, and a great promoter
of gardening,
LiTTONiA Keiti.— Under this name there is
now in flower, in the Kew collection, a plant which
was presented by lierr Max Leichtlin. It is
apparently a vigorous and rather large flowered form
of the pretty L. modesta, which, itself, is a charming
plant for cool-house decoration. L. Keiti differs from
this somewhat in the different shape of its tubers, and
in its larger handsome orange-yellow flowers.
Miss North. —This enterprising lady has,
we learn, returned from South Africa, bringing
with her a large collection of drawings,
■ • The Weather.— General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending July 9, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London : — The weather has been generally
cloudy, or rather dull, with somewhat frequent
showers. During the first few days thunderstorms
were very prevalent over England, and in some parts
of Scotland. The temperature has been a little above
the mean in all the "wheat-producing districts," as
well as in "Scotland, W. ; " but slightly below,
or about equal to, its normal value in Ireland and
the west of England. The maxima readings were
registered in most places on the 3d, and varied from
75° to 82° over the greater part of England, and from
69° to 72° elsewhere. The minima, which were
recorded on different days in the various districts,
ranged from 45° in "Scotland, VV." and "England,
N.W.," and 46° in "Ireland, N.," to 51° in "England,
S." Rainfall has been more than the mean in all the
"grazing districts " as well as in " Scotland, E. " ;
but at most of the English stations a deficit is
reported. Bright sunshine percentages have not
differed much from those recorded during last week ;
in " England, E.," 43 ot the possible duration has
been registered, and in " England, S.," 37 ; while in
"England, N.E.,"and "Ireland, N.," only 29 has
been recorded, and in " Ireland, S.," only 20.
Depressions observed :— Pressure has continued com-
paratively high and steady on the southern and eastern
parts of our area, and rather low and unsteady over
Great Britain and Ireland. Several thunderstorm
depressions have again passed across and developed
over our islands, while some larger disturbances have
skirted our northern and north-western coasts. The
winds, which have been generally light or moderate
in force, have varied in direction between S,, S.W,,
and S,E,
The Bury St. Edmunds Horticultural
Society. — We understand that Mr. Peter Grieve,
late of Culford, has temporarily undertaken the
duties of Secretary of this Society, consequent upon
the death of Mr. Alderman Clay, who for so many
years efficiently carried out the duties of that office.
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. Wm.
Taylor, who for the last fourteen years has been
Gardener to the Marquis of Bath at Longleat, has
resigned, and Mr. Pratt, late of Ilawkstone, has
been engaged to succeed him. Mr, Pratt's Shrop-
shire friends presented him with a purse of sovereigns
before he left Lord Hill's service, — ■ Mr, W,
Milne, for the past six years Foreman in The Gardens
at Wimbledon House, as Gardener and Forester on
the Levens estates, Westmoreland, in succession to
Mr, Craig, who is leaving through a change of
ownership, after nearly twenty-five years' service. —
Mr. J. F. Davies, also of The Gardens, Wimbledon
House, as Gardener at East Hill House, Wimbledon.
Mr. Wm. Drummond, late Gardener at Brandsby
Lodge, Easingwold, Yorkshire, as Gardener to Sir
James Bourne, Bart., Draytorj Hall, West Drayton,
Middlesex,
52
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 14, 1883.
JiojVIE j^^ORREgPOjNDEJHCE.
Strawberries at the Bath. Exhibition.— At
the Bath Rose and Strawberry exhibition, held on the
3d inst., the Strawberry certainly shared to a great
extent the admiration and eulogium the public
showered upon its rival for the day, the queen of
flowers. Seldom is the Strawberry exhibited in such
perfection and quantity. Conspicuous among the
varieties staged was Sir Joseph Paxton ; for the single
dish it was awarded both ist and 2d honours ; and in
the classes for three and six dishes it showed itself
superior both in size and colour, and this under the
influence of cloud and rain, the absence of colour
being marked in most all the other varieties staged.
Sir Joseph maintained its reputation for being a good
packer, though some staged had travelled 100 miles
or more, being picked the day before, yet they were
perfect and bright in comparison with any other.
Exception may be made to Myatt's Eleanor, which is
also well adapted for that purpose. Mr. Garaway
was awarded ist prize for a single dish of uniform well-
coloured cockscomb-shaped fruit. The other varie-
ties, all of good size, staged, were Sir Charles Napier,
James Veitch, Duke of Edinburgh, British Queen,
Countess, Dr. Hogg, Kitley's Goliath, Marguerite,
Oscar, and Lord Clyde, most of them deficient in
colour. D, C. Powell.
The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion : a Plan for Increasing its Income. — At the
anniversary dinner of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent
Institution, recently given at the "Albion," under the
very efficient Presidency of Mr. Alderman Cotton, M. P. ,
various means of increasing its funds and usefulness
were proposed. Mr. Bruce Findlay, of Manchester,
suggested an admirable method of attaining this end.
He proposed to call upon the secretaries of the horti-
cultural societies throughout the kingdom to ask all
the noblemen and gentlemen throughout their dis-
tricts who had grounds worth visiting to throw them
open to the public one day in the year on payment of
a small entrance fee. Mr. Bruce Findlay stated that
he thought he could raise /200 yearly by this means
in the neighbourhood of Manchester alone. It has
occurred to me that an all but indefinite extension of
the income of this valuable institution might also be
attained by a direct appeal to the employers of gar-
deners. I would suggest that every person employing
a regular gardener should subscribe a guinea a year to
the Institution in his {the gardener's) name. That is, he
should forward the name of the gardener he employed
for the time being, and pay the annual guinea subscrip-
tion as long as the said gardener remained in his
service. [We believe a few gentlemen do pay their
gardener's subscription. Ed.] If the latter left him the
employer would simply send in the name of the new
gardener, or pay the annual subscription if the said
new gardener was already a subscriber. The former
one would either get his subscription paid by his new
employer, or pay it himself, or let it drop if disinclined
to continue it. It appears to me thst few employers
would hesitate to add a guinea a-year to their garden-
ing expenses for such a laudable object, and that a
large yearly income could be raised in this simple
way. In sending my dinner subscription to Mr.
Cutler, the Secretary, 14, Tavistock Row, W.C, I
am adding a guinea in my gardener's name, Mr.
James Gray, which I purpose paying along with my
own subscription as long as he remains in my service.
The latter tells me that he and many of his friends
have not joined the Institution because the pension of
^16 was too small — not amounting to ij-. a-day. The
increase to ;^20, he said, small as it is, would alter
that feeling. Were this plan adopted there might be
some provision by which a working gardener's annual
payment should cease entirely after fifteen or twenty
years, and by which also an employer, losing the
service of a valued gardener, or his executors on his
death, could complete in one sum the payment which
secures a right to pre-selection for a pension. Our
gardeners, having the same tastes, the same interests,
the same horticultural enthusiasm as ourselves, often
become our friends, and we should often be quite
disposed to help them to secure a competency in old
age by a small money contribution. Henry Bennet,
M.D., The Ferns, VVeyhridsie.
In reply to numerous inquiries, I beg to state
that the cards for the ensuing collection in aid of the
Pension Augmentation Fund will be issued about the
18th or 19th inst. to all gardeners whose names can
be found in the horticultural Directories ; but as there
must be a great number of gardeners whose addresses
are not in either of the Directories, I shall be much
pleased to send cards and afford any other informa-
tion to any who will kindly communicate with me. I
also beg to state that the amount of the reserve fund
is now ;i 16,550, leaving the sum of ;£'3450 to be col-
lected before the pensions can be raised. Considering
the great number of horticulturists, and the great
interest taken in horticulture, I think if gardeners will
only be true to themselves, "with a long pull, a
strong pull, and a pull altogether," there can be but
little doubt the sum in question can be secured. It
depends entirely on gardeners themselves to say when
the pensions are to be increased. E. R. Cutler,
14, Tavistock Row, W.C,
Strawberries. — I enclose some Strawberry leaves
that have been injured by new tanned netting, and I
should be glad if some of your numerous corre-
spondents would kindly say if they have experienced
anything of the kind from using new netting. The
whole bed on which the new net is placed has the
appearance of having been seared with hot irons,
while other beds close by, with old netting on them,
are uninjured, so that no doubt exists in my mind but
that the damage arises from some deleterious matter
in which the net has been steeped. A, JV, Jones,
Marlntry Hall, Northivich.
Lilium Harrisi. — " Lilium " at p. 8 wishes to
know if Lilium Harrisi really is perpetual flowering.
At Mr. Mayo's nursery, Oxford, last winter, some
plants of L. Harrisi flowered in February and March,
and some of the bulbs, although small, began sending
fresh stems up immediately after the last flower was
over, and a few of them were potted on at once with-
out any rest. I am not at present able to ascertain
for certain how many stems and flowers they have
produced, but I noticed when I last saw them two or
three stems on some, and from one to three buds set
on each. C. Clausen, Oxford.
Anagallis grandiflora alba. — We have much
pleasure in enclosing a branch of a new Anagallis
grandiflora alba (collina), which we have succeeded
in raising after several years' cultivation, and of which
we shall offer seed in 1SS4. The flowers are large
and pure white. The plant, contrary to the other
forms, grows bushy and compact, and less branching ;
it is, however, covered profusely by its lovely flowers.
A coloured plate and minute description will be
published in an early number of Professor Regel's
Gartenflora. Damman ^ Co., Portici, Italy. [The
flowers are rather densely massed towards the end of
the branches, and are of a pure white colour. It is a
very effective novelty. Ed.]
Pyrus Aria var. scandica. — Would you kindly
give me some information about Pyrus scandica ? I
have met with it in several parts of England, and
some fine specimens in Scotland ; it has also been
supplied to me as the Service tree, but I have never
been able to ascertain its history, except that I was
once assured that it was a hybrid. H. IC, Chithurst,
Petersfield. [P. scandica is a form of P. Aria, the
White Beam, also called P. intermedia. _Ed.1
Primula obconica. — To Primrose growers, one of
the most interesting plants now in blossom in the
College Gardens, Dublin, is the new Primula obconica,
a Chinese species from the Tchang Valley. The
flower, which is almost white, is rather like that of P.
Munroi, but in habit the plant is more like P. mollis,
the inflorescence being verticillate, and the corolla
having in most blossom an oblique limb. The calyx
is the most remarkable part of the flower, being very
short and wide, so that the corolla tube stands in it as
in a large cup. The foliage somewhat resembles that
of P. mollis or P. sinensis in shape ; but is of a thick
stiff texture and slightly glabrous ; and the surface of
the leaf is very uneven, more so than that of any
Primula I know. A batch of seedling plants have, as
Mr. Burbidge pointed out, a rather dangerous likeness,
at first sight, to little plants of Coltsfoot. He also
informs me that although this P. obconcia (= P.
poculiformis) is a true whorl-flowered species, yet its
seeds germinate very quickly if sown as soon as they
ripen. The same is true of P. japonica, but if the
seeds be kept in a dry state for some time most of the
species are slow and uncertain in germination. One
peculiarity about P. obconica is that if the seed cap-
sules are removed the plant continues to flower all
through the year. The plant in the College Gardens
came from Messrs. Veitch in November of last year,
and has been in flower ever since, having also ripened
seeds from which a good crop of young plants have
been raised. C. M. Owen. [The plant was figured at
p. 121, vol. xix.]
Setting Alnwick Seedling Grape. — Some weeks
since Mr. Thomson, of Clovenfords, when writing in
the Gardeners^ Chronicle on the sterility of Vines, re-
ferred to the uncertain setting character of this Grape,
and gave it as his opinion that the glutinous exudations
sometimes present on the stigmas of this variety pre-
vent proper fertilisation and are thereby the cause of
the imperfection. As a means to surmount this diffi-
culty he makes the following suggestion (which he
wished some one who had the means would carry into
practice), viz., that this glutinous matter be syringed
away, and the stigmas be impregnated with the
pollen of other Grapes. Having the opportunity this
season we tried this and other experiments in order to
obtain a good set, and it may be interesting to Mr.
Thomson, and others, to know the result. Our
Alnwick Seedlings are young and robust, and grow in a
soil very favourable to the production of good Grapes,
for the most popular kinds succeed remarkably
well in it under ordinary treatment. The seedling
showed numbers of large bunches, and when in
blossom the stigmas were all alike tipped with the
honeyed matter, in appearance similar to small drops
of dew ; when in this condition the bunches on the
greater portion of the Vines were thoroughly syringed
on several successive days, at the time when the
house in which they grow was closed, care being
taken not to wet those reserved to be treated in a
different way. In order to assist the Vines to dry
more readily they were shaken an hour or so after
the syringing was done, to free them from the
drops of water which collected, and about
noon on each day, while they were dry, the
bunches that had been washed (with the exception of
a few purposely reserved and marked to prevent
mistake) were run over with a camel-hair brush, which
conveyed pollen taken front Alicantes. The bunches
thus treated set perfectly, and are now all that can be
desired. They are large and well formed, and have
regular berries which have stoned and promise to be
excellent in every way. Those bunches we had
marked had not the assistance of foreign pollen, and
although several free setting kinds are growing in the
same house, and were in blossom with and close by
them, yet they set very imperfectly. The exudation
from some of the bunches that were not syringed was
removed with a camel-hair brush, and to give an idea
of the condition of the stigmas I may mention that
the brush after the operation was so saturated with
moisture that it had the appearance of being used in
varnishing. These bunches were also dusted with
Alicante pollen and set freely. The other portion,
however, which remained undisturbed by water or
brush were of all the most unsatisfactory miserable
examples of what the crop would have been if left to
Nature. I think this sufficiently proves that Mr.
Thomson's opinion in reference to the bad setting
properties of this Grape is correct. It is evidently
necessary to remove the moisture that proper fertilisa-
tion may be procured, and there is no better mode of
doing this than by the help of the syringe. It is also
manifest that ours would have been a failure unless
foreign pollen had been employed. Thomas Coomber,
Hcndre Gardens.
Puccinia mixta (Fckl.). — In passing through a
friend's garden a few days back my attention was
attracted to a row of Chives (Allium Schcenoprasum)
in a most deplorable condition of disease, the leaves
and scapes being covered with yellow, intermixed
with brown spots, presenting a miserable appearance.
On taking a few leaves home for examination I found
them to be infested with oval or oblong sori of a
yellow colour, filled with yellow, nearly spherical
spores ; and brown, or greyish-brown, linear, often
confluent sori, covered by the epidermis, which ulti-
mately splits, exposing a mass of brown uniseptate
spores supported on pedicels. These appear to be
Puccinia mixta, Fuckel, in the two stages of this
fungus, which he calls respectively Fungus stylospori-
ferus and Fungus teleutosporiferus. The first is Uro-
myces alliorum, DC, already known to the British
flora, but I am not sure as I write whether the Puc-
cinia form has yet been found here. Fuckel called it
' ' sehr selten " — very rare — and it is devoutly to be
wished it may remain so by those who value Chives
as a pot-herb, for its power of destruction in this
instance is complete. The more quickly crops
attacked by it are destroyed by burning the better,
for there is a possibility that it may attack other
plants of the genus Allium, which would involve con-
siderable commercial loss to large growers of Onions.
The losses sustained from the ravages of a closely
allied parasite, Puccmia malvacearum, will be fresh
in the minds of all your readers, William Phillips.
Hybrids between the Pelargonium and the
Geranium. — The Pelargonium Society has for several
years annually offered, among its other prizes, a prize
for the best hybrid, having for one of its parents
Geranium pratense or Geranium sanguineum, and for
the best hybrid having for one of its parents Pelar-
gonium oblongatum ; and the show held on June 26
has, like its predecessors, passed off without a single
hybrid being forthcoming. It can hardly be doubted
that efforts have been made in this direction ; but up
to the present time it may, I think, be taken for
granted that a hybrid between the Pelargonium and
the Geranium has not been secured, and perhaps
will never be realised, although in a conversation
held lately with a very successful raiser of improved
varieties of the zonal and other Pelargoniums, I find
he still thinks this within the limits of the possible.
For my own part I have frequently used the pollen of
various kinds of Pelargoniums upon the flowers of the
July 14, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
53
Geranium pratense and other species, and have used
the pollen of the latter upan the blooms of the former,
and have on several occasions been induced, by the
appearance of the seedlings during their early stages,
to think that I had been successful in obtaining a
hybrid, having more than once induced the condition
of variegation in the Geraniurn by the use of the
pollen of variegated varieties of the Pelargonium.
This variegation, however, did not prove persistent,
and I have never succeeded in securing an interme-
diate or hybrid variety. So recently as last summer I
used the pollen of several varieties of the zonal Pelar-
gonium upon the blooms of a very showy and pretty
Geranium — whether a distinct species, or a variety,
I am unable to say, being uncertain as to the specific
name of the plant, but the flowers are of a purple
or rosy-red colour. And in this instance, too, the
seedlings showed considerable diversity in the cha-
racter of their foliage — in some cases being in all
respects the same as the parent or seed-bearing plant,
while the foliage of others appeared to be that of
Geranium pratense. All were, however, planted
out in a bed in the open air, and all are now in bloom,
forming an exceedingly pretty bed, the flowers being in
colour red, white, and blue, a portion of the plants
being, as regards flowers as well as foliage, identical
with the parent plant, while others show a reversion
to the true form of Geranium pratense, with its well-
known light-blue flowers, while some of the plants
are producing pure white flowers, but in no instance
does the Pelargonium pollen appear to have had the
least effect. The reversion of some of the seedlings
to the form of Geranium pratense appears somewhat
remarkable, as the parent plant can hardly be con-
sidered as a variety of that species, its foliage being
entirely distinct from it. I enclose blooms and leaves
of each of the varieties for your inspection. P. Grieve^
Bury St. Edmttnds. [The seed parent appears to be
G. palustre. Ed.]
The Parcel Post : Plant Boxes. — The parcel
post will come into operation in less than a month.
That it will cause a revolution in the customary means
of transmitting plants there can be little doubt.
Hitherto, with nurserymen doing a large business a
small difterence in the cost of postage came to a hand-
some sum at the end of the year. As a consequence
I and thousands of others received their plants either
dried up in transmission or reduced to pulp by the
" stamping " or weight going through the post-office
or the mail packets. Nurserymen received much
annoyance by being called on to replace plants, &c. ,
or the expectant recipients were disappointed. Per-
haps you would open your columns to a discussion
of the best sort of plant boxes. W. J. Murphy,
Clonind,
Todeas at Glasnevin. — The house devoted to
Filmy Ferns is in a well shaded position. It is not
usually open to the public, as the delicate leaves
would be easily injured, and cold draughts of air are
especially hurtful to them, though even in the coldest
weather no artificial heat is given. Todeas grow
there to perfection. The largest specimen of T.
superba has leaves 3 feet long, and the plant is about
5Tf feet through. Some leaves of T. pellucida measure
nearly 3.^ feet in length, and the plant is about 5A feet
across ; its drooping habit is very graceful, T. plu-
mosa resembles T. pellucida, but is more finely cut
and of a darker green shade, more like that of T.
superba. Though still a young plant, it is one of
great beauty. T. Fraseri has leaves over 34 feet long.
Smaller plants of this Fern are grown in a wall of
Filmy Ferns, which extends the full length of one side
of the house. The position shows to advantage the
large drooping feather-like leaves of this Todea. T.
barbara {T. africana) differs entirely from these Filmy
Todeas, it much more resembles a Lastrea in habit.
The leaves are by no means filmy, nor has it the
beautiful colouring of the other Todeas. The two
plants of it are grown in different houses, and prob-
ably in a higher temperature than that of the Filmy
Fern-house. C. M. Owen.
Double Wild Flowers. — This interesting sub-
ject, introduced by "II. "on p. 20, suggests a question
which I have tried in vain for several years to solve
by experiments in my garden. Can a plant, born to
produce single flowers, be made by any skill or acci-
dent of cultivation to produce double flowers ? I say
I have laboured on this question in vain, because the
tendency of my cold and wet soil is to turn double-
flowered plants into single-flowered. This it abun-
dantly does in the case of double Daftbdils and double
Primroses, especially a Primrose called P. platypetala,
the single flowers produced being perfect in all their
parts. On the other hand, I continue to receive
assurances from several gardening friends that single
Daffodils become double in their soil ; and a gentle-
man who lives in Italy assures me that he can keep
no single Daffodils for more than a year or two, as
they all turn double ; and I am sending him some
Emperors and Empresses, in hopes that he may
succeed with these in producing the same result. I
know only three wild plants which habitually produce
double flowers in England. The first is N. I'seudo-
Narcissus, the common wild Daffodil, which is found
double in Devonshire and in the Isle of Wight, but
which in my garden becomes again single. The
second is Cardamine pratensis, the Ladies' Smock,
the double form of which is not uncommon, and
where found is generally abundant. This is probably
owing to the curious viviparous habit of the plant,
which produces little bulbs upon its leaves, and
from them produces young plants. These young
plants in their natural soil probably reproduce the
double form of their parent, but having carefully
noticed them in my garden, I can affirm with cer-
tainly that the bulbils of double-flowered plants
produce single flowers. The third plant which I
have found naturally double is .Saponaria officinalis.
No doubt the list may be increased. I have in
my garden a double Ranunculus repens which my
friend, Mr. Brockbank, found wild in a meadow
in Lancashire ; and some one has told me that
they found in Devonshire a double Primula acaulis
wild ; but where I have tried to naturalise double
plants in my own grounds they have either died
out or reverted to their single form. C. Woltey Dod,
LlanJuJno, July 9.
Packing Grapes for Market. — The annexed
illustration (fig. 11) shows the method of packing
Grapes adopted by Mr. Grindrod, Whitfield, Here-
ford, who took the 3d prize in the Messrs. Webber's
Fruit Packing Competition at South Kensington last
week. The cross-handle wicker baskets are lined
with clean picked moss and soft paper, and the
bunches carefully dropped in and tied to the rim.
The top is covered with stout brown paper only, and
Fig. II.— grape packing for market.
in this way we have seen them arrive in Covent
Garden without spot or blemish.
Cactus Notes. — The curiously terminal, or as it
were acroterial* fruit of Cereus speciossissimus, figured
in the Gardeners Chronicle of February 24, came to
a bad end. On Good Friday it was missing,
apparently pulled off by some meddling visitor — as
senseless a piece of stupidity as well could be, for the
berry was but half grown. On June 15, I fertilised a
normal flower of C. speciosissimus with pollen of C.
(Phyllanthus, Phyllocactus, or what not) speciosus,
and the resulting fruit is already growing fast. Did
not this cross originate the C. Jenkinsoni ? The
Cactus tribe seem bent, when I get hold o( them, on
playing curious tricks. In January last, a Birming-
ham friend gave me a plant which, not knowing its
proper name, I call for the present C. ensiformis. It
has eleven leaves of from 6 to I2_ inches long by
nearly two inches wide, lanceolate, very faintly
crenate (the blotches being hardly visible, and
apparently "blind "), and in fact they closely resemble
two-edged daggers. The margins are as sharp as
{hibcrnici) a blunt knife ; and I have purposely
called them leaves from their being apparently incap-
able of throwing out flower or shoot. Yet the plant
bore, a fortnight since, a grand blossom nearly as big
as itself. The bud came from the collar or ground
line, grew rapidly, and before opening stood 9 inches
high, of a rich brown-orange and cream colour. The
flower was 6 inches across, white, richly scented, and
very handsome. It remained open three days. My
friend could not tell me the name of it, but it came,
I understood, from Mr. Grey, of Hagley. H. B.
Biden, Sale, Cheshire,
Hardy Shrubs in the County Wicklow.— The
suitability of the south-east coast o( Ireland for
^ aKpiuTTJptov — translated in a well-known passage ttie
" chiet corner stone," but more closely rendered as the "crown
or capping of the pediment."
flowering shrubs is well shown by many beautiful
specimens at Old Conna Hill, the residence of
I'hineas Riall, Esq., D.L., J. P., &c., near liray. In
a well-sheltered part of the gardens (a speciality of
which is its thick Yew hedges, 14 feet or more in
height) is a fine specimen of Cordyline australis, now
in blossom. This plant is 15 feet high, the stem
being 2^ feet in circumference near the liase. The
foliage begins about 6 feet from the ground, and is
4i Icet across. The large head of creamy-white
llowers is also about 4! feet through. In the same
garden the Java St. John's Wort (Hypericum tri-
florum, Blume) has proved hardy ; the Loquat
(Kriobotrya japonica) grows out-of-doors, but has not
as yet fruited. Myrtles form good-sized bushes, but
are not so fine as before the hard winters of late years ;
a specimen of Eucalyptus globulus, now about 20 feet
high, has survived these winters, having been at least
nine or ten years in its present position. This
Eucalyptus has in most cases been killed, in this part
of Ireland, and even this exceptional survival did not
escape without injury. Though east wind in spring
may be the penalty to pay for the lovely views of
mountains and sea, with a richly-wooded foreground,
yet trees and shrubs at present show no trace of its
effects. One of the best of the shrubs now in blossom
is Abutilon vitifolium, with bunches of drooping,
very pale blue blossoms, of an open cupshape, be-
tween 2 and 3 inches across. Wherever the climate
suits it this large shrub would be well worth growing.
Even if not quite hardy in open positions as a tree, it
in some places succeeds as a wall shrub, yielding its
clusters of Meconopsis-like blossoms in abundance.
The leaves somewhat resemble those of the Vine, and
are slightly woolly at the back. Not even in Scot-
land could TropEeolum speciosum grow better or flower
more freely than against the garden walls, in one case
spreading itself prettily into one of the Yew hedges.
Possibly the need of a rather damp climate causes the
difficulty in growing this beautiful crimson Tropseolum
in some places. It is easy enough to grow it, even in
the South, once it gets established. C. M. 0,
The Potato Crop.— Never perhaps has the Potato
crop looked better or more promising than it does at
the present time, and yield, good or bad, whichever
it may be, depends entirely on the state of the weather
during the next few weeks. The hot, dry weather we
were favoured with at the end of May and at the begin-
ning of June was all that could be desired, and induced
such a rapid and vigorous top growth as has rarely
been equalled in recent years, thereby raising our
hopes as to what the ultimate result would be to a
very high pitch. But, as in years gone by, so it is
now— just as we begin to feel sanguine and our pro-
phecies savour of an absolute character the disease
puts in an appearance ; then there begins to flow into
newspaper offices the annual batch ol letters and a vast
amount of writing relative to quack remedies, disease-
resisting varieties, and so forth ; the outcome of it all
being, so far as the principal is concerned, simply nil,
for we are still fighting with what appears to be an
unconquerable foe. Early planting is strongly recom
mended by many ; in fact, I may say that I myselt
am one of its advocates, but it must be frankly con-
fessed, for this season at all events, that the late
planted ones are likely to be the better crop of the
two ; they certainly look better at the present time,
and with us those which were planted in April are
decidedly in a more advanced state than the March
planted ones. The reason for this is not far to seek ;
those which were planted early had to endure the very
severe frosts of March, and received a check which
it took them weeks to get over ; indeed, many thought
the seed would have been killed outright. Such,
however, was not the case, and it only served as a
lesson to show that seed planted some 6 inches deep
will stand 14" or 16° of frost. Seeing that the disease
has already attacked the haulm, it may not be out of
place to call the attention of your readers to the
modus', operandi of Mr. Jensen, concerning which the
Press and the pamphlet written by Mr. Jensen had so
much to say last year. As full details of the
operation were given in your columns a year ago, it is
quite unnecessary to dwell upon it at any length, but
lor the information of new subscribers I may quote
the following from vol. xviii., p. 38 : — " Though the
descriptive matter in the book which relates to pro-
tective moulding is of a somewhat elaborate kind, yet
we can sum up for the benefit of our readers the out-
line of the operations in a few words. The first part
of it consists in earthing-up moderately, but leaving
on either side of the plant stems a flat ledge. The
next earthing is not done till about the ordinary time
of the appearance of the disease, or at the moment of
its first discovery, because it seems to be an important
part in the plan that the tubers shall, as far as pos-
sible, be approaching maturity before the additional
earthing is given. In any case, however, the high
moulding must be done the moment the disease
appears. This is performed by depressing the haulm
towards the sun and drawing up the soil in the furrow
(which should first be well pulverised) on to the roots,
and partially on to the stems, so that whilst the tops
-54
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 14, 1883.
are depressed at an angle of 45° or thereabouts, the
earth covers the new tubers to a depth of not less than
4 inches, and forms on the north side of the ridge a
deep sharp slope. What rain may thenceforth fall
will in so doing either wash the fungus spores into the
furrows, or, if to any extent, on to the ridges, the
extra thickness of soil will prevent this reaching the
tubers." That this plan will overcome the disease or
give us better crops of sound tubers I do not myself
believe. It looks well on paper, and to read of the
spores falling and being washed into the furrows has
all the appearance of being sound logic ; close obser-
vation, however, with one season's practice and com-
parative results will test the matter and show whether
the remedy has anything about it or not. We first
saw the disease in the gardens here some days ago, on
a quarter of Beauty of Hebron, for the first time this
year ; the affected leaves were at once picked off and
the protective moulding method applied. The plants
being in full vigour, and, like the old horse in Major
White Melville's famous hunting song, "going strong
and well," it is not surprising that the uncovered points
should already be turning upwards ; and, I may add,
they promise soon to be not only on a level but to
overtop the ridges. Such being the case, I fail to see
any advantage whatever in Mr. Jensen's plan, and
cannot bring myself to believe that we shall derive
much benefit from it ; of this, however, we shall be
able to speak with more certainty in a few weeks
hence. J. Horsefield, Heytesbury, Wilts.
Bouvardia Propagation. — During the past
spring, and especially in the early part of that season,
my losses were very great among Bouvardia cuttings,
owing to the wholesale growth of that terrible fungus
pest so well known to propagators, and to which I
made allusion at p. 572 of your last volume. As
therein stated, I tried all I could think of to rid
myself of such an enemy, but to no purpose ; and as
I require Bouvardias in large quantities for cut
purposes it became obvious that some other means
must be devised ; accordingly I set to thinking,
and had not long been thus engaged when the happy
thought occurred to me as to "why they should not
root in sand and water," as well as many other plants
—such, for instance, as Lobelia, Coleus, Cucumber,
Dracaenas, Verbenas, Alternantheras, and many more.
I resolved to give it a trial, however, and the result is
a complete success. In this way they have been
rooted by the hundred ; in short, I am so far in favour
of this method that I am inclined to throw off
entirely the old system of sand and soil, &c., and
adopt this in its stead. The advantages of this system
over the old are these :— Firstly, there is no fear of
flagging, which they are sure to do unless carefully
watched, when inserted in the ordinary way, and
which is detrimental to them ; secondly, no time need
be spent in making the cuttings, for they root freely up
the stem, and may be inserted in the wet sand far more
readily, besides which they are easily removed without
fear of injury ; and thirdly, there is nothing to be
feared from the much-dreaded fungus pest, which,
while luxuriating in moisture, cannot exist where half
an inch of water covers the sand ; the cuttings, I may
say, root readily— that is to say, in ten or twelve
days, and take quite readily to the soil when potted.
It will be found, however, that the cuttings do not
make their tiny fibrous roots till after they are potted,
for on close examination I find that about half an inch
of the base of the cuttings is bristling with roots
scarcely one-eighth of an inch in length. I at first
thought that a good sign, and that they would soon
be ready for potting. After waiting for a fortnight,
however, during which time the roots made no
advance, and commenced to turn brown, I potted
them, and about a week after they had made roots to
the outside of the ball. Thinking this conclusive
evidence of what was needed, I always pot them at
this stage with most satisfactory results. The kinds
which I have rooted in this way are elegans, Hogarth,
jasminoides, and the two doubles, Alfred Neuner and
President Garfield. Bell-glasses, earthenware or zinc
pans — or, in fact, any water-tight vessel, may be
employed for the purpose, plunged on a bottom-heat
of from 75° to 85°. E, Jenkins.
' Ornamental Grasses. — When we come to con
sider what a useful and interesting class of plants the
grasses are, it is somewhat surprising that many of
them are not more frequently met with in private
gardens than they are. It may be that the majority
of those who do not cultivate them think they have
already more than enough with what are grown on
the lawn, and that veritable pest, Poa annua, which
infests their flower beds and kitchen gardens ; be that
as it may, there is no gainsaying the fact, that there
are many really handsome and charming species well
deserving of a place in any garden, but it is rarely that
one meets with them anywhere except in their natural
habitats or in botanical gardens ; or, if in private
gardens, the man growing them will not unlikely by
some members of the craft be said to be affected with
what they call the "botanical craze," and be regarded
as one who grows a lot of rubbish, which is neither of
any use nor ornament. Having myself what may be
termed a slight hereditary touch of ithis botanical
craze complaint, I shall make no apology for bringing
before the notice of your readers three or four grasses
which in the writer's opinion are worthy of a place in
any garden, inasmuch as they are very ornamental —
so to speak — when in flower, and very useful for
indoor decorative purposes. They are all easily
grown, and require no special care or attention ex-
cept lifting, dividing, and replanting every three or
four years. In the front rank stands that beautiful
species, Stipa pennata, commonly called Feather-grass:
of this one cannot speak in too high terms of praise.
It is one of those popular things which when well
grown, and seen in its true character, elicits words of
approval and admiration from persons who take
little or no interest in plants generally, and who have
no time to devote to their study, or space in which to
cultivate them, Lasiagrostis calamogrostis— Stipa
elegantissima of seedsmen — is another species richly
deserving a more extended cultivation than it at
present meets with ; growing as it does some 2 or 3
feet high, it is a suitable plant for intermixing with
many summer flowering herbaceous plants of the
same height, and if planted in juxtaposition to plants
producing white, scarlet, or pink flowers it affords
relief and adds greatly to the effect of the same.
Hordeum jubatum ought certainly to be more grown
than it is, as it is a plant possessing great merit,
and when in flower is very attractive. Elymus are-
narius, with its long, drooping, silvery leaves, is a
grass which any gardener would do well to become
practically acquainted with ; being a strong grower,
with a bold and commanding appearance, it requires
plenty of room to develope itself properly. For
planting in clumps or in shrubbery borders along with
Rhododendrons, hardy Azaleas, Kalmias, &c., it is
admirably adapted, and is really a plant which ought
not to be neglected. With the above, which are here
mentioned with a view to their becoming more popu-
lar, we will take leave, and pass on to a few others
which, although they are more common, are none the
less interesting and pretty, but which, I would here
remark, had better not be introduced into well-kept
gardens, or they would soon establish themselves as
weeds ; indeed, they are already so plentiful, and may
be found growing abundantly by the side of almost
every country lane and footpath, that, to think of cul-
tivating many of them except on meadow land, would
be little short of lunacy. They are all, however,
useful — at least may be made so— to the man who has
much to do with floral decorating ; and if gathered
now, whilst they are in flower, and properly dried,
will be found very serviceable through the autumn
and winter months. One of the most useful for mix-
ing with cut flowers in large epergnes is the barren
Brome-grass, Bromus sterilis ; it has a fine, hand-
some, and graceful appearance, and is eminently suited
for the dressing of large trumpet-shaped glasses for
drawing-rooms, libraries, and front hall work.
Glyceria fluitans — Floating Meadow-grass — is also a
good decorative species, as well as the following: —
Phalaris arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Trisetum
flavescens. Holcus mollis, Hordeum pratense, Dae-
tylis glomerata, Festuca gigantea, Cynosurus cristatus,
and Glyceria aquatica. Many others might be
mentioned which, although equally pretty, are perhaps
less common than the above. With the single ex-
ception of the last named (which is not yet in its true
character), they are all at the present time in a fit
state for cutting and drying. Let them be cut with
long stems, and each sort tied up separately in
bunches, afterwards they may be hung up and
allowed to dry in the sun. In this state they will
last till the plants flower again the following year.
J, HoTsefieldy Heytesbury,
Jfoitigii Cornspoiikita.
Flowering of Agaves at La Mortola. — An
unusually wet spring has tended to produce a greater
flowering of these noble plants than I have ever had
in any previous sesason. At present there are no
fewer than twenty-three in blossom, as follows : — Six
Agave americana, four A. mexicana picta, three A.
yuccEefolia, two A. Rumphii ; also single specimens of
A. glaucescens, A. angustifolia, A. mitis, A. densiflora,
A chiapensis, A. scolymus, A. applanata, and A.
ferox. The little Agave glaucescens, considering its
size, has made the most extraordinary effort of any.
The leaves of this plant are only 28 inches in length
by 3i in breadth, yet it has sent out a flowerstalk 14J
feet in length, which is twisted, and looks like a
gigantic serpent ; it is not branched, but thickly
covered with yellowish-green flowers, the number of
which on a careful estimate I find exceeds 3000.
Thomas Hanbury, La Mortola, near Mentone,
July 3.
Royal Horticultural : July 10.
Scientific Committee.— Sir J. D. Hooker in the
chair. Present : Messrs. Henslow, Grote, Loder,
Mangles, G. F. Wilson, T. Moore, W. G. Smith,
McLachlan, A. W. Bennett, J. Glaishcr, Professor
Michael Foster, and Dr. Masters.
Gro-Mtk of Conifers. — Dr. Masters made some
observations on this subject (see p. 48).
Rhododendron Maddeni. — Mr. Mangles showed
flowers of this plant produced upon a plant which had
been grown through the winter under a canvas-house
without other protection.
Ccreus giganleiis. — Mr. W. G. Smith showed
photographs, taken by Mr. Herbert Green, of this
plant as growing in the plains of Arizona, The
plant attains the height of 35 feet. Dr. Bell was the
first person to photograph this plant in situ.
Coloured Lilies. — Mr. Aldous sent a bouquet of
Lilium candidum, the flowers of which were tinted by
being made to absorb coloured solutions in the soil.
ALcidium. — Mr. Plowright sent specimens of Rhu-
barb with ^cidium upon it, which he had produced
by inoculating the plant with Puccinia arundinacea.
The leaves on the same plant not so infected were
free from the yEcidium.
The Season and Lnsects. — Mr. McLachlan com-
mented on the vigour of the foliage generally this
year, and on the general freedom from insects, which
he attributed to the mild wet winter, the rains wash-
ing out the insects and drowning them. Severe
winters and hard frosts had, contrary to the usual
opinion, but little adverse influence on insects in their
hibernating condition.
Plants Exhibited. — By Mr. Loder, Arnebia
echioides, A. Griffithi (annual), Dianthus monspes-
sulanus, Geum rcptans, very ornamental ; Morina
longifolia, Campanula Hendersoni, Antirrhinum
rupestre, Erigeron Roezli ?, Papaver ?. From Messrs.
Veitch came Masdevallia Carderi, Phalcenopsis macu-
lata ; and from Mr. Wilson, a fasciated Pine.
Floral Committee.— Present : G. F. Wilson,
Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. T. Moore, J. Laing. W,
Bealby, H. Bennett, J. Mcintosh, J. Wills, J. James,
J. Dominy, H. Ebbage, H. Cannell, H. Turner, J.
Fraser, and Dr. Masters. Small and select was the
character of the meeting to-day, which was held in
the conservatory — an improvement on the picture
gallery off the Deep Sea Fisheries gallery, which has
done duty as a Council-room lately. The largest
contributor was Mr. T. S. Ware, who again staged
an extensive and singularly interesting group of cut
specimens of hardy border flowers, for which he was
awarded a Silver Medal. Included in the group were
no less than thirty-one species and varieties of Lilium,
tooneof which, L.Bloomerianumoccellatum, with tall,
handsome spikes of rich orange-yellow flowers,
spotted with brown and crimson, a First-class Certifi-
cate was awarded. Milla triflora, a species with white
flowers, produced on very long stalks, also came in
for notice. From Chiswick Mr. Barron sent up a
capital group of Begonias and Achimenes, among the
former being a new one, named Graziella, a very
distinct double flower, with clear primrose-yellow
flowers. From Chiswick, and also from Messrs.
James Carter & Co., came collections of Sweet Peas,
shown as cut flowers. Messrs. Veitch & Sons showed
in Davallia brachycarpa a handsome, strong-growing
species, with long arching fronds ; the new Masde-
vallia Carderi, a flower with a small white cup pro-
longed into three long thread-like tails, a grand
bloom of Lilium auratum platyphyllum, a flower
measuring 11 inches across, and the golden rays
very pure ; the pretty new Oncidium nigratum (see
p. 790, vol. xix.), and a very singular New Zea-
land hardy plant, named Nothospermum Carmi-
chaelise, a Rush-like plant with clusters of minute bluish-
purple pea-shaped blossoms ; and a number of showy
cut flowers of the gorgeous varieties of Iris Kaampferi.
Mr. Ebbage, gr. to J. S. Bockett, Esq., Stamford
Hill, showed a lovely variety of Cattleya superba
named splendens, a spike of three flowers, with the
sepals and petals of an indescribable colour, a shaded
rosy violet laid on a light maroon ground. Mr. H.
Jameslstaged Cattleya Mendeli rosea odorata, a pretty
rose-tinted variety ; and a very dwarf, compact white
flowered Lobelia named Florie Wood. Mr. Vicary,
gr. to J. T. Peacock, Esq., sent a group of twelve
flowering plants of Odontoglossum vexillarium Kla-
bochorum, a pretty, small pink flowered variety (see
p. 818, vol. xix. ) Messrs. Cannell & Sons, as usual, con-
tributed some of their seasonable novelties, including
the Swanley Blue Lobelia, a very good thing, with
rich blue iiowers, white in the centre ; and Ivy-
leaved Pelargonium Abel Carriere, a double rich rose-
pink, of very fine quality. Messrs. James Carter &
Co. had a couple of first-rate novelties in Lobelia
speciosa Prima Donna, rich dark maroon, almost
crimson, with a small white eye, a new shade of
colour in bedding Lobelias ; and Nemophila atomaria
July 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
55
atro-ca?ru!ea, blue, with a black belt surrounding the
white centre. From Mr. W. Bealby, Roehampton,
came the largest double flowered Begonia yet shown —
a variety named Goliath, as perfecllydouble as a Holly-
hock, equally good in shape, scarlet in colour, and
measuring 3i inches in diameter. Lilium Szovitzianum
pallidum, shown by the Chairman, was a creamy-
white ground coloured variety of the clear yellow
Szovitzianum. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. sent a
grand example of the noble Grammatophyllum
Ellisii, with a spike of thirty-two flowers ; and a well
bloomed plant of the new rosy-red flowered Masca-
renhasia Curnowiana, Mr. Noble brought from
Bagshot a cut spike with seventeen flowers of Lilium
giganteum, also a number of bunches of flowers and
foliage of the fine Spiraea palmata, for which he
received a vote of thanks.
The awards made were : —
First-class Certificates,
To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for DavalUa brachycarpa.
To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Oncidium nigralum.
To Mr. iLbbage, for Cattleya superba splendens.
To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for Lobelia t>wanley
Blue.
To Messrs. Cannell «& Sons, for Ivy-leaved Pelargo-
nium Abel Carricre.
To Messrs. James Carter & Co., for Lobelia speciosa
Prima Donna.
To Messrs. James Carter & Co., for Nemophila ato-
maria atro-ccerulea.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for Lilium Bloomerianura occel-
latum.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for Milla biflora.
To Mr. W. Bealby, for Begonia Goliath.
To G. F. Wilson, Esq., for Lilium Szovitzianum pal-
lidum.
To Mr. H. James, for Lobelia Florie Wood.
Cultural Comvicndati'j7i.
To Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., or Grammatophyllum
Ellisii.
Fruit Committee. —Present : H. J. Veitch,
Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. P. Crowley, G. Bunyard,
A. W. Sutton, F. Rutland, and R. D. Blackmore.
Mr. Carmichael, gr. to J. Porteus Oakes, Esq., Now-
ton Court, Bury St. Edmund's, exhibited a seedling
Melon, Captain Larks, weighing 7 lb., oval in shape,
ribbed, scarlet-fleshed, and good in flavour ; also a
dish of Bellegarde Peaches, large and even in size,
and superbly coloured, for which he received a Cul-
tural Commendation. Mr. W. Fitt, The Gardens,
^assiobury, sent some fine examples of a seedling
Strawberry, large in size, and of a rich deep crimson
colour ;" another seedling Strawberry was also shown
by Mr. E. Whitehouse, of Kidderminster, but neither
gained any award. A white-fleshed seedling Melon,
named Oatlands Superb, came from Mr. Franks, of
Weybridge ; and Mr. Gilbert sent from Burghley a
fruit of his green-fleshed Burghley Pet Melon, which
was certificated last year, and which well maintains
its high character. A large, oval-shaped, ribbed, and
white-fleshed variety, named Graaf Reinette, came
from Messrs. R. T. Veitch & Son, of Exeter ; and a
large, heavily netted, green-fleshed, and well-flavoured
variety, named Chalfont Favourite, was exhibited by
Mr. Herrin, gr. to C. N. Hibbert, Esq. A collection
of forty-five named sorts of Cabbage Lettuces came
from the trial grounds of the Messrs. Veitch, at
Langley.
Crystal Palace Rose Show : July 7.— This
large annual show of Roses took place on Saturday last,
the weather assisting in a great degree to make it a very
successful gathering. The Roses, too, were as good as we
may expect to see them this season, the slightly cloudy
weather of the few previous days helping materially to
preserve their colours, form, and fresliness. The usual
trade competitors at metropolitan shows were again to
the fore, as were also the leading growers amongst the
amateurs. In the larger classes in the two main divi-
sions the blooms staged were very good, and the
competition generally keen, and lengthy were the con-
sultations of the judges over some of them ere their
decisions were given. Meanwhile the public were
anxiously awaiting admittance within the barriers, audit
was comparatively late ere the work of the judges was
completed and the public inspection began. In the
nurserymen's class for seventy-two blooms, Messrs. Paul
& Son, of Cheshunt, won the 1st prize, with excellent
blooms of Countess of Roscbery, Prince Arthur, Marie
Finger, Merveille de Lyon, Antoine Ducher, Marie Van
Houtte.CharlesDarwin.Niphetos, Captain Christy, Nardy
Freres, Charles Lefebvre, Marguerite de St. Amand, Leon
Renault, Pride of Waltham, &c. The 2d prize fell to Mr.
B. R. Cant, Colchester, who had amongst other beautiful
blooms grand specimens of Horace Vernet, Rubens, Pene-
lope Mayo, Pauline Talbot, Abel Carricre, Mdme. Hip-
polyte Jamain, Sir Garnet Wolseley, and Fisher Holmes.
Mr. Chas. Turner was 3d, and in his stands were good
flowers of Elie Morel, Etienne Levet, Annie Laxton,
Mrs. H. Turner, Mar^chal Niel, and Comtesse Riza du
Pare. In the class for forty-eight varieties, three trusses
of each, Messrs. Paul & Son were again the winners of
the ist prize, showing capital blooms of Julie Touvais,
Ferdinand Chaffoltc, Beauty of Waltham, Marie Bau-
mann, Marie Wood, La France, Prince Arthur, Alfred
Colomb, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, and Countess of
Oxford, The Cranston Nursery and Seed Company,
Hereford, who showed very tine examples of Mary
Pochin, Monsieur E. Y. Teas, A. K. Williams, Madame
Lacharme, and Mdllc. Julie Dymonier were 2d ; and
Messrs. Keynes & Co., Salisbury, were 3d. In the
competition for twenty-four varieties, three trusses of
each, Messrs, feffcries & Sons, Cirencester, were ist,
liaving beautiful blooms of Magna Charta, Marguerite de
St. Amand, Egerie, Marie Verdier, Edouard Morren,
Camille Bernardin, Madame Gabrielle Luizet, and
others ; Mr. John House, Eastgate Nurseries, Peter-
borough, came in 2d, in his stand being good flowers of
L'harles Leftbvre, Charles Darwin, Fraufoise Michelon,
Exposition de Brie, t&c. ; Mr. F. Cant, Mile End Nur-
series, Colchester, came in 3d. In the class for twenty-
four varieties, one truss of each, Mr. F. Cant was ist,
with good examples of Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Cap-
tain Christy, A. K. Williams, Abel Carricre, La Boule
d'Or, and Baronne de Rothschild, &c. Mr. John Mat-
tock, New Headington, Oxon, took the 3d prize, no 2d
being awarded. For twelve Tea-scented sorts, Messrs.
James Mitchell & Son, Pilt Down Nurseries, Sussex,
were ist, showing very fine examples of Madame Wilier-
nioz. Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Souvenir de Paul NtSron,
Jean Ducher, Comte de Paris, Niphetos, and Rubens. Mr.
B. R. Cant was 2d, with good specimens of Devoniensis,
Mardchal Niel, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Innocente Pirola ;
and Mr. George Prince, Oxford, was 4th.
In the amateurs' class for forty-eight, distinct varieties,
single trusses, the ist prize went to A. Slaughter, Esq.,
Steyning. This very successful amateur had fine blooms
of Black Prince, Annie Wood, Pierre Netting, Baronne
de Rothschild, Madame Sertot, Duke of Wellington,
Belle Lyonnaise, Eloile de Lyon, Lord Macaulay, Alfred
Colomb, Innocente Pirola, and Prince Camille de
Rohan, &c. E. R. Whitwell, Esq., Barton Hall, Dar-
lington, came in 2d, with good examples of Horace
Vernet, Prince Arthur, and Prince Camille de
Rohan; and Mr. John Grant, Hope End, Ledbury,
was 3d ; Mr. C. Davis, the Grammar School,
Aynhoe, Banbury, being Highly Commended. Mr.
John Tark and Mr. George Endicott had also very nice
stands. In the class for thirty-six varieties, distinct,
single trusses, J. Sargant, Esq., of Reigate, came in ist,
showing excellent examples of good cultivation in Le
Havre, Baron de Bonstettin. Camille Bernardin, A. K.
Williams, Alfred Colomb, Dr. Andry, Fisher Holmes,
and Prince de Portia. The 2d prize went to Mr. W.
Harrington, gr. to — Mitchell, Esq., '.Corbet's Tey, who
hadsomecapitalblooms notably of EdouardMorren.Mons.
Boncenne, Mons. E. Y. Teas, and Emily Hausburg.
3d, Mr. J. Ridout, gr. to T. B. Hey wood, Esq.,
Reigate. For iwenty-four varieties, distinct, three
trusses of each, Mr. W. J. Grant, Ledbury, was ist,
amongst his blooms being good examples of Prince
Arthur, Madame Sophie Fropot, Beauty of Waltham,
Madame Therese Levet, Marquis de Castellane, and
Madame Hippolyte Jamain. Mr. C. Davis, the
Grammar School, Aynhoe, was 2d, with very good
blooms of Xavier Olibo, Exposition de Brie, and
Egerie, &c. 3d, John HoUingsworth, Esq., Turkey
Court, Maidstone. In tiie class for twelve varieties,
distinct, three trusses of each, the ist prize went to the
Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Round House, Havering-atte-
Bower, in whose boxes were very fine blooms of
Baronne de Rothschild, Beauty of Waltham, Exposi-
tion de Brie, and Horace Vernet. 2d, Mr. M. Teed,
Bungalow Road, Exeter. 3d, Mr. G. Mount, Harbles-
down, Canterbury. In this class the following exhibitors
also staged good lots : — Miss Watson Taylor, Heading-
ton, Oxon ; Mr. Varnel, Brookfield, Rugby; Mr. Girdles-
tone, Sunningdale ; and Mr. Bethune, Durne Park.
In the class for twelve Tea-scented and Noisettes,
three trusses of each, the ist prize was won by the Rev.
J. H. Pemberton, whose box contained beautiful trusses
of Anna Olivier, Madame Margottin, Marie Van Houtte,
Souvenir de Madame Pernet, R6ve d'Or, Rubens,
Souvenir d'un Ami, and Caroline Kuster ; 2d, Alfred
Slaughter, Esq. ; 3d, Mr. Charles Davis.
Open Classes. — In the competition for eighteen trusses
of Marechal Niel, Mr. W. Farren, How House Nur-
series. Cambridge, was isl ; Mr. B. R. Cant 2d, and
Messrs. J. Mitchell & Sons 3d. In the class for eighteen
trusses of any kind of Noisette or Tea Rose, Messrs.
Keynes were ist with very fine, fresh-looking Niphetos ;
2d, Mr. G. Prince, with capital blooms of Jean Ducher ;
3d, Mr. B. Cant, for Innocente Pirola. For eighteen
trusses of Marie Baumann, or a similar-coloured Rose,
Mr. C. Turner was 1st with A. K. Williams ; Mr. G.
Prince 2d with Marie Baumann ; and Messrs. Paul &
Son. Cheshunt, 3d, with the same kind. For eighteen
trusses of Prince Camille de Rohan, or a similar coloured
Rose. Messrs. Paul & Son were ist with a grand box of
Abel Carricre ; 2d, The Cranston Nursery Company with
the same sort ; no 3d was awarded. For eighteen trusses
of Fran9oise Michelon, or a similar-coloured Rose, The
Cranston Nursery Company came in ist with fine Fran-
9oise Michelon ; 2d, Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, for
Etienne Levet ; 3d, Mr. B. R. Cant, for the same kind.
For eighteen blooms of Captain Christy, or a similarly
coloured variety Mr. G. Prince was ist with Captain
Christy, Mr. W. Farren 2d with La France, The Crans-
ton Nursery Company 3d with Duchesse de Vallombrosa.
Beautiful lots were put up for the competition in yellow
Roses, three trussesofeach ; Messrs. Paul&Son, Cheshunt,
were ist, having Caroline Kuster, Jean Ducher, Perle
des Jardins, Anna Olivier, Belle Lyonnaise, Marie Van
Houtte, Marechal Niel, and Mons. Furtado ; 2d, Mr.
Cant ; 3d, Mr. G. Prince. In the open class for white
Roses, three trusses of each, Mr. G. Prince, who had
line blooms of Alba rosea, Niphetos, Innocente Pirola,
Madame Willermoz, and ^^adame Jamain, was ist ; 2d,
Mr. Cant ; 3d, Mr. W. Rumsey, Joyning's Nursery,
Waltham Cross ; Messrs. Paul & Son were Commended.
In the open class for pink Roses the ist prize went to
Mr. Cant, in whose lot were some beautiful blooms of
William Warden, Elic Morel, Mons. Noman, and Mar-
guerite de St. Amand ; 2d, The Cranston Nursery
Company; 3d, Mr. II. Ucnnett.
For collections of crimson fioses, three trusses of each.
— ist, Mr. Cant, with fine flowers of A. K. Williams, Marie
Baumann, Alfred Colomb, GerK^r.al Jacqueminot, Mrs.
Laxton, and Fisher Holmes ; 2d, ^lessrs. Paul & Son,
Cheshunt ; 3d, Mr. W. Kumscy. For collections of
velvety-crimson Roses, three trusses of each, Mr. Cant
was 1st, in his box being excellent blooms of Xavier
Ohbo. Abel Carricre, Prince Camille de Rohan, Reynolds
Hole, and Horace Vernet ; 2d, Mr. W. Rumsey ; 3d,
Messrs. Paul & Son.
For the best new Rose not in commerce previous to
1880, of whicli twelve blooms were to be shown. — ist,
Messrs. \\\\i\ &. Son, Cheshunt, with Pride of Waltham ;
2d, The Cr.inston Nursery Company, with Julie Dy-
monier ; 3d, not awarded.
For a collection of twelve new Roses, not in commerce
previous to 1880, three trusses of each. The Cranston
Nursery Company came in ist, with grand blooms of
Mons. Alfred Dumesnil, Julie Dymonier, and Pride of
Waltham, &c. ; 2d, Messrs. Paul &. Son, Cheshunt, with
fine-grown flowers of White Baroness, Brightness of
Cheshunt, and Mrs. Jowitt. In the class tor hybrid
Teas there were no entries. For new Rose, Mary
Bennett, a fine rose-coloured flower, Mr. H. Bennett,
Shepperton, received a First-class Certificate.
Messrs. Laing & Co. showed a nice representative
collection of their hybrid Begonias, and were Highly
Commended, as also were Mr. H. Bennett, for three
boxes of Rose blooms ; Messrs, Cannell & Son, for cut
flowers ; and Mr. G. Prince for Tea Roses. Messrs. T.
Rivers & Son were Commended for lour dishes of luscious-
looking Cherries from orchard-house trees, and also for
Peaches from potted plants ; and Messrs. Hooper &
Co. were Commended for a collection of cut blooms of
bulbous plants.
Rochester Horticultural : Jttly^. — The seventh
annual exhibition of this Society took place in the pretty
grounds of The Paddock, St. Margaret's, near to the
Cathedral, and easily accessible from all parts of the city.
One result of the show was to demonstrate the steady
advance being made in the quality of the products from
exhibitors. Stove and greenhouse plants were nicely
shown by local growers ; the best six came from Mr.
R. Phillips, gr. to Dr. Baber, who had good examples of
Allamanda Henderson!, Bougainvillea glabra. Plumbago
capensis, Anthurium Scherzerianum, Erica Caven-
dishiana, and Vinca alba. Mr. Youseman had the best
specimen, staging a good piece of Stephanotis flori-
bunda ; Mr. Phillips coming in 2d with a good specimen
of Oncidium flexuosum. Mr. Deuxbury, gr. to the Earl
of Darnley, who with Mr. Phillips made the two leading
exhibitors, had the best six fine-foliage plants, staging
very good examples of Croton D'Israeli, C. Queen
Victoria, Latania borbonica, Alocasia macrorhiza varie-
gata, Pandanus Veitchii and Maranta zebrina ; 2d, Mr.
A. Stevens, gr. to Mrs. Fletcher, who had Caladiura
Prince Albert Edward in fine condition, Acalypha
musaica, and Dracaena Fraseri as his best specimens.
Mr. Deuxbury had the best six Ferns, several collections
being shown. Zonal Pelargoniums, especially the double
varieties, were very attractive, and tuberous-rooted Be-
gonias were very creditable also. Mr. Phillips had the
best arranged group of plants, showing considerable
taste in the arrangement : and Mr. Deuxbury came in 2d.
The best box ot twelve Roses camn from Messrs. G.
Bunyard & Sons, Maidstone, nice fresh well coloured
blooms, that were very attractive ; Mr. G. W. Piper,
Uckfield, was 2d. Mr. R. L. Knight had the best
twelve blooms in the amateurs' class. Other cut flowers
included Pelargoniums, Sweet William, Bouquets, &c.
Some excellent fruit was brought by Mr. Deuxbury
from Cobham Hall Gardens. He was far away ist with
eight dishes, having excellent Madresfield Court and
Muscat of Alexandria Grapes,. Queen Pine, Royal
George Peaches, Elruge Nectarines, Sir J. Paxton Straw-
berries, Bigarreau Cherries, and Raspberries ; 2d, Mr.
Phillips. Mr. Deuxbury had the best three bunches of
White Grapes, staging very good Foster's Seedling ; 2d,
Mr. Youseman, with the same variety. Duke of Buc-
clench and Muscat of Alexandria were also shown in
this class. Mr. A. Bindur had the best three bunches
of Black Hamburghs, staging nicely finished examples ;
Mr. R. Phillips being 2d.
Vegetables were capitally shown. In the class for
twelve varieties Mr. R, Phillips staged an excellent lot,
consisting of Seville Longpod Beans, Perfection Tomatos,
Artichokes, Telephone Peas, Early Nantes Carrot,
Onions, Cauliflowers, Potatos, &c. ; 2d, Mr. A. Stevens,
with a good lot also ; Mr. F. Deuxbury had the best
six varieties ; Mr. W. Richardson being 2d.
While this exhibition grows steadily in importance
and extent, it does not appear to receive that amount of
support from the citizens it so well deserves, and there
is generally, even when fine weather prevails, as it did
on this occasion, a small deficit. Let us hope this will
soon be changed into a balance on the right side.
Norwood Amateur Floral Society : July ^, —
This is one of many suburban horticultural societies that
have sprung up round London of late years ; and being
well managed, it is now a decided success. This exhi-
bition was held in the grounds of Werndee Hall, the
residence of Mrs. Miller, close to Norwood Junction.
One remarkable feature was the number of table
decorations produced, for though there were only two
prizes of nominal value in each class, yet there were six
tables laid out in each, each table 9 by 3J feet, and most
of them showed an educated taste in the arrangement.
The best, arranged with ordinary flowers, came from Miss
56
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[July 14, 1883,
M. S. Stanley, Anerley ; Miss Phillips, White Horse
Lane, being 2d ; and an extra prize was awarded to
Miss A. H. Lellyett. The best arrangement in wild
flowers in glasses came from Miss Minnie Berney, Mr.
Castle Turner being 2d ; and an extra prize was awarded
to Miss E. Hinton. Collections of wild flowers correctly
named, baskets of flowers, bouquets, button-holes, &c.,
were all very attractive indeed. In addition there were
some excellent cut Roses, and Mr. E. Mawley. of Addis-
combe, one of the hon. secretaries of the National Rose
Society, was in excellent form, being ist in several classes ;
the Rev. W. Wilkes, M. Hodgson, Esq., and others
showing well also. Messrs. Geo. Bunyard & Co., Maid-
stone, had several boxes of very nice fresh, well-coloured
flowers, and were placed ist in the nurserymen's class for
thirty-six varieties.
In the plant tent there were some excellent groups
arranged for effect. That arranged by the gardener to
F. F. Lynch, Esq., was as near perfect as one could well
desire; R. R. Hyatt, Esq., being 2d. In the open
class Mr. H. James, nurseryman, had the best large
group ; Mr. Thos. Butcher, South Norwood, being 2d.
Some good Orchids were shown, the best six being staged
by R. R. Hyatt, Esq., who had Masdevallia Harryana,
Odontoglossum vexillarium, Phalsenopsis grandiflora,
Cattleya Mossias, Oncidium arapliatummajus, and Cypri-
pedium barbatum majus ; 2d, P. Crowley, Esq., who
had very nicely formed specimens of Odontoglossum
Alexandrae, Lselia purpurata, and Aerides Lobbii.
Tuberous-rooted Begonias were a pretty feature, and
they served to illustrate the fact that they have
become great favourites for exhibition purposes. F.
Mitchiner, Esq., was ist with eight plants, and they
were well cultivated ; M. Hodgson, Esq., being 2d.
There were some good Gloxinias also, especially a
large group of charming seedlings from F. Wilt-
shire, Esq. Ferns, foliage plants. Fuchsias, flowering
plants were all of a pleasing character, while not
including anything calling for special mention. There
were some excellent Selaginellas from P. Crowley, Esq., a
specimen of S. Kraussiana aurea being especially fine.
This exhibitor was in strong force throughout the show,
being ist also with six stove and greenhouse plants in
flower, and also with six exotic Ferns. Messrs, |.
Laing & Co., Stanstead Park Nursery, sent a miscel-
laneous group of plants, other local nurserymen doing
the same, and Mr. G. H. Cooper, Sydenham Road Nur-
sery, contributed a stand of very pretty Petunias, both
double and single, some of the fringed variety being
especially attractive.
Bath Rose Show: 7"6' 5* — The second annual
Rose show held in this city in association with the National
Rose Society took place in the Sydney Gardens, under the
management of the Floral Ft^ie and Band Committee,
the members of which deserve congratulation for their
admirable arrangements, as well as for the successful
result of their strenuous efforts to make this show, as it
undoubtedly already is, one of the best and most repre-
sentative Rose shows in the provinces. The numerous
classes were all well filled, and, with one or two excep-
tions, the most noted rosarians, both nurserymen and
amateurs, were represented, the competition being in
many instances unusually close and keen. Owing to the
unfavourable weather in the spring, there was not per-
haps quite that perfection of bloom on the whole of
which the Rose is capable in the best seasons ; on the
other hand, there was an entire absence of bad, and
almost so of indifferent blooms, which in a show of such
magnitude was extremely gratifying.
Nurserymen's Classes. — For seventy-two distinct
varieties, single trusses, The Cranston Nursery Com-
pany, Hereford, were ist, their stands containing some
choice and finely-developed blooms of the well-known
popular sorts. Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, were 2d,
their superb collection being scarcely inferior to the
former, containing as it did many new varieties, although
perhaps not quite so large in size of bloom, Messrs.
Keynes & Co., Salisbury, were 3d, showing also some
magnificent blooms ; and Messrs. John Jefferies & Sons,
Cirencester ; Messrs. Parker & Sons, Bristol ; and
Messrs. Curtis & Sandford, Torquay, also showed well
in this class. In the class for thirty-six distinct varie-
ties, three trusses of each, the successful exhibitors were
placed In the same order of merit as in the ist class ;
and in the competition for twenty-four distinct varieties,
three trusses of each, The Cranston Nursery Company
came in ist, Messrs. Keynes & Co. 2d, and Messrs.
Curtis, Sandford & Co., Torquay, 3d. The best twenty-
four single trusses came from Mr. G. Prince, Oxford ;
Messrs. G, Cooling & Son, Bath ; and Messrs. Cross
& Steer, S.ilisbury, in the order named. In this class
the competition was exceedingly close, the exhibits in
each case being remarkably fine. In Messrs. Cross &
Steer's collection the Alfred Colombs were grand, and
the A. K. Williams in Mr. G. Prince's stand was a
superb bloom, to which was awarded the Society's Silver
Medal, as the finest H.P. in the whole exhibition ; and a
similar award was also made to Messrs, Keynes & Co.
or the best bloom, either Tea or Noisette, in the show —
a magnificent Niphetos in this case gaining the coveted
prize. With eighteen Teas or Noisettes Messrs. Paul &
Son were ist, Mr. G. Prince 2d, and Mr, John Mattock,
Oxford, 3d. In this class some splendid flowers were
shown, Oxford being strongly represented.
The prizes in the amateurs' class for thirty-six distinct
varieties, single trusses, fell to Miss Watson Taylor,
Manor House, 'Headingly (gr., Mr. F. Guerdon) ; Mr.
T. B. Hall. Birkenhead ; and Mr. T. Hobbs, Bristol, in
the order named ; while for twenty-four distinct varieties,
single trusses, Mr. A. Evans was 1st, Mr. John Scott 2d,
and Mr. W. Pethick 3d. Other awards were : — Twelve
distinct varieties, three trusses of each — ist, Mr. T. B.
Hall ; 2d, Miss Watson Taylor ; 3d, Mr. D. C. Powell.
Six distinct varieties, three trusses of each. — Equal
ist, Messrs. Evans and Scott ; 3d, Mr, W. Pethick.
Six distinct vars., single trusses. — 1st, Mr. T. Tanner;
2d. Mr. H. F. Hooper ; 3d, Mr. H. Ball. In each of
these classes were some splendid blooms, nearly, in some
instances, superior in quality to those in the larger
classes. Twelve Teas or Noisette, distinct vars., single
trusses. — ist, Miss Watson Taylor ; 2d, Mr. T. B.
Hall ; 3d, Mr. T. Hobbs. Six Teas or Noisettes, distinct
varieties, single trusses. — ist, Mr. j. Hinton ; 2d, Mr. W.
Narroway ; 3d, Mr. R. B, Cator. Twelve single trusses
of any Rose. — ist, Mr. G. Prince, with a magnifient
stand of Catherine Mermet ; 2d, Messrs. Paul & Son,
with [a grand stand of Marie Baumann ; 3d, Messrs. J.
Jefferies & Son.Jwith a neat stand of Cannes la Coquette.
In this class were also shown excellent stands of
Niphetos, La France, Mdlle. Marie Cointet, Alfred
Colomb, and Baroness Rothschild. Twelye single
trusses of any yellow Rose.— ist, Mr. George Prince,
wilh a beautiful stand of Jean Ducher; 2d, Mr. J.
Mattock, Oxford, with a good twelve of Marie Van
Houtte. Twelve single trusses of any crimson Rose. —
Messrs. Paul & Son and Mr. J. Prince equal ist,
each with marvellous stands of A. K. Williams ; 3d,
Messrs. Keynes & Co., with Duke of Edinburgh.
In this class were some superb Roses, the Alfred Colomb
shown by Messrs. Cross & Steer, also a grand strain of
Marie Baumann, richly deserved abetter fate. Twelve
single trusses of any pink Rose — ist, Messrs. J. Cooling
& Son, with exquisite blooms of Madame GabrielleLuizet,
the soft silvery radiance of which made it a most lovely
and conspicuous object ; 2d, A. Evans, Esq. ; 3d, The
Cranston Nursery Co., each with a stand of La France.
In this class were also exhibited fine stands of Monsieur
Noman and Marie Cointet. Six trusses of any new
Rose of 1881 or 1882. — ist, Messrs. Paul & Son, with
Madame Cusin, a Tea Rose of good form and substance,
the colour rosy-purple, each petal having a yellow base
gives it a novel and attractive appearance. 3d, The
Cranston Nursery Co., with Violette Bowyer, H.R, the
colour being somewhat washy and undecided. A basket
of Teas, hybrid Teas, or Noisette. — These were not par-
ticularly effective, the arrangement being somewhat
heavy and devoid of relief, nor were the three-legged
wicker stands particularly elegant.
Local Prizes (Amateurs'). — Twenty-four distinct
varieties, single trusses. — ist, Mr. S, P. Budd ; 2d, Mr.
H. Cattley; 3d, Mr. T. Fluke. Twelve distinct varieties,
single trusses.-— ist, Mr. R. B. Cator, Bath ; 2d, Mr. J.
Stuckey, Bath. Six distinct varieties, single trusses. —
ist, Mr. W. Meddick ; 2d, the Rev. C. C. Layard. Nine
Teas or Noisettes, single trusses. — 1st, Mr. H. Cattley;
2d, Mr. R. B. Cator ; 3d, Mr. T. Jolly. Bath is noto-
rious for amateur Rose growers, and on this occasion
they fully sustained their reputation by their splendid
productions. Liberal prizes were also offered for bouquets
of Roses suitable for the hand ; some of the exhibits
were exceedingly pretty, but in most instances, if more
relief either with foliage or Fern had been given, they
would have been much more effective.
Strawberries were also exhibted in splendid condition,
for which Bath is particularly noted ; also the orna-
mental foliaged plants and Ferns arranged along the
centre of the tents, afforded a pleasing relief to the eye
after gazing on such glowing colours. At one end of
the principal tent were very tastefully arranged, in
shallow baskets with moss, a fine display of Roses and
decorative plants, not for competition, by Messrs. G.
Cooling & Son ; and at the opposite end Mr. G. Hooper,
of Widcombe, Bath, exhibited a choice collection of Car-
nations, Picotees, and Pansies, as well as a stand of a
dark purple seedling Rose named Jerome Murch, the
somewhat dingy colour of which, however, did not tell
in its favour.
In a separate tent, arranged under the auspices of the
British Bee-keeper's Association, and presided over by
Mr. S. J. Baldwin, of Bromley, Kent, was an excellent
exhibition of the varied approved methods of housing
bees. Experimental lectures were delivered and prac-
tical illustrations given of the best means of "driving"
bees from one hive to another at intervals throughout
the day, and appeared to create great interest in the
numerous visitors.
duced, and comprised handsome well - grown and
flowered plants.
A large number of cut Roses were staged in several
classes, but the dry hot weather had told on them, and
many of the flowers soon went all abroad. From Thame
Mr. John Walker brought an excellent lot of flowers.
Mane Baumann, General Jacqueminot, old, but very
fine ; Dupuy Jamain, Marie Finger, Alfred Colomb,
Mons. Noman, Comtesse d'Oxford, Annie Wood,
brilliant in colour ; Charles Lelebvre, Mar^chal Vaillant,
Mabel Morris, John Hopper, Captain Christy, and
Mdlle. Bonnaire, made up a capital lot of exhibition
Roses. There were other cut flowers, but nothing
claiming special mention.
There was an excellent lot of fruit. The collection of
twelve varieties shown by Mr. Robins, gr. to E. D. Lee,
Esq., Hartwell House, was most praiseworthy. It con-
sisted of excellent Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seed-
ling Grapes, extra fine Noblesse Peaches, capital Grosse
Mignonne and Royal George, also Lord Napier Nec-
tarines, Melons, Strawberries, &c. 2d, C. Threlfal, Esq.
Mr. Miles, the Gardens, Wycombe Abbey, Bucks, had
the best two bunches of Grapes, one white and one black,
staging capitally finished bunches of Madresfield Court
and Foster's Seedling ; Mr, Shrimpton being 2d, wilh
excellent bunches of Black Hamburgh and Foster's
Seedling. Prizes were also offered for the best general
collection of plants, fruits, and flowers, and the winning
collection, which came from Mr. Roberts, Hartwell
House, covered a great space, and included some forty
varietiesof fruits— Grapes, Peaches, and Nectarines, being
very fine. Fine weather, and a very large company,
rewarded the efforts of the managers.
Aylesbury Horticultural : July 5.— On the
present occasion the show took place under canvas in
some grounds close to the town, and it was generally
felt to be a great improvement upon that held in the
Corn Exchange ; and not only was a very attractive
exhibition got together, but a very large number of
people came together to see it, and some ;^i2o taken
as gate-money. In order to attract the country people
some athletic sports and a good band are provided, and
they attract the rustics in great numbers. The
principal contributor of plants was Mr. Shrimpton, gr.
to Lady A. de Rothschild. He had the best six stove
and greenhouse plants, among them a good example of
Calanthe veratrifolia, with twenty-five spikes of bloom ;
Mr. Moggs, gr. to H. Cazenove, Esq., being 2d. It
would be much best if this class had the condition "in
flower " appended to it, as the second collection of plants
contained only one in flower. In the class for an un-
limited collection of stove and greenhouse plants, a very
fine group was staged by Mr. Shrimpton, which included
many examples of fine quality ; 2d, C. Threlfal, Esq.
(Mr. Moggs, gr.), who had a very good lot also. With
six Ferns Mr. Shrimpton was again to the fore with very
good plants of Adiantum Farleyense, Gymnogramma
chrysophylla, &c. ; 2d, H. Cazenove, Esq. Some capital
tuberous-rooted Begonias came from Mr. Threlfal, which
did his gardener much credit ; and Mr. John De Fraine,
a local nurseryman, had some capital zonal Pelargo-
niums in two classes. Fuchsias were numerously pro*
Highgate Horticultural : July 5,— This Society
held its annual show this year at Holly Lodge, the
Baroness Burdett-Coutts" beautiful old-fashioned place,
the well kept grounds of which are in themselves no
small attraction to the crowds of people who throng the
tents and grounds whenever the exhibition is held there.
On the present occasion we hear that nearly 20,000
persons visited the show. The display, both in quantity
and quality, was quite equal to that of any previous occa-
sion. The President, Mr. L. A. B. Burdett-Coutts,
Esq., offered a number of prizes, amongst them being
one for a competition of miscellaneous plants occupying
a space of 60 square feet. For these Mr. Brooks, gr. to
W. Reynolds, Esq. , Highgate, was ist ; Mr. Shepherd,
gr. to Mrs. Horwood, 2d.
For a collection of miscellaneous flowering plants,
occupying a space not exceeding 40 square feet, Mr,
Rundell was ist, and Mr. Welch, gr. to B. W. Smith,
Esq., 2d. The Treasurer's (Mr. Cutbush's) prizes, for six
Ericas in 13-inch pots, brought out only one competitor — ■
Mr. Eason, gr. to B. Noakes, Esq., Highgate, who took
the 1st prize. For Mrs. Stedall's prizes for a group of
flowering and fine-foliage plants arranged for effect
there were a number of competitors, and Mr. Aldous,
gr. to G. Heriot, Esq., Highgate, took the lead with a
group in which several Orchids were introduced amongst
the fine-leaved plants with good effect. Mr. McKinley
gr. to C. Wright, Esq., Highgate, was a good 2d.
For the prizes offered by W. Reynolds, Esq., for six
Palms, there was a close contest, in which Mr. Sparkes
came in ist with a handsome lot ; and Mr. Hodges,
gr. to Mrs. Crossley, Highgate, was 2d. J. S. Law,
Esq., offered prizes for tuberous Begonias, and the ist
was well won by his own gardener, Mr. Tonge,
with well flowered examples ; 2d, Mr. Osborne,
gr. to J. N. Mappin, Esq., Southgate House,
Southgate. For the prizes given by B. Noakes, Esq.,
for six Adiantums, there was also a close contest, in
which Mr. Tubbs, gr. to B. W. Smith, Esq., took the
lead, Mr. Osborne being 2d, and both staging good
collections. Mrs. Wilkinson's prizes for twelve hardy
Ferns were taken by Mr. Carter, gr. to W. Brown, Esq.,
North Finchley ; and Mr. Cowles, gr. to E. Fox, Esq.,
Finch ley.
With six stove and greenhouse plants Mr. Osbom was
easily ist, showing in a nicely flowered half-dozen the
bright pink Erica Parmentieri rosea, E. Cavendishiana,
and Kalosanthes coccinea ; Mr. Eason was 2d. In the
class for six Orchids there was a very close run between
Mr. Birse, gr. to J. H. Lermitte, Esq., Finchley, and
Mr. Aldous, who took the prizes in the order named.
The winning collection contained a beautifully bloomed
plant of Odontoglossum vexillarium album, and O.
vexillarium, both bearing remarkably fine flowers ; with
the yellow Masdevallia Davisii, bearing some eighteen
flowers ; and Cypripedium Stonei, nicely bloomed. In
the 2d prize half-dozen was a well managed example
of Dendrobium suavissimum and Masdevallia Harryana.
For a single Orchid Mr. Birse had ist, with a nice speci-
men of Odontoglossum vexillarium ; 2d, Mr. Aldous,
staging Aerides virens.
Single stove or greenhouse plant in flower. — ist, Mr.
Eason, with a beautifully fresh and well bloomed Clero-
dendron Balfourianum ; 2d, Mr. Birse, with Anthurium
Scherzerianum.
Fine-foliaged plants, as usual here, were in force, Mr.
Tubbs taking the ist prize with a group of large plants,
in which Kentia Fosteriana and Latania borbonica were
in fine condition. Mr. Aldous, who was 2d, had, along
wilh others, a nice example of Croton Prince of Wales
and the variegated Phyllanthus nivosus, large and un-
usually well managed, the white colouring in the leaves
pure and prominent. For four fine-foliaged plants the
competition was also keen, Mr. Archer, gr. to J. J.
Griffin, Esq., Highbury Grange, being ist, and Mr.
Williams, gr. to W. H. Wills, Esq., Hampstead, 2d.
Wilh six Ferns Mr. Osborne took the lead, staging in
a pretty group Neottopteris australasica and Davallia
Mooreana ; 2d, Mr. Burnett, gr. to R. D. M. Littler,
Jdly 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
57
Esq. For four Ferns Mr. Tubbs was ist, and Mr.
Eason 2d. Mr. Burnett was ist for Fuchsias, with a
nice half-dozen, better managed tlian these plants are
often met with ; and with six large-fiowered Pelargoniums,
and also with six fancies, Mr. Osborne took the ist prize,
with well-flowered examples. Coleuses were amongst the
best grown plants in the show, and in the half dozen with
which Mr. Brooks was deservedly ist were .Sky Rocket,
G. Simpson, and Mrs. G. Simpson, beautifully coloured ;
2d, Mr. Theobald, gr. to A. Goslett. Esq. Caladmms
were very well shown, with large, stout, well-coloured
leaves. Gloxinias were never so well and extensively
grown or shown as at present. Roses were only
moderately well exhibited, but miscellaneous cut flowers
were plentiful. For the Baroness Burdett-Coutts' prize
offered for a collection, Mr. Theobald was ist, and Mr.
Shepherd 2d.
Fruit was present in moderate quantity and nice con-
dition. With a collection of six dishes Mr. Theob.ald
took the ist prize, and Mr. Wilkinson, gr. to W.
Webster, Esq., the 2d. For a miscellaneous collection
of fruit, the prizes being offered by the President, Mr.
Sparkes was ist, his best dishes being of black and white
Grapes, Peaches, Cherries, and Strawberries. Black
Grapes, as usual here, were well shown, and with three
bunches Mr. Birse was ist, showing Black Hamburgh s
well finished ; Mr. Sparkes was 2d. For three bunches
of white Grapes Mr. May, gr. to T. Lodge. Esq.. was
1st with, for the time of year, creditable Muscat of
Alexandria ; 2d, Mr. Birse, with Buckland Sweetwater
in nice condition. Mr. Sparkes was ist with a good
dish of Peaches ; Mr. Osborne 2d. With a Melon Mr.
Cowles was ist, and Mr. Brooks 2d.
The Baroness Burdett-Coutts offers a number of prizes
for competition by ordinary members of the Society, and
also cottagers and school children, and likewise tor
cottage garden allotments, which, with the liberal encour-
agement given by the Society to cottage and allotment
holders, bring out an immense quantity of produce that
by the high standard of cultivation displayed gives
evidence of the excellent results of the encouragement
thus held out.
Groups of miscellaneous flowering and fineleaved-
plants were shown by Mr. B. S. Williams, of the Victoria
Nursery, and also by Messrs. Cutbush & Son, who had,
in addition, a large collection of cut Roses, and also a
beautiful group of Ivies tastefully shown in round wicker-
work baskets. The collection contained from forty to
filty varieties, comprising all the best kinds, and pre-
senting much variety and beauty in form and colour.
Woodbridge Horticultural : -fuly 5. — This
Society held its annual exhibition in the Abbey Grounds,
immediately adjoining the town, under very favourable
auspices as regards the weather, which is almost always
propitious on these occasions, for during twenty years
or more I only remember one wet day ; and as the com-
mittee work well together, and have a most energetic
and enthusiastic secretary, they cannot be otherwise than
successful, or the Society fail to be flourishing. This
latter satisfactory state of things is, no doubt, in a great
measure brought about by the hearty support of the
neighbouring nobility and gentry in giving special
prizes and patronising the show by their presence, and
sending so many things from their well stocked gardens,
by which, and the cordial good feeling existing among
all, the public are attracted and the shillings roll into
the coffers. There are some who think these horticul-
tural gatherings do little or no good, but this very erro-
neous idea can only be entertained by those who seldom
attend, for one has but to see how earnestly nearly all
the visitors scan the productions and discuss their merits,
dwelling thereon with such interest till the passages in
the tents become quite blocked and impassable. Wit-
nessing this, as I have done again and again, any
sceptic must be convinced that such meetings do unich
to encourage and foster the art. which never would have
risen to anything like the position it has now reached,
nor would the love of gardening have taken such a hold
of the people, whose tastes it improves and adds a
hundredfold to their pleasures. The entries, though
very numerous at Woodbridge. did not come up to the
usual standard, and had it not been for Mr. Bethell, Sir
Richard Wallace's able gardener, who more than keeps
up the fame of Sudbourne Hall, the m.irquee tables
would have been much thinner packed than they were,
as two of the chief exhibitors of other years — E. Packard,'
Esq., of Berkfield, and the Messrs. Gilbert, of Ipswich',
were conspicuous by their absence. It would have takeii
a strong opponent, however, to have beaten Mr. Bethell
in the class for six stove and greenhouse plants, in which
he was an easy winner, showing a very fine and well
flowered Azalea Hendersoni and Clerodendron Balfour-
ianum, Allamanda Hendersoni, Dipladenia bctoniensis,
and Dracocephalum gracile.
In the class for six stove and greenhouse plants in
l2.inch pots, Mr. Bethell was again ist, with a highly
meritorious lot, the whole being clean, and in the most
perfect health ; and the same gentleman was also ist for
the single specimen, carrying off the prize with a well-
bloomed Diphdenia profusa. For four Caladiums, Mr.
Bethell was again to the fore, having hugeplantsof Leplay,
Mrs. Laing, Chanlini, and Mrs. Lane, all with big,
stout, well coloured leaves, that stood the air without
flaggmg.
In the class for the best collection of stove and green-
house plants, arranged in a semicircle 12 feet by 4, Mr.
Mill, gr. to Lord Rendlesham, was quite unapproachable,
not only for the excellent taste displayed in setting them
up, but for the great variety and intrinsic worth of the
lot, among which were Anthurium Andreanum, Epiden-
drum vitellinura, Cattleya superba, Odontoglossum
Alexandras, and other good Orchids, with richly coloured
Dracaenas and Crotons, together with small Palms and
Amaryllis, the whole being interspersed and relieved by
heads of Viirious kinds of Carnations, and the lovely
I me white spikes of Tuberoses towering out above the
Ir^^ht foliage of the Drachmas, thus giving the mass a
very light and pleasing appearance. The next strongest
competitor for honours in this part of the tent was Mr.
Bethell. gr. to Sir Richard Wallace, who was 2d, with a
very nice group ; and Mr. Jones 3d. There were several
others very praiseworthy, and it is not too much to say
that these several exhibits constilutcd one of the most
interesting and atlr.K-live features of the show, as well
as being of an instructive nature, by setting forth what
may be done on a stage, or in furnishing and embellish-
ing a house.
For SIX plants for table decoration Mr. Bethell was
again ist ; and in the classes lor Orchids Mr. Mill, gr.
to Lord Rendlesham, carried all before him.
In the list for fine-foliage plants Mr. Bethell took the
lead with Croton angustifolius and C. Veitchii, well
coloured ; Phicnix d.iclylifera, and Kentia Belmoreana.
Fuchsias were not up to the usual mark, and the sorts
consisted of such old favourites as Daniel Lambert, Rose
of Castile, and Jules Andri?, which, except in h.ahit, will
not compare with others now out. One great attraction
in the exhibition was the collection of tuberous Begonias
contributed by Mr. Keen, gr. to Mrs. Sheppard, of
Campsey Ashe, whose superb strain has been noticed
on several occasions in the Ganteiiers Chronicle before ;
and standing, as the numerous pl.ants did, beside a lot
more, in competition for the same special prize, they
mide the others look weedy and poor by comparison, so
magnificent were they in the size and colouring of their
fine substanced flowers. Several of the white were re-
mnrkable, not only for size but exceeding purity, and
Mr. Keen is certainly to be congratulated on raising such
a capital lot.
In the cut flower department the Rev. H. A. Berners,
of Harkstead, a most enthusiastic rosarian, scored a
great success in having carried off all the ist prizes in
every class, beating the champion growers in the twenty-
fours with a stand of splendid blooms, chief among
which were Adam, Souvenir d'Elise, Francpoise Michelon,
Marie Finger and Duke of Edinburgh. Mr. B. Cant's
collection contained some grand flowers, but by bad
travelling, or some other cause, they had not that fresh-
ness and finish which were the characteristic points of
the others. In the Teas the rev. gentleman referred to
was also well ahead, and Mr. Bethell. gr. to Sir Richard
Wallace, h id a good stand, but as there were three
hybrids the judges ignored it and awarded an extra,
which it highly deserved.
The show of herbaceous flowers was an exceedingly
good one, but the way many exhibitors have of putting
them up, in close bunches, crowded together on small
stands, is not the best for displaying them, as w£is plainly
exemphfied by Mr. Bethell, in the lot he contributed,
which were placed in tall j-ars with the stems fixtd in
moss, to keep them upright and in position, and as they
had plenty of room they could be seen to the greatest
advantage, and looked .nlmost as natural as they do in
the borders when growing. Good as these were they
were beaten by the Messrs. Gilbert's twenty-four sorts,
the finest and showiest among which were the Alstrome-
ria aurea. A. rosea. Delphinium Brilliant, Iris Queen
Victoria, Dianthus Maiie Pare, Centaurea monla'na, a
fine Large loose white Galega persica alba. Gladiolus Ne
Plus Ultra, Orchis loliosa. and Dictammis Fraxinella.
The stands of wild flowers for table decoration dis-
played most exquisite taste, especially that contributed
by Miss Slidolph, who had many choice and rare things,
and which she so lightly and artistically arranged that
they almost eclipsed the hothouse exotics: and the same
may be said of Miss Hayward's. In the special class
competing for the prize offered by the Duke of Hamilton
for a stand of fruit and flowers combined, Mr. Keen, gr.
to Mrs. Sheppard, was ist ; and Mr. Eden, gr. to Lord
Stradbroke, a very close 2d. For bridal bouquet Mr.
Bethell was ist. the chief flowers in it being Stephanotis
and Pancratium fragrans, the form and purity of the
latter being very telling for such kind of work. The 2d
prize fell to Mr. Eden, whose was nearly equally good.
The ball-room bouquets had to be competed for by
ladies, and ist honours were won by Miss Bethell, the
2d falling to the lot of Mrs. Keene.
Fruit was staged in grand style. In the collection of
eight dishes, in which Mr. Bethell outdistanced all others
by his fine exhibit of splendid Black Hamburgh Grapes,
large and close in the bunch, and the well finished
Melon, Peaches, and Nectarines were also greatly
admired. In the class for Grapes, black and white, two
bunches of each, Mr. Mill was a good ist ; and he also
occupied the same proud position for three of Black
Hamburgh, and was to the fore again with six Peaches.
Strawberries were displayed in quantity, Mr. Mill taking
1st for a collection, and also the heaviest thirty-six, while
the premier award for flavour went to Mr. Steam, of
Ipswich, for a dish of fine Queens.
Woodbridge show is noted for its vegetables, and this
year there was no falling off, as the tables were all full to
repletion. For the best collection Mr. Bethell, gr. to Sir
Richard Wallace, was ist, and Mr. Crisp 2d. The
season Is evidently suiting Potatos, as the tubers were
not only very large and sound, but remarkably clear in
the skin. J, Sheppard,
Tunbridge Wells: "July 6.— On this occasion
the Society was fortunate in having the best display of
plants that it has been able to secure for some years,
and this applies not only to the flowering and fine-leaved
sections of large specimens, but especially to the smaller
examples more generally in use for ordinary decorative
purposes. In the open classes for eight flowering stove
and greenhouse plants there were five competitors. Mr.
Gilbert, of the Springfield Nursery, Marine Parade,
Hastings, who staged a capital lot, was ist ; his pl.ants
being all fresh, and well and evenly flowered. Con-
spicuous amongst them was Allaniandagrandifloraand A.
Hendersoni. both profusely flowered : Kalosanthes cocci-
nca. highly coloured: Dipladenia amabilis. and Aphelexis
macrantha rosea, quite fresh : .Mr. Tudgey, Exotic
Nursery, Waltham Cross, was a good 2d, with a fresh well
bloomed group, containing Erica ferruginea superba,
All.amanda nobilis, the finest yellow of all the species of this
favourite family ; and Ixora coccinea : Messrs. Jackson
& Son, of Kingston, were 3d. Extra prizes in this class
were also awarded to Mr. Kann, gr. to J. Warren, Esq.,
Handcross Park, Crawley, Sussex, and Mr. Pope, gr. to
J. J. Barrow, Esq., Holmwood.
In the class for four stove and and greenhouse plants,
Messrs. Jackson exhibited a bright finely bloomed group
including Allamanda cathartica, Dipladenia amabilis,
Slatice profusa, and a beautiful example of Erica
Davisoniana, one of Rollisson's latest seedlings, a grand
Heath, with waxy white flowers a little smaller than those
of E. obbata, but quite free from the objectionable
glutinouscoalingwhich makes the flowers of this favourite
variety so susceptible of catching dust, but which is of
service to the flower by preventing the access of objec-
tionable insects. Mr. Gilbert, who was 2d, had in
a good lot a large and well flowered Statice imbricata.
In the amateurs' division for six flowering stove and
greenhouse plants, Mr. Pope took the lead with a
creditable half-dozen, in which were nicely bloomed
examples of Rollisson's variety of Ixora javanica, and a
beaiiliful orange-flowered hybrid : Clerodendron Bal-
fourianum, well flowered : and a very large Tabernsemon-
tana coronaria flore-pleno. 2d, Mr. Jupp. gr. to J.
Bolton, Esq., Eastbourne, with a nice collection in which
was Bougainvillea glabra, with intensely-coloured flowers.
With lour stove and greenhouse plants Mr. Pope was
again ist, staging a well-bloomed medium-sized group.
Fine-foliage plants were in great force. Mr. Rann
easily took the ist honours in the open class for eight
with one of the best collections we have ever seen him
stage — large, fresh, healthy, and containing enough
bright-coloured kinds to relieve the green-leaved speci-
mens ; Croton Youngii, C. majesticus, Pandanus
Veitchii, Pritchardia pacifica, and Livistonia rotundi-
folia, one of the finest of the Fan-leaved Palms, were the
most noticeable. Mr. Tudgey was 2d with an effective
group, in which was a fine example of Kentia australis ;
Mr. Gilbert and Mr. Pope were equal 3d. For six orna-
mental plants (amateurs) Mr. Rann was again ist,
staging a nice half-dozen, in which was a fine example of
Phffinix tenuis and Croton Challenger, highly coloured.
This variety belongs to the large-foliaged section, with
very long, handsome leaves. 2d, Mr. Pope, who had a
good half-dozen.
Exotic Ferns were well shown by Mr. Pope, who took
the ist prize in the open class for eight with large and
well-managed examples, the best of which were Cyathea
dealbata, C. medullaris, and Dicksonia antarctica For
six Ferns, Mr. Johnson, gr. to the Marchioness of Cam-
den, Bayham, came in ist, with a well-grown group,
and Mr. Wilkins was 2d.
Fuchsias were better managed than usually met with
now ; and with six Mr. Shoebridge, gr. to W. Edwards,
Esq, Tunbridge Wells, took the ist prize, having large
examples clothed with plenty of healthy foliage, and
full of flower: 2d, Mr. Turner, gr. to J. R. La Lacheur,
Esq. , The Wilderness, Tunbridge Wells.
It is getting too late to see large-flowered Pelargoniums
at their best, but the half-dozen shown by Mr. Wilkins
were good in foliage and well flowered. The same
gentleman took the lead with six fancies. Zonals were
nicely shown by Mr. Allan, gr. to J, Hanbury Field,
Esq.. Ashurst Park, who had ist honours with six.
Double zonals were about the best we have seen, literally
covered with flowers, backed with good foliage, and not
too stifily trained. For six, Mr. Wilkins had the ist,
and Mr. Allan the 2d prize.
With six Caladiums, Mr. Allan took the leaH, having
much the smallest plants shown, but good and distinct
kinds, beautifully coloured.
Gloxinias were beautifully shown by Mr. Hollands, gr.
to Mrs. Muggeridge, Tunbridge Wells, who took the
ist prize with six : Mr. Read, gr. to Mrs. Cripps, Tun-
bridge Wells, being a close 2d. The half-dozen Achi-
menes with which Mr. H. Scammell, gr. to C. Reiley,
Esq., The Priory, Tunbridge Wells, took the ist prize,
showed how effective these often indifferently managed
plants are when really well done, with stout, sturdy
growth, and clothed with flowers as these were.
The prizes offered for groups of plants arranged for
effect brought out a good competition, which was very
close, between Mr. Waterman, gr. to H. A. Brassey,
Esq., Preston Hall, Aylesford, and Mr. Perkins, gr. to
the Rev. V. R. Kinleside, Sunbury House, Tunbridge
Wells, the former taking the lead with a faultless
arrangement, in which form and colour had their due
balance, the whole of the materials being selected, as
they ever should be in competitions of this character,
for their suitability rather than value or rarity ; 2d, Mr.
Perkins : 3d, Mr. A. Bashford. Messrs. [ackson & Son
had an extra prize awarded to them for a pretty group of
miscellaneous plants ; and Mr. Perkins fur a group of
Orchids : and Mr. Cooke, gr. to B. De Barry Crawshay,
Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, likewise had an extra prize
for Orchids, amongst which were well flowered examples
of Dendrobiumchrysotoxum, Odontoglossum vexillarium,
and Laslia purpurata. A nice group of miscellaneous
flowering and fine-leaved plants was also contributed by
Mr. Coleman, gr. to Mrs. Arthur Pott, Benlham Hill.
Roses were plentiful and in fine condition. Messrs.
Mitchell, Piltdown Nurseries, Uckfield, were well ist for
forty-eight single blooms, their unrivalled Tea varieties
here, as usual, standing out prominently. Amongst
them were Innocente Pirola, Catherine Mermet, and
58
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 14, 1S83.
Madame Willermoz. Of hybrid perpetuals in this stand
the undermentioned were especially fine : — Constantin
Treliakoff, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Madame Prosper
Langier, Henri Ledechaux, La France, Louis Van
H Jutte, Dul<e of Edinburgh, and Francpoise Michelon,
the last-named flower taking the National Rose Society's
Silver Medal for the best hybrid perpetual shown in the
classes for forty-eight and twenty-four. Mr. B. R. Cant,
of Colchester, who was 2d, had beautiful flowers of Mrs.
Baker, Star of Walthani, Le Havre, Etienne Levet,
A. K. Williams, General Jacqueminot, and Reynolds
Hole. Messrs. Bunyard & Sons, Maidstone, were 3d.
With twenty-four single blooms Mr. Cant took the
1st honours, patting up a good stand of flowers, the best
of which were Marie Baumann, Madame C. Wood,
Edouard Morren, Countess of Rosebery, Ggnf^ral Jac-
queminot. Emily Laxton, and Innocente Pirola ; 2d,
Mrs. F. Woollard, Cooksbridge Nursery, Lewes ; 3d,
Messrs. Mitchell. In the amateurs' class for twenty-
four Mr. Ridout, gr. to ]. B. Haywood, Esq., Reigate,
was ist, with a good stand ; A. Slaughter, Esq., S;eyn-
ing, being 2d. For twelve Roses Mr. Simmons, gr. to
the Rev. R. C. Hales, Hurstpierpoint, was ist, with a
dozen good flowers, the best ot which were Le Havre,
Charles Lefebvre, and Annie Wood, the last named
taking the National Rose Society's Silver Medal for the
best bloom in this division. For twelve Teas or Noisettes
A. Slaughter, Esq., was ist, with a pretty stand, the best
being beautiful blooms of Anna Olivier, Innocente
Pirola, and Jean Ducher ; 2d, Mr. Allan.
There were a number of competitors in the cut flower
classes for stands, but a falling off was noticeable in the
merits of their arrangements, so far as those of cultivated
flowers are concerned.
In the competition for wild flowers, correctly named,
which are here better shown than anywhere else
we happen to see. Miss K. R. Ware took the lead, with
an excellent collection, consisting of some 226 kinds ; 2d,
Mr. Dixon, gr. to Sir Spencer Wilson, Uckfield.
Fruit was scarcely up to the mark we have been in the
habit of seeing it at Tunbridge Wells. With a collection
Mr. Waterman, gr. to H. A. Brassey, Esq., took the ist
prize ; and Mr. Hopgood, gr. to Sir Julian Goldsmid,
the 2d. Black Grapes were nicely shown, Mr. Williams,
gr. to C. Liddell, Esq., being ist, with medium-sized
Black Hamburghs, nicely finished. For three bunches
of white Grapes ist honours went to Mr. Adams, gr. to
W. Trego, Esq., for Buckland Sweetwater, in good con-
dition ; 2d, Mr. Gore, gr. to Captain Taylor, Hastings.
For three bunches of Grapes, distinct varieties, Muscats
- and Black Hamburghs excluded, Mr. Gore was ist,
staging nice bunches of Buckland Sweetwater, Royal
Muscadine, and Madresfield Court ; 2d, Mr. Allan.
Dish of Peaches.— ist, Mr. Allan ; 2d, Mr. A. Bashford.
Dish ot Nectarines.— 1st, Mr. Waterman ; 2d, Mr.
Allan. Mr. Scammell had an extra prize for half a
dozen nice Pines.
flowers, not lor competition ; and Mr. J. W. Moorman,
Coombe, Kingston, also sent some charming blooms ;
but the blooms from local growers were neither numerous
nor first-rate.
Table decorations were very pretty, though not
numerous ; but bouquets, shown in threes, one a bride's
and two bridesmaids', were finely represented, Mr. J.
Prewett, of Hammersmith, being ist ; 2d, Mr. W.
Brown ; 3d, Messrs. Froniow & Son.
Of fruit there was a limited display, but some Grapes
from Mr. Baird, gr. to C. A. Daw, Esq., Holmfield,
Castlebar, Ealing, were very fine indeed. He was 1st
with two bunches of Black Hamburgh, and in another
class with a bunch each of Duke of Buccleuch and Fos-
ter's SeedUng, both wonderfully good. Some very good
hardy fruits were also staged.
Vegetables were very good also : Mr. J. Coombs, gr.
to Sir H. Meux, Bart., had the best collection of nine
dishes, H. Smith, Esq., Chiswick, being 2d. There was
a capital competition for the special prizes offered by
Messrs. Sutton & Sons for six dishes of vegetables, and
for the special prizes offered by Messrs. Carter & Co. for
their new Peas. Prizes were also offered to children for
bouquets of wild flowers, and a large number were
staged.
Chiswick, Turnham Green and District :
y„/y7,_Upon the stretch of beautiful green sward ex-
tending from the Council chamber toward the big vinery
in the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at
Chiswick, Mr. Barron pitched the tents of this young
organisation on Saturday last. A more appropriate spot
could hardly be selected, and when the lent was cleared
for the judges one realised what an immense advantage
it is to have a smooth, level, well kept' sward as a margin
to groups of plants arranged for effect. There were
several, and they were all very good ; and the capital
lawn imparted to them a refinement and finish that such
an excellent sward alone could give them. In the open
class for a group filling a space not exceeding 100 feet
there was a capital competition. Messrs. Fromow &
Son being placed ist, Messrs. Hooker & Co. 2d, and
Mr. W. Brown 3d, and an extra prize was awarded to
Mr. H. James. The workmanship was excellent in all,
and they were much admired. In the class for small
groups tilling a space of 50 feet each, Mr. Wright, gr. to
E. H. Watts, Esq., Dewhurst, Turnham Green, was ist ;
H. Peaker, Esq., 2d ; and B. Hardy, Esq., 3d. In
addition, Mr. May, gr. to the Marquis of Bute, Chiswick
House, had a large and excellently arranged group of
plants, not for competition ; and Messrs. C. Lee & Son
sent one of their charming collections of ornamental
plants and trees, with other subjects, set up with ex-
cellent taste. The show was greatly helped by the pre-
sence of Mr. H. James, of Lower Norwood, as an ex-
hibitor. He was ist with six capital specimens of stove
and greenhouse plants, that were a good feature ; but
the other fell so far below these that the 2d prize was
withheld. Mr. James also had a very excellent group of
six fine-foliaged plants, of large size and well grown —
Croton WeisEnanni being especially fine ; 2d, Mr. W.
Brown, Richmond. There were several groups, all a
good feature. The best six exotic Ferns were staged by
Messrs. Fromow & Son ; Mr. H. Davies, of Fairlawn,
being 2d. These were generally well grown,
without being large in size. H. Pearks, Esq.,
had the best six ditto, in lo-inch pots. Coleus
and Caladiums were well done, the six speci-
mens of the latter set up by Mr. J. Buckland,
gr. to H. Pearks, Esq., were most creditable. Fuchsirs
were represented by nicely-flowered bushes, but gener-
ally small in size. In the class for twelve tuberous-
rooted Begonias, ]. R. Starling, Esq., was well to the
fore, stagmg a very good lot indeed. In that for six
plants Mr. Pearks took the ist prize with six excellent
specimens ; Mr. C. Brown, Endsleigb, being 2d. Mr.
Wright staged six excellent specimens of Selaginellas,
grown in the conical form, and admirably developed.
They deserved a double ist prize at the hands of the
Society ; 2d, J. R. Starling, Esq.
Cut flowers were mainly represented by cut Roses.
Messrs. C, Lee & Son staged several boxes of beautiful
Lee, Blackheath, and Lewisham Horticul-
tural.—This very pleasant gathermg was held in the
picturesque grounds adjoining the residence of Mrs.
Penn, at Lee. It was easy to fancy we were many more
miles from London Bridge, looking at the rural surround-
ings ol this extensive place, that has as yet been saved
from the builder and land speculator. Long may it so
continue is the oft-expressed wish of the inhabitants of
this favoured suburb. The day being fine brought a great
concourse of visitors to feast on the specimens of horti-
cultural skill brought together, almost entirely by the
spirited exertions of local growers, with the aid of the
successful managing committee, at whose head stands
Mr. B. Mailer, of Lewisham.
The class for stove and greenhouse plants was well
contested, Mr. Recce, gr. to R. Whyle, Esq., being ist,
and showing some nice, not over-large plants, including
Ixora Williamsi, Dipladenia Brearleyana, Clerodendron
Balfourianum, verv well bloomed. Mr. James, Lower
Norwood, also contributed a few good Heaths, such as
E. Parmentieri, E. tricolor impressa, and E. Paxtoni.
Other local exhibitors also contributed some very credit-
able plants in this class.
Ornamental foliaged plants were numerous and well
done. Mr. Reece showed well in this class, having a
good PhyllotEenium, Crotons, and Stevensonia grandi-
folia. Croton Warreni was particularly telling in this
lot. Mr. J. Lambert, gr. to — Segelcke, Esq., had
some good plants of Alocasia and Croton. In the show
Pelargonium class Mr. Reece, Mr. H. Martin, and Mr.
Sharpe contributed some nicely bloomed specimens for
the time of year. Zonals, double flowering, gold, bronze,
and silver Pelargoniums brought a great many subjects
together, and the competition, both in the open class
and in that for gentlemen's gardeners and amateurs, was
very keen, the best prizes going to local exhibitors. The
plants were generally small, but well flowered and
healthy.
Exotic Ferns and Lycopodiums were freely shown,
and some very nice specimens were staged by Mr. Reece,
Mr. Jeffrey, Mr. Wakeman, and Mr. Lambert. The
first-named exhibitor had a very good Davallia Moore-
ana and a Gymnogramma peruviana. The winning lots of
Lycopods were chiefly of the older well known kinds. Still
newer sorts were numerously represented in some lols
but being much less in size, they were awarded the lower
prizes only. Caladiums were shown in numerous ex-
amples, and very well cultivated, some of them being
over s feet high. .Mbert Edward, Dr. Lindley, Herald
and Meyerbeer, by Mr. Martin, and Triomphe del'Ex-
position by Mr. Reece, being the more noticeable ones.
Tuberous-rooted Begonias and Achimenes were freely
shown, and in very lair condition. Messrs. Laing & Co.,
of the Stanstcad Park Nurseries, sending quite a collec-
tion of the former, but not for competition. One of the
features in the large marquee, were the Fuchsias, these
being well grown, beautifully flowered, and the best ex-
amples we have seen this season. Unfortunately the
Fuchsia does not meet with so much appreciation, as it
deserves. They were shown as standards and pyramids,
the hitter it must be admitted taking the palm for eff'ec-
tiveness and grace. Mr. Sharpe, gr. to F. Hatchett,
Esq., Grove Park, Lee, showed Arabella Improved, an
excellent light sort ; Crimson Prince and Scarcity, dark
kinds ; Blue Beauty, a good dark kind and a long
tubular pink, with the sepals of a bright red, were
shown by Mr. Jeff'rey. Collections of Gloxinias, very
good samples of cultivation, were staged by Messrs.
Sholdice, Rhoden, and Stacey. These were chiefly of
the erect-habited kinds, which seem to be driving
the drooping ones out of the field. Various groups
of decorative plants of a small size, very suitable for
the flower-table or the jardiniere, received prizes.
These are useful for the purpose ol indicating to those
amateurs not so well acquainted with plants as the pro-
fessional gardener the sorts of things suitable for such
uses.
Table decorations were rather numerous, but there
was not much that we could see which showed any
departure from what is seen at these shows, and as a rule
too many flowers are made use of to the exclusion of
graceful foliage, and a generally lighter arrangement ;
the same holds good of the various bouquets. These
were composed of good and choice blooms, but too for-
mally arranged to be especially pleasing. The winning
bouquets consisted chiefly of while flowers and Fern
fronds, whereas the epergnes for dinner-table ornamenta-
tion were made up of a variety of colours.
Roses were fairly good, but were not exhibited in any
great quantities. Mr. Todman, The Nurseries, Eltham,
took the isl prize for the stands of forty-eight and
twenty-four single blooms ; and Messrs. C. Boatwright
& Sharpe, for stands of twelve single blooms.
Small quanlilies of Grapes, Melons, Strawberries,
Peaches, and Nectarines, as well as some small fruits,
were shown, the prizes for which were mostly awarded to
the same gentlemen's gardeners who had been successful
in the plant competition.
On entering the tent set apart for vegetables we were
surprised to find such capital collections shown by cot-
tagers, for whom the prizes are mainly given, as incen-
tives to good culture, some of them being so good that
but little difference could be noticed betwixt the produc-
tions of these and those of the professional gardener-
Peas, Beans, Cucumbers, Cauhflowers, Onions, salads.
Cabbage, being all of them good. Potatos were noticed
as being the weak point in this section. Evidently
kitchen gardening gets a good share of attention in this
district, due, probably, to the vicinity of the famous
market gardens of Deptford.
Amongst the several contributors who sent flowering
and ornamental foliage plants not for competition were
Mr. Todman, Eltham I Mr. B. Mailer, Lewisham ;
Messrs. North & Son, and Mr. John Laing.
Variorum.
Tobacco in Manilla. — The following note on
the history of Tobacco in Manilla, from a recently
received consular report, will be read with interest.
The Tobacco-plant, it seems, was first introduced
into these islands soon after the discovery of America,
the seed having been brought from Yucatan. lis
cuUivalion was for nearly two centuries left in the
hands of the natives, who grew just enough for their
own consumption ; but as the habit of smoking was
gradually becoming more general amongst both men
and women, the cultivation increased in proportion,
until finally it became one of the chief products of the
island. It never, however, occurred to the Govern-
ment to interfere with it until the time of Charles III.
of Spain, under whose reign a naval officer of great
merit and intelligence, named Don Jose Vasco y
Vargas, was sent out as governor of these islands.
This ofTicer had travelled a great deal in South and
Central America, and being well acquainted with the
aims and aspirations of the inhabitants of the Spanish
possessions in those countries, easily foresaw that the
emancipation of the British North American colonies,
which had just (hen taken place, would soon be fol-
lowed by that of Mexico and the rest of the Spanish
possessions in South America. Now the revenue of
the Philippine Islands had always up to that time been
insufficient to meet the expenses of their administra-
tion, and as Spain herself was unable to assist them,
she had imposed on Mexico the obligation of contri-
buting an annual sum of 500,000 dols. to fill up the
deficit in their budget. Don Jose Vasco, therefore,
knowing that if Mexico were lost to Spain he had
nothing to expect from the mother country, set to
work to create some new source of revenue which
might ultimately render these islands independent of
foreign pecuniary aid. It was then that he conceived
the idea of establishing the " Estaneo," or Govern-
ment monopoly on Tobacco. The difficulties he met
with in trying to carry out his project were at first
very great, as most of the tribes inhabiting these
islands were as yet but partially subjected, so that he
was only enabled to impose his system on a few dis-
tricts bordering on the provinces of Bulaeau and
Nueva Ecija, and even this was not accomplished
without difficulty, owing to the determined opposition
of the inhabitants. By degrees, however, the mono-
poly was firmly established, and the cultivation of
Tobacco kept on steadily increasing ; the revenue de-
rived therefrom, which in 17S5 amounted to only
39,000 dols., augmented so rapidly since that, far
from requiring any pecuniary assistance from Spain,
the Philippine Islands were enabled to furnish the
Government of that country with large sums of
money, both during the time of Napoleon's invasion
of the Peninsula and since. This progressive move-
ment in the production of Tobacco continued till the
year 1S54, when the quantity of cigars manufactured
in these islands reached 573,000 boxes, containing
1000 cigars each, of which 132,000 boxes were sold
for exportation. At the same time 135,000 cwt. of
manufactured Tobacco was sent gratuitously to Spain
for the requirements of the Spanish Regie, and
40,000 cwt. were sold for exportation to other
countries. Subsequent to that epoch, however, un-
wise regulations emanating from the home Govern-
ment, and the action of the authorities of these islands
towards the growers of Tobacco, caused not only a
July 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
59
decrease in the production, but also a deterioration
in the quality of that weed. Blind to their interests,
the Government ollicials, instead of encouraging the
native cultivators to improve the quality of Tobacco,
only exacted of them that the leaves should be no less
than 16 centimetres in length, rejecting and destroy-
ing, without any compensation to their owners, all
other leaves, of however good a quality, which did
not attain the required dimensions. The result was
that growers generally restricted themselves to the
cultivation of a quality of Tobacco called "Hoji
espada (Sword-leaf), which has a long and narrow
leaf, but which is inferior as to quality to other kinds
of Tobacco grown here. All these evils will soon
disappear with ihe abolition of the monopoly, and
probably nothing but the best quality of Tobacco will
be grown in future.
%\i MUatl^cr.
STATE OF THE
HEATHER
A T BLACKHEA TH, LOXDOX,
For the Week ending Wednesday, July ii, 1883.
1
Barometer.
TEMrERATURE OF
THE Air.
Hygromc-
trical De-
ductions
from
Glaishcr's
Iablt:s6lh
t-dilioii.
Wind.
Q
<
X
£.
0
'a
a
i
S
j
i2
c:
0.0
0
11"
Cxi
July
In.
In.
,
.
.!•! . M . !
In.
S
!!973
-0.08
72.0
53 s 19.560.3'— i.s'si.a' ?■ S.W.
0.00
6
39.66
— C.I4
73-9
53,5 31 463-7 -♦- 1. 149.7 60 S.
0.00
7
S9.66
— 0.15
;2.r>58 0 i4.o'63.o + 1.253,4 7' W.SW.
0 00
8
'9.70
—'0.1 1
76.0158.217.864.4+ 3-4564 75 ' S.W.
0.18
9
3970
—0.11
74 058.0 i6-o'63.o + 0.952.7 6g W.SW
3. 00
10
3971
— O.II
72 5|54-7|i7-86i-8— 0.4 5'. » 7i , W.
0 00
11
=9 47
—03s
71.5
56.614.963.1- 0.351. ■ 68[ ^/j^Y
C..03
1 1 '
Mean
39.66
—0.15
73.1
iS.817.3
62.5H- 0.853.4 69 IW.SW.
It
0.21
July 5. — Fine and bright generally during ihe day. Fine
night, and c'oudless.
— 6.— Very hue bright morning ; overcast afternoon. Fine
night.
— 7. — Fioe and briplit at times throughout the day. Fine
cloudy night.
— 8. — Fine day. Kain from 9 p.m. to ic p M. Thunder-
storm from 9 40 p M. to 10.30 P.M. Fine at mid-
night.
— 9 — Fine day ; mostly overcast. Fine night,
— 10. — Fine and bright at times thoughoutthe day. Fine
cloudv ni^ht,
— II. — Fine and bright from about n a.m.; windy, and
alternately clear and cloudy alterwards. Strong
wind at night-
LONDON : Atmospheric Fres S7t re. — \>m\r\g the week
ending July 7 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 30.09 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29 S7 inches by 3 p.m. on
Ihe 3d, decreased to 29 81 inches by 3 p.m. on the
4'h, increased to 29 93 inches by midnight on the
5lh, decreased to 29.82 inches by 3 p.m. on the 6th,
and was 29 90 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
seawas25L93 inches, being the same as last week,
and 0.07 inch lower than the average of the week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 85°, on the 2d ; the highest
on the 5th and 7ih was 72°. The mean of the seven
high day temperatures was 76°.
The lowest temperature in the shade in the week
was 52°- 5» on the 5lh and 6th ; on the 3d the lowest
was 62°. The mean of the seven low night tempera-
tures was 55°.7.
The greatest range of temperatures was 29", on the
2d ; the smallest was \f.%, on the 3d. The mean of
the seven daily ranges was 20". 4.
The mean temperatures were— on the 1st, 64". 4 ;
on the 2d, 7o°.3 ; on the 3d, 67^ ; on the 4th, 62° ;
on the 5ih, 6o°.3 ; on the 6Lh, 62^ 7 ; and on the 7lh,
63" ; and these were all above their averages (except-
ing the 5th, which was i°.2 below) by 3^.2, 9°. 2, 5°,S,
o*',7, i°.i, and i°.2 respectively.
The mean temperature was 64^.3, being 2°.3 higher
than last week, and 2°.9 higher than the average of
the week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 147°, on the 2d. The mean of the seven
readings was I37''.6.
The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
placed on grass, and fully exposed to the sky, was
43°, on the 1st. The mean of the seven low night
temperatures was 4S'',3.
Rain. — Rain fell on the 3d to the amount of
0°. 12 inch.
England : Tcmperalnre. — During the week ending
July 7 the highest temperatures were 85'' at Black-
healh, 84^.2 at Nottingham, and 8l°.I at Cambridge ;
the highest, at Plymnulh, was 68".!, at Truro 69",
and at Sunderland 72°. The general mean was 76^.2.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 48°. 2,
at Wolverhampton, 49" at Bristol, and 49". 4 at Not-
tingham ; the lowest temperature at riymouth was
55°, at Bradford 53°.3, and at Blackheath 52*.5.
The general mean was 50°, 8.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 34°. 8 at Noltingham, 32°.5 at Blackhealh, and
31".! at Cambridge ; the least ranges were 13". I, at
riymouth, 17" at Truro, and 22" at Sunderland.
The general mean was 25". 4.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 77°.4, at Nottingham 77^2,
and at Blackheath 76" ; and was lowest at Plymouth,
66°, 5, at Truro 66". 7, and at Sunderland 6S°. i. The
general mean was 71°. 6.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Plymouth, 56°,S, at Bradford 56^.7, and at
Leicester 55'-S ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton
51^.8, at Bolton I2".6, and at Nottingham 52^.9.
The general mean was 54°. 5.
Th.e mean daily range was greatest at Nottingham,
24°. 3, at Cambridge 23". 2, and at Wolverhampton
20°. 4; and was least at Plymouth, 9°. 7, at Truro
11". 7, and at Bradford 14°. 5. The general mean was
The mean temperature was highest at Blackheath,
64°.3, at Cambridge 63°.9, and at Nottingham (>'^,l ;
and was lowest at Sunderland, 58°. 8, at Truro 58°, 9,
and at Bolton 59°. The general mean was 61°, 2.
Rain. — The largest falls were 1. 31 inch at Leeds,
1.25 inch at Hull, and 1.24 inch at Sheffield; the
smallest falls were o. 12 mch at Blackhealh, 0.37 inch
at Brighton, and 0.39 inch at Wolverhampton. The
general mean fall was 0.76 inch. Rain fell on every
day in the week at Nottingham.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing June 7 the highest temperature was 76", at
Dundee ; at Greenock the highest temperature was
69°.2. The general me?n was 72°.4.
The lowest temperature in the week was 48.^6, at
Edinburgh ; at Aberdeen the lowest temperature
was 51°. 8. The general mean was 50". 4.
The mean temperature was highest at Leith,
6o°.8; and lowest at Edinburgh, 59^3. The general
mean was 6d°. i.
Rain. — The largest fall was 1.75 inches, at Dundee,
and the smallest was 0.59 inch at Glasgow. The
general mean fall was l.lS inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
Answers to Correspondents.
Camellias : 7- /-■ It is difficuU to say wliat is the
cause of the spotting, but we suspect that althougli the
border was well made the roots have not taken kindly
to it. Were the balls broken and the roots carefully
spread out when planted ?
Corn Exciiangi:: Rose Show ; Erratum. By an
unfortunate tyjiographical error, the name of Mr. R. J.
Webber, of Edmonton, was printed as "Webster "in
our note on this show at p. 19.
Diseased Cherry Tree: /. O. W. If the tree is an
old one root-pruning will not do much good, and if
you entirely remove it you must take the risk of losing
it altogether. If a young tree it would be greatly
benefited by fresh planting in good soil, in October.
Grapes : R. Clark. The berries are scalded, an injury
to which the variety, Lady Downe's, is peculiarly
liable in certain stages of its growth. See Mr.
Atkins' note at p. 47. The overflow of rain-water has
nothing to do with it, but rather an excess of atmo-
spheric moisture in the house.
Names of Plants. Professor Rcichcnbach requests
us to state that he has received a registered card box,
coming from Montelimar, from an unknown corre-
spondent, the contents of whicli are : Dipodium palu-
dosum and Cymbidium ensifolium striatum, the first
flowering probably but the second time in Europe. —
A^., Devon. Astranlia major. — T. Impey. The Litchl,
Nephclium Litchl, a native of Southern China. — L. N.
Tropaiolum speciosum. — Botanist. The Bee Orcliis,
Ophrys apifera. — J. B. M. A variety of Ulmus cam-
pestris— perhaps the form known as var. gracilis. —
Alpha. I, Abies peclinata ; 2, Sedum acre ; 3, Ne-
phrodium filix-mas var. ; 4, Athyrium filix-fcemma ;
5, Campanula garganica, hairy var. — A. R. L. Maxil-
laria tenulfolia. — C. E. F. Dianthus delloides, and
Saxifraga aizoon. — */. S., Brockley. i, Phalaris canar-
iensis (Canary-grass); 2, Triticum repens ; 3, Mimu-
lus luteus ; 4, probablya Cerinthe, not in flower. — E. D.
I, not recognised ; 2, Rubus odoratus ; 3, Rosa
lucida ; 4, Zenobia pulverulenta. — E. M. Spiraea fili-
pendula. — S. Lonicera flava {see Bot. Ma^., t. 1318),
a native of South Carolina. A. A/., Kent, i, Aconi-
tum Nnpdius ; 2, Spirica filipendula florc-pleno ; 3,
(ieraniuin sanguineuni ; 4, Stenactis speciosa ; 5,
Spiicea aruncus ; 6, Oenothera fructicosa. The other
six next week. — J. Fride. i, Viburnum Lantana ; 2,
Deutzia crcnata ; 3, .send a belter specimen ; 4, Iliera-
cium auranliacum. — lia.-act. The flower is a Valerian,
but we cannot say which from iiiich a specimen ; llic
leaf wc do not recognise. — 'Ihos. D^jitiy. If llic bulbs
are slightly glaucous it is, in all probability, ICpiden-
druni ionophlebium. — Frank Dec. Lilium Isabelli-
num. — /'■■, 6'. W. i, Atriplcx Haiimus ; 2, Polypodium
Billardicri ; 3, Campanula glomerata. — R. A/ay. It
is the common .Sycamore, eroneously called the Plane
in Scotland. Your other (juestion next week.
Peachrs : J. //., Ireland. Manure applied to the roots
eigliteeti months ag<} could certainly not be the cause of
your trees being injured now. The mischief was done
by the black-fly. The houses should have been care-
fully but thoroughly fumigated, or the trees well
washed with Quassia-water beiore they came into
flower, so as to avoid having to resort to either of these
measures while the flowers were setting.
Pear Trees: F. Tnfnail. The practice of sHtting the
bark of the trees in the manner described is a very old
one, and is as injurious as it is obsolete. The rising
generation of gardeners regard all such practices as
barbarous.
Rose Petals : A. N. Vou can only use them in
making /(;i'-/(;wrr/, upon which, perhaps, some of our
lady readers will kindly give us a few instructions.
Seedling Pelargoniums : C W, H. Your seedling
Pelargonium belongs to the decorative group, but is
nothing like so good as many that are now grown by
the market growers. Florists' flowers like this are
most generally named by those who raise or distribute
them.
Tomatos Diseased : E. C. You are right in sup-
posing there is no Pcronospora on your diseased
Tomato stems, leaves, and flowers. There is no
fungus whatever on any part of the plants. The
disease is probably caused by some defect in cultiva-
tion, and the roots, water, heat, and ventilation should
be looked to. An illustrated article on the fungoid
diseases of the Tomato, from the pen of Mr. C. B.
Plowright, was published in the Girdeuers Chronicle
for November 12, 1881, \V. G. S.
Communications Received.— J. G.— J. R. J.— C. 0.— S. &
■ M.— N. T. S.— J. W.-J. S.— A. B.— £. C— R. F.— C. Wis-
senbach.-J. P. B — W. E. D.-W. S.-J. G.— D. B, C —
W. G. S.— P. N. F.-W. D.— W. Y.— H. L. C— W
Brock bank.
arhcts.
COVENT garden; July 12.
Heavy supplies to hand this week, and prices consi-
derably reduced, with a sluggish trade. James Webber^
Wholesale Apple Market.
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.
J. d. s. d. I I. d. s. d.
Cherries, % sieve .. 4 o-io o j Lemons, per case ..15 0-20 o
Currants, Black, %- \ Melons, each .. 20-36
sieve .. ..46-56 Peaches, p-r doz. ., 6 0-12 o
— Red, 5^-sieve ,.30-50 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 30-36
Figs, per dozen ..20-30 — St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o
Grapes, per lb. ..10-30 Strawberries, pec lb. 03-09
Gooseberries, ^-siv, 26-33
Vegetables— Average Retail Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz.
— Jerusalem, bush.
Asparagus (Sprue),
per bundle
— English, bund...
— French, bund...
Beans, Fr. grown, lb.
— Jersey, per lb...
Beet, per doz.
Cabbages, per dor...
Carrois, new, p. bun.
Cauliflowers. Eng-
lish, dozen
Celery, per bundle . .
Cucumbers, each ..
Endive, Frencti, per
dozen
Garlic, pjer lb.
Herbs, per bunch . ,
PoTATOS. — Jersey
3 o- 4 o
30-..
2 6- ..
36-80
20-36
10-..
10-..
10-..
10-20
10-..
30-60
16-..
06-10
J, d. s. d.
Horse Radish, per
bundle .. ..40-..
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . . . i o- a o
— Cos, per dozen.. 16-40
Mint, green, bunch. . 06- ..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bushel.. 40-..
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch.. 04-..
Peas. English, quart 1 t- ..
Radishes, perdoz. ,. i 6- ..
Rhubarb, per bundl. 06-..
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 40-..
Sweet Potatos, lb, , , 06- ..
Tomatos, per lb. ..10-..
Turnips, new, bun. o g- . .
Vegt. Mairows, each 06-09
20-..
10-..
02-04
Kidneys, sj. to 75. ; Rounds, 5^. to f j
per cwt.
Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.
AraHa Sieboldii, per
dozen . . ..12
Arbor-vita; (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6
— (common), dozen 6
Begonias, per doz. .. 6
Bouvardia, doz. ..iz
Calceolarias, dozen... 4
Cockscombs, doz. .. 4
Coleus, doz. .. ..3
Dracaena term. doz. 30
— viridis, perdoz ..12
Eiica, various, do?. 12
Euonymus, various,
per dozen . . . . 9
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen , . . , 4
s. d. s. d.
0-24 o
0-18 o
0-12 o
0-12 o
0-18 o
0-90
0-90
0-60
0-60 o
0-24 o
0-36 o
0-18 o
,. d. r, d.
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each , . . . 2 0-10 o
Fuchsias, per dozen 6 0-12 6
Hydrangea, per. doz, 9 0-24 o
Lilium longiflorum,
perdojen,, .. 18 o 42 o
Liliums, various, per
dozen .. . .12 0-3-) o
Lobelias, per dozen 30-60
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen . , ..12 0-24 o
Mignonnette, doz. .. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in variety.each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . 26-90
— decorative, doz. 6 0-18 o
Spirsea, per dozen ..8 0-12 o
6o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 14, 1883.
Cut Flowkrs.— Average Wholesale Phichs.
Abutilon, 13 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, per doz. 3
Bouvardias, per bun. i
Canterbury Bell.bun, i
CarnatioDs, 12 bims. i
— 12 bunches . , 3
Cornflower, 12 buQ.. i
Dahlias, 12 bun .. 6
Delphinium, p. bun. o
Eucharis, per doz. .. 4
Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2
Gardenias, la blms.. 3
Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . . . . 3
— red, x% blooms., i
Lilac (French), bun. 4
Liliums, 12 bun. ..12
Marguerites, 13 bun. 6
rf. s. d.
0-40
0-60
0-16
0-20
0-30
0-00
6-40
0-80
6-10
0-60
0-40
0-60
6-10
0-60
0-30
6-70
Mignonette, 12 bun. 6
Marigolds, 12 bun. . . 2
Myosoiis, or Forget-
me-not, p. 12 bun, 2
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. o
— zonal, 12 sprays 3
Pinks, 12 bunches .. 2
Primula, double, bun. i
Pyrethrum, 12 bun. . 3
Roses (indoor), doz, 2
— (outdoor), 1 2 bun. 3
— coloured, doz. .. 3
Spiraea, 12 bunches.. 6
Stephanotis, 12 spr. i
Stocks, 12 bunches.. 4
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 3
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 4
Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 1
White Jasmine, bun. i
d. s, d.
o- g o
0-40
0-60
g- I o
0-60
0-60
0-16
0-60
0-60
o~ 6 o
c- 8 o
0-12 o
6-30
o- 9 Q
0-60
0-60
0-20
0-16
SEEDS.
London : Jtdy it. — The seed market to-day, as might
be expected, was most thinly attended, and altogether
wanting in any feature either of interest or importance.
Indeed, at present there is a complete absence alike of
speculative inquiry and of consumptive demand. New
French Trifolium, although offered low, is quite neglected.
Some choice New Zealand Cock's-fooi just arrived
attracts attention. Mustard and Rape seed move off
slowly on former terms. The Board of Trade returns
give the imports last month into the United Kingdom of
Clover and grass seeds as 1473 cwt., value ^2301,
against 6135 cwt., value j<,io, 192, for June, 1882. John
Skaw ^ Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, Lon-
don, B.C.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday the business passing in
Wheat, English and foreign, was' apparently restricted to
retail quantities of best quahties, for which quotations
were not altered, but the general tone of the trade was
depressed, and the tendency of prices against holders.
Flour met an equally dull sale. Maize on the spot was
about 34/. to 6d. lower on the week. Rather easier rates
were accepted for grinding Barley. For Oats the
market was firmer, and Swedish imports were rather
dearer than on Monday se'nnight. Beans and Peas
were quiet and unchanged. — On Wednesday Wheat and
flour remained nominally unaltered, and Barley drooping.
The small transactions in Beans and Peas did not alter
previous quotations. Oats were firm, with prices in
some instances against the buyer. Maize was dull, with
prices against sellers. Average prices of corn for the
week ending July 7 ; — Wheat, 42J. i\d. \ Barley, 28J. iid. ;
Oats, 231. $d. For the corresponding period last year :
— Wheat, 47J. yd. ; Barley, 27/. 4^/. ; Oats, 24^ ^
CATTLE,
At the Metropolitan Market on Monday light supplies
and some demand for the country, as well as the shop
trade, gave firmness to all prime quality stock, which
advanced -zd. per stone. The calf trade was dull. Quota-
tions ; — Beasts, 45. ^d. to 5^. Bt/., and 51. lod. to
6j. 2d. ; calves, ^s. ^d. to 6j-. ^d. ;. sheep, 51. 8d. to
6r. 2d., and 6s. ^d. to 6j. lod. ; lambs, 7s. Sd. to
8^. 4d. — On Thursday beasts were dull and drooping in
value, but sheep were firm, and rather better. Lambs
werS steady, and calves and pigs quiet.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel report states that supplies con-
tinue small, and trade quiet, at the following quotations :
Prime Clover, 105J. to 120s. ; inferior, 6or. to 70^. ; prime
meadow hay, yos. to gos. ; inferior, 40J. to 50J. ; and
straw, 30J. to 40s. per load. — On Tliursday there was a
short supply, and the trade was quiet at the above rates.
— Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior old mea-
dow hay, 90J. to looj. ; inferior, yos. to y6s. ; new, 6^s.
to 84r. ; superior old Clover, ii2t. to 12OJ. ; inferior, 841.
to gSs, ; new, 84-f. to iooj". ; and straw, 381. to 431. per
load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state that
there have been fair supplies and a steady demand, at
the follow! nglpr ices :— Jersey kidneys, ys. to 8s. ; ditto
round, ys. ; Cherbourg flukes, ys. to 8s. ; ditto round,
6s. 6d. to ys. ; Kent kidneys, loj. ; Essex shaws, ys.
per cwt.— The imports into London last week were as
follows : — 893 cases from Cherbourg, luo baskets Rotter-
dam, 68 cases Havre, 68 baskets 20 packages Boulogne,
100 cases Bordeaux, 457 baskets St. Nazaire, 44 tons
5668 packages 2065 boxes Jersey, 62 packages 46 cases
32 casks Malta, 1623 cases Barfleur, 35 boxes Lisbon,
159 bags Hamburgh. 40 cases Marseilles, and 900 boxes
from Fernanville.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, 15J. 6d. ; Ravensworth West
Hartley, 14J. gd.; Walls End — Hetton, lys. ; Hetton
Lyons, 15^. ; Lambton, 16s. 6d. ; Wear, 15J. ; Tees,
lys. 3(/. ; East Hartlepool, i6s. ^d.; South Hartlepool,
Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at 100^ to ioo:J for delivery, and ioo| to looj'^s for the
account. Tuesday's finishing prices were 99^ to 100
for delivery, and 100^ to 100^ for the account. The
closing quotations on Wednesday were, for delivery, as
on the preceding day, and 100 to looJ for the account.
On Thursday the final prices showed a decline of 5 for
delivery, and of j^g for the account.
"pOUNCE'S BLIGHT KILLER, in addi-
tioa to keeping all Plants Clean and free from Fly,
Mealy-bug, Thrips, American Blight, Sic, drives Moles from
ground watered witb it. Price is. per bottle (to make 10
gallant), 55. per gallon. Wholesale and Retail of
POUNCE AND SONS, 18. Westbourne Grove, London, W.
Amortiser.— Amortiser.— Amortiser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly,
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DtSTRUCTlON
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothoiise, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watermg the Ground which
Instantly Destroys Slugs, Wireworms Caterpillars, Grubs, &c
When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample
Cai>s, 4^4 gallons, 3^. 6d., tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides
and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame-
rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale,
&c., and for Washing all Hard-
Wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonial.
*' Coton Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, i88c.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presentmg you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
BEMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of all DIRT from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
GISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, ir., 3s., & lor. 6d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes. 6d
and If. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limned), London.
FLO RAL G U M.
This Gum is guaranteed to effectually secure the petals
of flowers Irom falling. It is easily applied — diies
instantaneously — and leaves no stain on the blossom.
Universally approved of by the leading Florists and Groiuers.
{See Testimonials.)
" 18, Westbourne Grove, W., June 18, 1883.
" Gentlemen, — We have much pleasure in testifying to the
excellence of your Floral Gum, which we have used for some
years. It fixes the petals of fljwers without injuring or staining
lhem.-Yours fauhfully, „ j^g. H. POUNCE and SONS.''
" Messrs. Hawes & Crisp."
CRYSTAL GUM .. as. oii'. pint. 3s. 6</. quart. 151. gallon
OPAQUE ,, .. II. 6rf. ,, ts. gd. „ iM. ,,
Sample Bottle of either kind sent post-free for is. -^d. in stamps.
HAWES & CEISF,
103, los, 107, QUEEN'S ROAD, BAYSWATER, W.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers. Leede,
Yorkshire.
A R N O L D'S
ORIGINAL AND CELEBRATED
SILVER SAND.
SILVER SAND PEOPEIETORS AND MEECHANTS.
PITS — Leighton Buzzard, Beds.
Postal and only Address :—
J., J., & G. ARNOLD,
'28, Clarendon Sq., London, N.W.
Trade Supplied and Liberal Discount Allowed.
Write for Lowest Prices as above.
SILVER SAND, best coarse ; PEAT, best
brown fibrous ; LOAM, best yellow fibrous — ON RAIL,
in any quantities, loose or in bags, at the lowest prices. Apply to
W. SHORT, Horticultural Company, Midhurst, Sussex.
SILVER SAND
DIRECT FROM PITS.
For lowest price, write
HENRY WILKERSON,
LEIGHTON BUZZARD.
'"TANNED NETTING.-2 yards wide, i\d.
J- per yard ; 4 yards wide, ^d. per yard ; 2 yards wide,
10s. per 100 vards ; 4 yards wide, 205. per loo yards.
NEW TWINE NETTING, t-inch mesh, i yard wide, 2<f. ;
2 yards wide, ^d. : 4 yards wide. Zd. per yard.
W. CULLI.-JGFORD. Forest Gate. E.
Raflla— Mats- Netting.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER have a very
large stock of the above, and can offer them on lower
terms than any house in the Trade.
9, James Street, Coveot Garden, W.C.
RICK CLOTHS- RICK CLOTHS.
Before purchasing, send for Samples
and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSON, 149,
Commercial Street, London, E, wlio can
supply a splendid article at a low price.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.
For Conservatories and CrreenUonses.
THE NEW CANVAS SHADING, sold by
BENJAMIN EDGINGTON, will defy the action ol
all weather. Protect your Fruit Trees. Tanned Netting.
Protect your Children from the Sun. By Her Majesty's Royal
Letters Patent. A new Summer-house, g feet 9 inches in
diameter, 9 feet high, can be erected or taken down and placed
in any position in five minutes. Price ;£3. This new contriv-
ance can be seen erected at
BENJAMIN EDGINGTON'S, 2, Duke Street, London
Bridge, E.C.
TIFFANY and SHADING for Protection
for Flowers and Fruit. — A special manufacture in 36, 38.
40. 45. 54- 60, and 72 inches wide, and NETTING at whole-
sale prices, in all oidinary widths. Sample and particulars on
application to
J. BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street,
London. E.C.
ICK CLOTHS, GARDEN NETTING,
&c.— RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS, SACKS, and
every requisite for Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post-
fiee. Can be obtained of HENRY VAN and CO., 17, Tooley
Street. London, S.E.. who also supply GARDEN NETTING,
2 yards wide, i%d. ; and 4 yards wide, -^d. per yard.
SCRIM CANVAS, i yard wide. 3^/. ; i^ yard, A%d. ; and
2 yards, 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, m pieces
of zo yards each, at 3^. 6d. per piece.
ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.- All ihe usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS. 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E C.
NETTING for Fruit Trees, Seed Beds,
Ripe Strawberries, &c.— TANNED NETTING for
protecting the above from Frost, Blight, Birds, &c., 2 yards
wide, zd, per yard, or 100 yards, i6j. ; 4 yards wide, ^d. per
yard, or 50 yards, i6j. NEW TANNED NETTING, suited
for any of the above purposes or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards
wide, 6d. per yard ; 4 yards wide, is. per yard ; 5^-inch mesh,
4 yards wide, is. 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 5^- and 6s. per
piece of 20 yards.— EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7, Crooked
Lane, London Bridge, E.C.
CHRISTY'S BOXES.
FLOWER BOXES, 2 Shallow Tin Boxes. la in. by 8 in. en-
closed in strong wooden cases, 6j. 6(^. ; in cheaper cases, 4 j. 6d.
GRAPE _ BOXES, 45.. with 8 divisions each, 10 in. by 4 in.
by 4 in.
PEACH BOXES, lorf., is., and upwards. Each Peach in
separate division. EGG BOXES from 6d. each.
INCUBATORS, REARERS, POULTRY HOUSES, &c
THOS. CHRISTY & CO., 155, Fencliurcli Street, E.C.
OrcUd Baskets.
SIDNEY WILLIAMS' superior Octagonal
Teak ORCHID BASKETS, with Galvanised or Copper
Wire, from 6s. per dozen upwards. Send for new illustrated
Price LIST to 23, Farringdon Road, London, E.C.
UNDER SPECIAL KOYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders in Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sheep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as "Day's."
Piice of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£2 i6j. 6d., sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAT. SON & HEWITT, Is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON,
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
July 14, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
61
J.
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
S M 1 T H'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Mttal, wiih kmsed
BLACK-FACED LETTEKS.
The i>ardenirs' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very hrst in merit. "
Saniple:^ and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon.
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, qo. Lower Thames St., London, E.G.
BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundieds of ions in stock, from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 teet. The largest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN. Uiittnn Street. Liverpool.
EEGISTERED TUBULAR FLOWER
STAKES, 2 feet, v- per dozen. PEA TRAINERS,
6 feet by 4 feet. js. td. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 (eet
long, bd : TKliLl.lSING. from 2<Ai/. square foot. HURDLES,
friim is. ARCHES, from loi. POT STANDS, from 61.
HANGING BASKETS from 6rf. GATES, FENCING-
NETllNG, &c. lUmtrated LISTS on application.
BROOKES & CO., 4, Cateaton Street, Manchester.— Estab. 1769.
CAE SON'S PAINT.
Patronised by
I/ER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE UF WALES,
15,000 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN UK LAID ON DV UNSKILLED LADOL'R.
I Ctut., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Paticrns, and Testimonials, P. si-free.
C A R S O
N S,
LUDGATE HILL,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD
LONDON. E.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK. DUBLIN:
and 55. ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discottjtt for Castl.
Oil Faint No Longer Necessarr.
RILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preservine Ironwork, Wood .or Stone.
{.Registered Trade ^ati,)
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is' fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstaoding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have befin received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
'* Fiercest- id Park, June iz, 1876.— Sirs,— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varni&h as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours
respectfully, Wm. Cox."
CAUTIO N.~\i\\A. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked wuh their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing, Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c.. sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire :
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 180, Buchanan
Street. Glasgow.
Ty ANTED, a Portable HOTHOUSE, com-
» » plete, with Hot Water, &c., as feet long, ridge roof,
I about 10 feet wide. State full particulars and price. Second-
I hand if in good repair, would do.
. MATTHEW T. SHAW and CO, 141 and 143, Cannon
■ Street, London Biidge, E.C.
<€LjgSSHeUSES8<ttEAt-MG>i
'sjjrGHCATE ROAD ,L0ND0N.N.W6v!
TENANT'S FIXTURE GREENHOUSES,
made in lights and easily
erected, lower part
framed and panelled ;
painted two colours.
Improved VentiLiting
Gearing for houses over
12 feet long. Glazed
with 21-oz. Glass, and
Painted 3 coats of good
oil colour.
Specimen size, i 2 feel bySfeet.^C^S 3^- 6 ^- For brickwork, ^20.
LEAN-TO HOUSES
for building against existing
walls, similar to above, 15 ft.
by lofeet, ;£24, or for brick-
work, /19. Portable Cu-
cumber Frames, painted 3
coats, glazed 21-oz. glass.
3-light Frame, 6 feet by
8 feet, £^ 41. (>d. Cases ^j.,
allowed when returned.
All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station.
Illustrated Catalogue free on. application.
C. FRA2ER, Horticultural Builder, Palace Plain, Norwich,
Cucumber Frames.
r) HALLIDAY and CO. desire to
^« diaw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England : — £, s. d.
2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet } v^rV\nv f 3 o o
3-liehtframe, i2feetby6feet ^ P^^^ff"f„ ^ 5 5 o
6.light (rarae. 24 feet by 6 feet 3 ^ases iree ( j^ q ^
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at prnporlionateiy low prices.
R. HALLIDAY and CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester.
No. 74. Tliree-quarter SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.
CASH PRICES—Carria^e Paid.
No. 2 size .. 8 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. £^ i^ o
No. 3 size ,. 12 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 6 10 o
No. 4 size .. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 850
These Frames are 13 inches high in front, 24 inches high at
the back, and 32 inches at the ridge. Front or back lights
turn over. Set-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted
lour coats of best oil colour, and the lights are glazed with best
21-oz, English glass.
GREENHOUSES,
Suitable for Villas, Small Country Houses.
NEW CATALOGUE. NOW READY. FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
Conservatories and Greenhouses. &o.
TT FREEMAN AND SONS, Horticul-
-•--•-. TURAL Builders and Hot-water Engineers. Cam-
^'k'^ltx?,';"^'' '^'"'<'E'=' Hackney, E.-Good subslanliaj-made
(tKEENHOUSES, Glazed ready for Fixing, 21 (eet by 13 feet,
^28 : is"; feet by 10 feet. .^15 ; 10 feet by 5 feet, /8. SFAN-
ROOF CONSERVATORY, 30 (eet by ,7 feet. ^[60 ; ji feet by
■3 leet, .£ji loi. ; 13 feet by 8 feet, {.A. LIGHTS, &c., in
Stock.
W. H. LASGELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C.
W H LASCELLES AND CO will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists ol Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for wails, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on appUcation.
BAYVISS.
JONES,
BAYLISS,
Catalogues
. .free . _
Manufactory:VictoriaWbrks,Wolverhampton'.;.
LONOON 0^F(CE,3,CR00KED LANE, KINO Wl LL(A1V1 sr.
PATENT
EXCELSIOR.
Factory, Newburgh, N.Y.
The CHAMPION LAWN
MOWER of this Season
Highly recommended by
the Field oi h^tW 14, 1883,
p. 477-
Sole Manufactnrers,
Chadbom & ColdweU
Manufacturing Co ,
223, Upper Thames Street,
London, E.C.
T. CLARKE, Manager.
HOSE.
PATENT REP.RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.
Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus pru\'-
ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.
A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red-
Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now ati good as ever."
Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices,
Sample and Price of
MERRYWEATHER & SONS,
63, Long Acre, W.C. : and Greenwich Road, London, S.E.
TH08. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
Tlie Beat
and Quickest
Uade.
4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, gfeet long, 4J. yi. each.
4-iii. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, ^s, 6d. each.
Price List on applicatio
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
Rosher's Garden Edging TUes.
THE ABOVE anii many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN '
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUN'IAINS. &c-, in Artificial Stone,
very durable and o( superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufaciurers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfnars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES."
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for seleaion.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and iiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L "v E R S~ AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Too
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N. B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
TEN SILVER
MEDALS
AWARDED
TOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
ti Weston-super-marb, Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green: ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, td. Book of Desigtis, xs.
62
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[July 14, 1883.
THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
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(about 9 words) or part of a line.
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IMPORTANT NOTICE. Advertisers are cautioned
atainst having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the scmier.
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All Subscriptions payable In advance.
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Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
ELECTRIC THERMOMETERS,
for CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, &c.
This Apparatus is most reliable for noting a rapid rise or
fall of temperature from any cause, and giving timely notice of
it by Bell to Gardener's house or elsewhere. „,,„^,,d
Houses fitted with ELECTRIC BELLS, BURGLAR
ALARMS, LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS, &c.
Prices on application. Catalogue three stamps.
FRANCIS AND CO , Eagle Telegraph Works, Hatton
Garden, E C.
CO.,
T.
14X12
20X12
20X14
20X16
16x12
16x14
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18x12
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WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING, a Handy Manual for the improved Cultivation
of all Vegetables. By William Earley, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to
Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown Svo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price 4J. 6//.
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN.
A complete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition.
Fcap. cloth, price •]$.
THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. o. fisher.
Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Price \s.
HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earley. Price ij-, stitched.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS, a popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earley. Price is. stitched.
WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.
SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names,
History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical
Terms. An entirely New Edition, enlarged in size and type. Medium Svo, cloth, price 25^.
BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell
T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of
100 Illustrations. Price 31. 6a'.
LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for students,
&c. With 400 Illustrations. Svo, cloth, price 5j. 6</.
LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. Wiih illustrations. Svo, doth, price 9..
LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND CECONOMICAL BOTANY- With numerous iiiusira-
tions. Svo, cloth, price 5^.
LINDLErS DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools.
Price i^. sewed.
M I LLI N GTON AND
43, Commercial Street, E.
PLATE, SHEET, CROIVN GLASS,
Horticultural and all kinds of Glass having so much advanced,
we are compelled to withdraw our prices, but on receipt of
application the prices will be forwarded, but will be only from
day to day until the market is in a more settled state. We have
some barfiains in zi-oz., from 9X7 to 14X10 and upwards;
sizes sent if required. Propagating Glasses, Hand Frames,
Cucumber and Horticultural Glass, genuine White Lead, be.-,t
Linseed Oil Putty. Paints. Oils, and Colours.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
i2-in., 20 ir. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz.
and 21-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases. „^
,^d\v^ — %„^
o{o 21 oz. Foreign, of the following OJ»
V Blzes, In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, '
3d8 and 4thB qualities always kept In stock :—
20X18
22X18
24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obuinod
^om
GEORGE FAKMILOE & SONS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
84. St John'B Street. West Smltlifleld. London, Ea
UN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
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Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
TDAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
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against Accidents of alt kinds. Subscribed Capital. j£i,ooo,oco.
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DRIED GRASSES,— Collections, comprising
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R. WILLIAMS, 40, Upper Rutland Street, Dublin.
Just Published, Demy 4to.
THE FRUITS OF ALL COUNTRIES.
A Descriptive Catalogue of over 500 Species of Edible
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above Offices for the use of Advertisers.
July 14, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
63
WANTED, a PARTNER in the NURSERY
and FLORIST BUSINESS— an energetic man with
small capital, one who can take the Management preferred. — •
R. P.,Gariieriers' Chronicle, ^i, Wellington Street, Strand, W C.
ANTED, a PARTNER, who vvilTlie
willing 10 invest about ^5000 in an old established and
well known Nursery and Seed Business in the Weat of Kngland.
The Slock is large and varied. — Address letters, J. W., Meabrs,
Hurst & Sons, 152. Houndsditch, London, E
ANTED, a HEAD GARDENERT^rTa
large establishment. He must be thoroughly com-
petent in Forcing Grapes, Fruits and Flowers, wiih a long
character, — Address, by letter, T. B., May's Advertising
Offices, 159. Piccadilly. W.
ANTED, in August, a HEAD GAR-
DENER, without family— Wife as Laundress — in a
small private family. Good house. Vines, Orchard-hou-ic, no
Melons or Pines, Active man required. Under Gardener and
boy. — R. D., Messrs. Terry, Stoneman & Co., 6, Hatton
Garden. E.G.
WANTED, a married man, as good
SECOND GARDENER, where two more are kept.
Mu;t have a good General Kmiwledge of Stove and Green-
house Plants. Pines, Vines, Peaches, &c., and take a thorough
interest in his woik. Wages ^i per week, with lodge, firing,
milk, and veeetable-. — Apply, with testimonials as to character
and capabilities, to J. WILLIS, Head Gjrdener, Thurcroft
Hall, near Rotherhim. Vorks.
WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER,
in the Is'and ol Jersey. A stber and eflicient man —
one who undei stand Fruit 'J rees. References required. —
A. X. Z , Noirmoiit Manor, Jersey.
WANTED, a~l^~R OP A G A T O RT'and
GROWER of General Indoor Plants and Cut Flowers.
One who has had experience in Market-work preferred — Apply,
with testimonials as to ability and character, to THOMAS
BUTCHER. Nurseryman, South Norwood, S.E.
WANTED, a smart, energetic young man,
as FOREMAN. Must be good hand at House
Decoration, and good Plantsinan. Wages, i8j. per week,
Bothy, Milk, &c.— ALFRED BARKER, The Gardens, Adare
Manor, Co. Limerick. Ireland.
ANTED, TWO good JOURNEYMEN—
one to lake charge of tnree Vineries, Fig-house, Banana-
htjuse, Aquatic-house, &c. ; the other to take charge of three
Vineries, two Peach-houses, Fig-house, &c. Wages, 17^. per
week and boihy. No premium. — Apply, by letter only, to J.
OLLERHEAD, The Gardens, Wimbledon House, Wimbledon,
Surrey, S. W.
ANTED, AT ONCE, a MAN, well up in
Budding and Grafting and General Nursery Work.
Constant employment for a good, steady man. Also an IM-
PROVER. State wages.— CHAS. and J. W. TOWNSEND,
Nurserymen, Fordham, Cambridgeshire.
WANTED, TWO or THREE young MEN,
well up ia Budding Roses, and also young MEN to
Assist in the Houses. State wages.— J. B. GOUBERT, The
Nurseries, Kilburn. London, N.W.
WANTED, AT ONCE, a young MAN,
well up at Potting and Tying. Progessive wages to
commence at i8j. per week. One from a Market Nursery
preferred. — TURNER BROS.. Nurserymen and Florists,
Green Hill Nursery, Allerton, Liverpool.
ANTED, a MAN and WIFE— man to
look after Poultry and fill up time in the Garden ; wife
as good Lam,dress. No children. Good characters required.
Cottage and firing found. —Apply, by letter, with full parti-
culars of last service, wages received, &:c., to Mr J. BROWN,
Great Doods. Reigate, Surrey.
WANTED, ONE or TWO experienced
PACKERS. Must be men of sober, industrious
habits. Permanent situations to suitable men —Apply, stating
age, and w.iges expected to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm
Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requirine any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be matie. — Holloway, N.
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, are in a position to
recommend a thoroughly competent man as GARDENER, or
as GARDENER and BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or Gentle-
man requiring such. *
"pi G. H E NDERSON AND SON
-LJ • have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and good character waiting re-engagements as
HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring such. —
Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale. W.
T3ICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to
J- w announce that they are constantly receiving applications
from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to
supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c.— St. John's
Nurseries, Worcester.
(^ARDENER (HEAD) ; age 28.— The Son of
■ V^ the Head Gardener to the Earl of Hirdwicke desires
to n^eet with some Nobleman or Gentlemen who is requiring the
services of a tru'itworthy and efficient person in all the branches
of High.class Gardening. — HUMPHRYS, Wimpole Hall.
Koysion, Cambs.
GARDENER (Head), where four or five are
Itept. — Age 40, married, no family ; twenty-five years'
tliorough experience in all branches of Gardening. Good refer-
ences.—E. J., 8, Northold Road, Roxeth, Harrow.
(■:tARDENER (Head),— Age 40; marrTetJ^
V>^ one son (age 13) ; has had twenty-six years" practical
experience in several large establishments. Good icferences.—
Mr. liEALE, Post-office. Chichester.
C^ARDENER (H ead").— s'ingI^tho7oughIy
y~C practical man, experienced in all branches. Has served
in first-class establishments. Trustworthy, Good references. —
GARDENER. Mr. Putterill. Back Street, Hatfield, Herts.
CI^ARDENER (Head).— Married, no family ;
V-* thorough practical experience in all branches. Early
and Late Forcuig. Good reference?.— A. B., Bout's Library
belle Vue Road. Wandsworth Common. S.W.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 27 ; wife can
take charge of Dairy and Poultry. Ten years' experience
m some of the best Gardens in England. Good character. &c
-W. F. SMYTHE, Privett, Alton. Hants.
(^ARDENER (Head).— Age 30; sixteen
V^ years' practical experience in all branches, Early and
Late Forcing, Vines. Melons, Cucumbers, Flowers. &c. Good
testimonials. Highly recommended by present and previous
employers.— G. SMITH. Hall's Library, Horley. Surrey.
r^ARDENER (Head); age ?,i.~£s Bonus
V-^ wdl be given to any person who may be the means of the
Advertiser securing a suitable situation. Total Abstainer. First-
class references and character.— S. HEATH, Trushara, Bovcy
1 racey.
(TJ-ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 40,
V^ married, one child ; well up in all branches. Eleven
years first-class testimonials and personal character Country
preferred.-F. H. B , 47, Lowfield Road, Kilburn. N.W.
r^ARDENER (Head Working), where two
V--' or three are kept. — Married : six years and ten months
good character from present situation.— J. BUTLER, Cranford
Hounslow, Middlesex. '
(^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32,
Vj married, two children : total abstainer : eighteen years'
practical experience in all branches of the profession. Good
references —THOMAS WICKSON, Victoria Road, Acocks
Green, Birmingham.
(^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 42,
V^ married, two children ; good Fruit and Plant Grower,
and thorough practical General Gardener. Stock, Dairy, and
Poultry if required.— P.. n, White's Cottages, Upper Downs
Road, Epsom.
(T^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31^
V^ married ; thoroughly understands the Management of
Vines, Plants. Flowers, and Fruit ; also the thorough Manage-
ment of a good Kitchen Garden. Personal character and refer-
ences from previous employers.— A. BARNtS, 3, Beach Road
Sevenoaks, Kent.
(^ARDENER (Head Working), where
v^ more are kept.— Ase 3a. married, one child ; thoroughly
competent. Sixteen years' practical experience in all branches
o Gardening. Excellent testimonials from several first cU- s
?^5^/i~J- DRINKWATER, Gardener, Normanby Hall,
Middlesborough.
(^ARDENER (Head Working), or GAR-
V-" DENER and BAILIFF.-Middle-aged, married, no
family : respectable, trustworthy ; thoroughly experienced in all
branches of the profession. First-class character. Leaving
through the estate being given up.-GARDENER, Glencoe.
shooters Hill, Kent.
O.ARDENER (He.\d Working).— Age 2,i,
V^ married, no family; thoroughly understands Pines,
Vines. Peaches. Melons, &c.. Stove and Greenhouse Plants
Slower and Kitchen Gardening. Twenty years' experience,
with good character. Three and a quarter yeirs in present
situation as Head. -The GARDENER, Eournbrook Hall.
Dli*mingham.
(^ARDENER (Head), or FORESTER—
V-" The Advertiser is open lor an engagement with any Lady
or Gentleman, in the above capacity of Head Gardener or
forester combined. Has had large experience in both depart-
ments, and IS now leaving present situation, after twenty-two
years service, owing to the death of his late employer, and con-
sequently a great reduction in estate expenses. Can produce
'., most satisfactory references for character and abiiities.-
Mr. ROBERT CRAIG. The Gardens, Levens Hall. Miln-
Ihorper or Messrs. DICKSON, BROWN and TAIT, Seed
Merchants, Manchester, where full information can be had.
/':j.ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
v^ ~^^f J^' ■7""'='^ ■ uniierstands Vines. Cucumbeis
Melons and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Kitchen Garder-
ing 1 hree and a h,ilf years' good char,icter. Near London
preferred. -G J , 7. kelson Street, Kilburn Rise. London.
/^ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 38,
V-" married, no family; sober, intelligent. Well up in
Pleasure Gardening. &c. Good references.— C. E. D.. Sereood's
Library, Kennington Road, S.E.
(^ARDENER (Second), in a Gentleman's
D^.r S"'J^,n---Age25; good character from last situation.—
B. W., Elmdon, near Saffron Walden, Essex,
(TJ-ARDENER (Second). — Age 22 ; seven
V-^ years' experience. Good character. Reason for leaving,
employer gone abroad. -J. FUNNELL, Little Flanchf rd
Leigh, near Reigate, Surrey.
r:!!. ARDENER (Second), in a good estabhsh-
V." ment.-Age 23, single; seven years' good experience.
Good references from present and previous employers.— H. L
32. lemperley Road, Balham, Surrey.
C:'ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY-
V^ man ; age hi-- J GiLKS. Gardener to A. Berwick,
tsq , Higham Hill, Walthamstuw. can recommend an active
young man of good experience. Total abstainer. State par-
ticulars.
(^ARDENER (Under), in the Houses in a
J good establishment.- Age 24; can be highly recom.
mended.— H. F., Haydon's Cottage, Sidmouth, Devon.
GARDENER (Under).— Age 17 ; thoroughly
understands his work. Good references.— N. R 5 Elm
Terrace, Eltham. '
('::' ARDENER (Under). -Age 22 ; has had
V-^ seven years' experience in Plant Growing, Early and
Late Forcing, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Highly
recommended.- W., Mr. Ueale, Post-office, Chichester.
GARDEN ER (Under); age 24. ~
F. Whdher, Quarry Hill Nurseries, Tonbridge. can
with confidence recommend a young man of good ability as
above, Inside or Out. First-class character. Eight years
experience.
(^ARDENER and COWMAN (Single-
V-.* HANDED or Otherwise). —Age 2g, married, one child
good character from last place — J. A., Gothic Lodge, Lordship
Lane. Dulwich, S.E.
"POREMAN, in a Gentleman's garden.—
n'„„^^°"''' V'^f""i- Three years' good character.- J.
MOSS, Titley, Herefordshire.
"POREMAN, Inside or Out, or both combined.
J- —Age 25 : nine years' experience in large establishments,
lotal abstainer. Well recommended.— S. FAV, Alvedislon,
Salisbury.
T^OREMAN, in the Houses. — Thoroughly
-f- practical in all branches, including Plant and Flower
Derarations. Good chataclerand testimonials. —H.RICHARD-
SON, 7, Park Cottages, Hurstpierpoint.
■pOREMAN.— Middle-aged; successful Pro-
JL pagator and Grower of first-class stuff, Hard and Sort,
,.?"^' ■' '^^'''=' "' General. Energetic and experienced.
— W. C.. 7, Frances Street, Woolwich, Kent.
"p'OREMAN, in the Houses, in a good estab-
•*- hshment.— Age 24 ; ten years' experience in all depart-
ments. Highly recommended. Three and a half years in last
place. -FRED. FLETCHER, Coleorton Hall, Ashby-de-la-
Zouch, Leicestershire.
"J^OREMAN, or SECOND in a good estab^
-L hshment, where more are kept. — Aee 22 ; five years'
experience. Good references. -A. KNIGHT, The Gardens,
Conyngham Hall, Knaresborough, Yorks.
FTo Nurserymen.
OREMAN and PROPAGATOR, or Man-
agement of Nursery.— Successful Propagator and Grower
of Roses and General Hard-wooded Plants. Conversant with
General Routine of Nursery Work and Cut Floiver Business.—
H. D Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
otrand, W.C.
"P O R E MA N ^p"r1d Fa GA TO R and
-J- GROWER. — Single ; well up whh Grapes, Tomatos.
Cucumbers, Ferns, and all Flowering Plants for Cut Bloom and
London Markets. Good Budder. Nine years' character —
F. H. HINNELL, Flower of Valley Gardens, HaUiax Road.
Rochdale.
JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
y ^S= 21 : Sood character. Please state wages. &c.—
J. WILLIa. Wapley Hill, Chipping Sodbury, Gloucestershire.
TOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
'/ Age 21 ; SIX years' fir-tclass character from Shipley Hall
Gardens, Derby, and Keele Hall Gardens, Staffordshire. Bothy
preferred -J. BURROWS. Mapperley, near Derby.
TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
" establishment.— Age 20; bolhy preferred. — Four years'
good chiracter. -W. M., 2, Tinling Cottage, Beulah Road,
Walthamstow, EsEex.
JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out.— Age 22 ;
f-' seven years' experience. Good references. Total abstainer!
Bothy preferred.-A. HILL, The Gardens, Halstead Place,
bevenoaks, Kent.
ITIG GARDENERS.-A young man desires
-^ a situation in the Houses, in which he has been four or
five years —A. M., 25. Hyde Close, Hyde Street, Winchester.
JJIO GARDENERS. — A respectable you^
-L man (aged 20) desires a situation in the Garden. Five
years in last place. Please state wages.— A. F Mrs Akers
Datchet, near Windsor, Berks. " *
. To Nurserymen ana Seedsmen.
J)00K-KEEPER, SHOPMAN, or could
■J-' Manage a Business.-Aee 38 ; first-class references —
A. B., 153, High Street, Harborne, Birmingham.
QHOPMAN (Assistant).— ThoTouglily trust-
^ worthy and obliging. Has a knowledge of Plants, S^eds,
Cut Flowers, &C.-S. S. W., Seed Warehouse, Library Build-
ings, Hereford.
nPRAVELLER.- An experienced Traveller in
J- the Nursery Trade desires an engagement for a few weeks.
Terms moderate.-NURSERV, W. H. Smith, News Agent,
Rose Crescent, Cambridge.
/IQACHMAN and HANDYMAN.— Age 30,
V^ married ; three years' first-class reference. Suburbs
preferred. — R.. 86, J Street, Queen's Park. Kilburn, N.W.
Jj^ARM BAILIFF.— Used to Heavy and
-. oi'"'^'" ??''^ ' Breeding and Rearing all kinds of Stock
and Sheep Good references.— B. RINGER, Harestock Farm
near Winchester.
JJOLLOWAY'S PILLS. - This cooling
-A.A- Medicine has the happiest effect when the blood is
over-heated and a tendency to inflammatory action is set up in
the system ; one Pill taken shortly before dinner does away
with the Indigestion Fulness, and Flatulency— indications of a
Weak Stomach or Disordered Liver. A few Pills taken at bed-
time act as alterauves and aperients ; they not only relieve the
bowels, but regulate every organ connected with them, over-
come all acrid humours, and encourage a free supply of all the
secretions essential to our well-being. Holloway's Pdls
thoroughly cleanse and perfectly regulate the circulation and
beget a feeling of comfort in hot cUmatesand high temperatures
which IS most desirable for preservation of health.
64
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 14, 1883.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, 8.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horti'ultural Purposes.
Ilhislraied CATALOGUE, \i,th edition, price is.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883
Patent Reliance Kotary Valves.
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S MEETING AT YORK, JULY 16 to 20.
T. H. P. DENNIS & COMPANrS EXHIBIT.
Stand, No. 398. Open Ground Space.
NEW SYSTEMS OF PATENT GLAZING, CHEAP CONSERVATORIES, GREEN-
HOUSES and SUMMER HOUSES, RIVERS' WALL COVER, MELON FRAMES and PLANT
PROTECTORS, PATENT BOILERS and VALVES for Heating Apparatus.
Call and inspect them, or write for Catalogue of Novelties for this season,
Address-MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.
This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can Idc obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Estabhshments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.
No. 37.
No. 63.
DEEP WELI. PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.
PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or
Steam Power.
[GarHen^, &c
No. 46a. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No, 5oands4a. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.
S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
W.-^TER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, B.\THS, DRYING CLOSETS, G.\SWORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribuUon, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates furnished.
No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.
No. 54*. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the
Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.
No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.
No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for
Garden use.
i|
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.
Now Ready, a Revised Edition of the
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.
Price 3d., Post Free 3id.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Puhlisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Offire of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars. City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office. 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. — Saturday, July 14, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland — Messrs, J, Mbmzies & Co.. Edinburgh and Glasgow,
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
Cstaljlisijeti i84i.
No. 499.— Vol. XX. {sek.esJ SATURDAY, JULY 21, 1883.
1 Registered at the General ? Price 6d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. jPosT-FREE, sj</.
CONTENTS.
Agri- Horticultural Society
Orchids, unshaded
60
of Madras
8-1
Orchid notes
73
Ant sjand plants ..
7»
,, exhibition, Mr. Bull's
St
Apiary, the
76
Orchids, Mr. Schneider's
84
Books noticed
87
,, hardy
s^
Boxes for sending plants
(J-'nothera Fraseri
84
by post
8s
,, Youngii
84
Brockhurst, Didsbury ..
77
Peaches and Nectarines ..
79
Calceolarias, herbaceous .
86
Pepper and Betel-nut
Campanulas
74
Potato disease
8-;
Campanula Raineri
84
Plants, new garden
70
Carnations and Picotees . .
,, and their culture ..
Cienkowskia Kirkii
8?
,. in flower
8.1
Cineraria, the
87
Promena^a stapelioides
Colonial notes
76
heteroptera
70
Cotton-seed oil
76
Roses, Mr. Bennett's Pe-
Cypripediums, monstrous
72
digree
82
Cypripedium culture
7^
Spathantheum heteran-
Cyrtandra pendula
7^5
drum
70
Dasylirion glaucophyllum
82
Senecio concolor . .
7S
Dendrobium Dearei
78
Societies : —
Dionaa muscipula
72
Ealing Horticultural . .
Ro
Epipactis rubiginosa
84
Edinburgh Botanical ,.
8g
Figs, seedling
86
Ipswich Horticultural .
88
Florists' tlowers ..
86
Royal Caledonian Hor-
Flower garden
78
ticultural
87
Fruit notes ..
8^
Twickenham Horticul-
Fiuits. canned
Q3
tural
80
Galaclites tomentosa
82
Trade groups
Sfi
Gazania longiscapa
77
Tulipa, the species of . .
71
Kitchen garden . .
7P
Vanda teres
78
Lilium Harrisi
81
Vines, distance of from the
Liliuins in flower ..
7i
glass
72
Mandevilla suaveolens . .
87
Weather, the
Melons and Cucumbers . .
78
Wild flowers
8fi
Nuphar advena . .
82
,. plants on Box Hill .
70
ILLUSTE
ATIONS.
Cypripedium Stonei, a Monstro
us
Mr. Brockbank's Garden,
View
s in 77
S.
85
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
•• Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Kensington, S.W.
NATIONAL CARNATION and PICOTEE SOCIETY'S
SHOW and EXHIBITION of BEGONIAS. GLOXINIAS.
FUCHSIAS, FERNS and LILIES, on TUESDAY, July =4.
Band of the Second Life Guards from 3 o'clock.
Entrance to the Show from the Fisheries Exhibition only, on
payment of 2j. 6t/. in addition to the \s. paid at the Doors of
the Exhibition.
Ticltets admitting to the Exhibition and Flower Show can be
purchased by Fellows and Fisheries Season Ticket Holders
beforehand, at 2r each.
Doors open at i o'clock. Show closes at 6 o'Clock.
EOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Kensington, S.W.
NOTICE ! — COMMITTEES' MEETINGS, Fruit and
Floral, at II A ftl. : Scientific at i i.m. ; General Meeting, for
the Election of Fellows, &c., at 3 i.m, on TUESDAY NEXT,
July 24.
NATIONAL CARNATION and PICOTEE SOCIETY'S
SHOW and EXHIBITION of BEGONIAS. GLOXINIAS
FUCHSIAS, FERNS, and LILIES, for which Money Prizes
and Medals will be awarded- (See Schedule )
COMPETITION for PRIZES offered by Messrs. SUT-
TON AND SONS and Messrs. JAMES CARTER and CO.
(See Schedule.)
Band of the Second Life Guards from 3 o'clock.
Doors open at i o'Clock. Show closes at 6 o'Clock.
IVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION.
GREAT ANNUAL SUMMER SHOW will be held in
Sefton Park, on SATURDAY and MONDAY, August 4 and 6,
when nearly FOUR HUNDRED POUNDS will be Eivea in
PRIZES.
Entries Close July 31. For Schedules and further intorma-
lion apply to the Secretary,
JOSEPH GORE, 34, Ullet Road, Liverpool.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY of SOUTHAMPTON.
President H,S. H, Prince Edward of Saxb Weimar.
In the Society's beautiful Grounds. Westwood Park, Southampton
on SATURDAY and MONDAY, August 4 and 6,
GREAT SUMMER SHOW of Plants. Fruit, Vegetables
Cut Flowers, Table Decorations, &c. THREE HUNDRED
and FIFTY POUNDS in Prizes. Also opening EXHIBITION
of HANTS and ISLE of WIGHT BEE-KEEPERS' AS-
SOCIATION. Valuable Prizes for Honey, Bee Appliances. &c.
Entries Close. July 28.
For Schedule of Horticultural Prizes, apply to C. S. FUIDGE,
54. York Street, Avenue, Southampton.
For List of Prizes for Honev and Bee Appliances, apply to
E. H. BELLAIRS, Esq.. Nea Close, Christ Church, Hams.
pHOICE SELECTIONS of ALPINES and
V^ HERBACEOUS PLANTS.-ioo for lis : 200, 60s. ■ 300
«?v'fr'5''Aj^Sc' 500,2001. Distinct species, established in pots.
bAXir KAGES.— 100. 28J. : 200. looi., distinct species and var.
CATALOGUE on application.
STANSFIELD BROS., Southport.
rpH]
For Sowing In July.
SUTTONS' CALCEOLARIA. THE BEST.
From Mr. J. Darbvshike. Gardener to W. Smith, Esq.,
Wilmslow. May i6. 18S3. — "I got First Prize with your Per-
fection Calceolarias at the Botanic Show on Friday. They are
really splendid, 2 feet through, and well marked."
Price. IS. 6d., 2s. 6ii., and sj. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' CINERARIA. THE BEST.
From Mr. H. K. Ward. Gardener to W. H. Budgett,
Esq., Stoke Bishop, April 2, 1883. — " Your Cineraria is the best
strain I have yet seen. I have taken the Premier Prize with
them three years in succession. Your strain took the First
Prize against fourteen or fifteen competitors, and a finer half-
dozen plants could scarcely be got together."
Price, I J. 6d., zs. 6d., and 5s. per packet, post-free.
UTTOI^' PRIMULA^ THE BEST.
From F. J. Walker, Esq., The Priory, Bath, Jan. 3,
1883 — " I took First Prize for Primulas at the Bath Chrysan-
themam and Primula Show from the seed you supplied us with
last year. There was a great competition. Your strain cannot
be surpassed."
Price, IS. 6d., -zs. 6d.t 3s. 6d.. and 5^. per packet, post-free.
S" UTTONS' BEGONIA. THE BEST.
"The Begonias are perfection. I have a small con-
servatory entirely filled with them, which are the admiration of
all my friends." — J. Darlington, Esq., Netherwood.
Price, i.r., is. 6d., zs. 6d., and 5^. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' GLOXINIA. THE BEST.
From Miss Dunsterville, Airdie, Malvern Link, Feb. 3,
1883. — " The Gloxinia seed has produced the finest blooms I
have ever seen even in the Crystal Palace Show."
Price, 2s. 6d. and ss. per packet, post-free.
U T T O N AND SONS,
The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. BERKS.
s
AOUILEGIA GLANDULOSA (true). —
Seed just collected. 2s, 6d. and 55, per packet ; i-yr. Seed-
lings, now ready, 2S. 6d. per dozen. Usual discount to the Trade.
R. AND A. MORRISON. The Nurseries, Elgin.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
oCTer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS, single and
double: PYRETHRUMS, single and double; PHLOXKSaod
TEA ROSES : CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
Hyacintlia, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, Sec.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
RH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials.
Post-free on applications.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston. Birmingham.
East Lotblan Intermediate Stocks.
THOMAS METHVEN and SONS
beg to offer their choice strain of the above, in four
colours, viz,, Scarlet, Purple, White, and Crimson, at is., 3S. 6d. ,
and $5. each colour. Price to the Trade on application.
IS, Princes Street, Edinburgh.
Rape Seed.— Mustard Seed.
pHARLES SHARPE and CO.
V^ have the above to offer. Samples and prices on applica-
tion. Sieaford. — July, 18S3.
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS, from twenty
choice varieties. Price LIST on application. Sample box
of plants with fruit, ^li. " Manual on Strawberry Culture," 6it'.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.
MESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
Home-grown Bulbs.
WANTED, SNOWDROPS, NARCISSUS,
LILIES, ACONITES, &c. Any quantity. Samples
and price to
GOLDSMITH and CO., n8, York Road. Lambeth. S.E.
Single Snowdrops.
WANTED TO PURCHASE, any quantity.
Cash.
J. W. . Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street.
Strand, W.C.
WANTED, a small quantity of good-sized
HARDY SHRUBS, in pots or tubs, fit for planting-out
at once. Plants suitable for a chalky soil required, such as
Cupressus. Thuiopsis, Yews of sorts. Box of sorts, &c.
Apply to Mr. BAIN, Burford Lodge, Dorking.
WANTED, 100 Old Pine STRAWBERRY
RUNNERS.
JAS. DICKSON add SONS, " Newton " Nurseries, Chester.
ANTED, PEACHES, NECTARINES,
GRAPES, MELONS, CUCUMBERS, TOMATOS,
&c. Also Mar&hal Niel ROSES. EUCHARIS, ORCHIDS
ORANGE BLOSSOM, GARDENIAS, &c.
WISE and RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden.
TULY IN THE GARDEN.
t* What to Sow.
T^HE BEST CABBAGES and LETTUCES.
ABB AGE. — CARTERS' HEARTWELL
EARLY MARROW Pronounced to be the finest early
Cabbage in cultivation. Very distinct. Indispensable both
for the gentleman's garden and for market purposes. In sealed
packets only 2J. per ounce : bd. and \s. per packet, post-free:
Carters' Heartwell Cabbage was awarded the First Prize in a
competition of 20 varieties at the Great International Exhibition
held in Manchester, August 24, 1881.
CABBAGE, — CARTERS' MAMMOTH
BEEFHEART.—The best main-crop Cabbage; large
firm heads of exquisite fiavour, invaluable both for table and
exhibition. In seated packets, is. per ounce, is. per packet,
post-free.
pABBAGE. — CARTERS' MINIATURE
V>' DRUMHEAD.— An early, globular-shaped Cabbage, of
delicate flavour and good colour, xs. per ounce, td. per packet,
post-free.
ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE
COS.— The largest, most delicious, and best summer Cos
Lettuce in cultivation. No tying required. Heads very solid
and crisp eating. 2S. &d. per ounce, fid. and is. per packet,
post-free.
LETTUCE
WINTER COS.— Very hardy and crisp.
6(/. and \s. per packet, post-free.
DUNNETTS' GIANT
25, per ounce.
LETTUCE.— ALL THE YEAR ROUND.
— Crisp and compact. If sown at intervals it will provide
Lettuces all the year round. 3S. per ounce, 6d. and \s. per
packet, post-free.-
C.'VRTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by
Royal Command to H. K H. the Prince of Wales.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W.C.
ORCHIDS. — We invite intending purchasers
to pay us a visit and inspect our houses.
The NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63.
NOTICE. — Intending planters should visit
our Nurseries. Many thousand Standard and Dwarf
ROSES are no* in bloom. FRUIT TREES in great variety,
in full bearing. Now is the best time to select ORNA-
MENTAL TREES and SHRUBS for autumn planting.
150 acres of Nursery Stock in fine condition.
H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Beikamsted, Herts.
Tea Rosea -Tea Rosea.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
To the Trade only.-lO.OOO Maidenhair Ferns.
MESSRS. PERKINS and SONS are now
ofTering a very fine lot of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM
in 72's, at 2or. per 100. Sample plant per post (to intending
purchasers) sent on application. \s. per 100 package.
Warwick Road and Park Nurseries, Coventry.
Cheap, Strong, Hybrid Perpetual Roaea.
W JACKSON AND CO., Nurseries, Bedale,
• will supply fine flowering plants, from pots, 8 inches
diameter, at 241. per dozen*. LIST of sorts on application.
pAUL AND SON'S ROSES. —These are
-■- now superbly in flower, finer than for many years, indeed
equal to the finest years, 1876 to 1878. The blooming plants
exceed 200, cos, and form the finest display of Roses anywhere
near London.
The Old Nurseries, Cheshimt, Herts.
One mile from Cheshunt Station, G.E.R.
Hyaclntlis. Tulips. Crocus. Lilies. &c.
CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CATALOG JE now ready and
may be had on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London. E.C.
REEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants bemg in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
To the Trade only.
EH. KRELAGE and SON, NURSERY-
• MEN, Seeds :\iEN, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland-
The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 36^^) of Dutch Flower
Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous rooted Plants
for 18S3-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen. Florists, and Seedsmen.
QU ILEGIA GLANDULOSA
(Grigor's, guaranteed True).
Fine young plants of the above beautiful Columbine, to bloom
next spring, 301, per 100, or 6f. per dozen. Also Seed, just
gathered, at -is. 6d. and 55. per packet, from
JOHN GRIGOR and CO.. The Nurseries, Forres, N. B.
The Trade supplied at Wholesale Prices.
66
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[July 21, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION
Friday Next.
CATTLEYA MAXIMA, Backhouse's variety.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL
by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, July 27. at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, a splendid importation of CATTLEYA MAXIMA
(Backhouse's variety), the superb form from Peru, one of the
rarest and finest varieties extant. The importation, owing to
this type being so rare, is a small one, but in extra fine order.
Also a large and unusually fine consignment of CATTLEYA
MOSSI.^, from the best district, mostly with short stout bulbs;
and various other consignments.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
LsDlia purpuxata.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include in the above SALE, on FRIDAY NEXT,
a specially fine importation of the above — in all, about loo lots.
On view at the Rooms the day prior to Sale.
Envllle Gardens, Stourbridge.
About 5 miles from the Stourbridge Stations.
IMPORTANT SALE of CHOICE PLANTS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are favoured with instructions from the Countess of
Stamford and Warrington to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, as above, on WEDNESDAY, August i. at 2 o'Clock
precisely, a large quantity of beautifully grown ORNA-
MENTAL FOLIAGE PLANTS for the Stove and Green-
house, including handsome Tree Ferns, which embrace some
of the finest examples of Dicksonia antarctica ever offered,
several stately Palms, Ixoras, Crotons — many fit for exhibition,
Anthuriums, well-grown Caladiums, fifty specimen Eucharis,
splendidly furnished plants, in fine condition. &c.
On view the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues of Mr.
GREEN, on the Premises; or of the Auctioneers, 67 and
68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, London, E.G.
N.B. — A wagonette will meet certain trains on the day of
Sale, to convey intending purchasers to the Gardens. (See
Catalogue.)
Wednesday Next.
MR. J. C STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street. Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
July zs, a small COLLECTION of FOLIAGE PLANTS,
consisting of Crotons, Caladiums, and Dracasoas of sorts,
Palms, Tree and other Ferns, &c., the property of a gentleman.
May be viewed the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, July 25, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr, R. Pfau, a con-
signment of ORCHIDS, comprising OdontogI'Dssum Krameri,
O. Oerstedii, O, Schlieperianum, Epidendrum pseudepiden-
drum, Oncldium cheirophorum, Masdevallia lata, Eucharis
Candida, from a new locality, &c.
May be viewed morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. July 25, about
50 extra fine plants ot ODONTOGLOSSUM CRI3PUM,
recently received by a gentleman from Mexico.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
NEW ODONTOGLOSSUM.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION at his Great Ronms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEX f, July 26. at halfpast
12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Mr, F. Sander, a fine lot of a
new ODONTOGLOSSUM, sent home by Mr. Lehmann; petals
golden-yellow, blotched heavily wilh bright chocQiate ; sepals
golden-yellow, spotted with the same colour ; the lip has a dark
crimson blotch, and is edged with the same colour ; flowers
large, borne on strong, stiff spikes. A fine COMPARETTIA,
flowers carmine-red, and freely produced; ONCIDIUM, v.iriety
of OBRYZATUM : a splendid importation of ODONTO-
GLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, and other ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Preliminary Announcement.
L.^iLiA ELEGANS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, a
very grand importation of L/ELIA ELEGANS. Further par-
ticulars will shortly appear.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
WANTED, a Small SEED and FLORIST'S
BUSINESS-capable ot extension-or PARTNER-
SHIP, by a young man of experience and capital, in London or
on South Coast.
Address, S. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.
aTnTED, MARKET GARDEN
GROUND, within 10 miles of London, by Michael-
mas. About 40 acres. Particulars to
DENNANT and PORTER, 63, Queen Victoria Street, E.C.
London.
FOR SALE, a FLORIST and NURSERY
BUSINESS, with an extensive connection in Land-
scape Gardening and Jobbing. There are two Nurseries, held
at the low rental together of ,£65, and well situate, in the midst
of a fashionable Residential District, only 4 miles from the
City and '^^^t End. Returns ;£4oco per annum. Books open
for inspection. Owner retiring, and will sell the whole concern
at a reasonable offer, about .£2500, which includes Greenhouses,
Lease, Goodwill, the immense and varied S'.ock in Trade,
Horses, Carts, and everything complete.
Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRI?, 8, New
Broad Street, London, E.C.
OR SALE, SIDCUP HILL NURSERY,
Foot's Cray, Kent. Established over fifty years, and
widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of
the death (without ii^sue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim, the Stock,
Leases, Business Structures, &c, , of this Nursery are to be
immediately disposed of.
For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the above address.
Investment.— Important to Orcliid Growers.
15 miles from London.
FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked
HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS— proprietor wishing
to deviate his whole time to another Business in which he is
engaged. Capital opening for Growing Orchids.
Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New
Broad Street. E.G.— (Folio 5865.)
To Nurserymen, Florists, Seedsmen, and Capitalists.
^pO BE SOLD, an Old-established BUSI
-L NESS, near a good Market Town, in the West of Eng-
land, easily accessible to London and South-Western Railway,
There are about 27 Acres of NURSERY STOCK of the finest
varieties and well-stocked Greenhouses. The Residence,
Offices, Stabling, and Cottages for Men, as well as portion of
the Nursery Grounds belong to the Owner of the Business, and
may be purchased or taken on Lease. The proprietor's state of
health alone induces him to retire, and he will be prepared to
sell on advantageous terms.
For particulars and orders to view apply to Mr, JNO.
FOWLE, 4, Hedgerley Park Terrace, Gunnersbury, London, W.
Tlie Nurseries, Woodhall. Spa, Lincolnshire.
FOR SALE, the Unexpired Term of a Ten
Years' Lease, at a low rental, of 5 Acres of well stocked
NURSERY GROUND, comprising a choice Collection of
Fruit Trees. Roses, Evergreens, Shrubs, and Trees ; four Green-
houses, well heated and stocked with Plants ; with Pits and
Frames. This Business, which is an old-established and lucra-
tive one, is for disposal by valuation, or agreement, owing to the
death of Mr. Edmund BIyton, the late proprietor. Easy terms
of payment would be arranged for a suitable applicant.
Apply to W. T. PAGE, Jun., Solicitor, Lincoln.
URSERY and MARKET GARDEN
BUSINESS, established thirty years, on rail ri miles
from London, to be DISPOSED OF by Widow of Proprietor,
as it stands — 25 acres in all — part on Lease, part Yearly Agree-
ment. Well Stocked, with good Residence, Four stlendid
Greenhouses, Strawberry and Gooseberry Plantations, &c. A
first-rate Trade and Private Connection.
NURSERY, Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.
First-class opportunity to Intending Dairymen, Sec.
JT^OR SALE, genuine old-established (90
: years) DAIRY BUSINESS. Main road, doing lo Barn
Gallons daily, also large trade in Butter, Eggs, Nevill's Bread,
Packet Tea. &c. Perambulator, Churns, and all utensils.
Rent £,-2^ : % Acre of Garden. Business taught if requued.
Price ;£t20. No agents. Apply,
DEVONSHIRE DAIRY. High Road, Lower Tottenham.
To Gardeners and Others.
NURSERY and FLORIST, N.W. — An
opportunity seldom met with for a couple of enterprising
men about entering into business. There is every convenience,
and position undeniable, with a rapidly improving neighbour-
hood. Terms easy.
FLORIST, 4, Tavistock Row, Covent Garden, W.C.
INVESTMENT.— A most comfortable, newly
erected MODERN RESIDENCE, at Twickenham, close
to the Station and the river Thames — Dining-room, 24 X 18 ;
Billiard -room same size, two other Reception-rooms, seven
Bedrooms, Stabling, Grounds half an acre in extent, tastefully
laid out ; fine Orchid and Plant-houses, with all modern im-
provements. The whole most suitable to a Gentleman with a
taste for horticulture. Price. ;^2300.
Addressj D., Messrs. Pottle & Son, Royal Exchange, who
will give cards to view.
PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horti-
CULTURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers
and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E, Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.
MILLINGTON and CoTenglish
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass. White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
W HAT A MISTAKE,
V T because we don't advertise weekly, to suppose that we
do not possess a large Stock. We have Seventeen Acres entirely
devoted to Flowers, and above seventy employes. Every
department is kept in the highest order, and Plants and Seeds
alwavs ready to be sent to all parts of the Globe. Send for a
CATALOGUE.
H. CANNELL ahd SONS, The Home for Flowers,
Swanley, Kent.
CATALOGUEjnew and descriptive. — Alpines
and Hardy Perennials, comprising 2000 species. Post-free
on application.— STANSFIELD BROTHERS. Southpott.
R
P
To the Trade.
OSES ON OWN ROOTS,
GLOIRE DE DIJON, ISABELLA SPRUNT,
RfiVE D'OR, &c.
^2 per 100 for cash, carefully packed, out of 4/^-inch pots.
MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, bristol.
To tlie Trade.
BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING
RASPBERRY..
Special Prices for Orders before September i may be had on
applicalion,
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, Hull.
INES, Surplus, for SALE, healthy and
clean~2o strong Plants and 36 Suckers
J. M., ig, Waterloo Place, North Shields.
OSE BUDS, for Budding— Teas, -js. 6d. ;
H.P., 5^. ; Newer Varieties, 61, per 100 ; my selection,
chaice kinds only, from LIST per arrangement.
W. CAUDWELL, F.R.H.S.. The Ivies, Wantage.
pHADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED.
V-.^ — This seed has been grown by careful selection for six-
teen years, and planting the stems where the produce would
not be likely to be affected by Bees. It is liked by the Evesham
gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and is
recommended to Farmert as a safe crop to plant — selling ihe
Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and good enough
— feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price ys. per pound
in small quantities ; 5s. 6cf. per pound for 20 lb, and upwards.
For Cash only. Apply to
Mr. RAN DELL. Chadbury, near Evesham.
8PYER8' MEMORIAL FUND.
Committee.
William Lee, Esq., Downside, Leatherhead.
R. P. Percival, Esq., Clevelands, Birkdale, Southport.
J. T. Peacock. Esq., Sudbury House, Hammersmith. W.
Dr. Paterson, Bridge of Allan.
Mr. Harry Veitch, Royal Exotic Nursery. Chelsea, S,W.
Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria Nursery, Holloway, N.
Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans.
Mr, W. Thomson, Clovenfords.
F. A, Philbnck, Esq , Oldfield, Bickley. Kent.
W. E. Brymer, Esq , M.P., 8, St. James' Street, S.W.
Mr. James, Norwood.
7 reasurer. — Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, F. R.S.,the Gart/cw^M*
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
Secretary. — Mr. James O'Brien, Harrow-on-lhe-HiU, to whr m
all communications should be addressed.
Subscriptions since those acknowledged July 7.
Baron Alfred de Rothschild £,i 1 o
Baron Leopold de Rothschild .. .. .. •■ 3 3 o
T. Farmer Hall, Esq.. Effingham House, Leatherhead 550
Mr, Ed. Morfe, The Nurseries, Epsom .. .. i i o
Mr. Tracy, Twickenham . . . . . , . . . . o to o
A. Benecke, E^q,, and Mrs. Benecke .. .. .. s o o
Messrs. Colts & Sons .. ,. .. .. ..iio
J. L. W 110
Geo. Meredeth, Esq. .. ,. .. .. ..100
Mr. Challecombe .. ., .. .. .. .. o 10 6
Mr, Beasley .. .. .. .,050
Mr. Tidy 050
Mr. Teal 026
Mr, Pitts 050
G. E. F 010
Mr. Saunders 020
Mr. Cole .. .. .. ..020
Messrs. J. Ivery & Sons .. .. .. .. . . o 10 6
Mr. Bain o 10 6
Mr. Dewdney .. .. .. .. .. ..020
Mr. Burnett 050
Mr. Sciver o 10 6
Mr. Mortemore .. .. . . o 10 o
Mr. Irons .. .. .. .. .. .. ..020
Mr. Wiggins 026
Mr. T, Bloxam .. .. .. .. .. ..026
Mr. Walton .. .. .. ., o 10 o
Mr. Putney .. .. .. .. o 10 o
Mr. Bond .. .. ..020
Mr. Osborns.. .. .. .. .. .. ..050
Mr. Gold 050
Mr. Swindon.. .. .. .. .. .. ..020
Mr. T. E. Rose 050
Mr. Megeney .. .. .. .. .. ..050
Mr, Dickenson .. .. .. .. .. ..020
Mr. Ampleford .. .. .... ., ..026
Mr. Gueriott 050
Mr. Bick ..050
Mr. Baxter .. .. .. .. .. .. . . o 10 o
Mrs. Mann oSo
Mr. Norton .. ,. .. .. .. .. ..050
Mrs. Lucas .. .. .. .. .. .. ..040
Mr. Fielder 050
Mrs. Bloxam.. .. .. .. ., .. ..076
Mr. Tweed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o 10 o
Miss D acre .. .. .. .. .. .. . . o 10 o
Robert Warner, Esq., Broomfield i i o
J. N. Fitch. Esq., 17, Eversholt Street, N.W. .. i i o
Mr. H. Ballantine, The Gardens, The Dell, Egham. . i i o
Mr. H, Burberry, Marks Tey .. .. .. . . o 10 o
Friends and Schoolfellows, through Mr, Thos. Yeates 13 14 o
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE EEFDSE.
e,d. per bushel : loo for 25^ : truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40^. ; 4.bushel bags, ^d. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ;
5 sacks. 25s ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, s sacks 221. ; sacks,
^d. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND. ij. grf. per bushel ; isi. per half
ton, 26J per ton ; in 2 bushel baes, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 81, erf per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, \s. per
bag, including bag. Truck-load, 255., firee on rail, Ux-
bridge, G.W.R. Order accompanied by remittance will insure
prompt attention,
J. H. VAVASSEUR AND CO., Cocoa-Nut Fibre Mills,
Uxbridge, Middlesex.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Oichids.
Stove Plants. &c.. £,b 6$. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT» for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 15^-. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5^. ; 5 Bags,
225. 6(f.; 10 Bags, 45^- Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
Tos 6(/. per Bag. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 5 2 j. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, £s per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25^. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by tlie
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL OOWIPANY
(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
me Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by tJiem and all Nurserymeyi and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wri. Tho^ison & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
tti
Jl'LY 21, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
67
R I D G W A Y'S
NEW PATENT
HEDGE, GRASS, AND LAWN-EDGE CUTTING MACHINES,
Strongly recommended by the FicUi^ Gardeners^ C/ironu/Cj and all the best authorilics.
Patronised by Her Majesty's Commissioners of Forests, and have received additional
orders from Windsor Great Park every year since their introduction.
From General Jones, Titer nh'y,
Uarroiu-oH-ihe-IIill, Oct. 1, 1882 :—
*' I liave the pleasure to inclose
F.O.O. for the amount due. The
Hedge Cutter and Grass Cutter are
first-rate; the Edge Cutter is tqiially good.— P.S. I
show them to .my of my visitors.
From 'I'homas Beattie & Co.. North
Uimi Seed Wanhviae^ Belfast, August 7,
"Please send us (orward three mere la
Clirpers by ..he;tpcst and quickct route. Yi
kind and pn mpt alimtion will oblige.
P.a. They are a good thing."
0/ Ire-
'^2 1 —
edge
iiil
, Kci^hley, Au-^.^,
LAWN-EDGE
CLIPPER
audTurfTrlmmer
Piice 15^. ; 20J-., btst
polished.
Warranted very
imich superior to anv
otlier implemtnl for
the purpose, as it wi.l
rut when moved
eillit r backwLLid or
ffirward, thcrcbv
nnking a mutli
cleantr shave.
1 the b' St yet made, ar.d
Iltdfie Cutter in use for the la'-t two
Best ,. g/-
The Gra<;s Cut-
ters have recenrly
bien much iir-
proved.
When dull hy
long use, or cut-
ling through sod.
&C , it is quickly
and ea'iily shnrp-
ened by an ordin-
ary mill-savv file. I'de for sharpeninij
any cf the above machines, 15. extra.
From John Carter, Nurseryman and Secii%m.xn
will certainly do its wo»k well."
From h\Ji\K\iVs^^%zoTT^ Sherhoi-HC Gar Jens, Oi'lo\'>' \Q. 1882: — "After hiving
years, I am now able to give you my opinion of them, and that i; I consider them by far the best machines for Hedge Cntnui; I have
ever seen. One man can do more work with them, and with more ease, than two men can do with the !shear>, and niike much
better work than is usually done with them."
From C. W. MoRRiss, Esq., F.R.H.S.. King's Lynn. February 23 :— " Dear Sir,— Please send me another of the T4-Inch
polished Grass Cutters. They are invaluable for trimmmg the grass roiuid specimen shrubs, the corners and banl<s of sunk tennis
lawns, and in numberless other cases where the ordinary miwitij mach ne cannot be employed. I would not be without mine for
ten times the cost. — Yours very truly, Chas. \Vm. Morriss. — Mr. A. Kidgv/.iy."
May be liad direct from (lie Palcutcey upon receipt of Posi-nfficc Ordo'.
LONDON-ROAD WORKS, MACCLESFIELD.
AU kinds of Horticultural Tools and Machines supplied to Order.
WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING, a Ilandy Manual for the improved Cultivation
of all Vegetables. By William Earley, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to
Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown Svo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price ^, 6(/,
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN.
A complete Giikle to the Manacjement and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition.
Fcap. cloth, price ']s.
THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. o. fisher.
Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Price Is.
HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earley. Price if. stitched.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earley. Price \s. stitched.
WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.
SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names,
History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical
Terms. An entirely New Edition, enlarged in size and type. Medium Svo, cloth, price 25J.
BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell
T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of-
100 Illustrations. Price 3^. bd.
LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for students,
&c. With 400 Illustralions. Svo, cloth, price 5J. (>d.
LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With illustrations. Svo, clolh, price 9..
ILINDLEY'S MEDICAL and CECONOMICAL BOTANY. With numerous Illuslra-
tions. Svo, cloth, price <,s.
LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For .Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools.
Price \s, sewed.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Eouverie Street, E.G.
To His
R0y.1l
Hig^lIIe^s
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Beautilul Flowers and Fruits
Use CIIUHIi, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all (he Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Ab.solutblv Pure. Frre from any
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '' Laguna " Cocoa-Niit Hubks, and can only be
ohtaiiied from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, snid by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. AmonRst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following :— From Mr. Charles Pennv,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales : "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham. February 28, 1S83. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for hO
many purposes in Horticulture is :i thorouRh boon, Make what
use ynu like of ihis letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALIi SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Bordering to Flo-wcr Beds. Combines -warmth
and cleanlifiess -with valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
is. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 135.: 15 sacks, i8j. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ;
30 sacks, 305. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of P.M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, as. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, chUBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London, E.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides
and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame-
rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale,
&c., and for Washing all Hard-
Wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S SOAP.
A 5 lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay niaJces an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonial.
" Coton Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 2S. 1S80.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you wiih
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
REMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous
„ best black fibrous . .
,, extra selected Urchid
LOAM, best yellow fibrous
PREPARED COMPOST, best
LEAF MOULD .. ...
PEAT MOULD
SILVER SAND (coarse)
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only ..
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.
,. PAPER, finest imported ..
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see speciai advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
us. 6d. per sack.
. 3s. 6d.
. 5S. od. ,,
. ' IS, per bushel (sacks
, f included).
IS. 2d. per bushel.
led, per lb.
8d. per lb., 28 lb. i8>-.
icd. per lb.. aS lb. 21J
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
SOLUBLE FIR TREE OIL insecticide.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and
Blight. Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a
good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, ij, M.,
25. 6d., 4J. 6if. a bottle. Per gallon I3r. 6if , or less in larger
quantities. Maker, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale
Druggists. New Yoik ; RiiLiCER & Sons.
68
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
TEA ROSES, fine plants, in 5-inch pots—
Mar^chal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others — 501. per 100.
BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-pots, best kinds,
including Alfred Neuner, price 40J. per \o-i.
W. JACKSON, Elalcedown, near Kidderminster.
Now in FiUl Bloom.
JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS
BEGON IAS. Gold Medal Collection, are the grandest floral
display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors.
Railway Stations — Catford Bridge, 5 minutes' walk : Forest
Hill, 15 minutes to Stanstead Park Nursery. Forest Hill.
RIMULAS and CINERARIAS lor WIN-
TER-BLOOMING.— Bull's Grand Premier Prize Strain,
the finest strain grown, and greatest variety of colours. Twelve
of either for \s. id., twenty-four for 2j. , free,
S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Helper.
(CYCLAMENS. — Bull's and Lamb's Cele-
^^ brated Prize Strains, really grand varieties. Pot now to
bloom next winter. Twelve for \s. 4^. , twenty-four for 25 dd. , free.
S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Helper.
Special Offer of Spring
BROCCOLI and CELERY PLANTS, viz. :
Carters' Champion, Cattell's Eclipse, Early White, Late
White, Brimstone, Veitch's Autumn Giant CAULIFLOWER,
and other Auluinn BROCCOLI, 5.1. per 1000.
ioo,oco Red and While transplanted CELERY, 7J. td. per 1000.
100,000 ditto, from seed bed, 5^. per 1000.
Strong and well rooted. Post-office Orders must accompany
all orders from unknown correspondents. Delivered free on rail,
W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, Guildford.
PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS of beautiful
J- strains at \s. €d, per dozen, ic^. per 100, post-free.
TUBEROUS BEGONIAS, named, ^s. per dozen.
FUCHSIAS, named, 12 in 12 sorts, 2J. ; 100 in 50 sorts, from
single pots, iir.
CHEAP PLANTS. —Wallflowers. Canterbury Bells, Sweet
Williams, Polyanthus, Primroses — good seedlings, Zd.
per dozen, 50 for sj, ; 100 for 3^. 6(/.
IVY, 12 beautiful varieties, for covering walls, boxes, &c.,
strong plants, ts.
HONEYSUCKLES, CLEMATIS, in fine named sorts, 9^. per
dozen, good plants.
PENTSTEMONS, PHLOXES, and PYRETHRUMS, for
display this summer, 12 roots of each, strong (not Postal
scraps), all named, io,r. td. ; half number, 6j.
COLEUS, LANTANAS. ABUTILONS, BEGONIAS,
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, for pot culture, all named
and strongly rooted, -zs. ^d. per dozen, post-free.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.— Plant now and avoid losses, as
the plants will be well established before winter, and
secure good blooms for next season : 12 in 12 sorts,
31. 6d. ; 50 in 50 sorts, 12s. 6d. ; 100 in 100 varieties, 24s.
FERNS. — 12 beautiful kinds, for cool greenhouse, distinct,
post free, 5^.
SPLENDID DAHLIAS, Show, Fancy, or Bouquet, 2s. 6d.
per dozen, all named.
GERANIUMS—Double, Single, or Ivy-leaf— for pot culture,
12 distinct and fine varieties, post-free, 4s., admirable
for winter bloom.
WM. CLIBRAN and SONS, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
Gardenias.
MESSRS. JOHN STANDISH and CO.'S
Stock of GARDENIAS was never so extensive or good
as it is this season. They have thousands of plants to select
from, in all sizes, from fine specimens in 18-inch pots to small
plants in 6o's. All clean and healthy, and to a large extent
well set with buds for winter flowering. Vkbv rbasonablb
Prices will be quoted on application.
Royal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks.
LOWER ROOTS
for Early Forcing, carriage pre-paid.
EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, per 100, 225 ;
per dozen. 31.
DOUBLE ROMAN and PAPER-WHITE POLYANTHUS
NARCISSUS, each, per 100, 15^. ; per dozen, 2s. 6d.
First consignment received. Large strong flowering bulbs.
Early orders solicited.
DICKSON AND ROBINSON, 12. Old Millgate, Manchester.
Primulas — Primulas — Primulas.
Fourteenth Year of Distribution.
WILLIAMS' SUPERB STRAIN,
ij. 6d. per dozen, los. per 100.
CINERARIAS same price. Package and carriage free.
The above are quite equal to those I have sent out in previous
years. Cash with order.
JOHN STEVENS. The Nurseries, Coventry.
EIGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from 12s. to 2.^^. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
BULB SEASON, 1883.
GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others,
by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may obtain the
FINEST BULBS at strictly WHOLESALE PRICES
Write for PRICE LIST to THE CITY FLOWER, SEED,
and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch Street, and So, St. Paul's
Churchyard, London, E.G.
Notice.— Inspection Invited,
rpHOMAS S. WARE
-*- has much pleasure in informing his numerous patrons and
all others interested in HARDY PLANTS, that a large portion
of his Collection is now in flower, including the following : —
PINKS, a grand collection, including Mrs. Sinkins, the
finest white ever sent out ; PICOTEES and CARNATIONS,
including Gloire de Nancy, and all of the best leading varieties ;
grand collections of PENTSTEMONS, POTENTILLAS,
and DELPHINIUMS. LILIUMS are in fine condition-
thousands of such grand varieties as colchicum, pomponium
verum, pardalinum, pumilum, Humboldtii, Parryi, califoroicum,
parvum, giganteum, pardalinum, \Va5hingtonianum, and many
others, are either in full bloom or will be in a few days ; as well
as many other BULBOUS PLANTS, CYPRIPEDIUM
SPECTABILE. ORCHIS HIRCINA, O. FOLIOSA, and
a host of other first-class HARDY PLANTS and BULBS.
Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, London.
R. HALLIDAY & CO.,
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the very best.
Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-Water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.
Plans, Estittiaies and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any pari of iJt£ Kingdom.
THE BEST MATERIALS ■
MODERATE CHARGES.
Our Maxim is and always has been-
riRST-CLASS WORK.
HORTIOULTURAI. STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, in EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.
JAMES BOYD & SONS,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS ANU
HEATING ENGINEERS,
PAISLEY.
LONDON OFFICE : 48, PaU MaU, S.W
-■=5S^S^^S
>
ft
a
o
APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS.
ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.
PUMPS and PUMPING MACHINERY
Of every description for Steam, Water, Wind,
Horse, or Manual Power,
Prices upon application with particulars of requirements.
Waroer's Garden, Farm, or
Greenhouse Lift Pumps.
Warner's Improved Farmer's Fire Engine, or
Portable Force Pump for Manure.
Warner's Portable Pump, with
Improved Valves for Liquid
Manure.
WARNER & SONS, Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers,
CRKSCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.G.
LAWN MOWERS,
Shanks', Green's. Excelsior,
Invnncible,
IS per Cent, for Cash off MAKERS"
PRICES. Cakkiace Paid.
THE L UGHBOROUGH
HOT 'WATER APPARATUS
Complete, with 1 2 ft. of 4-in. pipe, .£4 4 J.
Requiresno brick setting,nostokeliole
and no Hot -water Fitter for fixing,and
burns over 12 hours without attention.
SUBURBAN SEAT.
5 feet .. 17s. 6 feet .. igr.
Garden Seats in Great Variety
CONSERVATORIES and GREENHOUSES. Garden Rollers, Barrows, EnRines.
The prices given include Erecting Comflete with all ne- ^^l^lZjl^S' Arches and Hurdles,
ces=arybrickwork,&c.,withini5milesofLondonBridge. -«=5WssssBs»^ ' "" '^
SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size, IS ft. by 9 ft. so ft. by 12 ft. 25 ft. by 15 ft.
Price, £2,a. ii^ loj. AsS.
LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE.
Size, ioft.x6ft. i2ft.xaft. isft.Xioft. joft.Xisft.
Price, £\g los. £23 los. £zg los. .£40.
Proportionate prices for other sizes, and at any distance.
Orders over jC^ sent Free to any Station.
^ Discount for Cash.
niustratei GARDElf CA TALOGUE free.
IRON
TABLE. WATER BARROW.
Price .. 21J. I5gall.,30j.;20gall.,36j.
DEANE & CO., 46, King William Street, LONDON BRIDGE, E.G.
July 21, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
69
CABBAGE
FOR PRESENT SOWING
SUTTONS'
IMPERIAL.
The best Cab-
bage (or spiiiit;
use. If sown ihe
first or second
week in July it
will produce
beautiful Cab-
bages for early
spring use.
Heads cone-
shaped, very
large, firm, and
of mild flavour.
Is. per ounce.
ENFIET.D MARKET, 6rt. per ounce.
SUTTONS' IMPROVED NONPAREIL, 9c/. per ounce.
IMPROVED EARLY DWARF YORK, 8<^. per ounce.
LARGE BLOOD-RED. 9^/. per ounce.
Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans): all goods
value 20i. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England or
Wales.
SUTTON & SONS,
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.
R i M U L A S~.
TOMKINS' CELEBRATED PRIMULAS.
This years' crop IS now harvested and Seed is exceptionally
fine. All firit-class varieties. In packets, 2J. dd. and 5s. each.
Best terms to the Trade.
Address, THE NURSERIES, Spark Hill, near Birmingham.
SEEDS,
VEGETABLE, FLOWER
AND
FARM,
The BEST procurable,
at the Lowest Prices consistent with
GENUINENESS.
ILLUSTRATED DESCEIPTIVE LIST on appUcatlon.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
DUTCH BULBS.
A NT. ROOZEN and SON, Nurserymen,
-^■*- Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland,
Have pleasure in informing tlieir numerous friends that their
Crop of Bulbs is unusually fine this year, and they respectfully
request that all Orders be sent them as early as possible.
Their full and Descriptive CATALOGUE for 1883 will be sent,
post-free, on application to their Agents,
Messrs. MERTENS and CO., s, Billiter Square, London, E.G.
D A N I E L S'
WHITE ELEPHANT TRIPOLI.
The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference.
Seed, with complete Cultural Directions,
IS. (3d. per packet, post-free.
Daniels Bros. ('""iSpr,"!""), Norwich.
R. W. BEEDELL.
PRIMTJIiAS! - PRIMULAS!
BEST STRAIN THAT CAN BE BOUGHT.
Is. 6d. per dozen, Ss. per 100.
CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, \s. 6d. per dozen, 8s. per loo.
CINERARIAS, GLOXINIAS, AURICULAS, and CAL.
CEOLARIAS, IS. 6rf. per dozen, 8i. per loo.
ABUTILONS, in variety, id. each.
ADIANTUM FARLEYENSE, from single pots, Ss. per dozen.
K. W. BEEDELl,
The Nurseries, Wallington, Surrey.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from \%s. to 36^. per dozen.
These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
WEBBS'
Emperor
CABBAGE.
The Best Cabbage in Cultivation.
64. and Is. per Paclcet, 2s. per Ounce
Mr J. Muir, in the " Journal of Horti-
culture," of May 24, 1883, says :—
"Our largest piece of Spring Cabbage
measures 70 feet -^ 50 feet, and here
we have many sorts growing. The
best of aU these at the present time is
WEBBS' EMPEROR."
Per Ounce,
EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE
ENFIELD MARKET
EARLY KAINHAM
EARLY DWARF YORK
LARGE RED DUTCH
All Garden Seeds Free
do.
do.
do.
do.
Post-free.
8d.
8d.
9d.
6d.
is.
by Post or Rail.
WEBB & SONS,
- THE (JUEENS SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
2tnCl. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °^ MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded in 1784.
ADDRESS .■—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAOINELIiAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price 61/.) contains much useful information as well as " Hints
on Fern Culture." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
THE
SATURDAY, JULY 21, i88j.
UNSHADED ORCHIDS.
AN opportunity of again seeing the Orchids
grown at the York Nurseries in unshaded
houses, after another year's progress under such
conditions, goes to confirm the impression as to
the advantage of this kind of treatment for a
large number of species which, in common with
those possessing leaves that will not bear ex-
posure to the drying influence of the sun, have
hitherto been supposed by many to require
shade. The large house originally used for
pot Vines is now occupied by Orchids, consist-
ing of thousands of plants, old-established speci-
mens as well as others more recently introduced,
collectively in a condition of health and vigour
such as it is not possible to improve upon, if
even to equal. Each season sees some addi-
tional kinds tried under the non-shading system.
Epidendrum vitellinum is now on trial, and
seems to stand exposure without showing any
ill effects. The large numbers of different kinds
of Barkeria which have for three or four years
been fully exposed in this house present an
appearance possibly never before seen out of
their native habitats ; quantities of B. Skinneri,
only imported last year, are this season making
growth double the size of anything we have
before seen. These beautiful, but with many
growers unmanageable plants, keep on growing
each season with increased vigour, exhibiting
none of the signs of weakness usual after being
cultivated for a time. Oncidium Lanceanum —
another ticklish subject so often affected with
spot, yet when in good condition one of the
finest and most distinct of Orchids — is here
quite at home, making leaves unusually broad
and thick.
All the thicker leaved Dendrobiums revel in
the strong light, D. formosum especially.
Amongst Epidendrums the lovely E. nemorale
may be seen in perfection ; a lot of plants
occupying a considerable space on one of the
side stages are pushing up their flower-spikes
literally as thickly as the shoots on a bed of
Willows. Vanda teres, as those conversant
with the conditions under which this beautiful
species usually thrives and flowers freely would
expect, is just suited with the treatment, as also is
V. ccerulea. Saccolabium Blumei and S. gigan-
teum are alike strong and fully able to bear the
sun, along with the many other species here
located. But it is amongst the large and
beautiful family of Cattleyas, and their allies,
the Ljelias, that the experiment of exposure is
the most marked in its effects. C. Skinneri,
C. Leopold!, C. Mendeli, C. Mossia?, C.
Warneri, C gigas, and C. gigas Sanderiana—
the new and magnificent form of C. gigas— (the
best forms of this are greatly superior to the old
gigas, with the additional merit that they are as
free in flowering as the old kind is shy), C.
Gaskelliana, and C. Triana: are present in
quantity, and the growths they make are of a
character that not only gives evidence of
their treatment being the right one for the time
being, but, what is of equal importance, the
plants have an appearance that forecasts a con-
tinuance of rude health.
70
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
Not the least remarkable result of the un-
usual strength and substance which the whole
growth, bulbs and leaves, attain, is the endur-
ance the flowers produced by plants so
grown exhibit ; the flowers of C. Trianae
lasting for eight or nine weeks. The fact of
cultivation having much to do with the length
of time Orchid flowers last has been observed
by some engaged in their culture, but evidently
not to its fullest extent by all ; hence the
controversies ,that have taken place as to
the time the flowers of particular species
last. As might naturally be expected from the
near affinity of Cattleyas and Ljelias, the latter
succeed equally as well as the former under
exposure to sun ; how they bloom may be
judged from a single spike of LEelia purpurata
which we saw carrying eight large flowers. In
fact, quantity and endurance in the flowers are
the natural outcome of this kind of treatment.
Yet any one who would be inconsiderate enough
to submit a house of plants to sudden and com-
plete exposure to the summer sun, that up to
the time had been at all subjected to close,
dark, coddling treatment, would find to their
cost the mistake, as the spongy texture of the
plants would not bear the ordeal. A few plants
of this character v^hich Messrs. Backhouse have
purposely submitted to the test have almost
shrivelled out of existence.
The gradual reduction of shading with more
air for a summer or two would be necessary to
prepare soft-grown plants to stand the sun.
Neither will many Orchids do wholly without
shade at mid-day in bright weather, either in
lean-to houses facing south, or in such as are
span-roofed when the ends of the structure
stand east and west, for reasons that cannot
fail to be obvious to any one who has noticed
how the bars and rafters minimise the sun's
power at noon in houses that stand in opposite
positions to the above-named. In another
unshaded house a large batch of Sobralia
macrantha nana was a blaze of bloom, the
great flowers bending down the stout stems not
more than i8 inches high. Lajlia anceps, L.
autumnalis, and L. majalis, with such kinds as
Dendrobium infundibulum, Ccelogyne cristata,
and many others that succeed under similar
conditions of temperature, are thriving as well
as they possibly could do. Like the others
that are subjected to non-shading, the colour
of the leaves is paler than where shaded,
but both bulbs and leaves have a hard, board-
like texture that shows their robust condition.
One of the consequences that naturally follow
the sun's unobstructed rays coming directly on
the plants is, that they require much more
water, not alone on account of the drying in-
fluence it has on the material in which their
roots are placed, but equally so by the more
vigour imparted to the plants which enables
them to take more without any danger of the
young growths or the roots decaying through its
presence. This is a decided gain in more ways
than one ; where water can be given freely to
plants overhead it is one of the best means for
keeping them clear of insects, especially thrips ;
and when the plants are thus not impatient of
receiving a little more or having it a little
sooner than it may be required, it is not necessary
to look so minutely into their condition before
giving it. Those who have had much to do
with Orchid cultivation know that where the
plants are grown soft and tender they are
impatient of receiving the least water more
than they require, and that it takes consider-
able practice to determine when it should be
withheld and when given, Messrs. Backhouse's
sun-exposed Orchids need none of this nice
discrimination. Whilst these notes were being
taken the thousands of Cattleyas and other
occupants of these unshaded houses were being
watered overhead from the spout of an ordinary
watering-pot, it being applied to them with as
little stint as if the whole had been a bed of
Cabbages ; and to enable the potting material
to keep moist longer a much greater body of it
is used for the Cattleyas and allied species than
is generally looked upon as orthodox in prac-
tice. In fact the whole treatment may well be
described as Orchid growing simplified, with
results vastly more satisfactory than those
which have been the outcome of the mistaken
over-kindness with which these plants have too
long been inflicted.
CYRTANDRA PENDULA, .S/.«
A PLANT of the typical form of this species
flowered some time since at Kew ; it differs from the
plant figured under this name in Hooker's Iconcs
Planiartim, vol. viii., t. 1735-36, and in the Flore des
jfardins, vol. iv., p. 161, t. II, and to which Mr,
C. B. Clarke, who has monographed the Cyrtan-
draccte for De Candolle's Monogi-aphui: Fhaiierq-
gamarttm, has applied the varietal name of Blumeana,
in having larger, longer petioled leaves, and espe-
cially in the inflorescence, the peduncle being twice
as long as in var. Blumeana ; the involucre is not
cup-shaped, but spread open nearly flat (though this
may not always be the case), and the corolla is not
straight, but somewhat abruptly bent, and swollen
from the point where it emerges from the calyx. The
following is a brief description of it : —
Stem short and stout, somewhat creeping. Leaves
opposite on long petioles, elliptic or elliptic-lanceo-
late acute ; base acute or subcordate, above glabrous,
dark green, with greyish blotches, beneath pale
green, glabrous, with the nerves and petiole covered
with fine, short, curly brown hairs. Peduncle about
6 inches long, bent down so as to lie upon the earth,
covered with fine curly brown hairs. Involucre
openly spreading, rough at base from elongated pro-
cesses. Flowers several, sessile in the involucre.
Calyx 10 — II lines long, with five subulate teeth, and
splitting open on one side to about one-third the way
down, pale brownish, covered with fine, adpressed,
silky brown hairs. Corolla at its exsertion from the
calyx and from that point somewhat abruptly enlarged
or inflated, i^ inch long, subequally 5-lobed, the
lobes elliptic oblong, obtuse, white, clothed outside
with adpressed silky brown hairs, like the calyx,
inside dotted with purple on the lower side of the
Inflated part. A native of Java. JV. E, Brown^
Kew.
Spathantheum HETERANDRUiM, N. E. Brown.
This is the remarkable and interesting Aroid that
was described by Mr. Baker in the Gardeners'
Chronicle, 1S76, vol. vi., p. 164, as Gamochlamys
heterandra, and is figured in the Re/iigium Botanintm
at t. 346, under the same name, but upon dissecting
it in 1S7S I found that it is really a second species of
the little known genus Spathantheum. In the above
places this plant is stated to be a native of Africa, but
this is exceedingly doubtful, as the only other known
member of the genus is Bolivian, therefore it is
probable that S. heterandrum also comes from the
same region. After a lapse of twelve years this
remarkable plant has again flowered at Kew, not
having flowered since 1871, when it was in the pos-
session of Mr. Wilson Saunders. As it has already
been described and figured further description is un-
necessary beyond saying that it produces its inflor-
escence before the leaves appear, having a tall green
scape, and a boat-shaped green spathe, with no dis-
tinct spadix, but having the unisexual flowers arraged
in rows along the midrib of the spathe, the males in
the centre, the females outside ; the leaf is solitary on
a long petiole, erect, and elliptic in outline, with
deeply laciniated margins. Since 1S73, when it first
came to Kew, it has been several times exhibited in
the T range. N. E. Brown.
Promen.ea stapelioides (Lindl.) hetekoptera,
n. var.
This is a new variety of an old and well-known
plant. Its sepals are only partially painted with
stripes and blotches of a much lighter brown than the
petals, which are like the petals and sepals in the com-
mon variety, though the stripes are more numerous ;
thus a curious contrast is effected. I had it from
Messrs. H. Low & Co. H. G. Rchb. f.
* Cyrtandra pendula,SQ\\im^, Bijdragen, p. 768 ; DC, Fred.
X., p. 28 1 : Miq. , Fl. I)td. Bat., ii. , p. 739.
WILD PLANTS ON BOXHILL.
Whether to botanists or pleasure-seekers gener-
ally, Boxhill offers temptations and allurements of no
ordinary kind, affording a retreat at once exhilarating
to the spirits, attractive and picturesque on all sides,
striking the eye of the beholder who is accustomed to
more populated thoroughfares with a sense of relief,
and a feeling that the world seems wider than when
the vision is bounded by parallel lines of houses in a
level country. Approaching the hill from the rail-
way station the prospect is very imposing, where the
chalk of which it is composed rises abruptly to the
height of several hundred feet, and seems so steep that
the wonder is how vegetation can exist ; yet it is
closely covered with large Yew bushes, which give it
a dark and sombre appearance. Crossing the wind-
ing river Mole, the ascent is made by a footpath on a
grassy sloping flank of the hill. Here the close
greensward is enlivened in a charming manner with
patches of Polygala vulgaris, in various shades of
blue, purple, and white, interspersed with Poterium
Sanguisorba, Linum catharticum, Chlora perfoliata
{a pretty Gentianwort with sea-green leaves and yel-
low flowers, often cultivated in gardens), and Carex
recurva ; while amongst grasses Briza media and
Avena pubescens are prominent — the former a pretty
perennial species by no means very common.
Once the summit is gained the country opens on
the view like a grand panorama, showing the scat-
tered hamlets and villages nestling amidst the leafy
bowers of trees, from which ascends the busy hum of
the human population, supplemented by the noisy
whiz of passing trains, while the flight of time is
duly noted by the village clock.
The Box tree (Buxus sempervirens), considered in-
digenous in this country only in Surrey, occurs plenti-
fully on many parts of the hill, and gives evidence of
being at home by the number of seedlings scattered
about. All over the hill the flora is peculiarly rich,
but the greatest number of interesting and tare plants
seem to abound on the southern and western slopes.
In the woody parts Sanicula europrea, Ajuga reptans,
and Scilla nutans find suitable places; while under the
Beech trees Neottia nidus-avis attracts attention by its
peculiar scaly leafless brown stems, and flowers
resembling at first sight an Orobanche. It is, more-
over, a parasite on the roots of the Beech, and is the
original Bird's-nest of Linnreus, although included by
some modern authors in the genus Listera. Amongst
other Orchids, Aceras anthropophora is most widely
distributed ; Habenaria bifolia (the Butterfly Orchis)
crops up here and there at wide intervals ; while
Gymnadenia conopsea, another fragrant species, is
pretty frequent on the grassy southern slope, along
with Orchis maculata, which is less frequent. Cephal-
anthcra grandiflora occurs in widely distant colonies
under the shade of trees. Ophrys apifera (the Bee
Orchis) is the most beautiful, and to the Orchid lover
the most interesting of the group. The flowers are
not numerous, but the large pink sepals form a charm-
ing contrast to the pale velvety-brown labellum varie-
gated with yellow. The plant is abundant in open
glades on the south-western slope, and the wonder is
it has not been exterminated by the ravages of col-
lectors. Isolated plants of Echium vulgare, one of
the prettiest of our native Borageworts, bear bright
blue flowers. Although of annual or biennial dura-
tion, the plant is more worthy of cultivation than
hundreds that are far more difficult to manage.
Onobrychis sativa, with its pyramidal panicles
of rosy-red flowers beautifully veined with a deeper
shade, is rather plentiful on the dry open slope,
and is considered an escape from cultivation, except
in the southern part of England. Certainly it
deserves more attention than it gets as a plant for the
herbaceous border. Hippocrepis comosa, another
pretty pea-flowering plant, is also rare. The slender
stems and small pinnate leaves lie on the ground,
forming a close carpet of green, while the umbels of
yellow flowers are borne erect, and have rather a
refined appearance. It forms an ornamental plant
for the rockery, and is often cultivated there.
Plantago media, the most conspicuous of our native
Plantains, studs the grass here and there, from which
it raises its tall heads of flowers, rendered attractive
by the purple stamens and white anthers. Helian-
themum vulgare is a gay rock-plant, but like those of
its congeners, the yellow flowers are very fugacious —
a fault compensated for in a measure by their succes-
sional development. The only representative we have
in this country of the Yam family, Tamus communis,
July 21, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
71
is also interesting as a twiner that might be utilised
for covering fences. The foliage only is ornamental,
as the small flowers are green and inconspicuous.
Other rare or interesting plants abound, although not
in flower ; amongst which Clematis Vitalba is notice-
able, especially towards Dorking, where it grows
abundantly in the crevices of the chalk. Z,.
THE SPECIES OF TULIPA.— VI.
(Continued from p. 12.)
Sub-genus Tulipa proper.— Stigma sessile.
Section 3. Ges>!eria?uc. — Filaments without a tuft
of hairs at the base. Bulb-coats glabrous, or fur-
nished with a few adpressed hairs inside. Perianth
campanulate, usually bright red. Leaves usually
broad.
Sub-section 4. — Peduncle permanently pubescent.
All the six segments of the perianth, narrowed to an
acute point.
29. T. siiavcolois, Roth. — Marked in the section
by its dwarf habit, broad leaves, very downy peduncle,
large fragrant perianth, with six equal oblong acute
segments, and large stigma. It flowers in March and
the early part of April, and is, no doubt, the original
stock of many of our early-flowering garden forms.
I have seen numerous wild specimens gathered by
Pallas on the shores of the Caspian Sea, and from
Sarepta, by Becker and Prescott ; and it is reported
also from the banks of the Don by Henning, and
from the Crimea by Steven. It is the Tulipa precox
of Parkinson, and the Tulipa dubii pumilio of
Clusius. Figures will be found in the Botanical
Magazine, t. Sjg ; Redoutc's Liliaa\c, t. Ill; and
the Flore dcs Serves^ t. 1223.
30. T. slrai!i;iilala, Reboul.— Very near the last,
with which it is united by Dr. Regel, but much taller,
and the segments furnished at the base with a large
black blotch both in the typical red-flowered and also
in some of the yellow varieties. T. neglecta, T.
Bonarotiana, and T. vario-picta are no doubt mere
colour-varieties of the same plant. They are found
in cultivated fields near Florence, and flower towards
the end of April. Four of the forms are figured in
the Botanical Ra^ister, tab. 1990.
31. T, Iwtiia, Boiss. et Heldr. — Bulb as large as in
T. Gesneriana, the outer tunics nearly or quite hair-
less inside. Stem about a foot long in the wild plant,
with three Gesneriana-like leaves, the lowest 14 — 2
inches broad, much undulated towards the edge.
Peduncle pubescent, 3 — 4 inches long. Perianth
campanulate, always bright red, i^ — 2 inches long in
the wild plant, all the six segments decidedly acute
and furnished with a black Oculus-solis-like blotch at
the base. Filaments black, linear, glabrous, equal-
ling the anthers. Stigma about equalling the
diameter of the ovary. A native of corn-
fields in Greece, where it flowers in March.
A near ally of T. suaveolens. T. Euanthiaa of
Orphanides, which I have not seen, is now placed
by both Boissier and Nyman under this species.
32. T, Kanfinanniana, Regel, Gartenjlora, tab.
906. — A new, showy, Central Asian species, as yet
very little known to us in England. Stature of T.
Gesneriana. Leaves three, glaucous ; the lowest
oblong-lanceolate, I^ — 2 inches broad. Peduncle erect,
downy, 5 — 6 inches long. Perianth nearly 3 inches
long in the only living specimen I have seen (which
was raised by Mr. Elwes from a bulb sent by Max
Leichtlin), bright yellow, slightly tinted with red
outside towards the top ; all the six segments oblong
and acute, without any basal blotch. Filaments linear,
glabrous. I inch long, equalling the anther. Stigma
equalling in breadth the diameter of the ovary. Dr.
Regel describes and figures two forms, one of which
he calls albo-variegata, and the other luteo-variegata.
We shall, no doubt, hear further about the plant,
which seems a well-marked species.
33. T. altaica, Pallas. — Bulb \ — I inch diameter ;
the outer tunics without any hairs inside. Stem
6—9 inches long in the wild specimens. Leaves
usually three, the lowest lanceolate, about an inch
broad. Peduncle pubescent, 3 — 4 inches long. Peri-
anth usually yellow, -rarely red, i — \\ inch long in
wild specimens ; all the six segments oblong and
decidedly acute, without any basal blotch. Filaments
glabrous, lanceolate, equalling the anthers. Stigmas
equalling the ovary in diameter. A native of the
mountains of South Central Siberia, where it ascends
to a height of 6000 feet above sea-level. It is figured
by Ledebour, and the red-flowered variety recently by
Regel, in the Cartenflora, tab. 942. J. G, Baker,
(To be continued.^
SOCIAL LIFE OF ANTS AND
PLANTS.
Iris now nearly 150 years since Kumphius {Her-
bariiiin Amhincust; vi., p. Iig} published figures and
descriptions of the Nidus germinans, a curious plant
inhabited by ants. ■ According to him the ants not only
inhabited the tuber-like root-stock of the plant, but
they actually produced the plant itself. lie says : —
" This curious production of Nature originates without
father or mother ... for it is known that these
plants spring up from the substance of ants' nesls
wherein there could have been no seed." Evidently
Kumphius would have found no difticullies in the
way of evolution. lie distinguished two kinds,
namely, Nidus germinans formicarum lubratum and
Nidus germinans formicarum nigraruni. No writer
— or, at least, no botanist — seems to have written on
these singular plants after Rumphius, until Dr. Jack
in 1S25 described them botanically {Transactions of
the Linncan Society^ xiv. , p. 122), and named them
respectively jMyrmecodia tuberosa and Hydnophytum
formicarum, and rightly referred them to the Rubi-
acea.'. They are both of them epiphytes, attaching
themselves by their roots to the branches of trees.
The bulk of the plant consists of a large irregular
tuber-like mass, from which spring a few short leafy
branches, bearing small flowers in the axils of their
leaves.
Concerning their inhabitants Jack gives little in-
formation. Of the latter (Hydnophytum) he says : —
"The tuber is generally inhabited by ants, and hol-
lowed by them into numerous winding passages,
which frequently extend a good way into the branches
also." Since then several other species have been
discovered, and the range of the genera is from the
Malayan peninsula to New Guinea, Australia, the
Admiralty Islands, and the Fijis. Dr. Beccari, who
has travelled so widely in the islands, from Borneo to
New Guinea, paid special attention to them ; and
Professor Caruel figured and described {Nuovo
Ciorjialc Botanico Ihiiiano, iv., p. 170, t. i) a species
of Myrmecodia with a spiny tuber. Figures are given
of the plant in various stages, from soon after germina-
tion up to flower-bearing ; and the text consists largely
of Dr. Beccari's notes made in the country where he
collected the plant. So persistently is this species
inhabited by a certain species of ant, and so early in
its existence — even before it has produced any leaves
beyond the cotyledons, that, from that and other
circumstances, it was supposed the two organisms
were mutually beneficial to each other — in fact,
necessary to each other and dependent upon each
other for existence. Dr. Beccari went so far as to
say that the plants die when the ants desert them.
Those who did not go so far as to regard it as a case
of symbiosis, were mostly convinced that the winding
galleries and chambers in the tuber inhabited by the
ants were excavated by the latter.
Dr. Treub, Director of the Botanic Garden at
Buitenzorg, Java, has had an opportunity of studying
the life history of Myrmecodia echinata, from actual
germination up to the adult stage, which he describes
and illustrates in the Annalcs dit yaidhi Botaniqiic de
Buitenzorg, vol. iii., p. 129, t. 20 — 24. What he regards
as the most singular fact resulting from his inves-
tigations is, that the ants have nothing whatever to do
with the formation of the cavities within the tuber.
The tuber, instead of arising from the puncture of
an ant, as the Oak-gall does from that of a
cynips, is a normal production. Soon after ger-
mination, and before the first leaves above the
seed-leaves are formed, the axis below the cotyledons,
or seed-leaves, begins to enlarge ; and it is from
this part of the plant that the whole tuber is produced.
In a quite young plantlet the tuber consists of a single
central vascular bundle, surrounded by parenchyma
out to the epidermis. Soon a layer of cork tissue
appears in the periphery, and at about the same time
a number of woody suberous bundles are formed in a
circle nearer the outside than the centre. These ver-
tical bundles are subsequently united by oblique ones,
the formation of bundles going on in both directions
as the plant has need of them. The first circle of
bundles precedes, and may be said to announce the
formation of the first gallery. Soon a series of trans-
verse sections will show under a low power a circular
line parallel to the circumference, which a higher
magnifier shows to be a layer of meristem. Where
this is quite young the whole mass of cells, including
the central bundle which it encloses, is still con-
tinuous ; but where it is older, some of the central
cells are seen to be dried up ; and thus begins the first
cavity. As the gallery is formed it is covered with a
layer of suberous cells. It extends downwards, and
finally it becomes a more or less axile gallery, only
closed at the bottom by a thin layer of cork tissue.
Eventually this gives way, and the entrance is free.
In time other galleries are formed, but whether at
first independently or not. Dr. Treub was not able to
decide, as they communicate with each other at an
early stage.
Altogether the internal growths of these tuberous
bodies is very curious and interesting. The walls of
the galleries are in some parts smooth and uniform,
in other parts they are studded with little prominences,
which Dr. Treub, dominated by the preconceived idea
that the ants were in some way concerned in the
nourishment of the plant, at first took for glands,
whose function was to absorb certain substances
brought within their reach by the ants. On examina-
tion, however, they turned out to be lenticels.
With regard to the relations existing between the
ants and the plant. Dr. Treub has proved that the
former are not essential to the latter. As already
stated, the ants do not excavate the galleries, which
are the result of internal differentiations. Besides
the plants that Dr. Treub raised from seed, he has had
under observation numerous large ones brought in
from fhe forests. Some of those brought in died,
while others threw out new roots, and attached them-
selves to the trees. Whether the plants lived or died,
the little red 'ants that inhabited them in the forest
invariably left the tubers either voluntarily, or they
were expelled by a species of black ant common in
the garden. The plants flourished as well tenanted
by black ants as by red, thus affording proof that no
particular species of these lively insects was necessary
to the plants. Further, they had several plants both
of Myrmecodia and Hydnophytum, which were
altogether deserted by ants, and flourished neverthe-
less, producing leaves, flowers, and fruit, and enlarg-
ing their tubers, and forming new galleries.
As to the benefits derived by the ants from the
plant. Dr. Treub is of opinion that the plant is in-
habited by the ants simply because it afTords them a
secure shelter. He does not deny that the ants may
in return be of some service to the plant, but he has
not a single fact to adduce in support of the theory of
mutual dependence.
Then arises the question — Of what use to the plant
is this labyrinth of galleries ? Dr. Treub thinks the
most plausible answer is, "to permit of the free cir-
culation of atmospheric air within the tuber." The
presence of internal lenticels, he says, strengthens
this view, because it is generally admitted that len-
ticels serve as channels of communication between
the tissues and the air.
There is one other noteworthy fact in connection
with these plants which was first deduced by Professor
Caruel. The tubers of several of the species are
armed with rigid spines, which are merely trans-
formed adventitious roots.
Dr. Treub's discovery, that the galleries are not the
work of ants, but a part of the natural development
of the plant, is no more than might have been ex-
pected, when we reflect that this seems to be the
usual condition of things in plants inhabited by ants ;
and it in no way weakens the theory of mutual service,
and perhaps even of mutual dependence under their
ordinary state of existence. On the other hand, it
may be that in some cases of ant-inhabited plants the
plant benefits, in others the insects, while in others
both benefit by the arrangement. It has been proved
that insectivorous plants flourish as well or even
better under favourable cultivation without insects as
in the wild state with ; yet they continue to provide
the means for entrapping insects.
The number of plants in various parts of the world
inhabited by ants is very great, and we believe that
in all instances of these social relations the plant pro-
vides the accommodation for the insect without the
aid of the latter. Nevertheless, insects may have been
the primary indirect cause of the exaggerated deve-
lopment of certain parts or organs of plants which
they have inhabited generation after generation. In
Tropical America, among other plants, many Melas-
tomaccK afford shelter to ants in the form of a pair of
pouches or bladders, or one two-lobed pouch, at the
base of the blade of each leaf. The genera Tococa,
Calophysa, Microphysa, and Myrmidone are specially
remarkable for this provision, which takes different
shapes and sizes in diverse species. Formerly it was
supposed by some botanists that these bladders were
72
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
gall formations, caused by the puncture of the ants ;
now I believe nobody doubts that they are normal
productions or appendages of the leaf.
Another Tropical American plant inhabited by ants
is the BuH's-horn Thorn, Acacia cornuta, which is
furnished with very large hollow thorns, arranged in
pairs, and in shape and direction resembling a pair of
horns. These formidable-looking thorns are fully
developed in the plant cultivated at Kew.
I will conclude this paper with an extract from
Belt's Naturalist in Nicaragua^ relating to the
economy of the plant last named, leaving the author,
of course, responsible for the accuracy of the
details : —
"... These thorns are hollow, and are tenanted by
ants, that make a small hole for their entrance and exit
near one end of the thorn, and also burrow through the
partition that separates the two hovns ; so that the one
entrance serves for both. Here they rear their young,
and in the wet season every one of the thorns is tenanted ;
and hundreds of young ants are to be seen running about,
especially over the young leaves. If one of these be
touched, or a branch shaken, the little ants (Pseudo-
myrma bicolor) swarm out from the hollow thorns, and
attack the aggressor with jaws and sting. They sting
severely, raising a little white lump that does not dis-
appear in less than twenty-four hours. These ants form
a most efficient standing army for the plant, which pre-
vents not only the mammaha from browsing on the leaves,
but delivers it from the attacks of a much more dan-
gerous enemy— the leaf-cutting ants. For these
services the ants are not only securely housed
by the plants, but are provided with a boun-
tiful supply of food ; and to secure their attendance at
the right time and place this food is so arranged as to
effect that object with wonderful perfection. The leaves
are twice-pinnate, and at the base of each pair of leaflets,
on the midrib, is a crater-shaped gland, which, when the
leaves are young, secretes a honey-Uke liquid. Of this
the ants are very fond, and they are constantly running
about from one gland to another to sip up the honey as
it is secreted. But this is not all ; there is a still more
wonderful provision of more solid food. At the end of
each of the small divisions of the compound leaf there
is, when the leaf first unfolds, a little yellow fruit-like
body, united by a point at its base to the end of the
pinnule. Examined through a microscope this little
appendage looks like a golden Pear. When the leaf
first unfolds, the little Pears are not quite ripe, and the
ants are continually emiployed going from one to another,
examining them. When an ant finds one sufficiently
advanced it bites the small point of attachment, then
bending down the fruit-like body it breaks it off, and
bears it away in triumph to the nest. All the fruit-like
bodies do not ripen at once, but successively, so that the
ants are kept about the young leat for some time after it
unfolds. Thus the young leaf is always guarded by the
ants, and no caterpillar or larger animal could attempt
to injure them without being attacked by the hule
warriors. The fruit-like bodies are about one-twelfth of
an inch long, and are about one-third of the size of the
ants, so that the ant bearing one away is as heavily laden
as a man bearing a large bunch of Plantains. I think
these facts sliow that the ants are really kept by the
Acacia as a standing army, to protect its leaves from
herbivorous mammals and insects."
W, B. Hemsley.
DION^A MUSCIPULA.
That there are many gardens in this country
where the Venus' Fly-trap could be more readily
and successfully grown in the open air than in
greenhouses is shown by a nice group of strong,
well developed plants, now in fine flower, planted
out in a boggy spot in the herbaceous depart-
ment at Kew. These plants have been more than a
year in their present position, and the only protection
afforded them during the winter of 1S82-S3 was a
large bell-glass in bad weather. The leaves are large
and well formed, and the plants altogether are the
picture of health. Dion^ea muscipula was cultivated
in 176S by Collinson, and in Hortiis Collin soniamts
the following extract is given from a letter written by
its discoverer. Governor Dobbs, of North Carolina : —
•* But the great wonder of the vegetable kingdom is a
very curious unknown species of Sensitive. It is a
dwarf plant ; the leaves are like a narrow segment of
a sphere, consisting of two parts, like the cap of a
spring purse, the concave part outwards, each of
which falls back with indented edges {like an iron
spring fox-trap). Upon anything touching the leaves,
or falling between them, they mstantly close like a
spring trap, and confine any insect or thing that falls
between them ; it bears a white flower. To this sur-
prising plant I have given the name of Fly-trap
Sensitive."
DISTANCE OF VINES FROM
THE GLASS.
The late cloudless skies and glitter and glare of
sunlight from morn to eve have severely tested the
endurance of Vines at various distances from the glass.
At 6rst sight most Vines strike one as too close ;
seldom, indeed, does one enter a vinery at noon on a
cloudless day, especially if the wind is from the east,
without observing drooping leaves, and not seldom
more patent and injurious symptoms and proofs of
excessive heat. Now it is a mistake to make light of
leaf flagging, for it is at once a sign of distress and a
proof positive of an arrestment of growth. It proves
that the Vines are too dry, too hot, or too cold, and
all of these extremes are equally injurious to
health and fatal to growth. In most cases of leaf
flagging during the late spell of bright weather
close proximity to the glass has been either a produc-
ing cause or an aggravating effect. The cribbed,
cabined, and confined area between the upper leaf-
surface and the glass is the very spot where all the evils
of heat, cold, and drought combine to do their worst
on the Vines. That worst is not seldom seen in leaf
scorching. Grape scalding, and even the blotching or
burning of the young wood. Most of these evils
might be greatly mitigated, if not wholly cured, by
simply letting the Vines dowii lower into the atmo-
sphere of the house. This is not a mere matter of
opinion, but of fact and daily experience ; for though
the majority of Vine leaves are probably kept too
close to the glass there is no uniform distance adopted
in practice. On the contrary, the area of diversity of
distance from the glass ranges over a distance so wide
as that included between 5 inches and 5 feet. The
first is assuredly far too near, the latter too far from
the glass. The mean average distance will be found
included between i or 2 feet, and were these dis-
tances measured from the upper surface of the leaves
instead of from the Vine rod, they would leave little
to be desired ; but taking into account the large size
of Vine leaves, the length of their petioles and their
strong tendency to rise to the surface of the glass, it
is little wonder that many of the finest leaves are found
firmly abutting against the glass. In such circum-
stances their chief functions are fettered or entirely
arrested, or they are alternately scalded by heat or
chilled by cold.
No doubt the practice of training Vines near the
glass originated in times when the glass itself was
only semi-transparent, and every ray of light became
of special value ; hence no doubt also the origin of
the idea that, to utilise most or all of the light avail-
able in our climate, it was necessary to lift the leaves
of the Vines and other plants as close to the glass as
possible. It is now found, however, that this is a
mistake, and probably the leaves enjoy far more light,
say iS inches from the glass, than when impinging
against its surface. The best distance for utilising the
light can hardly be considered as settled as yet ; but
it is a hopeful and promising sign of the times that
practical men are experimenting on this point in all
directions, and the result will be undoubtedly an in-
crease of the distance between glass and foliage.
There are obvious reasons against rushing to either
extreme. The evils of too close proximity to the
glass have been already pointed out. Those of
excessive distance, if less speedily injurious or dis-
astrous, are almost equally obvious. But there are
many compensations to set against such evils ;
the greater certainty and higher quality of the crops
are the more important. Not a few Vine failures
have their origin in that narrow area included be-
tween the upper surface of the leaves and the glass.
Here extremes of temperature, and of drought and
moisture, meet daily, almost hourly, at times, in rapid
succession ; and such sudden and severe alternations
are often the cause of failure and disease ; here im-
perfect setting, irregular swelling, faulty finishing
originate.
In the same stiff, stifling atmosphere thrips and
spider breed and feed. Scarcely any plant is less sub-
ject to insect pests than the Grape Vine under good
treatment — few become more infested with vermin,
troublesome and destructive in the ratio of their
minuteness, when badly used : and what treatment can
be worse than the alternately passing their tender
leaves through frost and fire? Of course the full
force of the evil of contact with the glass is mitigated
by various expedients. Shade, vapourising, and free
ventilation are the most common of these, but we
have seldom any excess of sunshine for the well-being
and thorough ripening of Grapes in our climate j
consequently, every ray shut out represents a waste of
force, or a loss of produce, or both. Fewer Grapes are
gathered, and those of inferior quality, than if the
whole of the sun's rays had been fully and freely
utilised, as they might have been had the leaves been
only further removed from the glass.
Then as to vapourising : it is a most useful aid to
growth, but when carried to excess — as it often may
be as a direct antidote to leaf scorching — it tends to
promote a soft, spongy condition of vegetable tissues,
that is neither favourable to the furnishing of a full
crop of Grapes, nor the permanent health of the
Grape Vine.
Excessive ventilation is more injurious still. It
involves a loss of heat, moisture, and time. With the
view of lowering the temperature the confined area of
air included between the leaves and the glass, the entire
atmosphere of the house is not seldom injudiciously
and injuriously cooled. Heat and moisture are thus
recklessly lost, and the Vines are rudely checked by
excessive doses of cold external air. Perhaps of all
the evils either directly or indirectly resulting from
the excessive proximity of the foliage of Vines to the
glass, that of excessive ventilation is the most widely
and promptly disastrous. Perhaps fewer higher ser-
vices could be rendered to horticulture at this time
than the publication of the experience of the many
Grape growing readers on this important subject. It
is one that has been more largely determined by
builders and mere habit than almost any other horti-
cultural matter of equal moment ; and it is high time
that it was now determined by the merits of the Vines
and the highest knowledge and richest experience of
Vine growers. F.
MONSTROUS CYPRIPEDIUMS.
It is by no means easy to say why particular species
should be more subject to deformities than others.
When, indeed, there is a method in the madness, the
reasons are more obvious, and the plant may simply
be reproducing some ancestral trait, and when it is
obliging enough to do this, great is the joy of the
botanist ; for a clue is then put into his hands by
means of which he may, in part at least, unravel the
genealogy and trace the progressive development of
the flower. In such cases there is order in disorder,
and a little more or a little less growth and develop-
ment at a particular stage of the plant's history will
account for the phenomena. But we had rather in
mind those absolute distortions brought about by
perversions of growth, irregular unions of parts, and
which are not readily reducible to any law of
form or symmetry, but simply to irregular or dispro-
portionate growth and to adhesions with other flowers
that should not under ordinary circumstances take
place. Quite recently several monstrous flowers of
Cypripedium from Fallowfield have come under out
notice. In a flower of C. Stonei, sent by Mr. Swan,
there were five sepals, one separate, the remaining
four united in pairs ; three lateral petals, prolonged, as
is their wont in this species, into long tails ; three
lips, three columns, each representing, as usual, two
stamens ; and a one-celled ovary, with six parietal
placentas. There were thus twenty-four parts to
account for. In the normal flower there are eleven —
viz., three sepals, two petals, one lip, two stamens (in
one column), and three carpels. It seems clear that
in the malformed flower we have to deal with a fusion
of flowers, but if so, of how many? If of two only,
then we have one part too many ; if of three, as the
number of ''columns" would indicate, then we should
have a deficiency of at least ten parts. Either hypo-
thesis is legitimate, but the former is the more prob-
able. Nothing is more common in cases of adhesion
of this kind than for some of the parts to disappear —
they become obliterated by the pressure exerted upon
them, and thus while the outside parts are normal those
along the line of junction get 'obliterated. Nothing
could be told as to the exact state of the present case,
owing to the dislocation of parts. An examination at
an earlier period of growth might have more
readily revealed the number and relative position of
parts.
In a flower of Cypripedium Sedeni the raceme
bore two flowers, the uppermost normal. In the
lower the stalk and ovary, instead of being free, were
July 21, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
73
inseparably united with the main stem for a certain
distance. The upper and lower (conjoined) sepals
were normal, but within these there was a complete
tangleof lip-like petals, forming five or six bags, in-
termingled with two flat petals of the ordinary type ;
the column had the usual two anthers, but, owing to a
twist, they were anterio-posterior, not lateral. A cut
across the ovary revealed three complete cavities, but
rounding a minute conical eminence, the top of which
was depressed.
From Kew we hear of a similar malformation :—
" On a stem bearing two flowers one is of the ordi-
nary typical kind, while a second presents a peculiar
and clustered appearance. The staminode and label-
lum occupy their ordinary positions, with a rudi-
mentary labellum lying alongside the latter. Above
CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES.
Messrs. Veitcii ci Son's collection of all that is
best among these general favourites is now in lull
flower. The show has become an annual afl'air,
and should assist materially in proving the adapta-
bility of the Picotee and Carnation for out-of-
door cultivation in London itself, to say nothing of
Fig. 12.— a MONSTROtJS cypripedium stonbi. (see p. 72.)
they were much distorted and dragged 'out of shape.
One would very much like to disentangle that mass of
Calceolaria-like lips, and assign each to its place as a
stamen, or a style, but they do not correspond in
number, while their irregular disposition prevents us,
in this instance, from considering these supplementary
lips in the light of stamens. From the axil of one of
them, moreover, proceeded a young flower-bud with
a six-parted perianth in a rudimentary state, three
tubercles outside, three within, and within the last
mentioned, three more tubercles — stamens? — sur-
the staminode three other labellums in an Inverted or
resupinate position, alter the true character of the
flower altogether. Four out of the five are perfectly
developed but somewhat altered; in shape, and lose
their usual inflated appearance, from the circumstance
of the three upper ones being produced slightly
within the other, and consequently crowded. The
sepals and petals are of the usual typical kind. This
duplication of parts, if not a gain from a decorative
point of view, is certainly a curiosity, and probably
of rare occurrence."
the suburbs. The flowers seen here are every bit as
fresh looking, healthy, and robust as when grown
beyond the region of soot and dust. The "grass"
is the picture of health, and in every way so good
that stock is continually being raised from it. In
looking over a collection so ;extensive, it is at once
possible to select plants that bloom later or earlier
than the bulk of the sorts, and in that way to select
sorts suitable for either purpose. Also the habit of
each may be observed ; some kinds being greatly in-
clined to produce a succession of buds down the
74
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
flower-stalk, others again form latent bloom-buds on
this year's " grass," becoming then, with a little pro-
tection and assistance from a glass frame or hand-
light, early winter or late autumn bloomers.
A few varieties ate to be met with which are excep-
tionally dwarf in habit, and this last seems to be the
aim ef some of the raisers of new kinds; and although
it may not be possible to obtatn a self-supporting
flower-stalk, yet the results already obtained point in
that direction. Among scarlet selfs may be noticed
as being remarkably good, Heaton Bank, of bright
colour, and Fireman ; this last should prove a good
kind for bedding purposes. Sportsman is also an ex-
cellent variety, being very bright in colour.
Among pink and rose selfs a new sort called
Lothair, a very bright, large, charming bloom, of
a very taking colour ; and Mrs. Teigner, a pink
suffused with while, were very noteworthy. In
crimson selfs Sparkler is worthy of much notice, and
amongst the purple selfs Walter Ware. The new
Mary Morris is a bold flower, free in habit, and tall.
Amongst the choice free flowering white kinds must
be noticed Hodge's Bride, which is very pure, robust
and dwarf, and the habit all that could be wished.
The best of the newer white Carnations is un-
doubtedly Mrs. W. P. Milner, which is dwarf, free-
flowering, and said to force well. Royal Purple is a
nice smooth-outlined blueish-purple — a rich tint
indeed, A fine dark crimson Carnation is Amethyst,
strong in growth and tall in habit. Robert Burns is
also a desirable kind among the dark selfs. It is very
free and dwarf, the foliage being particularly so.
Sir-Beauchamp Seymour is a beautiful orange-scarlet,
edged with bright scarlet. Lord Beaconsfield is a
good habited, fine-coloured rose flake ; as also is
Sybil.
Crimson bizarres are very well represented. A
few of the better ones — if one may signalise any
where all are good — are Albion's Pride, Isaac
Wilkinson, Marguerite, and Dr. Masters. James
Taylor is a good pink and purple bizarre, as is also
Princess Beatrice. The scarlet bizarres, of which the
collection contains numerous kinds, are well repre-
sented by Ben Simonite, Dreadnought, George, and
Mars. A fine rose flake is seen in John Keet, and
purple flakes in Squire Trew and Mayor of Notting-
ham. Jupiter is a very nice bright scarlet flake,
and equally as good are Illuminator and William IV.
The beautiful class of Picotees with crimson edge
is seen to much advantage in J. B. Bryant, a very fine
regular bloom with a heavy edge ; Lothair, and the
Rev. F. D. Horner. Queen of Summer in this
section is a flower of fine substance, creamy-white,
with a fine edge ; and Picturata, is a large, finely-
formed flower. The purple-edged Picotees, viz.,
Clara Penson, a pure white with a narrow, regularly-
marked edging, is very pretty ; Her Majesty, a very
superior dwarf white flower ; Mrs. A. Chancellor, a
tall kind, with beautiful blooms, possessing a rich,
heavy edge ; and Mrs. Langtry, a sort that has a very
fine narrow edging, were very good. Rival Purple is
a very choice sort in this class, the flowers being
smooth, regular in outline, and in the markings very
pleasing. The rose-edged Picotees were seen to great
advantage in Louisa, Lady Boston, Miss Gibbs, a
pretty suffused rose ; and Royal Visit, with a very
fine broadly-marked edge.
For especial bedding-out purposes a Carnation
named Auctioneer, a good purple ; Chromatella, an
equally fine canary— in fact, the finest in the section ;
and Bridesmaid, an excellent white sort, are valuable
acquisitions. A blush-coloured Clove, called The
Charmer, is a fine addition to this favourite class.
Throughout this month, to those interested in these
gems of the garden, this collection will well repay a
visit, and although the earliest blooms have suffered
somewhat from the heavy rains of the last few days, a
short time will suffice to restore them to their original
beauty. HI.
Ensilage in America. — On the question of
Ensilage a successful experiment is officially re-
corded from Savannah, in which it is stated that
the proprietor of a dairy farm in the western part of
this State during the summer packed in his silo
some tons of Pea-vines, and on opening it at the end
of November he found the forage in excellent condi-
tion. It was given to the cows, and they preferred it
to any other food. The owner, it seems, purposes
continuing his experiments on a large scale, and it is
stated that the result will be watched with consider-
able interest.
CAMPANULAS.
It is always a puzzle how to maintain a constant
succession of bloom in gardens, especially where you
rely mainly on perennials, and very slightly on half-
hardy plants. Pelargoniums, Calceolarias, Fuchsias,
and the like. Up to June it is easy enough, and
indeed during the first half of the year, you must,
perforce, rely upon perennials alone. The delightful
spring flowers which are at your command furnish
abundant choice, so that gardens never look so
freshly gay as they do in springtime, " blossom time"
my little boy calls it.
The Campanulas come to our assistance in June —
July, and rightly managed they furnish exactly what
is needed, when associated with the Roses, which
then form the dominant element in our beds and
borders. To prepare for this we arrange clumps of
Campanulas when the plants are placed in the borders
in preparation for the spring blooming. They are
unobtrusive, and merely furnish a green foil to the
brightness of the spring flowers of April and May,
and they thus mature for the second great effect in
gardening. For the backs of borders we place
clumps of Campanula grandis, in its purple and white
forms, and for the front lines we use C. persicifolia
alba, in three varieties ; these are — I, the old form,
with shallow bowl-shaped flowers of a creamy-white ;
2, the sort we call the " Edge Hall " variety, because
we had it thence — it has deeper and more beautifully
shaped bells, of bluish-while, a taller habit, and
great wealth of bloom, an excellent border plant in
every respect ; and 3, a variety which was sent us by
the late W. Hull, the artist, who found it in a
cottager's garden at Cambridge some years ago.
This we call the '*Brockhurst" variety, as we have con-
siderably improved it, until it is by far the finest of
the three. It has a bluish shade of white, with
larger and wider bell flowers, and is exceedingly
floriferous. The three varieties give a sparkling
effect in whites to the borders, and when asso
ciated with Roses, Pinks, Delphiniums, Geum coc-
cineum, Lilium umbellatum, and other stately
summer flowers of richest colours, the effect is
brilliant.
A good many of the others Campanulas are inter-
spersed in the borders. C. macrantha is grand
everywhere, growing 7 feet high, with large clusters
of deep purple bells. C. Van Houttei, white and
purple ; C. nobilis, whose white variety is spotted
inside like a Foxglove ; C. tenella, C. Hendersoni,
C. Hostii, C. celtidifolia, and a great many more are
effective border plants. In the wild garden we have
masses of C. latifolia, C. glomerata, and other coarse
growing varieties. C. pyramidalis we use mostly for
cool greenhouse work. It comes later than the rest,
and is not so available at the time when it would be
most useful outside. All the varieties of C. persici-
folia, single and double, are useful for greenhouse
work, and exceedingly beautiful when flowered under
glass.
On the rockwork there are no more useful plants
than the Campanulas. They almost disappear in
winter, and leave the way clear for the spring flowers.
When these are over they push forward, making the
rockery growth fresh again, and they come into bloom
just when they are most useful, and almost hide the
rockwork with their wealth of flower and leafage.
It requites careful consideration where to place each
variety, so that erect growers be chosen for some situa-
tions, and creeping sorts for others, care being always
taken that they be not so planted as to cover up and
smother some valuable alpine which may have gone
to rest, but which must not be neglected nor overlain.
C. carpatica and turbinata are the best known
of the dwarfer sorts, and these are frequently mis-
named in gardens. It is therefore worth remarking
that turbinata carries but one flower on each stalk,
and has a trailing habit, putting out runners, and
that carpatica is without runners, and carries several
flowers on each stalk, and has a less erect habit, and
paler coloured flowers. C. Raineri is another Cam-
panula which is seldom supplied true to name by
nurserymen, indeed for the last three years C. tur-
binata has been generally exhibited marked as Raineri
at our flower shows, and has thus passed the scrutiny
of the judges. C. Raineri is a much dwarfer plant,
4 or 5 inches high, bearing 2 or 3 funnel-shaped
blue flowers on each stalk. Its leaves are almost
stalkless, and ate obovate and slightly serrated. It is
a shy grower ; we have two varieties of it here, both
obtained from Switzerland. C. barbata does ex-
ceedingly well with us, coming up strongly from year
to year, and increasing in its height under cultivation.
It is the quaintest looking of the Campanulas, its
bearded flowers, and generally hirsute appearance,
never failing to amuse our visitors. The white
variety is very pretty when well flowered, C. pulla,
another true alpine gem, comes also stronger year
after year ; it loves a sunny situation, and appears
also to like a dry soil amongst boulders. Its large
bells of deepest purple are of exquisite shape, and are
borne on stalks 3 or 4 inches high, out of all pro-
portion to the large size of the bells. This leads us
to the C. rotundilolia type, of which there are very
many excellent varieties. C. tenella is the most
prolific, forming solid masses of bloom, of the richest
blue. C. linifolia, C. soldanellffiflora, C. pusilla, C.
pumila, blue and white, and least of all C. modesta,
are all excellent rockery plants, which form lovely
carpets of bell flowers, which cover over the stones.
Smaller again is C. Zoysii, a perfect alpine gem, with
exquisitely formed bell flowers of tender blue.
Another lovely group includes C. garganica, a bicolor
with neatly white centre and deeper blue petals ;
C. Portenschlagiana, a self blue, C. fragilis and C.
fragilis hirsuta, C. hederacea, and.C. Waldsteiniana.
These have all a creeping habit, and are covered
with shallow star-like bell flowers of exquisite beauty.
An excellent hybrid variety with very bright blue
flowers is C, haylodgensis, raised by Mr. Anderson-
Henry.
Of C. alpina there appear to be two distinct
varieties, one flowering in the early spring (supplied
by Worbel), has pale blue flowers, covered with
hairs, which it carries stiffly ; it grows only 5 or 6
inches high. A second form was given to me by Mr.
Moore of Glasnevin, some years ago, and is now
(July 10) in full bloom in a thick clump, 12 inches
high, with bells of deep purple. The stalks and
leaves are slightly tomentose, and the whole plant
has a greyish hue which adds to the charm of its
purple bell flowers. A very quaint alpine is
C. spicata, which bears white bells, the calyx being
pointed. Another singular Campanula is Sibthorpii,
which has panicles of narrow petalled blue flowers,
very distinct from any other variety. There are two
Campanulas which flower in the early spring that
are exceedingly curious and well worth growing ; C.
thyrsoidea carries a tall cone of greenish bells, closely
set on a stalk like a spike of Indian Corn ; the other,
C. Vanneri, is just the reverse, having a very loose
panicle of large pale lilac drooping bells, borne on
branches from a centre stalk, and out of all propor-
tion to the size of the plant.
We have in all about seventy-six species and varieties
of Campanulas growing here, so the temptation is great
to become prolix on the subject, as each one is worthy
of a remark ; perhaps some other correspondent will
carry the subject further, as it is not nearly ex-
hausted by this notice. In conclusion I would say
that all the Campanulas ate easily raised from seed,
and that I am indebted for many of my best to
friends who have kindly forwarded seeds when they
have come across a good variety. As the tourist
season is at hand it is well to keep this in view, as
there are many lovely Campanulas to be found in
alpine solitudes, which may thus be transferred to the
home garden, as pleasant reminiscences of a summer
holiday. My stock of C. barbata reached me in this
way from a reader of your journal, who kindly sent
the seed to me, although I am a stranger to him.
Win. Brockbank, Brockhiirst, Didsbury.
The Harebell Campanula, — Now flowering on
my rockeries are many varieties under many names of .
that very polymorphous plant Campanula rotundi-
folia, some of them collected by me in different parts
of England and Wales, some obtained in nurseries,
some given by friends whs have brought them from
the South of Europe. The more I collect the greater
the difficulty becomes of drawing a line between
extreme types, such as C. thomboidalis, C. Hostii,
C. Scheuchzeri, and some of our own native forms. If
this should be read by any one who is making a
special study of the Campanula I shall have much
pleasure in submitting to him living specimens of my
plants. When raised from seed ripened in a garden
I find that these Harebells generally reproduce their
characters tolerably well, or certainly do not vary
more than C. carpatica or C. persicifolia raised under
similar conditions, and I have never had a seedling
which presented any suspicion of being a hybrid.
Hybrid Campanulas are rare. I know of only three
in my collection of nearly a hundred named garden
July 21, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
75
varieties. Two of these were raised by that skilful
producer of hybrids, Mr. Anderson-Henry ; both of
them are barren, and with all the care I can give
them have a sickly and weakly look, the leaves being
yellow. They are called C. haylodgensis and C. G.
F. Wilson. Another hybrid, also of weak constitu-
tion and easily lost, though a most ornamental plant in
the garden, is named C. Ilendersoni. I do not know its
history, but should say it was C. carpatica crossed with
C. pyramidalis. [It is stated to be a cross between
C. turbinata and C. alliariffifolia, Kd.] Its colour
is a good purple-blue, but if the same cross could be
produced in the pure white which we have both in C.
carpatica and C. pyramidalis it would be a very choice
addition ; but the absence of a white C. Ilendersoni
proves the difliculty of crossing Campanulas. This
very difficulty makes the raising of varieties of C.
rotundifolia from seed all the more interesting, because
if all the forms can be produced from the offspring of
the same plant it may be inferred that they have no
right to be considered more than one species. C.
Woltey Dod, Llandtuliw, July 9. P.S.— I omitted
to mention two very fine hybrid Campanulas known
as C. Van Ilouttei and C. Bourghaltii. Theit
parentage, and probably their history, are the same,
the latter being a " whitish " edition of the former.
They are probably C. nobilis crossed with C, Meadia.
When at their best they are excellent, but their
flowering season is short, though they flower a second
time after wet summers ; but their constitution seems
as strong as that of any true species, and they quite
escaped my memory when speaking of the weakness
of hybrid Campanulas, C. IVolley Dod.
Campanula Hendersoni. — Looking over some
of the back numbers of the Gardeners' Chronicle I
see, p. 502, vol. xviii., Mr. Dod anticipates without,
as he says, knowing its history, that this Campanula
is the offspring of C. carpatica and C. pyramidalis. I
also am unacquainted with its origin, but am inclined
to think it is a hybrid between C. turbinata and C.
isophylla, since it resembles the former in its tufted
habit of growth, and the latter in its semi-arborescent
stem, while the flowers would appear intermediate
between the two. Be this, however, as it may, I do not
think that C. pyramidalis played any part in connec-
tion with this plant, it also lacks that amount of
vigour which marks this latter species. As Mr. Dod
observes, it is one of the best of the genus as a decora-
tive plant; it is a shy seeder, especially in wet seasons,
and cuttings of this variety do not root nearly so
freely as those of the greater number of Campanulas.
E. Jenkins. [See note above, Ed.]
SENECIO CONCOLOR.
When writing of Senecio speciosus in the Gar-
deners' Chronicle, 1S79, vol. xii., p. 615, I there
showed how that species had been mistaken by
Harvey, in the Flora Capensis, for S. concolor, and
that the true S. concolor was a very distinct plant, of
which very little was known ; recently, however, this
species has been introduced into cultivation, and is
now in flower at Kew, and although not quite so
showy as S. speciosus, is still a very pretty half-
hardy herbaceous perennial, very distinct .from every
other Senecio known to me in having purple ray-
florets and white disc-florets.
The plant grows 1—2 feet high ; the radical leaves
are 4^—7 inches long, J— i inch broad, narrow,
oblanceolate, subacute, attenuated below into a petiole,
margin dentate, with 2 — 3 minute teeth alternating
between each pair of larger teeth, above glabrous to
the eye, but under a lens are seen minute scattered
hairs ; beneath the midrib and veins have minute
glandular hairs scattered along them. Flower-stem
laxly branched above, terete, striate, minutely glan-
dular-pubescent, distantly leafy, leaves amplexicaul,
broadly linear, acute or subacute, auricles roundish,
otherwise as in the radical leaves ; corymbs laxly
3— 5-headed ; peduncles 4—2 inches long, sometimes
bearing two heads ; heads I J inch in diameter ; invo-
lucre campanulate, rather shorter than the disc-florets,
phyllaries 20—22, narrow-linear, glandular-pubescent,
and minutely bearded at the spreading tips, furnished
at the base with 5—7 outer phyllaries ; ray-florets
12—14, mauve-purple, disc-florets 90—100, white ;
anthers purple, stigmas white. When dried the white
disc-florets become brownish, which doubtless caused
De Candolle to believe them to have been purple
when alive, hence the misleading name S. concolor.
A figure of this interesting novelty has been prepared
for the Botanical Ma[;azine. N. E. Bman,
LILIUMS IN FLOWER.
L. ELEGANs, Thunb.— It is undoubtedly diflicult to
ascertain which is the typical form of this species, be-
cause of the large amount of differentiation exhibited
in the bulbs imported from Japan. Undoubtedly this
has been much fancied by the Japanese for centuries
past, and most likely the vast array of varieties are the
result of artificial cross-breeding ; it is open to ques-
tion, I think, as to whether any of the varieties culti-
vated and imported from the East are truly natural
varieties. The whole series undoubtedly pass into
the European croceum bulbiferum and davuricum, but
the latter have not yet given origin to so many varie-
ties. What is usually regarded as the normal form
grows about a foot high, less in very light soils.
Leaves scattered, ascending, 3—4 inches long, 4— J
inch wide, smooth, of firm texture. Flowers usually
solitary upon short stout pedicels, perianth segments
3—4 inches long, more or less oblong obtuse, orange-
red from spots or slightly dotted. This Lily is
often called and sold as L. Thunbergianum, Schul.,
but the name elegans has priority. I have many
varieties now in flower, but I shall only describe the
more distinct of them, although all are favourites, and
very pretty. Armeniacum ; stem about a foot high ;
flowers solitary or in pairs, rich orange-crimson, free
from spots, large and open, with the three inner seg-
ments narrower than the outer, a very beautiful form.
Alutaceum I stem 6— 9 inches high; flowers solitary,
large, with broad inner segments, pale apricot colour,
the three inner segments dotted. Atrosanguinea :
stem I — li foot high ; flowers usually solitary, rarely
two in number, very open ; segments broad, of good
substance, deep blood-red, freely spotted, a very
effective variety. Atropurpurea : stem 9 — 12 inches
high ; flowers solitary or in pairs, rather smaller than
many other varieties, of a deep purplish-red colour ;
this is a comparatively rare variety, and very early.
Brevifolium: stem about a foot high, with short leaves ;
flowers solitary, not so open, segments broad, brick-
red, spotted black at the base. Bicolor : stem 12—18
inches high ; flowers I — 3 inches in number, cup-
shaped, segments broad, especially the inner ones,
yellow, and crimson, spotted at the base. Fulgens :
stem 1 — 2 feet high, bearing from 2—6 flowers at the
top ; perianth open, with narrowish inner segments,
colour deep red, spotted. The semi-duplex form known
as staminosum is a form of fulgens, and several others
rally round it ; this variety is the connecting link with
L. davuricum. Alice Wilson is a pretty variety
just out. Stem 10—15 inches high ; flowers solitary,
open, segments broad, lemon coloured, freely spotted,
and certainly very showy. It is evidently a very rare
variety even in Japan, for collectors ask a very high
figure for it, and the descriptions given of it, like
many others from the same region, are rather mis-
leading. I must refrain from mentioning other well
known varieties, which are equally as meritorious as
those described, but recommend hardy plant growers
to cultivate all the kinds they can command, because
of their dwarf habit, large flowers and pleasing
colours, and I may add, because they will force right
well. It is indeed strange they are not more largely
forced, particularly as they can be secured at a very
cheap rate. Their merits in this direction are but
little known. It would be interesting to know
whether the Japanese have crossed the forms of
elegans with auratum, speciosum, &c. ; some authori-
ties consider such manipulation has been effected,
but I fail to discover any very strong evidence in
the flowers hitherto examined. Hybrids, in which
either auratum or speciosum is well developed, will
be most desirable, and undoubtedly will some day
surprise us.
L. CROCEUM, Fuchs. — Stems 3—6 feet high,
clothed with numerous spreading leaves, not pro-
ducing bulbils inj the axils. Flowers from 6—20, in
compound umbels — wild specimens are often collected
with solitary flowers ; perianth more or less cup-
shaped, 2—3 inches long, rather more broad when
fully expanded; bright orange. The above brief
description will be sufficient to distinguish this the
old Orange Lily of cottage gardens, and still one of
the most useful of all Lilies. I recently saw some
grand clumps more than a yard across, which have
not been disturbed for years, and they evidently
enjoyed their quietude'. It is figured under the name
of L. bulbiferum in Bol. Mag., t. 36, with which it is
evident Mr. Curtis confused it, because he says, " it
varies with and without bulbs on the stalks ; " Par-
kinson called it L. aurcum, the gold-red Lily ^Parad,
P- 37)-
L. IIansoni, Leichtlin. — A very lovely species,
which is nearly past, but one specimen is rather later,
from which the following brief description is drawn : —
Stem 3 — 5 feet high, terete smooth, leav;s oblanceo-
late, acute, smooth, whorled and scattered ; flowers
from 4 — 25, usually in a lax raceme, with short erect
pedicels ; segments lanceolate, half an inch or more
broad, sharply revolute, bright orange, spotted with
purple upon the lower part inside. It is a native of
Japan, being first introduced to British gardens by
Max Leichtlin, but first discovered by Maximowicz
in i860, and a charming subject it is ; the bulbs very
much resemble those of L. tigrinum, and might be
mistaken for them. It succeeds admirably in the peat
bed, but attains its noblest developments in good
fibrous loam, peat, and leaf-soil, in a well drained
position.
L. MONADELPiiUM, Biebs., Fl. Tatir., i., 267, Syn.
L. Szovitzianum, Fisch. and Lull ; L. colchicum,
Steven ; L. Loddigesianum, Schult. fil. — It is more
usually known in English gardens under the name of
Szovitzianum, mainly, I think, on account of the large
quantities sent over to this country by Dr. Kegel
under that name a few years back ; the same
authority adopts that name in Gartenft., t. 436 ; and
I am sure we are largely indebted to Dr. Kegel for its
abundance in our gardens. Stem 2 — 6 feet high,
stout, scabrous, with numerous ascending narrow
lanceolate acute leaves, racemose at the top ; flowers
from I — 20, or rarely more, nodding. Perianth 2 —
3.^ inches long, of a clear sulphur or pale canary-
yellow, slightly tinged with purple, and finely spotted
inside, or quite free from spots ; but I have known
flowers to become immaculate upon plants which have
been planted some years, but which produced freely
spotted flowers when first planted. Segments
oblanceolate, distinctly reflexed about halfway. The
flowers are powerfully fragrant, and when confined,
objectionable ; but, for outdoor cultivation, this is one
of the most beautiful species introduced, quite hardy,
of vigorous growth, and extremely showy. It enjoys
a moist, moderately rich, loamy soil, in which it
assumes grand development. I have known many
instances where bulbs have been planted in peat beds
and in Rhododendron beds, where they have flowered
freely for two or even three years, but suddenly die
away after flowering ; but in loamy soils I know at
the present time batches standing, which have
occupied their present position eight years, and they
show no signs of decreasing vigour. It is one of
those Lilies which are easily raised from seeds, and the
seedlings grow rapidly, in about three years forming
flowering bulbs. There is abundant evidence that it
dislikes being disturbed ; and it is preferable to plant
in autumn, or as early as the stems die down.
L. PARDALINUM, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad., ii.,
12. ; L. canadense var. pardalinum. Baker, Journ.
Linn. Soc. 1S73, 45 ; Bolander, Proc. Calif. Acad.,
5, 206, &c. — Bulbs rhizomatous, thick, branching.
Stem 3 — 5 feet high. Leaves arranged in whorls,
especially near the middle of the stem, from 9 — 12
leaves in each whorl, more or less lanceolate, acute,
shining, 3 — 5 inches long. Flowers in one-side lax
corymb, from 2—6 in^number, nodding, especially at
the top, with lengthened pedicels. Perianth 2 — 3
inches long, bright orange-red, lighter near the
centre, covered with large purplish-brown spots ; seg-
ments lanceolate, strongly revolute ; anthers red.
This grand species and its numerous varieties inhabit
wet places along the coast ranges and basal hills of the
Sierra Nevada, from central California northwards.
There are two or three forms which are now pretty
generally cultivated, and which I think present suffi-
cient points of deviation to warrant them being kept
separate. Regarding these varieties there is a diver-
sity of opinion, but without doubt those here enume-
rated may be regarded at least floriculturally distinct,
Var. CALIFORNICUM, Bolander (L. californicum,
Lindl., Flor, Mag., t. 33). — Stems not so tall as those
of the type. Leaves fewer and smaller, not so regu-
larly whorled. Flowers one to four, larger, and
perianth longer, 3 — 4 inches long ; segments broader,
the upper half bright scarlet, the lower half very dis-
tinctly orange, with very large spots,
Var. PALLIDIFOLIUM, Baker (var. puberulum, hort.
Leichtlin).— -Taller growing than the type, with very
numerous leaves, the upper ones in regular whotlp,
76
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1S83.
the lower ones scattered, oblanceolate, pale whitish-
green, very firm and acute ; perianth segments about
as long as those of the type, paler red, and distinctly
yellow at the base,
Var. BouRG^l, Baker. — Leaves very narrow and
acute, arranged in regular whorls ; Sowers rather
smaller, with sharply revolute segments, about the
lame colour as the last. This is altogether a mere
slender plant, approaching canadense ; and I think it
s the var. angustifolium, Kellogg, which is said to be
synonymous with L. Roezli, Kegel, Gartenfl. 1870,
t. 667 ; but the materials at hand are insufficient to
prove the accurate identity of the latter.
Happily there is no difficulty attending the cultiva-
tion of any of these charming Lilies, as they grow
most luxuriantly in almost any soil, particularly if the
position is damp. I find the typical form and cali-
fornicum grow most freely in light sandy soil well
manured, and as they are not fastidious there is no
reason why they should not be planted a hundredfold
more than they ever have been, they are so charming
in contour and serviceable in a cut state, lasting a
long time in water. Twelve days since I cut three
spikes with two flowers upon each expanded, and
they are still most beautiful, the older flowers just
fading. Plant in early autumn, and select strong
home-grown bulbs to begin with, and you will not
regret the outlay. Lilium, July 16.
COLONIAL NOTES.
British Honduras. — With regard to my visit to
British Honduras, I was enabled, by the assistance
and courtesy of the Government, to travel through all
the southern settlements ; and while making observa-
tions and carrying out the wishes of the local Govern-
ment I had very favourable opportunities (assisted by
the native collector whom I took with me) to make
valuable collections of seeds and plants for the public
gardens of this island. The chief plants of interest
gathered were several species of Palms (Chamsedorea,
Bactris, Sabal, Chamserops, &c.), which were not
previously in the Jamaica gardens ; seeds of numerous
timber trees and flowering plants ; and a valuable col-
lection of decorative Orchids, including the indigenous
large growing Vanilla of Central America. This
latter has pods much larger and] more aromatic than
the ordinary Vanilla cultivated in Jamaica, and I am
hopeful that it will be largely propagated and distri-
buted in the island.
After returning from the South, I next visited the
Central and Western districts of the colony. This
country generally (with the exception of a few isolated
ranges) rises so very gradually from the sea coast to the
interior that points on the western, frontier, nearly 100
miles from the coast, are only 300 feet above sea level.
This low, gently sloping land is plentifully intersected
by deep navigable rivers, which flow slowly towards
the sea. Along the banks of these rivers the charac-
teristics of the soil and climate were of a most
favourable character, and the vegetation essentially
tropical and luxuriant. Passing across] the country
from one river district to another a section was tra-
versed composed of a poor quartzy soil supporting
only a sparse vegetation of Pine (Pitch Pine), ever-
green Oaks, and a low shrubby Palm (Chamserops
»p.). On further acquaintance with the interior por-
tions of the country I found that the alluvial deposits
along the river banks, extending some five or six, or,
in some instances, ten miles on each side, contained
chiefly the rich valuable soils of the colony. Beyond
these were "broken lands " and " Pine ridges." I
estimate that fully one-third of the area of the colony
is composed of " Pine ridge."
The most important as well as the richest river
valley in the colony is that of the Old River, some-
times called the Belize River. This extends in a
wide sinuous course from the town of Belize at the sea
coast to the western frontier ; in the upper portions
the valley widens into broad expanses of rich fertile
plains, in some cases thirty or forty miles in breadth,
covered by Cohune Palm. I carefully examined this
district, and worked my way to the frontier station —
the Cayo— near which a Coffee plantation has recently
been established. With the exception of some six
Sugar estates, and the same number of Banana plan-
tations, this Coffee plantation is the only attempt
hitherto made to establish a systematic course of
culture in the colony, the bulk of the people being
employed, and the chief trade of the colony depending
upon mahogany and logwood cutting which, when
good prices are ruling, are apparently very remunera-
tive industries.
In the forests of the western districts I found the
rubber tree of Central America (Castilloa elastica)
very abundant. This tree (a member of the Bread-
fruit family) is specially suitable for cultivation on
account of its preferring a loamy, sandy soil, and
being a deep feeder it might be utilised as a shade
tree in cultivated areas with great advantage. I spent
two days with a rubber gatherer in order to observe
the methods for bleeding the trees and preparing the
rubber ; and I have brought with me botanical speci-
mens of the tree, some seed, as well as a sample of
the rubber. I hope soon to make a special report
on this tree and its produce. I am, also, making
arrangements to procure a large quantity of the seed,
when ripe, for distribution amongst Cacao planters
in this island. Trees at ten years old yield from 4 lb.
to 7 lb. of rubber, which is valued at from 2s. yl. to
3j. per pound. If carefully managed, the trees can
be bled every three or four years.
Another interesting plant found wild in these forests
was the indigenous Cacao of Central America ; this
differed from all kinds I had met previously. An
examination of the pods, which are of a golden-yellow
colour, led me to the conclusion that this "Tam-
pasco " or " Socunusco " Cacao is the yellow form of
the celebrated " Caracas " Cacao. Should such prove
to be the case, there is little doubt that this yellow
variety will prove as much superior to the red (Cara-
cas) form, as the yellow Forastero does to the red
(Trinidad) Cacao.
Many other interesting plants of timber and dye
woods, as well as of plants of medicinal and economic
value, were met, many of which I have no doubt are
capable of being utilised both in British Honduras and
in other British possessions. D. Morris, Director of
Public Gardens and Plantations, famaica.
Jamaica : Cinchona Plantation, Gordon Town. —
Shortly after I sent you the specimens of " Native
Bread," so kindly noted at p. 472, vol. xix., I placed
some of them in a pot of ordinary potting mould, and
I have discovered that they are covered with
mycelium, issuing from the tuber in a similar form to
the roots of a Gloxinia, and on the side where they
are somewhat indented, there is issuing a growth in
appearance similar to sketch. This may be only a
stronger mycelium growth, and as yet it is hardly
enough developed to judge or hazard an opinion as to
what it may become. I have sketched the size of
the tuber as accurately as possible. On examining a
tuber which had been broken, I find it to be covered
on the broken part with a growth very similar to the
substance of a Polyporus, which, though quite white
when uncovered, became in a few minutes of a yellow
tint. The tubers are placed for observation in a
temperature under glass from 65° to 75° Fahr. I
shall watch with much interest the further growth of
the mycelium, and should you desire it, will inform
you of the result of the observations, and I would
willingly undertake to perform any experiments you
might suggest to further my research. J. Hart,
Superintendent, Government Cinchona Plantation.
COTTON SEED OIL.
It is not many years since that cotton-seed was
almost a waste product, now it is largely used
for the expression of oil, as will be seen from the
following notes from a report on the industries of
the State of Georgia. Year by year the great
commercial value of cotton-seed has been gradu-
ally developed. A great authority has stated that if
Cotton could be grown in the Northern States,
it would be grown if only for the value of the seed
alone. It yields an oil which is widely used as a sub-
stitute for lard, and is largely sold for exportation to
France and Italy for the adulteration of olive-oil,
while the cake finds a ready sale at home and abroad
as food for cattle and as a fertiliser. For every bale
of Cotton grown there is half a ton of seed, and if the
crop of the present season yields but 6,500,000 bales,
of which there can be no reasonable doubt, there will
be 3,250,000 tons of cotton-seed. The oil-mills pay
12 dols. a ton for seed delivered at a railroad station
or a river landing. Planters ordinarily put aside from
40 to 50 per cent, of the seed for planting ; this
would leave 1,630,000 tons as the marketable crop of
the year, but as many planters live far away from
railroad stations or navigable rivers, and the trans-
portation facilities of the South are limited, 12 dols.
per ton to them would leave no profit, and the seed
is therefore used as a fertiliser, so that the actual
quantity placed on sale may be put down at less than
500,000 tons. It is estimated that a ton of seed
yields from 28 to 32 gallons of crude oil, worth
45 cents a gallon ; 750 lb. of oilcake, worth from
22 dols. to 24 dols. a ton, and about 20 lb. of lint-
cotton, worth 6 cents per pound. The hulls furnish
more than sufficient fuel for the mills. The
demand for the oil and the cake has grown
enormously during the past few years. Until recently
the demand was almost entirely from Europe, but
during the past year the New England States alone
took 15,000 tons of cotton-seed meal (the oil-cake
ground), and the lard-packers of the West are now
largely using the refined oil, which is worth about
60 cents per gallon, to mix with lard, which sells for
12 cents per pound or 90 cents per gallon. The preju-
dice against the use of the oil for domestic purposes is
fast disappearing, and refiners now sell it largely for
cooking purposes. In the New England States the
cotton-seed meal is used as cattle food, the cattle
being penned, and the manure utilised as a fertiliser ;
while in the South it is in most instances applied
direct to the ground, or in combination with other
fertilisers. The crop of cotton-seed of this State for
the year 1882 is estimated at 450,000 tons.
|lu p\^\i.
Drumming of Bees.— In contradistinction to the
inference drawn by Mr. Brown in his interesting note
on this subject is the fact that, under no circumstances
in what may be called their ordinary life, have I
heard or read of bees being affected by noise or music,
and it is only when swarming that the practice of
drumming is adopted. Were bees so amenable to
sweet harmonies, or even discords, scores of oppor-
tunities have been offered them in their ordinary life
to manifest their likes or dislikes. As, for instance,
here thousands of bees pass daily close by open win-
dows, through which often come the sweet tones of a
piano, and the not unmelodious harmonies of a female
voice, but never a one has been attracted from its
ordinary avocations in consequence. An old but very
commonplace poet once sang —
" Pretty Polly ran to see pretty chicks the hen had
hatched,
As she went a saucy bee Polly's honeyed beauties
watched ; "
and because the impudent insect sought to sip
sweet nectar from pretty Polly's honeyed lips, the
little maid was stung, but never a word was said
about the sweet melody of Polly's voice charming the
bees to listen. Moths can hardly be accepted as evi-
dence of the habits or tastes of bees. Moths are
foolish, fragile, fluttering follies in insect form ; but
bees are staid, sober creatures, insect models to
humanity, with the ant for the gay, the idle, and the
sluggard. Bees are sometimes credited with having
fond appreciation for colours, but it is of a selfish,
grovelling kind. The creatures have no souls above
spoil. They seek for bricks and mortar wherewith to
build their houses, and for food for themselves and
young, but as to developing a love for harmony, I
fear we might as reasonably look for it in that other
and even more grovelling insect whose existence seems
spent solely in providing in summer the necessary
sustenance for the coming winter.
It is somewhat remarkable, but it is the fact, that
all our most able apiarians regard the drumming of
swarms as useless and absurd. I have been particu-
larly struck with the fact that in that admirable little
book entitled Modern Bee-keeping, a handbook spe-
cially prepared for cottagers by the British Bee-
keepers' Association, and which is replete with valu-
able information, the subject of drumming is entirely
ignored, by which I infer that the Association regards
the practice as too utterly ridiculous and useless to be
worthy a line in the book. That the drumming may
be based on the assumption that it gives a title to the
ownership of the bees swarming, I admit, but it is
certain that such an interpretation is not generally
accepted, and almost universally where practised it is
so because there exists the belief that the bees are
influenced by the noise— always discordant — to remain
July 21, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
77
and settle close by. The origin of the practice may
be worthy of antiquarian research, but with the skilled
bee-keeper it is as dead and defunct as suffocation by
sulphuration and other abominable practices of the
ancient apiarian, who, compared with his modern
compeer, knew as much about bees as an old quack
doctor did about modern medicine. A. D,
BROCKHURST, DIDSBURY.
The view in Mr. Brockbank's garden given on
p. 8r is taken above the large rockery, which has
been formed of large blocks of red sandstone, arranged
sewage works at Levensholme, 2 miles distant, and
occurred under a covering of boulder clay, 20 feet
deep ; many of the stones are ice-worn, and also
contain many fossils. The rockery has been ar-
ranged in three ledges, so as to represent as nearly
as possible an outcrop of limestone, and at the
same time to make it suitable for the growth
of plants. It was designed for Hellebores
and Campanulas ; the large blocks were kept
apart, and large clumps of Hellebores nestle in the
spaces, obtaining what they want — shelter and
moisture. Campanulas are planted to hang over the
stones — the taller growing species 3,x^ bebinf} tbf
dendrons, tall standard Cherry trees being planted
amongst them, which form a pretty feature in the
spring. The border is gay with Trilomas and
Phloxes in the autumn.
GAZANIA LONGISCAPA.
This is the correct name of the plant that has been
distributed in gardens under the names of Gazania
pinnata var. integrifolia, and Gazaniopsis steno-
phylla, neither of which have any existence except in
gardens, and the sooner they are discarded for the
eorr«ct one of G. longiscapa the better.
Fig. 13. — VIEW in mr. brockbank's garden at brockhurst, didsbury.
like a natural outcrop, as seen at Alderley Edge,
The blocks are so arranged as to form terraced paths,
with steps to obtain access to all parts of the rockery ;
the top has a partly level surface, and is overlaid
with worn and rounded blocks of sandstone, like the
summit of a hill. The blocks are arranged to form
deep crevices and hollows, in which are placed
Primulas, Aquilegias, Saxifragas, Narcissuses, and a
large collection of alpines. Shelter is obtained by
small Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and evergreen shrubs,
as this part is much exposed to the north wind. The
limestone rockery is on the upper terrace of the
slopes, with a south and west aspect. It is formed of
large blocks of Permian limestone, some of them of
a ton weight. This stone is of a pink shade of
colour. The stones were found in digging for some
Hellebores, and tower over the stones when they are
in bloom. Space has been left in each of the terraces
for small alpines such as Hepaticas, Anemones, the
Edelweiss, Aster alpinus, Phyteumas, Dianthuses,
Saxifragas, of which there is a large collection ;
Sedums, Aquilegias, Iberises, Alliums, and other
plants which require shelter and limestone soil. The
new Pernettyas are placed between the blocks, filling
up the spaces with pretty berry-bearing evergreens,
and yet not encumbering the ground space to the exclu-
sion of alpine plants. The border in front contains
large clumps of Narcissus, such as Horsfieldii, many
of the larger Lilies, Leucojums, Francoas, Vera-
trums, Geums, Anthericums, Pyrethrums, Aquilegias,
and others of the more stately growing border plants.
The slope below the border is covered with Rbodo-
It is a hardy herbaceous perennial, having linear
entire leaves (sometimes one or two pinnatisect leaves
are mingled with them), 6 to 9 inches long, green and
glabrous above, white-tomentose beneath, except the
midrib, which is green. The flower scapes are as
long or longer than the leaves, and quite glabrous ;
the involucre is glabrous, with long, very acuminate
teeth as long as the tube, the outer ones sparsely
setuloae ; the tube is intruse at the base, and the edge
of the intrusion is acute ; flower-heads showy, 2 inches
in diameter, bright yellow, the ray-florets dull, dark
greenish beneath.
G. longiscapa is readily distinguished from G. pin-
nata by the glabrous flower-scape, involucre, and
upper surface of the leaves ; whilst in G. pinnata the
flower-scape is always, and the involucre and leave!
usually hispid. N, E, Brwm.
78
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
|«I,id I
atti and
ikanings.
Dendrobium Dearei, Rchb. f. — It is but now
that I fully understand the recent enthusiasm for this
novelty. Mr. W. Lee, Downside, Leatherhead, has
kindly sent me a grand inflorescence of nine — I believe
fully developed — flowers, equal to those of a good
Dendrobium infundibulum, bearing Saxon colours,
white and green. The gorgeous triquetrous ovaries,
with their stallcs, sepals, broad petals, lip, column,
all are of the finest and most chaste white. The lip
has a transverse green zone, and inside are a few
reddish lines over certain nerves. The anther is
partly white, partly green ; there is some green on
the front side of the column, over the stigmatic hollow,
and at the base, and then there are a few brown spots
on the area under the stigmatic hollow. Colonel
Deare must be very proud of his fine discovery. The
shrewdest thing he did was to send a sketch and dried
flowers ; had this not been done, we may doubt
whether the plant would now bear his name. Just
one horse's length behind the Colonel arrived the col-
lectors of three firms, each delighting in the posses-
sion of the same plant. The grand inflorescence was
quite fresh, though it had been in full flower a fort-
night, as Mr, W, Lee informed me. H. G. Rchb. f.
Dendrobium Dearei is now flowering here in
great masses of bloom, beautiful in the extreme. All
lovers of beautiful white flowers should grow this in
quantity, for it is quite easy of cultivation, and at
present very moderate in price. One of its great
recommendations is the long time the flower lasts in
full beauty without fading, I believe that I was the
first to flower D, Dearei in this country (see Gar-
deners' Chronicle of January 13, 1883), The raceme
then, of seven flowers, lasted for nine or ten weeks.
This, however, appears to be the natural time for the
plant to bloom, and probably we may find that it
may not last so long in the heat of July as in the
cooler period of January, William Lee, Downside,
Leatherhead,
We had a plant in flower here in the last week
In April, and have had some in flower ever since.
We have at present five plants very charming, some
carrying six racemes each. I send you a raceme.
[A very fine one. Ed.]. W. Davies, Woolton Wood,
Liverpool. [A plant in Messrs. Veitch's nursery has
produced a branching spike of flowers, the first we
have seen. Ed.]
Vanda teres. — When at Didsbury, a few months
ago, I saw Mr. Broome's plants coming Into flower,
and truly handsome specimens they were. I did not
ascertain whether the roots were kept dry In winter ;
perhaps Mr. Broome will kindly state whether this is
so. I have certain proof that keeping them dry from
November until March does not In the least injure
their constitution j they flower well under that treat-
ment, but refuse to do so when kept growing during
winter by moisture at the roots. Referring again to
Mr. James' note at p, 14, I now understand that the
plant he referred to was kept dry at the roots in
winter, and near the glass. It is drying the plants in
summer that causes the mischief. This, I know, is
sometimes done in error. There is no other Orchid
with which I am acquainted that will stand so much
drying at the roots during winter without injury. Our
plants make growths 18 inches and 2 feet In a season,
and flower every year, and they do not get any water
from November until March. J. Douglas.
CyPRlPKDiUM Culti;re. — In answer to "A. R.'s"
inquiry (p. 46), I may say that I have grown C. ma-
cranthum for five or six years, and it has flowered
with me every year, increasing slowly. I procured
the plant from the Berlin Botanic Gardens, where I saw
the finest specimen of this species I have ever seen,
growing in the open air in almost pure sand, with
some admixture of leaf-mould, under the partial shade
of bushes. As far as my experience goes, the nature
of the soil is not nearly so important a matter In the
cultivation of this and many other delicate plants as
the climate and condition of the soil as to moisture at
difTetent seasons. For Instance, Cephalanthera rubra,
which Is one of our rarest and prettiest native Orchids,
grows in one or two localities in Gloucestershire,
under the deepest shade of Beech trees, in a soil com-
posed of oolitic gravel covered with Beech leaf-mould.
In Switzerland I found it on an open stony pasture,
covered with herbage, probably an old moraine.
This summer I found it abundant, and much more
luxuriant, in a Pine forest near Mayence, in Germany,
in pure sand mixed with the icanty vegetable mould
of decayed^Pine leaves. C. Calceolus certainly does
not require stiff' loamy soil mixed with limestone.
With me it has grown for years on a peaty soil which
suits C. spectablle and C. pubescens. Sand is cer-
tainly one of the best soils for growing many delicate
bulbs and plants, but it must not be constantly
saturated in autumn and winter, and it must be
enriched artificially with leaf-mould or very old
manure If you wish to have luxuriant growth. In De
Graaffs nursery at Leyden, where many of the rarest
and most difficult to manage of bulbs and herbaceous
plants are grown with great success, the soil is little
more than sand, which has become rich by long
cultivation and manuring ; and so it is with many of
the best Belgian and German gardens. H. J. Elwes.
Cattleya superba splendens. — I send you a
spike of Cattleya superba splendens which has seven
flowers on the spike. Is it not an unusual number ?
We frequently have four flowers, but I do not
remember having seen so many on a spike before.
Last season it flowered for the first time, and then it
had only four blooms on the spike. Thomas Denny.
[A charming spike of a variety quite equal In colour
to Mr. Bockett's, which was certificated at South
Kensington last week. Ed.]
The warm and showery weather we have experi-
enced of late has been very advantageous to the flower
garden. The growth of the plants has been unusually
rapid and satisfactory, and the beds generally are not
only well furnished, but they also present a more gay
appearance than is usually seen before the month of
August. With this quick growth they will of course
require more frequent attention in respect to culti-
vation than is the case in ordinary seasons, else they
will soon grow beyond their proper limits, and be-
come unsightly. In respect to the beds planted on
the " carpet system " the chief work now lies in main-
taining the plants which form the different patterns
In their exact shape, not allowing a single shoot or
leaf to grow beyond its allotted space, nor in any
other way to Interfere with the proper outline of the
design which they are intended to pourtray. This'
cannot be accomplished except by frequent pinching,
clipping, pegging, or tying, according to the habit or
nature of the plant, and the position it occupies In the
bed. In very elaborate designs this work will be
greatly facilitated if some definite and accurate mark
or guide be provided at the angle of each section of
the pattern. For this purpose small wooden stakes
should be inserted at the different angles ; or If small
lengths of thin slate be inserted so as to indicate the
various outlines they will be even more preferable,
and less likely to offend the eye. With such an
arrangement the various lines are readily discerned,
and the work of trimming Is made comparatively easy.
Where the ordinary plants only are used either in masses
or ribbons such exactness In training Is not required,
nor is it desirable. The first object should be to furnish
every part of the bed, and at the same time to secure
them from breakage either by tying or pegging, and
then allow them a certain amount of liberty without
permitting any undue crowding. In those gardens
where a combination of these systems of planting Is
adopted, where the beds consist of a judicious selec-
tion of herbaceous plants, bulbs and annuals inter-
mixed with the ordinary bedding plants, much greater
care and forethought Is required, not only In training
so as to prevent too great irregularity, but also to pre-
vent any unseemly blanks occurring so as to mar that
which would otherwise be an effective display. To
this end It Is necessary to keep in reserve, and ready
for transplanting when required, a number of plants
to fill in the vacancies as they occur. Amongst the
most suitable subjects for this purpose are Pelargo-
niums, Balsams, Stocks, Asters, Petunias, Nasturtiums,
Phlox, MImulus, Pansies, Violas, Lilies, Gladiolus,
and TIgridias. As the early bulbs and other plants
go out of bloom their places can easily be filled by the
most suitable plants and the beds be kept gay for a great
length of time, By this system it is true there is not
that even and uniform appearance presented by carpet
beds, nor is there at any time that blaze of colour to
which we have been so long accustomed ; on the other
hand there is an ever changing, ever charming variety
in outline and colour which cannot fail to please,
with just sulficlent relief at all times to prevent the
garden being gaudy or monotonous ; and where the
beds are not too small nor too strictly geometrical in
shape many of the larger growing autumn flowering
herbaceous plants may be introduced so as to prolong
the blooming season to a later period of the year than
is possible by any other system of bedding.
Roses. — The time for propagating, either by
cuttings or budding, has now arrived, and no time
should be lost in performing these operations. Pro-
pagation by cuttings has, during the last few destruc-
tive winters, proved most serviceable, as plants on
their own roots have, In many instances, proved to be
much hardier than budded plants, and when well
cultivated produce blooms quite equal in size and
quality to those budded on either the Dog Rose or
Manettl. In propagating by cuttings, a few things
require special attention. The shoots must be perfect-
ly ripe, they must be cut off at the heel or joint, and
the cuttings must be planted In sandy loam under a
hand-light, in a moderately shaded and moist situation,
where they should be allowed to remain undisturbed
until they have formed roots an inch long. By strictly
following these rules scarcely a cutting will fall,
whether they belong to either the hardy perpetual.
Tea or Noisette sections. In budding Roses care
should be taken to catch the exact time when the bark
of the stock runs freely, also to choose fine weather
for the operation, as rain, if allowed to enter with the
bud, often causes fermentation, and failure Is the
result. The larger the bark attached to the bud is In
reason the better, as it Is not afterwards so easily
blown out by storms. In tying in the bud, the cotton
or worsted should not be too fine, nor should It be
tied too closely, so as to entirely exclude light and air
from the bud. When the bud has fairly united with
the stock the tying material should be loosened so as
to allow the bud and stock to swell properly. Great
injury Is often done by allowing the bandages to
remain on too long and too tight, whereby the free
circulation of the sap is impeded.
Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks. — Now is the
proper time to propagate these, either by cuttings or
layers. If by cuttings or pipings, a hand-light
should be placed on a very moderate hot-bed, and the
cuttings planted in very sandy light soil. If by layers,
the most forward and best ripened growths should
be selected, and In preparing the layer the cut should
be made low down and more than half way through
the shoot. It should then be pegged firmly into the
soil, which should have a good portion of sand mixed
with it. By propagating at this time the layers become
well rooted and thoroughly established before the
approach of winter, and are not so liable to damp off
as when propagated later in the season. Wireworm,
the chief enemy of the Dianthus, should be well
looked after, and should it attack them pieces of
Carrot or Potato placed just under the surface soil
near the plants will soon attract them, when they may
easily be destroyed. T, S. C.
Jflelons an6 Cucumbers.
Melons. — To plants having their roots growing in
a somewhat confined space, and which are now swell-
ing off their fruits, give liberal and frequent supplies
of liquid manure in a weak state, but avoid wetting
the fruits as much as possible, as this, in con-
junction with imperfect ventilation, would cause
them to crack. Immediately after an appli-
cation of liquid manure wash the foliage over
with clear water. Put a little air on about half-
past seven in the morning, and gradually add to it as
the power of the sun Increases. Shut up at from half-
past three to four o'clock — a little earlier or later
according to the state of the weather and the situation
of the houses — with plenty of atmospheric moisture on
bright days. In structures where Melons are approach-
ing maturity Increase the ventilation with a correspond-
ing decrease in the atmospheric moisture of the houses,
and apply a little fire-heat at night to finish off the
flavouring and colouring of the fruits. In succession- r
houses, where the fruits have set too thickly thin them
out to three or four (according to the strength of the
plants and variety) so soon as it can be ascertained
JULV 21, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
79
which are going to swell-off the best and most even-
shaped fruit, which should be distributed regularly
over the plants. Place some pieces of wood
or slate in a sloping position to prevent the lodg-
ment of water, to keep the fruit off the damp surface,
which would disfigure them. Complete the earthing-
up of late plantings, and see that the same have
proper attention in the way of thinning and slopping
the shoots, as also the setting of the fruit on bright
days when the pollen is dry. H. W, Ward.
Cucumbers. — These should be attended to in the
way of stopping and thinning the shoots two or three
times a week. The growths should be kept well
thinned out, by which means the wood will become
consolidated and prolific. It is a fact well known to
practical gardeners, that Cucumber plants can be
kept producing fruit all the year through by judicious
cropping, and by having the old wood regularly cut
out when practicable, and sufficient young laid in to
replace it, with occasional top-dressings and frequent
and liberal applications of diluted liquid manure to
the roots ; this, with a suitable temperature and
genial atmospheric moisture, can easily be accom-
plished. Of course, where there is a successional-
house, plants raised from seed next month would be
preferable for winter work, inasmuch as they would
be more vigorous growing, but where there is only
one house, and it is not desirable to have a break in
the supply of fruit while a fresh batch of plants are
being established, the above plan may be had
recourse to with advantage. H, IK WarJ^ Longford
Castli Guldens,
|liiirt3 and \\\^\\ \jM.\t
Stove Climbing Plants. — Stephanotis is
one of the most useful for the production of a
supply of flowers for cut purposes, and now that such
a great demand is made upon the resources of many
establishments in this direction, it behoves those in
charge to do their best to attain the desired end.
The planting-out sjstem is undoubtedly the best
for the Stephanotis to secure a good crop of bloom.
Many a bare roof of a stove house might with advan-
tage be partially covered with this exotic. Those
who possess large pot plants could turn them to a
good account in this manner instead of keeping them
trained to a formal trellis. They will thrive well in
equal proportions of fibrous loam and peat, allowing
a good amount of drainage. Plants that have flowered
this season might now be turned out in this way,
pruning them moderately ; if in a congenial tempera-
ture they will soon start into growth again. To
secure an early crop of flowers from plants that
are permanently established in an open border
or bed it is necessary to prune these also ; if the
plant is overgrown and occupying its allotted space
somewhat severe cutting back will do no harm —
rather the reverse. Keep the plant dry at the root
till fresh growth commences, then give every encou-
ragement for it to perfect the same as quickly as
possible. On the shoots thus made the flower
trusses will be partially pushed forward this autumn,
and can then be easily had in flower by the
end of the following March. Ipomoea Hors-
falli.-e must also be induced to make a good growth
now for next winter's bloom ; it will well repay
the attention bestowed upon it, although the
flowers last but one day. Jasminum gracilli-
mum should also now be growing vigorously ; every
strong shoot now made will in the autumn put forth
lateral growths freely that will have terminals with
corymbs of sweet-scented flowers. We think this
plant can be grown in a teraperate-house, and intend
to try it in this way ourselves before long. Two of
the best of the Passifloras are P. princeps and P.
kermesina ; these will both do well in pots, and look
fine when draped from the roof. Spider will attack
them at this season of the year ; a vigorous use of the
syringe will, however, keep this enemy in check. P.
quadrangularis requires more room, and is best
adapted for a lofty house. We have it now in a tem-
perate-house, making a good growth, which will, no
doubt, flower in the autumn. Hibiscus schizopetalus
seems to be well adapted for running up under a
rafter ; we are now training ours in this manner,
expecting to see its flowers displayed to better advan-
tage. Allamandas, Bougainvilleas, and Cleroden-
drons need no remarks now, having been lately
treated upon. Jasminum grandiflorum, though classed
as a greenhouse plant, is best grown in a temperate-
house. It should now be in good active growth ; this
ought to be trained thinly near the glass ; take care
to keep the points intact, as nearly every one will
yield flower in the autumn, when they are most useful.
Tacsonia insignis is best grown in the same house,
where it should now be a grand object in bloom. It
will impart an amount of shade that will well suit
some plants underneath it at this time of the year.
Bignonia venusta will make an excellent companion
for the foregoing, to Sower ia the winter.
Conservatory Climbers. — Nothing gives a
graceful effect in this kind of structure better
than an assorted collection of climbing plants.
We are scarcely ever without one or more in
good bloom, commencing early in the season with
Chorozema Chandleri, which cannot be surpassed in
the early spring months. Those who possess a good
pot specimen of this or any other good kind will do
wisely to turn it out in a well prepared border at
once, and thereby secure a good foundation for the
coming spring. Habrothamnus elegans, an almost
perpetual bloomer, gives a good display in succession
to the Chorozema. Where overgrown plants of any
Habrothamnus exist, now is a good time to give them
a good spurring-in, to secure a fresh break in time to
flower in winter after the Lapageria ceases, which
latter plant is now coming nicely into bloom. Tac-
sonia exoniensis is this season flowering well with us
for the first time. Formerly we confined it exclu-
sively to its own arch, and allowed it to festoon the
same somewhat thickly ; this treatment was not,
however, suited to its blooming qualities. Last year
we took some shoots of good strength and trained
them horizontally ; laterals from these strong growths
are now flowering freely. We had nearly condemned
this fine climber, having failed previously for several
seasons ; now we intend to let it ramble on the roof,
keeping each main shoot a good distance apart. Tac-
sonia Van Volxemi is doing well under the same
treatment. Over-grown plants of Trachelospermum
(Rhynchospermum)jasminoides maybe turned to good
account as conservatory climbers if they have hitherto
been grown as pot specimens. In a large conserva-
tory with a good expanse of roof Acacia dealbata is a
fine sul'ject.so also is the now seldom seen Mandevilla
suaveolens. No better time of the year than the
present could be chosen to proceed with planting
conservatory climbers. This structure should not,
or at least ought not, to be so crowded, as early in the
season better opportunity is thereby afforded to give
fresh planted stock more light and air for a fair start.
It often happens that in the arrangement of a con-
servatory due regard is not had to the convenience of
planting out climbers. The best job must, however,
be made in each individual case. If the space at
command is limited, plant those only that want less
root-room ; but in all cases see that such permanent
subjects as these have soil only of the best description.
Be careful to introduce no insect pests — mealy-
bug in particular — into a house newly planted ;
too much caution in regard to this cannot possibly be
exercised. Carelessness in respect of this important
point has undoubtedly caused climbing plants to be
less popular, and consequently not so largely used as
they deserve to be in every house devoted to plant
culture. Where mealy-bug exists a thorough
clean out will be far the cheapest in" the end with
climbing plants, and this process can perhaps be
better seen to during the next few weeks than it could
have been for some months past. The saving in
future labour will amply compensate for any extra
time expended in this direction at once. James
Hudson, Gicnnershiry ffouse, Acion, IV., July 17.
Peaches anb Nectarines.
Keei' early houses as cool as possible by
throwing open the ventilators and doors to the
fullest extent, by night as well as by day, and keep
the foliage clean by syringing or washing with the
hose twice daily. If the lights on the roof are mov-
able, they may be taken off altogether about the end
of this month, or in the beginning of August, to give
the trees the benefit of the autumn sun, rain and
dews. Pinch-In laterals, and stop or take out alto-
gether any strong gross shoots that are taking the
lead. Succession-houses are coming on very fast
and close on the heels of each other, and in
fact early varieties in the succes^ion - house this
season are ripe before the later varieties in
the preceding house are over. Ventilate freely,
and carry out the directions already given as to
exposing the fruit to the influence of the sun and
light, to get them high coloured and fine flavoured.
Tie-in shoots in late houses, keeping them somewhat
thinner than in the earlier houses, in order to get the
wood well ripened. Stop all laterals and gross shoots
or any terminal shoots that will have to be taken out
after the fruit is gathered, y. Wallis, Aiele Gardens,
July 17.
Early Potatos which are ripe may now be dug,
and the finest tubers be carried to the root-room, and
the medium sized ones spread out in the sun to green
before they are stored away on the shelves. I would
most strongly impress upon growers the necessity of
not choosing small or inferior seed for next year. Thl^,
on the score of economy, is I know oftentimes done, and
the grower wonders why his crop Is not satisfactory.
The late red Celery should now be planted. If the
ground is in good heart, simply draw a drill on the
surface as if for Peas, and into this plant the crop,
but if the soil is poor stretch a line, and about a foot
wide, dig in a good coating of rich rotten dung ; but
in either case plant on the surface, or nearly so —
simply'a shallow drill — to enable one to ultimately help
the plant if necessary with liquid manure. This surface
planting will enable the plants to stand the wintry
weather better. The very earliest crop ought now to
be gone over, and have any side shoots removed,
and after a good and final watering have a little soil
put to it. This is the best month in all the year to dry
herbs. Such as Mint, Marjoram, Summer Savory,
Sage, and the king of herbs. Sweet Basil, all now
coming into blossom should be cut off and dried for
winter use. Various plans are recommended, but to my
mind the best is the screen in front of the kitchen
fire. Here the process is begun and finished off in a
day, and then the herbs are put away in tin boxes or
wide-mouthed glass bottles, and corked up and kept in
a dry cupboard for winter use. The full flavour of
the herb is thus secured and retained. The Mush-
room-house proper will now be empty ; therefore
choose a dull day, close every shutter and window,
get a large shovel of live coal, place this in the middle
of the floor, and throw on a good handful or two
of sulphur, shut the door, and fasten It up. This
will kill every Insect, and, after being a day shut up,
the house may be swept out and whitewashed in
readiness for the autumn beds being got ready.
As fast as Peas and Beans are cleared off the
ground let good breadths of Broccoli be planted. As
we pointed out in our last the ground need not be
dug ; it will be moister than if dug at this time
of the year, and if the plants have been pro-
perly prepared in the pricking out ground they
will be stocky, and will not feel the move so
very much ; besides, in undug ground the growth is
not so gross, consequently the entire crop stands the
winter better. On north borders we plant dwarf Scotch
Kale and Lapland Kale, as these two withstand
the severest winters, and come In most useful in the
spring, when other Greens are running to seed.
Oftentimes an unexpected frost cuts oft" the entire
crop of French Beans in a single night, so that one
must now, in frames or pits, make another sowing
of some dwarf approved kind In an open situation ;
the soil need not be very rich, and the lights
should not be put on till the danger of frost is appre-
hended ; the breadth sown must entirely depend upon
the family. Where Vegetable Marrows have been well
managed, theyarenowin full bearing ; lookoverthebed
daily, and cut all large enough for use because one fruit
forming seed will run away with more sap from the plant
than fifty young ones will. Tomatos will still require
weekly attendance In removing superfluous shoots.
The ripe fruit should be gathered from those under
glass, and if not wanted immediately should be laid
on a dry shelf and used in the rotation in which they
are gathered. Plant out successional Endive on rather
light soil and in a warm situation. Make the principal
sowing of Cabbage In an open space to stand the
winter, and in late localities the last crop of Turnips ;
the best to stand the winter is Chirk Castle Black
Stone and Orange Jelly ; another handsome and
sweet-flavoured kind isRussian Cup— this, like the last
mentioned, is a yellow-fleshed kind, and so not re-
lished by some, but for what reason I never could
ascertain. Pull and store away in a dry place
Potatos, Onions, Garlic, and Shallots, and once again
look over the Onion beds and remove any bulbs
where they are too thick. A few more plants of
Autumn Giant Cauliflower may be planted out for
very late use. Sow again on a north border Cos and
Cabbage Lettuce for autumn use, and keep the hoe
going amongst crops ; keep weeds under and let all be
kept neat and tidy. j. Rusl, £rid^e Castle, Susse.x.
8o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
fJULY 21, 1883.
Tuesday, July
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
r Royal Horticultural Society; Meeting of
■ IFloral Committees, at II A M. ;
nmittee, at i P.M.
Uarnation and Picotee Society's
. _. South Kensington.
' Newcastle-upon-Tyne Horticultural So-
■3 Show (three days).
Imported Orchids, Stove Plants,
^ , _t Stevens' Rooms.
ThOTSDAY, July 26 { ^^^=„°'3 '■"P""'"' O'cli^s. at Stevens'
I Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Wedhesday, J
(Fruit and Flo
Scientific Coir
National Carna
Show at Soutt
f Newcastlc-
ulv35-< ciety'sSh
""'Si Sale of Iir
I &c.,atSt
Friday,
July 37 j ■
THE remarks lately made in our columns as
to the uselessness of most of the collec-
tions of Wild Flowers exhibited at flower
shows will, we are sure, meet with the approval
of all who are concerned either with the educa-
tion or the amusements of the coming genera-
tion. The collections of wild plants, living and
dried, to be seen at flower shows are for the
most part absolutely useless, and they may even
be mischievous. Of course, the children who
compete for these prizes are not to blame, the
fault lies with the framers of the schedules. To
say the truth, a rather lengthened experience
has shown us that in the great majority of
cases neither prize offerers, nor prize winners,
neither committee nor judges, have any but the
vaguest and most superficial knowledge of the
plants exhibited, and of the lessons they might
convey if properly studied. We know of
striking exceptions, of course, but on the whole
the case is as we have put it This being so,
what possible good can be expected to accrue
from such exhibitions 'i
Where instruction has been afforded before-
hand, as to the appearance, relationships, and
properties of our common weeds the case is
different, but even then the tendency is to foster
mere collecting and name-giving without other
more valuable information. Collecting of itself
is one of the most innocent and delightful of
occupations — we have nothing but good to say of
it, but to be of any value beyond affording re-
creation and wholesome exercise, it must be
associated with intelligent observation. The
business of the teacher is to foster and direct
this faculty, which is usually very keen in chil-
dren. The teacher therefore should endeavour
to interest his pupil not merely by encouraging
large collections and by taxing the memory of
the child with hard words, but by inducing him
to observe and by demonstrating to him some or
other of the infinite number of points of interest
connected with the mode of growth, the habitat,
the structure of the flower and its relation to
insects visitors, welcome or unwelcome, &c.
With the numerous works treating of the life-
history of plants now within easy reach there is
no excuse for continuing in the old grooves and
confining attention principally to hard words
and their explanations. People who go on in
this way will never make Peter Bell any
better than he is. A Primrose will be for ever
to him a Primrose, or at most " Primula
vulgaris." But to the botanist a Primrose is
not as the profane and unreflecting — and even
some poets, who ought to know better— think,
merely a gamopetalous dicotyledon, with certain
peculiarities of floral organisation, but it is a
creation instinct with life, full of exquisite
beauty, endowed with the most marvellous
power of fulfilling its office in the world, adapt-
ing itself to circumstances, scheming and con-
triving, we might almost say, how best to bear
itself in the struggle for life, against the
elements, and against the competition of rivals
and associates. Its relationships are as in-
tricate as any genealogist could desire ; to
work out its pedigree would be to unravel a
thousand mysteries, and bring to light a
thousand points of interest. Any weed affords
means and opportunity for studying these
matters. To do so even in the slightest
degree is, pro tanto, to investigate truth, than
which no purer, higher pursuit can be longed
for. Instead, therefore, of indiscriminate col-
lecting the child should be taught and shown
something of the structure and life-history of
the plant ; its interest should be aroused by
information as to how the plant grows, what it
does, why and how. A few seedlings grown in
a pot, a Hyacinth in a vase, a Scarlet Runner
climbing up a stick, a Snapdragon flower — a
hundred of the commonest things may be made
the means of exciting lively interest and of
obtaining instruction far more valuable than
any that can be had by bunching weeds in a
pickle bottle at a flower show.
For those more advanced in years and in
knowledge, who do not care for mere collecting,
or who desire to add to it some more profitable
mental occupation, there is abundant scope
which it is hardly necessary to particularise, but
we may give one illustration from a recent
lecture of Mr. Baker on the "Geography ot
British Plants." Alluding to the question as to
the propriety of attributing specific or varietal
rank only to certain plants Mr. BAKER adds : —
' ' There is a wide fieM liere for collecting and corre-
lating facts, many of them of a kind that can be investi-
gated suitably by a local country botanist with limited
leisure. For instance, it would be quite within the scope
of any one with a small garden to raise from seed for a
few years some of the numerous varieties of Viola tricolor
and its sub-species arvensis, lutea, and Curtisii, and Iceep a
record of what happened ; or to bring half-a-dozen of
the native Epilobia or Rumices into his garden, and
make experiments in hybridising them. Work of this
kind can be done far better in a quiet little garden in the
country than in a large establishment like Cambridge or
Kew. There is no one now that I know of who has any
large number of these ' critical ' British plants under cul-
tivation, like Mr. Watson used to have twenty years ago
in his small garden at Thames Ditton.
" In accounting for the variation of our more variable
specific types, I do not think that the Darwinian prin-
ciple of the propagation by naturalselection of characters
that aid the organism in the struggle for e-xistence will
carry us very far. In Rubus, for instance, in which of
all our indigenous generic types we get the widest range
of variation between remote extremes without any clear
line of demarcation, one can scarcely faeUeve that any
varietal or sub-specific type (a few hybrids hke R. pseudo-
idEeus, and manifest degradations hke R. Leesii ex-
cepted) possesses any character or capacity that, in the
struggle for life, will give it an advantage over any
other."
Another point which botanists and students
who think that British botany has been so
thoroughly worked out that it can now yield no
further points of interest, is the distribution of
plants according to the character of the soil.
On this point we may again refer to what Mr.
Baker has to say : —
' ' As regards the minute circumstances coimected with
soil that affect species-distribution, gardeners could teach
botanists a great deal, if they would keep_their eyes open
in the routine of their daily work. The most valuable
recent contribution to our knowledge in this direction is
Kerner's Cultur der Alpenp/lamen, published at Inns-
bruck in 1864, of which an excellent abstract in English
appeared in the number of Mr. Robinson's periodical
called Tin Garden, for December 10, i83t. Kerner's
observations refer to the plants of the Alps of Central
Europe, and in the first place he classifies the species
into three groups, according to the amount of humus, or
vegetable matter, which they need. In the first
group, those that can grow in a soil poor in
humus, he places the alpine Crucifers, Crassu-
lacese, Alsines, Silenes, and most of the Compositse.
In the second group, composed of species that
grow well on soil composed of vegetable humus and
inorganic detritus mixed in equal proportions, he places
the Potentillas, Primulas, Gentians, Orchises, Legu-
minosae, UmbeUiferae, Cyperaceas, and grasses. In the
third group, which need a soil rich in humus, he places
the Junci, Luzulas, Heaths, Vaccinia, Ferns, and Lyco-
podia. In a second fist he classifies the species in three
groups, according to whether they succeed best in soil
containing lime, or whether Hme harms them, or whether
they are indifferent to it. Among the lime-lovers he
places Campanula pusilla, Cypripedium Calceolus, Draba
aizoides, Dryas octopetala. Primula auricula, Scabiosa
lucida, Rubus saxatilis, and Phyteuma orbiculare ;
amongst the hrae-haters he classifies Allosorus crispus,
Asplenium septentrionale, the Droseras, Linnsea borealis,
Lycopodium alpinum and Selago, Viola lutea, Sahx
herbacea, Trientahs eiuopaea, and Scirpus ceespitosus ;
amongst the species indifferent to lime he places Aspidium
Lonchites, Gentiaoa verna, Lychnis alpina, Saxifraga
aizoides and stellaris. And, finally, he again classifies all
the species under three groups, according as to whether
they grow best in a sandy or a clayey soil, and are in-
different in this respect. So that we get a full classifica-
tion of all the species noted, made from three different
points of view, which is eminently suggestive in its
bearing upon their dispersion as wild plants."
The works of Darwin, Lubbock, Taylor,
Cooke, and others teem with similar illustrations,
which we commend to schoolmasters and speci-
ally to framers of schedules in the hope that they
-may see their way to abandon profitless com-
petitions, and encourage wholesome, interesting,
and useful inquiry. The competitors would be
more really interested, they would experience
the satisfaction that the acquisition of knowledge
by one's own powers always gives ; probably
they might even participate in that keener joy
which the inquirer feels when he makes fresh
discoveries and extends the bounds of know-
ledge. His whole mental organisation will be
benefited, while if he is to be a cultivator of
plants in the future, or the director of others,
he will have all the advantage and confidence
which intelligence and knowledge confer over
mere tradition and routine.
Trade Groups at Flower Shows. — At
this time of the year, when flower shows are as fre-
quent as thunderstorms, it is not an inappropriate
moment to discuss the question as to what kind of
honours, if any, should be paid to trade groups of
plants and flowers at such gatherings. Of course
competition for prizes is out of the question, for not
only are the majority of such exhibitors ineligible to
compete, but they have no desire to enter into cotn-
petition with those who are their customers. These
groups in all cases add very materially to the interest
and beauty of shows, and not infrequently there are
charms about them that no other elements in the
exhibition can supply. Committees of flower shows,
however glad (as they are) to get these groups, are
often puzzled to know how to deal with them. If
they have the funds, and are wise, they will vote the
trade grower some small sum towards his inevit-
able disbursements, and though not one half his ex-
penses are met, yet he is gratified at the kindly consi-
deration shown. On the other hand, there are many
shows at which this good feeling is not displayed, and
the trade grower perhaps gets the thanks of the com-
mittee privately conveyed — perhaps not. In any case
the committee that omits lo display such courtesy
must be composed of a very uncouth lot of people
indeed. But the managers of shows are often more
perplexed as to the nature of the honours to be pub-
licly bestowed on these groups than about private
arrangements. Shall they be Commended, or Highly
Commended, or shall they be left to gather their own
honours unticketed ? But a few days since, at a large
show, one manager solved the difficulty by bestowing
a label of High Commendation upon a dozen or so of
these collections indiscriminately. What we should
like to learn is whether in this and similar cases the
tradesmen approved and appreciated the award, or
did not. There ate not a few show managers who
would like to glean the views of the trade growers
upon this delicate subject,
Seedling Begonias. — Messrs. John Laing
& Co. have sent us a Begonia bloom — the largest they
have yet raised, and which measures 6 inches by
5} inches. The form is perfect for so large a flower,
and the colour glowing crimson-scarlet,
Cattleyas from Mr. Percival. — Some
very fine blooms of Cattleyas from R. P. Percival,
Esq., of Birkdale, were on view at Mr. J. C.
Stevens' office on Thursday. C. Eldorado Wallisi
was represented in all shades of white with differ-
ently tinted orange lip, the delightful Honeysuckle
odour from them being perceptible even in the door-
way. Mr. Percival is very successful with the
Cattleyas of the Eldorado section, and he grows
them in summer along with the varieties of C.
Trianae, and much cooler than Eldorado is gener-
ally grown, The fact is worth recording, as there
are scores of this beautiful Cattleya at present
languishing In hothouses. Cattleya gigas Sanderiana,
with very large highly coloured labellum, and petals
expanding 9 inches, affords a very good example of
what this plant is when well grown, C. Mendeli,
C. Dowiana, C, superba, Lselia elegans varieties, and
July 21, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
81
different forms of Masdevallia cbimsera, also appeared
in the same vase.
The Orchid Exhibition at Mr. Bull's
Nursery has proved a great success. Ever since its
opening a continuous and varied display has been
kept up, which has induced a great number of those
who have visited it to repeat the visit several times,
and for the middle of July the display is still in
every way remarkable. Such beautiful examples of
Orchids, arranged as they are in Mr. Bull's large
ihow-house, tastefully mingled with rare Ferns and
such graceful foliage as that of Asparagus plumosus,
cannot fail to prove of benefit in e^ttending the culture
the fine pans of Disa grandiflora at the entrance.
There is a peculiar glow in the orange-tinted scarlet
of some of the varieties of this plant which make them
very catching to the eye at any reasonable distance.
Where there is such a profusion of excellence it is
difficult to particularise, but prominent among the
good things well bloomed were some very fine
Aerides Lobbii, Cymbidium Lowianum, Oncidium
Gardnerianum, O. Lanceanum, O. leucochilum,
Grammatophyllum EUisii, and many very fine Masde-
vallias.
Royal Horticultural Society. — The
ann\ial enhibjtion of the Carnation and P'cotee
least a well-marked variety of that species. It does
not appear to do well out-of-doors, preferring the
shelter of a cool greenhouse ; and it stands forcing
well. We understand that one of the most extensive
growers of plants for market has given a large order
for bulbs for forcing next spring.
Mr. Bennett's Rose Her Majesty.— Here
is an interesting fact with reference to that magnificent
new Rose, Her Majesty. Mr. Bennett showed a
splendid bloom of this variety in his box of twelve at
South Kensington on July 3. On the following day
the same bloom made its appearance at the West
minster Aouarium, 00 the Thursday it figured son
Fig, 14. — VIEW IN MR. brockbank's garden at brockhurst, dibsbury. (^e f. 77.)
of Orchids generally. The cool and comfortable tem-
perature of the house, too, in which they are arranged,
and in which they seem to last so long in bloom, can-
not fail to disturb that popular error in the minds of
many, viz., that Orchids must always be kept in close
houses. On the occasion of our visit this week we found
the Orchid show as fresh and as interesting as at
its opening, although we missed many of those grand
varieties of Odontoglossum vexillarium and O. Alex-
andrse ; the best of them have passed out of bloom,
but their places are taken by some grand masses of
Lselia purpurata, with some of the largest blooms we
ever saw ; L. elegans, some gorgeous Cattleya gigas,
C. Eldorado, C. Warneri, C. Mendeli, and that
pujzling, yet beautiful and distinct C. Gaskelliana.
Perhaps nothing in the bouse could equal in brilliancy
Society at South Kensington, on Tuesday next,
promises to be a very successfiil one. Besides the
display of these popular flowers it is expected that
groups of Begonias will form an unusually strong
feature. The show will be held in the tent, and the
committees will meet in the Picture Gallery adjoining.
LILIUU Harrisi. — We have received a two-
flowered stem of this Lily from Messrs. Watkins &
Simpson, who introduced it into the London market,
and which is the second flower-stem produced this
season in the manner described by Mr. Clausen,
at p. 53, by a second-sized bulb in the possession of
Mr. Walker, of Whitton, near Hounslow. The
flowers are very fine, and evidence seems to be accu-
mulating that it is distinct from L. longiflorum, or at
tpicuottsly at Kingston-on-Thames, and on the follow-
ing Saturday was shown again at the Crystal Palace,
and was quite fresh in appearance at the close of that
exhibition, A few blooms of this character would be
invaluable to some exhibitors of Roses.
Chrysanthemum segetum. — This cornfield
" weed " is proving a most useful plant to cut from, as
the blossoms last such a long time in colour. Some
flowers cut ten days ago are as fresh as they were when
taken from the plants. This is saying much for any
flower ; besides, theyare of a very pleasing bright golden
colour, and though at this season of the year there are
many flowers of this colour, it takes high rank among
them, Mr. Roberts has it growing in the gardens
at Gunnersbury Park in a long well-manured border,
82
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
where it grows and blooms with great freedom. It is
perhaps a little too straggling in growth for small
gardens, but Mr. Roberts took the precaution of
sowing it with Eartonia aurea, and this, being
dwarfer, makes an attractive line of yellow. One
tendency in matters gardening in the present age is to
illustrate the value of common flowers, and many
things neglected of late are coming to the fore.
Centaurea Cyanus minor and its varieties offer a case in
point. It is now being largely grown because so free,
and it yields an enormous number of flowers of
pleasing shades, and especially of an acceptable shade
of blue. From being a comparatively neglected, it is
now a largely cultivated plant.
The Brighton and Hove Chrysanthe-
mum Society have issued a schedule of prizes for
their first exhibition, which is fixed for November 13
and 14 next. Mr. Longhurst, 87, Western Road,
Brighton, is the Honorary Secretary.
Entomological Notes. — The British
Council of Education, says an American paper, has
established a committee of economic entomology,
and among other able members appointed are Pro-
fessor Huxley, Professor Westwood, Professor
Wrightson (President of Downton College of Agri-
culture), Mr. Dyer (Sub-Director Kew Gardens), and
Miss Ormerod.
Almonds Fruiting. — It is worthy of re-
mark that, while standard trees of stone fruits growing
in the open, and especially Plums, are almost desti-
tute of fruit, many of the Almond trees growing in
the suburbs of London are laden with fruit. They
can be seen in places bearing]clusters of fruit ; but per-
haps sheltered positions may have had something to
do with it, the trees escaping the baneful effects of the
terriflc gale of last March, Almond trees are gener-
ally found in forecourt gardens, where they are to
some extent sheltered by dwellings, and also by
neighbouring trees.
The Royal Jersey Horticultural and
Agricultural Society. — This Society celebrates
its jubilee year by holding its fiftieth anniversary
on Tuesday, August 21, and four following days.
The horticultural and agricultural exhibition ex-
tends over two days. There is to be a jubilee
banquet, a concert in the hall of Victoria College,
excursions to various parts of the island, inspections
of gardens, &c., terminating with a ball on Friday,
August 24. The programme is a very spirited one,
and English horticulturists contemplating a holiday
might spend one agreeably in visiting Jersey on this
occasion.
Polygonum amphibium. — To the un-
initiated this native plant, as seen on dry land and in
water, is scarcely if at all recognisable, so diflferent
is the habitat, and altered its general appearance.
On dry land the stems assume a decumbent or ascend-
ing direction with narrow leaves ; but on water, as is
to be seen on one of the pieces of ornamental water
in Richmond Park, the leaves are much broader and
floating on the surface, while the stems also present
the appearance of a true aquatic. The dense oblong
heads of pink flowers just emerge for a distance of a
few inches above the water, and are so abundant just
now as to be quite gay and effective even at a distance.
It is figured in English Botany, t. 436.
Mr. Bennett's Pedigree Roses. — Some
of our Rose loving readers may be interested to know
that one of Mr. Bennett's seedlings has recently been
the subject of a trade bargain, which in magnitude we
imagine has not before been exceeded in this, if in
any other country where a Rose has been the sub-
ject bartered. We believe we are divulging no
secret when we state that an enterprising Philadel-
phia plant merchant, Mr. Evans, has bought half
Mr. Bennett's stock of the crimson Tea Rose,
William Francis Bennett, for .^750, and has legally
bound himself not to sell or otherwise dispose of any
bud, cutting, or scion, but only the flowers, for a term
of four years. The Rose in question is not much
known, except to those who have visited Mr. Ben-
nett's Rose nursery at Shepperton, or previously at
Stapleford, but it has made its mark in Covent
Garden and other markets, many thousands of its
bloom-buds having been sold at highly remunerative
prices. As we have before stated, it is one of the
most persistent of winter bloomers. As with Welling-
ton's soldiers at Waterloo, so it is with this Rose —
when one bud is cut off another quickly takes its
place. It partakes largely of the Niphetos form, and
is a glowing crimson in colour. When we remember
that in America, Roses in winter realise sums that
make the English grower's mouth water, it needs no
great stretch of imagination to convince us that Mr.
Evans' speculation most soon prove a profitable in-
vestment,
Nuphar advena. — No ornamental water>
however natural the surroundings may be, is com-
plete without some patches of Water Lilies, and there
are few places of any pretensions but can boast of our
native ones (Nymphsa alba and Nuphar lutea) at least.
They make an admirable contrast, and when located
a little way off" the margin in a sheltered quiet creek
or bend of a river or lake, nothing could be more sug-
gestive of repose. The subject of this note is even
more handsome than N. lutea, and a far more vigor-
ous grower. It is figured in the Botanical Maga-
zine, t. 684, and some large patches in the pleasure-
grounds, Kew, have a bold and massive appearance,
from their great leathery leaves, some of which float
on the surface, and others are borne clear out of it on
stout petioles. The outline of the flower is rather
broken by the irregularity of the sepals (two or three
of them being smaller and green), but this is more
than compensated for by the deep orange-red stamens,
that remind one of the corona of a Passion-flower. In
N. lutea these are of the same yellow colour as the
sepals. The petals, unlike those of the Nymphreas,
which play so prominent a part in the appearance of
the flower, are in this instance small and inconspicu-
ous, because hidden by the stamens.
Indoor Plants at the Chad Vale
Nursery, Birmingham. — In one of the houses
Lapageria alba is in a condition such as this free grow-
ing climber is but rarely met with. It is planted out in
a long bed occupying one side of a long house, where
a portion of the shoots are layered, and others let to
occupy a good part of the roof : these last-named
were thus early — the middle of June — blooming in a
way it is only now and then met with even later on in
the season. A single shoot had forty-seven flowers on
it, the whole side of the house being hung with the
pure white drooping bells. Plants that give all the
year round a succession of flowers for cutting receive
especial attention. Amongst these Tuberoses are grown
in quantity, and very successfully, potted at various
times, so as to have them all the year ; those
wanted for November are potted in March, they are
started in bottom-heat, but kept quite cool at the top.
A quantity of the African roots in bloom were
unusually fine, bearing quantities of large flowers.
Nicotiana tubiflora is grown so as to bloom all through
the winter ; it is raised from seed, and is a much more
refined flower than N. affinis, and is amongst the
sweetest flowers grown. Of Calanthe Veitchii and
vestita there are quantities in wire baskets hung up
close to the roof, where they produce bulbs
and flowers proportionately much stronger than
when further from the glass. Eucharis Candida is
being grown in quantity ; its flowers, smaller than
those of E. amazonica, are by many on that account
preferred for bouquets. Gaillardias are here largely
grown as pot plants ; struck from cuttings and
flowered in 4 or 5 inch pots they are very effective.
Cyperus laxus variegata is well managed, and, as was
obvious when first this pretty variegated plant made
its appearance, it is one of the best small-growing
fine-foliage subjects for decorative purposes. Solanum
jasminiflorum is also cultivated in numbers. This is
one of the purest of white flowers, not near so well
known or so often met with as it deserves to be ;
blooming in succession as it does in a small state, it
should find a place in every warm greenhouse.
Nepenthes and Orchids at the Bir-
mingham Botanic Gardens.— In the stove a nice
collection of Nepenthes is doing well, producing
pitchers freely. In the house with them was a fine
variety of Anthurium Andreanum, with large highly
coloured spathes. Orchids of both the warm and
cool sections, of which there is a nice collection being
got together, are thriving satisfactorily, flowering as
they invariably do when grown in light houses and
kept well up to the glass. Cattleyas of various
species and Lslias, with Aerides, Dendrobiums,
Cypripediums, and others that require considerable
warmth, go to make up the collection. Of that most
useful winter blooming Orchid, Ccelogyne cristata,
there is a large stock, thriving beautifully. The
coolest section, comprising Odontoglossum crispum,
0. Pescatorei, and others of like character, with Mas-
devallias, Disa grandiflora, and other cool kinds, are,
as they should always be, located in a house where
shade, air, and moisture in accordance with their
requirements can be given them : they thrive and flower
equally well with the warmer section. The elegant
Russelia juncea is here grown in small pots, its bright
tube-shaped drooping flowers offering an agreeable
contrast to anything else with which it may be asso-
ciated.
Mandevilla suaveolens. — Planted out,
this rambling evergreen climber makes a fine subject
for trelliswork or the rafters of a conservatory. Owing
to the great length the stems attain, the plant never
gives satisfaction if its cultivation is attempted in pots,
and flowering as it does towards the extremities of the
shoots no pruning should be resorted to before it has
done flowering. The size of the pure white flowers,
however, and their fragrance constitute it a plant
worth the attention of growers. A flowering specimen
in the greenhouse at Kew is noticeable amidst the
many climbers that enliven that structure, and keep
up a constant succession of bloom for the greater part,
if not the whole year round. Many of these are far
more floriferous and perhaps more valuable from a
horticultural point of view, on account of the quantity
of flowers to cut from or otherwise ; but this one,
having a long tube and expanded limb to the corolla,
gives it an uncommon appearance. This, the only
species, is figured in the Botanical Register,
1840, 7.
Galactites tomentosa. — Although origin-
ally introduced about a century and a half ago, this
annual Composite is rarely seen occupying its proper
place in the flower border. If sown early in the spring
and thinned out to a proper distance where crowded,
it is a plant that would repay the attention. This is a
practice, however, which is too seldom attended to, and
the consequences are starved plants, small flowers,
and a short blooming period. This species is figured
in the Annates dii lilitshun cfHistoire Naturelle, 16,
t. 9, and is flowering on the new rockery at Kew,
where, owing to its natural branching habit, the
purple flowers will keep up a successional display
for some time. The spiny cut leaves are beautifully
variegated all along the midrib and principal veins
with a milky-white colour, while the underside is
densely felted with a white tomentum. The species
was by some of the older botanists included in the
genus Centaurea, from which it is easily distinguish-
able by the feathery, not simple pappus.
Dasylirion glaucophyllum. — Notwith-
standing that several species of this genus have been
introduced from time to time under various names,
the uses to which they could be put in gardens
should warrant their being more frequently seen.
They are quite as graceful if not more so than many
of the long narrow-leaved Cordylines, so much used
in some places for relieving the stiffness and formal
appearance in the flower as well as the sub-tropical
garden. Several species of this genus could be
utilised for the same purposes, where their spiny
serrated leaves would certainly tend to vary and
give the plants a mixed appearance. The present is
one of the stronger growing and most useful as well.
A noble specimen has been in bloom in the succu-
lent-house at Kew for some time, the flowering stem
of which has been let through an opening in the roof.
The small fuscous coloured flowers are produced in a
sub-fusiform panicle of several feet in length, while
the slender glaucous leaves hang gracefully all around,
and are remarkable for the peculiar way in which the
spines on their margins are directed forwards, making
it almost impossible to thrust one's hand into the
centre of them.
Mitchella repens. — Although an old in-
habitant of English gardens, this little creeping Cin-
chonad might be far more frequently met with than it
is. The slender leafy shoots creep along, rooting in
the ground, which it covers with a dense evergreen
carpet. Once established it soon occupies a consider-
able space, and is by no means unattractive. It
might be employed to carpet the ground under trees
or on shady banks which are not too dry. Although
not absolutely necessary, as the plant is by no means
fastidious, yet a good admixture of peat would greatly
assist it by retaining the mojsture, and encouraging
July 21, 1883,]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
83
fresh roots on the young growths. In its native
country (North America) it occupies large tracts of
ground, extending from 28° to 69° N. lat. A patch
of it on tlie new rockery at Kew acquires addi-
tional interest by being dotted over with its twin
axillary flowers, which are pink in bud and white wlien
open. The plant is figured in Catesby's Natural
History oj Carolina^ i., t. 20.
Genista elata. — In parks or pleasure-
grounds where plants are wanted for distant effect,
few subjects of the kind could be more appropriate,
growing as it does to the height of some 10 or 12 feet ;
while in healthy, vigorous plants, every spray or
slender shoot is terminated by a short raceme of
flowers. A bold specimen planted here and there,
even in a shrubbery border, where it might slightly
overtop the neighbouring bushes, would have a con-
spicuous and telling effect at this season amidst the
varied shades of bloom and leaf tint. It is a subject,
moreover, that will bear close inspection, being in no
way characterised by coarseness of habit ; and when
covered with its small, somewhat silky leaves and
rich yellow flowers, the long, twiggy branches arch
over as if weighted down by them. It is sometimes
considered as a variety of G. tinctoria, and, if so,
certainly a giant form, and well worth cultivating.
Specimens may be seen in many parts of the pleasure
and botanical grounds, Kew.
Cienkowskia KiRKii.— Some plants of this
Scitamineous stove flowering herb are noticeable
amongst the other occupants of the X range at Kew
for the great size and showiness of their flowers.
These owe their conspicuous character to the three
inner segments of the corolla, which are of a delicate
mauve, fading to white at the base, with a bright
yellow spot on the lower one, as well as on the anther
crest. These two spots are so contiguously situated
to the stigma that Nature seems to have meant it for
attracting and guiding insects for the purposes of fer-
tilisation. The individual flowers are not very endur-
ing, but successionally developed from a spike that
springs directly from the root, apparently quite inde-
pendently of the leaves. The latter, however, are
developed contemporaneously with the flowers, unlike
those of some species of K.-empferia, a closely allied
genus, which produces the flower-spikes first and
afterwards the leaves. The leaves of the present
plant are ovate-elliptic, deep green, and ample,
adding in no small degree to the appearance of the
plant. It is a native of East Tropical Africa, and
was introduced to Kew from Zmzibar, where it was
flowered some ten or eleven years ago, and was
figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 5994.
Nymph.'ea alba var. rosea is perhaps the
most handsome of all hardy aquatics cultivated in this
country. A plant in the outdoor tank at Ivew is now
a fine sight, nearly a dozen of its large flowers being
expanded at one time. There is no doubt that every
cultivator of hardy aquatic plants would be glad to
find a place in his collection for such a striking addi-
tion to his treasures as this Water Lily, which only
diflers from our common white one in the deep
rose-red colour of its flowers. It is a native of
Sweden, where it is only known to exist in one
remote lake— Lake Fagerlarn, in the parish of Ham-
mer. Fries, the great Swedish botanist, has recorded
his opinion of the beauty of this plant by writing on
the tickets accompanying the specimens in his Her-
barium Normale, the Latin equivalent for " the
largest and most beautiful flower in Europe, emulating
the Victoria." The specimens in question retain their
fine red colour, and measure 6 inches in diameter. A
figure will appear in the Botanical Magazine.
A Few Fine Ivies.— Planters should acquire
that grand Ivy, Hedera amurensis, whose enormous
leaf and rapid growth render the plant of great ser-
vice in covering unsightly objects, and for covering
arbours, &c., quickly. A good example can be seen
at the Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale. Hedera
palmata aurea, and H. aurea spectabilis, are also
good kinds amongst the rapid strong-growing sorts
with variegated foliage. Their growth is somewhat
less vigorous than that of H. algeriensis or the first-
named kind. Amongst Ivies of a dark or purplish
hue of foliage there is nothing more effective than H.
atropurpurea, a comparatively new plant, with ex-
ceedingly dark leafage and moderate growth, which
make it admirably suitable for low walls ; and H,
rhomboidea is a dark green very close growing kind.
The form of the leaf in this last-named variety is very
pleasing and distinct.
WoKMiA BuRBiDGEi. — Manygrowcrs do not
seem to succeed well with this charming stove shrub,
which grows so freely at Kew. Even for its large,
somewhat leathery, deep green oval leaves, it seems
worthy of a place in a select set of stove plants. The
flowers are, however, very showy; they measure about
3 inches in diameter, are of a pale golden-yellow
colour, with the exception of the numerous stamens,
which are nearly white. It is a native of Northern
Borneo, and was introduced by Messrs. VEiTcn
through Mr. BURiilDGE, after whom it was named by
Sir Joseph Hooker, who described and figured the
plant in a recent volume of the Botanical Alagazine.
The present species is the only one which has hitherto
found its way to European gardens.
Genista .TiTNENSIS. — Among the flowering
shrubs now in bloom in the Kew Arboretum this
species certainly occupies a place in the first rank for
its graceful habit and the profusion with which its
slender branches are clothed with golden-yellow
flowers. In Loudon's Arboretum 2 feet to 4 feet is
given as limit of height, but many bushes at Kew
measure lo feet or more. Few more pleasing shrubs
could be selected for the ornamental shrubbery, and
the additional recommendation of its flowers being
produced when nearly all its relations have long been
past ought to lead to its being more generally
planted.
Agri-Horticultural Society of Ma-
dras.— The following extracts from a recent report
will be read with interest ; —
" During the time referred to the Society has intro-
duced, experimented with, or distributed, in addition to
curious and ornamental plants, large numbers of valu-
able trees, plants, and vegetables of known economic
value, particularly Persian Date Palms, the Copal Var-
nish lr.ee, African Oil Palms, Mahogany, Landolphia,
Ceara rubber, Carobs, Brazil-nuts, Sapucaia-nuts, Queens-
land-nuts, Water Chestnuts, Cocoa, Cinchona, Cloves,
Nutmegs, Liberian Coffee, Bahmie Cotton, plants for
fibre and paper-making. Eucalypti, and grasses and
fodder plants.
' ' Ploughs, scythes, galvanised wire, canvas and rubber
hose for irrigation, pumps, syringes, and other agricul-
tural and horticultural implements have been imported
or obtained, and distributed to various places in India
and Burmah.
' ' Gardeners have been engaged and sent to employers
in India and Burmah, and many boys are constantly
being trained in the gardens.
" The already magnificent botanical collection belong-
ng to the Society is being almost daily added to, and a
new botanical garden has been laid out and maintained.
" A very extensive correspondence on botanical,
arboricultural, agricultural, and horticultural subjects
has been kept up for the purpose of diffusing informa-
tion ; and the monthly Proceedings of the committee
have been regularly printed and distributed to members
of the Society, other similar bodies, and to persons
inierestcd in the various subjects to which they refer.
"Publications on economic plants and their culture,
and catalogues of plants and garden and other requsiles
have been obtained from, or voluntarily sent by the pub-
Ushers and added to the Society's library {which, though
limited, forms a much used source of information on
arboricultural, agricultural, and horticultural subjects),
or sent to persons requiring them.
" Botanical specimens are given freely, whenever
asked, to local professors and lecturers, and scientific
visitors, and the Botanic Garden is believed to be of great
service to the students of the various botanical classes.
"The Society acts, and is largely employed, as an
agency through which persons at a distance obtain
supplies of fruit, avenue, shade, and other trees, plants,
and seeds, and annually obtains and forwards to all parts
of India, and often abroad, large quantities of grafted
Mango and other trees, and seeds of many useful plants,
particularly Inga dulcis, Casuarina, Cotton, Tobacco,
Senna, forage plants, Maize, and other cereals.
"The Society is often honoured by references from
Government and the Board of Revenue for information
on horticultural and kindred subjects ; and is frequently
able to be of use to commissioners, collectors, and other
authorities in distant provinces.
" Details of the Society's more important work will be
found in the monthly Proceedings which are regulary
supplied to Government ; and concise statements thereof
are published in the annual reports.
" The increasing interest of the natives in the objects
of the Society, and their marked success in imitating its
European supporters, may be gathered from the number
of prizes won by them at the Society's annual shows as
detailed in the lists annexed to the annual reports ; while
the s.ale-books show that if the natives do not join the
.Society as members in such numbers as is desirable,
they contribute handsomely to its support by bi-ing large
purchasers of seeds, plants, &c.
"The extensive and increasing work done by the
Society is carried on by an unpaid officer, for pure love
of the work, in his hours of leisure from the onerous
duties of an important public office, and that the work
so done is the work of the State."
Malvastrum calycinum. — This is the
Malva calycina of the Botanical Register, t. 297,
vol. iv. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and
should not be trusted out in the open air throughout
the average British winter. The flowers are nearly
li inch in diameter, of a pleasing rosy-pink colour.
Well grown in the cool conservatory it attains a con-
siderable size, and flowers very freely, making a
thoroughly showy ornamental plant. It was received
at Kew under the name of Malva fragrans, a species
which is now placed under Malvastrum, and which
is totally distinct from M. calycinum,
Tachiadenus carinatus is a handsome
Genlianwort, originally introduced into this country
from Madagascar by the Rev. Mr. Ellis, to whom
our gardens were first indebted for so many rare and
curious plants, amongst which may be mentioned the
two species of Lattice-leaf, Ouvirandra, and that
wonderful Orchid Angrrecum sesquipedale. Tachia-
denus "carinatus was, however, probably soon lost to
cultivation, and the credit of its reintroduction is due
to Messrs. Vkitch. It has beautiful rich purple
flowers of considerable size, and is well worth a place
in the most select collection of warm-house plants.
It is now in flower at Kew.
The Weather.— General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending July 16, issued by the Meteorological
Ofiice, London : — The weather has been generally
cloudy and cold. Severe thunderstorms have been
experienced in almost all districts, and in several
instances the accompanying rainfall has been very
heavy. The temperature has been below the mean in
all parts of the kingdom, the deficit over Ireland and
in most of the English districts being as much as 4° or
5°, and in Scotland and the north of England 2° or
3°. The maxima, which were recorded during the
earlier days of the period, varied from 71° to 72" over
the greater part of England, but elsewhere they were
no higher than from 66° to 6S°. The minima were
generally registered on the 15th or i6lh, and were
unusually low for the season. In the "Midland
Counties " and in the east of Scotland the thermo-
meter fell to 39°, in " England, S.," to 40°, and in
most other districts to 41°, 42°, or 43°. The rainfall
has been a trifle less than the mean in " Scotland,
E.,"and "England, N.W.," and about its normal
value over central and north-eastern England, but
elsewhere a decided excess is reported. Bright sun-
shine, which has been more equally distributed than
of late, has varied from 43 per cent, of the possible
duration in "England, N.W.," and 39 per cent, in
"Scotland, W.," to 30 per cent, in the "Midland
Counties" and " Ireland, N." Depressions observed :
— Barometric pressure has again been comparatively
high and steady over the southern parts of our area,
while over our islands, Denmark, and Scandinavia
depressions— generally small and ill-defined — have
followed each other in quick succession. The winds
most prevalent during the first part of the period
were between S. and W. in direction and moderate to
fresh in force, but on the 13th a fresh westerly or
north-westerly breeze had appeared on our northern
coasts, and subsequently became general in all dis-
tricts.
Gardening Appointments.— Mr. J. Mur-
DOCK, lately Gardener at The Heys, Leek Wooton,
Warwick, as Gardener to A. PI. Welch Thorn-
ton, Esq., Beaurepaire Park, Bishopstoke, Hants.
Mr. Murdock was Gardener at The Heys for over
ten years, and on leaving, in consequence of a change
of proprietorship, was presented with a handsomely
bound volume of Chisholm's The Hemispheres'^^ the
members of the Leek Wooton Reading Room. — Mr.
J. Cleare, lately Foreman at Stoke Rochford, as
Gardener to Lord Sudeley, Toddington, Gloucester-
shire,
84
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[July 21, 1883.
PLANTS IN FLOWER.
Epipactis rubiginosa. — This is a very pretty
Orchid, native of the United States, and is now
flowering very freely in a damp peat bed in association
with E. gigantea, E. multiflora, and other hardy
Orchids. The following description, taken from a
nice tuft, will serve to identify the plant :— Leaves at
the base ovate or ovate-oblong, the upper ones more
or less lanceolate, closely resembling those of Cypri-
pedium parviflorum. Flower-stems from 9—12
inches high, racemose, with from six to twelve
flowers; bracts from i — i^ inch long, lanceolate ;
pedicels shorter than the ovary, and like the latter
dark brown, and covered with small glandular hairs ;
sepals 6—8 lines long, i\—2 lines wide, ovate-lan-
ceolate, brownish-purple ; petals rather shorter, ovate-
oblong, white, tinged with purple ; labellum horizontal,
scoop-like, longer than the sepals, 3-lobed, the termi-
nal one much the largest, subcordate, copiously
undulate or fringed, white with a central yellow
blotch ; the lower part of the lip white, veined with
purple. This is certainly one of the numerous
Orchids amenable to cultivation without any pro-
tection, and a most interesting and pretty one it is.
Shade and moisture in a compost of peat, leaf-soil,
and sand are its chief requirements. T.
Alstromeria aurea. — This is one of a very
numerous genus, and it is quite hardy. Several
others will stand in sheltered spots, but this will
thrive in exposed as well as favoured situations.
Many tufts are now crowded with flowers quite
exposed to wind [and sunshine. It is an extremely
pretty plant, with rich emerald-green foliage, and
large cymose heads of deep orange-brown flowers 8 — 9
inches across, with deeper coloured veining. Most
serviceable are these flower-heads for decorative pur-
poses, as the individual flowers are erect and upon
stiff pedicels, and there is ample space between
the flowers for the introduction of other flowers or
small ^Fern fronds, when they are very charming.
The majority of gardeners, whose utmost exertions
are frequently over-taxed in finding a sufficient
quantity and variety of flowers for cutting, are not
even aware of the existence of this and a host of
other plants invaluble for the purpose. T.
Campanula Portenschlagiana.— A very pretty
dwarf tufted species, with acutely lobed leaves, and
short-stalked flowers, produced in such profusion as
almost to hide the greenery ; the flowers are com-
paratively large for such a small-growing plant, more
open than those of the pusilla series, of a pleasing
blue. In my opinion it is one of the best of the
dwarf bell-flowers, either for the rockery or warm
border. It is readily increased by division or cut-
tings. T.
Campanula pulla is another little gem with very
dwarf leaves and slender flower-stalks, from 2 — 4
inches high, bearing solitary drooping bell-shaped
flowers of a deep rich purple colour, but in the
coloration it varies materially, as I have seen every
shade from deep purple to pale blue, and botanical
authors tell us there is a pure white variety ; indeed,
we are in possession of a plant sent us as
pulla alba, from the Tyrol, but which has not grati-
fied us with even one flower this season, so with the
patience of a parent one must await full development ;
it is worth something to see the plant look happy. T,
Campanula Rainerl — This is by no means a
common species. A friend of mine the other day
inquired if I would like a " clump " of Campanula
Raineri. Of course I would. But after the trouble
incident thereto it was nothing more than C. turbi-
nata ; and I am sorry to say that the latter is
generally sold for C. Raineri, which is, how-
ever, very diff'erent. Although in the flower bearing a
striking resemblance to the flower of C. turbinata, it
is much dwarfer, and not nearly so free-growing ; the
leaves are much smaller, and very different in form ;
the flower-stems are much shorter, and bear leaves
quite up to the flower — in fact, clothed with small
tomentose leaves, while in C. turbinata the flower-
stalk is nearly naked, having only two or three small
leaves upon it. The form of flower differs slightly, and
is much larger in proportion to the sizes of the two
plants. A very curious fact about the two is that
while slugs devour most greedily C. Raineri, they
leave untouched a plant of C. turbinata close to it.
The subject of this note is very rare, and requires a
well-drained position upon the rockery in light, rich,
porous soil, where it will not fail to establish itself. T,
Asteriscus maritimus. — This is not quite hardy,
coming as it does from the South of Spain ; but it
should be treated as a hardy plant through the
summer, and I mention it because it is particularly
showy upon the rockery from the present time
onwards; my plants are just becoming covered with
flowers. It has a spreading habit, producing a mul-
titude of axillary capitula, 2 inches or more across,
both the ray and disc florets bright yellow ; the rays
being even and spreading, the flower has a very
circular outline, and is very serviceable in a cut state,
lasting a long time. As well as being very useful for
the rockery, this plant will make an excellent ground-
work for beds in a warm, dry position, as it is evident
it enjoys such a place. Cuttings taken in early autumn
root freely in a cold frame, and the young growth of
spring will root even more freely if placed in gentle
warmth. T.
SCABIOSA GRAMINIFOLIA. — This is a very pretty
and scarce Scabious, with narrow silvery foliage, and
numerous lavender-blue capitula on peduncles about
9 inches or rather more high. Of tufted growth, the
foliage is extremely pretty, especially in combination
with the soft tint of the flower heads. I have now a
large plant, quite 18 inches through, and it is, and
will be for some time, very pretty. A more robust
species is S. caucasica, with larger leaves, and flower-
heads 3 or 4 inches in diameter, of a brighter blue
than the last, and very durable. This is one of my
greatest favourites either for the border or rockery,
while it is so very nice for cutting. It is easily raised
from seed, procurable from Mr. W. Thompson, of
Ipswich. T.
SciLLA MARITIMA, or as some prefer to call
it, Urginea maritima, is now in flower in the cool
division of the economic-house at Kew. It is not a
particularly showy species, but is of some commercial
importance, its large bulbs being known in medicine
as squills. Quantities of the dried bulbs are im-
ported into this country from Malta and other places
in the Mediterranean region. In medicine these are
used as a diuretic in certain forms of dropsy, and
also as an expectorant in coughs. Fresh squills are
very acrid, causing irritation, and even vesication of
the skin — in very large doses the principle acts as an
acrid poison.
MiRABiLis MULTIFLORUS. — This very fine her-
baceous plant was raised from Californian seeds by
that successful introducer of new and rare outdoor
garden plants, Mr. W. Thompson, of Ipswich. It
forms a compact bush about iS inches high, has dark
green leaves, and handsome bright purple flowers. In
the Botany of California this same plant, figured in
the Botanical Magazine^ t. 6266, is referred as a
doubtful form to M. multiflorus var. pubescens, but
differing from that in being more glandular pubescent,
and also in the form of the leaves and fruit. In Cali-
fornia the flowers of M. multiflorus remain open from
4 o'clock in the afternoon until 9 o'clock in the
morning. Now in flower in the herbaceous depart-
ment at Kew.
CEnothera YOUNGII. — Most CEnotheras are either
rather tender, or shortlived, or lose themselves by con-
tinually running away from the spot in which they are
planted. These characters make the genus trouble-
some to cultivate. There are, however, two or three
exceptions. The species known as CE. Fraseri or CE.
fruticosa — names which aregenerally used indifferently,
whether rightly or not — is so hardy and healthy that
it will bear any amount of rough usage, submitting to
be chopped in pieces with a spade, and flowering
freely in any soil or situation. OE. Youngii is a far
superior plant to it, and though not quite so easy to
increase, may be multiplied sufficiently for any garden
by careful division of the roots. The flowers are
larger, brighter in colour and more freely produced ;
the stalks are slenderer and bright red ; and the plant
has less tendency to become coarse, seldom exceeding
2 feet in height. Being so similar to Qi. fruticosa,
it makes that plant superfluous in my garden ; but
considering differences of soil and climate, I wish no
one to take my advice on these matters without grow-
jng the plants to be compared side by side, and
iudging for themselves. Another little CEnothera, of
the easiest cultivation, producing abundance of little
yellow flowers through the summer, and seldom
exceeding I foot in height, is CE, pumila. It may
be cut to pieces as freely as CE. fruticosa, and seems to
like the treatment. C. Wolley Dod, Llandudno,
CEnothera Fraseri. — The note on CE. spe-
ciosa by " T.," at p. 40, suggested to me that this
species is worthy of at least equal praise, and ought
to be grown in every collection of herbaceous plants.
They are both natives of North America, and there-
fore quite hardy. We had large masses of it in
our garden at Loxford Hall, but owing to the plants
being moved during the very cold weather we had
last March, some are dead, and the rest are rather
weakly. It likes deep rich light soil, in whch it
will 'grow 2 feet jhigh, and produce its deep yellow
flowers in great masses. I fancy this is the hardiest
of all of them. One of the showiest plants in out
border at present is the red-coloured form of Achillea
millefolium. It grows very freely in any soil, but
favours a deep rich loam, where the deep green finely
divided leaves set off the umbels of bright red flowers
to the best advantage. It continues in flower from
May until quite late in the season. Arnebia echioides
has made very good growth, and is flowering freely
this year. I fancy this plant does not stand well out-
of-doors during the winter. It is described in one
book on herbaceous plants as being "a handsome
border plant, not easy to keep." I lift the plants in
the autumn, pot them, and protect them in cold frames
for the winter, and plant out again in the spring.
There is no difficulty in keeping it, or to grow it well
in this way ; but when grown under glass greenfly
attacks it and speedily cripples the plants. J, Douglas.
LiNARiA cymbalaria MAJOR. — This is much
superior to the normal form, but, like it, is one of the
easiest plants to grow, and is excellent to cover old
walls, or to trail over masses of rock. It is also a
good pot-plant, and is now flowering freely with us.
L. ALPINA is also very pretty. It is a small-grow-
ing plant with purple flowers, marked with red on the
lip. It is well adapted for rockwork, and is peren-
nial, but flowers freely the first year from seeds, J,
Douglas.
MR. SCHNEIDER'S ORCHIDS.
In the cultivation of Orchids, more than most
things, it often happens that beginners pay for
their learning by more or less of the plants they
attempt to cultivate failing to grow so well at first
as when longer acquaintance with them has been
acquired. But there are exceptions, of which the
nice collection of these plants formed recently by Mr.
Oscar Schneider is an example. Some four years have
elapsed since a beginning was made ; the plants now
fill four medium-sized houses, and are altogether in
excellent condition. It is well to mention here that
the right course was taken at the commencement by
the erection of houses of the right description, afford-
ing plenty of light alike by their construction and
the equally important matter of position, by their
being away from any objects which inferfere with
the light, such as trees and other buildings, the
baneful influence of which near plant-houses can
never be too often urged. It is needless to say that
Orchids are not likely to be well grown, even in the
best adapted houses, without skill and attention, but
suitable structures are half the battle, for all the know-
ledge and care it is possible to give the plants in dark,
indifferent houses will never give results approaching
those which are attainable where the places in which
they are located are equal to their wants. The collec-
tion here is strongest in the intermediate and the cool
sections of the family ; much the greater portion have
been acquired as imported, and no better evidence
need be forthcoming of what can be done in a short
time with imported plants than is afforded by the
quantities of Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Odontoglos-
sums, and others, especially the first-named, which
are pictures of healthy vigour, forming masses of roots
that lay hold of the potting material like Brassavolas,
the bulbs and leaves as stout and thick as if growing
in their native country, and, as a matter of course,
flowering proportionately. Amongst a number of
plants of that most variable of Cattleyas, C. Mendeli,
in bloom, was a beautifuljdelicate coloured variety, in
which the large orange blotch on the lip was combined
with the faintest suffusion of purple, setting off the
broad, pure white sepals and petals to advantage. Of
C.Trianje there are many excellent examples, some of
which, only imported twelve months, are as strong
and fully established as if they had been as
many years in the country ; C. exoniensis, C.
July 21, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
85
Schilleriana, C. Wallisii, C. Eldorado splendens,
C. Warneri, C. MossIk, C. bulbosa, C. Warsce-
wisczi, C. Dayana, and most of the popular species,
many of which were in bloom. Especial note must
be made of C. superbiens, a plant which many find a
difiicuUy either in getting to grow at all, or, if it
succeeds for a time, having a disagreeable habit of
getting out of condition. There are several examples
here, four years imported, during which time they
have gone on increasing in strength until the bulbs
have attained a thickness almost equalling those of
stout examples of C. Skinneri. They are grown in
baskets suspended over the path, close to the roof, on
the south side of a span-roofed house, standing ends
east and west. Nothing could surpass the healthy
condition they are in, with every promise of retain-
ing their vigour. They flower twice a year. Mr.
Holmes, the gardener here, may well be congratu-
lated on his success with this charming but ticklish
species.
In Dendrobiums, which thrive beautifully, were
a couple of plants of D. Falconeri, only imported
last year, and yet as full of flowers as this
lovely and distinct species is often met with
where it has been a number of years in the
country. Amongst quantities of plants of the various
genera that bloom about this time was the scarce
Oncidium phymatochilum, and the distinct-looking
Cyrtochilum stellatum, with its star-shaped straw-
coloured flowers, possibly more remarkable for the
few who succeed in blooming it than for the individual
beauty of the flowers, which, although pretty, are
not equal to many Orchids ; but it may be looked
upon as no bad test plant, as, where found to bloom
regularly, it is where the general treatment is such
that a continued healthy existence of those associated
with it may be reckoned on. Another species that
does not succeed with every one, Brassavola Digbyana,
is in fine health, a moderate-sized specimen having
three very strong scapes. Here, too, is the Dove-
plant, Peristeria elata, with seven spikes ; this also
requires plenty of light and enough air for a time daily
during the growing season to dry the atmosphere of the
house fairly, for although it may be grown so that the
bulbs get as large as big Turnips, still, if it is at all
coddled with a continuously over-moist atmosphere
whilst growing all the drying and pinching possible
will not cause it to bloom.
Cypripediums thrive well, having clean stout healthy
foliage indicative of the ability the plants possess
to flower freely. The collection includes most of the
best species and also varieties, of which this fashion-
able family now number so many. There is likewise
a nice lot of Odontoglots which also give evidence
of their liking the treatment to which they are sub-
jected. Many of the spring-flowering species were
in bloom ; among these may be named O. crispum,
O. Pescatorei, O. triumphans, and O. radiatum.
Masdevallias include the best species and varieties of
the handsome as well as the curious flowered section.
Amongst Lslias, which in common with the rest give
unmistakable signs of their excellent condition, may
be n4med L. anceps, which forms bulbs of the right
description — stout and thick. Orchids, like other
plants, do the best where those collectively interested
are fond of them, and take a real interest in their
wellbeing ; it is evident that here both employer and
gardener conjointly are actuated by this feeling, the
result of which is to be seen in the excellent condition
of the collection. B.
FRUIT NOTES.
James Veitch Strawberry at Birdhill. —
This is an excellent time to arrive at a concensus of
opinion as to the largest and best Strawberry for
general purposes. There are many large collections
in this locality, and with most of them for miles
around I am acquainted. Making every allowance
for difference of aspect, culture, soil, and general
method of treatment, for the general garden crop this
Strawberry I conclude to be one of the largest, if not
the largest, heaviest cropper, and among the best
flavoured, and in this respect superior to President,
Marguerite, and Vicemtesse Hericart de Thury.
Mr. Laxton's I have not yet seen. I have weighed
nine, taken promiscuously in Mr. Cough's garden at
Birdhill, near this town, and they have turned the
scale at I lb. I am sure I might have found heavier.
W. 7. Murfhy, Clonmel.
Pear Doyenn£ de Ramegnies.— The Bulhtiit
d' Arboriculture publishes a coloured figure of this
Pear, which was raised by M. Norbert Bouzin, of
Ramegnies- Chin lez Tournai. The fruit is sym-
metrically Fear-shaped, with a short stalk j skin
olive-brown, russetty; flesh fine, buttery, vinous.
October and November,
j4o/v1E j!^ORREgPOJMDEI^CE.
Sander's Orchid-Pan. — The Orchid pan, for
suspending, has been a great favourite ever since
its miroduclion, as by using it dwarf plants,
which cannot be grown on blocks, can readily
be brought near to the glass and yet receive
the requsite amount of moisture which could not be
retained by them were they grown on blocks. But
two objections have been repeatedly urged against
the Orchid pan — the first and most important being
that the three wires for suspending, which were at-
tached to the rim of the pan, brought together at the
top and turned over to form the hook for suspending,
were always in the way, and that wherever tender
leaves touched them (and it was impossible to prevent
their doing so) they were injured ; the second objec-
tion was that freely imbibing Orchids in the growing
season got dry too soon. To remedy both these
defects Mr. F. Sander has devised a new kind of
hanger which is extensively used in his large Orchid-
Fic. 15. — Sander's orchid-pan.
houses at St. Albans, and of which we herewith give
an illustration (fig. 15). The hanger is composed of
a single rod with a hook at the top and with a disc
of zinc the size of the bottom of the pan at the other
end ! the rod is passed through the hole in the bottom
of the pan, which slides down it and rests firmly
on the zinc disc, as on a round table. The
disc is concave on the upper side and convex on
the lower, so that it retains water under the Orchid
pan as it were in a shallow saucer. This is of
great service in hot weather, and when such an
arrangement is not desirable the insertion of a small
piece of crock between the disc and the pan allows
the water to pass off in the usual way. In Sander's
Orchid-hanger it will be seen there is but one rod,
and that being in the middle of the pan it is useful as
a stake to fasten anything to which might require it,
and as the plants always have a tendency to hang
over the side of the pan such a position is the only
one in which it could be placed to be out of the way.
It is very cheap, we understand, which is another
thing in its favour. We have for our illustration
pushed the rod down to separate the disc from the
bottom of the pan.
Boxes for Sending Plants by Post.— This is
becoming a more important subject than ever to gar-
deners. Country postmasters have been directed to
inquire of those whose correspondence is extensive
what use they are likely to make of the parcel post.
My reply, when asked, was, that it depended upon
the way in which the post used my parcels. My past
experience of sending plants by post has been any-
thing but favourable, but for some reason boxes posted
abroad generally arrive in a far better condition than
similar boxes posted in England ; and if I have an
offer of any choice little plants I generally beg they
may be sent by railway, preferring to pay the carriage
to risking their being smashed. No box which I
know is proof against the terrible ordeal involved in
delivering the letter-bags whilst the train is running.
Tin boxes come quite flattened ; paper boxes, made
in Liverpool expressly for the purpose, are often
broken ; and cylindrical chip boxes, bound with tin
hoops, arrive in two compartments, split across the
middle. I do not say that it is always so, but the
proportion is large enough to be very annoying.
Miniature hampers succeed best, and are light, and
their contents may either be wrapped in oiled paper
or packed in damp sphagnum, of which the wet will
not come through the wicker-work. If these hampers
could be made as cheap as boxes of wood or paper
they would no doubt be more generally used. But
with a little care in arrangement, and if enclosed in
air-proof material, plants travel well by post without
any box at all. I had several packets of Eritrichium
and choice kinds of Androsace sent in letters of ordi-
nary size from the Alps last autumn, many of which
are now flourishing, and include some of the finest
pieces of A. glacialis I ever saw in cultivation. Mr.
Harpur-Crewe sent me others in the same way from
the Pyrenees, which are doing equally well. As a
contrast to this I have had plants sent less than
100 miles, which have arrived as dry and as dead as
hay for want of some air-proof cover, whilst others
have been burnt to charcoal by being packed in wet
grass which has fermented, instead of damp moss,
which never ferments in quantities small or large. I
certainly shall do all I can to encourage railway
company plant carriage in preference to postal, until
I find that more care is taken of packets sent by post
than is done at present — at least, by English post-
ofEce authorites. C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas,
July 14.
Hardy Orchids.— I am glad to observe that hardy
Orchids are attracting some little attention, and Mr.
Webster is doing good service in bringing them under
the notice of your readers. A few years ago I began
to cultivate these, commencing with Orchis foliosa,
the handsomest of the tribe. Two clumps of three
crowns each were purchased and planted in a partially
shaded and moist bed specially made up with a con-
siderable admixture of peat and leaf-mould. Now
they are handsome clumps, each with twenty spikes.
This species delights in a deep moist loamy soil. In
the same bed there were planted upwards of two
dozen other sorts, principally Ophrys, Orchis, and
Serapias, purchased last summer from a grower in
Italy. The number of tubers received of some of the
species was considerable, two dozen in several
instances. One half the larger lots were planted in a
comparatively dry bed, containing a large proportion
of peat, the ordinary soil of the garden being a light
loam— the other half, together with all the smaller lots,
being planted in the moist bed. The result has been
that in the dry bed, nearly every tuber grew and
flowered well, but the moist bed was almost a total
failure. Among these, however, there were none of
our common strong growing sorts, such as Orchis
maculata, O. mascula, O. bifolia, &c., which will
thrive in almost any soil. I give the result of my
experience for the benefit of any one who may wish
to cultivate this class of plants, and I shall be glad
to give the name of the grower in Italy of whom
they can be purchased at a moderate price to any one
who desires it. So far as I know only a few of the
sorts can be obtained in this country. P. Neill Fraser,
Murrayfield, Ediiilmrgh.
The Potato Disease.— Mr. Horsefield is, without
purposing so to be, an amusing correspondent. He
first sounds an alarm with respect to the possible ap-
pearance of the Potato disease, quotes fulIyMr. Jensen's
proposals for the protection of the Potato crops from
disease ; and having done so, as he stales, for the
benefit of new readers, boldly declares that he does not
believe in that which he has so carefully reproduced for
the benefit of others. But he bases his scepticism of the
value of protective earthing, not upon any fair test of
its merits, for no test has yet been offered, but simply
upon the fact, that seeing what he takes to be the
disease in the American Beauty of Hebron, gives the
plants protective earthing, and finds no benefit. But
is it really the Potato disease from which his Beauty of
Hebron is suffering ? It appears to be the case that
this early American kind is almost everywhere suffer-
ing this year from the same affection which some few
years since was found in another American kind, and
of the same family as the Early Rose. This affection
is seen in stunted growth, speckled, rusty-looking
leafage, and presently its final disappearance. It ii
86
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
noteworthy that this affection is not contagious, for
whilst plants here and there have died away, the
others have grown and remain healthy as ever. It
is doubtless remembered that considerable discus-
sion arose over the nature of this form of disease
at that time — if disease it be— and it was called
by some a new disease ; by others it was attri-
buted to the effects of the Peronospora spores that
had lain dormant in the seed tubers. Others yet
again attributed it to the eating of the stems by grubs
and wireworms ; and, still further, it was attributed
to injury from cold whilst the shoots were yet in a
tender condition. What seems most probable is that
the family of American Potatos to which the Hebron
and the Rose belong is a peculiarly tender one, though
I may add that I have found in a lesser degree similar
features in the Queen of the Valley, an allied variety,
also this year. The spring was not at all a warm one,
or favourable to Potato growth ; indeed, though the
tops now, as a rule, look so robust and healthy, the
tubers were very late in starting, and as the early
winter was mild, and promoted spindling on all these
precocious American sorts, no doubt the shoots which
started after planting were weaker and tenderer than
usual on many sets ; and hence, what with the cold-
ness of the ground, and the check to growth found in
the low temperature of the air, these early tender
Potatos suffered so far as to render them incapable of
development, and they have died. That the ordinary
disease has nothing to do with the aiBiction seems
evident from the fact that the seed sets have been
found to be quite firm and sound. Whenever the
fatal black spot is seen on the foliage we shall be
assured that the real disease is at hand, and that will
not take one and leave one, but will soon make a
clean sweep of every plant. A, D.
Herbert's "Amaryllidacese." — In the Gardeners'
Chronicle of July 7, under the title of "Botanical
Meetings," it is mentioned that at a meeting of the
Lancashire Association of Botanists, held at our Free
Reference Library, attention was especially called to
the above well-known and valuable work as having
been " recently acquired at the suggestion of one of
our number." Please let me mention that more than
two years ago, surprised at the work being absent
from the chief library of the Dean's adopted city I
personally called the attention of the authorities to
the subject ; also that, in November last, as the work
had not then been procured, I inserted in the Mati-
Chester City News an enquiry as to where I could see
the book, and especially alluded to its absence from
the Athenreum and the Free Reference Libraries —
both of which would, one might suppose, have long
possessed it. When but a lad I read of the work
in Loudon's Gardeners' Magazine, and for (eheii
fugaces!) forty years have longed to see it, H. B.
Biden, Sale, Cheshire*
Herbaceous Garden at Kew. — This garden
would benefit by more intercourse with the herbarium
department, where the correctness of the names given
to specimens is above suspicion, though this is far
from being the case in the growing specimens. In
fact they label things with the name under which they
receive them. Could not this be remedied ? Culti-
vator*
Yellow Corn Kale, or Mild Mustard. — I cannot
very well tell with how much labour I tried to extir-
pate this weed in green and grain crops, gardens, and
wherever it appeared. There are two varieties here
— one with rough foliage and firm tap-root, that takes
some trouble to hand-pull. The name in the ver-
nacular (Irish) is Preihaughwe, and there is a firm
conviction in the minds of many farmers and gar-
deners that the seed will remain in the ground for
ages, and when exposed to the air at once, winter or
summer, vegetates " right off." Would some of your
readers who may have thought over the matter kindly
say if this is so ? Others maintain that winds or birds
distribute it. It would save much trouble and expense,
too, if any one could suggest a less troublesome or
expensive remedy than hand-pulling. I have seen
parties in corn fields lop off the head when nearly
ripe with sickles, W. J. Murphy,
Seedling Figs.— A correspondent ("W.") of the
Gardeners' Chronicle sent some seedlings of the
common Fig to the Editor, who forwarded them to
me, together with the following note : — " I have read
Mr. W. B. Hemsley's notes, &c., on the Fig, at
p. 22. With regard to seedling Figs perhaps I
may be allowed to mention that I am not unfamiliar
with them, at least of one variety — the White Mar-
seilles. I enclose you a few specimens. They are
very small, and escaped the fingers of the gar-
den boy, who, unfortunately, weeded the border
where some hundreds were growing of much
larger size. I have no doubt this crop of seedling
Figs sprang from the contents of a dry earth closet
which was applied to the border, under glass, as a
top-dressing. Has Mr. Hemsley examined any second-
crop fruit of the White Marseilles for fertile seeds ?
When grown under glass, the second or autumn crop
of fruit rarely drops, and being grown and matured
under the influence of more light and heat, the deve-
lopment of the fruit may be more perfect." The
plantlets sent are, it would seem, undoubtedly seed-
lings of the common Fig ; but their earth closet origin
does not prove that they proceeded from Figs of
English growth, yet I suppose, from his communica-
tion, that "W." is of opinion that they did. Of
course nothing short of a direct experiment would be
conclusive I have not had an opportunity of examin-
ing any of the second-crop fruit of the White Mar-
seilles variety. There are two or three questions to
answer, namely — Are perfect male and female flowers
found in the same fruit (receptacle) of any variety of
the edible Fig ? Do English-grown Figs produce
seeds capable of germination ? If so, are the embryos
the result of sexual fecundation, or are they adventi-
tious ? The presence of perfect male flowers is not in
itself sufficient to answer the last question. If it be
true that when male and female flowers are present in
the same receptacle they are not functionally active at
the same time, and that the females have passed the
receptive condition before the males are fully deve-
loped, then it would be necessary for fertilisation that
some agent should convey the pollen from one recep-
tacle to another. W. B. Hemsley,
The Bracken (Pteris aquilina). — This beauti-
ful native Fern is so well known that it may seem
unnecessary to call the attention of your readers to its
merits, but that is not by any means the case, as but
very few are aware of its great value as a decorative
plant for the embellishment of the flower garden and
pleasure grounds. Having recently had the pleasure
of looking through the gardens at Munstead Park,
near Godalming, the residence of Mrs. Jekyll, I was
delighted with the effect produced by the aid of this
Fern in the grounds there. Here " feathery Brackens
fringe the rocks." Yes, and the beds and paths too ;
fine breadths of it interspersed with stately groups of
Mullein and white Foxgloves, large bushes of Sweet
Brier, now covered with blossom ; groups and single
specimens of the Birch and Scotch Fir, single and
double Furze, masses of Poppy, of red Foxglove,
Alstromeria, Lilies, Scotch Roses, and Delphiniums
of every shade of the most dazzling blue and purple.
These are principally the materials used to produce
garden scenery of surpassing beauty — materials that
are within the reach of almost all who have a garden
to beautify. But what struck me most particularly in
these gardens was the very clever but apparently
simple manner in which commonplace things are
employed, with such fine effect, to show up and
heighten the beauty of the natural features of the
place, especially the liberal manner in which the
Bracken is used, and the prominent position it holds
as a decorative plant — a, position as here demon-
strated, it so richly deserves. H, H.
Thrum-eyed Primroses.— If I am right, that it is
an accepted theory that thrum-eyed Primroses and
Polyanthuses, especially the old blue Polyanthus, do
not bear seed, I can testify to the contrary, as I have
seedlings germinating from seeds of the old blue
Polyanthus as well as from other thrum-eyed
Polyanthuses and Primroses. Max Leichtlin, Baden-
Baden. [The theory — fact rather — is, not that thrum-
eyed flowers do not bear seed, but that on the average
they do not produce so many or such good seedlings in
the long run. Ed.J
Free Trade or Fair Trade. — I beg to send you
a Dutch bulb catalogue, with a notice from the
grower offering gentlemen's gardeners a bribe of
20 per cent, on all accounts of £,10 and upwards,
&c., goods carriage-paid. The said catalogue was
sent to a gentleman's gardener in this neighbourhood
and handed to me. J. C. [Comment on the morality
of this system of trading is superfluous. Ed.]
Grape Growing at Clovenfords. — The Vines at
the Tweed Vineyard are again in splendid condition,
the various houses containing very fine and remarkably
even crops of fruit. The long corridor devoted to the
(much abused by some) Duke of Buccleuch is simply
perlection, the bunches being of good size, and the
berries very large. In all the other houses the crops
are equally fine. Mr. Thompson at one time grew soft-
wooded plants largely, but the houses that were used
for 'that purpose are now devoted to the culture of
Orchids, and well they are grown. Vandas, Acrides,
and Saccolabiums are growing luxuriously, Cattleyas
and Lcelias also ; the cool Orchids, especially Odonto-
glossums and Masdevallias, are all well cared for.
Noticeable also in one of the houses is a fine plant
of Anthurium Scherzerianum Knightii, very bright
in colour, with enormous spathes. This is one of the
finest varieties I have ever seen. Should any one be
near Clovenfords let me advise him to visit this well
kept establishment, and I am sure he will be more
than gratified with his visit. A. O.
I
lapts' Il0ui4r».
Herbaceous Calceolarias. — Generally speak-
ing, seeds of herbaceous Calceolarias are sown in July,
but some growers, and they not among the least
successful, say, sow in June : the main reason
assigned being that a sowing made in this month pro-
duces the quickest, strongest, and most robust plants.
That is undoubtedly a very satisfactory reason indeed.
Calceolaria seeds germinate quickly, and to a very
great extent simultaneously, that is, presuming the
seed to be new and good. Sowing is a simple process
— clean well drained pans or pots, a good free, rich,
firm, and yet porous soil, used sufliciently moist as
not to require water — the seeds distributed evenly and
thinly, for the grains are exceedingly minute ; and
when this is done they should be covered with a mere
dusting of fine earth. Then, when placed in a cool
place with a pane of glass over each, and shaded if
necessary, the seedlings will begin to appear through
the ground in nine or ten days. A successful grower
of the Calceolaria stated that he prefers the moist
shady part of a vinery, as the position for the seed
pots.
Beyond this point cultural directions are scarcely
necessary; for it is a topic touched upon by most writers
on floriculture. This, however, can be stated with much
truth — the seedling Calceolarias are far too much
coddled and drawn in a young state, and then the
plants become weakly, and very often do not get back
to a vigorous state again. One authority on the culti-
vation of the Calceolaria puts forth a timely caution to
growers when the plants are ready for their first trans-
planting from the seed-pots— " There is a singular
fact about Calceolarias at this stage of their growth
that is well worth bearing in mind. With many
objects it is a safe rule to use the robust seedlings and
throw the weakly ones away. That practice will not
do in the case of Calceolarias, or some of the most
charming colours that can grace the conservatory or
greenhouse will be lost. The strongest seedlings
generally produce flowers in which yellow largely
preponderates. This can easily be verified if the
plants are kept under separate numbers. But it must
not be inferred that because the remainder are some-
what weaker at the outset that ultimately they will
not make robust plants. It is our practice to prick
off from each pan about three times, and to do this
with the shortest possible intervals."
It is during autumn and winter that the cultivator
of the Calceolaria finds some difficulty in managing
the plants ; many have to grow their plants in a
crowded house mingled with other subjects, and they
are rarely satisfied with the result. It is not to be
wondered at. If they have to be wintered in a house
containing other plants it is best to give them one
end of it, and that end where they will obtain plenty
of light both at the top and sides. If severe frost
threatens care must be taken that the plants are
properly protected from harm. There is no doubt
that Calceolarias are best wintered in a frame,
where plenty of air can be given in mild moist
weather, and fire-heat applied when it is wet, cold,
and frosty. In such a position the plants can be
fumigated readily and with ease, which is a great
advantage. If the plants can be brought safely
through the winter the after cultural requirements
are straightforward enough.
And now the question arises — Have we made any
substantial advance with the herbaceous Calceolaria
during the past ten years ? On the whole there is no
doubt that some appreciable gain has resulted, though
it is not so marked and so decided in character as it
was in the previous ten years. It must needs be so
with popular flowers that have reached a certain
degree of development ; after that the progress made
is much more gradual.
When in Reading in May last I inspected a batch
of herbaceous Calceolarias at the Portland Road
Nurseries of Messrs. Sutton & Sons. The plants
filled a large house, and they had been raised from
seed taken from carefully fertilised flowers of the
previous year. Altogether there were about 200
specimens growing in 6, 10, and 12-inch pots,
all of the most robust habit of growth ; the largest
plants nearly a yard through, with just a few
slight stakes to support them here and there.
There was no attempt at tying out as for exhibition
purposes, a natural spreading, yet erect habit was
July ar, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
87
perceptible in all. A close examination of these
plants showed that they could be arranged in three
divisions : — 1st, those having erect trusses of blooms,
that is, the flowers standing out in a horizontal
position ; 2d, those with drooping [lowers, the trusses of
being scarcely so symmetrical in appearance as the first
division ; and thirdly, a division with a distinct and
pleasing brnnching habit, the plants broad at the base,
sending forth strong shoots laden with fine trusses of
flowers. The flowers on this batch were mainly self-
coloured — crimson, pink, yellow, mnroon, bronze,
creamy-white, brown, amber, magenta, &c. Self-
coloured Calceolarias of deep hues of colour are
generally fine and striking. Many of the flowers were
two-coloured or parti-coloured, and they varied in the
spot ; some were large, others like small punctures of
colour, and many were marbled and laced in natural
patterns hard to describe. Even some of the prevail-
ing fashionable colours in dress were found in these
Calceolarias ; there was the strawberry-squash in a
lively and attractive form. We have no doubt there
is greater density and endurance in many of the
colours, and this is being attained, and can be more
largely secured by careful fertilisation.
The seeds of these plants were sown in June and
July of last year, raised in an old spent hotbed, and
pricked off as soon as large enough on four consecutive
occasions. This is a necessary process, as the plants
of strongest constitution, such as brown and yellow,
will be in the van of rapid growth, and can be grown
on for early blooming ; the second and third batches
will be of slower growth and choicer quality, deserv-
ing, and they should have, extra attention. As a rule,
the later plants do not grow vigorously until the new
year, when they dash ahead if carefully grown, bui
bloom later than the first batch.
One sometimes sees Calceolarias in such a poor
condition that it must be the result both of bad man-
agement and unsuitable soil. In cultivating this
flower, good drainage, sweet fibrous loam and leaf-
soil, with the addition of sand, are indispensable.
A successful grower has stated that manure is not
needed n the fyoung stage of growth, and is best
employed in ia liquid state to established specimen
plants.
Over-potting must be avoided as much as neglect
in potting soon enough, and over-crowding should
never occur. It is much better to have a few well
grown plants than a large number of ill-conditioned
ones. Fumigation should always be done when the
plants are making their growth, as it is then aphis do
so much mischief. And at the last potting more loam
should be used than in the earlier stages of growth,
and the soil should be pressed more firmly about the
plants, taking care to leave space enough for top-
dressing. As soon as the flower-buds appear it is a good
plan to thin out the crowded leaves so that air and
smoke at the time of ventilating can penetrate the
entire plant ; the plants should be kept as cool as the
season will allow, giving air on all necessary occasions,
in winter opening the lights on the side oppo-
site to that from which the wind may be blowing.
Drip from the roof of house or pit must be avoided,
hot sunshine and cold draughts of air are also in-
jurious. Slugs do much damage at times, and in
common with other noxious vermin should be hunted
out and destroyed.
More than thirty years ago Mr. Henry Major, a
noted grower of Calceolarias in his day, wrote as fol-
lows : — "I know no family of plants in which so
many distinct varieties may be produced without per-
plexity or confusion, nor one in which so many
decided improvements have been made as regards
form, markings, and richness of colour. And still
much remains to be done ; and I think we ought to
be particularly careful, while we aim at perfection,
not to discard for some trifling defect new, rich,
and distinct varieties until decidedly better flowers
in the same class are produced. Up to the present
time attention to form has prevailed almost to the
exclusion of beauty and richness of colour in the
markings. Form is undoubtedly a great desideratum,
but beauty and richness of colour are, in my opinion,
at least its equals, and neither should prevail to the
total exclusion of the other." But in these days,
when it is the fashion in some quarters to ridicule the
florist as a narrow-minded, prejudiced, Old World
animal, there is much reason to fear everything is put
before form ; and in this respect Calceolaria raisers
are degenerating. Having secured so much let the
quality of form be once more insisted upon, and so
get rid of many of the flat, flabby, and flimsy flowers
that so greatly disfigure some of the collections in
these days of advancement. R. D.
The Cineraria. — Nearly everybody admires the
large masses of Cinerarias to be seen at our exhibi-
tions, and also in our greenhouses early in the year,
and those who are anxious to possess well-grown
plants should sec to them during the summer and
autumn. The plants exhibited by Mr. James, of
Farnham Royal, and which were the subjects of so
much admiration, were obtained from seeds sown in
July. I like to sow the seeds earlier than this. To
obtain good plants in S-inch pots, we sow our first lot
in April. The seeds sown in July will produce plants
to flower in 6-inch pots, and these are large enough
and early enough for some purposes.
In most large gardens a succession of flowers is
more important than a blaze of beauty for a limited
period. We have Cinerarias in flower from the first
week in the new year until the end of May ; and we
manage in this way : — The first batch of seedlings
sown in April are grown in two ways. One portion
of the plants are allowed to flower in 6-inch pots, and
are not stopped ; these, of course, flower earliest.
Another set are potted on into S-inch pots, and are
stopped when the flower-stem has grown a few inches.
Yet another sowing is made about the end of June, or
early in July. The named varieties must, of course,
be propagated by dividing the plants, or by offsets
from the roots. In many places the pressure of work
is over for the season, and time can be spared to give
that attention to plants of this kind that their merits
deserve. In hot dry weather greenfly is one of the
most troublesome pests, but it is not alone, as thrips
also attack them. These, of course, must be de-
stroyed on their first appearance, and fumigating with
tobacco-smoke is the best and cleanest way to get rid
of them. The potting of the plants must also be
attended to as required. If they become pot-bound
it takes several weeks before the plants make a start,
and they never do nearly so well as those that have
not received any check at all. By far the best place
in which to grow the plants is a low span-roofed pit ;
and if the lights can be removed from the roof entirely,
so much the better. The plants are benefited by
abundance of air, but it is not well to expose them to
all sorts of weather. A gentle shower of rain does
them good, but heavy rains would be injurious ; high
winds would cut the large leaves to pieces ; so that it
is necessary to have the lights convenient to place
over them. Our earliest plants are now ready to be
potted into 5-inch pots, and the latest ones to be
potted off' into small 6o's. The soil ought to be
light and rich ; decayed and dry cow manure is the
best.
The Calceolaria. — This plant requires very
similar attention to that for the above. The seeds
may be sown at the same time, and the plants be
potted on and grown the same way. This subject is
even more liable to be attacked by greenfly ; frequent
fumigationsa as a preventive answers best. The old-
fashioned practice of propagating named varieties
from cuttings is out of fashion, because the plants are
not grown to name, but are raised annually from
seeds. There is less trouble attendant on the culture
of Calceolarias from seeds than there is in keeping up
a stock from cuttings ; and seedlings generally pro-
duce the finest plants. The soft brittle leaves shrink
from too much exposure to the sun ; therefore if the
house is an exposed one a slight shade is necessary in
hot sunshine. A good plan is to grow the plants in
frames behind a north wall, or in low pits with a
north exposure during the summer months. In
winter a heated span-roofed pit is best, but the plants
dislike artificial heat even more than Cinerarias do,
and they are less liable to be injured by frost. We
sow the seeds at the same time as we sow the Ciner-
arias. They are very small, and must not be covered
too deeply — just a very thin sprinkling of sand will be
sufflcient. The seed-pots' ought not to be exposed to
the sun before the seeds vegetate, else they may be
dried up and injured. A good strain of seeds ought
always to be obtained ; the difference between the
price of good and bad varieties of seeds ought not to
be taken into account when purchasing. Of course
all the great seed firms fancy they each have the " best
strains ;" and doubtless they are careful to obtain or
grow good strains only. Some of them are able to
show the plants from which the seeds are saved grow-
ing in their own nursery-grounds ; so that for the
expenditure of half-a-crown for seeds the purchaser
can make sure of the best varieties in existence. Jas.
Doiit>las.
lUtitcs 0f "gaahs.
My Home Farm. By Mrs. J. Hill Burton.
(LoDgmans, Green & Co.)
This useful little book, by the accompli:.hed widow
of the Scotch historian, reminds us pleasantly of
Our Farm, of Four Acres, which was justly popular
five-and-twenty years ago. There is much of the same
shrewd practical advice with details of the writer's
personal experience. Mrs. Burton's adventures with
her two farm servants, both so excellent in every
way, except when drunk, are instructive enough,
She says, '* The vice is so completely the curse of our
country, that any one of exceptional powers found in
a humble position may be suspected to be a victim to
it." It would be going out of our province to review
at length Mrs. Burton's opinions as to the manage-
ment of horses, cows, poultry, and pigs ; but what
she says about making a profit from market gardening
is, we fear, only too true in many cases. " By
sending superfluous vegetables to the market, I could
always sell them at whatever might be the market
price. A cartload of vegetables and a dozen bunches
of flowers brought me from los. to 15^". That twice a
week, would seem worth having. But for that sum
one had to have two men, or man and boy, at the
market before six in the morning, along with the pony
with the loaded cart. At least the half of the pre-
vious day was spent by both man and boy in collect-
ing and packing the vegetables for market, and at
least one-half of the day on which they went to
market elapsed before they could set to any other
work. The money value of one day of two men,
a horse and cart, cannot be estimated at less than
10s. : in most places it will cost more. I therefore
calculated that the market price of vegetables at
our distance from the town did little, if at all, more
than pay for their transport ; that I had nothing at all
for the vegetables themselves, and did better, there-
fore, to use them either for house or animals."
We can recommend A/y Home Farm as a readable
and sensible book.
Kohler's Medizinische Pflanzcn, — Under this
title Mr. G. Pabst is publishing a series of coloured
quarto plates of medicinal and economic plants,
with descriptive text and references in German. In
the first part are good figures of Laurus nobilis,
Citrus vulgaris, C. Limonum, and Juglans regia
(Walnut).
Royal Caledonian Horticultural: Jtdy n.—
The midsummer show of this Society took place m the
Waverley Market, Edinburgh, Favoured with the most
lovely weather, the market was constituted the fashion-
able promenade for the dlitt of Edinburgh society during
the forenoon and afternoon, while in the evening the
vast building was thronged with orderly crowds of the
working classes. As to the show in itself no comparison
can be made with an exhibition of last year, for the
simple reason that none was held at this period, the
Society contenting itself with concentrating its efforts
upon the International display which took place later in
the season. But it may be said that one could hardly
conceive anywhere a more interesting or, indeed, of
a finer horticultural exhibition. There was plenty of
stuff, it was of the best quality, it was admirably staged,
and it was placed before the judges in the freshest,
neatest, and most artistic manner. The side spaces were
adorned with a row of Conifers and of variegated Hollies
and Golden Yews, the latter exhibited by Messrs. Ire-
land & Thomson. Down the centre of the hall was a
series of spacious tables furnished by the leading nur-
serymen of the city, with a circular platform in the
centre neatly festooned with greenery and bloom, in
which was placed the band. Flanking this central bank
were the exhibitors' tables, and the plants and flowers
were thereon artistically grouped. The vast semi-
circular space at the west end of the market was, as
usual, set out by the Lawson Seed and Nursery Com-
pany with a collection notable for its size and excellence.
A general assortment of Conifers in tubs and pots
formed an admirable background to a half-moon table
adorned with groups of plants illustrative of tropical,
semi-tropical, and temperate plant life. Palms and
Ferns and Eucalypti, for instance, rose above numerous
choice specimens of Caladiums ; these were intermingled
with Dracaenas, while the foreground was lit up with
Gloxinias, Begonias, and Pelargoniums.
On another table a most effective show of herbaceous
plants was made, in full and profuse bloom, and another
was taken up with a unique collection of the foliage of
all the varieties of our variegated deciduous trees — a
feature which found general approval for its novelty and
excellence. Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons, Royal Winter
88
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
Gardens, furnished a table whose chief feature was the
lordly specimens of Palms, Dracsenas, Screw Pines and
Yuccas, while colour was given to the lower stages by a
profuse display of Pelargoniums and Begonias. Beyond
the band stand was the admirable collection of Messrs.
Thomas Melhven & Sons, Leith Walk Nurseries. The
prominent plants here were Tree Ferns, Palms, and a
tall specimen of the Araucaria excelsa ; while Crotons,
Ferns — including several very nice examples of the Todea
superba — Hydrangeas, Pelargoniums, and Lobelias were
rouped with very telling effect. Messrs. Dicksons
Co., Pilrig Nurseries, were no less worthily represented
by a first-class colleaiion arranged by an artistic hand.
Standing clear above a mass of colour afforded by Roses,
bouquets of white, yellow, blue and red-purple Violas,
Fuchsias, Begonias, and Pelargoniums were gigantic
specimens ot Himalayan Rhododendrons, including the
massive Falconeri and Countess of Haddington ; and the
space between was neatly filled in with Palms, Pines,
Bananas, and. Tree Ferns. From Mr. Robertson
Munro, Abercorn Nurseries, came a handsome table of
old favourites in the shape of herbaceous and rock
plants, all in bloom. The Royal Botanic Gardens had
a table furnished with botanical rarities, which appealed
to scientific visitors. These rarities included a complete
collection of Sundews and other carnivorous plants,
and a selected variety of economic tropical plants.
Competitive exhibits were divided into two classes —
those staged by nurserymen, and those by gardeners
and amateurs. Taking the nurserymen's class in the
outset, we were struck with the tables of plants for effect.
Here the ist place was by universal acclamation accorded
to Messrs Ireland & Thomson, Craigleith Nurseries.
There could be no question as to its super- excellence,
whether the plants, their value or their condition be
regarded. If anything to our mind there was too great
crowding of the plants, which marred the individual
beauty of many of the finest ; but this is a fault — if
fault it be — when effect is considered, borrowed from
London, where massing is more studied than the art
of grouping individuals for subsidiary effective decor-
ation. The specialties of the collection were un-
doubtedly the Orchids, Ixoras and the Nepenthes.
Among the latter we noted a grand specimen of A.
Veitchii, with leaves 3I feet long — introduced two
years ago ; A. Mastersiana, introduced last year, with
pitchers r\\ inches long and 7^ inches in circumfer-
ence ; and A. Hookeri. Of the Orchids the best were
Cattleya Mossise, with its beautiful purple hp ; C. War-
neri exquisite in the rich deep maroon of its lip ; and
C. Mendeli, lighter than the last-named in its upper
petals.
There was a fine lot of Masdevallias, in capital
bloom, and the best of the Dendrobiums was last year's
introduction, D, Dearei, with pure white flowers ; also two
or three specimens of the Bee Orchis in characteristic
flower. The Cypripediums were especially good, the
most notable being C. Lawrenceanum, very beautiful
in the markings of the upper petals ; and C. Stonei,
with its characteristic long tails. Odontoglossums were in
variety ; and of the Anthuriums the newest was A. Waroc-
queanum, withleaves3^ feet long, Thissplendidcollection
embraced a fine lot of nicely flowered Ixoras, Heaths,
Crotons, decorative Palms, Stephanotis. &c. The same
firm were ist for four Palms, their specimens including
Kentia Fosteriana — an intermediate- house variety from
the South Seas, 10 feet high — and a very fine Phcenix
rupicola.
Honours for table plants were divided between
Mr. y. Sutherland and Mr. M. Mclntyre, but there
was nothing especially striking in their collections.
Messrs. Ireland & Thomson carried the day with their
Dracaenas, good young well coloured plants ; while
Messrs. Dicksons & Co. were 1st with a oouple o!
splendid tall and graceful Tree Ferns. The Lawson
Seed and Nursery Ccmpany maintained their ancient
renown for their Coniiers.
Perhaps the most striking competition among the
nurserymen from the point of view of the general public
was that for Roses. Growers from the North of Scot-
land, from the South of England, and from Ireland
were represented, and seldom has such a magnificent
display of the queen of flowers been seen anywhere
— never before in the capital of Scotland. For the
best forty-eight blooms there was the keenest tie
between two such reputed growers as Mr. H. Dickson,
of Belfast, and Mr. C. Tumei, of Slough, and the
judges hung long over the award. Finally the premium
was given to the Irishman, mainly on the ground of the
size and symmetry of his flowers, though it was admitted
that, if anything, the Slough lot carried the palm for rich-
ness of colour. It would be invidious to pick out any
special variety for special notice, but to judge from the
verdict of the crowds of ladies and gentlemen who sur-
rounded the stand all day long, it might be argued that
the dark varieties were the ^vourites. For the best
twenty-four blooms Mr. Turner had again to lower his
colours to Messrs C. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, Kent.
Their lot was scarcely inferior, ifat allin some individual
blooms the superiority was admitted — to Mr. Dickson's ;
while Mr. Turner's 2d prize two dozen exhibited form,
comeliness, and colour, which, in most competitions,
would have carried them to the front rank. Mr. Dickson
was again 1st for the best twelve distinct sorts sent out
since 1880, but he was run close by D. W. Croll,
Broughty Ferry. The latter gentleman comes from a
later district, and we daresay that, had the show been
two or three weeks later, both he and Messrs. Crocker
& Sons, Aberdeen, who were unplaced, would have given
the veteran Irish grower a harder pull for leading
honours.
Beginning our notice of the gardeners* exhibits with the
Roses, it may be said that these collections were
creditable in the extreme. Of course, in size and
uniformity, and in depth of colour, they fell far short of
such notable professional growers as Dickson, Turner or
Bunyard, yet this much must be conceded, that any show
would have had credit with the forty-eight blooms with
which Mr. R. Fergusson, Clermiston, carried off the ist
prize. The flowers were large and handsome, and if not
so close as might be, yet rich in colour, and staged in
fine order. Mr. Parlane's (Helensburgh) 2d prize lot
was unequal in merit. For twenty-four Roses, Mr.
Kirk, Alloa, was ist with a couple of dozen, less even in
quality than Mr. Fergusson's, but containing some
gems. The last named gentleman was 2d in this
class with twenty-four smaller blooms than his other
lot, but in some respects more compact and of heavier
cloth. Mr. Shiach, Lauriston Castle, was 1st for
the best dozen blooms ; only one in the lot
could be reckoned of second-class quality. The Tea
Roses were very good. We do not remember to have seen
a finer display of plants by gardeners than that for the
best fiuTiished table, 20 feet by 5 feet, effect being
reckoned the primary consideration. The first premium
deservedly fell to Mr. Jas. Grosart, Oswald Road, Edin-
burgh, for a table which for easy artistic arrangement
beat that of Messrs. Ireland & Thomson. The leading
plants were a Daemonorops in the centre flanked by a
pair of Cocos Weddelliana, and among those which gave
character to the groups of less height were the Orchids.
These embraced a particu^ly fine Cattleya Mossiae, an
Odontoglossum vexillarium, with twelve blooms of a
dehcate rose and white ; a Lseha purpurata, an On-
cidium Krameri, bearing however, only one flower so
like a butterfly as to deceive a bird. Among the other
plants which went to make up a most effective decora-
tive group were Gloxinias, Dracsenas, Cockscombs, inter-
mixed with Maidenhair and other Ferns. The 2d prize
was accorded to Mr. A. Paul, Edinbiu"gh, for a table not
so crowded as the first and therefore giving more scope
for the display of the individualities, so to speak, of the
plants. The default of the table was the lack of flower-
ing stuff— the eye demanded more colour to be satisfied
with due effect.
For a single Orchid Mr. J. Paterson, Millbank, was
awarded the premium, his specimen being a remarkably
cleverly done Disa grandiflora, with sixteen grand rich
scarlet flowers, with the upper petals beautifully striped.
Mr. A. Paul was 2d, with an Odontoglossum vexillarium
Klabochianum, with about fifty flowers, white and
pink in colour. Many thought that this was the better
plant of the two, but no doubt the judges took into
account that Mr. Paterson's Orchid demanded more
skill in rearing and bringing into bloom. Mr. Paul,
however, was an easy 1st for four Orchids, his specimens
being Odontoglossum superbum, O. vexillarium, O.
Skinneri, and Laslia purptu^ta. For two Orchids Mr.
J. Curror, Eskbank, came xst, with an Oncidium
macranthum nicely grown, and an Aerides virens pro-
fusely flowered. There was a remarkable table of Cycads,
the ist prize going to Mr. R. Grieve, Falcon Hall, for a
tall and beautifully grown specimen of the circinalis
variety. But Mr. Grieve had to play second fiddle to
Mr. J. Paterson for four Palms, the last-named excellent
grower's specimens being both large and of the newer
sorts.
Mr. Paul carried the honours for Caladiums and Achi-
menes, and he was equally strong in exotic Ferns. A
pleasing display was that of Ferns, both tropical and
British ; and in addition to the gentlemen named Mr. J.
Leyden, Mr. A. Anderson, and Mr. J. Cumming, St.
Roque, were well to the front with gigantic specimens.
There was a sparsity in the show of greenhouse plants,
but what were forward were of good quality. Mr. A.
Paul again carried leading honours for six stove and
greenhouse plants, his lot embracing an Anthurium
Scherzerianum with a score of spikes ; a good Leeha
purpurata, and a Clerodendron coccinea in luxuriant
blossom. Mr. J. Paterson was to the fore for the brace
of greenhouse plants, which were a large, excellently
trained Erica Shannoniana, one mass of splendid bells ;
and an Aphelexis macrantha, also covered with well deve-
loped flowers. Mr. A. Scott, Carbery Tower, carried
the day for four and six foliage plants, which in-
cluded a Croton, Palms, Cocos, Dracaenas, and a
Pandanus Veitchii. The whole class was excellent.
In the class for two foliage plants some surprise was
expressed that the ist prize went to Mr. George Kerr,
Glencaim, for two exquisitely marked Coleus, but there
could be no doubt as to these exhibiting the best cultural
art, though some imagined that other exhibitors had
finer — certainly they had costlier plants. Mr. J. Pater-
son occupied his wonted 1st place for Cape Heaths, and
it need only be said that they were perfect in manage-
ment and in flower. Of the minor classes it may be
stated that there was a large and on the whole a fine
display of Lilies, Fuchsias, Heliotropes, Pelargoniums,
and bouquets.
Considering the season of the year the show of fruit
was superb — equal, indeed, to anything that mc\y be
seen in ordinary years at the September exhibition. For
the collection of fruit Mr. George Johnstone, Glamis
Castle, was an easy ist with a magnificent lot,
which included Black Hamburgh and Black Alicante
Grapes, which for finish, size of berry and bunch
quite came up to anything he has ever produced ;
capital Peaches and Nectarines, Figs, and a Pine, which
was the only weak fruit in the collection. Mr. T. Boyd's
2d prize lot comprised a Melon, a basket of Strawberries,
a bunch of Bananas, a Queen Pine (small), and two
bunches of Grapes deficient in colour. For one Pine-
apple Mr. D. Murray, Culzean Castle, was ist, with a
good-sized Queen. Mr. George Johnstone carried the
palm for two bunches of Black Hamburgh Grapes,
exquisite in bloom, and no less excellent in size of berry
and bunch. For blacks of any other sort Mr. T. Boyd
was ist, with a brace of Madresfield Court, well
finished ; Mr. Dow's 2d being Muscat Hamburghs,
scarcely forward enough, Mr. Dow was, however,
ist for whites with a couple of bunches of Muscats, in all
respects first-class excepting an immaturity of bloom.
Mr. McKinnon, Melville Castle, and Mr. A. Young, were
ist and 2d, the former for Peaches and the latter for Nec-
tarines, the Peaches being especially fine ; Cherries were
good, the Strawberries unusually fine. Figs ripe and
luscious, and Melons, if small, of good flavour. There
was a highly creditable show of vegetables. {From a
Correspondent.)
Ipswich and East of England Horticultural.
— At last the spell is broken, and the misfortune that
always seemed to follow the Ipswich and East of Eng-
land show exists no longer, for on Tuesday, the loth,
instead of the usual wet, the weather was splendid, and
the Rev. H. A. Berners, the enthusiastic Hon. Secretary,
who has laboured so hard and so long to build up
the Society on a sound basis, must have rejoiced to
see his persevering efforts crowned with success, as
they now are, lor the entries were exceedingly
nmnerous, the company great, and the exhibition, in the
opinion of all, the best ever held in the place.
The site chosen for the fHe — in Christchurch Park —
was a most excellent one, as it lies on the crest of very
high dry ground, partly surrounded with magnificent
Limes, and interspersed with them or other noble trees,
which afforded the much desired shade and cool air for
the visitors and tents, and thus enabled the people who
thronged to see the show to enjoy it to the full, which
they seldom do under ordinary circumstances, when the
atmosphere of marquees is so close and stuffy, that all,
except the strongest, are glad to beat a hasty retreat and
get where they can breathe freely again in the open.
There could be no complaints, however, of this kind on
the occasion referred to, as the tents were not only cool,
but very commodious, especially that in which the Roses
and stove and greenhouse plants were staged, which was
of huge dimensions, so that all could pass freely in and
out, and promenade without inconvenience or discomfort.
The park itself is immediately contiguous to the town,
and though not of great extent is one of the most pictur-
esque and diversified it is possible to find, as the land
seems pitched about abruptly and naturally, and the
timber, though large and old, is in the rudest of health.
Some of the trees are remarkable for their gigantic pro-
portions, the Oaks, Limes, and Spanish Chestnuts — more
particularly one of the latter — being specially noticeable
owing to the peculiar swelling out towards its base,
where it measures quite 40 feet round, and there are
others that have strangely contorted trunks, and singular
twists of the stems. What added so much to the glory
of the exhibition was the Roses and the splendid fruit
brought from afar, many of the well known leading
men in the country were there, as will be seen when the
names of Cant, Paul, and Prince are mentioned among
the nurserymen, and the Revs. Foster, Melliar, Page,
Roberts, Pemberton, Mr. D. T. Fish, and Mr. G,
Palmer as amateurs ; while the chief struggle in the
pomological department was carried on between Mr,
Bethell, of Sudboum, Mr. Blair, of Shrubland, and Mr.
Allan, of Gunton Park, so that each had foemen worthy
of his steel.
Taking the fruit first it is not too much to say that
three better collections could hardly be staged, and the
competition was a very close one, and would have been
even more so had Pines been excluded, as they really
ought to be, to place non-growers on a more equal
footing when they measure their strength. As it was
Mr. Bethell won the premier award, Mr, Blair, gr. to
Sir G. Broke, Middleton, coming in 2d ; and Mr. Allan,
gr. to Lord Suffield, 3d. Mr. Bethell had superbly
finished Peaches and Nectarines, a rich looking, highly
coloured Melon, very fine black and white Grapes, Figs,
Strawberries, and a Pine. Mr. Blair had a similar lot, as
had also Mr. Allan, but no Pine, his Black Hamburgh
Grapes being simply perfect, as were Ukewise those he
showed in the class for three bunches, where he was an
easy winner. The ist prize for Peaches was carried off by
Mr. W. Beer, with very rosy and large Hale's Early, Mr.
Allan coming 2d with well ripened Noblesse. For six
Nectarines Mr. Allan was ist, Mr. Spooner, gr. to C.
Norman, Esq., Mistley Court, 2d ; and Mr. Rushmere,
gr. to Sir C. Rowley, 3d. Strawberries were well repre-
sented, Mr. Allan having some extraordinary Dr. Hogg,
with which he came in ist for the heaviest thirty-six,
beating a dish of the large coarse Myatt's Surprise,
For the best collection Mr. Tebenham, gr. to Lady North,
was placed ist, and Mr. Allan 2d, with a smaller lot of
very fine fruit. In the class for flavour the good old
British Queen stood at the head. Mr. Blair scored a
2d with the same sterhng variety. Excepting the fine
very large Bigarreau Napoleon Cherries contributed by
the last-named gentleman the exhibit of this fruit was
poor, but Raspberries and Currants were just the
reverse.
The competition in the plant department was not so
strong or close, and Mr. Bethell scored an easy victory
in both classes for eight and four, in the first of which
collections he had very fine plants of Bougainvillea
glabra, Clerodendron Balfourianum, Stephanotis flori-
bunda, Dipladenia Brearleyana, Azalea Henderson i,
and Ixora Williamsi. Messrs. Gilbert, of Ipswich, came in
2d, their best plants being a very large Erythrina Crista-
galli, Stephanotis floribunda, and Croton Johannis. Mr.
W. Sheppard, gr. to G. Packard, Esq., was placed 3d,
the most telUng specimens in his collection being a huge
bush of the large showy Chrysanthemum Ahce Crausse,
densely flowered ; and a well-bloomed Allamanda Hen-
dersoni. In the class for fine-toliaged plants Mr. Bethell
was again ist, showing Dracaena amabilis, Kentia Bel-
moreana, Croton angustifohus, and Cissus discolor ; the
Messrs. Gilbert runnmg a good 2d, a big Phormium
tenax Veitchii being the most notable plant of their four.
For six exotic Ferns the order was reversed, the Messrs.
July 21, 1883.]
THR GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
89
Gilbert being declared the winners, but they were closely
pressed by Mr. Bethell, who had among his a grand plant
of Davallia Mooreana in the perfection of health. The
premier prize for a group of plants, arranged in a space
12 feet by 4, was secured by Mr. Chenery, gr. to I>. H.
Booth, Esq., who had a very serviceable lot ; and in the
same class the Messrs. Gilbert had to be content with
second honours.
In the cut flower department all interest seemed
centred in the Roses, of which there was a magnificent
display, a row of boxes running along each side of the
centre table in a very long tent. The division between
was made with green baize, which formed a good back-
ground, but it would have been much better if a line of
Maidenhair Ferns had been used in its stead, as the
delicate tint of their fronds would have softened and
toned down the bright colours in front. The prize for
forty-eight was hotly contested, and the collections
of Mr. B. Cant, of Colchester, and Mr. F. Cant,
of the same place, were so close that the judges
had much difficulty in deciding, but finally the
coveted award fell to the first-named gentleman.
The stand of forty-eight contributed by Mr. Frank
Cant appeared to improve as the day wore on, and
seemed faultless throughout the whole lot, as they were
then perfect in finish and colour. The Messrs. Paul &
Son, of Cheshunt, who were 3d, seemed to have been
unfortunate in the carriage of theirs, as they had
evidently suffered in the journey, or from the weather
before they were packed. In the amateurs' class for
thirty-six Mr. G. Palmer, gr. to Captain Powell, of
Drinkstone, proved the victor, beating the Rev. H. T.
Frere and the Rev. A. Foster Melliar, who generally
shows in fine form. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton was
quite unapproachable in the twenty-fours, showing a
splendid bo.x of flowers of great substance of petal, with
a rich play of colour. The Rev. Page Roberts had also
a good lot in this class, and was 2d. In the twelves the
Rev. J. H. Pemberton was again to the fore, beating the
Rev. H. A. Berners, who, however, had several very fine
blooms. The most attractive exhibit in the tent was Mr.
B. Cant's box of twelve sorts, three trusses of each, and
a beautiful lot they were, as were also those of Mr. F.
Cant and the Messrs. Paul, who came in 2d and 3d.
Tea Roses appear special favourites with the ladies, and
no wonder, as they are of a more uselul size than per-
petuals, and their tints are delicate and lovely, besides
which their scent is delicious. Messrs. Paul, though
worsted in the other classes, were ist for these, showing
a splendid dozen, which were greatly admired. The
chief prize for the best stand of cut flowers for table deco-
ration was won by Mr. Palmer, of Drinkstone. For a
bridal bouquet Mr. Bethell was isl, with an exceedingly
choice one, made up principally with Lapageria alba,
Stephanotis, Gardenias, and Pancratium ; Mr. Palmer
coming in 2d with one composed chiefly of Eucharis,
TabernK-nionlana, and Gardenias. Messrs. Gilbert were
to tlie fore with a most tastefully made ball-room bouquet,
in which Orchids were freely used, and the same with the
one of Mr. G. Palmer's which was awarded the 2d
prize.
Herbaceous cut flowers were well represented, and the
stands, though far too crowded, contained many fine
things, and showed plainly what magnificent subjects
many of them are for decorative purposes either indoors
or out ; and the wonder is that plants bearing such a
wealth of floral beauty should have been allowed to
drop so much out of cultivation as they have, for whether
growing in borders or cut they are equally striking.
Instead, however, of exhibiting them on small stands,
such as used for Dahlias or Asters, they ought to have
treble the room, or be put in separate vessels of water, and
named, so that each bunch could stand out and be seen
distuictly, displayed in which way there would be nothing
to equal them in a show. In the class for twenty-four
the Messrs. Gilbert were ist, having in their collection
three fine varieties of Alstromeria, Delphiniums Brilliant
and Beauty of Peyrony, Dianthus hybrida muUifiora,
Geum coccineum flore-pleno, Campanula persicifolia
alba, Catananche bicolor, Gaillardia Richardi, Prunella
grandiflora, and Centaurea montana alba. Mr. |. Bux-
ton, who was 2d, had also a capital lot, in which the
lovely pure white old Lilium candidum figured con-
spicuously, but this stand lost much of its interest and
usefulness to visitors through not being named. In the
stands for twelve, S. Westhorp, Esq. , took the ist, and
F. T. Cobbold, Esq., the 2d prize.
Vegetables were not shown in such abundance as on
previous occasions, but for the special prize offered by
Messrs. Rands & Jeckel there wasagood competition, the
ist award falling to the lot of Mr. Bethell, and the 2d to
Mr. Lever, gr. to F. T. Cobbold, Esq. The sorts of
Peas exhibited consisted mainly of Magnum Bonum,
Telegraph, Telephone, and Stratagem, the first-named
lots all having fresh-looking pods of very large, sweet
and succulent, deep green Peas.
Twickenham Horticultural : July 10. — Thanks
to Sir John Astley's kindness this popular suburban
Society was enabled to hold its summer show in
the beautiful grounds of the Orleans Club, and this,
the third time of asking, proved a success, as the
show was good, the day delightful, and the attendance
excellent. As usual at suburban and metropolitan
shows there were some good trade groups, and these
are always interesting, as they include many choice
things and often novelties that would otherwise not be
publicly seen. Of this character was the beautiful piece
of Dendrobium superbiens, the flowers of an unusually
deep rosy-mauve hue, shown in the capital group of
plants put up by Messrs. Jackson & Son, of Kingston,
who also had several very fine Odontoglossum vexil-
larium, good Ericas, &c. Messrs. Hooper & Co.,
Twickenham, and Mr. W. Brown, of Richmond, had
charmingly arranged collections ; Mr. Laing, of Twick-
enham, a good mass of gay plants, and Messrs. Veitch
& Sons put up a large collection of superb cut Roses.
Mr. Bates, gr. to J. E. Mecks, Esq., Paulett Lodge,
Twickenham, grouped a fine lot of decorative plants also,
but being an active member of the committee he does
not show in the competitions.
The usual decorative mixed groups were a telling
feature, and were admirably done, Mr. Munro, gr. to
Lady John Chichester, Twickenham, having a very
effective armngemcnt — Mr. J. Parsons, gr. to T.
Twining, lOsq., of the same place, coming next, with a
very pretty group. Six admirable stove and greenhouse
plants in flower came from Mr. Hinnell, gr. to F. A.
Davis, Esq., Surbiton, who had superb examples of Erica
ventricosa, BothwelUana, and tricolor Wilsoni ; Phoeno-
coma prolifera Barnesi, very good ; Aphelexis macrantha
rosea, a fine Darwinia fuchsioides, and a big Aerides
odoratum. Mr. Munro had the finest lot of foliage
plants in huge Seaforthi.i elegans and Areca Verschaffelti,
large Dracrenas \'oungii and Baptisti, well-coloured Cro-
tons mnjesticum and Regina, both good. Six grand pans
of Achimenes came from Mr. Swallow, gr. to J. J.
Flack, Esq., Twickenham, one of which, the pure white-
flowered Margarita, was about 3 feet high, and nearly as
much through. It is grand masses of flowering stulTof
this kind that are so much needed at many shows. Mr.
MorrcII.gr. to J. S. Rutter, Esq., Richmond, had six
capital Fuchsias in Baroness, Mrs. Marshall, and Albert
Memorial, whites ; and of reds, Lord Beaconsfield, John
Gibson, and Galatea. The best six Begonias in com-
petition for Messrs. John Laing & Co.'s prizes came
from Mr. Munro, and were dwarf, admirably grown, and
very large-flowered plants.
There was a large competition in the fruit and vegetable
classes, and in the former section Mr. Munro was a good
ist with six fine dishes, his Black Hamburgh Grapes and
Gross Mignonne Peaches being exceptionally good. With
three bunches of good Madresfield Court Grapes Mr.
Thompson, gr. to Mrs. Wells, Hounslow, was an easy ist
in that class, Mr. Munro having small but capitally fin-
ished Hamburghs, Mr. J. Coombs, gr. to Sir H. Meux,
Sheen House, had in Muscat of Alexandria, of excellent
finish, the best white Grapes, Buckland Sweetwater being
also in good form. Mr. E. Lake, gr. to E. Ascherson,
Esq., Haversham Grange, had the finest dish of Peaches
in grand fruits of Noblesse, Violette Hative coming in
2d ; and in the Nectarine class the kind of the same
name, from Messrs. Waite, of Esher, and Heckle, of
Twickenham, were superbly coloured. James Veitch
Strawberry came ist and 2d in that class, and Hero of
Lockinge was both ist and 2d in the Melon class. Mr.
Thompson had a superb dish of Trophy Tomatos, and
Sutton's Victory of Manchester and Carter's Model were
the best Cucumbers.
There was a large number of the customary table
decorations, some very pretty, some otherwise ; some
sixty bunches of wild flowers set up in bewildering same-
ness by children, and, not least, a truly superb show of
cut Gloxinias in boxes of twelve bunches : the ist prize
lot, staged by Mr. Warwick, of Hampton, was such a
splendid lot of flowers as to evoke the highest admiration.
The cottagers also made a brave show.
Ealing Horticultural: July 11. — This annual
exhibition was held in the beautiful and most convenient
grounds of the Royal Indian Asylum, and the weather
being delightfully fine the attendance was enormous.
The district, including as it does the immense parishes
of Eahng, Acton, and Hanwell, with their teeming popu-
lation, is so wide that outside help is little encouraged,
but some liberal open prizes are offered for cut Roses,
which always bring a first-rate competition ; indeed, the
flowers staged at Ealing were as good as well could be.
In the class for twenty-four trebles Mr. C. Turner, com-
ing with fresh-cut flowers from Slough, was a good ist,
with superb blooms. We just noted as very charming
A. K. WiUiams, most brilliant in colour ; Harrison
Weir, Alfred Colomb, Camille Bernardin. Countess of
Rosebery, Marie Baumann, and Charles Lefebvre
amongst rich-coloured flowers ; and Baroness Roths-
child, La France, Marcchal Niel, Madame Laurent,
Duchesse de Morny, and Fran^oise Michelon. light
kinds. Mr. G. Prince, of Oxford, came 2d, with a
strong lot of flowers, and of diverse kinds were charming
blooms of Lord Macaulay, Louis Van Houtte, Sdnateur
Vaisse, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Captain Christy, Mdlle.
Marie Finger, &c. Mr. Rumsey, of Waltham Cross,
was 3d ; and Mr. Piper, of Uckfield, 4th.
A new open class for Tea Roses was equally filled,
Mr. Prince coming ist with a superb lot of blooms.
His dozen comprised Alba rosea, Mari^chal Niel, Sou-
venir de Paul Neron, Marie Van Houtte, Madam Lam-
bard, Comtesse Nadillac, Niphetos, Catherine Mermet,
Innocente Pirola, Souvenir d'un Ami. Mr. Piper came
2d. and Mr. Turner followed. A truly splendid lot of
Roses came from Messrs. E. Lee & Sons, Ealing Nur-
sery, and included a wondrous variety of good kinds.
Specially fine were the blooms of Magna Charta, rosy-
pink ; Mabel Morrison, Mdlle. Annie Wood, Countess
of Rosebery, Duke of Connaught, Pierre Carnot. and
others. From Messrs. Veitch & Sons also came a beau-
tiful lot of flowers that commanded the lullest admira-
tion. The local classes were also wonderfully well filled,
and Ealing folks have never seen there a finer display of
the queen of flowers. Mr. Hudson, gr. to H. J. Atkin-
son, Esq., Gunnersbury House, was placed ist amongst
several competitors, with twenty-four bunches and twelve
bunches of greenhouse flowers, and also occupied the
same position with a brilliant box of twenty-four bunches
of large-flowered Pelargoniums. Witli cut hardy flowers
Mr. R. Dean and Mr. G. Simpson were placed equal
ist, both having some beautiful Delphiniums, CEnothera
Fraseri, and, in the former stand, spikes of the Nettle-
leaved Campanula with double white flowers, were much
admired. There were large quantities of Sweet Williams,
Antirrhinums, and other cut flowers, and the dinner and
drawing-room stands were varied and more or less
elegant. Specially charming was a stand dressed solely
with wild flowers and grasses, sent by Mrs. Hayward, of
Ealing — a few blooms of the blue Cornflower, Buttercups,
O.x-eye Daisies, wild Roses, and some grasses, making
up a pretty arrangement. Stands dressed with garden
flowers were mostly too heavy — Roses, especially large
dark flowers, always unfit for epergnes, making the
arrangement lumpy. A tendency to largely over-dress
with Ferns and grasses is a common fault on the part
of lady decorators. Some very elegant stands set
up by Mrs. Hudson, but not in competition, secured well
merited admiration. Fruit was shown in good form, and
it may be anticipated that Mr. Hudson, who is always
strong in every department, was ist with six dishes,
having superb Madresfield Court and Foster's Seedhng
Grapes, good Queen Pine, handsome seedling Melon,
Lord Napier Nectarines, and splendid Black Circassian
Cherries. Mr. Chadwick, gr. to E. M. Nelson, Esq.,
Hanger Hill, came 2d with good Hamburgh and Buck-
land Sweetwater Grapes, Royal George Peaches, &c.
Mr. Hudson was 1st with two bunches of Ijlack (irapes,
his Madresfield Court being perfect. Mr. Baird, gr. to
C. A. Daw, Esq., Ealing, came next with fine but not
fully coloured Black Hamburgh. With two bunches of
white, however, Mr. Baird was a good ist, having a
superbly finished bunch of the Duke of Buccleuch,
berries of great size and clear skin ; and a hardly less
meritorious bunch of Buckland Sweetwater. Mr. Hudson
was placed 2d with fully finished Foster's Seedling, but
was an easy ist with Black Circassian and Bigarreau
Napoleon Cherries. In two classes Mr. Chadwick had
the finest two dishes of Strawberries in Eleanor and Dr.
Hogg — Mr. Stone, gr. to W. Mead, Esq., coming 2d
with fine President.
The plant tents were filled almost to crowding with a
grand display of stuff, foremost amongst which must be
placed the large foliage plants and Ferns, from Gunners-
bury House — Mr. Hudson, on this occasion, almost
excelling himself. His six Ferns included a majestic
Dicksonia antarctica, a tnily monster Gleichenia flabellata,
some 8 feet through, and perfect in form ; Davallia bul-
lata, of great size ; Lomaria gibba, Nephrolepis tuberosa,
and Alsophila capensis, all very fine specimens.
His six stove and greenhouse plants included a truly
grand Alocasia metallica, about 7 feet through, and
superbly done, perhaps one of the finest ever
seen ; a gigantic Croton vmdulatus, a good Bougain-
villea glabra, and a charming specimen Asparagus
plumosus, 5 feet across, and not more than a year old.
Six smaller but truly superbly grown Ferns came from
Mr. Smith, gr. to T. Nye, Esq. , Ealing, and included a fine
Davallia Mooreana, Adiantum formosum and A. gracilis,
&c. Mr. Smith had the finest four Fuchsias — gigantic
pyramids, and Mr. Wright, gr. to G. Greenfield, Esq.,
Hanwell, also had capital specimens, the latter taking
ist place in single specimens with a grand Mrs. Marshall
— Mr. Smith coming 2d with Try Me Oh, and Mr. Chad-
wick 3d with Marie Cornillessen. In the group class
some beautiful arrangements were put up. Mr. Hudson
was, as usual, ist. The best single flowering plant came
from Mr. Barber, gr. to C. Brown, Esq., Gunnersbury,
and was a splendidly flowered Clerodendron Balfour-
ianum. Very great indeed was the competition in the
many plant classes, and we cannot afford space to notice
one-tenth of the exhibits. Very material help was given
to the show by the grand groups of plants sent by
Messrs. C. Lee & Sons, whose hardy ornamental foliage
plants have been previously noticed in these pages ; by
Mr. C. Turner, who put up two dozen fine show Pelar-
goniums, making a glowing bank of colour ; by Messrs.
Fromow, of Turnham Green, whose arrangement was
exceedingly beautiful, as becomes this rising firm ; and
by Mr. Howell, of Hammersmith, who had boxes of
tricolor Pelargoniums, &c. One huge tent, to the con-
tents of which we cannot further refer, was exclusively
occupied by the cottagers, who make a marvellous dis-
play of their garden products, making about 350 separate
entries. A number of classes were filled solely by single-
handed gardeners, and all the open class vegetables,
besides a capital competition for the prizes offered by
Messrs. Carter & Co. for three of their fine Peas. The
nature ot the clerical work incidental to a show of this
kind may be gathered from the fact that tliere was a
total of about 1500 entries.
Edinburgh Botanical : July 12. — The Society
met in the class-room. Royal Botanic Garden, W. B.
Boyd, Esq., President, in the chair.
The following communications were read :^
I. Obituary Notice of the late John Sadler, by Profes-
sor Bayley-Balfour. Emeritus Professor Balfour, who
appears to have recovered in great part from his late ill-
ness, stated the loss he felt from the decease of Mr.
Sadler, both as a botanist and as a friend. Professor
Dickson also followed in a similar strain.
II. On the Progress of Open-air Vegetation at the
Royal Botanic Garden, for June, by Mr. Robert
Lindsay, Curator. During last montli the weather
was very favourable for open-air vegetation, the much-
desired rain commenced to fall in earnest on the
17th, although there were several slight showers be-
fore that date. Since then heavy showers have been
frequent, and of that genial kind so much required ;
the ground is now thoroughly moistened, but with
the warm weather and sunshine experienced no
excess of rain has yet occurred. The lowest readings
of the thermometer during the month were— on the
4th, 40° ; 5th, 39° ; 8th, 35" ; i6th, 40' ; 17th, 38° ; 21st,
38" ; while the highest morning readings were — on the
8th, 60" ; 15th, 60° ; 23d, 60° ; 28th, 62* ; 29th, 60*
90
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..
[July 21, 1883.
30th, 62". The foliage of deciduous trees, such as Plane,
Lime, Oak, Service, Spanish, and Horse Chestnut, &c.,
are thoroughly developed and remarkably clean and
perfect, owing greatly to the scarcity of the usual insect
pests, such as aphis, caterpillars, red-spider, &c., which
often disfigure their leaves so much. Even Roses, which
are peculiarly subject to attacks of aphis, are, so far,
almost free from this enemy. Probably the lateness and
dryness of the spring has had something to do ia
arresting the development of these pests.
Amongst plants which have flowered unusually well
this season Rhododendron hirsutum and R. ferrugineum
(the Swiss alpine Rhododendrons) may be mentioned ;
large bushes 4 to 5 feet wide have been completely
covered with bloom. In the rock garden 255 species
and varieties of plants came into flower during the
month, as compared with 173 for the corresponding
month last year, making a total of 701 for t!ie season, as
against 666 at the same date last year. Among the most
effective of those which flowered were the following : —
bited spikes of Foxgloves, old Scotch Rockets, and a white
Viola named Mrs. Gray. The border from which the
Rockets were taken is 283 feet long, 6 feet wide, and
contains over 1200 plants. Messrs. Thomas Methven &
Sons e.\:hibited a collection of Pseony flowers. Messrs.
Todd & Co. e.^hibited flowers of Lilium longiflorum.
The Secretary presented to the library a copy of Simpson's
Improved Prztni/ig and Training of Fruit Trees.
Aster alpinus
Arenaria laricifolia
Aquilegia glandulosa
Aciphylla sqiiarrosa (5 9
Campanula turbinata alba
,, barbata
Calhcartia villosa
Craspedia Richei
Cacalia alpina
Chrysobaction Hookeri
Dianthus alpinus
,, neglectus
Erica cinerea vars.
GauUheria carnea
Helonias asphoddoide^
Linnaei borealis
Libertia grandifijra
Linaria alpina
,, oiiganirolia
., pallida
Meconopsis nepalensis
,. copper-oloured sp.
Orchis maculata superba
„ folioia
Onosma tauricum
Pratia littoralis
Veronica Guthriana
,, rupestris nana
Vicii argentea
III. Report on the Vegetation in the Garden of the
Royal Botanic Institution, Glasgow, from April to June,
by Mr. Robert Eullen, Curator. During April the ther-
mometer had been at the freezing-point three times, and
below it seven times, the lowest reading being 29° on the
night of the 26lh ult. The lowest read ng for last year
was 26° on the night of the 15th of the same month.
This has been the most favourable season for seed sow-
ing for many years. The number of hardy plants in
bloom was far in excess of those of those of last year.
During May the thermometer was once at the freezing-
point, on the night of the 6th, when the temperature fell
to 31°. The lowest reading during May of last year was
33". Vegetation this year generally compared favour-
ably with that of the same period. The lowest night
temperature for June was 36° on the nights of the 7th
and 19th, The lowest day temperature was 55°, on the
7th, and the highest 72'', on the 30th. All, except the
very hardy kinds of vegetation, are considerably retarded,
the flowering ot most of our native annuals, biennials,
and perennials, as well as tliose of foreign growth, being
a fortnight behind time. Very few of the plants in
bloom at this season last year, which was by no means
an early one, are now blooming. There has been a
singular immunity from the severe thunderstorms which
have done great damage to fruit and other crops in many
parti of the country.
IV. On the Occurrence of Foliage-leaves in Ruscus
(Semele) androgynus, witlisome Structural and Morpho-
logical Observations, by Professor Dickson, with micro-
scopic illustrations.
V. Miscellaneous. Communications : —
a. The President mentioned that he had in his garden
a large tuft of Rubus arcticus which was producing
dozens of ripe fruit, which were about the size of a
small Raspberry, yellowish-white in colour, but tinged
with pink. The flavour was excellent, having a slight
after-taste of Vanilla.
h. P. N. Fraser, Esq., showed a plant of Polystichum
lonchitis, found by him in 1879. At the time it struck
him as being a peculiar variety, as its fronds were per-
fectly smooth, which character it still retains, but this
year all the fronds are beautifully crested. A plant of it
which he presented to the Edinburgh Botanic Garden
was also shown, with tlie fronds crested in the same
manner, after having remained for four years with fronds
undivided. Both plants are very heaUhy. and it is curious
how they should become so finely crested at the same
time. He also showed a specimen of Trillium erectum
var. declinatum, about 3 feet high ; and Primula luteola,
the same height, having the stem sUghtly fasciated.
c. From the Garden plants of Ruscus androgynus,
with true leaves and cladodia, were shown, to illustrate
Professor Dickson's paper ; as were also several other
species of Ruscus, Callixene, Luzuriaga, Myrsiphyllum,
Bomarea, Alstronieria, &c. Microscopic preparations of
roots, leaves, and branches of Rusci were exhibited in
the laboratory. A number of plants in pots were
exhibited ^from the garden, among which were Dionasa
muscipula, Habranthus pratensis, Crassula Bolusii,
Campanula PortenschUigiana, C. barbata alba, Poten-
tilla alchemilloides, Pratia angulata, Silene acaulis.
Thymus micans, Polygonum jcapitatum, Meconopsis
nepalensis, &c.
Scottish Horticultural Association. — The
ordinary monthly meeting of this Association was held
in the Hall, 5, St. Andrew's Square, on Tuesday, the 3d
inst., Mr. Robertson Monro, President, in the chair.
The Secretary communicated a paper by Mr. J. R.
Brown, of the Ayr Nursery, on "The Nursery as a
School for Young Gardeners." Mr. Bro\vn pointed out
the great educational advantages to be acquired in a
nursery, and strongly advised every young gardener to
spend a portion of his time in some nursery where he
would gain an insight into the business.
Mr. \Vm. Wilson, Chapel-on-Leader, exhibited a white
Lobelia named Miss Hope. Mr. M. Chapman, Easter
Duddingston Lodge, exhibited a collection of herbaceous
flowers. Mr. J. Gray, Eglinton Castle Gardens, exhi-
HuU Botanic Gardens Flower Show. — The
first floral exhibition ever held at Hull was formally
opened by the Mayor (Mr. Alderman Leak) on Wednes-
day, the nth inst. The President, A. K. Rollit, Esq.,
LL.D. (to whose endeavours the creditable state ot
things was mainly due), laid down a very hopeful pros-
pect for the gardens, and stated that one of the first
things necessary would be to increase the number of
subscriberrs from the 700 at present enrolled up to 1000
at least. The gardens were very neat, and the beds and
borders very gav and well kept, the even greensward and
smooth walks affording a good promenade for the large
company assembled. The three principal large tents
were pitched near the band stand, the one communi-
cating with the other in a very convenient manner.
The whole arrangement of the show left nothing to be
desired, and the size and quahty of many of the exhibits
were quite up to the standard of our best exhibitions, a
very interesting feature being a large quantity of economic
plants, sent by the President, A. K. Rollit, Esq. The
schedule was very extensive, comprising almost every-
thing, from exotic Orchids to cottagers' produce, and in
most of the classes there was a good competition. A
special cup. given by G. Bohn, Esq., Vice-President, to
the most meritorious exhibitor, was taken by Mr. James
Cypher, of Queen's Road Nursery, Cheltenham, who
brought out many of his large specimens in his usual
good style, securing ist prize in most of the large classes,
his six Orchids being particularly fresh and nice, viz.,
Disa grandiflora, with twenty blooms ; Dendrochilum
filiforme, eighteen spikes ; Dendrobium Dearei, two fine
spikes ; Aerides Lobbii, fine dark variety ; Odontoglos-
sum citrosmum roseum, with eighteen flowers on a spike ;
Masdevallia Harryana, with eighteen flowers. Mr.
Cypher also obtained a First-class Certificate for Den-
drobium Dearei. and another for a nicely bloomed plant
of Cattleya Gaskelliana, which was greatly admired.
Some very fine exhibits also were sent bv Messrs. A.
Wilson, W. H. H. Broadley, M.P., J. C. Padman, and
R. Simpson, The exhibition kisted three days, and was
declared a success. {From a Correspondent.)
Variorum.
The Derivation of "Sweet William." —
With reference to Mr. H. Friend's remarks on Dr.
Prior's suspicious explanation of the name " Sweet
William," I beg to adduce the following passage from
an able essay on flowers in the Quarterly Revieiv of
July, 1S63. Speaking of the small red-pink Dianthus
prolifer, the writer says:— "This is perhaps the
original * Sweet Saint William,' for the word ' Saint '
has only been dropped since days which saw the
demolition of St. William's shrine in Rochester
Cathedral. This, however, is but a conjecture ; and
we must be content to remain uncertain whether the
masses of bright flowers which form one of the chief
glories of old-fashioned gardens commemorate St.
William of Rochester, St. William of York, or, like-
liest of the three, St. William of Acquitaine, the half-
soldier, half-monk, whose fame was so widely spread
throughout the South of Europe. " St. Clair Baddclcy^
in the " Atheiiu'icm.^^
Pepper and Betel-nuts in Sumatra. —
In a recently issued report from Sumatra, Consul
Kennedy, reviewing the character and govern-
ment of the Achinese, draws attention to the growth
of Pepper in the country, upon which a tax of a dollar
per picul (which equals about 133 English pounds) is
levied in certain districts. Good in quality as the
Sumatran Pepper is said to be, it is nevertheless a
fact that some sorts are much superior to others ;
thus, at one of the small ports now closed, Punta
Raja, the Pepper obtained is of special excellence,
owing perhaps to some peculiar qualities in the soil or
climate of the valley where it is grown, while the
Pepper from the west coast is distinguished from that
of the east coast by the circumstance that it will keep
better, on which account the west coast chiefs often
hold it back until a rise in price favours the seller.
Except an unascertained, but not considerable,
quantity of the west coast Pepper which finds its way
to Padang for transhipment to Europe, all the Acheen
Pepper is brought for disposal to Penang, where it is
sold to dealers who purchase for the European and
other markets. In former times, before the war, a
few American sailing vessels, and now and then an
Italian or French ship, visited the Sumatran coasts to
collect Pepper, which they took direct home,
but this branch of trade has now been abandoned,
and Penang is the almost exclusive market for the
Sumatran Pepper crops. Before the war a considerable
number of Achinese native-rigged craft existed, which
used to bring Pepper for sale to Penang, taking back
piece goods in exchange ; but these vessels have
ceased to exist, and hence the purchase and export of
Pepper is carried on exclusively on the Sumatran side
of the Straits by a few European dealers and some
Chinese. The Pepper imported from Acheen into
Penang comes only to a very trifling extent from
Great Acheen, the bulk of the industry being scat-
tered up and down the east, west, and north coasts.
In the table of exports generally from all Acheen to
Penang the first item in the list is Betel-nuts (Areca
catechu). This product is exported chiefly from the
north coast of Acheen, and in addition to the quantity
mentioned in the tables, which amounts to 6,506,783
piculs in 1882, 20S3 tons were sent to the Coromandel
coast. The exportation of Betel-nuts, in fact, fairly
holds its own as a flourishing branch of commerce,
but if the export should appear more favourable in one
year than in another it must be remembered that the
crops may vary in quantity according to the weather,
and also that a diminution of population, by diminish-
ing the local consumption, tends to raise the amount
available for exportation. A village may shrink from
2000 to 500 souls, but the Betel trees which the vil-
lagers planted remiin.
Canned Fruit Trade in San Francisco.
■ — In a report from San Francisco, under the head
of " Canned Fruit and Vegetables," it is stated
that this industry has vastly increased during the
past few years, and promises still larger development.
In the city of San Francisco and Oakland there are
eight large canning establishments, and in other parts
of the State there are a few large and many small
ones. About a year ago the city canners entered into
a combination for the protection of their several
interests, forming an incorporated company. They
selected one of their number as the sole purchaser of
all the fruit and vegetables required by their can-
neries, and this was strictly adhered to all through
the year, and worked satisfactorily. It is estimated
that these canneries pack over three-fourths of all that
is packed in the State, and that more than half the
fruit grown in the State is packed by them in the can-
neries in San Francisco and Oakland belonging to them.
In the exchange before referred to the following is
given as the result of the year's packing, all the quantities
being in pounds: — Apricots, 3,087,740; Asparagus,
115,050; Beans, 89,109; white Cherries, 543,458;
dark Cherries, 288,689 J Currants, 475,321 ; Goose-
berries, 102,418; Grapes (Muscat), 923,588; Grapes
(Isabellas), 24,337 ; Peaches, 2,763,781 ; Bartlelt
Pears, 2,216,484; Peas, 1,006,524; Damsons,
187,816 ; Egg Plums, 294,892 ; Golden Drop Plums,
141,014; Blue Plums, 153,509; Prunes, 151,390;
Gages, 518,088; Raspberries, 60,132; Strawberries,
11,943 ; Tomatos, 5,844,031 ; Quinces, 246,613 ;
Backberries, 412,798; Apples, 1,448,210.
STA TE OF THE IS'EA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, LONDON,
FoK THE Week ending AVednesday, July 18, 1883.
Hj'gromc-
tncal De-
Barometer.
Temperature of
THE AIB.
ductions
from
Glaisher's
Wind.
Tables 6lh
0
liditioii.
0
,
u 6
z
Z
1 2 , I'S ..
I,
0 >,o
oi
S
s
h-l
0 2 i2
III
s.
■^1
July
In.
In.
3
„
. ' .
0
0
In,
12
29.40
— 0.42
63.0
SS.SJ 7-5,57.8!- 4.6
53-6
36
s.w.
o.M
13
29.56
-o.:6
70.2
5)-Si6.7'5g-7- 2.8!52.5
77J
W.:
S.W.
0.00
14
29.70
— 0.12
03.5
52,011.535.0
- 6.65,.9
89
W.
038
IS
29.74
—0.08
63.0
48. 114.9 S).o
— 9-7 4^-= ^5
W.
0.07
t6
29.98
+0.17
60.7
14.S.6.253.6
— g.142.9 67
N.W.
0.00
17
2984
+0.03
62,5
52.5H1.ol56.1j- 6,6j48 9| 56 {
W. :
W.NW.
0.00
iS
»9 75
—005
62.2
S0.311.9
56.7— 5-944.9 62
II
N.W.
0.00
Mean
29.71
— O.IO
63.6
50.912.7
1 '
S6.i— 6.548.1 75
W.
o.6g
July 12. — Dull day ; rain from
midnight.
— 13. — Fine and bright, and cloudy alternately,
night ; cloudless.
30 p M. till 7 P.M. Fine at
Fine
July 21, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
91
July 14.— Dull day mostly, sun shining at times. Thunder-
storms from 13 r.M. Ull i p.m., and from 4 I'.M.
till 4.30 I'.M.
— 15.— Dull and cloudy. Thunderstorm at 6 p.m. Fine
and cloudless at midnight.
— 16.— Fine day, but dull. Fine night.
— 17. — Dull day ; cold wind. Fine night.
— 18.— Fine day; dull cold wind. Fine night; slightly
misty.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending July 14 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea increased from 29.90 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29.93 inches by 9 A.M. on
the Sih, decreased to 29. 82 inches by 9 a.m. on the
Qlh, increased to 29.95 inches by midnight on the
same day, decreased to 29.55 inches by 3 p.m. on
Ihe I2th, increased to 29.7S inches by midnight on
the 13th, decreased to 29.73 inches by 3 P.M. on the
14th, and was 29. Si inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.79 inches, being 0.14 inch lower than last
week, and 0.21 inch lower than the average of the
week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 76°, on the Slh ; on the 1 2th
ihe highest was t^". The mean of the seven high day
temperatures was 70°.!.
The lowest temperature in the shade in the week
was 52°, on the I4lh ; on the Sth the lowest was
58". 2. The mean of the seven low night temperatures
was 55^5.
The greatest range of temperatures was I7''.8, onthe
Slh and lolh ; the smallest was 7^5, on the 12th,
The mean of the seven daily ranges was 14". 6.
The mean temperatures were— on the Sth, 64°.4 ;
on the 9th, (y^ \ on the loth, 61°. S ; on the iith,
62.^1 ; on the 12th, 57°.S ; on the 13th, 59°.7 ; and
on the 14th, 56" ; of these the first two were above
their averages by 2°. 4, and 0^.9 ; the rest being below
by o°.4, o^.s, 4°. 6, 2°.S, and 6*.6 respectively.
The mean temperature was 6o°.7, being 3°. 6 below
last week, and l°.6 below the average of the week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 144°, on the 8th. The mean of the seven
readings was 125°.7.
The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
placed on grass, and fully exposed to the sky, was
45°. 5, on the 14th. The mean of the seven low
night temperatures was 47". S.
Rain, — Rain fell on four days, to the amount of
0^.83 inch.
England : Temperature. — During the week ending
July 14 the highest temperatures were 7S°.6, at Cam-
bridge, 77°.S at Nottingham, and 76° at Blackheath ;
the highest, at Bristol, was 69'^, at Liverpool 69^.4,
and at Bolton 69°. 5. The general mean was 72^9,
The lowest temperatures in the week were 45°.S,
at Bolton, 46" at Hull, and 46°. 4 at Wolverhampton ;
the lowest temperature at Preston was 54°, at Brighton
53".2, and at Plymouth 52", 9. The general mean
was 49°. S.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 31". 6, at Cambridge, 29". 5 at Nottingham,
and 29" at Hull ; the least ranges were 14". 8, at
Plymouth, I7°.4 at Bristol, and I7°.5 at Preston.
The general mean was 23°. I.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Nottingham, 74°, at Cambridge 73*. 2,
and at Hull 72* ; and was lowest at Liverpool,
64^6, at Bolton 65°, and at Bristol 65°.4. The
general mean was 68°, 9.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Plymouth, 56°. I, at Preston 55°. 7, and at
Blackheath 55°. 5 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton,
51", at Bolton 5i".3, and at Hull 51^.7. The
general mean was 54°. 2.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Nottingham, 2i°.I, at Hull 20". 3, and at Cam-
bridge 20°. i; and was least at Plymouth, 9°.S, at
Liverpool 10^3, and at Bristol lo°.4. The general
mean was I4^7.
The mean temperature was highest at Nottingham,
61°. 6, at Leeds 6I^4, and at Cambridge 61". 3 ; and
was lowest at Bolton, 56°.2, at Liverpool 57'. 6, and
at Wolverhampton 58". The general mean was
59'. 6.
Rain, — The largest fall was I. eg inch at Leicester,
0.S9 inch at Truro and 0.83 inch at Blackheath and
Bolton ; the smallest falls were 0.19 mch at Sheffield,
0.26 inch at Nottingham, and 0.33 inch at Bradford.
The general mean fall was 0.61 inch. Rain fell on
every day in the week at Plymouth.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing July 14 the highest temperature was 74°, at
Aberdeen ; at Greenock the highest temperature was
68°. The general me?n was 70". S.
The lowest temperature in the week was 45°, at
Glasgow and Greenock ; at Dundee the lowest tem-
perature was 48^ The general mean was 46". 5.
The mean temperature was highest at Dundee,
59''-9; and lowest at Aberdeen, 5S°.2. The general
mean was 5S°.9.
Rain. — The largest fall was 1. 70 inch, at
Greenock ; and the smallest was 0.85 inch at Edin-
burgh, The general mean fall was 1.23 inch.
JAMES GL.'MSIIER, F.R.S.
Answers to Correspondents,
Balsams : \V. Hendre 6^ Sous. Your strain appears to
possess all the good qualities of the best type of double
flowers. Those before us are of good size, well filled
out, and of good substance. The mottled purple and
mottled red flowers, the scarlets, and pure whites, are
in every way first-class.
Begonias : /. H. H. The flowers had all fallen off
when they reached us, so that we could make nothing
of them.
Begonia Seedling : Polesdin. Not so good as many
double varieties that have been exhibited, but no doubt
very pretty on the plant. Though of not much com-
mercial value, we should not destroy it.
Books : Student. The last edition of the Treasury of
Botany (Longmans) will probably meet your require-
ments. — B. B. Hunter's Manual of Bee-Keeping.
(Bogue).
Calipornian Primulas: H. i, yes; 2, Watson's
Botany of California, 2 vols., 410.
Calvary Clover : A. R. The specimen sent to us,
and figured by us, was considered at the time to be
Medicago Echinus, but according to the books that
species is, like M. hystrix, Italian. Boissier has a M.
Galilasa, which may be the true plant, but any spiny-
podded Medic will do.
Crystal Palace Rose Show. — We omitted to state
in our report that the 3d prize in the nurserymen's
class for twenty-four single blooms, at the late Crystal
Palace Rose Show, was won by Messrs. Hugh Low &
Co., of Clapton, with Roses grown in their new
nursery at Bush Hill Park, Enfield.
Figs : U. T. S. The causes that lead to the casting of
the fruit of Figs are not clearly ascertained ; some
varieties, and especially those that are growing grossly,
are more subject to do so than otliers. Dryness at the
roots will sometimes cause them to do so. — A. A. We
know that Fig trees have been raised from seeds
in this country, but there is no proof of any having
been raised from seeds ripened in this country.
Heating : A. B. If your houses are stoves, or are
used for forcing purposes generally, you could eco-
nomically work them from one boiler ; but if there are
cool-houses or pits, it is more satisfactory to heat those
separately, as a single boiler that can heat all of the
structures in the cold season consumes too much fuel
to perform the little work required of it in the summer,
when the cool divisions require no artificial heat. If
the one-boiler system suits your needs, by all means
have a duplicate set alongside in case of accident, or to
supplement the other in extraordinarily severe weather.
Hydro-sulph.\te of Lime : W. G. The remedy you
suggest is not a safe one to recommend for use when
the Vines are fruiting, and we advise you to be cautious
yourself. The proportion of one part to 200 is quite
strong enough, and may be applied with safety to any-
thing not intended for consumption. If you do apply
it to Grapes, it should be syringed off within a quarter
of an hour.
Names of Plants : Harewood, Anagallis platy-
phylla. — John Earl. Hartwegia purpurea. — C. II'.
Bryum argenteum. — A", ifr" ^S. Gentiana saponaria. —
y. Rose. Lychnis chalcedonica, propagated by divi-
sion in early autumn. — John Guy. A garden
variety of Oleander which we cannot name. — G. H.
An AUanianda, not recognised. — C \V. Lactuca
muralis, and Crepis virens. The moss next week. —
G. y. L. Eryngium amethystinum. — W. B. G.
Gnaphalium luteo-album. — A*, -;V. 1, send when iu
flower; 2, Lysimachia vulgaris.— y. Phil/potts. Den-
drobium chrysotoxum, — H. B., Sevenoaks. i. Vero-
nica longifolia ; 2, Lychnis chalcedonica ; 3, Lylhrum
salicaria ; 4, Spira;a Douglasii ; 5, Malva moschata ;
6, Campanula latifolia. — H. J . Ross. We cannot
quite match your plant, but it appears to be a poor
slate of Gladiolus gracilis or G. recurvus. — C. Dimmick
b' Son. Hymenocallis macrostephana. — S. F. 6^ Co.
Spircea aruncus. — iV. H. P. Tilia parvifolia.—
W. F. Gunn. i, Triodia decumbens ; 2, Bronius
sechalinus ; 3, Polypogon monspeliensis. — G, H. IV.
Lathyrus sativus. — Alphj. 1, Nephrodium filix-mas,
crested var. ; 2, Campanula muralis ; 3. C. isophylla ;
4, Spiraea aricef^olia. — De B. C. A garden variety of
Pisum sativum. — IV. W. 1, 2, 3, Trifoliuni medium;
4, Lolium pcrenne ; 5, Trisetuni flavesceiis ; 6, Luzula
campestris ; 7, Anthoxanlhum odoratum ; 8, Agrostis
vulgaris.
Onoclea sensibius ; C. M. O. It has no other claim
to the specific name beyond the fact of its speedily
withering when cut.
Pelargonium Duchess of Albany : J. Lezaif.
Your Regal variety appears to be a very nice one, but
the flowers not having been gummed, had fallen to
pieces when they reached us, and we can say no more.
Pelargonium Sporting : y. V. There is nothing
novel in a zonal Pelargonium sporting, but some
varieties — Vesuvius, to wit — are more addicted to it
than others.
Pomegranate . G. P. Suppose a leathery dark crim-
son funnel, an inch or more in length, the edge in-
dented with five pointed lobes, and suppose a little
globt: of crimson petals filling up the mouth of the
funnel, and you will be able to form some idea of the
general form of a Pomegranate flower. Is this what
you mean by describing a flower in mild terms ?
Stepiianotis : 7- •5'- Nothing unusual in strong, well-
grown plants.
Tasmanian Tree Ferns: F. IV, Dennis, Advertise
them, or offer them to some of the nurserymen who
deal in such plants.
Twin-rose : T. Pope. Not at all an uncommon occur-
rence in double flowers.
Vegetable Marrow : J. Green. An ordinary case
of adhesion of the fruit to tlie stem. Not at all an
uncommon occurrence in the Cucurbitaceai.
Vines : H. P. We cannot detect any trace of Phyl-
loxera, or of any other insect. The rootlets are aU
killed, either by loo much boltom-ht;at, or too strong
doses of manure.
Vine Shanking : U. T. S. Very probably the roots
have got into too rich soil.
Weed on Lawn : W. T. The Self-heal (Prunella
vulgaris). We can only advise you to fork out as much
as you can in the autumn, and encourage the grass to
grow by dressing the lawn with nitrate of soda at the
rate ot about 100 lb. to the acre.
*»* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the "Editor." and not to the PubUsher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.
i£^ Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Office Orders
are requested to send them to the Publisher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to William Richards, at the post-
othce, Drury Lane, London, W.C.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
E. H. Krelage & Son, Haarlem — Dutch Flower
Roots, &c.
Thomas Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, Edin-
burgh— Dutch and other Flower Roots.
L, SfAth, 154, K u pn ickers trass e, Berlin — Dutch Bulbs,
&c.
C0.MMUNICAT10NS Keceived.— W. F. G.— S. Cock.— J. May
(Retifiospora).— P. Fry.— W. B. G.— W. H. — E W. & S.—
Doiilcon & Co.— J G B.— T. S. J.— J. Y.— J. G.— T. S.— H.
L. C.-P. W.— John JefiFeries & Sons.
iirhcts.
COVENT GARDEN, July 19.
[I'liE subjoined leports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the ptices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.]
Heavy supplies still to hand. Currants lower. James
f I 'ebber, \ \ liolesale Apple Market.
Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Prices.
Aralia Sleboldii, per
duzen . . ..12
Arbor-vitae (golden),
per dozen . . ..6
— (common), dozen 6
Begonias, per doz. ., 6
Bouvardia, doz. ..12
Calceolarias, dozen... 4
Ccckscombs, doz. .. 4
Culeus, doz. . . . . 3
Dracaena term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz. . . 12
Ei ica, various, doz. 12
E uonymus, various,
per dozen ,. ., g
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen .. . . 6
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4
.r. d. s. d.
0-10 o
0-12 o
0-12 o
0-18 o
0-90
0-90
0-60
0-60 o
0-24 o
0-36 o
0-18 o
0-24 o
0-18 o
i. d. s, d.
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each . . . . 2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 6 0-12 6
Hydrangea, per. doz. g 0-24 o
Lilium iongilloium,
per dozen.. .. 18 0-42 o
Liliums, various, per
dozen . . . .12 0-30 o
Lobelias, per dozen 30-60
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..12 0-24 o
Mignonnette, doz. .. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in variety,each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen .. a 6- g o
— decorative, doz. 6 0-18 o
Spir9ea, per dozen ..8 0-12 o
Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.
Abutilon, 12 bunches 2
Arum LiUes, per doz. 3
Bouvardias, per bun. 1
Canterbury Bell, bun. i
Carnations, 12 bims. i
— 12 bunches . . 3
Cornflower. 12 bun., i
Dahlias, 12 bun . . 6
Delphinium, p. bun. o
EnchariE, per doz. .. 4
Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2
Gardenias, 12 bIms.. 3
Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . . . . 3
— red, 12 blooms., i
Liiac (French), bun. 4
Liliums, 12 bun. ..12
Marguerites, 12 bun. 6
d, s. d,
0-40
0-60
0-16
o- z o
0-30
o o
4 O
■ I O
0-60
0-30
6-70
0-18 o
0-90
Mignonette, 12 bun.
Marigolds, iz bun. . .
Myoaoiis, or Forget-
me-nut, p. 12 bun.
Pelargoniums, i2spr.
— zonal, 12 sprays
Pinks, 12 bunches ..
Primula, double, bun.
Pyrethrnni, 12 bun . .
Roses (indoor), doz.
— (outdoor), 12 bun.
— coloured, doz . .
Spirsa, 1 2 bunches . .
Stephanotis, 12 spr.
Stocks, 12 bunches. .
Sweet Peas, 12 bun.
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun.
Tropffiolum, 12 bun.
White Jasmine, bun.
s. d, s. d.
6 O- Q o
20-40
20-60
0 g- I o
30-60
20-60
10-16
30-60
20-60
30-60
3 c- 8 o
6 0-12 o
16-30
40-90
30-60
40-60
1 O- 2 O
10-16
92
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
..40-*
Fruit.-
Cherries, J^-sieve .. 46-90
Currants, Black, J^-
sieve
— Red, J^-sieve
Figs, per dozen
Grapes, per lb.
Gooseberries, J^-siv. 26-33;
Vegetables— A VEHAGE Petail Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,
30-40
■Average Wholesale Prices.
s, d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case ..15 0-20 o
Melons, each . . 20-36
Peaches, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
30-50; Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-36
20-30 — St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o
10-30 Strawberries, per lb. o 3- o g
per doz,
Asparagus (Sprue),
per bundle .. 26- ..
— English, bund... 36-80
Beans, Fr. grown, lb. 04-..
— Jersey, perlb. .. 06-..
Beet, per doz, . . 10- . .
Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-20
Carrots, new, p. bun. 10-..
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen . . 20-30
Celery, per bundle . . 16-..
Cucumbers, each ..06-10
Endive, French, per
dozen .. ..20-..
Garlic, per lb. ..10-..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
POTATOS.
-Jersey Kidneys, 5^. 1075.; . _
per cwt. ; Kent Kidneys, £7 per ton ; Myatt's ^6 per ton.
s. d. s. d.
Horse Radish, bund. 40-..
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..10-..
— Cos, per dozen ,.16-..
Mint, green, bunch., o 6- . .
Mushrooms, p. baslct. 10-20
Onions, per bunch .. 06- ..
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch,, o 4- . .
Peas, English, quart i c- . .
Radishes, per doz. .. 1 6- ..
Rhubarb, per bundl. 06-..
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
Sweet Potatos, lb. . . 06- . .
Tomatos, per lb. ..10-..
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 04-09
Rounds, 5.r. to 6s.,
SEEDS.
London : ^2i/y iS. — In the absence of business there
is no variation to be noted in the value of any description
of farm seeds. New Trifolium and Trefoil, although
offered at comparatively moderate rates, fail to meet with
buyers. Advices from Ireland speak very favourably of
the prospects of the grass seed crops. In feeding Lin-
seed the tendency is upwards, 'j^ohn Skaw ^ Sons, Seed
Merchants, 37, Af ark Lane, London, B.C.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday Wheat sold more readily,
and prices ruled from the extreme of the preceding
Monday's rates to 6d. advance. Indian Wheat showed
the most improvement. Flour supports late value more
steadily, but was not quotably dearer. Barley, with a
moderate inquiry, brought steady value, Oats were
firm, at ^d. to 6d. above the rates current on Monday
se'nnight. Maize sold slowly, at 6d. dechne on the
week. Beans were about as last reported, and foreign
Peas rather easier. — On Thursday Wheat was firm, and
6d. over Monday's rates was in some cases obtained. In
flour the tendency was rather in favour of the seller.
There was not much passing in Barley, Beans, or Peas,
but all were fairly firm. Maize was quiet, and Oats found
firm market, a fair amount of business being concluded
at fully Monday's currency. — Average prices of corn for
the week ending ]uly 14 : — Wheat, 42J. 2d.; Barley,
zgs. 2d. ; Oats, 24J. id. For the corresponding period
last|year: — Wheat, 48J. sd. ; Barley, 261. 5^. ; Oats,
25^. 3d
CATTLE.
At Copenhagen Fields on Monday the supply of cattle
was scanty. Canadians sold at $s. ^d. to 55. Sd. ; Danish
at 4J. 8d. to 5^. ^d. ; and Swedish at 4^. 6d. to 5^.
per 8 lb. The general tone of the trade was slow, in
consequence of the stiff prices required. There was a
very good market for small sheep, and rather higher
rates were obtained. Lambs sold irregular, but not
currently dearer. Calves met a moderate demand.
Quotations: — Beasts, 4J. 6d. to 5^. ^d., and <,s. Sd. to
6s. 4d. ; calves, 5^. to 5J. lod. ; sheep, 55. Sd. to
6s. zd., and 6j. 6d. to ys. — On Thursday beasts sold
slowly at about the above qnoted prices. Sheep were
firmer at rather better quotations. Lambs were dull and
drooping, and calves and pigs were quiet.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states supplies
were good, and trade rather dull at the following prices :
— Prime Clover, io$s. to 120s. ; inferior, 60^. to yos. ;
best meadow hay, 70s. to gos. ; inferior, 40J. to 50J. ;
and straw, 30J. to 40J. per load. — On Thursday the sup-
ply was rather short, and trade steady. Best hay and
straw were dearer. — Cumberland Market quotations : —
Superior old meadow hay, 841. to 96J. ; inferior, yos. to
y6s. ; new, 705. to 8or. ; %uperior old Clover, ii2j. to
izos. ; inferior, 84.S. to gSs. ; new, 70^. to looj. ; and
straw, 38s. to 43J. per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state that
supplies have been good and the demand steady, as
follows :— Cherbourg flukes, ys. to Bs. ; ditto round,
6s. 6d. to ys. ; Jersey kidneys, ys. to Bs. ; ditto round,
ys. ; Kent kidneys, 10s. ; and Essex shaws, ys. per cwt.
— The imports into London last week were : — 4928
packages from Jersey, 90 Bordeaux, and 18 from
Seville.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — Ravensworth West Hartley, 14^-. gd. ;
Walls End— Hetton, iSj. ; Hetton Lyons, 15^. 6d. and
i6j^. ; Lambton, lys. 6d. ; Wear, 155. 6d. and 165. ;
Caradoc, iSs. 3d. ; East Hartlepool, lys. 3d. ; South
Hartlepool, \6s. 3d. ; Thornley, lys. ; Tees, 185. 3d.
Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at 99^ to 99I 'for delivery, and 99^1 ^^ 99i-j for the
account. Tuesday's closing figures were 99yiv ^^ 99u) ^°^
delivery, and 99I to 99I for the account. The final
quotations of Wednesday and Thursday were 99I to 99-!
for delivery, and ggj-^ to 99^-^ for the account.
Amortiser.— Amortiser.— Amortiser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly.
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watering the Ground which
Instantly Destroys Slugs. Wireworms. Caterpillars, Grubs, &c.
When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample
Cans, 4^ gallons, 3^. 6d., tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
1 to 20Z. to the gallon ot soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparatior s intended to supersede it. In Boxes, u., 3s.. & tos. td.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, bd.
anH ij. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limiied), London.
FLORAL GUM.
This Gum is §;uaranteed to effectually secure the petals
of flowers from falling. It is easily applied — dries
instantaneously — and leaves no stain on the blossom.
Universally afpy oved of by ike leading Florists and Growers.
{Sec Testimonials )
" 18, Westbourne Grove, W., June 18, 1883.
" Gentlemen, — We have much pleasure in testifying to the
excellence of your Floral Gum, which we have used for some
years. It fixes the petals of flowers without injuring or staining
lhem.-Yours faithfully, „ j^g jj pQUNCE AND SONS."
" Messrs. Hawes & Crisf."
CRYSTAL GUM .. 25. oif. pint. 3^. 6r^. quart. 12J. gallon
OPAQUE ,, .. IS. 6rf. „ 2j. 9</. „ los. „
Sample Bottle of either kind ?ent post-free for ij. -^d. in stamps.
HAWES & CEISP,
103, los, 107, QUEEN'S ROAD, BAYSWATER, W.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
NETTING for Fruit Trees, Seed Beds,
Ripe Strawberries, &c.— TANNED NETTING for
protecting the above from Frost, Blight, Birds, &c., 2 yards
wide, 2d. per yard, or 100 yards. i6j. ; 4 yards wide, ^d. per
yard, or 50 yards, 16^. NEW TANNED NETTING, suited
for any of the above purposes or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards
wide. 6d. per yard : 4 yards wide, i.j. per yard ; 5i-inch mesh,
4 yards wide, \s. 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, is. and 6^. per
piece of 20 yards.— EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7, Crooked
Lane. London Bridfie, E.G.
ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.- All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Neiiing and TifTany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS. 4 and 5. Wormwood Street, London, E, C.
RICK CLOTHS, GARDEN NETTING,
&C.-RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS. SACKS, and
every requisite for Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post-
fiee. Can be obt.ilned of HENRY VAN AND CO., 17. Tooley
Street. London, S.E.. who also supply GARDEN NETTING,
2 yards wide, ijiiir', ; and 4 yards wide, ^d. per yard.
SCRIM CANVAS, i yard wide, 3./. ; 1% yard, i%d. ; and
2 yards, dd, per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in pieces
of 20 yards each, at 3^. 6tf. per piece.
TIFFANY and SHADING for Protection
for Flowers and Fruit. — A special manufacture in 36, 38.
40, 45, 54, 60, and 72 inches wide, and NETTING at whole-
sale prices, in all ordinary widths. Sample and particulars on
application to
J. BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street,
London, E.C.
For Conservatories and Greenhouses.
THE NEW CANVAS SHADING, sold by
BENJAMIN EDGINGTON, will defy the action of
all weather. Protect your Fruit Trees. Tanned Netting.
Protect your Children from the Sun. By Her Majesty's Royal
Letters Patent. A new Summer-house, 9 feet 9 inches in
diameter, 9 feet high, can be erected or taken down and placed
in any position in five minutes. Price £-^. This new contriv-
ance can be seen erected at
BENJAMIN EDGINGTON'S, 2, Duke Street, London
Bridge, E.C.
RICK CLOTHS- RICK CLOTHS.
Before purchasing, send for Samples
and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSON, who
can supply a splendid article at a low
price.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.
TANNED NETTING.-2 yards wide, i\d.
per yard ; 4 yards wide, 31^. per yard : 2 yards wide,
\os. per 100 yards ; 4 yards wide, 20^. per loo yards.
NEW TWINE NETTING, i-inch mesh, i yard wide, id. ;
2 yards wide. \d. : 4 yards wide. Zd. per yard.
W. CULLINGFORD, Forest Gate, E.
Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preservine Ironwork, Wood or Stone.
[Refristered Trade Mar0
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is' fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. _ It
may be appHed by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon^
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
^' Piercefield Park, June 21, 1876. — Sirs, — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours
respectfully, Wm. Cox."
CA l/T/ON.— Kill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing, Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c, sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 180, Buchanan
Street, Glasgow.
THE CENTRAL IRONWORKS COM-
PANY, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, ENGI-
NEERS, and IRON MERCHANTS, 252, Waterloo Road,
London, S.E. Manufacturers' Prices with Catalogues on appli-
cation, for Hot-water Pipes and Connection, all sizes ; also
Boilers and Fittings, all Sizes — Wrought and Cast-iron. All
other Descriptions of Goods for Horticultural Requirements in
Stock.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and
Murseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL
EUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
Tba
" Ezpanslon m
Joint."
4-in, Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, gfeet long, 4 J. -^d. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4;. dd. each.
Price List on ctpplicatio
HOSE.
PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.
Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus prov-
ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.
A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red-
Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever."
Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices,
Sample and Price of
MERRYWEATHER & SONS,
63, Long Acre, W.C. ; and Greenwich Road, London, S.E.
"REGISTERED TUBULAR FLOWER
±.\> STAKES, 2 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINERS,
6 feet by 4 feet. 2S. 6d. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 feet
long, 6i; TRELLISING, from^J^rf. square foot. HURDLES,
from 35. ARCHES, from loi. POT STANDS, from 6s.
HANGING BASKETS from 6d. GATES, FENCING;
NETTING, &c. Illustrated LISTS on application.
BROOKES & CO., 4, Cateaton Street, Manchester.-Estab. 1769.
BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 leet. The largest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool.
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Mantu-es, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, qo. Lower Thames St., London, E.C.
July 21, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..
93
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with kaiseu
BLACK-FACED LETTERS,
The Vardeners' Magazine says :— " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free,
J. SMITH, The knyal Label Factory, Stra^ford^n-Avon.
SILVER SAND
DIRECT FROM PITS.
For lowest price, write
HENBT WILKEBSON,
LEIGHTON BUZZARD.
OrcUd Baskets.
SIDNEY WILLIAMS' superior Octagonal
Te.ik ORCHID BASKETS, with Galvanised or Copper
Wire, from 6x. per dozen upwards. Send for new illustrated
Price LIST to 23, Farringdon Road, London, E.G.
UNDER SPECIAL ROYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sheep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£^2 i6j. dd. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAT. SON & HEWITT, Is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON,
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
Bosher's Garden Edging Tiles.
m%m\
^iM
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially ^,„„,OT™.ai.-«
suited for KITCHEN -t^^ts^ts"— ^■^
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects, ^«»—
take up little room, and, -^
once put down, incur no .^& .
further labour or expense, ^- ::^
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfnars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W, ;
Kingsland Road, £.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors. Balconies, &c. ,
from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kuchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Pavmg of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
I L "v E R S~ AND,
fine or coarse gra-in as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
orTruckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
s
0\J^ 21 oz. Foreign, of the foUowlng 0^0
* sizes. In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, »
3ds and 4thB qualities always kept In stock :—
14X12
16X12
18X12
20 X 12
20X14
20x16
16X14
20X15
22X 16
18X14
i8xi6
24X16
20x18
22x18
24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obuined
from
GEORGE FAK3SIIL0E & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
H St John'i Street. West Smlthlleld, London, Ra
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
i2in , aoin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by i3 in., in i6>oz.
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 2oo-ft. and 3Q0-ft. cases.
TONE EDGING for KITCHEN
GARDENS or Walks under Trees, &c., 10 to 12 inches
deep, 3 to 4 feet long, made from the best Yorkshire F^lagstone ;
indestructible. Price, ready for laying, \s. per lineal yard. Also
Flags and Steps for Conservatories, Terraces, &c. — Address,
THE GREAT SLEAD QUARRY. Brighouse, Yorkshire.
TEN SILVER
AWARDED
MEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
^ Weston- suriiR- MAKE, Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to ^o inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID. FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS.
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, CY. Book of Designs, \$.
ELECTRIC THERMOMETERS,
for CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, &c.
Thi-". Apparatus is most reliable for noting a rapid rise or
fall of temperature from any cause, and giving timely notice of
it by Bell to Gardener's house or elsewhere.
Houses fitted with ELECTRIC BELLS, BURGLAR
ALARMS, LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS, &c.
Prices on application. Catalogue three stamps.
FRANCIS AND CO., Eagle Telegraph Works, Hatton
Garden, E C.
kHICHCATE ROAD .LONDON.N.W^-
BAYLISSJONES&cBffiLISS
CflTALOGUCS FRtt.
Manufactory iVictonaWorks.'Wolverhamptoni
LONDON OFFICES.3,CROOKEBLANE,KIWKWILLWIV1SL£C.
RICHARDSON'S PATENT
HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS
'i^^^iil 5c =^3
^
^S
StCTION OF PATENT ROOF VCNTIIJ^TOR
Hot-water Apparatus fixed in any part of the
Kingdom and Guaranteed.
W. RICHARDSON & CO.,
Horticultural Builders & Hot-Water Engineers,
DARLINGTON.
TENANT'S FIXTUKE GREENHOUSES,
made in lights and easily
erected, lower part
framed and panelled ;
painted two colours.
Improved Ventilating
Gearing for houses over
12 feet long. Glazed
with 21-0Z. Glass, and
Painted 3 coats of good
oil colour.
Specimen size, 1 2 feet by S feet, ^25 3s. 6i. For brickwork, ;{;2o.
liEAN-TO HOUSES
for building against existing
walls, similar to above. 15ft.
by lofeet, ^24, or for brick-
work, £,\q. Portable Cu-
cumber Frames, painted 3
coats, glazed 21-oz, glass.
2-light Frame, 6 feet by
8 feet, ^3 4^. 6</. Cases 41.,
allowed when returned.
All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station.
Illustrated Catalogue free on application.
C. FRAZ^R, Horticultural Builder, Palace Plain, NorwiCh.
No. 75. MELON or CUCUMBER FRAMES.
CASH PRICES— Carriage Paid.
No. I .. .. 8ft. long .. 6ft. wide .. £.% 7 6
No. 2 .. .. 12 ft. long ., 6 ft. wide .. 4 17 6
No. 3 .. ,. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 676
These Frames are i^mches deep in front, and 24 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with a strong iron
strengthening rod, and one handle to each light. All painled four
coats of best oil colour, the lights being gl;ized with best 21-oz.
English glass.
BOIL E E S,
For heating all kinds of Horticultural Buildings.
NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY. FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY
RlyUIRI-S NO OUTSIDf IMNIING.
Adupicii by His Royal Highness the Prince ol W^lc?.
Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.
Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered.
Plans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Erighouse, Yorkshire ; and
8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S.W.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn ri^ht over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —
6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free,
12 feet long, 4 feet wide. „ „ ,,
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ „
12 feet long. 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ,,
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
C^ 15
4 15
3 IS
6 ID
R. H A li L I D A Y & CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDER. S,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON E C
W. H. LASCELLES AND CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
Conservatories and Greenliousea. &c.
H FREEMAN and SONS, Horticul-
• TURAL BlMLDHRS and HoT-WATER ENGINEERS, Cam-
bridge Heath Bridge. Hackney, E. — Good substantial-made
GREENHOUSES, Glazed ready for Fixing, ji leet by 13 feet,
£28 : t2;< feet by 10 feet, .£15 ; 10 feet by 5 feet, £,%. SPAN-
ROOF CONSERVATORY, 30 feet by t? feet, .£60; 21 feet by
t3 feet, {.l\ 10s. ; 13 feet by 8 feet, C^i. LIGHTS, &c.. in
Stock.
94
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Line charged as tivo.
4 Lines
5 „
6 „
\ : ;::
9 „
10 „
11 „
12 „
13 „
14 „
15 „
16 „
17 „
18 „
19 „
20 „
21 „
22 „
23 „
^t "
25 „
AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL L[NK.
If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J,
Page ^900
Half Page .. .. •.. -.500
Column .. .. .. ..350
£0
3
0
0
3
6
0
4
0
0
4
6
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0
0
S
6
0
6
0
0
6
6
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0
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0
a
0
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8
6
0
q
0
0
9
6
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10
6
0
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0
0
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6
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6
GAEDENEES, and OTHEES, WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words js. 6d., and 6d. for every additioaal line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BS PREPAID.
IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against having' Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are ojtened by the autJtorities and
rcturtied to the seiuier.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, sj. each insertion.
Advertisements for the current -week must reach, the Office
by Thursday noon.
All Subscriptions payable in advance.
The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,1 3^, \od. ; 6 Months,
iij. \id. ; 3 Months, 6j.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,
£\ ts. lor 12 Months ; India and China, ;£i %s. id.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C, to W. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London. W.C.
Lithographic Coloured Plates of Vegetables, Fruits,
FLOWERS. &c., or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
CATALOGUES.
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, Lithographer
to the Royal Academy, 15, Rue du Boulevard, Brussels.
Established iSzg. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Naiural History, Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that may be required, and Estimates will
be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER, 149, Kingsland Road, London. E.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ;^20o,ooo. — Reserve Fund, ;^75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ;£io to
;t5ooo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plaiit, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds from ^5 per cent, from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Pergonal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ^£250,000 per annum.
Prospectus post-fiee.
(Established 1867.)
Accidents!- 64, Cornhill.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ^i.ooo.oco.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;£25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;^ 1,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or S, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
Belgian.
BULLETIN d'ARB OR I CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1S65, by F. Burve-
NiCH. F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, los. per annum,
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium. '
The Sydney Mail
NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.
CONTENTS :—
INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF,
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for this Journal.)
NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.
THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
COMMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.
Subscription in Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.
Smgle Copies, 6^. ; Stamped, id.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.
ENGLAND.
The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS far the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :-
London Messrs. Geo. Street& Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C.
Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard
Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,
Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H, Smith & Son, 186, Strar.d.
Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance
Buildings.
Manchester, . James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh.. .. Robeitson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.
Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange
Place.
C^ Copies of each Jou7-nal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers.
H
O
Works for tlie Possessors of Gardens.
OW TO GROW MUSHROOMS.
By William Earlev. Price is. stitched.
How to grow asparagus.
A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earlev. Price \s. stitched.
N growing roses OUT-OF-
DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition. Price ij.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A Hardy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all
Vegetables. By William Earlev. Author of '' How to Grow
Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus," &c., S:c. Crown
8vo, with Coloured Fronlis c;. Price ^s. 6<t,
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COM-
PANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A com-
plete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of
every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price 7J.
SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL
DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and
Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full
Explanation of Technical Terms. An entirely New Editiuu,
enlarged in size and type. Medium 8vo, cloth. Price 25J,
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouverie
Street. E.C.
Farms. Estates, Residences.
Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the
MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on staling the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed '* Midland Counties
Heratd Office, Birmingham." The Alidland Cojtnties Herala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.
PAXTON'S CALENDAR.
Now ready, a Rez'tsed Edition of the
COTTAGER'S GALEN DAR
OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.
Originally Compiled by the late Sir Joseph Paxton, M.P.
Price j,d.y Post Free sJ^tf.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND.
EEVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review).~Among the principal Contributors are :— A. Allard,
E. Andre', C. Baltet, T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich, F. Ci^pin,
Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis. J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver. H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A, Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J, van Hulle, J. van Volxem
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.
This illustrated Journal appears on the rst of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, Svo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.
Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom ; — One year,
11.1., payable in advance.
Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PVNAERT,
at the Chief Post-office. Ghent.
WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.
BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late E.\aminer in Botany, University
of London. With upwards of loo Illustrations. Price 3^. t>d.
LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.
A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Student?,
&c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price 5^. 6</.
LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.
With Illustrations, Svo, cloth. Price gs.
LINDLEY'S MEDICAL and CECONOMI-
CAL BOTANY. With numerous Illustrations, Svo,
oloth. Price 5J.
LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.
For Self- Instruct ion and the Use of Schools. Price
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouverie
Street. E.C.
JOLLERHEAD tenders his respectful
• Thanks to the Hundred and Thirty Applicants for the
Vacancies which are NOW FILLED.
To Nurserymen.
"PARTNERSHIP.— A Gentleman, able to
J- take active part in all departments and with General
Knowledge, seeks a PARTNERSHIP with a NURSERY-
MAN, in or near a large county town, who is in a large way of
business. Will add Capital accordmg to arrangement.— Apply,
in perfect confidence, first to N. G., 12. Cullum Street, E.C.
To Gardeners.
WANTED, a thoroughly competent MAN,
who understands the Management 01 Glass, the Rear-
ing of Plants, the Culture of Peaches and Grapes, competent to
Organise and Supervise about 12 acres of Garden Ground,
consisting of Kitchen and Flower Garden, Glasshouses. Lawns,
and Shrubberies — all in gocd order and condition. A know-
ledge of the Management of Grass Land, Poultry, and Cows
desirable.— Apply, by letter, to D. C. H., 18, Marlborough
Road, Banbury.
WANTED, a GARDENER, for a Nursery
and Market Garden. Must be well up in Cut Flowers,
Ferris, Cucumbers, &c. One that has filled a similar situation
required.- State age, wages, &c , in own handwriting, to G. J.
COX, Nurseryman. Wisbeeh.
ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER, to take charge of the Garden and Gas Works
at a small establishment in Leicestershire — Apply, by letter
only, stating experience, references, and wages required, to
E. H. E,, James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery. King's
Road, Chelsea. S.W. ^
WANTED, for Sussex, a respectable,
steady, UNDER GARDENER, also a GARDEN
LABOURER, who can use the scythe, &c. Married, without
family, pre'"erred. To live in lodges. Constant employment,
\Zs. and i6j. per week and lodge residence. — G., Messrs.
Reeves & Turner, 196, Strand, London, W.C.
WANTED.a FOREMAN PROPAGATOR,
and GROWER of General Indoor Plants and Cut
Flowers for the London Market. Competent to take Manage-
ment.—State age, salary, e.\perience. &c , to H. \V. E., 4
Pellatt Grove, Wood Green, N.
ANTED, a PROPAGATOR and
GKOWER of General Indoor Plants and Cut Flowers,
One who has hade.\peiience in Market-woik preferred —Apply,
with testimonials as to ability and character, to THOMAS
BUTCHER, Nurseryman, South Norwood, S.E.
WANTED, a pushing young man, as JOUR-
NEYMAN, for the Houses.— Wages, 175. per week,
bothy, &c— State age, experience, &c., to A. GIBSON,
Halstead Gardens, Sevenoaks, Kent.
ANTED, in the Houses, a young MAN,
who can Grow Pot Roses.— Apply, with references as
to character and capability, and wages expected, to J R.
PEARSON, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.
WANTED, a young MAN (from a Market
Nursery preferred), quick at Potting, &c. Wages to
commence with, t8^. per week. — Particulars to EDWIN
HILLIER, Nurseries, Winchester.
July 21, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
WANTED, a young MAN, single, who
thorouehly uiiders-tan is ihe routine of a Kitchen Gar-
den, also Fruit Trees. Wag^s \%s. per week with b'-thy.—
Apply, with full particulars as to abilities, to HEAD GAR-
DENER, The Cottace. Wood Hall, South Dulwich, S.E.
ANTED, a sober, energetic young MAN,
for the Kitchen Garden and Pleasure Grounds. Must
not be under 23 ; one unaccustomed to the work need not
app|y,_F. SOMERFORD, Cusworih Park, Doncasler, Yorks.
W^ ANTED, TWO young MEN, used to
Nursery Work.-Apply persinallv. FLORAL COM-
PANY, Haven Green Nurseries, Ealing. W.
WANTED, the services of a young man
(not over 3O. as CORRESPDNDING CLERK,
CASHIER, and ASSISTANT MANAGER. He mun be an
efficient Accountant, possess a good knowledge of a Florist's
and Seedsman's Business, and be competent to undertake the
entire Charge of the Business during the absence of the manager.
The business is a l.irce one, the specialities being Cut Flowers
and Oichids. in addilinn to General Nursery and Smnll Seed
Trade. To a competent man a go^id and progressive salary
will he given. Fashionable town in the West of England. —
Apply, in first instance, with full particular's, testimoni.Tis, and
photo, to X., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 6, Leadenhall Street. E.G.
ANTED, an UNDER CLERK, for a few
weeks, or may be a permanency. — Apply by letter,
stating salary, &c.. to WATKlNS and SIMPSvfN, Exeter
Street, Strand, W.C.
ANTED, as TRAVELLER, an energetic
young man. who has had experience in Wholesale and
Retail Nursery Stock. Unexceptional references required —
Apply by letter in the first instance, to CRANSTON'S NUR-
SERY AND SEED COMPANY (Limited), King's Acie,
Hereford.
WANTED, for a first-class business in
Briehton, a young LADY, experienced in the Making
of Wreaths, Crosses, Bouquets. Buttonholes, &c., and a General
Knowledge of the Cut Flower Department.— Apply by letter
onlv. stating age. experience, and salary required, to W.
BALCHIN. Sillwood Conservatory. 87, Western Road,
Brighton.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.
JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
, Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn, W,C.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, S:c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
TT^ G. HENDERSO N and SON
JL.^ • have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and good character waiting re-engagem-^nts
as HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring such, — Pine-
apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W.
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, are in a position
to recommend a thoroughly competent man as GARDENER,
or as GARDENER and BAILIFi-', to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requiring such.
ANDSCAPE GARDENER.— Wanted, by
a gentleman (30 years of age) well versed in Designing
and Carrying Out of Plans, &c , assisted by a thorough practi-
cal general knowledge of the profession, a place as Superin-
tendent and Draughtsman with a Landscape Gardener, Architect,
or a Corporation. Excellent references. — X. Y. Z , Gar'
derters' Chronicle O^c^. 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W C.
GARDENER (Head, where one or two are
kept, or Single-handed). — Age 27, single; well up in
all branches. Good character.— W. BROWN, Lesbourne Road,
Reigate.
ARDENER (He.\d).— Age 28, married, no
family ; well up in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Or-
chids, &c. Total abstainer. Excellent testimonials. — A. B ,
The Garden, Bark Hart, Orpington, Kent.
/^ARDENER (Head).— Age %^, married, two
V-^ children (ages eight and ten). 'Iwenty-four years' expe-
rience in all branches. Good character. — HE AD GARDENER,
Woodlands, Nightingale Lane, Clapham, S.W.
(^ARDENER (Head), in a Nobleman's or
^^ Gentleman's Garden. — Mariied, no family; thoroughly
competent in Forcing Grapes, Fruit, and Flowers. Good
character.- S. W.. Chapel Lane, Hillingdon, Middlesex.
piARDENER (Head), to any Lady or
T-^ Gentleman requiring the services of a thorougaly prac-
tical, trustworthy man —Age 30, single. Fourteen years' ex-
perience. Good character. Four years in last place. —J.
LAMMAS. Hurst Twyford, Berks.
(^ARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— H. Carl-
V-^ TON, Gardener to the Marquis of Ormonde, Kilkenny
Castle, Ireland, can, with every confidence, recommend his
late Foreman, Richard Woodfine, who was with him two years,
to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the service of a
"loroughly trustworthy and energetic man and experienced
truit and Plant Grower, and equally efficient at Flower and
Kitchen Gardening and the requirements of a large establish-
ment. — H. CARLTON, The Gardens, Kilkenny Castle,
Ireland.
GARDENER (Head).— Stephen Castle,
The Vineyard, West Lynn. .Norfolk, will be glad to
recommend to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring his ser-
vices a ihorougbly practical man as Head Gardener (Scotch-
man), with over twenty years' experience in some of the finest
places ill England and Scotland.— For particulars and references
addre.'s as above.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29;
thirteen yeara' experience in all branches of the profes-
sion Good character from present and previous employers. — I.
ABBOTT, Langlebury, Watford. Herts.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age~3o,
married ; thoroughly experienced in all branches. First-
class reterences. — H. T., Tlie Gardens, Harbord House.
Richmond, Surrey.
GARDENER (Head Working), where one
or more are kept, or Single tlANDHD). — Married ;
understands Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and
Kitchen Gardening. Can be highly recommended. — L.
EYDEN, Br.igbury, Stevenage. Hens.
r:j.ARDENER (Head Working), where
V-^ more are kept— Middle-aged, marriad, one son (age 12) ;
thoroughly crimpctent. Twenty-five years' practical experience.
Twelve years' character from present employer.— gardener,
Mr. Surman, High Street, Witney, Oxon.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36,
married, no family. ^5 Bonus will be given to any
person who may he the means of lh° Advertiser securing a
suitable situation. Thoroughly practical in all branches of
gardening. Excellent references.— P. A., 6, Hugoa Road,
Wandsworth Bridge Road, Fulham, S.W.
ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
—Well quahtiei in alt Drai.ches, Good character —
Apply, stating wages, to E. G., 20, Havelock Street, Canter-
bury.
(^ARDENER.— Age 30, single; thorough
V-^ knowledge of Horticulture. Orchids a speciality.
Moderate wages.— H. HORSFALL. Saravdle. Barnet.
/^ARDENER, where others are kept.— Age
VJ 27; well up in General Garden Management. No
objection to Land and Stock. Good references irom past and
present ent^ployers.- J. SEABRIGHT, The Gardens, Barrow
Point, Pinner, Middlese-x.
GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 33,
married, one child (age 8); thoroughly experienced in
all branches. — E. P., Tankerton Castle, Whilstable.
GARDENER (Single-handed).— Married,
no family, respectable. Good character. No objection
to Pony and Trap.— GEORGE DUNFORD, Station Road,
Twyford. Berks.
GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 25,
Mngle; understands Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons,
and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Total abstainer. Good
character.— E.W. W. FADEN, Nurseryman, Maslanes, Hemel
Hempstead, Herts.
/^IJ.ARDENER (Single-handed) ; age 25.—
VJ A Gentleman can highly recommend his Gardener as
abDve. Twelve years' experience of Gardening in all its
branches. Three years' good character.— C, G., Grey Court,
Ham, Surrey.
/^ARDENER (Working), or FOREMAN
VJI in good establishment— Age 28 : well up in Early and
Late Forcing. Good character from last and previous em-
ployers^;. A., Pyt House Dairy, Tisbury, Wilts.
GARDENER~7nexrThe~" ForemaiTx o^
second, in a Gentleman's Garden. — Age 21 ; six
years' experience. Good character. Total abstainer. — P
BARFIELD, Higham, Colchester.
ARDENER (SECOND). — Age 27; has a
good knowledge of General Routine. Good references.
Please state wages. — F. E., 2, Elaine Grove, Kentish Town,
London, N.W.
GARDENER (Second), where three or four
are kept.— Age 22 ; has been Growing for Covent Garden.
Outside work not objected to occasionally. Handy Man on a
Gentleman's estate. Good chiracter. Small Premium given —
Please stale particulars.- S. WOOD TURTLE, Old Charlton.
Kent.
/^ARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
V-^ ment.— Age23; persevering; good character at hand.
Total abstainer.— H. G., Ash Stourpaine, BJandford, Dorset.
ARDENER (Under).— Age i8 ; two years'
experience. — W. SMITH, 7, Walker Street, GUford
Road, Poplar, E.
ARDENER (Under); age 24.—
F. Webrer, Quarry Hill Nurseries, Tonbridge, Kent,
can. with confidence, highly recommend a young man of good
ability and first-class character as above. Eight years' expe-
rience in good places.
Tj^OREMAN, in a Gentleman's garden.—
J- Bothy preferred. Three years' good character.— T.
MOSS. Titley, Herefordshire.
Tj^OREMAN, Inside or Out, or both combined.
J- —Age 25 : nine years' experience in large establishments.
"Total abstainer. Well recommended.— S. FAY, Alvediston,
Salisbury.
'p'OREMAN, in the Houses.— W. STEPHENS,
-L for nearly three years Foreman at Basing Park Gardens,
seeks re-engagement ai above ; ten years' practical experience
in all departments. First-class references.— Ham Manor Gar-
dens, near Worthing, Sussex.
To Nurserymen and Florists.
T^OREMAN of the Glass Department.—
-L Fourteen years' e.tperience. Well up in Hard and Soft-
wooded Stuff, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. Good Grower
for Market, and Bouquetist F.-ur years' reference to present
employer.— WILLIAM WALTERS, Whittington Nursery,
Lichfield.
JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment
f ' the Houses or outside.— Age 23 ; good testimonials
T3R0PAGAT0R (Foreman) and GROWER
J- for Market.— Age 25 ; eleven years' experience in the
London Market Trade. Good character. — CHARLES
JOHNSON, Stamford Nursery, liouldon, Chester.
JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
'-' Age 20; eight years' good character. Please slate wages,
&c.— J. BARRUW, I, Albion Koad, Twickenham. Middlesex.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good
*' establishment. — Age 22 ; two yenrs* good character, —
E. B., Mr. Maxlow. Frognal Cottage, Chislehurst, Kent.
rOURNEYMAN,in a good establishment.—
^ Age2r;^even years' experience in good situations. — E.
SMITH, The Gardens, Kelham, Newark, Notts.
iment in
- . .-^- _j , „ lonials and
character. —H. B., 28, St. Radigans, Canterbury, Kent.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
^ establishment.— Age 22.— A. McLEOD, Sudbury House,
Harrow-on-the-HilI.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good
*'-' establishment.— Age zr : two years' good ch.iracter —
JOHN WILLIS, Wapley Hill, Chipping Sodbury, Gloucester-
shire.
JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
^J Age 21 : six ye.-irs' first-class character from Shipley Hall,
Gardens, Derby, and Keele Hall Gardens. StafTordshire. Bothy
preferred— J. BURROWS. Mapperly, near Derby.
JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
t-' Age 20 : six years' experience in good situations. Highly
recommended. — T. BARRATT, Capesthorne Hall, Crewe,
Cheshire.
IMPROVER.— Age i8 ; some experience in
all branches ; Houses preferred. Good character.— G.
WEBB. The Mount, Shortlands, Bromley, Kent.
JMPROVER, in a Lady's or Gentleman's
-■- Garden. — Strong and active. Please state wages. —
W. CAREY, New Street, Chipping Norton, Oxon.
JMPROVER, in a Gentleman's garden, in the
-L Houses. — Age 20 ; six years' experience. Two years' good
character. Bothy preferred. State wages, &c JONAS
HaYNES, Woodside. East Barnet, Herts.
IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
garden. —-Age 21: active, willing, and obliging. Six
years' good character.- G. P., 55, Thornton Street, Brixton
Road. S.W.
O GARDENERS. — A respectable young
man {aged 20) desires a situation in the Garden. Five
years in last place. Please state wages.— A. F., Mrs. Akers,
Datchet, near Windsor, Berks.
(Curator (Assistant), SECRETARY,
V^ LIBRARIAN, or any Situation connected with Botany.
— Advertiser (age 26), having devoted considerable time to
the study of English Botany, is open (or a situation as above.
Good references. — H. S., 33, Pine Street, Bradford, Yorks.
To Nurserymen and Seedsmen,
BOOK-KEEPER, CLERK, SHOPMAN,
or could Manage a Business. — Age 38; can be well recom-
mended.—A. B., Mr. Homer, Stationer, 6, Broad Street,
Birmingham.
Seed Trade!
SHOPMAN (Head).— Has had twenty-two
years' good experience in the various departments and
management, viz.. Flower, Flower Root, Vegetable and Agri-
cultural Seeds, together with a good knowledge of Growing
Root Crops for show purposes. Buying, Preparing Catalogues
for Printers, &c. Good references. — T. D. T., 152, Hounds-
ditch, London, £.
To Seedsmen and Florists.
SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT).— Thoroughly trust-
worthy and obliging. Knowledge of Plants, Seeds, Cut
Flowers. Highly recommended. — S. S., 44, Mill Street^
Hereford.
HOPMAN (Second). — Well up in the
Retail Seed and Bulb Trade. Six and a half years'
experience. Good Penman, — W. F., 3, Church Lane, Cheshunt,
Herts.
PACKER (Head), in one of the London
Nurseries. — Cause of leaving, death of employer. Three
years' good reference.— C. W., 3, Mill Terrace, Lotts Road,
Chelsea, S.W.
Cures of Coughs. Colds, and Throat Affections by
DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS.
— From Mr. Lea, Drugeist, Ellesmere : — " I would
recommend you to give more publicity to your Wafers; it is
astonishing what good effects are resulting from them." In
Asthma, Consumption, Bronchitis, Coughs. Colds, Rheumatism,
and all Hysterical and Nervous Complaints instant relief and
a rapid cure isgiven by the Wafers, which taste pleasantly. Sold
by all Druggists, at \s. i \^d. , 2s. gd. , 4s. 6d. , and i is, per Box.
HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENTandPILLS.—
Diseases and Casualties incidental to youth may be safely
treated by the use of these excellent Medicaments according lo
the printed directions folded round each pot and box. Nor ii
this Ointment alone applicable to external ailments ; conjointly
with the Pills it exercises the most salutary influence in checking
subtle diseases situated in the interior of the body : when rubb- d
upon the back and chest it gives the most sensible relief m
Asthma, Bronchitis. Pleurisy, and threatening Consumptioii.
HoUoway's remedies are especially serviceable in Liver and
Stomach Complaints. For the Cure of Bad Legs, all sorts of
Wounds, Sores, Scrofulous Ulcerations, and Scorbutic affections,
this Ointment produces a coolmg and soothing effect, in-
expressibly grateful to the feelmgs.
96
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 21, 1883.
No. 18— Gold Medal BoUer.
No. 43.- Dome-Top Boiler.
STEVEN BROS. & CO.,
IRONFOUNDERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF HOT-WATER APPARATUS,
35 and 36, UPPER THAMES ST., LONDON, B.C.
No. 28.— Terminal End
BoUer.
Illustrated Price List on
application. Special Prices
quoted for quantities.
Garden Boilers.
The Largest and Best Stock of Hot-water
Boilers, Pipes, Connections, Coil Boxes, Coil
Cases, Furnace Fittings, &'C., in London.
Single and Double Cylinder Garden
Rollers with wooden handles. Prices on
application.
A very economical boiler.
GOVERNMENT CONTBACTOES BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT.
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S MEETING AT YORK, JULY 16 to 20.
T. H. P. DENNIS & COMPANTS EXHIBIT.
stand, No. 398. Open Ground Space.
NEW SYSTEMS OF PATENT GLAZING, CHEAP CONSERVATORIES, GREEN-
HOUSES and SUMMER HOUSES, RIVERS' WALL COVER, MELON FRAMES and PLANT
PROTECTORS, PATENT BOILERS and VALVES for Heating Apparatus.
Ca// and inspect them, or write for Catalogue of Novelties for this season.
Address-MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural PurposeSi
Illustrated CATALOGUE, i/^th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medala, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
P A X T O N'S GALE N D A R .
NOW READY, A REVISED EDITION OF THE
Cottagers Calendar
OF
GARDEN OPERATIONS-
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.
Price 3d. ; post-free, 3id.
20s. per 100.
If ordered in quantities of not less than 200, Carriage will be paid to any part ot the United Kingdom.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Beadbuhy, Aqnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, m the County of Middlesex, and ruDlisnea oy
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, July 21, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mknzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
i
u
' THE
C^ £^'
ARDENERS' CHRONICLE
estatilisijeti I84i.
No. 500.— Vol. XX. {ser.es.} SATURDAY, JULY 28, 1883.
I Registered at the General ) Plice 5d.
I Post-office as a Newspaper. rpoST-FREE ^\d
CONTENTS.
/Echmea Barleei..
Alpine plants
American blight ..
Begonias, tuberous
Bog plants
Books noticed
Botanical Magazine, in-
dex to the
Caladium. the
Campanula urliccefolia
flore-pleno . . ..
Cattleya Schtuderiana . .
Dodwell. E. S
Floral fireplaces . .
Forestry . .
Frog and grubs . .
Fruit trees in the suburbs
Grapes and vineries
Hardy fruit garden
Hedychiums planted out
Insects injurious to fruits
Ismenes, the
Lily culture, progress in
London Roses ., ..
Maxillaria irrorata
Melon growing . .
Obituary ..
Orangery, the
Orchid notes
Orchard-house ..
Parcels Post, the
Peas, everlasting
Phalsnopsis Sanderiana
PlaBioIIrion Horsmanni
Plants, new garden
Potato crops
,, disease
,, ,, Mr. Jensen and
the ..
Pilnos Jacquemonti
Roadside gardens
Ruscus androgynus
Sarcopodium Dearei
Sarracenias at Glasnevin
Societies : —
Royal Horticultural , .
National Carnation and
Picotee
Torquay Horticultural
Street planting in Cal-
cutta
Weather, the
Zenobiaspeciosa var. pul-
verulenta
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Nutmeg Gatherer, a
Plagiolirion Horsmanni . .
Portrait of Mr. E. S. Dodwell
Sarcopodium Dearei
Winter Garden, Plan of, M. Dalli&re's
Zenobia speciosa var. pulverulenta
116
10s
113
108
117
icg
The Fruit Crops.
J^HE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE
* (price sd.. Post-free sM'/Jfor AUGUST 4
WILL CONTAIN THE
ANNUAL TABULATED REPORT ON THE
CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS
With the same Number will be presented a finely executed
Double-page Engraving of the splendid
NEW HYBRID ORCHID, L^XIA VEITCHIANA,
and a Portrait of
MR. CHARLES TURNER, of SLOUGH.
May be ordered of all Booksellers and Newsagents
and at the Railway Bookstalls. '
W.
RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
T IVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
-*-*, ASSOCIATION.
GREAT ANNUAL SUMMER SHOW will be held in
Sefton Park, on SATURDAY and MONDAY, August 4 and 6,
PRIZES '^ HUNDRED POUNDS will be given in
Entries Close July 31. For Schedules and further informa-
tion apply to the Secretary,
JOSEPH GORE, 34. Ullet Road, Liverpool.
SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL
*--> SOCIETY'S GREAT SUMMER SHOW
riTv P^^^y- Shrewsbury. WEDNESDAY and THURS-
SctVA"^"!-' '1^"** '^;, ^OU^ HUNDRED POUNDS in
funi'aluSm ^° '^'"^'^' ^^^' ^=°- ^■5- S'^^^^"'- -^
ShrewsbuJ^f'"''' ^^^^'^ ^"° NAUNTON. Hon. Sec.
W\^n^rlSJ>^^^^^ AGRICULTURAL
tT SOCIETY -MEETING AT COVENTRY. 1883
President— The Earl of Warwicic.
heM*^^^h^^c:i,"^^^'^^>'^U^^L EXHIBITION will be
held on the Show Ground, on TUESDAY and WEDNES-
' ihZi'JT " ^^1?^- J^*= Schedule of Prizes ofTered by
the Society, open to all England, may be had of
Mr. THOS. WKSSTQN^jW^^P , Coventry.
i /-^ TLT A r. T T^ Carnations and Picotees. '
nHARLES TURNER'S fine Collection of
\ Ti,= -KT .• 1*^^ .^^ ^""^ "°* '" good bloom.
1 on Tue^dav'"h 1v°''"^A^'''>"-^^ ^J" ^''^''^'"O" ^t the Nursery,
on luesday. July -11. Admission free.
J The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
T¥ ?°^^S IN POTS.-S^eraUh^uilnds
■ lM„f V? -l' f 'x3",' ■'"I'lly. and full of buds, includine a fine
Wce?'ratnS,"' N.phe.os-.he ,a„er-,u severaf ^ife"!
i Wu|h sS."""'"''''^ Nurseries. Golden Farmer, Fam-
D. ll ^,??^¥^' '^^'<J«"' Holland, has a
W per \"r S»™ I °^ CONVALLARIA CLUMPS. Price
, '"'■ P'f 'CO, bample on application.
pAUL AND SON'S ROSES. -These are
equal ?nhe"''fi;'''!' '" ^°'""j <"" ">" '<" ""^"V Vears, indeed
exceedlo^T:,''""' >""".■■ 87? " -S^S. The blooming plants
OMt LonSn ' ""f "'"1''^^ "^ •*""' anywhere
The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herls.
1 One mile Irom Cheshunt Station, G.E.R.
TULY IN THE GARDEN.
O What to Sow.
T
HE BEST CABBAGES and LETTUCES.
CABBAGE. — CARTERS' HEARTWELL
EARLY MARROW— Pronounced to be the finest early
Cabbage in cultivation. Very distinct. Indispensable both
for the gentleman's garden and for market purposes. In sealed
packets only -zs. per ounce ; fid. and i.r. per packet, post-free.
Carters' Heartwell Cabbage was awarded the First Prize in a
competition of 20 varieties at the Great International Exhibition
held in Manchester, August 24, 1881.
CABBAGE. — CARTERS' MAMMOTH
BEEFHEART.— The best main-crop Cabb.ige ; large
firm heads of exquisite flavour, invaluable both for table and
exhibition. In sealed packets, is. per ounce, is. per packet,
post-free.
pABBAGE. — CARTERS' MINIATURE
Vy DRUMHEAD.— An early, globular-shaped Cabbage, of
delicate flavour and good colour, is. per ounce, 6d. per packet,*
post-free.
ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE
COS.— The largest, most delicious, and best summer Cos
Lettuce in cultivation. No tying required, Heads very solid
and crisp eating. 2s. 6d. per ounce, 6a'. and is. per packet,
post-free.
ETTU CE. — DUNNETT'S GIANT
WINTER COS.— Very hardy and crisp. 2j. per ounce,
6d. and ij. per packet, post-free.
T ETTUCE.— ALL THE YEAR ROUND.
■*~^ — Crisp and compact. If sown at intervals it will provide
Lettuces all the year round. 25. per ounce, 6d. and is. per
packet, post-free.
CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by
Royal Command to H.R_H. the Prince of Wales.
237 and 238, High Holboro, London. W.C.
pREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
V-^ in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Hyacinths, Tulips. Crocus, Lilies, &o.
p G. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
vy. Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready and
may be had on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.
Peacies. Nectarines, Melons, Grapes, Tomatos, and
OTHER CHOICE FRUITS.
WILLIAM DENMAN, Horticultural
Agent, Covent Garden, W. C. is prepared to RECEIVE
LARGE or SMALL CONSIGNMENTS of the above. Un-
known senders aie requested to communicate before sending.
To tlie Horticultural Trade, &c.
WILLIAM DENMAN, Horticultural
Agent, Covent Garden. W.C. will be pleased to
RECEIVE COMMISSIONS from Provincial Nurserymen
and others in any matters connected with Horticulture.
N.B —A large stock of German LILY of the VALLEY
CROWNS, and BELGIAN SPIRVEAS, for DISPOSAL at low
prices.
WANTED, EUCHARIS AMAZONICA, strong flowering
established bulbs.
PHILLIPS AND CO. have to offer 150 Store
Pots of EUCHARIS AMAZONICA. lo to 12 good strong
bulbs, in 6, 7. and 8 inch pots, price i8f. per dozen pots : also
STATICE HOLFOKDII, ins and 6 inch pots, i8r. per dozen.
For cash or useful EXCHANGE. , ) , . . 1 II
The Torbay Nurseries; Toi'qflay.
IVTESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
,^'-*- Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Maiket,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and L.ibels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
WANTED, 10,000 narrow-leaved GOLDEN
, „„ EUONYMUS CUTTINGS. Quoie price per ,000.
J. BREWIN, Florist, Farm Lane. Walham Green, Fulham.S.W.
W ANTED, PELARGONIUM
»T CUTTINGS, best market varieties. LIST of sorts
and pr'Ce per 100 or rooo to
J. YATES, DICKSON and CO., 18, Ale.-sandiia Road,
Mancnester.
WANTED, SNOWDROPS, Single and
" " Double. Sample and price to
FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Seedsmen, Norwich.
WANTED, PEACHES, NECTARINES,
GRAPES, MELONS, CUCUMBERS, TOMATOS
&c. Also Mar&hal Niel ROSES. EUCHARIS ORCHIDS
ORANGE BLOSSOM, GARDENIAS, &c '
WISE and RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen. Covent Garden.
TyANTED, about Fifty Fruiting and Succes-
;„ ,.V.°,"„'3''«n PINES. Price and particulars o
W. KNIGHT AND CO., Nurserymen, Ore, Hastings.
For Sowing in July.
BUTTONS' CALCEOLARIA. THE BEST.
From Mr. J. Darbvshire. Gardener to W. Smith, Esq.,
Wilmslow. May 16, 1883.— " I got First Prize with your Per-
fection Calceolarias at the Botanic Show on Friday. They are
really splendid, 2 feet through, and well marked."
Price, I J. 6d., is. 6d., and 5r. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' CINERARIA. THE BEST.
From Mr- H. K. Ward, Gardener to W. H. Budgetl,
Esq., Stoke Bishop, April 2, 1883.—" Your Cineraria is the best
strain I have yet seen. I have taken the Premier Prize with
them three years in succession. Your strain look the First
Prize against fourteen or fifteen competitors, and a finer half-
dozen plants could scarcely be got together."
Price, IS. 6d. , 2s. 6d. , and 5s. per packet, post-free.
SUTTONS'~"PRIMULA. THE BEST.
From F. J. Walker. Esq., The Priory, Bath, Jan. 3,
1883.—'* I took First Prize for Primulas at the Bath Chrysan-
themum and Primula Show from the seed you supplied us with
last year. There was a great competition. Your strain cannot
be surpassed."
Price, IS. 6i/., 2i. 6d., ^s. 6d., and 5^. per packet, post-free.
UTTONS' BEGONIA. THE BEST.
" The Begonias are perfection. I have a small con-
servator)? entirely filled with them, which are the admiration of
all my friends. "—J. Darlington, Esq., Netherwood.
Price, ij., i,r. 6d.t 2s. 6d., and 55. per packet, post-free.
BUTTONS' GLOXINIA. THE BEST.
From Miss Dunsterville, Airdie, Malvern Link. Feb. 3,
1883.— "The Gloxinia seed has produced the finest blooms I
have ever seen even in the Crystal Palace Show."
Price, 2S. 6d. and 5s. per packet, post-free.
s
UTTON AND SONS
The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. BERKS.
/-1HOICE SELECTIONS of ALPINES and
W HERBACEOUS PLANTS.— loo for aSs : 200, 6or. ; 300
loof.; 400, I40i.: 500, 20or. Distinctspecies, established in pots.
SAXIFRAGES. — 100. 28r. : 200. loor., distinct species and var.
CATALOGUE on application.
STANSFIELD BROS.. Soulhport.
Eaat Lothian Intermediate Stoolra.
THOMAS METHVEN and SONS
beg to offer their choice strain of the above, in four
colours, viz., Scarlet, Purple, White, and Crimson, at ir., 2s. 6d.,
and ss. each colour. Price to the Trade on application.
15, Princes Street. Edinburgh.
RH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
'• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials.
Post-free on application.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston. Birmingham.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, Sea.
T3UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
-L* Gkowers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS, single and
double; PYRETHRUMS, single and double: PHLOXKSand
TEA ROSES : CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
N
Tea Roses -Tea Roses.
fyHE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
-L COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
OTICE.— Intending planters should visit
.„^o^,?'"' Nurseries. Many thousand Standard and Dwarfc
ROSES are no* in bloom. FRUIT TREES in great variety,
in faU bearing. Now is the best time to select ORNA-'
MENTAL TREES and SHRUBS for autumn planting..
150 acres of Nursery Stock in fine condition.
H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Beikhamsted, Herts.
/^RCHIDS. — We invite intending purchasers
V^' to pay us a visit and inspect our houses.
The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63.
P ~^ I M U L A sT
-L TOMKINS' CELEBRATED PRIMULAS.
This years' crop is noiv harvested and Seed is exceptionally
fine. All first-class varieties. In packets. 2r, 6J. and sr. each.
Best terms to the Trade.
Address, THE NURSERIES. Spark Hill, near Birmingham.
BTo the TradS
AUMFORTH'S SEEDLING
RASPBERRY.
Special Prices for Orders before September i may be had on
application.
EDMUND J-HILIP DIXON, Hull.
QTRAWBERRY RUNNERS, from twenty
kJ 'choice varieties. Price LIST on application. Sample box
of plants with fruit, 4d. " Manual on Slrawberry Culture "&/
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.
_ Rape Seed.— Mustard Seed. • -■
(^HARLES SHARPE and CO.
V^ have the above to offer. Samples and prices on applica-
tion. Sleaford.— July, 1883.
98
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 28, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Tuesday Next.
SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. ^8, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, July 31, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, in consequence of change of
residence, the first portion of the Scientific Library of Mons.
Boncatd, Vovaaeur Naturaliste, containing many valuable
Works, such as the IBIS, MISSION SCIENTIFIQUE
DU' MEXIQUE, Works of LESSON. SCHOOLCRAFT,
CHENU, ANNALES DE LA SOClfiTE LINNEENE. and
TRANSACTIONS of the GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, &c-
On view after 2 o'Ciock the day prior and morning of Sale,
and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
ONCIDIUM CRISPUM, MILTONIA SPECIES, DEN-
DROBIUM DALHOUSIANUM, VANDA PARISHI,
SACCOLABIUM GIGANTEUM. VANDA ROX-
BURGHI, VANDA DENISONIANA, DENDRO-
BIUM FORMOSUM, D. JAMESIANUM, &c.
MR. T. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, on THURSDAY NEXT,
August z, imported Plants of the above : also a plant of
CATTLEYA SUPERBA SPLENDENS, in flower, fine
variety.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Auction Rooms andOflices, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Thursday Next.
CATTLEYA WAGNERI. CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZI.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander; to SELL by AUCTION, at
his Great Rooms. i8. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on
THURSDAY NEXT. August 2, at half-past 12 o Clock
precisely, a grand importation of CATTLEYA WARSCE-
WICZI, Rchb. f., the true species discovered by Watscewicz ;
also a small but fine lot of CATTLEYA WAGNERI, and other
importations.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA SEED, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, on THURSDAY NEXT,
Aupist 2, about 50 lb. of ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA SEED.
Also about 200 strong tubers of RANUNCULUS LV^ALLI,
the Mountain Lily of New Zealand, and ALPINE PLANTS
from the same locality.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Auction Rooms and Offices, aS.King Street, Covent Garden,W. C.
Thursday Next.
CATTLEYAS and L/ELIAS, various.
ODONTOGLOSSUMS received direct, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, on THURSDAY NEXT,
August 2, about 40 masses of CATTLEYAS and LjELIAS,
received direct, in fine condition : also 3 large cases of ODON-
TOGLOSSUM CRISPUM and species, received direct.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Auction Rooms and Oflices,38. King Street, Covent Garden,W.C.
Thursday Next.
CATTLEYA MOSSLB and C. SPECIES.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tionsfrom Messrs. F. Horsman & Co., of Colchester,
to inclilde in his SALE by AUCTI'>N, on THURSDAY
NEXT, August 2, about 50 lots of CATTLEYA MOSSI/E
(selected varieties) and C. SPECIES, collected with the former,
but very distinct in character, with short red bulbs and broad
leaves.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C.
Established Orchids, Falms, Dracsenas, Stephanotls,
FICUS, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include about
50 lots ol the above in his SALE, on THURSDAY,
August 9. from the Royal Exotic Nursery. Tooting.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Auction Rooms and Offices. 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C.
Established Orchids. &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION on THURSDAY, August 9,
about 70 lots of fine ESABLISHED ORCHIDS and NEPEN-
THES in variety from a private collection : also 60 lots of good
established plants of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXAN-
DRA, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Auction Rooms and Offices. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Preliminary Announcement.
la:lia elegans.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AQCTION. at
his Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, a
very grand importation of L^LlA ELEGANS. Further par-
ticulars will shortly appear.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tuesday Next.
L/ELIA ELEGANS, VANDA SANDERTANA,
CATTLEYA GIGAS, IMPERIALIS SANDERIANA, vars.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.. on TUESDAY NEXT,
July 31, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs.
Hugh Low & Co., a splendid lot of imported masses of
CATTLEYA GIGAS IMPERIALIS SANDERIANA,
vars. : LyELIA ELEGANS, fine imported specimens ;
CYPRIPEDIUM CONCOLOR, VANDA SANDERIANA,
and other choice ORCHIDS, the whole in first-claes con-
dition.
View morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street. E.C.
Tuesday Next.
IMPORTED ORCHIDS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their large Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, luly 3t,
at half-past ra o'clock precisely, CATTLEYA BOGOTENSIS,
C. PERCIVALIANA, ODONTOGLOSSUM, new species,
O. ALEXANDRA, O. PESCATOREI, O. VEXILLAR-
lUM, and other valuable ORCHIDS, by order of Mr. F.
Sander.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tuesday Next.
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION.'at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, about 150 lots of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, from various collections, including several rare
and valuable species, together with a few lots ot ORCHIDS in
FLOWER.
EnvUle Gardens, Stourbridge.
About 5 miles from the Stourbridge Stations.
IMPORTANT SALE of CHOICE PLANTS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are favoured with instructions from the Countess of
Stamford and Warrington to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, as above, on WEDNESDAY, August I, at 2 o'clock
precisely, a large quantity of beautifully grown ORNA-
MENTAL FOLIAGE PLANTS for the Stove and Green-
house, including handsome Tree Ferns, which embrace some
of the finest examples of Dicksonia antarctica ever offered,
several stately Palms, Ixoras, Crotons — many fit for exhibition,
Anthuriums, well-grown Caladiums, fifty specimen Eucharis,
splendidly furnished plants, in fine condition, &c.
On view the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues of Mr.
GREEN, on the Premises; or of the Auctioneers, 67 and
68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, London, E.C.
N.B. — A wagonette will meet certain trains on the day^of
Sale, to convey intending purchasers to the Gardens. (See
Catalogue. )
Friday Next.
CATTLEYA MENDELLI.
CATTLEYA SANDERIANA.
CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander 10 SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, August 3, at halfpast 12 o'clock
precisely, very splendid importations of CATTLEYA MEN-
DELLI, SANDERIANA, and GASKELLIANA, together
with a fine consignment of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXAN-
DRA, and other ORCHIDS.
• On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.C.
Dutch Bulbs.— Trade Sales.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that they have made special arrange-
ments for very extensive consignments of DUTCH BULBS of
the best quality during the ensuing season.
The FIRST SALES will take place at their Rooms on
AUGUST 20, 23, 27, and 30, and will consist of lots made up
particularly for the "I'rade and other large buyers.
Gentlemen desirous of receiving Catalogues throughout ihe
season can have a regular supply on application to the Auc-
tioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E C,
and enclosing twelve stamps.
London.
FOR SALE, a FLORIST and NURSERY
BUSINESS, with an extensive connection in Land-
scape Gardening and Jobbing. There are two Nurseries, held
at the low rental together of £6g, and well situate, in the midst
of a fashionable Residential District, only 4 miles from the
City and West End. Returns £\oao per annum. Books open
for inspection. Owner retiring, and will sell the whole concern
at a reasonable offer, about ;£2soo, which includes Greenhouses,
Lease, Goodwill, the immense and varied Stock in Trade,
Horses, Carts, and everything complete.
Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New
Broad Street, London, E.C.
Investment.— Important to Orchid Growers.
15 miles from London.
FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked
HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS—proprietor wishmg
to devote his whole time to another Business iq which he is
engaged. Capital opeaine for Growing Orchids.
Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New
Broad Street. E.C— (Folio 5865.) ^_^___
OR sale7~sidcup hill nursery,
Foot's Cray, Kent. Established over fifty years, and
widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of
the death (without issue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim, the Stock,
Leases, Business Structures, &c, of this Nursery are to be
immediately disposed of
For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the above address.
INVESTMENT.— A most comfortable, newly
erected MODERN RESIDENCE, at Twickenham, close
; to the Station and the river Thames— Dming-room, 24 x 18 ;
Billiard-room same size, two other Reception-rooms, seven
Bedrooms, Stabling, Grounds half an acre in extent, tastefully
laid out ; fine Orchid and Plant-houses, with all modern im-
provements. The whole most suitable to a Gentleman with a
taste tor horticulture. Price. ;£23oo.
Address, D., Messrs. Pottle & Son, Royal Exchange, who
will give cards to view.
O BE LET, ON LEASE, a good JOBBING
and LOCAL BUSINESS, upon favourable terms.
Apply to Mrs. G. SMITH, ToUington Nursery, ToUington
Park, Hornsey Road, N.
TMILLINGTON AND CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass. White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
TEA ROSES, fine plants, in 5-inch pots—
Mari£chal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others — 50J. per 100.
BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-pots, best kinds,
including Alfred Neuner, price 4or. per loo.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.
Boses on Own Boots.
/'CATHERINE MERMET,
V^ GLOIRE DE DIJON, ISABELLA SPRUNT,
RfiVE D'OR, &c.
Strong plants, 12 in. to 15 in. high. -js. per dozen, carriage paid.
MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
To tlie Trade only.-lO.OOO Maidenhair Ferns.
MESSRS. PERKINS and SONS are now
offering a very fine lot of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM,
in 72's, at 20s. per 100. Sample plant per post (to intending
purchasers) sent on application, is. per too package.
Warwick Road and Park Nurseries, Coventry.
KNIGHTON
(LEICESTERSHIRE)
FLOBAL and HORTICULTURAL SHOW ,
August 2.
To be held in the Grounds of T. Fielding Johnson, Esq. ,
Brookjidds, Knighton.
Open Class. Entries close July 30.
Entrance Fee, 5^.
PLANTS (not less than 8 varieties). Flowering,
Foliage, or both.— ist Prize, £1 3^. ; 2d, j:^'2 is. ; 3d, £,1. is.
ROSES (not less than 12 trusses), Distinct Var-
ieties.— 1st Prize. £,1 2S. : 2d, £i is.
COLLECTION of FRUIT.— ist Prize, ^i is.;
2d, los. 6d.
CUT FLOWERS (12 Varieties).— ist Prize,
£1 IS. ; 2d, 10s. td.
Entries to be sent to
Knighton, Leicester.
Mr. E. S. STONE, or X„ c
Mr. G. E. BOUSKELL, ( "°"- ^^"•
SEEDLING FOREST TREES, &c.—
Nurserymen visiting the North are respectfully invited
to call and inspect stock of above at the Monifieih Nurseries,
near Dundee. W. P. LAIRD and SINCLAIR.
For Sale.
D STEWART, Ferndown Nurseries, Wim-
• borne, Dorset, has for Sale a quantity of good Fruiting
ORANGE TREES, inlargepotsand tubs, 3 to 5 feet stems, and
heads from 310 5 feet through. Price about 10 guineas per pair.
Now in Full Bloom.
JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS
BEGONIAS, Gold Medal Collection, are the grandest floral
display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors.
Railway Stations— Catford Bridge. 5 minutes' walk : Forest
Hill, 15 minutes to Stanstead Park Nursery. Forest Hill.
CATALOGUE, new and descriptive. — Alpines
and Hardy Perennials, comprising 2000 species. Post-free
on application.— STANSFIELD BROTHERS, Southport.
YACINTHS. — HYACINTHS. — In
harvesting our Hyacinths some time ago we were
astonished to see the bulbs looking so grand and healthy this
season. We really do not think to have had such a fine crop
this last four years. Therefore we recommend our Customers
to order at once to secure the very best stuif. Special offers for
large quantities.
SEGERS AND CO., Bulb Growers, Lisse, near Haarlem,
Holland.
Notice.— Inspection Invited,
THOMAS S. WARE
has much pleasure in informing his numerous patrons and
all others interested in HARDY PLANTS, that a large portion
of his Collection is now in flower, including the following :—
PINKS, a grand collection, including Mrs. Sinkins, the
finest white ever sent out ; PICOTEES and CARNATIONS,
including Gloire de Nancy, and all of the best leading varieties ;
grand collections of PENTSTEMONS, POTENTILLAS,
and DELPHINIUMS. LILIUMS are in fine condition-
thousands of such grand varieties as colchicum, pomponium
verum, pardalinum, pumilum, Humboldtii, Parryi, californicum,
parvum, giganteum, pardalinum, Washingtonianum, and many
others, are either in full bloom or will be in a few days : as well
as many other BULBOUS PLANTS, CYPRIPEDIUM
SPECTABILE. ORCHIS HIRCINA, O. FOLIOSA, and
a host of other first-class HARDY PLANTS and BULBS.
Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, London.
BULB SEASON, 1883.
GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others,
by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may obcain the
FINEST BULBS at strictly WHOLESALE PRICES.
Write for PRICE LIST to THE CITY FLOWER. SEED,
and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch Street, and 80, St. Paul's
Churchyard, London, E.C.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (soma
of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from 12s. to 24J. per dozen, strong planU.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed ,
Merchants, Worcester. _
Primulas — Primulas — Primulas.
Fourteenth Year of Distribution.
WILLIAMS' SUPERB STRAIN,
rr. 6d?. per dozen, lor. per loo.
CINERARIAS same price. Package and carriage free. '
The above are quite equal to those I have sent out in previous
years. Cash with order.
JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry.
Special Offer of Spring
BROCCOLI and CELERY PLANTS, viz.: 1
Carters' Champion, Cattell's Eclipse, Early White, Late
White, Brimstone, Veitch's Autumn Giant CAULIFLOWER,
and other Autumn BROCCOLI, 5s. per 1000.
100,000 Red and White transplanted CELERY, 71. 6d. per 1000.
100.000 ditto, from seed bed, 5r. per 1000.
Strong and well rooted. Post-office Orders must accompany
all orders from unknown correspondents. Delivered free on lail.
W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, Guildford.
f^HADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED.
V_^ —This seed has been grown by careful selection lor six-
teen years, and planting the stems where the produce would
not be likely to be affected by Bees. It is liked by the Evesham
gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and is
recommended to Farmers as a safe crop to plant— selling Ihe
Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and good enough
—feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price 71. per pound
in small quantities ; 51. 6d. per pound for 20 lb. and upwards
For Cash only. Apply to
Mr. RANDELL, Chadbury, near Evesham.
July 28, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
99
AQUILEGIA GLANDULOSA
(Grigor's, guaranteed True).
Fine young plants of the above beautiful Columbine, to bloom
next spring, 301. per 100, or ts, per dozen. Also Seed, just
gathered, at -is. dd. and 5^. per packet, from
JOHN GRIGOR and CO.. The Nurseries, Forres, N.B.
The Trade supplied at Wholesale Prices.
To the Trade only.
EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nursery-
• MEN, Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland.
The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. ifi'^fC) of Dutch Flower
Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous- rooted Plants
for 1883-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen. Florists, and Seedsmen.
EABLT FOBCINO BULBS.
EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.
DOUBLE ROMAN .ind PAPER- WHITE NARCISSUS.
siLVtR Meoal-1891. Bronze MtoAL-i8si.
B. S. WILLIAMS
Begs to announce that he has received his usual annual con-
signments of the above bulbs. As they are invaluable for early
forcing, early orders are solicited, which will have prompt and
immediate attention.
The Bulbs are unusjtally fine this year.
VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES,
Upper Holloway, London, N.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
^d. per bushel : loo for 25^. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40J. ; 4-bushel bags, ^d. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 61^. psr sack;
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT,' 5s. per sack, 5 sacks 22s. ; sacks,
COARSE SILVER SAND. is. goT. per bushel ; 151. per half
ton, 26f per too ; in 2 bushel bags, \d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM. PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. Ss. 6i. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write forFree
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 11, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants. &c.. (.6 6i. per Truck- BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 155. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, is ; 5 Bags.
22J. 6if. ; 10 Bags, 4sr. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
loj. bd. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 521. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, {.i per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25^. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station. Hants.
COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, \s. per
bag, including bag. Truck-load, 25,1., free on rail, Ux-
bridge, G.W.R, Order accompanied by remittance will insure
prompt attention.
J. H. VAVASSEUR and CO.. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Mills,
Uxbridge, Middlesex.
OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. -^d. each, or
IS sacks, igf. ; 30 sacks, ;^i 5^., sacks included. Truck-load,
loose, 3'f. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-ioad free on to lail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
ished 1872 -J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound" Yard,
and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides
and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame-
rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale,
&c., and for Washing all Hard-
Wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonial.
" Colon Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
BEMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
Amortlser.— Amortlser. — Amortlser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
QTEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
>~J INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly,
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortlser for Watering the Ground which
Instantly Destroys Slugs. Wueworms. Caterpillars, Grubs, &c.
When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample
Cans, A,'i gallons, 31. td., tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
To Her
Most
Gracious
Majesty
Queen
Victoria.
To His
Royal
Highness
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
UiE CHUBB, ROUND AND CO.'S Patknt
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB^S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all ike Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Absolutely Pure. Free from any
Foreign Intermixture, Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '* Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is net to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTBOYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
A71 elegant Bordering to Fl(nver Beds. Combines warmth
aitd cleanliness with valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
IS. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 13^. ; 15 sacks, i8,j. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ;
30 sacks, -^os. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £1.
Limited quantities of P- M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory.— Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, qhuBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, MUIwall, London, E.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured liy the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by them and all Nurserymen a}id Seeds»te?i.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
peat, loam, silver sand,
prepared compost, raffia fibre,
tobacco cloth, &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . .. e,s. dd. per sack.
,, best black tibrous .. .. ..35. dd. ,,
,, extra selected Orchid .. .. 5s. od. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous . . . . "l
PREPARED COMPOST, best ..{is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. .. ( included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) ., .. ij. 3^^. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best ouly .. .. lorf. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. 8i. per lb.,28 lb. i8s.
,, PAPER, finest imported .. .. io(/. per lb., 28 lb. 21s.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST ferry road, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Certain Sudden DEATH
to all Grubs, Aphis, Lice, Red Spider, Thrips, Mealy
Bug, Caterpillars, &c.
Perfectly 1 to the Hands and Skin, but will cure Ring-
Harmless f worm and all Diseases produced by Parasites,
TREE OIL
(SOLUBLE) iNSEGTIGIO
A combination of Hydror;»rbon Oils made Soluble in Water.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that
Infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foliage. It cures Mddew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, S:c.
Cleans Grapes from Mildew or Mealy Bug without affecting
the bloom ; and, thickened with a little clay, makes a good
winter dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d., 2S. 6d., 4s. 6d. a bottle. Per
gallon 1 2 J. 6(/., or less in larger quantities. Each bottle bears
the Inventor's Trade Mark (a Cat's Head) and full directions
for use. Jl/a?i7e/actured by
E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wliolesale from all the London Seed Merchants and
Wholesale Druggists.
Naw YOKK : ROLKER and SONS,
r^ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
V-* of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in sululions of from
I to 20Z. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, it., 3f.,& tos.Cd.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's bruwh on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
/T^ISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
VJ fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, td.
and IS. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited), London.
FLORAL GU M.
Tliis Gum is guaranteed to effectually secure the petals
of flowers from falling. It is easily applied— dlies
instantaneously — and leaves no slain on the blossom.
Universally approved of by the leading Florists and Growers.
(See Testimonials.)
" 18, Wesibourne Grove, W., June 18, 1883.
" Gentlemen, — We have much pleasure in testifying to the
excellence of your Floral Gum, which we have used for some
years. It fixes the petals of flowers without injuring or staining
them. -Yours faithfully, ., j^g jj pQUNCE and SONS."
" Messrs. Hawes & Crisp."
CRYSTAL GUM .. 2s. od. pint. 3.1. 6(^. quart. i2,f. gallon
OPAQUE ,, .. is.td. „ 2S. gd. ,, los. ,,
Sample Bottle of either kind sent post-free for is. 3d. in stamps,
HAWES & CRISP.
103, 105, 107, QUEEN'S ROAD, BAYSWATER, W.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds.
Yorkshire.
SILVER SAND
DIRECT FROM PITS.
For lowest price, write
HENRY WILKEBSON,
LEIGHTON BUZZARD.
ELECTRIC THERMOMETERS,
for CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, &c
This Apparatus is most reliable for noting a rapid rise or
fall of temperature from any cause, and giving timely notice of
it bv Bell to Gardener's house or elsewhere.
Houses fitted with ELECTRIC BELLS, BURGLAR
ALARMS, LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS, &c.
Prices on application. Catalogue three stamps.
FRANCIS AND CO., Eagle Telegraph Works, Hatton
Garden. E C.
Boarier'B Gaxden Edging Tiles.
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of desien,
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfnais, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES."
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price Lists free by Post, The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c,
from 3i. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, seut for selection.
WHITE GLA2ED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths. &c. Grooved and other Subie
Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L ~V E R S~ AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered du-ect from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
TEN SILVER
AWARDED
MEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal POTTERY,
Whston-supkr-mare. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green- ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, is.
lOO
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
QULY 28, 1883.
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Maniu-es, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.G.
BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 feet. The largest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool.
REGISTERED TUBULAR FLOWER
STAKES, 2 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINERS,
6 feet by 4 feet. 2j. 6rf. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 feet
long, 6i.; TRELLISING, fromaj^i. square foot. HURDLES,
from 31. ARCHES, from loi. POT STANDS, from 61.
HANGING BASKETS from 6rf. GATES, FENCING;
NETTING, &c. Illustrated LISTS on application.
BROOKES & CO., 4, Cateaton Street, Manchester.— Estab. 1769.
UNDER SPECIAL BOYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sheep ana Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£'Z i6j. 6t/. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON,
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
HOSE.
PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.
Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus prov-
ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.
A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red-
Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever."
Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices.
Sample and Price of
MERRYWEATHER & SONS,
63, Long Acre, W.C. ; and Greenwich Road, London, S.E.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
The Best
and Quickest
Made.
4-in. Expansion Joint Hot -water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4f. 3^. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4^. 6rf. each.
Price List on application,
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
HE CENTRAL IRONWORKS COM-
PANY, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, ENGI-
NEERS, and IRON MERCHANTS, 252, Waterloo Road.
London, S.E. Manuraclurers' Prices with Catalogues on appli-
cation, for Hot-water Pipes and Connection, all sizes ; also
Boilers and Fittings, all Sizes — Wrought and Cast-iron. All
other Descriptions of Goods for Horticultural Requirements in
Stock.
RICK CLOTHS- RICK CLOTHS.
Before pttrchasing, send for Samples
and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSON, who
can supply a splendid article at a low-
price.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.
RICK CLOTHS, GARDEN NETTING,
&c.— KICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS, SACKS, and
every requisite for Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post-
free. Can be obtained of HENRY VAN and CO., 17, Tooley
Street, London, S.E.. who also supply GARDEN NETTING,
2 yards wide, lY^d. ; and 4 yards wide, 3^, per yard.
SCRIM CANVAS, i yard wide, -id. ; 1% yard, i]id. ; and
2 yards, td. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in pieces
of zo yards each, at 3^. 6i/. per piece.
NETTING for FruTt^^reesT Seed Beds,
Ripe Strawberries, &c.— TANNED NETTING for
protecting the above from Frost, Blight, Birds, &c., 2 yards
wide, zd. per yard, or 100 yards, i6j. ; 4 yards wide, i^. per
yard, or 50 yards, i6i. NEW TANNED NETriNG, suited
for any of the above purposes or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards
wide, 6d, per yard ; 4 yards wide, zs. per yard ; ^-inch mesh,
4 yards wide, \s. 6d per yard. TIFFANY, 5^. and 6^. per
piece of 20 yards.— EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7, Crooked
Lane, London Bridge, E.C.
Orchid Baskets.
SIDNEY WILLIAMS' superior Octagonal
Teak ORCHID BASKETS, with Galvanised or Copper
Wire, from 6s. per dozen upwards. Send for new illustrated
Price LIST to 23, Farringdon Road, London, E.C.
EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.
EARLY ROMAN and PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.
Tames Veitch & Sons
•^ BEG TO ANNOUNCE THEV HAVE RECEIVED THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF
THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORGING,
and will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery.
BULB CATALOGUE for 1883, Ilbistr.xted with upwards of do Woodcuts, is now ready,
and wilt be forwarded Postfree on application.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.
TUESDAY NEXT.
LytUA ELEGANS, VANDA SANDERIANA,
CATTLEYA GIGAS IMPERIALIS SANDERIANA, vars.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on TUESDAY
NEXT, July 31, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., a
splendid lot of imported masses of CATTLEYA GIGAS IMPERIALIS SANDERIANA, vars. ;
L^LIA ELEGANS, fine imported specimens ; CYPRIPEDIUM CONCOLOR, VANDA
SANDERIANA, and other choice ORCHIDS, the whole in first-class condition.
On View Morning of Sale.
CATALOGUES at the ROOMS, and 8, NEW BROAD STREET, LONDON, E.C.
W ARN E R'S
PATENT
ANNULAR SAIL
AND
STAR WINDMILLS,
Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying
Farms, Railways, Mansions, &c.
Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are at Work in every part of the World.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Reliable made.
P„| - includingTimber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, _PQC
r riCCi complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, 3^£m\J
Prices of larger sizes for Pumping, Grinding, Fai'm
and Mill Work in troporiion.
Price Lists, Testimonials -ind I T \ Ar A 1? "NT IP "D JP/» Gl^XTC!) CRESCENT FOUNDRY,
Catalogues on application. ) J . W ^X\iiN HlXi OC O^IN O i CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C.
PAXTON'S CALENDAR.
Now ready, a Revised Edition of the
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
OF
GARDEN OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.
Price 3d., Post Free S|d.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
July 28, 1883,]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
lOI
y^EBBS' EMPEROR
CABBAGE.
The Best Cabbage in Cultivation,
6tl. and Is. per Packet, 2s. per Ounce.
I
Mr J. Muir, In the "Journal of Horti-
culture," of May 24, 1883, says :—
"Our largest piece of Spring Cabbage
measures 70 feet x 50 feet, ana here
we have many sorts growing. The
beat of all these at the present time is
WEBBS' EMPEROR."
Per Ounce, Post-free.
EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE . . Bd.
ENFIELD MARKET do. .. 8d.
EARLY RAINHAM do. .. 9d.
EARLY DWARF YORK do. .. 6d.
RED DUTCH do. 6d. pkt. Is.
ONION. P„cW. Ounce
WEBBS' NEW RED GLOBE TRIPOLI, 6d. I Is.
WEBBS' WHITE ITALIAN TRIPOLI, 6d. 9d.
LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI . . 6d. 9d.
GIANT ROCCA 6d. Is.
WHITE LISBON 6d.
WHITE SPANISH, or READING .. .. 6d.
All Garden Seeds Free by Post or Rail.
5 r(':R CENT. nSCOl'NT FOR CASH.
WEBB &, SONS,
THE QUEENS SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRID6E.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAGINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price 6t^.) contains much useful information as well as " Hinis
on Fern Culture." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from i Sj. to 36.?. per dozen.
These "World-famed ROSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
D A N I E L S'
"WHITE ELEPHANT TRIPOLI.
I The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference.
Seed, with complete Cultural Directions,
ij. 6(f. per packet, post-free.
Daniels Bros. ('""iSpr.rrr"'), Norwich.
The Fruit Crops.
'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
-* (price ^-i., Post-free i%d.) for AUGUST 4
WILL CONTAIN TUli
ANNUAL TABULATED REPORT ON THE
CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS.
With the same Number will be presented a finely executed
Double-page Engraving of the splendid
NEW HYBRID ORCHID, L/ELIA VEITCHIANA,
and a Portrait of
MR. CHARLES TURNER, of SLOUGH.
May be ordered of all Booksellers and Newsagents,
and at the Railway Bookstalls.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
CABBAGE
FOR PRESENT SOWING
3 SUTTONS'
IMPERIAL.
The best Cab-
bage for spring
use. If sown the
first or second
week in July it
will produce
beautiful Cab-
bages for early
spring use.
Heads cone-
shaped, very
large, firm, and
of mild flavour.
^=^ ^ Is. per ounce.
ENFIELD MARKET, 6^. per ounce.
SUTTONS' IMPROVED NONPAREIL, qd. per ounce.
IMPROVED EARLY DWARF YORK, U. per ounce.
LARGE BLOOD-RED, grf. per ounce.
Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans) ; all goods
value -zos. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England or
Wales.
SUTTON & SONS,
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
^ o«. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES— Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS of MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
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OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
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All offered by the oldest and ever the most
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Founded In 1784.
ADDRESS .■—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
D U T OH B U LBS.
A NT. ROOZEN and SON, Nurserymen,
'^■*- Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland,
Have pleasure in informing their numerous friends that their
Crop of Bulbs is unusually fine this year, and they respectfully
request that all Orders be sent them as early as possible.
Their full and Descriptive CATALOGUE for 1883 will be sent,
post-free, on application to their Agents,
Messrs. MERTENS and CO., 5, Biiliter Square, London, E.C.
SEEDS.
VEGETABLE, FLOWER
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at the Lowest Prices consistent with
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ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
THE
SATURDAY, JULY 28, 18S3.
FLORAL FIREPLACES.
IN winter we are all ready to confess the seat
of comfort is around the fireplace, and we
offer on the shrine of the domestic deity whole
holocausts of black diamonds, or lay at its feet
the produce of our slow-growing Oaks or
umbrageous Beeches. It is true the dwellers in
towns have for so long a time been deprived of
the latter offering that the odour of the incense,
with its wreath of delicate blue smoke, must be
almost forgotten. In country vicarages and
remote farmhouses such fuel is still in favour,
but however we worship our fire god during
the colds and damps of our many months of
winter, we are apt to neglect the shrine, or, at
best, treat it with easy indifference, as soon as
the bright sunshine and soft breezes of summer
woo us to the garden and the pleasure grounds.
' ' When the Devil was sick, the Devil a monk would be ;
When the Devil was well, the devil a monk was he,"
is exemplified in minor matters every day ; the
care, the trouble, the expense we lavish on the
domestic fireplace as soon as we no longer
require its services are forgotten ; we treat it,
as we are all too apt to treat the humble friend
who has known and helped us in adversity.
Poor friend, and poor fireplace : if we cannot
bring the former to share the warmth diffused
by the sun of prosperity, the latter shall not be
totally ignored, even during this season of sun-
shine. Let no cynic suggest that the reason
may be that, in this most certain-to-be-uncer-
tain climate of ours, we may need its services
even during the dog-days. We will still believe
that its use shall be reserved for the winter
months ; but .that is no reason why we may
not make it useful and ornamental too during
summer.
Of all parts of the sitting-room the fireplace
best lends itself to a display of cut flowers, and
we think it is but seldom utilised for such a
purpose. We have often had a garden on the
hearth, by massing Ferns and other plants in
pots, and filling up the interstices with moss ;
but what we may term floral fireplaces are
more at the command of dwellers in town, and
they serve to utilise many of the flowery
treasures of our shrubbery borders, those
blossoms of which we might say, as Lady Jane
does of herself, in Patience — " Not beautiful,
massive."
Our sitting-room fireplaces are of that date
(the transition time between the open hearth
and the modern grate) when evidently beauty
was not taken into account — comfortable enough,
forsooth, when a good coal fire is diffusing its
genial warmth, and a blazing wood-log is
emitting its cheerful flames, but of which no
amount of blacklead, be it ever so lustrous, can
make a pleasing object when empty. As for
all the farrago of tissue-paper, and gold and
silver tinsel, we abhor it ; nor can we bring
ourselves to admire the stiff chromo screens
that in many households do duty for the
old-fashioned apron. Curtains may be useful
on occasions, but if heavy and closed they
I02
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 28, 1883.
are apt to stop the draught up the chimney
to the detriment of the atmosphere of the
whole apartment ; if hght and flimsy they
become a nuisance, being blown about every
time a door or window is opened. With our
floral fireplace handsome curtains, drawn to
either side and gracefully looped, would be an
additional charm, as they would disguise
the inelegant form of the mantelpiece, and, by
only showing the floral arrangement, suggest all
sorts of ideas of a continuance and wealth of
flowery treasures, of which they only permit an
ichantillon, or tiny sample, to appear. If only
we had the command of a Whistlerian dic-
tionary we might discourse in musical terms of
harmonies, symphonies, nocturnes, and fantasies
in all colours, and all shades of colour ; but
failing so grand a resource, will confine our-
selves to describing one or two arrangements
which have been successful features in the
floral decorations of the rooms this season.
Many flowers are decking the garden and
even the field long before we could dream, even
in the sunniest of springs, of denying ourselves
the comfort of a fire ; therefore there need be
no lack of blossoms for our floral decorations
at the right time ; and all we have to do is to
find the right flowers for the right place. As a
basis we line the bars of the grate with the
freshest and greenest of moss obtainable, we
put this in so thickly that the iron bars are quite
covered ; the fender and fire-irons are cleaned
and put away for the summer. On the hearth-
stone we place a layer of moss, fresh and green,
but dry, of course, right up to or rather just
under the fireplace itself The groundwork
being made, the floral accessories can be added
according to the means at command. One of
the handsomest we had in the spring was com-
posed of Pajonies and Gueldres Roses ; these,
rising from the rich deep green of the moss, looked
very handsome, and lasted for more than a
fortnight : the receptacle was a common pre-
serve or marmalade jar, filled, of course, with
water. In the moss, or under it rather, on the
hearthstone, we placed shallow dishes that the
moss covered, with one or two Gueldres Roses,
and a few sprays of Honeysuckle, Rhododen-
dron, or Weigela rosea ; any one of these will
do, but a mixture of many blossoms does not
look well.
One of the happiest arrangements we ever
made was formed of Nasturtiums and the
autumn foliage of the Virginian Creeper. It was
very effective, combining every shade, from
pale yellow to the deepest orange, even crimson ;
we merely mention this to show that the
readiest and commonest — if by common is
understood the most abundant and handy
materials— are those which prove most useful.
Foxgloves we have employed largely. They
grow in abundance in the woods about our
neighbourhood, and all along the hedgerows.
Gorse also in early spring is handsome. The
Hawthorns, both scarlet and white, are beauti-
ful, although the scent is somewhat overpower-
ing. Wild Roses, gathered while in bud, form
a beautiful decoration, especially if combined
with Honeysuckle or wild Clematis.
The handsome flowers of the wild Flag, in
combination with Myosotis palustris, or wild
Forget-me-Not, is exceedingly pretty, and the
flowers flourish almost as though rooted. It
involves a slight amount of trouble, but it is
advisable to change the water every three or
four days. Some lumps of charcoal may be
placed in it to advantage. Where the centre
piece is formed of large and small flowers, as
the Iris and Myosotis, the latter alone should
be placed in the shallow dishes. Matka.
POLYPODIUM VULGARE, VAR. TRICHOMANOIDES.
— This new hardy Fern has unquestionably the
most elegantly subdivided pinnules of all hardy
Ferns, rendering the fronds all but equal in their
beautiful appearance to those of Todea superba.
It is evidently a free grower, and destined to hold
a prominent place in collections of hardy Ferns.
MAXILLARIA IRRORATA, n. sp*
This plant is one of my older acquaintances, made
two or three years ago, come October, 1883. It
was grown and flowered by Sir C. W. Strickland,
Hildenley, Malton, who informed me that it was like
MaxiUaria venusta, yet it had thinner and narrower
bulbs and leaves. Origin : Messrs. Stevens' big
rooms, within the last twelve months, hence it may
have not appeared before August, 1879. I felt so
puzzled at the flower, which looked like a shortened
caricature of Masdevallia grandiflora, that I expressed
a wish to Sir C. W. Strickland that he would watch
the future development of the curiosity. It would,
however, appear to have flowered only during this
gentleman's frequent absence from home. Finally
the plant comes afresh from the garden of the
Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Moor
Green, Moseley, Birmingham, grown by Mr. E.
Cooper.
The peduncle is not quite a span high, and covered
with very distinct broad vaginas (sheaths). The
bract is still wider, and is not equal in length to the
stalked ovary. The flower is white, washed, bordered
and blotched with purple ; lip ochre above, anterior
lobe darker ochre, with two purple spots underneath,
and a purple margin. A transverse callous bar before
the base of the anterior lobes, and the whole disc
between the side lobes is covered with a mealy
substance, the result of the hairs having been dis-
solved (I have found 1852 amylar grains in such
cellules — a fact even now apparently unknown to our
leading anatomists, who universally do not care for
botany, viz., knowledge of plants). The column is
ochre in front, and has a purple crest over the anther.
The curious circumstance is that the sepals do not
reach an inch in length. It is probably from the
Western Andes. H. G. Rchb. f.
Cattleya Schroderiana, n. j-/>.t
Baron J. H. W. Von Schroder, The Dell,
Egham, has just flowered this new and curious
Cattleya. I had it through the kindness of Mr.
Harry Veitch. It was imported and sold by Mr.
F. Sander, and proves to be a most distinct and
splendid plant, having the habit of Cattleya bulbosa,
Lindl., and C. dolosa, Rchb. f., not of Walkeriana,
Gard., nor of nobilior, Rchb. f. To be short, it would
be Cattleya dolosa if it had not slicklike bulbs and
a lip nearly of Cattleya Aclandis. That lip has the
smallest basilar auricles possible, and a long equal
claw (not broader at the base and tapering as in Cat-
tleya Aclandise).
The bulb at hand is nearly 4 inches high, with two
distinct and distant joints within, furrowed, nearly
equally thin, not at all thick, two-leaved. Leaves
very stout, oblongo-ligulate acute, 4 : li. Peduncle
two-flowered. Ovaries light purple with dark spots.
Sepals ligulate acute. Petals oblong acuminate,
broad. Lip partly described above, ending in a
transverse oblong apiculate blade. Whole flower
fine saturate purple, with a mauve hue, equalling
that of a good Lwlia majalis. Column narrow, though
stout, light purple, with a white dorsal line, not at
all boat-shaped, as in the species just named. It is
a very great satisfaction to dedicate such an excellent
Orchid novelty, as they now-a-days appear but at
very distant intervals, to such an excellent amateur
as Baron Von Schroder. Rchb, f.
* Maxillaria. irrorata, n. sp. — Gregi Maxillarias grandi-
florae, Lindl. ; pedunculo bene vaginate ; bractea ampla
ovarium pediceUatum non squante ; sepalo imparl elliplico,
sepalis lateralibus triangulis obtusis lalis, tepalis liguiatis
obtuse acutis ; labello tiifido ; lobis lateralibus obtusangulis
antrorsis ; lobo antico triangulo recurvo undulato brevi ; carina
transversa ante basin lobi antici : disco inter lobos laterales
farinosos ex pilis solutis : anlhera ctistaia. H. G. Rchh. f.
t Cattleya Schroderiana, n. sp.— Ex aff. Cattleya; bulbosx,
Lindl., et dolosa:, Rchb. f. : pseudobulbo cauliformi costato
diphyllo : foliisobloneis acutis, pedunculo bifloro in pseudobulbo
foliato terminali : sepalis linearibus lanceis, tepalis oblongis
acutis : labelli auriculis in basi minutis, ungue late lineari,
lamina antica, transversa oblonga cum apiculo ; columna xquali
subangusta. H. G. Rchb.f.
^CHMEA (PlatY/ECHMEA) Barleei, Baker,
n, sj>,*
This is a very distinct new species of /Echmea,
which was sent to Kew in 1877 by His Excellency
Governor F. P. Barlee from British Honduras, which
this summer has flowered for the first time. It is the
first species of the group with distichous inflorescence
that has been brought into cultivation, but although
several of the bracts are large and brightly coloured,
the individual flowers are too small for it to be worth
much as a garden plant.
Acaulescent. Leaves eight or nine In a rosette,
lorate-ensiform, with an ovate dilated base 5 or 6 inches
broad and a lamina 2 or 3 feel long, horny in texture,
pale green, 2 inches broad at the middle, deltoid-
cuspidate at the apex, thinly white-lepidote, especially
on the back ; the lower prickles of the margin
crowded, 1 — 5 inch long, the upper ones growing
gradually smaller. Peduncle central, erect, about a
foot long, the bright red lanceolate scariose bracts
2 — 3 inches long. Panicle erect, 4 foot long, with a
furfuraceous rachis, the branches short and spreading,
the upper ones simple, the lower compound. Flowers
alternate, spaced, arranged distichously 4 — 6 on the
simple branches. Bracts green, deltoid cuspidate,
acute, i inch long, equalling the calyx. Calyx J inch
long, the acute deltoid sepals as long as the white-
furfuraceous globose-trigonous tube. Corolla pale
yellow, the petals twice as long as the calyx-segments,
their lamina oblong. Style and stamens shorter than
the petals, y. G. Baker.
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO
FRUITS.
' Under the above title Mr. William Saunders has
published what appears, so far as we have been able
to test it, to be a most useful book on the insects
injurious to fruit trees in North America. The title
by no means conveys an idea of the scope of the
work, for the insects that injure the roots, trunks,
branches, and leaves of fruit trees are systematically
treated, as well as those that attack the fruits them-
selves. The work is based on personal observation,
yet it embodies the discoveries of the leading ento-
mologists of North America, and it is specially in-
debted to the reports of C. V. Riley, J. H. Comstock,
and other State Entomologists. It is illustrated with
440 woodcuts, a large proportion of which are new»
while the origin of others is faithfully recorded in the
preface. This praiseworthy explanation not only does
justice to the labours of others; it likewise adds to the
authority of the book itself.
The author is a Canadian, and the Editor of the
Canadian Eiitornologist ; and this book, which is ex-
ceedingly well got up, is published by Lippincott, of
Philadelphia and London. Although not a citizen of
the States he seems to have been none the less liber-
ally treated by the officials, who permitted him to
have electrotypes of numerous cuts which have ap-
peared in various reports to the Commissioner of
Agriculture. In the arrangement of his matter the
author has considered the wants of persons not pos-
sessing a knowledge of the classification of insects.
Thus he begins with the insects injurious to the Apple
tree, treating first of those which attack the roots,
then successively those which attack the trunk,
branches, and leaves, and finishing with those which
attack the fruit. A short account is given of the
life-history of each insect, without any technical
detail, but sufticient, with the help of the woodcuts,
for all practical purposes. This is followed by the
best known remedies in each case.
The author is also careful to make the reader
acquainted with friendly insects which prey upon
injurious ones, and thus deserve the fostering atten-
tion of the fruit-grower. A similar work for this
country is much needed, and if it included the insects
that attack other crops so much the better. It is
popular, without being trashy. We may add that
many of the insects are either identical with our own
or so closely allied that much of the information is
equally useful to the practical man in this country.
* jEchmea {Platyneckmea) Barleei, Baker, n. sp. — Acaulis i
foliis 8 — 9 dense roaulatis coriaceis lorato-ensiformibus 2—3-
pedalibus pallida viridibus dorso prsesertim tenuiter albo-
lepidotis aciileis"marginalibus inferioribus crebris magnis supe-
rioribus sensim minoribus : pedunculo centrali subpedali ;
bracteis primariis paucis lanceolatis splendide rubris ; fioribus
in paniculam laxam semipedalem disposilis, ramis brevibus
patulis strictis distichis, superioribus simplicibus, inferioribus
trifurcatis ; bracteis ultimis parvis viridibus deltoideis cuspida-
tis ; sepalis deltoideis ovario aquilongis ; petalis pallide luteis
sepalis diiplo Icngioribiis ; Renitalibus inclusis.
July 28, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
los
RUSCUS ANDROGYNUS.
The following is an abstract of a paper "On the
Occurrence of Foliage-leaves in Ruscus (Semele)
androgynus, with some Structural and Morphological
Observations," read by Professor A. Dickson at the
June meeting of the Edinburgh Botanical Society :—
Dr. Dickson exhibited specimens of this plant, from
his garden in the country, showing well-developed
foliage-leaves springing from the root-stock, with
ovate or lanceolate-ovate blade, and long petiole. In
the largest leaf the blade was 6 inches long, by
about 3.^ at its greatest breadth, and the petiole about
5 inches long. The production of foliage-leaves in
Ruscus has not, Dr. Dickson believes, been hitherto
observed ; and in the present case the predisposing
cause of their appearance has probably been the
confinement of the plant in a flower-pot, and
consequent weakening of the growth of the
aerial stems.
The occurrence of such leaves in a plant so
highly specialised as Ruscus, where the leaf-func-
tions are, in ordinary circumstances, performed
exclusively by expanded cladodes, is of great
interest ; and it can hardly be doubted that if the
development from the seed could be examined
we should hnd foliage-leaves constantly present,
just as in some other highly specialised forms we
see a more generalised or ordinary development in
the young stale. For example, the development of
bipinnate leaves in the seedlings of phyllodineous
Acacias, where in later life the leaves are all deve-
loped as phyllodia ; of ternately compound leaves in
the seedling Furze (Ulex), where in later life the
leaves are simple and much reduced, the leaf-function
being mainly performed by the green branch-thorns ;
and of a few genuine foliage-leaves succeeding the
cotyledons in Sciadopitys, where in later life the leaf-
organs are all reduced to scales, and the leaf-function
is performed by cladodial needles.
As regards their structure the foliage-leaves of
Ruscus androgynus resemble ordinary leaves. The
stomata are developed almost exclusively on the
morphological lower surface, and the phloem elements
of the fibro-vascular bundles are directed towards that
surface. In the cladodes, on the other hand, the
stomata are developed almost exclusively on the mor-
phological upper surface, this being righted by a
twisting of the cladode at its base, just as in the leaves
of the Chihan Amaryllids, Alstrcemeria, Bomarea, and
Leontochir, and the (also Chilian) Liliaceous genus
Luzuriaga, where there is a similar development of
the stomata on— so to speak— the wrong surface,
which is righted by a subsequent twisting of the
leaf- base. In the cladodes of Ruscus racemosus
there is a similar stomatic development accompanied
by twisting at the base of the organ. In the cladode
of Ruscus androgynus, and also in that of R. racemosus,
the phloem elements of the fibro-vascular bundles are
directed towards the morphological upper surface ;
and this also holds good for the Isarren cladodes of R.
Hypoglossum, which has got the stomata equally
developed on both surfaces ; and in Myrsiphyllum
asparagoides, which has the stomata exclusively on
the morphological lower surface. In Ruscus aculeatus
(with stomata equally developed on both surfaces),
the direction of the fibro-vascular elements does not
seem to be very constant. Usually, the phloem
elements are uppermost ; but sometimes especially in
the smaller veins, the xylem and phloem are directed
obliquely to the surfaces, or have even the reverse
position.
The direction of the phloem elements towards the
morphological upper surface of the cladodes of R.
androgynus, R. racemosus, R. Hypoglossum, and
Myrsiphyllum asparagoides Dr. Dickson considers
of much significance in connection with the question
of the cladodial nature of the phylloid needles of
Sciadopitys and the "squama fructifera"of Conifers, in
both of which the phloem elements are similarly
directed towards the morphological upper surface.
Microscopic illustrations of the principal points
connected with the foregoing were exhibited, along
with sections of roots of R. androgynus from various
gardens, showing some remarkable variations.
Among other peculiarities of this root may be men-
tioned the development of a second, and in some
cases of a third layer of endodermal cells, with the
characteristic U-like thickening outside the peri-
cambium.
That the position of the fibro-vascular elements has
a morphological rather than a physiological signi-
ficance is proved by the fact that in the twisted leaves
of Alstrcemeria, Bomarea, and Luzuriaga the position
of these elements is exactly as in ordinary leaves
(viz., the xylem to the morphological upper, the
phloem to the morphological lower surface), while in
the aforesaid cladodes, whether twisted, as in R.
androgynus and R. racemosus, or not, as in R. Hypo-
glossum and Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, these
elements have the reverse position.
MR. JENSEN AND THE POTATO
DISEASE.
It is much to be hoped that the protective systems
will be extensively tried this year, for all appearances
point to a severe visitation of the Potato disease.
Having received several communications upon this
subject from Mr. Jensen during the past few months,
and having his permission to make them public, I
take the present opportunity of doing so. It is need-
less for me to describe over again his system of
culture, beyond stating that it mainly consists of
giving the Potatos a second or protective moulding
when the first disease blotch is seen upon the foliage, in
such a manner that the uppermost tubers have at least
5 inches of earth over them, at the same time bend-
ing the top so that they hang over the furrows in a
half-erect manner ; the object being to protect the
tubers by a layer of earth from the spores of the para-
sitic fungus which causes the disease. When moulded
up in the ordinary way the covering of earth over the
uppermost tubers is not, as a rule, more than i^ or
2 inches.
If the disease be due to the spores falling from
the foliage and being washed through the ground
to the tubers, we should expect to find those tubers
nearest the surface more diseased than those deeper in
the ground. The fact that the uppermost tubers
sufier more from the disease is well shown by three
examples given by Mr. Jensen : —
Uppermost tubers, per cent, diseased . .
Intermediate tubers, per cent, diseased . .
Lowermost tubers, per cent diseased . .
I.
II.
82
3°
3
49
30
8
III.
49
Examples I. and II. were near Copenhagen ; III.,
near Paris, In this last case the soil was very clayey,
and the Potatos set very shallow, so that the lower-
most had only 3 inches of earth over them.
As showing the value of protective moulding some
of Mr. Jensen's experiments are very striking. The
following were some of the results obtained last
year : —
Copenhagen
Fredericia
Hverringe
Borup . .
Common
moulding.
Protective
moulding.
Per cent,
diseased.
Per cent
diseased.
27
I
29
05
s?
0
•(5
0
35
0
21
a
64
03
45
0
58
0
These results speak for themselves ; but as they
were obtained abroad, in Denmark (where they seem
to be able to manage the Potato disease better than
we do here) it is interesting to know that Mr. Samuel
D. Shirriff tried the protective moulding in Scotland,
last year, and found that while Potatos grown in
the ordinary manner had 29 per cent, diseased, those
grown with the protective moulding had only 8 per
cent, affected. This was a very satisfactory result,
but not equal by any means to Mr. Jensen's. How
was this ? Is the disease more difficult to deal with
in Great Britain than in Denmark ? This by no
means follows, for when the Scotch Potatos were
lifted it was found that the uppermost tubers had
only about 3 inches of earth over them ! To obtain
the full benefit of this system at least 5 inches of
earth covering is required in the first instance, which.
in the course of time, settles and consolidates into
4 inches ; so that if the Scotch Potatos had been
moulded an inch higher they would have, to say
the least, been on an equal footing with the Danish,
and would, doubtless, have been as free from the
disease.
Any cause which breaks the continuity of the earth
covering of the tubers renders them more liable to
disease. Thus the presence of an earthworm at a
Potato root renders it more liable to have its tubers
diseased than it would otherwise be. An examina-
tion of 600 Potato roots at Hverringe was made by
Mr. H. Dreyer, for Mr. Jensen. It was then found
that the average number of diseased tubers in the
roots without earthworms was 22 per cent.; with one
worm at each root, 35 per cent. ; with two worms at
each root, 46 per cent. ; with three worms at each root,
58 per cent. ; with four worms at each root, 71 per
cent.
The foregoing remarks are especially interesting
to the practical Potato grower, but it is worth
while to notice some of the experiments that have
been made by Mr. Jensen in support of his views.
To begin with, it was certainly news to most of us
in this country to hear that the spores (conidia) of
Peronospora infestans could penetrate the compara-
tively tough skin of the tuber and produce the disease.
We had hitherto looked upon the disease in the
tubers as being caused by the mycelium passing down
the stem into the tubers. But the direct infection of
the tubers seems to be well known to Continental
botanists as far back as 1876. De Bary in his paper
upon this subject in the twelfth volume of the Journal
of the Royal Afiriiiilliiral Society, p. 251, speaks of
applying fresh *' conidia to the terminal eyes of a
tuber," and adds, "By this process infection can be
obtained with great certainity." The following,
however, are the results of three experiments per-
formed by Mr. Jensen. On September 21, 1881,
some Potatos were dug and divided into two lots.
Next day, one lot was brushed with a diseased Potato
top, and the other not in any way interfered with ;
both lots were then covered with damp sand. Twelve
days afterwards they were examined with this result :
— brushed tubers, 152, diseased, 114; unbrushed, 154,
diseased, 6. It may be remembered that last year, in
a note I sent to the Gardeners^ Chronicle, I stated that
I had repeated this experiment on a smaller scale, and
found that all those tubers to which the conidia were
applied became diseased, while all the others remained
perfectly healthy. If any one wishes to see this for
himself, it should be remembered that the Potatos
must be freshly dug, for if their skins have once become
dry the chances are they will resist the disease.
Fortunately the conidia in a few days lose their
power of germination, else we should be unable to
lift our Potato crop without exposing the tubers to the
disease-spores, but this can be safely done, and "after
sickness " avoided by either waiting till all the foliage
is destroyed, or, if we cannot wait so long as this, by
cutting off the tops and removing them a week before
the Potatos are lifted. But granting the fact that the
tubers are infected directly by the conidia, does it
follow that a comparatively thin layer of earth has the
power of filtering out and retaining the spores so as to
shield the Potatos from their enemies ? Mr. Jensen
has performed numerous experiments showing, not
only that this is the case, but also the relative values
of various thicknesses of earth, as well as of various
kinds of soil.
To demonstrate the power earth has in arresting
and retaining the spores a cylindrical tube was taken,
fitted at the bottom with a perforated plate. In this
tube was placed a layer of earth i inch thick, which
was compressed to % inch, to represent the consolida-
tion which naturally takes place in the moulding of
Potatos ; water was poured into the top of the tube
containing spores, estimated by counting the number
in a drop, and employing the requisite quantity to
the number of 30,000. It was found that about
28,000 of the spores were retained by the earth, for
only 2000 ran through. The experiment was
repeated, using, however, 5 inches of earth com-
pressed to 4 inches. It was then found that out of
the 30,000 poured in at the top only one or two ran
through.
To test the spore-retaining power of various kinds
of earth six flower-pots were employed, in each of
which fifteen Potatos were placed. In three pots the
Potatos had a covering of i J inch of earth given them ;
in the other three they had a covering of 5 inches.
Water containing spores was poured into the pots
upon the earth, little by little, to represent rain until
I04
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 28, 1883.
it equalled a rainfall of i inch per hour. The follow-
ing was the result : —
I. Good earth
II. Coarse sand
III. Fine sand
ij^-inch earth
covering.
15 (all)
S-iuch earth
covering.
—showing plainly enough that an even i ^ inch of sandy
soil has considerable power of retaining spores, while
5 inches of earth or sand affords complete protection
to the tubers. The experiment was varied by using
a box divided into three compartments, which were
filled with good earth, peat, and sand respectively.
Fifty Potatos were placed in each compartment,
twenty-five at the bottom, so as to have a covering
of 4 inches of earth, and twenty-five near the top,
having a covering of i^ inch. Water containing
spores was poured upon the surface of the earth in
each compartment. Three experiments were per-
formed with the following results : —
Earth covering
1 % inch.
Earth covering
4 incher.
Diseased tubers.
Diseased tubers.
Good earth
21
2
,,
14
2
„
II
T
Peat
12
0
IS
0
„
14
I
Sand
8
I
6
0
3
Z
104
9
Showing that of 225 Potatos covered by ij inch of the
above mentioned varieties of soil, 104 became diseased,
while of 225 covered by 4 inches only nine were
affected.
The views of Mr. Jensen upon the influence that
temperature exerts over the Potato disease in con-
nection with its geographical distribution are very in-
teresting. It may be stated at once that he agrees
with De Bary in considering that the disease is kept
alive by the mycelium hybernating and not by the
agency of resting-spores. Amongst his reasons for
this view, are : — I. Because as a general rule Potatos
sown after Potatos the preceding year are not more
severely attacked by the disease than when they follow
other crops. This he has found to be the case in a
great number of instances (some hundred), although
it is contrary to what is commonly thought in this
country. 2. The date at which the Potato
disease first appears in any year depends, not
entirely upon the amount of rainfall, which of
course exerts a powerlul influence, but greatly
upon the quantity of infected Potatos planted in
spring. Last year, for instance, in England, France,
and Denmark the disease appeared very early, and in
Denmark at least was very severe.
Tubers attacked very early in the season will, as a
general rule, be rotten at the time of lifting, and con-
sequently the disease will have died in these tubers.
The *' after-sickness " will be less, because the foliage,
and with it the fungus upon it, will have disappeared
at the time of lifting in such years than when the dis-
ease has commenced later. Hence fewer Potatos
having the disease in a hybernating state in them will
be planted, and consequently the disease will have
fewer starting points in the following year. We may,
therefore, expect the disease will not be very early
this year in its appearance in England, Denmark, and
Western Europe, unless the weather be very rainy,
which will, of course, favour the rapid spread of the
disease. Two very early outbreaks of the disease
never occur in successive years. There is, upon the
contrary, a tendency for the first appearance to alter-
nate between a late and early date ; as, however, the
weather has a great influence, this is not always so
observable as it otherwise would be. In Denmark
during the last twenty-three years the general out-
break has been eight years early, nine years late, six
years medium. Of the eight early years it has been
seven times after a late year and once after a medium ;
of the nine late years it has been four times after a
medium and five times after an early ; of the six
medium years it has been twice after an early, and
three times after a late, and once after a medium.
Thus we see two very early outbreaks have never
followed one another, but a year that should be early
may be late or medium from want of rain. The above
has reference, of course, to the time when the disease
is so general as to have been observed by farmers and
Potato growers generally.
As a rule, it is, as before stated, only in those
Potatos which are infected late in the year that the
fungus hybernates, those which are attacked early in
the year perish entirely. This year Mr. Jensen found
only about 10 per cent, of diseased tubers which were
sown in his garden produced alTected shoots bearing
conidia. The presence of conidia was detected upon
the shoots a few days after they had appeared above
ground, and for the last six weeks he has had the
disease well developed in his garden, while it has
not appeared in the gardens of his neighbours. As
showing the rate at which it has spread from the
diseased plant, he finds that till now it has not ad-
vanced more than a yard in ten days.
Now, if the outbreak of the disease was dependent
upon resting-spores, the fact of two early outbreaks
not following each other would not have been
observed ; on the contrary, an early outbreak one
year would be most likely to be followed by a slight
attack in the next year.
A much more important question, however, or
rather series of questions, concerning the influence of
temperature has been engaging Mr. Jensen's atten-
tion, which includes the following ;— i. Where has
the disease come from? 2. Why did it not appear
earlier in Europe and North America than about the
year 1840 ? 3. What is the distribution of the disease
throughout the globe ? In what regions can it never
appear ? What hitherto uninvaded regions will by-
and-bye be visited by it if the importation of Potatos
from infested countries be not prohibited? 4. Are there
any means of rendering the outbreak late and sporadic
in infected countries, and perhaps even of stamping it
out altogether in the course of a few years ?
During the last year Mr. Jensen has been studying
the relationship existing between the temperature
and the disease, and he is at present engaged in pre-
paring a memoir on the subject, in French, in which
these questions will be dealt with fully. . Concerning
the origin of the^ disease, Mr. Jensen believes it to
have commenced in the Cordilleras in the northern
part of South America, where it has existed from
remote antiquity— as long indeed as the Potatos them-
selves. The fungus was imprisoned within those
hills by the hot air which for hundreds of miles sur-
rounded them on all sides. When the Potatos were
introduced into North America and Europe the para-
site was separated from its host, for, under ordinary
circumstances, neither the mycelium nor the spores
can be sent through the torrid zone without losing
their vitality. This separation between parasite and
host lasted till about 1840, / c:., about 300 years. The
employment of steamers {for before 1S40 the number
of steamers was but very small), the great guano
traffic which sent many ships to the kingdom of the
Potato foe — the employment of ice perhaps — for by
the means of ice the Potato fungus can be sent any-
where,— all these circumstances were favourable to the
transmission of the disease to the temperate countries
of the northern hemisphere ; in fact it is simply
warmth that for 300 years separated the fungus from
its host. The same separation can with complete cer-
tainty be effected now in the course of a few hours by
means of an elevated temperature applied to the seed
Potatos without injuring their growing power in the
least. To make the process practical, Mr. Jensen
employs a comparatively high temperature ; but with
a lower temperature the same result can be obtained,
only it requires to be applied for a longer time. Cer-
tain precautions are necessary to prevent injury to the
Potatos, but these can be easily met by a suitably
constructed apparatus which Mr. Jensen has devised.
These discoveries have been communicated to the
Socihc Nationals iTAgi iculltirc de Fiamc The dis-
tribution of the disease is more dependent on the
mean maximum temperature in summer than on the
mean day temperature, hence the disease does not go
so far south in continents as on islands. Speak-
ing generally, the disease does not exist in
continental lowlands in the northern hemisphere
to the south of the fortieth parallel of latitude ; the
disease does not exist in tropical countries where the
mean temperature amounts to 25° C. (77° Fahr.) for
any considerable time during the year. It is not found
in mountainous districts within the tropics, except
under very rare circumstances, because its introduc-
tion to such places is very difficult. It probably exists
in all countries with a temperate or cold climate in
the northern hemisphere where Potatos are grown.
It may be found in temperate climates in the southern
hemisphere. It is not found in Australia, although
in many parts of that quarter of the world it would
thrive if introduced.
Respecting the influence of an elevated temperature
upon the development of Peronospora infestans, I
have only one word to add, and that is to draw atten-
tion to the way in which it thrives upon outdoor
Tomatos in this country compared to those grown
under glass.
In conclusion, I may say that the above is collated
from various papers and circulars of Mr. Jensen and
from private letters written to me. I only wish he
had found some one better able to express his views
and place the result of his labours in a more lucid
manner before the British reader. Charles B, Plow-
right, July zz.
TUBEROUS BEGONIAS.
The magnificent display of these beautiful plants'
at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, South
Kensington, on Tuesday last, while presenting a
variety of form and colour pleasant to behold, also
served to mark the great improvement which careful
cross-fertilisation and good cultivation have effected in
them, and to give the public an opportunity of seeing
what really good tuberous Begonias are. In nine
gardens out of ten, perhaps, where these plants are
grown, the stock is composed of the poorest and
weediest varieties of the old strain, many of them not
good enough to name, having been imported from the
Continent as mixed seedlings in the early days of
tuberous Begonia growing, and are in many places
still grown, although they are not now worthy of the
room they occupy. Let us hope that the show of
Tuesday last may open up a new era in their history,
and that many who saw them there may in conse-
quence replenish their stock with things more worthy
of their attention than those they now possess.
The place of honour was, of course, occupied by
Messrs. John Laing & Co., of the Stansted Park
Nurseries, who staged probably the finest group that
ever was brought together, composed of many hun-
dreds of plants of the finest quality, and occupying a
space about 50 feet in length. Years of attention to
this class of plant has been given by this firm, almost
the whole of one of their nurseries being devoted to
them. It is, therefore, not surprising that they should
distance all competitors, but as a reward for their
perseverance they occasionally produce novelties
startling even to themselves and to the most learned
in Begonias. A case in point was to be met
with in the middle of their group in their
new production, Stanstead Surprise, a variety with
dark crimson flowers, of perfect form, and measuring
6^ inches in length and 6 inches across, and which,
for showiness, certainly surpasses all in its class. The
female flowers of this variety are large and round, and
the whole plant of good habit. This received a First-
class Certificate.
Amongst a bewildering lot of grand things in this
group were also New Colour, cream, overlaid with
primrose ; Countess of Rosslyn, bronzy-orange (also
certificated) ; A. G. Soames, maroon-crimson ; J.
Walters, orange- vermilion ; Mrs. Morgan, pure white ;
Golden Queen, bright yellow ; Miss Warren, and
Consul Darlington, very fine in form and colour ;
Novelty, dark scarlet, a mass of bloom ; Robert
White, rose, a very round flower ; Miss Turner,
creamy-rose (certificated) ; Nymph, pure white, mar-
gined rose ; the Hon. and Rev. R. T. Boscawen,
glowing deep crimson ; Mrs. Anson, very fine rosy-
salmon (certificated) ; Black Douglas, intensely dark
carmine-crimson ; Ball of Fire, fiery scarlet ; Lady
Trevor Lawrence, with large orange-yellow flowers,
tipped with Indian red, very distinct; and Dr.
Masters, a fine dark red-crimson. The above are all
single varieties.
Among Messrs. Laing's doubles were Davisii fl.-pl.,
very neat and bright ; Canary Bird, canary colour ;
Formosa, like a double red Hibiscus, with a white
centre ; Juarezi, a distinct semi-double scarlet, like
a miniature Cactus Dahlia ; Sir Garnet, dark orange-
scarlet ; and scarlet Button-hole, a flower with shell-
like petals very evenly arranged. Above Messrs.
^
July 28, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
105
Laing's group hung a large basket of the variety
Magenta Queen, sending forth on all sides a per-
fect avalanche of blooms. Let it not be said that
the excellence of Messrs. Laing's Begonias is due to
stuff. All the stimulant their Begonias receive is a
little weak liquid manure prepared from cow-dung,
and that is not applied until the plants are rooting
and growing strongly.
Fig. 16.— rLAGiOLiRioN horsmanni.
the use of some special manure ; such is not the case,
they use only in potting a compost of turfy yellow
loam, leaf-mould, and silver-sand ; and they are in-
clined to attribute a great deal of their success to their
abstaining from mixing manures with their polting
The next group in importance was made up of
plants brought from the Society's Gardens at Chis-
wick ; all were well grown, and some of the seedlings
showed good qualities — the double Zenobia, a fine
red ; Rose Von Castilien, double light rose ; and
Graziella, a fine double Primrose, being particularly
fine.
Mr. Coppin, of the Rose Nursery, Shirley, Croy-
don, brought some very fair plants, many of them
being ordinary seedlings. The varieties Kcve d'Or,
yellow ; Esther, a double form of the old Dr. Masters ;
President Garfield, orange-scarlet ; and Midas, a
scarlet, with round female flowers, were, however,
very good.
Among the amateurs the best grown plants were
staged by Mr. J. Child, gardener to W. Bell, Esq.,
Garbrand Hall, Ewell. Only nine plants were brought
and entered " not for competition." Mr. Child de-
serves great credit for the manner in which he has
grown these plants, some of them being equal in effect
to a show Azalea. His best plants were Maude
Churchill, a large yellow, with 220 blooms open ; Miss
Bertha, a grand reddisli-salmon with flowers standing
well out ; a fine dark scarlet seedling ; Lcelia, a great
mass ofcrimson blooms; and GoIdenGem. Mr.J.Tong,
gardener to J. S. Law, Esq., South Lodge, Southgate,
had the best dozen in competition, his best plants being
Stanstead Rival, a light crimson, of perfect form ;
Mrs. Sheppard, a fine white, and some good seedlings.
The next best were contributed by Mr. J. Weston,
gardener to D. Martineau, Clapham Park, whose
Ettie Weston, orange, and Mars, dark scarlet, were
very good.
Many of those who saw the display of Begonias on
Tuesday last, no doubt, asked themselves the question.
What class of plants could one cultivate to produce
such a brilliant display at this time of year ? The
question is difficult to answer, but certain it is that
many who are now in trouble with scraggy New Hol-
land plants in small greenhouses or trying to
grow stove plants in houses not warm enough
for them would do well to give a corner to the grateful
and easily cultivated tuberous Begonia.
PLAGIOLIRION HORSMANNI.
By the favour of Mr. Fred. Horsman, of Col-
chester, we are enabled to give a reduced copy (fig.
16) of a coloured sketch of the new Columbian
bulbous plant which Mr. Baker described at p. 38.
Plagiolirion Mr. Baker makes a new genus, about
intermediate between Eucharis and Eucrosia, and the
first described species has the bulb, leaves, and white
flowers of Eucharis, but the flowers are much smaller,
and the segments much narrower.
THE POTATO CROPS OF 1883.
SCOTLAND.
Aberdeen. — Potatos seem to be a very valuable
crop this season, and all are from ten to fourteen
days later than usual. No disease as yet. R. Far-
quhar, Fyvie Castle Gardini, July 24.
Banff. — Potatos are everywhere looking healthy
and promising in this district, no disease having as
yet been observed. J. Webster, Gordon Castle,
July 24.
Berwick. — Potatos are yet extremely healthy, and
a large breadth is planted in this locality. Champion
is the favourite variety, being unsurpassed at table
and resisting disease as much as any variety known
here, especially where it is allowed room to grow.
The early crops are perhaps a little later than usual.
W, Fowler^ Mertoitn, St. Boswelts.
Dumbarton. — Fine crop, but late. No disease.
A. Scott, Attchendciinan, July 24.
Dumfries. — Early and second early varieties are
an average crop, and of good quality. Late varieties
look well in the haulm, and, with a little more sun,
promise a good return. There is no disease in this
district as yet. J. Smart, Raehills Gardens, Lockerbie,
July 24.
East Lothian. — The Potatos we have been
using from the garden (Myatt's Kidney, the old Ash-
leaf, and Smith's Early) all turned out a good crop
free from disease, and excellent in quality. The other
varieties look very healthy. Field crops look promis-
ing everywhere about here. L. Dmv, Newbyth"^ Fres-
tonkirk, July 24.
Forfar. — Potatos are all looking extra well in
both the gardens and fields. An unusually large acre-
age has been planted in this district this season, no
doubt on account of the very high prices realised last
season. There are no signs of the disease as yet.
G, Johnston, Glands Castle, July 23.
io6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July aS, 18S3.
Lanark. — The crops, both in gardens and fields,
are healthy and luxuriant. The Champion Potato is
now largely grown in fields in this locality, and it
seems to resist disease better than any other sort in
general use. There is a great breadth of Potatos
planted this year throughout the surrounding country,
the improved prices of last spring having induced the
farmers to plant more largely. A. Tiinibull, Bothwdl
Casdc, July 24.
Midlothian. — The crops in this district are very
good, in lact above the average, and if the rain would
only stop at this date we should have a heavy return.
Charles yohnslon^ Dalhousie Castle Gardens., Jtily 24.
Perth. — The crops have looked well up to now ;
but I notice that the disease is commencing on the
haulm, owing to excessive rains. P. IV. Fairgrieve^
Dunkeldy July 23.
Stirling. — The Potato crop generally has a pro-
mising appearance, the Champion variety specially.
Maurice Fitzgerald, Duumore Gardens^ y^ly 23.
Sutherland. — Early sorts are turning out well.
There are no signs of the disease at present, but late
rains are causing rather too much growth in the
haulm. D, Melville^ DunroHn Castle^ Jztly 23.
ENGLAND.— NORTHERN COUNTIES.
Cumberland. — The Potatos look very well, and
the early sorts are a full crop, and of good quality.
The blight has not appeared in this district yet, and
should it not do so a full crop of the late varieties will
be the result. J. Hammond, Bray ton, Carlisle,
July 23.
Westmoreland.— Both the early and late crops
look very promising. — IVm. A. Miller, Underley
Gardens, Kirkby Lonsdale, "July 23,
Yorkshire. — The Potato so far is good in crop,
very good in quality, and quite' free from disease.
On Friday night and Saturday, July 21, 2-^ inches of
rain fell, with the thermometer at 40°. If we do not
get bright, warm weather after such a downpour
disease, I fear, will set in on the early sorts. W. CuU
verwell, TJwrpe Ferrow, Bedalc, July 23.
— ■ — Ashleaved varieties of all kinds are turning
out good crops. No disease upto the present. Late
Potatos looking \yell. James Foivlcr^ Harcwood House,
Leeds, J^uly 24.
The Potato crop in this district is looking
very promising. No appearance of disease at present.
Robert C. Kingston, Brantingham Thorpe, Brough,
July 24.
The Potato crops both in the gardens and in
the fields are looking very promising, with every
prospect of producing heavy crops if only the disease
keeps off. Owing to the unfavourable planting time,
and the cold weather we have had more or less of
since, kidneys are rather late in coming into use.
They are now, however, plentiful and cheap. AHchael
Saul, Siourton Casth\ July 24.
Lancashire. — EatJy kidneys suffered a little at
one time from Ihe want of rain, which affected the
size of the tubers to some extent, but second early
and late sorts are looking most luxuriant, and can
hardly fail to yield heavy crops. In fields and in
gardens they are making enormous tops, and are
blossoming more freely than I have seen them for
years past. /. Harrison, Anoii'sky, Prescot^ y«/y 23.
Early varieties have produced very fair crops.
Late ones promise very well, and up to the present
I have not seen any trace of the disease. A. Jamie-
son, Hai;ih Hall Gardens, IVigan, July 24.
Early Potatos are turning up well, and late
varieties are very vigorous and healthy in growth.
There are no signs of the disease as yet. //. Lindsay,
Huntroyde Park, July 23.
MIDLAND COUNTIES.
Cheshire. — Early and late sorts are both good
crops. Large quantities are grown in this neighbour-
hood for the Liverpool, Manchester, and Pottery
markets ; up to this date they look well, and are free
from disease. Robert Milne, Vale Royal Gardens,
A'ortJixvich, 'July 24.
■ The early Potatos are good crops, not heavy,
but clean and regular. Late crops are very promising,
but inclined to grow to haulm too much. We find
the disease amongst the early Putatos, though not to
a great extent. 7\ Sclivood, Eaton Gardens, Chester,
July 24.
Notts. — Early Po'atns are plentiful, but not so
lar^^e as usual, this we attribute to the small amount
of really warm weather. There is no appearance of
disease at present. Field Potatos are looking very
well, and if a favourable autumn follow, a heavy crop
is expected. A, Henderson, Thoresby Park, Ollerton,
July 24.
The last fortnight has been wet and cold,
conditions which have not suited Potatos on our cold,
stiff" soil. Early sorts are neither so early nor so fine
as usual, but ihey are free from disease. Disease was
reported a fortnight ago a few miles from here in
some cottage gardens. Most Potatos have more
flower than I have observed for some years past.
Richard Carr, Welbeck, July 23.
Shropshire. — Early sorts I have never known to
be better, both in quantity and quality, and they are
free from disease at present. I tind Veitch's Ashleaf
a good early cropper, and of fine quality, followed by
Myatt's Prolific, three weeks later than the former
when planted at the same time. Of Sutton's Prize-
taker I cannot speak too highly, it being a heavy
cropper and of excellent quality. Late varieties in
the field are looking remarkably well. Richard
Milner, Sundorne Castle, Shreivsbiuy, July 23.
Early sorts are a full average crop, good in
quality, and so far quite sound. Later varieties are
very promising, more especially a sub-variety of
Magnum Bonum, selected by an enthusiastic clerical
amateur in this neighbourhood. This is a vigorous,
distinct-looking sort, with fine smooth broad foliage,
and is said to be a better cropper and six weeks
earlier than Magnum Bonum. Field Potatos of all
sorts look remarkably well, and there is every pros-
pect of a very full crop. James Louden, The Quijita,
Chirk, July 23.
Excellent, and so far free from disease, A. S,
ICemp, Haughton Hall, Shifnal, July 23.
Stafford. — Early varieties are turning out clean
and good crops, and nearly free from disease. Some
of the cottagers are complaining of finding a few
dseased, where thickly planted, but I have seen none ;
late crops are looking well, being strong and healthy.
W, Bennett, Rangemore, Biirton-on-Trent, July 21.
The crops never looked better ; my own
excell all that I have seen here for the past five years.
The disease has not made its appearance yet, but we
want warmer weather. W, IVard, Little Aston
Gardens, Sutton Coldfield, Jttly 23.
I do not recollect ever having seen the
Potato crops look better than they do here at present.
Wm. Davidson, Sandon, Stone, July 23.
Leicester. — The crops are good at this place ; I
have not seen any diseased ones as yet. The quality
is also fine, but if the wet weather continues much
longer the disease will make an appearance among
late ones. James Maclean, Beaumanor Park, July 24.
At present healthy, and the early kinds pro-
lific. Wm, Ingram, Belvoir Castle, July 23.
Warwick. — Potatos are turning out a heavy crop,
and free from disease. Hammersmith and Gloucester
Kidneys have been the best among early varieties,
and now we are lifting Webb's Surprise, which is an
immense cropper and a good table Potato. Later
varieties promise well. R, Greenfield, The Priory,
IVajiaick, July 23.
Potatos are looking very well, and early
varieties are yielding good crops. I have not seen or
heard of any signs of disease. £. Cooper, The Gar-
dens, Highbury, Moseley, July 24.
Northampton. — All vegetable crops are looking
well, and I never saw the Potatos looking better.
There is no sign of the difease yet. Edmund Cole,
Althorp Park Gardens, July 23.
Huntingdon. — Early Potatos are very abundant
and of good quality, but rather late in ripening. I
have not heard of any diseased tubers, though I have
seen a little of the disease in the haulms within the
last few days ; the wet, dull weather is favouring its
development. Field crops and late varieties promise
a plentiful and good supply. ^. Kennedy, Kimbolton
Castle, July 24.
Beds. — The crops are looking well, but the
disease has made its appearance in places. Sunshine
and dry weather-will now be very beneficial. Over
an average crop and very good in quality. Geo, Foi'd,
Wrest Path, Ampthill, July 24.
Oxford. — Ashleaf and other early sorts gave
crops of fine tubers without spot or blemish. Second
and late varieties promise wonderfully well, with no
sign of disease at present. J. Watson, Nunehajn
Park Gardens, Abingdon, July 23.
The Potato crops here, both in Ihe garden and
field, are looking exceedingly wel', and I have found
no sign of the disease at present. Thos. Buckerfield,
^hirburn Castle Gardens, Tetsworth, July 24.
The Potato crops round here look promising.
Garden varieties are turning out clean and well.
BenJ. Hope, Middleton Park Gardens, Bicester,
July 24.
Bucks. — At the present time Potatos look very
promising ; a little disease is, however, visible on the
haulm, but we have not found any trace of it among
the tubers which have been lifted. Geo. T. Miles,
Wycombe Abbey Gardens, July 23.
The crops with us are in splendid condition,
and there is no appearance of disease, but I fear the
wet weather will bring it. This has been a very fine
.season for vegetables generally, everything being good .
Thomas Bailey, Shardeloes, Amersham, July 23.
Herts. — Potatos are turning out remarkably clean
and good, Regents in the fields look very promising.
I have heard that the disease has put in an appear-
ance in the neighbourhood, but we have none here.
Geo, Merrill, The Hoo Gardens, Wekvyn, July 24.
Potatos look exceedingly well, and give pro-
mise of an abundant crop of fine quality. R, Thompson,
Gorhambury, St, Alban^s, Jzily 23.
EASTERN COUNTIES.
Lincoln.— My "Wilson's Early " is harvested, a
full crop of fine tubers ; Myatt's are now in, and are
really good in quality. Late crops are looking
well. Magnum Bonums and Champions especially.
No disease at present. R. Gilbert, Burghley Park,
July 23.
Early Potatos are good but small ; no disease
yet. Late sorts are looking well, but fine weather is
much wanted, or I fear the disease will soon make its
appearance. Thomas Vinden, Harlaxton Manor,
Grantham, July 24.
Suffolk. — The early crops have been abundant
and good in size and quality. Later cropsVrelooking
most promising, and up to the present there is no
appearance of disease. T, Wallis, The Gardens,
Orwell Pai'k, Ipswich, July 24.
Essex. — All our Potatos planted on newly trenched
ground have failed. J. Douglas, Great Gearics, Ilford,
July 21.
SOUTHERN COUNTIES.
Berks. — I never saw the Potatos look so well. All
the early kinds are turning out good crops of fine
quality, and quite free from disease. I, however, saw
a patch or two diseased last week in some cottage
gardens, and I am afraid if this weather continues it
may spread. James Tcgg, Bearwood, July 23.
Middlesex, — Potatos, so far (July 23) are looking
well, indeed alf the breadths of late robust kinds are
exceptionally healthy, and have improved under the
recent rains, as previously the soil had become dry,
and the crops were in danger of giving out. Whilst
the crops also are almost everywhere late, there seems
fortunately so far to have been absence of disease,
though the spell of cold weather — including at times
some truly cold nights — has told upon the leafage of
many of the earlier sorts, and there is rust or speck on
it that, without wearing any virulent aspect, seems to
be disease. That such very low temperature with
cold winds and storms must, if long continued, tell
disastrously upon the exotic Potato plant, there can
be no doubt, but, with the exception of the unusually
late tubering, and suffering here and there from
drought, Potato culture so far this year has been all
couleur de rose. A, Dean, Bedfont,
The early Potatos are turning out very well.
The late kinds are looking well ; no signsof disease at
present. John Woodbridge, Syon Gardens, Brentford.
The crop generally is looking well ; early
kinds, such as Veitch's and Myatt's Early Ashleaf
Kidneys, are very good, and scarcely any diseased
tubers have been found amongst them so far. Should
the present weather, however, continue much longer
I fear we shall have a large proportion of diseased
tubers at taking-up time. T. P., Stanmore, July 23.
Up to the present time the crops have looked
well. After trying a good many sorts we find nothing
better (taken as a whole) than Myatt's Prolific.
Late kinds suffer so much from disease that we have
given up growing them. 7* Willard, Holly Lodge
Gardens, Highgate, Jitly 23.
Surrey. — Remarkably healthy, and the fields in
full bloom are quite a picture. They are also very
good in flavour this year. W, Denning, Combe Lane,
Norbiion, July 23.
July 2S, iSSj]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
107
SffRREY. — Very gnod, ariil quite fice from cHscase.
//. C. A/cRae, East Uorslcy Towers, July 23.
Kent. — The haulm is looking strong and well, and
there is every prospect of a heavy crop ; but the
di.>e.ise has just made its appearance — I observed it
for the first time on the 17th, in apiece of Early Rose.
yohn Charllon^ Tuiil'>2(f_i;e IVtiis, Jitly 2\.
Putatos are excellent ; late varieties are look-
inji remaikably stroni:^ and healthy. R. Gray, Chcvca-
iii;^, Scvowaks, July 23.
Sussex. — I observe symptoms of the disease on the
leaves of the American Rose, but not in any of ihe
Ashleaf kinds, nor in any of the late sorts. J , Rust^
Eii,ioc Cas/k; July 23.
The Potato blij^ht is showing itself in a very
bad form — so much so that every one is taking up the
crop. In some cases good sound tubers and a large
crop have been stored. Veitch's and Myatt's Ash-
leaf, also Sutton's Reading Russet, Prizetaker, and
Fiftyfold have been very good with me. S. Ford^
The Gardens, Leonardslee^ llorshavi.
The crops are excellent, but the disease is
appearing in the tops. I have not seen any in the
tubers at present. All other vegetable crops are good.
F. Rutland, Goodwood, July 23.
Potatos arc looking strong and well every-
where, but the disease has shown itself in many places
during the pa^t fortnight, though I do not hear of the
tubers being affected much at present. Many persons
are taking ihem up. The crops are excellent in
quantity, but not first-class in quality; there has been
too much wet of late. G. Brccsc, Peiworth^ July 23.
Hants. — The crop is a good one in quantity and
fine in quality, and all the early kinds are free from
disease. Late sorts look very promising and free
from disease about here. Wm. Sinythe, The Gardens,
Basing Park, AUon, July 24.
In field and garden Potatos could not possibly
look better, and the quality of the early varieties is
superb ; at present there is not the slightest appear-
ance of the disease, and if we can but keep free of
this I shall be safe in predicting that this year will be
notable for cheap and good Potatos. The kinds most
generally grown hereabouts are the old A^hleaf types
and Lapstone for earlies, and for main crops Scotch
Champion, Magnum Bonum, and Reading Hero ;
both the latter kinds are rising in favour, but the
former has been so badly diseased the past two seasons
that it is fast losing popularity. IV. Wildsmith, Heck'
field Place, Winchjield, July 23.
Early sorts are a good crop and fine in quality,
but during the last few days the disease has made its
appearance- Late sorts look well, Thomas Myles,
The Gardens, Appley Tozvcrs, Ryde, July 23.
Throughout this district the Potato crop is an
excellent one, and the disease was considerably later
in making its appearance, in fact most of the early
varieties are sufficiently ripe to he dug up out of
danger; the weather is just as favourable for its
development as it possibly could be. So far the
main crop, or late varieties, are free free from it.
F, Thirlhy, Broadlands, Rontsey, July 24.
Wilts. — With us, and so far as I know in this
district, the Potato crop is an excellent one, the
ground being full of large tubers, which as yet are
perfectly free from disease. The following, among
many others, are varieties that cannot be too well
known or extensively grown in the garden : — Inter-
national Kidney (a truly grand Potato), Vicar of
Laleham, Sutton's Reading Russet (an immense
cropper), Sutton's Early Border, Schoolmaster, and
Woodstock Kidney. H, W. Ward, Longford Castle,
Salisbury.
There is every prospect of a good crop of
both early and late sorts, and although a few diseased
tubers have been found amongst some of the early
varieties there is, comparatively speaking, little cause
to complain on this point ; by the time this appears
in print the greater part of the crop of our early
varieties will probably have been dug up and stored
away. J. Horsefield, Heyteshury, July 23.
The crops in this neighbourhood are wonder-
fully good, and the quality excellent. Very few
diseased tubers have been found. Thos, Aln^, Devizes
Cattle, July 23.
DousET. — The Potato crops are very promising,
but the disease is just making its appearance, and I
fear the wet weather will bring it on very severely.
Many acres of Potatos have been planted around
here this season. C. Hazel, Leioeston House, Sher-
borne, July 23.
WESTERN COUNTIES.
Hereford. — The crops are promising well, and
early kinds are free from disease. R. Abbey, lloline
Lacey Gardens^ Hereford, July 24.
Worcester. — Potato disease first appeared this
season about June 30, Defiance Kidney being the first
to show it, otherwise early kinds are turning out well
and good in quality, and late crops look highly satis-
factory up to date. IVilliam Crump, Madrcsfield
Court, Malvern, July 24.
All the Poratos are looking very wtli, and
show no signs of disease. We find the Covcnt Garden
Perfection and Veitch's Ashleaf good early sorts. The
field sorts grown about here are principally Champions
and Magnum Bonums. Geo. IVestland, ITilley Court,
July 24.
Gloucester. — The Potato crops in this district
never looked more promising. The early crops are
enormous, and good in quality. The disease has
appeared within the last few days. Magnum Bonum
and the Scotch Champion are free from disease as jet.
y. Sowray, Hii^hnain Court, Gloucester, Jiilv 24.
Monmouth. — I never saw the Potato crops look-
ing better than they do here now, both in gardens
and fields. I have seen no signs of the di'-ease, but
hear it is in this neighbourhood. We are digging
Veitch's Ashleaf, excellent in every way, and all
other kinds appear equally promising. 1 homas
Cooinbcr, Hendie Park, July 2^.
Somerset. — The crops around here are the best
we have had for many years, the quality excellent,
and the quantity enormous. No trace of the disease
has at present come under my notice, and the haulm
both in garden and field looks all that can be desired.
y, Austen, Ashton Court Gardens, Bristol, yuly 23.
Over avenge, and very good. W. y. Roiuley,
Kingsiocsion, Taunton, July 23.
Devon. — Potatos are looking well everywhere.
Early varieties have yielded crops of first size and
quality. Disease is making its appearance in places,
we purpose drawing up the whole of the haulm on its
appearance, and scatter lime over the whole ground.
I have not seen or heard of it in the tuber up to the
present. Beauty of Hebron ranks as one of the very
best for early work, and Sutton's Magnum Bonum main-
tains the foremost position as the best for field work
and general use for the winter and spring supply in this
district. D. C. Powell.
The crops in this neighbourhood are very fine.
Kidneys large and good. With regard to late sorts
there is every appearance of a good crop ; the haulm is
strong and looking vigorous, and up to now very free
from disease. A, Ayson, Oxton House Gardens, Ken-
ton, yuly 24.
A fine crop, and there is no disease. F. Geary,
Eggesford Gardens, July 23.
WALES.
Glamorgan, — Potatos promise to be heavy crops,
but the late rains have caused excessive top growth
on the late varieties that bodes ill for their resistance
of the disease when it sets in. Curl is rather pre-
valent, especially on such sorts as Triumph, Trophy,
Beauty of Hebron, and other tender American sorts ;
and in such cases a few diseased tubers are to be seen.
Field crops are looking well, and early Kidneys are
turning out clean and good, Ralph CrossUiig, Penarth
Nu! series, yuly 23.
Montgomery. — The Potato crops are very healthy
at present. IV. Lee, Powis Castle Gardens, Welshpool,
yuly 24.
Pemhroke. — The early varieties were a good clean
crop, but a little later than usual. The second earlies
are a very heavy crop, and the tubers are large and
clean grown. The late crops also look exceedingly
well. The first spots of disease were observed on
the I2th inst., but it has made but little progress
so far in spite of the apparently favourable weaiher
for its de^'elopment. G. Gri§in, Slcbeck Park.
Jnb- 23. '^
IRELAND.
Cavan. — The crops look very promising through-
out the county, and if the disease does not set in the
yield will be an abundant one. Early sorts are turning
out well, both as regards quantity and quality ; no
signs of the disease as yet. W. y.
Clare. — The crops here never looked better ; I
don't hear a single complaint, nor is there any
appearance of the disease as yet. William Wilson,
The Gardens, Dromoland Castle, July 24..
Derry. — The crops are remarkably good, but we
want drier weather. William Fleming, Palace
Gardens, yuly 23.
Fermanagh. — The crop promises to be a very
good one ; all that is wanted is sun and heat to ripen
the crop. Very little disease in this neighbourhood
as yet. Williant Magee, Florence Court, Enniskillen^
July 24.
Kildare. — The early crops have been very fine,
and so far are free from disease, although for the past
fortnight we have had an abundance of rain, with
frequent thunderstorms, lic. The late crops, which
are principally Champions, are looking remarkably
well. I believe the cultivation of the Potato has
much improved during the past few years, and th;it
growers now reco;;nise the necessity of early planting
and of frtqucnlly changing their seed — two golden
rules hitherto little practised in this country. Philip
Wadds, The Gardejis, Moore Abbey, July 23.
CHANNEL ISLANDS.
Jersey. — The Potatos were cut down in many
places in April by sharp frosts — a very unusual occur-
rence here ; but the crop lias proved an abundant one,
Ed'vard J'ond, 7 he Vineries, July2T,.
STREET PLANTING IN
CALCUTTA.
The following extract from a letter of Mr. C. B.
Clarke may interest some readers of the Gardeners'"
Chronicle: — *' I give you a list of the trees planted
in the street on the east side of Tank Square, Cal-
cutta (there are more than a hundred species of trees
and large shrubs around the tank) : —
Anihocephalns Cadamba
•Mimufops Elengi
MiUingtonia hortensis
•Teclona graudis
Grevillea robusta
' Ficus benghalemis
•Ficus rcligiosa
Causarina eqiiisetifoUa
Micbelia champaca
"Calophyllum Inophylluni
*Ptercspermum aceritolLum
■^Rleiia Azadirachta
Cedrela Toona
"Cassia Siamea
*Poinciana regia
*Albizzia odoratissima
*Lagerslrccmia Flos-Regina:
With the exception of the Poinciana, Grevillea, and
Casuarina, these are all Indian trees ; and all those
marked with a * are in flower at the time of writing.'
Some idea of the aspect these trees present when
in flower may be obtained in the " North " Gallery,
Royal Gardens, Kew, where paintings of nearly every
one will be found.
Respecting the temperature Mr. Clarke writes : —
"Our shade thermometer rose to 98° to 102° daily
by April 7, and has been somewhat higher ever
since. It is said to be the hottest season since iS6g.
The nights are just so hot that at 4 a.m. the perspi-
ration streams over your ribs." W. B, H,
PROGRESS IN LILY CULTURE.
What were the Lilies of which TarquiniusSuperbua
knocked off the heads with his walkmg slick in the
palace garden at Rome, because they grew taller than
the surrounding plants? Perhaps L. candidum and
L. chalcedonicum ; for, though white Lilies were the
favourites for decoration at banquets, red Lilies are
also mentioned by Roman writers. But whatever
they were, it is hardly likely that the royal gardener
succeeded in growing them 5 or 6 feet hiyh ; and had
Tarquin lived in these days he would certainly have
been required to leave his cane at the gardener's lodge,
before being admitted to walk in our gardens, where
Lilium auratum grows S feet high, and L. pardalinum
10 feet.
It is not, however, tall and rank growth that should
be aimed at in growing Lilies ; it is amongst those
with the most succulent stalks and vigorous leaves
that mischief is likely to happen. After a warm and
genial June, the dog-days are ushered in by cold rains
— more frequently indeed in Cheshire than by fine
weather — progress is checked, especially in the
Japanese Lilies, which are altogether unused to such
a climate ; a small brown spot appears on the side or
near the point of the flower-bud, and alter that you
may dredge with flowers of sulphur till the whole bed
is yellow, but those beds will never produce a present-
able flower.
The practice of growing Lilies together in beds
especially prepared for them, ditferent mixtures of soil
being made acc:)rding to the requirements of dilTerent
kinds, has been generally recommended, and much
may be said in favour of it, for the soil which is best
for such kinds as L. colchicuni and the varieties of
L. Martagon, would be too strong to grow — for
instance, the very pretty Lilies belonging to the L.
elegans group ; but I am coming more and more to
the belief that many Lilies do quite as well or better
in the mixed border, if it is well drained and the soil
good. The surrounding herbaceous plants give them
just the shelter they want ; they get also a greater
variety of situation, and one learns more in this way
about their likes and dislikes, and they often grow
finest in the most unlikely spots. Sometimes, when
they have been planted for two or three years and
quite forgotten, a splendid head of L. Humboldlirr
L. colchicum will assert its right to be seen, and quite
eclipse all the other plants in the border.
Most of the L. auratum here liave now been three
or four years in their place, and are permanently
established, They perhaps represent the number
io8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
rjULY 28, 1883.
originally planted in the proportion of one to ten, but
they will now begin to increase. To get a stock of
this plant requires patience and perseverance. Those
who buy a hundred bulbs when they begin to be im-
ported, say in September, and plant them out, and
find that at the end of a year nearly all are dead,
should not on that account abjure the cultivation of
L. auratum. They should recollect that these bulbs
were dug up when in flower, encased in a ball of
clay, and sent a voyage of 10,000 miles, to be re-
planted in a climate and soil quite different to their
own. The wonder is, not that so many fail, but that
any succeed ; those that live to the third year may be
expected to do well. But we may expect the market
soon to be well stocked with bulbs raised from seed
ripened in England. I am sceptical about acclima-
tisation of plants, as the word is generally understood ;
but it is certain that these bulbs will come to our
gardens from the nurseries in which they have been
raised from seed with many more chances in their
favour. A dozen which I bought last autumn raised
from English seed have a clean and healthy look in
every leaf which I never saw from imported bulbs in
their first season.
But I am far from thinking that L. auratum is the
most desirable of garden Lilies ; its large flowers are
too much at the mercy of the weather : several
American Lilies are better suited to these stormy
Krameri thrives, for which my outdoor soil and
climate are two wet. Several forms of Washingtoni-
anum, which also perish out-of-doors, have flowered
or are flowering beautifully. L. Humboldti keeps its
foliage green and its stalk healthy to the opening of
the last bud, of which each plant bears many, my
largest spike having fifty-four flowers and buds.
Another beautiful Lily, L. Hansoni, does well under
glass, though it fails to flower well out-of-doors, in
spite of vigorous growth, because the buds show so
early as always to be damaged here by May frosts.
L. Leichtlini, L. Parryi, L. parvum, all do better
under shelter here than out-of-doors ; so do the
longiflorum group of European Lilies, besides Mar-
tagons, of which all the varieties seem to like strong
soil and do well everywhere in this garden. L. mona-
delphum, or'colchicum (if it may be called European),
is one of the best. It does decidedly better in the
mixed border, and in strong loam, than in the peat
Lily beds. I tried planting some with a shovelful
of ground bones mixed in the soil, and these, whether
post or propter hoc, have the finest heads, numbering
up to twelve and fourteen flowers.
Three years ago I bought a very shabby-looking,
dried-up lot at one of Stevens' sales for about id.
each. It proved one of the best gardening invest-
ments I ever made ; the bulbs all recovered, and
contained all the varieties figured in Mr. Elwes'
off before flowering, unless treated to raised beds,
like L. elegans. L. candidum, L. chalcedonicum,
and L. pomponium do tolerably well ; the former best
amongst the Gooseberry bushes in the kitchen garden.
L. chalcedonicum often has its buds iniured here by
late frosts, to which it is not accustomed in its native
country. L. testaceum thrives everywhere. As for
L. giganteum, I think its cultivation will not be diffi-
cult where the soil is deep and not too heavy, and the
situation sheltered. It ripens seed so abundantly,
and is with patience so easily raised from it, that
many hundreds of thousands of flowering bulbs are
likely to come into the market in two or three years,
and probably at a reasonable price. A flowering
head of it is a fine sight in a shrubbery, but many
who have small gardens will think the room a plant
takes for four years before flowering hardly compen-
sated by one fortnight's display. In conclusion, I
would advise all to plant Lilies according to the room
at their disposal, and after two or three years to
report progress. C. Wolley Dod, Ed^e Hall, Malpas,
July 21.
SARCOPODIUM DEAREI.
Under this name the plant represented in the accom-
panying figure (fig. 17) was recently exhibited at South
Kensington by Lieut.-Colonel Deare, of Englefield
^
■i^/\\\,\y
:m^^
Fig. 17. — SARCOPODIUM dearei.
dog-days. The most easily cultivated of them here
is L. pardalinum and its varieties, of which the tallest
grow 10 feet high, bearing about fifteen flowers in a
pyramid. They delight in pure peat, but do not
require it, though they grow less vigorously in ordin-
ary soil. The finest variety is that known as califor-
nicum, which seldom grows more than 5 or 6 feet high,
and bears larger and fewer flowers. I have a spike
this year with twelve flowers, the greatest number I
ever saw. The petals of this variety are recurved, so
as to meet in a pyramidal point ; the centre of the
flower has a glossy white appearance, and the upper
part of the flower is bright red — much brighter than
the typical pardalinum. L. canadense does not
flourish nearly as well in the same soil, and hardly
makes any increase. L, Humboldti grows and
flowers magnificently ; the same plant, however, does
not flower well every year, and they are liable some-
times to be attacked by spot before the flowering is
quite completed. This Lily seems to do equally well
in the peat beds, and in the mixed soil of a well
drained border, but best of all in a bed sheltered with
lights from winter rains, about which I must say a
few words.
Mr. Elwes in the introduction to his Monograph
of the Lilies, recommends a covered bed of this kind.
The size of mine is 20 feet by 12 feet, and I find it
very successful. The lights are removed during
warm and rainy weather in spring, but put on again
to protect the Lilies when in flower. Here L.
Monograph. This Lily ripens seed in abundance,
and it comes up readily. A writer in the Gardeners'
Chronicle (p. 75) tells us that the seedlings make
flowering plants in three years. I wish he had told
us how it is done, as I know horticulture can do
great things, and there is such a thing as getting two
years' growth out of one ; but Mr. Elwes says it
takes ten years to flower this Lily from seed, and I
have seedlings three years old which do not seem to
be half way to flowering. This seed makes its first
year's growth underground.
The varieties of L. elegans which like a light,
warm soil do fairly well here, only on raised very
sandy beds ; but there is a class of Lilies, which I
have supposed to be hybrids between L. elegans and
L. croceum, which do well here, and, indeed, wher-
ever I have seen them tried ; and for the decoration
of mixed beds in our English climate cannot be too
highly recommended. They make very large heads
of yellow or crimson or dark orange flowers, flower-
ing in June, and growing 3 feet high or more. Mr.
Elwes says he cannot make out the parentage of
these, which are raised, some in Japan, some in Hol-
land or Germany. I think Mr. Ware refers them to
L. davuricum ; in other catalogues they appear as
varieties of umbellatum. But a full Lily catalogue
has now become as intricate as a Bradshaio's Time
Table, and requires as much education to understand.
All the varieties of L. tigrinum do badly in the damp
climate of my garden, often turning brown and going
Green, near Egham. Whether it is a published name
we have not ascertained. The genus Sarcopodium is
not retained by Mr. Bentham, some of the proposed
species being referred to Dendrobium, and the rest to
Bulbophyllum. Our plant is clearly allied to Bulbo-
phyllum Lobbii. We append an imperfect description.
Pseudobulbs ovate, somewhat compressed, glab-
rous ; leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, channelled,
dark green ; flowers solitary on peduncles arising
from the base of the pseudobulbs ; dorsal sepal
oblong, acute, olive-yellow, with purple spots ; lateral
sepals spreading, yellow, with lilac stripes ; petals
narrow, reflexed ; lip movable.
ZENOBIA SPECIOSA, VAR.
PULVERULENTA.
This is a hardy shrub that every one goes into
raptures over, and yet which few grow — why, it
would be hard to say. It is of dwarf habit with
leathery ovate leaves covered with a glaucous bloom,
and not unfrequently, especially in the young state,
flushed with pink. The numerous flowers are borne
in racemes, and are in general form and colour like
those of the Lily of the Valley, but larger. The plant
is a native of North Carolina, growing in swampy
places, but in this country a peat bed, or a light loamy
soil suits it very well. It is easily propagated by
layers. We do not know if any one has attempted to
JOLY 28, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
109
force it, but if not, it would be well worth the trial.
The green-leaved forms, Z. speciosa and Z. speciosa
nitida, are handsome, but the variety pulverulenta here
figured (fig. 18) is so much superior and so distinct in
globose urceolate in Andromeda ; in the anthers,
which are prolonged into long slender tubes in
Zenobia, while they are blunt in Andromeda. The
seeds of Zenobia are, moreover, cubical, while those
Fig. 18.— ZINOBIA SPECIOSA, VAR. PULVERULENTA. (SEE P. I08.)
every way that it is much to be preferred for cultiva-
tion.
The genus Zenobia is close to Andromeda, so close
that it is a matter of suprise that it should be retained.
The differences as given by Bentham and Hooker re-
side in the corolla, which is bell-shaped in Zenobia,
of Andromeda are compressed. For the specimen
whence our illustration was taken, we are indebted
to Mr. Maurice Young, of Godalming, whose
love for plants has led him to retain many of the
old favourites temporarily neglected by the caprice
of the day.
FOI^ESTI^Y.
The Re-afforesting of Ireland. — The fol-
lowing valuable contribution, from the pen of Vis-
count Powerscourt, to the literature of a subject
which is attracting much attention, appeared in the
Times of Saturday last : —
For some time past recommendations have been
brought forward by Dr. Lyons, M.P., and other
gentlemen as to planting the waste lands of Ireland,
with the view of utilising mountain sides and parts of
the country which are almost valueless for agricul-
tural purposes, and are so covered with rocks and at
so considerable an elevation above the sea level that
it would never repay the outlay of reclaiming them
sufficiently to enable them to be made use of for
tillage.
As I have executed some works of this kind, on
what is, for Ireland, a somewhat extensive scale, I am
anxious to lay before the public the result of my expe-
rience, although I know that what I have done is not at
all to be compared to the immense plantations formed
in Scotland by the late Earl of Seafield and others.
My work was carried out to a large extent by Mr,
Charles France, who was then my forester, and who
is now in the employment of the Earl of Mansfield at
Scone Palace, but since he left it has been completed
by other hands.
The first plantation which I undertook, of any
extent, was ona mountain opposite Powerscourt House,
in the county Wicklow, where I enclosed some 350
acres as an addition to an older plantation, and planted
it principally with Larch and Scotch Fir at an eleva-
tion of from 600 feet to 800 feet above the sea. I
then took in about 200 acres of another mountain at
about the same elevation, looking, like the first, to
the south and south-west.
I will not go into details as to these plantations,
except to say that they are thriving well, especially
the first one, out of which I have been cutting poles
for some years, because I was so much encouraged by
their success that I undertook a similar operation on
a larger scale, and the method was the same in each
case. Before planting it was necessary to enclose the
ground, and I employed a gang of about seven or
eight men and some boys to build dry walls of the
granite stone so plentiful on the ground round the
sites of the intended woods. In the former cases the
walls were built about 5 feet to 6 feet high, including
a rough coping, the outer face of the wall being built
perpendicular or with a slight batter inwards at the
top, with the coping projecting some 6 inches to
10 inches outwards, to prevent sheep jumping up,
the inner face being left quite rough next the wood.
The country round is so much fenced with stone walls
that there was no difficulty in finding men accustomed
to that kind of work. They lifted and rolled the
larger stones which they found nearest with crowbars
till they formed a rough line for the lower part of the
wall, some of the stones weighing several tons, and
then blasted and chipped the faces of them, afterwards
building up the remainder to the required height, at
so much a perch, by contract.
In the larger plantation, to which I intend more
particularly to refer, it took seven years to build the
wall round it, and it lies on the south-west side of the
valley of Glencree, and embraces, at a rough guess,
about 700 acres. It is about 2 miles long, by the
road which runs along it at the bottom, and varies in
width, being in some places about a mile wide. The
upper boundary is determined by the shape of the
hills, as it was useless to plant above a certain level.
In this, as in the other cases to which I have
referred, I had very little drainage to do, merely
deepening and straightening the small natural streams
running down the mountain so as to prevent the
water spreading over the ground and soddening it.
This plantation is at an elevation of some 500 feet at
the bottom to 800 feet at the top above the sea.
In the wall were placed, at the points where the
streams ran down the hill, openings in the wall filled
with iron gratings slung on chains with the bottoms
loose, so that stones and gravel brought down by the
winter floods should pass through and not stop up the
waterways. The wall of the plantation was built
from 6 feet to 7 feet high, as I had intended it to form
an addition to the deer park at some future time.
The cost of this wall was \\s. a perch of 7 yards, and
there are about 1266 perches of it, so that the cost
may be put at about £^<Xl in round numbers. I am
110
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 28, 18)3.
not very sure about the extent of the wood, as it has
never been surveyed, but I think I am rather under
than over stating it at 700 acres Irish.
Dr. Lyons, M.P., in his descriptions of planting
operations, mentions the expense of digging holes for
the trees, but this is not at all necessary, except for
some special specimens, or for plants of a large size
likely to be blown over by wind, and it is much better
not to use large plants. The plan adopted by me was
notching, as practised in Scotland — viz., each planter,
with a notching spade made on purpose, cuts the sur-
face like a cross, or in the shape of the letter T, and
turns up the soil by reversing the spade ; a boy follows
him and puts a plant into the hole, and the planter,
holding the plant upright with his left hand, treads
down the notch again on each side of the stem with
alternate feet.
This is all that is required with plants— say from 9
inches to 15 inches in height— the best size for plant-
ing ; and a man can plant much firmer in this way,
which is the great secret of the success of a plantation,
as the plants are not liable to have their roots shaken
by the wind as in the loose soil of 3 newly-made hole
or pit. With very large plants pits are necessary —
that is, plants of from 3 feet to 4 feet high, but it is
better to reject such plants and put in smaller ones,
which will soon catch up the larger ones, as I have
seen myself, in the (irst few years, although, if the
large plants are firmly put in, in a few years it will
not be easy to tell the difference.
The plants were put in at about 4 feet apart — say,
4000 to the Irish acre.
The late Lord Lovat told me that latterly he never
planted nearer than 5 foot apart, and with ordinary
cire to exclude and keep down rabbits I am sure that
is near enough. The plants were as nearly as pos-
sible per acre : — 2000 Larch, at, say, 20j. per 1000,
£1; 1500 Scotch Fir, at, say, 1 5 J. per 1000,
^i 2s. 6d.; 500 Spruce, at, say,'l5J. per 1000, p. 6d.
Cost of planting per acre, I2J-. 61/.; cost of enclosing,
lij-. 51/.— total, £4 ly. lilt
But for the purpose of this plantation I established
a nursery of about 6 acres at Powerscourt, and pur-
chased from Scotland and from Messrs. Francis &
Arthur Dickson, of Chester, seedlings of one year, at
from 2s. to 3^. per 1000. These were laid in the
nursery, and twice transplanted before they went out
on the hill. Those that I purchased as 2year-old
seedlings cost about 8s. per 1000 for Larch, and 51.
per 1000 for Scotch Fir and Spruce, and these were
only kept one year in the nursery before being planted
out.
I purposely placed the nursery in the highest and
most exposed place I could find in the demesne, about
550 feet above the sea, so that the plants did not feel
the difference of climate on being planted out on the
hill. This plantation was commenced in 1S69, and
the number of plants turned out of the nursery annually
for the nine years it took to complete it was from
300,000 to 400,000.
There is nothing allowed for cost of drains in the
above estimate, as the hillsides not being very damp,
and very little of it being level, very little drainage
was required, but where there was not a sufiicient
fall, and wet places occurred, ordinary surface drains
were made about 2 feet wide at top, and iS inches
deep, costing, say, one penny per yard. The rocky
nature of the soil and the steep acclivities made the
cost of planting rather more than would have been
the case in more level situations, as the ground not
being accessible by carts the plants had to be carried
a considerable distance on men's backs.
The plants were laid in the nursery for two years
in succession at a cost of about lOi/, per 1000, and
by that means and by the process mentioned above
as to their purchase better rooted and more robust
plants were turned out than could have been done by
any other method. Besides ordinary trees — that is,
Larch, Spruce, and Scotch Fir — I planted about half
the wood with Oak, Willow, Poplar, Ash, and Alder,
after the Firs had been in about two years, putting
the hardwood from 12 feet to 20 feet apart all over it,
and on the lower and western parts of it I put in some
5000 or more Douglas Fir, from 2000 to 3000 each of
Thuia gigantea, Cedrus Deodara, Pinus insignis, Cu-
pressus Lawsoniana, Picea nobilis, Araucarias, and
other kinds of the rarer Coniferce. There is also
a considerable sprinkling of Pinus Laricio, which
I consider to be perhaps the most valuable of the
recently imported foreign Conifers. It grows much
faster than Scotch Fir, and becomes timber in an in-
credibly short space of time. I have already cut
specimens of this tree of my own planting, which
were from 35 to 40 feet high, with proportionate
girth. These Conifers in this wood are thriving, and
already form lovely specimens. This I attribute to
the virgin soil, as all trees appear to do much
better where the land has not been formerly
cultivated. All these I raised from seed in my own
nursery, and they grew there so fast that I had to work
very hard for several winters to get them all planted
out before they became too large to be moved safely.
All these trees had to have holes dug for them, and I
superintended the placing and planting of them all
myself, and now I pay an old man to keep cutting
away the surrounding Larch, &c., from each plant, to
prevent their laterals being injured by overcrowding.
During the first year after each section was planted,
the progress of growth was, of course, very inconsider-
able, and I find that I may say that for the first two
years trees in that locality make little or no growth,
but merely establish themselves in the soil ; but after
that time, during the third and fourth years, they make
from 16 to 20 inches, and in the older trees I have
frequently measured the year's growth at from
3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet. It is now nearly fourteen
years since I began this plantation, and the older part
has been twice thinned, and there are Larches in the
first planted portion which, if measured to the extreme
point, would be very little short of 30 feet high, and
the average height is not less than 20 feet in the oldest
part of the wood. There are trees, several of them to
an acre, girthing 20 inches at 4 feet from the ground.
Early thinning is requisite, and that has, no doubt,
served the trees much. The second thinning has cost
little or nothing, as the sale of the Larch bark has
covered the expense.
The progress of the Scotch Firs is as satisfactory,
for, although they have not made the same height as
the Larch, they look strong and healthy. The future
thinnings will be confined very much to the Scotch
Firs, so that the ultimate crop may be chiefly Larch
and the choicer kinds of Conifers.
On the higher parts the growth has not, of course,
been so rapid, but still it is fairly satisfactory. On
the portion which has been twice thinned the trees
stand now at an average distance of S feet apart, say
1000 trees per Irish acre, and if we value them at 3</.
each, we have ;f 12 lOi. per acre as the present market
value. I do not think this too high, taking the aver-
age girth of the Latch at 10 inches at 6 feet from the
ground.
For the first twenty years in that district it may be
prudent to assume that no return whatever will be
derived from the plantation ; the thinnings up to this
time do not more than cover the cost of cutting and
the interest on the first cost. But after a lapse of,
say, twenty-five years from the time of planting it is
a moderate estimate that, for thirty to forty years, an
annual return of Ss. per acre may be obtained, and,
at the age of forty to forty- five years, the crop left
standing cannot be worth less than ^50 per acre.
No doubt many causes may supervene to affect the
value of the plantations, such as variety of soil and
situation, and the demand for timber at the time it is
cut i but if anything like the present rate of growth
is maintained for the next twenty years, ^50 per acre
will be a low estimate. In giving the cost of plant-
ing, I may state that I intentionally caused larger and
more expensive plants to be used in some places on
account of the rank growth of herbage ; but on land
with more Heath, and where the plants have to be
brought from a public nursery, smaller trees might be
used, and this would reduce the cost of planting by,
say, 30J. an acre. I mention this because some writers
on the subject have estimated the cost at a very high
rate.
Planting of similar tracts of land in Scotland can
be done for from 20s. to 30J. per acre, and there is no
reason why this should not be done in Ireland, except
for the rank growth of the grass. The hillside should,
however, be burnt before planting the trees. I think
it was Lord Longford who stated that land could be
reclaimed for agricultural purposes at less cost than
planting, but at such high elevations and on such
steep acclivities this would, in my opinion, not repay
the outlay.
There is a main road in course of formation from
end to. end of this wood, which is now 2600 yards
long, but it is not finished, and when it is so it will
be rather over than under 2 miles long. There were
only five or six years consumed in the actual filling
of the whole ground with trees, and the other three
or four years mentioned above were taken up in re-
filling places where the plantation had partially failed
on account of bad seasons, and in planting the hard-
wood, which was done separately, after the Fir and
Larch had been put in.
I should stale that this last and largest wood which
I have made looks to the north and north-east, and
that it has thriven quite as well as the former ones
with a more sheltered exposure.
The small streams which run down through it will
be very useful in a few years to turn a turbine for
sawing up the timber, and I left a Small piece of
land alongside the largest stream for a site for a saw-
mill and timber yard in the future.
|td,id I
otcf) im\ mtmm
Work in the Houses. — Daring cool weather,
such as we are now getting, it will be necessary to
keep the fires in connection with the warm houses
going steadily, as at no season are the plants more
susceptible to sudden changes of temperature than
when they are making their young growths. This
treatn.ent must be maintained, when there is an
absence of solar heat, till the plants have completed
their growths. Some of them will now be approach-
ing this stage, especially the earliest Dendrobiums,
and this will necessitate giving them a change of
treatment. When they are free Irom mealy-bug
there is no better place for ripening up Dendrobes
than a vinery where the fruit is in the last stage of
ripening. The gradually increasing ventilation and
dryness of atmosphere in the vinery will just suit these
plants, but on no account should they be introduced
into fruit-houses if they are infested with the bug, as this
would lead to almost endless labour, and perhaps the
destruction of crops of fruit of far more value than the
Dendrobes. Before removal from their growing
quarters the plants, if infested with thrips, should be
lightly fumigated a couple of evenings in succession.
The later batches of this genus must now receive every
encouragement to get their growths well developed
before the autumn sets in, as growths made by any of
the spring-flowering Dendrobiums at that season are
of little value for producing flowers the following
season. The Thunias will now require less water
than during the flowering stage, and a slightly reduced
temperature and a sunny position will tend to ripen
their bulbs, so that the plants will pass through the
winter season without being too susceptible to slight
changes of temperature or other atmospheric condi-
tions. Some of the terrestrial Orchids, such as the
Phaiuses and Calanthe veratrifolia, will be in full
growth, and an occasional sponging over the leaves will
keep them free from spider and other pests which
soon disfigure the foliage of these species. An occa-
sional dose of liquid manure at the roots will also add
strength and vigour to the plants. Another terres-
trial species that will now be commencing to grow is
Peribieria elata, and, if it needs more root-room,
shou/d be potted before the young growths are much
advanced. It is a free growing and liberal rooting
plant that requires abundance of water while grow-
ing, and a long season of rest with scarcely any water
at the root during the latter period. It will grow
freely in a mixture of rough fibrous peat and loam in
about equal proportions, giving good drainage and a
liberal shift. It is a shy flowering plant when grown
in too close an atmosphere. The CaLtleya-house or an
airy stove will suit it well. The Ccelogynes and other
moisture loving species must receive an abundance
ol water at this season, and this must be continued
till the growths arc completed, y. Roberts^ Gunners^
bury Fark,
Phal/enopsis Sanderiana.— I have before me^
a generous present from Sir Nathaniel M. de Roths-
child, Bart., jM.P., forwarded me through Mr. F.
Sander. It is the last inflorescence of this grand
novelty that flowered at Tring Park, and bears six , .
grand flowers and a ripe bud. You might call it a ■
transfusion of Vanda teres in Phalcenopsis amabilis. r
The fine sepals and glorious broader petals are light
lilac, and at the same time all the nerves are of a much
darker lilac, which is exceedingly charming. Even the
lip is of the richest lilac underneath, adorned wiih rich
orange above ; and the tails ascend in beautiful flexures.
Let us hope the inflorescence has been perpetuated
by a skilful artist. I should have liked to see it
submitted to the keen pencil of our excellent veteran,
Mr. W. Fitch. As to the specimen it will be grate-
fully labelled and kept in my very stout packet of
Phalcenopsis. H. G, Rchb. f.
An Orchid with Elongating Pedicels.—
The last part issued of the Journal of the Linnean
Society contains a figure and description by Mr. W.
B. Hemsley of an Orchid, Didymoplexis pallens, that
possesses the singular faculty of elongating its pedicels,
or separate flower-stalks, to an extraordinary degree
after flowering. This Orchid is a slender, leafless,
whitish, somewhat fleshy plant, from 3 to 6 inches
high, terminating in a raceme of a few flowers, which
are less than half an inch across, and borne on pedi-
JULV 2S, 1S83,]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
Ill
eels shorter than Lhemselves, It is a native of India,
having been found in the Plain of Bengal and at Coorg,
on the Malalur Coast of the peninsula ; and also of
Java. In both of the Indian localities it was found
growing under clumps of Bamboos. It was originally
described by William Grifluh, about forty years ago ;
but he had plants in the flowering stage only. Since
Griffith described it, it has been more or less per-
fectly redescribed and referred to four dilTerent genera ;
yet, according to Mr. Ilemsley, the only person who
had previously observed and recorded the fact that
its pedicels elongate during the ripening of the fruit
was the late Mr. Sulpiz Kurz. It would seem that
this elongation takes place only after fertilisation has
been effected, and then the separate pedicels grow,
both in length and thickness, each one sometimes
attaining double the size the whole plant was during
the flowering stage. The ligure represents two of the
pedicels grown out in this remarkable manner. These
pedicels are erect, and it is suggested that their use is
to carry the seed-vessel above the continually accumu-
lating decayed leaves and other vegetable matter in
which the plant grows. There are many other plants
the flower-stalks of which elongate after flowering,
notably members of the Leguminosa? ; but in these
plants the object is quite the reverse — it is to enable
the plant to bury its seed-vessels in the ground,
where alone they come to maturity.
An Orchid more than a Hundred Feet
High. — Among remarkable Orchids none is more so
than Galeola altissima, Rchb. f., a native of Java,
and originally described by Blume under the name of
Erythrorchis altissima, though Dr. Reichenbach
subsequently recognised in it a member of Loureiro's
much older genus Galeola. It is remarkable not
alone for the great height which it reaches, but also
for its nature ; and it is most remarkable in its nature,
being one of those plants termed saprophytes, because
they are supposed to obtain the greater part of their
nourishment from decayed organic matter, instead of
assimilating inorganic substances. Like the species
of Vanilla, to which in other respects it is closely
allied, it is of climbing habit, and it is probably
equalled by some of them in the height which it
reaches. Blume describes it as having a cluster
of fleshy roots as thick as one's finger, from
which slender, pale red, leafless stems ascend
the trunks of trees to a height of 50 to 120 feet,
emitting rootlets opposite the scales which replace the
true leaves, and thus fastening themselves to their
support. Throughout their entire length these stems
(which are of a fleshy juiceless substance) are little
thicker than a goose-quill, and they terminate in
ample panicles of greenish-yellow and white unattrac-
tive flowers. Most plants of a saprophytal nature, or,
in other words, those destitute of leaves, and having
stems of some other colour than green, are content to
blossom in the dense shade of a forest ; but here is
an instance of one carrying its flowers to the tops of
tall trees. Even some of the species of the same
genus are wholly terrestrial, notably G. Lindleyana,
Rchb. f., originally described and figured as Cyrtosia
(Erythrorchis) Lindleyana by Hooker and Thomson
in Hooker's magnificent illustrations of Himalayan
plants. This is a robust erect herb, 2 to 3 feet high,
with stout deep red stems terminating in large panicles
of showy yellow flowers. Altogether it is a very
ornamental plant, and Sir Joseph Hooker sent a
quantity of its seed to the Calcutta and Kew Botanic
Gardens at the time when he collected it, but none of
it germinated, or, if it germinated, it did not grow.
It is noteworthy that this Orchid bears an enormous
quantity of apparently good seed in large capsules
about 6 inches long ; and the elegantly winged seeds
are comparatively large in an order where they are
mostly very small and often exceedingly minute. G.
Lindleyana grows in woods in the Eastern Himalaya,
at altitudes of 5000— 7000 feet, and is not uncommon
near the Darjceling Station. Probably the only way
to introduce it into cultivation would be by taking
the roots up with a quantity of the surrounding
earth, and transferring the whole with as little
disturbance as possible to a garden. There is also an
Australian climbing species, G. cassythoides, that is
not infrequent in the neighbourhood of Sydney, where
it is said to climb up the trunks of trees and over
rocks, forming stems at most about 12 feet in length.
This is figured by Fitzgerald, who represents the
flowers of a dirty pale brown, so that it can hardly
be the same referred to in the following note in Kew
herbarium respecting an Australian Orchid of certainly
the same genus, of which, however, only seeds accom-
pany the note :— "This magnificent Orchid was dis-
covered by my scjn on the banks of the Twad River,
and it has never been introduced into England. It
climbs trees to a height of 20 feet, sticking to them
like wax. The flowers, which are of immense size
and of a most beautiful violet, yellow and brown
colour, hang down in long graceful racemes ; and
their fragrance fills the air." To which is added a
further note :— " As described by Mr. Guilfoyle, nur-
seryman, Sydney, New South Wales." This may be
only an exaggerated description of G. cassythoides,
and the immense flowers the inflorescence, which is
certainly very large ; whilst the colours, yellow,
violet and brown, are probably all indicated in this
species. W. B, H.
when dry with clear tepid water at a temperature of
85°. Late varieties of Grapes must be kept at a
night temperature of 65° to 70°, with a rise of 10° by
day. Give the borders liberal supplies of tepid
manure-water until they commence to colour, when
clear water must be used. When they commence to
colour a little air had better be left on all night. Any
newly planted vineries with very strong growths, if
this dull weather continues, must have a little extra
fire-heat to induce the wood to ripen early, but do not
let them get dry at the roots. Give them plenty of
heat and air. The earliest pot- Vines for next year's
fruiting must now have all the sun and light possible,
to plump up the buds, and all the laterals pulled out,
and plenty of weak manure-water at the roots,
Josliiia Atkins,
|m \^\h |i;»it |»"'i»-
Continue to remove or stop all forerights and super-
fluous shoots on Apricots, Plums, and Pears, and keep
the leading shoots of all wall trees closely nailed or
tied in. Provide for the admission of light and air
between the branches to effect the ripening of the
wood. Remove any nails that come in contact with
the fruit or likely to do so by the time it arrives at
full size. To obtain well-coloured Peaches and Nec-
tarines the fruit must be thoroughly exposed now, the
foliage being carefully folded beneath the shoots or the
twigs used for laying in the inner branches. Protect
Morello Cherries with netting, also red and white
Currants and late Gooseberries.
Thin out the suckers of Raspberries, and remove
the old fruiting canes immediately the crop is finished.
Plant out the runners of Strawberries prepared for
beds from pots. In large gardens with plenty of space
at command let the plants be inserted 15 inches apart
in the row, and the rows (three to each bed) 2 feet
6 inches, with alleys 3 feet ; but in lesser establish-
ments, where quantity is required as well as quality,
plant I foot apart and 2 feet from row to row, with
2 feet 6 inch alley. This system of planting thickly
gives a yield almost equal to a thoroughly established
bed the first year ; and after the first lime of cropping
every alternate plant should be immediately removed.
Cut oflt the runners on all plantations as they are
formed, if not required for layering. All fruit for
preserving should be thoroughly dry when gathered.
D. C. Pou>ell, Po-Mki-ham Casth; Devon.
iBrapes anb Uineries.
The earliest houses, now that the fruit is cut, must
have an abundance of air night and day, and plenty
of clear water at the roots when the border is dry.
Let the laterals grow out without stopping within
reasonable limits. Houses in which ripe fruit is
hanging must be kept as cool as possible by giving
plenty of air on the front and back ventilators night
and day, only closing them to keep out wet. Water
the border when dry with clear water, giving sufficient
to keep the borders plump and in good condition.
Houses in which the fruit is colouring must not be
kept at a lower temperature than 65° at night, with a
rise of 10° by day, and during dull sunless weather
not so much air will be required. On dull days do
not damp the house down at all, and if the border is
dry do not water it until a bright sunny day, when
extra heat and air can be used to dry up the surface
moisture. Late houses of Hamburghs in which the
fruits are swelling must have liberal supplies of tepid
manure-water at the roots, and be kept at a night
temperature of 65°, with arise of 10° by day. Give
air early in the day, and close early in the afternoon ;
damp the paths and border several times weekly with
weak manure-water while they are swelling, as the
ammonia given off will benefit both fruit and foliage.
Pull out any laterals that are not required, to prevent
overcrowding, so that the foliage is fully exposed to
the influence of sun and light. Muscats that are ripe
can be kept as advised in my last Calendar ; those
that are ripening must be kept at a night temperature
of 70°, with a rise of 10° by day ; but if the weather
is very dull and cold a few degrees lower will be
better than excessive fire-heat. Keep the evaporating
pans dry, and do not damp the paths or borders on
cold sunless days ; and give a little air from the front
and back ventilators night and day ; water the border
IThe lOrcharb House.
The trees in the earliest house will by this time
have had the fruit gathered from them. If, as is not
unlikely to be the case, red-spider has attacked the
leaves, daily syringings will cleanse them. If the
wood is quite ripe plenty of air ought to be admitted
night and day, the trees to be well exposed to the
sun. It is ditiicult when a house of any form is well
filled with trees to place all of them near the glass ;
the best plan is to give the shy-setting varieties, such
as Barrington, Exquisite, Walburton Admirable, &c.,
the best places. Some varieties, like Early York,
Royal George, &c., set well even under unfavourable
circumstances. At this season the wood will ripen
well out-of-doors. It has a deeper colour, and is
generally well furnished with fruit-buds. Any very
gross shoots may still be stopped, although it is a
mistake to stop any medium or weak growths after
this date, as they do not start to grow again, and as
almost every bud on such growths is a blossom-bud,
there are no wood-buds to carry the sap onward, so
that the fruit drops off prematurely, and the growth
dies back to the base. Any of the stronger shoots
that grow too long after this may be cut back in the
winter, or any time after the leaves drop. In pruning
back the wood of Peach and Nectarine trees cut to a
triple bud ; the middle bud is a leaf-bud when three
of them are together.
The fruit will now be ripening in the late house,
and syringing must be discontinued. This alfords an
excellent opportunity for the red-spider, which spreads
over the trees like a blight, and speedily discolours
the leaves. The only chance for the cultivator is to
see that the trees are quite clean before the fruit
arrives at the ripening stage. At this time the trees
must be kept rather dry at the roots, or the fruit will
not be of good flavour. The fruit should be gathered
daily. A flat-bottomed basket should be taken into
the house with a layer of cotton-wool in the bottom.
Gather the fruit very carefully, and lay it on the
cotton-wool, rtmoving the basket very carefully to
the fruit-room, or some cool place. Give plenty of
air while the fruit is ripening, but if the weather is
cold and dull, and artificial heat can be applied, it is
best to do so ; it helps to add flavour to the fruii, and
also aids the ripening of the young wood. J. Don^las.
iUhe iHrangery.
In this department the work required to be done
now is of the very simplest description. All that is
necessary is to keep the trees growing freely, and in a
clean healthy state. The fruit will be green, and
swelling freely, in a moist atmosphere and night tem-
perature of 65°. We dressed our trees this year with
the same compost as we used for the Peaches and
Nectarines, and it seemed to give them renewed
vigour. The Orange tree likes rich composts and
good loam of a tough fibrous character. This com-
post is better than light fibrous peat, or leaf-mould, ot
even these two mi,\ed with loam. J. Douglas.
Sagittaria sagittifolia. — As seen in the
wild state this is a handsome aquatic, not only from
the large white flowers, but (amongst British plants)
the unique and bold arrow-shaped leaves. The numer-
ous deep purple or almost black stamens have the
effect at a little distance of making the flowers appear
two-coloured. Were it not for the evanescent nature
of the flowers when cut, they would form an exceed-
ingly chaste and welcome addition to the cut flower
basket. Several fine spreading patches occur in the
River Brent, Middlesex, and there is a figure of the
species in English Botany, S4. Perhaps the double
form is most frequently seen under cultivation, the
flowers of which are puie white and more er.duralle.
112
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 28, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Carnation and Picotee Show, at Royal Nur-
sery, Slough.
Sale oi Imported and Established Orchids,
at ProtheroE & Morris' Rooms.
Buckingham Horticultural and Floral
Society's Show.
Sale of Exhibition Plants, at Enville Hall,
by Protheroe & Morris
{Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
i Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
1 Morris' Rooms.
\ Great Summer Show at Westwood Park,
J Southampton (and on 6th}.
^ Great Summer Show in Sefton Park, Liver-
\ pool (and on 6th).
July 31
Wednesday, Aug. i
Thursday, Aug. 2
Friday,
Saturday, Aug. 4
IN a short time Gardeners, like other people
■who have the chance, will be ON their
TRAVELS. They will refresh themselves by relax-
ation from labour at home by observation of
what is done elsewhere, and by friendly com-
munion with their fellow-craftsmen. The
value of all this is so generally recognised that
it is quite superfluous to insist upon it. It may,
however, be allowable to suggest that, in many
cases, the most is not made of the annual holi-
day— we mean that not sufficient change is
introduced into it. A gardener leaves his own
vineries and flower-beds, and straightway visits
other vineries and flower-beds. This is right
enough so far as it goes. The observation of
the same plants, or even of the same methods
of culture, as practised at home, under slightly
different circumstances and conditions, is calcu-
lated to afford, and does afford, valuable hints
to the intelligent gardener. It enables him to
divine the causes of his own success, and
teaches him the source of his own failure. The
friendly interest and sympathy engendered by
such visits needs no pointing out. It is perhaps
the most valuable result of the whole ; but it
must be felt, not read about.
Great as are the advantages of such visits as
we have alluded to, it may be suggested that
they should be varied by tours of inspection of
a somewhat different character. A gardener
coming to London, for instance, would natur-
ally pay a visit to a flower show if there hap-
pened to be one at the time ; and if we may
judge from the remarks made to us, and the
specimens sent to us by those gardeners who
have few or very infrequent opportunities of
seeing how things are done by the leading
exhibitors, they would be somewhat surprised
at the advance and progress that is being made.
Such men would be better judges of progress
than those of us whose lot it is to see most of
the exhibitions as they occur. The London
parks would afford abundant illustrations both
of what to adopt and what to avoid,
while the great nurseries and Chiswick
must always prove a source of attraction
to the cultivator. In all these places, however,
the gardener will be more or less at home. He
will see in practice— on a larger and better scale
it may be, and with many modifications — the
same sort of thing he is familiar with at home,
or in the gardens managed by his friends and
neighbours.
Let him wend his way to Kew, and he
will get on different ground. It is very
surprising to us that gardeners do not more
frequently visit this, in its way, unrivalled insti-
tution, and more thoroughly avail themselves of
its almost boundless resources. There is no
sort of difficulty in the way. The gardens are
open daily from noon till dusk, and even on
Sundays they are open free to all from i p.m.
Those gardeners who have special business,
apart from mere lounging, or whose time is
limited, may obtain tickets of admission at any
hour on application at the Curator's office.
One great thing for gardeners to remember
is the special objects for which Kew
exists. If they want to see bedding-out,
or fruit forcing, or Odontoglossums with
five spots instead of four on the lip, or
Cattleyas with flowers 6| inches across in-
stead of 6J, and so forth, they need not go to
Kew — they will see better elsewhere. But if
they wish to see the most extensive collections
of plants ever got together — if they want to
increase their knowledge of plants, and of the
uses they may be put to — then they should visit
Kew. If they want to form an idea of what
plants are most suitable for particular purposes
or particular places, then they will find Kew
will supply them with an inexhaustible mine of
information. Supposing the gardener is limited
as to time, and cannot see the whole, as very
few can do at one time — and supposing him to
have no other special object to fulfil — we might
suggest that he devote but little time to what
is most popular perhaps — the show houses and
the bedding-out arrangements — matters in
which the ordinary gardener, it may be pre-
sumed, needs relatively little information. On
the other hand, there are whole departments
which are comparatively little seen of gardeners,
but which positively teem with subjects of
interest and instruction for them.
We need hardly do more in passing than men-
tion the new rockery. In view of the growing
taste for plants as distinguished from the formal
counterfeit of the bedding-out system, a frequent
inspection of the rockery and its contents be-
comes specially important. The herbaceous
ground, too — a department not very popular
with the general public — arranged as it is
in the formal gridiron style, supposed, but
erroneously, to be essential to a botanic
garden — should be a special object of in-
terest for the gardener. But above all we
would commend to him a careful and thorough
inspection of the collections of trees and shrubs,
deciduous and evergreen, in the pleasure
grounds ; and we do so because, of all depart-
ments of gardening, this is the one in which, at
the present day, least seems to be known by the
average gardener, and the average employer
too. It would seem incredible, did we not have
daily proof of it, how very little knowledge there
is among practical men of the copious resources
at their disposition. In this way people go on
planting the commonest things, good enough
in their way, but affording no variety. They
arrange shrubbery after shrubbery in such a
way as to be almost uninteresting and monoton-
ous as a bed of "Geraniums." We believe the
main reason for this is that people do not know
the wealth they really possess. Journalists may
describe and figure specimens, as we have been
doing for nearly half a century — they bring the
matter under the notice of the public in the
only way open to them — but all they can do in
the way of indication and persuasion is futile
compared with the actual inspection of the
plants which we now advocate.
Much pains have of late years been devoted
to getting together a large and illustrative
collection of ornamental trees and flower-
ing shrubs in the Arboretum at Kew. There
are less difficulties in the way of securing
a permanent and accurate system of labelling
than in some other parts of the garden,
so that the nomenclature is to be relied on with
the more confidence. Of course in many cases
the specimens are still young, and the trees
have not attained their character ; others again
are clearly not at home in their position ; but
taking it all in all, we know of no more instruc-
tive place for the average gardener and forester
(and the forester is as little au fait with the
variety of trees at his disposal as the gardener)
than the Arboretum at Kew. We are surprised
that it should be so comparatively little visited
by the class to whom it is calculated to be most
specially useful, and hope that our suggestion
as to one way of varying a hohday may prove
acceptable and profitable.
The Weather.— The common remarks of
the ordinary conversationalist of late has been,
" How cold it is." There is no great amount of
originality found in such an observation, beyond the
evident fact that it seems sadly out of place in the
middle of July. But then the remark has been too
truthfully apparent to be pleasant ; there are some
persons who are so preternaturally cool that they
never feel the heat, and if a suffering perspiring
Briton should suggest the trite, though commonplace
observation, that it is hot, these exasperatingly cool
people will assert that they thought it was rather cold
than otherwise. Even the most hot-blooded being,
however, could hardly have felt that the heat of the
past week or two was oppressive, and the coolest of
the cool might now and then have incontinently
shivered. Such a change from brilliant summer
weather to cloudy skies, rough winds, and cold driving
storms, whilst certain to affect imjuriously even well-
hardened human beings, must inevitably operate most
harmfully upon vegetation — the standing corn crops
that need heat and sunshine to mature them not least;
but specially upon all those tender or exotic plants,
now so plentifully grown in our gardens, and upon
the health of which we depend so materially for edible
products and beautiful flowers. One by no means
sentimental gardener, when invited to sympathise with
others who feared bad results from the cold storms,
said that they were capital for the winter stuff ; but
even winter stuff, useful as it may be, might be con-
tent to fight its way into growth and strength without
needing the help of weather that is so full of harm to
its garden allies. What is good for that, may be the
reverse for many of its tenderer but not less important
garden neighbours. Potatos perhaps suffer more from
the cold winds than other vegetables, the leafage is
tender, and, whipped and bruised, soon decays. But
worse still, the low temperature checks growth and
tubering, whilst also it can hardly fail to promote the
spread of the disease, A warm summer would have
given us a splendid Potato crop, but a few weeks of
October weather falling into the midst of the growing
season may convert promised abundance into certain
scarcity.
Dr. Albert von Regel, the son of Dr.
Regel, of St. Petersburg, as we learn from the
Garteiifiora, was in Bokhara at the end of January,
and intended trying to push on to Badachschan. By
February 12 he had reached Darwas, where he had
collected four species of Gagea, Colchicum croci-
florum, Crocus Korolkowi, a species of Corydalis, a
genus intermediate between Ornithogalum and Rhino-
petalum, and Colchicum luteum. He hoped to reach
the more eastern part of Bokhara, where in the
higher regions a good many new plants might be ex-
pected. The natives of Bokhara have made great
advances in civilisation, and Regel was enjoying the
luxuries of a table and chair and tallow candles, and
even snuffers ! He states that they are beginning to
build broad streets and plant them with trees. At
Barpandscha, Afghanese in English military coats
were seen.
CovENT Garden Market.— At a meet-
ing of the Metropolitan Board of Works on the
13th inst. the Works and General Purposes Com-
mittee reported, with reference to a letter recently
received from the Duke of Bedford, inquiring
whether it is the wish of the Board to acquire Covent
Garden Market as part of any general scheme for
market extension. The committee recommended that
his Grace be informed in reply that the Board, after
carefully considering the matter, have arrived at the
conclusion that it is not desirable for them to take
any steps with a view to the acquisition of the market.
The motion was agreed to.
Influence of Radiating Heat on the
Growing Parts of Plants. — In the Botanische
Zezttii!g]VLius Wortmann is publishing the results
of a number of experiments to test the influence of
radiating heat on the growing parts of plants. When
the article is completed we propose summarising it.
The Father of French Gardeners.—
The French gardening journals announce the death
of Mr. Charpentier, head gardener at the Trianon
Palace, Versailles, at the advanced age of eighty-
seven years. He is described as the oldest of French
gardeners, and as a hale, energetic man, who died in
harness.
Remarkable Fall of Pine Pollen. —
C. £. Bessey reports the following circumstance in
the American Naturalist: — In April of the present
year, when he was gathering some water-plants from
a prairie pond in Central Iowa, he noticed an abund-
July 28, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
113
ance of what turned out to be Pine pollen on the sur-
face of the water. There are no native Pines in this
part of the Stale, the only Pines being those planted
for ornamental purposes. None of these, however,
were in bloom, neither were the Pine forests of Min-
nesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and northward. For
some days prior to the finding of the pollen strong
south-easterly, south-westerly, and westerly winds
had prevailed. Mr. Bessey is of opinion that they
carried the pollen, though how far it was carried he
could not make out. However, he says it is certain
that the distance could not have been less than three
or four hundred miles.
Abnormal Development of an Apple.
— In the Revue Horticole for July I there is a figure
and description o( a very unusual occurrence in a
"maiden" Apple tree of the variety called Calville
this season abundantly. It may interest some of our
readers who may fortunately possess town gardens to
know the names of the kinds growing there ; these
were Blenheim Orange, Dutch Mignonne, Beauty of
Kent, Dredge's Fame, Bess Pool, Counsellor, and
that leather-skinned long-keeper, Norfolk Beaufin.
Others are grown, but these are the bearers this sea-
son. An attempt was made to grow the Ribston
Pippin, but it has not been very successful, probably
owing to the gravelly nature of the "subsoil. But
those who would like to try to grow this favourite
kind would no doubt succeed by making a hole as
large as the tree is likely to extend its roots, filling up
with heavy soil, which should be heaped up to about
I foot above the prevailing ground level. Of Pears
seen at this pretty place we noticed, growing as
espaliers. Citron des Carmes, Easter Buerre, Gansel's
Bergamot, Napoleon, and Beurre Clairgeau. These
C. Jackmanni — a variety that for hardiness, vigorouB
growth, and freedom of flowering, is unsurpassed,
and for which a white counterpart has long been
anxiously looked for. We had heard whispers that such
a plant was in existence, but it was not until Tuesday
that it made its appearance in public, and Mr. Charles
NORLE, its lucky possessor, must be congratulated
on his acquirement of such a prize. Mr. Noble
showed a good plant, and — dare we say it ? — it was
Certificated unanimously. So far as one could j udge, it
could not be distinguished from C. Jackmanni except
in its blossoms. It flowers on the shoots of the
current season's growth ; its blossoms are mostly pro-
duced in pairs, one shoot bearing ten pairs and a
terminal flower, and, as in Jackmanni, as soon as the
first flower dies off a cluster of buds spring up in its
place. The petals nnmber four to six, and are faintly
pink-tinted at first, becoming pure white with age.
S. DODWELL. {See p. 117.
Blanc. The plant in question was one of a number
budded in iSSi, and the bud did not push until the
following spring. It then grew vigorously, and in
the axil of the third leaf of the shoot that proceeded
from the original bud appeared a fruit. This fruit
was perfect, and measured, when ripe, a foot in
circumference ; and the shoot, we are informed,
attained a length of about 5 feet 6 inches. Probably
this is not a solitary instance of such a production ;
yet it is an interesting fact, and worthy of record.
Fruit Trei!! in the Suburbs. — We are
so apt, in speaking of the trees which grow fairly well
in our midst, as well as in the parks on our outskirts,
to suppose that scarcely any others are found to be
growing and doing well within the same districts ;
and yet in the neighbourhood of Kensington fruits of
various sorts succeed admirably, bearing good crops,
and affording thereby much satisfaction to their pos-
sessors. At Moray Lodge, Camden Hill, we noticed
some very nice healthy Apple and Pear trees bearing
were carrying very fair crops of perfect fruit, and the
trees were making capital growth, thanks to the un-
usual warmth of the season. Although loaded with
dust, and sooty to the touch. Currants, Raspberries,
and Gooseberries were also carrying good quantities
of fruit.
MiMULUS CUPREUS. — This bright little
herbaceous plant is well adapted for a small bed, as
well as for the rock garden, the colour, a bright
orange-scarlet, rendering it a very telling plant for the
former use. It does not exceed 6 inches in height,
and the leaf-growth not more than 3 inches. It is
propagated by division or seeds, which should be
sown in the spring in very fine soil.
Clematis Jackmanni alba. — To quote a
familiar phrase in the literary productions of inventors,
promoters, and others, *' a long-felt want " has been
met at last. Far and away above all other Clematises
for outdoor cultivation, stands the universal favourite
Clematis Jackmanni alba is the hardy climbing plant
of the season, and anxious inquiries will soon be made
as to when it will be sent out. Let us hope we shall
not have long to wait.
London Roses.— This season has allowed
the enthusiastic grower of Roses— and he must needs
be an enthusiast who attempts the growth of this
favourite flower in London— to reap the well-earned
reward of his endeavours, the extra warmth, the
comparatively cloudless skies, and the absence of
much smoke, having combined to make this for him
a season of Roses. His only regret will have been
that the blooming season endured for such a span of
time, owing to the same causes by which he attained
his success. Hybrid perpetuals, Noisettes, and Bour-
bons, have competed in giving beauty to the Rose
parterre. We saw at Moray Lodge arcades of Roses,
notably Aimee Vibert, sheets of snowy whiteness, and
many new and old kinds in beautiful condition. The
Teas are perhaps the only kinds that give so little
114
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICL.
[July 28, 18S3.
satisfaction ; but whether the winter cold following
on imperfect wood ripening, the soil, or the "bbcks"
were too much for them the gardener, Mr. McElroy,
dared not opine. To produce these good results
amongst the Roses generally the gardener employs
heavy loam and cow-manure every year, either as a
top-dressing or for freshly planting them. We saw
also the Rose grown as a pot plant with a fair mea-
sure of success at this place, and also as a wall plant.
Vegetation of Brazil. — Another fasci-
culus, the eighty-ninth, of the Flora Brasiliensis has
lately appeared. It contains the first part of the
Melastomaceae, elaborated by Professor A. COG-
NIAUX. This fasciculus consists of 204 pages and
forty-eight plates, and is restricted to the tribe Micro-
licie^. Considering the numerous beautiful members
of this family, it is surprising that so few are met with
under cultivation. The tribe Microliciere is com-
posed mainly of quite small-leaved plants, many of
them having the aspect of the Epacridese.
Genista Florida. — This handsome yellow-
flowered Broom is well worthy of a place wherever
choice shrubs are grown. It is a good plant either
for the bolder parts of the rockery, where it is quite
at home, or on the lawn, for which latter position its
neat growth and bright golden blossoms make it very
suitable. This variety flowers later than Brooms
generally, and rather later than G. alata, the bloom-
ing season being from the end of June till the end of
July.
Remedy for American Blight. — M.
Bach, head gardener to Baron G. Rothschild at
Chantilly, writes to the Revue Horiicole respecting
a method of destroying American blight on Apple
trees. This method M.. Bach recommends as being
highly efficacious, and it is certainly simple enough.
Two parts of water are added to one part of tobacco
juice— just as obtained from the tobacco manufac-
turers—and a small quantity of alcohol is added. The
reason for the addition of the latter (methylated spirit
would no doubt do almost as well as pure alcohol,
which is an expensive item) is that it dissolves the
fatty matter with which the insects surround them-
selves, and this leaves them an easy prey to the action
of the tobacco juice solution. Just before the buds
burst last spring M. Bach syringed his affected Apple
trees with the wash above-mentioned, taking care to
wet thoroughly the places most severely attacked by
the insect. The bark, which had assumed a whitish
hue, soon changed to its normal colour under the
influence of the insecticide. Although the first opera-
tion appeared sufficient, a second syringing was given,
as an extra precaution, a fortnight afterwards. At the
present time the Apple trees so treated are in perfect
health, and perfectly free from American blight. Of
course small trees and orchards of limited extent
could be perhaps more economically treated by apply-
ing the insecticide with a brush.
Propagation of the Walnut. — The
usual method of propngating the Walnut is from seed,
and it is stated that the varieties usually come true
this way ; on the other hand, it is recorded that a
sowing of seed of the variety Serotina yielded only
3 per cent, of the genuine variety characterised by its
late flowering. Seed is the usual means of propaga-
tion, because the Walnut does not graft so readily as
many other trees. The Revue Horticole publishes
the particulars of a method successfully practised by
a Mr. Treyve, and strongly recommended to those
concerned in raising Walnut trees. The method is
simple, and not new, except, perhaps, in its applica-
tion to the Walnut. One-year-old seedlings are
grafted in the ordinary way, close down to the root,
and then potted and placed in a close frame in a pro-
pagating house, where the union is speedily effected.
Prunus Jacquemonti. — Under the name of
Shalizan Almond, seeds of this pretty shrub were pre-
sented to the Royal Gardens, Kew, by Surgeon-
Major Aitchison, who collected the plant in
Afghanistan, and from these seeds a number of plants
have been raised. As this is probably the first
appearance of this interesting shrub as a subject
cultivated in European gardens, a few words about it
maynot be out of place. Until Dr. Aitchison brought
flowering specimens with him nothing but fruiting
branches existed in herbaria ; the ample material at
his command, however, allowed a completed descrip-
tion to be drawn up, and this was published in his
" Notes on the Flora of Afghanistan," which'appeared
in the 'Journal of the Limii^an Soc iety. The Kew
plants are compact bushes, with slender branched
twigs clothed with small serrated leaves. In the work
above mentioned P. Jacquemonti is stated to be an
*' extremely common shrub from Shdlizan to Alikhel.
When the fruit is ripe, and the bush is covered with
it, which is usually the case, it forms a very pretty
object in the landscape. It would be worth cultivating
for ornamental purposes." The rose coloured flowers
appear at the same time as the leaves.
A New Rose Stock.— In the Joitrnal des
Roses for last month its Editor calls attention to the
value of Rosa polyantha as a stock. Pieces of the
roots are used, just as is the case with several other
Rose stocks. When grafted the plant should be
placed in a tolerably warm house, where they soon
begin to make a most vigorous growth. On April 15
last M. Bernardin describes a graft a year old which
he saw at Lyons ; it belonged to the variety Etoile
de Lyon, and bore twenty flower-stalks. Rosa poly-
antha (multiflora of Thunberg) is anative of Japan, and
has been in cultivation in this country for some time.
■ The Ismenes. — The Peruvian Daffodil, Is-
mene Amancae, and the Sea Daffodil, I. calathina,
are now in flower in the cool compartment of the "T*
range at Kew. Both are delightfully fragrant, hand-
some Amaryllids, worthy of general cultivation. The
first-named species was introduced from Lima to the
Botanical Gardens at Glasgow about 1S39. In the
Botanical Magazine I. Macleani, named in compli-
ment to its introducer, is stated to be one of the
plants so much celebrated by the Peruvians under the
name of Amancses. It adds: — **And so great a
favourite is this flower with the people, that the plain
at the foot of the mountains where it grows, near
Lima, bears the same name ; and one of the greatest
festivals at Lima, called the ' Festival of the Aman-
caes,' is thus described by a late intelligent visitor,"
Here follows a long description of the feast, extracted
from Stewart's Visit to the South Seas. The Ismenes
require complete rest and drought during the winter
months,
Darlingtonia californica. — The way in
which this plant grows in a cold frame all the year
round in Messrs. Backhouse's nursery at York,
might well be taken as a lesson by those who attempt
to cultivate it in heat. Planted out in sandy peat,
where the copious waterings it receives can pass freely
away, it luxuriates in a manner that is a pleasure to
look upon. Although the plant dislikes fire-heat,
naturally from the country whence it hails, it will bear a
high temperature. The lights are kept close down
without air whilst the sun is in full force on the
plants, but are frequently taken completely off during
showers, or on warm, dewy nights. Under such con-
ditions, as a matter of course, the growth is not made
quite so early as when artificial warmth is used, but
the pitchers attain a large size, and are of the most
beautiful colour.
The New Hardy Water Lily, Nymph^a
alba var. rubra, is in beautiful condition in Messrs
Backhouse's nursery, growing in a small tank, pro-
ducing its exquisitely beautiful flowers freely. All the
coloured illustrations of this plant which have appeared
fail to give an idea of its beauty, and the rich golden-
yellow of its large tuft of stamens contrasts admirably
with the bright pink of the petals. There is not a
garden in the kingdom that would not have an addi-
tional charm by the introduction of a receptacle in the
shape of a miniature pond or tank wherein to grow
this gem, as well as the white kind, along with other
water plants that will withstand the climate, in-
cluding the fragrant Aponogeton distachyon, Calla
oethiopica, and other equally charming flowers.
Roadside Gardens. — In a pleasant book
recently published, in which an American gentleman
tells the story of a run through England and Scotland,
the writer speaks of the delight experienced by the
party of which he was the conductor with the
English country custom of cultivating flowers in the
cottage gardens, and which added so much to the
beauty of the country and the enjoyment experienced
by the party on their varied yet delightful excursion.
The custom, it seems, is not found in some other
countries — in Ireland, for instance ; and knowing
what we do of the contented prosperous condition of
those English cottagers who delight in the cultiva-
tion of flowers, we could hardly commend to Irish
patriots who really have the love of their country and
its poor people at heart a more pleasing and civilising
influence than is found in the common cultivation of
flowers wherewith to beautify their gardens. The
man who, like thousands of our own cottagers, can
happily spend evenings in his little flower garden,
win have none of those brutal and murderous in-
clinations which have made so many of the Irish
peasantry a terror rather than a blessing. We owe
this rural taste for flowers amongst the English
working classes chiefly to two causes ; first and
oldest is the good influence exercised by the gardener
of the wealthy resident in a rural district, who
incites by his example, and, perchance, good nature,
amongst his poorer neighbours by giving them of his
spare garden stock, and now and then permitting
visits to his well-kept gardens ; and second, the
stimulant to effort offered by local flower shows,
which throughout rural England are giving encou-
rageihent to labourers and the cottagers of every
grade to find in the cultivation of flowers both pleasure
and profit. We also find in the clergy many powerful
aids to the promotion of a love for flowers among those
with whom but little of such love has previously existed.
Seldom do we see the rural clergyman in a more
excellent position than when he, himself an ardent
lover of flowers, and filled with an intelligent know-
ledge of them, is occupied in making that know-
ledge and that love widely felt amongst his poorer
neighbours.
Hedychiums Planted-out. — Hedychium
veniistum and H. coronarium, although not unfre-
quently seen under cultivation as greenhouse plants,
for which their handsome foliage and deliciously
scented flowers render them most desirable subjects,
are seldom seen planted out-of-doors. Those who
possess the plants, and have made use of them in their
gardens, either planted-out in a clump on the lawn,
with for instance a bordering of Caladium violaceum or
C. esculentum, or planted in the border with the herba-
ceous plants, will most probably, this season, be well re-
warded by abundant growth of foliage and fine blooms.
In preparing the ground for planting, care must be
taken to mix a good quantity of well decomposed
manure ; and a moderate portion of retentive loam
may be incorporated with the staple soil, if that should
be of too light a nature. In a dry season watering
will occasionally be found necessary. The plants must
be carefully lifted before the frosts set in, and be
potted-up to stand under conditions of dryness in the
greenhouse during the winter months. In the early
spring they must be encouraged to start, by placing
them in a stove or vinery at work. It may be stated
that the perfume of the blossoms is very apt to cause
headache, if the plants are kept in close dwelling rooms
Mr. James George has, we hear, resigned
his situation as gardener to Miss Nicholson, Putney
Heath, with a view to establishing himself in business
at 10, Victoria Road, Putney, as a dealer in tobacco-
paper and other articles usually included in the term
"horticultural sundries." Mr. George was gar-
dener to Miss Nicholson for about thirty years, i5
at Stamford Hill, and 14 years at Putney Heath,
and during that time, in a quiet, unobtrusive way, has
rendered good service to horticulture as a hybridist
and raiser of new varieties of several popular garden
plants. Mr. George's father was, we believe, a nur-
seryman and florist, and he himself may be said to
have been born among flowers ; hence it is hardly
surprising that from boyhood upwards he has been
fond of hybridising and raising seedlings. One of
his earliest Pelargoniums was a scarlet, named
Georgiana, noted in our number for November 13,
1847, as being " deep and rich-coloured," and " the
trusses composed of about forty flowers ; " but it was
about the year 1S67 that he took up the zonal Pelar-
gonium with any degree of enthusiasm ;^and having
since that time obtained sixteen First-class Certifi-
cates and put nearly 100 varieties in commerce
through the agency of Mr. Turner, Messrs. Wil-
liam Paul & Son, Messrs. J. & C. Lee, the late
Mr. Geo. Smith, Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Messrs.
James Carter & Co., and Mr. Potten, he cannot
be said to have been unsuccessful. The Ivy-leaved
Pelargonium was taken in hand in 1870, and by
crossing the old Ivy-leaved variety with pollen taken
from zonals, Mr. George obtained some first-rate
novelties, though he found it very difficult to get
many plants to take the cross. Three of his seedlings
obtained First-class Certificates, and nine have been
put into commerce. His latest improvements with
Jl-LY 28, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
115
this class are Dr. Masters and Future Fame, and
which, independent of their fine quality as florists*
flowers, are of considerable scientific interest, being,
we believe, the first seedlings raised from hybrid Ivy-
leaved varieties. Few of our readers, we suspect,
are aware that it is to Mr. George that we are indebted
for the dwarf strain of Tropreolums that have become
so universally popular in our gardens ; but such is the
fact nevertheless. It was about 1S61 that Mr. George
first obtained the ** break," and the two first varieties
sent out were Trop^olum compactum coccineum and
T. cumpactum luteum, these being distributed from
the Wellington Road Nursery of Messrs. E. G. Hen-
derson & Son. After these came the varieties King of
Scarlets, The Moor, Luteum Improved, Orange Gem,
and others, the names of which we do not remember.
In 1S75 Mr. George took the Abutilon in hand,
and raised thirly-one varieties which have been
sent out, and five out of which obtained First-class
Certificates. His latest crosses have been between
A. Sellowianum marmoratum and some of the varie-
ties belonging to his own dwarf free-flowering section ;
and, so far as we know, Mr. George is the only
hybridist who has obtained a cross between Abutilon
and Hibiscus. In early life Mr. George was an
enthusiastic Chrysanthemum grower, a member of the
old Stoke Newington Chrysanthemum Society, and
the winner of two of its silver cups for specimen
plants. He also assisted in the establishment of the
United Horticultural Benefit and Provident Society,
of which he is now a trustee. Few men leave the
gardening profession to go into business with such a
"record " as Mr. George's, and his friends, we are
sure, will heartily wish him the success that years of
patient industry well deserve.
The Tertiary Flora of Australia. —
Baron Ettingshausen has lately published a very
interesting contribution to our knowledge of the ter-
tiary flora of New South Wales and Tasmania. The
fossil flora of Australia is of more than ordinary inte-
rest in comparison with the vegetation of the present
epoch. Those interested in such matters will remem-
ber Unger's somewhat sensational New Holland in
Eioope^ wherein he professes to show that the vege-
tation of the eocene period in South-eastern Europe
was essentially composed of the same elements as the
Australian vegetation of the present time. In the
present work Baron Ettingshausen enumerates
about 100 species of plants, a large proportion of
which are referred to recent genera. Among those
genera not represented in the recent flora we note
Myrica, Betula, AInus, Quercus (five species), Casla-
njpsis, Salix, and Magnolia. Of genera represented
in the present flora, but not characteristic of it,
Taberncemontana and Elaiocarpus are noteworthy.
Prominent among genera characteristic of the present
flora arc Eucalyptus (three species), Coprosma,
Banksia, Ceratopetalon, and Pittosporum.
—^ Stob/EA purpurea. — A good patch of this
showy Composite is a fitting ornament for any her-
baceous border. The somewhat spiny leaves give it a
Thistle-like appearance, but the large flower-heads
with spreadmg flat rays, attaining a breadth of 3 or
4 inches, quite alter the character and general aspect
of the whole plant. There are upwards of fifty species
recorded from the Cape, although few of them have at
any time been introduced to this country. The
present one is probably the showiest, rejoicing in its
pale purple rays and a deeper coloured disc, while a
number of the species have yellow rays, and others
no rays at all. It is stated to abound in the valleys
of the Winterburg, growing by the thousand in masses,
as if in artificially planted beds. A large profusely-
flowered clump in the herbaceous ground at Kew
testifies to its hardiness in our climate, and the free-
dom with which it extends itself by its underground
rhizomes.
LiLiUM PEREGRiNUM. — When Mr. Baker
published his Classified List of all Knenvn Lilies in the
Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, he placed
ihe subject of the present note as a subspecies under
L. candidum, the common White Lily. Mr. Baker
adis : — *' Never seen in a wild slate, and now ap-
parently lost from cultivation, in this country at any
rate." L. peregrinum differs considerably from can-
didum in its purplihh stem, much narrower perianth
segments, &c. On the whole it is not so handsome a
plant as the White Lily, but would be sure of a wel-
come from all Lily growers. We recently saw L.
peregrinum in good health flowering freely in Mr.
Stevens' wonderful garden at Grasmere, Byfleet.
Mr. Elwes in his Monograph gives the following in-
formation respecting the plant now under notice : —
The variety called peregrinum by LlNN.liUS, which
is now seldom seen, was much grown on the Conti-
nent two centuries ago, under the name of Sultan
Zambach, and is said to have come from Constantin-
ople. Leonard Rauwolf, a German botanist and
traveller of the sixteenth century, met with it in Syria.
It is considered by M. de Cannart d'Hamale a
distinct species, and is said by Professor D. Don to
have the style triangular near the apex ; but after ex-
amining living plants, I think Mr. Baker is quite
right in placing it under the head of candidum. There
is also a double form in cultivation, which possesses
none of the beauty of the single one, and is, like the
striped form, a curiosity of no merit,
Michauxia cami'ANULOIDES is certainly
one of the most stately and beautiful members of a
family (Campanulacece) which contributes a large
number of highly ornamental plants to our gardens.
Its large white pink-tinted flowers have a certain
superficial resemblance to some of the Passion-flowers,
and their position and recurved petals certainly bring
the Martagon Lily to mind. The species was intro-
duced to this country from the Levant in 17S7, and
was shortly afterwards figured in the Botanical
Magazine^ tab. 219. At first it was treated as a
greenhouse plant ; probably the reason it is so seldom
seen in gardens now is that our wet winters prove too
much for it. The plant figured in the work just
mentioned is described as having been — although in
a small pot — nearly 6 feet high, branched almost to
base, and loaded with a profusion of blossoms. All
the species of the genus Michauxia are stated in books
to be biennials, but a fine specimen now in flower in
the charmingly situated vicarage garden at Pirford is
—as we were informed by the Vicar, the Rev. Mr.
Ridsdale — four years old. It must not be inferred,
however, that the Michauxia is a perennial ; what it is
meant to assert is that sometimes the life of the plant
extends to more than a couple of years ; it never
lives after flowering. Few plants are better worth
attention for the decoration of the cool conservatory,
and as pot plants they do not require particular skill
or attention to secure success,
Skneciu macrophyllus. — Of all the mem-
bers of the enormous family of Composites which are
now in flower in the herbaceous collection at Kew,
this is certainly one of the most handsome. The Kew
specimen is, however, far surpassed in size and beauty
by a grand plant in the collection of Mr. Stevens, at
Byfleet. This latter has glaucous green leaves between
2 and 3 feet in length, and nearly 1 2 foot across, and
a stout flower-stem about 7 feet in height, bearing a
pyramidal panicle of golden-yellow flower-heads.
Mr. Stevens received his plant under the name of
Ligularia thyrsiflora, but there is no doubt that it is
identical with Ligularia macrophylla — the Cineraria
macrophylla of Ledeeour's Icones. Ligularia is no
longer kept up as a generic name, it is only used as
the name of a section of the huge genus Senecio.
Eryngium Bourgati. — Perhaps the most
showy of the different species of Eryngium now in
bloom in Mr. Stevens' fine coHeclion of herbaceous
plants at Byfleet is the subject of the present note.
It is a Western European species, being found in
mountain meadows in the Pyrenees. It grows about
2 feet in height, and has deeper blue flowers and
bracts than most of the other species of the genus,
Mr. Stevens grew his plant under the name of
E, Roylei, but a specimen from that gentleman com-
pared with authenticated ones of E. Bourgati in the
Kew Herbarium proved them to be identical.
Colutea arborescens.— It is rather to be
wondered at that freer use is not made of this highly
ornamental shrub in private gardens. Truly, we
occasionally meet with it in the London p:irks and
at Kew, where large bushes have been conspicuous
from the abundance, if not profusion, of yellow bloom
for some weeks back. Moreover, they are scarcely
less attractive when laden with their large inflated
and singular seed-pods, which bear a considerable
resemblance to the old cresset or oil lamp of our
ancestors. In the typical plant these are green, but
in some of the varieties, especially C. arborescens
media, they assume a deep bronzy-red colour, and
lasting in perfection for some considerable time are
thereby rendered doubly interesting. C, arborescens
is figured in the Botanical Magazine^ 81 ; and the
variety media in "^KlisQu's Vcndrolo^ia B titan nicdt
140.
The Potato Crops and the Disease.—
The reports on the Potato crop, furnished by our
correspondents from all parts of the kingdom, and
printed in another place, are almost, without excep-
tion, favourable ; and in spite of the low temperature,
associated with an unusually large rainfall, that has
prevailed for some time, we are still sanguine enough,
seeing that a favourable change in the weather has
set in, to predict a heavy crop. Up to the present
time we have received no report of a bad attack of
the disease. The paragraph that appeared in last
week's number of Nature on an " unknown form "
of the Potato disease, apparently describes, as far as
it goes, the disease described and illustrated in the
Gardeners' Chronicle (n.s., vol. xiv., pp. 264-5, iSSo)
by Mr. WORTHINGTON G, Smith. We may be able
to give some further information on this subject in a
future issue.
PRINOS glaber. — This is a pretty little'ever-
green shrub of compact habit, with small leathery
glossy dark green leaves and clusters of white flowers
borne in profusion in the axils of the leaves. It is
the "glabrous Winter Berry" of Loudon's Ar-
boretiiniy and the "Inkberry" (so called on account
of its black fruit) of Dr. Asa Gkav's Manual, It was
first introduced to this country about 1759, and in all
probability by Collinson, from whose garden at Mill
Hill so many North American plants were first dis-
tributed. Bushes of the Inkberry at Kew were in
fine flower a fortnight or more since, but in Mr,
Stevens' garden at Byfleet others, occupying a posi-
tion considerably more shaded, were in perfection a
few days ago,
The Parcels Post. — So many of our
readers are making preparations to take advantage of
the new postal arrangements that we need make no
apology for directing their attention to the rules and
regulations which have been framed by the postal
authorities for the working of this branch of the
service, and which will be found at p. 122.
The Weather.— General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending July 23, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London : — The weather has been generally
cloudy, with frequent showers in the western and
southern parts of the kingdom, and occasional heavy
rain in the norlh-east. Ttiundersiorms occurred over
many parts of Great Britain on the 21st and 23d.
The temperature has been considerably below the
mean in all districts, the deficit ranging from 4° in
the south of Ireland and south in Scotland and the
South and south-west of England to S"" over the Mid-
land Counties. The thermometer has nut reached
70" at any of our stations; in "Scotland, E.," 64''
was the highest point recorded, in "Ireland, N.,"
63", and in "England, N.W.," 62". The lowest
minima, which were registered either on the 20th or
23d, ranged from 39" in "Scotland, E.," "Eng-
land, K.," and the Midland Counties, to 45° \\\
"England, S." The rainfall has been less than the
mean in "Scotland, W.," and "Ireland, N.," but
more in all other districts. In " Scotland, E.," and
"England, N. E.," heavy continuous rain fell on the
2 1st, and ihe total amount for the week has been
three times as much as the mean. Bright sunshine
has been generally deficient. The percentages of pos-
sible duration have varied from 15 in " Scotland,
E.," and 16 in the Midland Counties, to 40 in " Scoi-
land, W." Depressions observed ; — During the greater
part of the week pressure has been highest to the
westward and south-westward, and lowest to the east-
ward of our islands, and moderate or fresh norlh-west
winds have therefore prevailed generally. On ihe
20th and 2lst, however, a temporary interruption was
occasioned by the complex area of low pressure which
advanced towards our south-west coasts, crossed Eng-
land, and finally passed away in a northerly direction
over the North Sea, During its passage the winds
were light and somewhat variable.
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. Thomas
Denton, late Gardener to H. G. BAiNliKiDGE, Esq.,
Woodham Hall, Woking, Surrey, as Gardener 10
J. A. Strachan, Esq., Penrhyn Lodge, Surbiton,
Kingston-on-Thames.— Mr. Wm. Hardv, late Gar-
dener to the Earl of Enniskillen, and formerly at
Vale Royal, Cheshire, as Gardener to Reginald
Cokdet, Esq., Adderley Park.- Mr. S. Smith,
fiom Vale Royal, as Gardener to Sir GeORGE
Russell, Bart.j Swallowfield Park, Berks,
ii6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 28, 1883,
THE CALADIUM.
Those who are accustomed to visit many country
flower shows cannot have failed to notice that at all
of them classes are provided for Caladiums, and in
most cases the plants are really well grown. The
only fault I have had to find with them is that the
same old sorts are exhibited over and over again.
Such large growing foliage plants as the Caladium are
not nearly so popular now as they were some years
ago, yet there are few gardens without them, and in
many gardens they would be better appreciated if
some new, better, and more distinct sorts were intro-
duced. They should be grown in the form of small
plants to mix up with other stove subjects, where the
high-coloured leaves of the Caladium show to the best
advantage.
They are very easily grown, and yet as they are
seen in many gardens, with the leaf-stalks drawn up
so that the leaves will not stand erect without support,
they do not leave a favourable impression of the
Caladium as a useful decorative plant. In some cases
the gardener is not to blame, as his means are too
frequently very limited, and the plants have to stand
in some out-of-the-way corners while they are starting
into growth in the spring. Indeed, this is exactly
where the first mistalie in the cultivation of these
plants is usually made, and no amount of attention
subsequently will bring them into good form either
for exhibition purposes or to show the rich and varied
colours of the leaves to the best advantage. Cala-
diums require a season of rest during the winter — of
decided rest — but the corms will not keep sound in a
cool-house. The best way is to lay the pots on their
sides in a temperature of 55" during the winter, and
there they may rest until the end of February or early
in IMarch, when the corms may be turned out and
potted, using good turfy loam, a little turfy peat, and
some rotten manure, with some sharp sand to keep
the compost open. Small plants may be potted in
3 or 4-inch pots, and they are exceedingly well
adapted for mixing up with ilowering or fine-foliaged
plants in the stove.
Larger plants of course require larger pots, in pro-
portion to their size ; indeed, in some districts the
great competition of rival gardeners has caused the
plants to be grown to such a size that each of them
requires a couple of strong men to place them on the
exhibition stage. Plants like these are produced in
iS-inch pots, and show what the Caladium can be
grown to when space can be afforded to allow large
specimens to develope themselves. Of course few
gardeners can find room for such specimens, and no
one need envy those who can. The plants while
making their growth do not like exposure to the sun,
but they ought to have as much light as possible, and
the leaves should be near the glass. If they were
close to the glass, and at the same time exposed to
the direct rays of the sun, the leaves would be
scorched and rendered unsightly. If there are too
many leaves it is best to remove some of them, as a
mass of small foliage does not add to the dignity of
the plant.
Lastly, a selection of the best varieties is necessary.
Some of the very old sorts may yet be grown in col-
lections, such as Chantini, Chelsoni, Brongniarti,
Max Kolb, Wightii, &c. ; and who would be without
the pretty little argyrites, or the larger-leaved Bel-
leymei ? But there are many recent introductions
that have quite surpassed those good old sorts in
general excellence. Candidum is the best of the
white-leaved sorts. The effect of the foliage is similar
to that of Belleymei, but it is as large again. Cardi-
nale, a richly coloured variety which gained a First-
class Certificate for Messrs. Laing, of Stanstead, in
May last. Excellent is another distinct variety, with
lighter markings. John R. Box has reddish-tinted
leaves ; there are two or three others in this way, but
they cost more money and do not surpass it. Madame
Alfred Bleu is distinct and pretty. Meyerbeer, a dis-
tinct and good variety, cannot be classed with the
new sorts ; nor Prince Albert Edward, a still more
beautiful variety, which has large foliage, the midribs
and larger venation of which are of a reddish-crimson
colour. Princess of Wales and Princess of Teck have
greenish-yellow foliage, and are pretty. Besides Car-
dinale Messrs. Laing gained First-class Certificates
for two other new Caladiums, viz., Ornatum and
Verdi, both distinct and pretty. J. Douglas,
J40JME j^ORREgPOJ^DEJICE.
Campanula urticaefolia flore-pleno. — Amongst
the many tall growing kinds of perennial Campanulas
just now being mentioned, I don't observe any notice
of this variety. It is a very robust hardy kind, and
is known as the nettle-leaved ; the spikes reach from
2 to 3 feet in height in good soil, and are covered
with clusters of pure white flowers of beautiful
form, each one including some three or four distinct
bells, so that they are perfectly double, though ap-
parently not so massive as are the double white
flowers of C. persicsefolia. It came here from Mr.
James Allen's garden at Shepton Mallet, with that
truly beautiful hardy plant CEnothera Fraseri, which
produces in such rich profusion flowers of the most
pleasing shade of yellow to be found in a garden.
Both deserve to be placed in the very front rank of
hardy plants. I observe that without including the
large turbinate section of Campanulas, the Cottage
Gardener's Dictionary gives a list of over 1 20 hardy
perennial kinds ; there must be many of these —
assuming they are really distinct — that are compara-
tively unknown in gardens. A, D,
A Nutmeg Gatherer. — Amongst some interest-
ing specimens recently received at the Kew Museum
from Timorlant, collected by Mr. H. O. Forbes, is
an instrument such as is used in Banda for gathering
Nutmegs. The instrument is made of split Bamboo,
and forms a kind of basket of an oval form, with an
opening on one side. At the upper part of this open-
ing are two projecting prongs of hard wood, set
pretty close together ; at the opposite end is a light
Bamboo handle. The whole apparatus is very light,
and in gathering the Nutmegs while yet, of course, in
Fig. 20. — INSTRUMENT FOR GATHERING NUTMEGS.
their fruit, the instrument is pushed amongst the
branches of the tree and the fruit caught between the
two prongs of hard wood, previously described. By a
jerk of the instrument the fruit is detached, and
falls at once into the basket below. The contrivance
is extremely simple, and does away with the necessity
of erecting stages for the purpose of gathering the
fruits, which is done in some countries. The sim-
plicity of the contrivance, together with the
ease with which the fruits are gathered by its aid
would recommend the use of a similar instrument for
gathering Apples or Plums in English market gardens
or orchards. Some modifications for this purpose
might be made ; for instance, a sharp piece of steel
might be inserted between the prongs, by which
means the stalks of the fruits might be more readily
cut. A soft pad might also be placed in the basket
or cage to prevent the fruits bruising in their short
fall.
Bog Plants. — I send a flower of the rare Par-
nassia nubicola, which is of less stiff habit than P.
asarifolia, but, like it, there seems to be but one
blossom on each stem ; the flower stem is taller than
that of P. asarifolia. Neither of these species equals
in beauty the native Grass of Parnassus, with its
bunches of bright golden balls ; but they have the
same curious movement of the stamens. Each petal
of P. nubicola has a small fringe of hairs near the
base at each side ; can this be to prevent small
insects from creeping in between the petals to get
at the nectaries ? Blossoms of another bog plant,
Saxifraga diversifolia, are also sent. Its branched
flower-stems are about 2 feet high, and the deep
yellow flowers are effective. The pink and white
forms of double Ragged Robin, Lychnis flos-cuculi
flore-pleno, are peculiarly light and feathery ; but
though they like bog treatment they do not actually
require it. They are now almost out of blossom.
The wild Hypericum pulchrum, though not naturally
a bog plant, is pretty enough to claim a place amongst
good bog plants. It is about i\ foot high, and bright
with golden star-shaped blossoms about half an inch
across. The Sweet Flag, Acorus calamus, has ,
strongly scented leaves (when bruised), and is inte-
resting from being quite unlike most Aroids in habit.
But it is best to plant it in a pot before placing it in
any bog bed devoted to choice plants, as it spreads
quickly, and does much mischief The common Musk,
for the same reason, becomes a dangerous weed ; but
Harrison's Musk does not seem to have the same
rapid growth of underground stems, and is a pretty
bog plant, as is also the scarlet form of Mimulus
cupreus. We completely failed in all attempts to
grow Cyananthus lobatus till a small plant was put,
by accident, into a watertight peat bed, a year ago.
It is now nearly i\ foot across, and has quantities of
flower-buds. The great beauty of this blue flower,
slightly resembling an Achimenes, makes it worthy
of a place in the choicest collection. Care should
be taken to prevent its blossoms being spoilt by slugs.
Amongst bog Ferns, Lastrea Thelypteris, Osmunda
Claytoniana (very bright green), and O. palustris may
be especially mentioned. The last named kind is
like a miniature O. regalis, about i foot high, with
brown tinted foliage. There is a curious peculiarity
in a plant of variegated common Rush. The flowering
stems have no variegation below the bunch of
blossoms. The yellow line at one side then begins
and continues to the point. In stems without flowers
the line of yellow is continued through the whole
length of the stem. This difference seems constant
in all the stems on the plant, specimens of which are
enclosed. C. M. Owen.
Melon Grov?ing. — Various are the ways of grow-
ing and managing Melons, but I never'saw any more
successfully treated, or better, than a house of plants
at The Chantry, near Ipswich, where Mr. Hobson, the
able gardener, has some in a forward stage that
average five very large fruits each, which, perhaps,
may not be considered by many an extraordinary
crop, but what is of far more importance than that
is the perfect finish of the Melons, and keeping
the foliage green and fresh to the end without
which flavour is sure to be absent. The plan
Mr. Hobson pursues is to run his plants right up to
and over the trellis as far as he intends them to go,
when the point of the leader is nipped out, and no
more laterals are allowed to issue from the main stem
than he fruits, nor are the laterals left allowed to run,
but are stopped, and every leaf therefore has room to
stand clear of the others. The leaves were remark-
able for size and texture, and looked so firm, green,
and hard, as to bid defiance to red-spider or
other insects, no traces of which could be seen
on the plants, which were perfect in health,
and appeared as if they wanted to break loose
somewhere, that they might let off a portion
of their pent-up vigour and strength. The bed
on which the Melons referred to are growing is
made up of dung and leaves over a hot-water tank,
and on the fermenting material a ridge of stiff loamy
soil is laid, in which the plants are planted, with
their collars high, the slight mound being formed by
strips of turfy loam run round, inside of which no
water is ever poured, but the roots are kept with an
abundant supply beyond, over which part a mulching
is applied, and under this the surface is matted with
feeders. In the pits, where they are planted after
Potatos, the plants look almost equally well, but
instead of being trained out over the ground they are
on trellises, which bring the leaves up to within 6
or 9 inches of the glass, and thus give full play for the
air above and below, besides affording the fruit a
much better chance of getting sun and light, so essen-
tial for converting the crude juices into saccharine
matter. J. SheJ>pard.
Chrysanthemum segetum. — As the wild variety,
grown in the gardens at Gunnersbury Park, is written
of as being of straggling habit of growth, I have
doubted whether the kind therein cultivation is the
true one, as, having seen it growing in fields in various
places from time to time, I have never seen it exceed-
ing a height of 15 inches, and always of a stout com-
pact habit of growth. Perchance growth in a field,
as, for instance, amongst Turnips, would admit of a
more compact habit being shown than where sown
perhaps thickly in a garden. Flowers of the single
yellow coronaria type bear no inconsiderable resem-
blance to those of segetum, but the foliage and habit
of the plants materially differ. Segetum in some soils
is a most troublesome weed, and it seems odd to find
it now being made of service as a garden flower,
A. D.
Potato Disease : Protective Moulding. — I
should be glad if you would allow me a short space
in your columns for a reply to **A. D." (p. 85).
In quoting briefly the proposals regarding protec-
tive moulding, the extract from vol. xviii., p. 38,
was given, as is clearly stated, " for the informa-
tion" of those who might not have read it pre-
viously. Not a single word of recommendation— as
"A. D.'s" remarks would imply — or its beneficial
effects being mentioned, this being left for those who
July 28, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
117
may feel so disposed to find out by their own practice.
To the incredulous question, " But is it really the
Potato disease from which his Beauty of Hebron is
suffering? " I would reply by saying that I shall be
most happy to make "A. D." a present of a good
supply of haulm, on condition of his paying the cost
of carriage. I reiterate with emphasis that which I
stated with regard to protective moulding at p. 54 —
viz., " I cannot bring myself to believe that we shall
derive much benefit from it ; of this, however, we
shall be able to speak with more certainty in a few
weeks hence." J. Uoisc/hiJ, Hivlcdiiiry.
— — This afternoon I spent hall-an-hour examining
a field ot Botatos at North Wootton. One single
leaf affected with Beronospora was all I could find.
It is the first time I have seen conidia this year on
British Botatos. C/iarles B. Plown'^/ii, 7, A'/iig Slncl,
King's Lynn, July 23.
Everlasting Peas. — Although they do not offer
so much variety as the Sweet Bea, which affords many
varied shades of colour, they are of great value for
growing on the foreground of shrubs, or at the back
of wide borders, where, if they have proper support,
they form fine masses that are as bold and striking as
they are useful for cutting from. For this latter pur-
pose they have no rival, as there is no end scarcely to
the supply they yield, and it may truly be said that
one may cut and come again, for with established
plants the stems are numerous, and they flower on
every joint as they keep on elongating, which they do
for several months in the year. Not only do these
Everlasting Peas afford quantity, but there is quality
in the bloom, as besides the white being very pure,
the petals are of good substance, and the flowers are
therefore very lasting in water. The purple is the
stronger variety of the two, and it is said that the
white reverts back to that colour, but whether
it does so or not I am not in a position to
state. If such a change does take place it goes
to show that the white is simply a sport from
the other, but it is more likely that the supposed
metamorphosis occurs through the one outgrowing
and killing the others, which can hardly be called
the survival of the fittest, as the white, if not the
most robust, is by far the more preferable kind of the
two, and quite deserving of all the care and attention
that can be bestowed on it. Although these ever-
lasting Peas will grow in almost any kind of soil
they yield the best results in that which is deep, for
when they can send their roots well down dry weather
does not distress them, and they are able to continue
lengthening and branching out and producing
bloom. The way to increase the plants is by division,
and the right time to carry that out is during spring,
just as they begin to start, as then there is no fear of
the wounded parts rotting, instead of which they
quickly heal over, and new rootlets are speedily
formed. J. Shcppard.
The Bracken (see p. 86). — I quite agree with
" H. n." as to the beauty of this plant when seen to
advantage, at the same time I would caution any one
against introducing it into any place where they wish
anything else to grow, as when once it gets established
in a soil that it thoroughly likes it becomes a perfect
thicket about 6 feet high, and will kill everything
before it that happens to be smaller in stature. Its
underground stems also will fill the paths, beds, &c.
near, and become a perfect nuisance. Wild garden-
ing is all very well if the hobby is not carried too far,
but a garden full of brakes will not satisfy any one.
W, H. Divers, Burghley,
Orchard Houses. — The use of these is clearly
exemplified in seasons like the present, when there
is little or no stone fruit about in the open ; but it is
not so much costly structures that are needed as
glazed sheds, which answer every purpose, provided
they are only in sheltered positions, and large enough
to contain plenty of air to prevent the internal tempe-
rature running up and down too quickly, which is
sure to be the case if the structures are small. Not
only is it essential that an orchard-house should be
large, but to be successful it must be light, this being
of the first and greatest importance, and therefore the
less timber there is about it the better will it answer
its purpose. Although as plain as it is possible for a
building of this sort to be, there is one at The Chantry,
near Ipswich, worth seeing just now, as the numerous
trees in it are laden with fruit ; and yet there is not a
pipe in it, nor any means of applying heat to keep out
the frost. Indeed, the great secret seems to be to let
it in, as it is the retardation that brings about the
happy result of an abundant crop, for by having the
house wide open all the winter and spring the trees
are kept back till late in the season, and when
they come into bloom the weather is such, and
the flowers are so strong that they seldom, if ever,
fail to set. The only trouble Mr. Hobson appears
to have under his system of management is
thinning, the labour and time occupied in doing
which this year must have been great, especially with
the Plums, which set in dense clusters ; and the
Peaches and Nectarines are also very full up the entire
length of their branches. The trees are not in pots,
but planted out in rather stiff soil that is very firm
and hard, which firmness checks growth, and, no
doubt, has done much to keep the trees small and in
the fertile state they now are. At or before this time
the ground is mulched, and heavy waterings given,
which are continued throughout the summer as often
as is necessary to aid the swelling of the fruit and
keep the plants in good health. As the trees are
treated on the cool system, by having the house con-
stantly open, they are not syringed till the sun begins
to bear much power, but when they do get it the
water is applied with force and their foliage well
washed, which keeps it perfectly clean and free from
red-spider. The wood throughout is thin, which not
only aids it in ripening, but exposes the fruit to the
solar rays, which give it colour and flavour. J.
ihcfparj.
M. Dalliere's Winter Garden, — When at
Ghent in the spring we obtained from our friend M.
Van Hulle, a tracing of the ground plan of a winter
garden which he designed, and which M. Alexis
Dalliere has had constructed in his nursery in the
Faubourg de Bruxelles (fig. 21). The house is a ridge-
and-furrow structure of four spans, about 40 feet
wide and 60 feet long, with the roof supported by
iron columns. It was erected for the cultivation of
Palms, Cycads, and suchlike fine-foliaged plants, but
beautiful rose-coloured tint in the transparent part of
the pitchers, which is very effective. C. M. 0.
Sweet Bay at Milverton.— At Mr. Randolph's,
at Milverton, 7 miles west of Taunton, there are three
trees of Laurus nobilis, L., one of which I have
measured. It rises with four trunks, the girth of
which is — No. i, at i foot from the ground, 3 feet
3 inches ; at 5 feel, 2 feet 10 inches. No. 2, at I
foot from the ground, 4 feet ; at 5 feet, 3 feet. No. 3,
at I foot from the ground, 2 feet 6 inches ; at 5 feel,
2 feet I inch. No. 4, at I foot from the ground,
3 feet 10 inches ; at 5 feet, 3 feet. Before the cold
winter of 1S81 these trunks were 40 feet high ; they
are now a few feet shorter. They all rise from the
same root, and are every year loaded with ripe berries.
The other two trees are nearly as large. As there is
probably no other of equal size in these islands, or
anywhere short of Portugal and the Mediterranean, I
have thought it worth recording in your Chronicle,
R. C. A. Prior.
Fig. 21. — MR. dalliSre's winter garden.
instead of treating the interior as would be done in
this country, M. Dalliere preferred the gardenesque
style, which is extremely picturesque, while, at the
same time, being equally as economical in staging
space as though straight stages had been used. The
beds are raised about 2 feet high, with narrow walls
along the side sof the path, and the plants, being
plunged in tan, with light all around them, make
a free and clean growth.
Sarracenias at Glasnevin. — There is a special
interest in seeing the first plant of the first hybrid
Sarracenia, S. Moorei (S. Drummondi x S. flava),
still grown at Glasnevin, and about 2 feet high. It
was exhibited by the late Dr. Moore at the Botanical
Congress at Florence in 1874. Few people could
have guessed that in less than ten years there would
be such a number of varied and beautiful hybrids as
are now to be found. At Glasnevin alone there are
hundreds of hybridised seedlings from one to four
years old, amongst which there will probably be many
good new forms. These seedlings usually blossom
the fifth or sixth year. Among the earlier hybrids is
S. Popei, named after Mr. Pope, who has been for
many years at Glasnevin, and who evidently takes as
much interest in the culture of Sarracenias now as
when the first successful attempts at hybridising them
were made. Here, as elsewhere, every attempt to
obtain a hybrid between any Sarracenia and the Dar-
lingtonia has failed. The bright deep crimson colour of
S. Chelsoni contrasts well with some of the lighter-
coloured kinds ; S. flava maxima has a dark-veined
hood, and there is a form of S. variolaris with a
E. S. DODWELL.
As co-Honorary Secretary of the Southern Sec-
tion of the National Auricula Society, and also
of the National Carnation and Picotee Society,
Mr. Dodwell, whose portrait we publish on p. 113,
is as well known in the South 0 f England as in
the Midland districts, where he resided for so
many years. His name is a household word among
florists all the world over, and, like many another man
whose good fortune it has been to contribute to the
lists of florists' flowers varieties that will be grown
for years to come, he is much more widely known
by reputation than in person ; and many will look
upon our portrait of this distinguished florist with
feelings of gratitude as well as of interest. A man of
great energy of character and almost invincible deter-
mination, Mr. Dodwell has for a period of thirty
years been a prominent figure in the ranks of florists,
and he is as greatly respected and admired as he is
widely known.
From his boyhood Mr. Dodwell had a keen delight
in Nature. In imparting some recollections of his
early life Mr. Dodwell writes : — " A severe attack of
scarlatina in my eighth year quite broke up my health
— never robust ; and for three years I was the victim
of the then orthodox and merciless medical practice.
The miserable patient, however, was not cured, and
did not die ; and so, after three years of experiment,
I was given over as incurable, and left to the charge
of a loving mother's care. A beneficial change was
soon apparent. Soon, instead of lying helpless in
my cot or invalid's chair — in which on every favour-
able occasion I was drawn out for change of air — I
was able to sit up, and then, leaving it for a brief
while, wander in the sheltered nooks and sunny glades
to which I had been taken ; and grass, and leaves,
and flowers were to me a source of never-failing
delight and repose. My grandfather, in a wing of
whose house I was born, was the possessor of a tine
orchard, and, for the locality, a superior garden.
Here, regularly in the season, came a village worthy
well versed in the cultivation of fruits and flowers, to
prune and train and propagate as the time demanded
and the subject required. I watched his work with
attention and an ever-increasing interest, and soon
was permitted to call a little plot of garden mine. So
began my love for the garden and delight in the
beauties of Nature. With the partial re-establish-
ment of my health I went again to school, and then,
soon after I had reached my fifteenth year, was placed
in London — a post in a large commercial house having
been given me by a gentleman of high standing and
repute in the City." Such, then, began the weakness
of constitution which has remained to Mr. Dodwell
until this day, and that love for flowers which he will
never lose until his life shall have run its course.
How Mr. Dodwell pined for home and his plot of
garden ground can be imagined. The work of the
counting-house kept him employed twelve hours
daily, and when it was over there was but little
leisure. But he found compensation for his loss of
country life in becoming a member of the City o
London Literary and Scientific Institution, then at
its zenith, and in its reading-room, library, discussion
and music classes found a source of interest and
information which has served him to good purpose
throughout a useful life. Before Mr. Dodwell was
twenty-one years of age he was made chief clerk to
the house, and having experienced indications that
his health would not long sustain the strain laid
upon it, in 1S44 he exchanged his position for one of
ii8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 28, 1883.
a similar kin'l in the then largest manufacturing house
at Derby. There was renewed his work in the gar-
den. Mr. Dodwell commenced to form a collection
of Carnations and Picotees ; he visited Mr. Charles
Turner, then in business at Chalvey, to see the best
flowers grown ; and later at the Royal Nursery,
Slough. Here, in his new sphere of labour, he sought
to stir up floricuUural aptitudes, and finding the exhi-
bition at Derby at that time limited to the proprietors
of a few florists' flowers he recommended its expan-
sion and the reconstitution of the existing Society
upon an open basis, and was elected its Honorary
Secretary — the late Duke of Devonshire kindly ac-
cepting the office of President.
For a few years the Society struggled against adverse
influences, but patience and perseverance prevailed,
and before seven years had passed the Midland Hor-
ticultural Society was known as one of the most suc-
cessful of provincial associations — successful, that is,
in the skill and note of its leading exhibitors. " The
institution of the Society," writes Mr. Dodwell, "and
its work brought to me a host of friends, now, alas !
mostly passed over to the majority, whose genial
recognition and kindly sympathy will ever remain
amongst my most prized remembrances. Some few,
indeed, remain, though in some cases, like myself, the
force and vigour of life has much abated, and it is a
most grateful satisfaction to me to know there is no
diminution of their kindly sympathy or genial regard ;
whilst of my friends and following of a younger gene-
ration who have come forward and filled the vacancies
in our ranks, I feel I cannot too gratefully speak of
the honours they have so spontaneously and volun-
tarily heaped upon me."
Of Mr. Dodwell's work as a cultivator it may be
stated that his business engagements at Derby per-
mitted no leisure for competition outside the Carna-
tion and Picotee. Of his success as a seedling raiser
we may speak with more freedom. By working on a
well-known and recognised law of physiological
development, previously to some extent unthought of
by workers in the same field — the law of selection of
parents — from the first a success attended his efforts,
which even to this day he regards as surprising. And
the success which has come to him in these later days
has simply enlarged and extended that surprise. Let
it not be thought that Mr. Dodwell is in any degree
oblivious of or thinks lightly of the efforts of his
friends and friendly competitors in this sphere of
work ; and it may be safely assumed that no one
knows better, and no one, we are sure, rejoices more
over the great and glowing results they have attained.
May we not say of raisers generally, that any sense of
mere selfish gratification is lost in the more human and
generous thought that they are working for the com-
mon good, and that success is valued in that it
imparts an added delight to their fellow men. "I
have been ever sensible," writes Mr. Dodwell, "that
the work I have been permitted to do has been
limited in its scope, and appraised by the favour and
sympathy of too partial friends at a value far beyond
its desserts. None the less am I indebted to those
of my friends, and none the less shall I omit to
declare that I have worked with my whole might ; I
have reverenced and respected my work, admitting and
proclaiming the insignificance and fallibility of the
individual. I can admit neither insignificance nor
unworthiness in the pursuit. I feel, to adopt the
language of the late Rev. George Jeans, ' it is ele-
gant, instructive, scientific, and prolific of gratifying
results.
Twice in the course of his long floricuUural life
Mr. Dodwell has had conveyed to him the sense of
his friends and fellows on the value of his work in
that form in which, operating on his pocket, is said
by cynics to be the most conclusive evidence of an
Englishman's opinion — first in 1854, and then again
in iSSi, when from broken health Mr. Dodsvell was
necesslted to take rest and relief in a purer air than at
Clapham. On the first occasion advantage was taken
of the annual exhibition of the National Carnation
and Picotee Society at Derby, on August 8, when
there was a large gathering of florists, and particularly
of those interested in the Carnation and Picotee.
The chair was taken by the late iMr. John Edwards,
and the presentation was made by the late Mr. John
Frederick Wood, the Editor of the Midland Florist :
and among other things he said, " Years ago, before
he knew Mr. Dodwell, he (Mr. Wood) used to visit
Derby as a judge, and though his friends were then
in earnest — they heartily desired to present their
flowers worthily before the public — he must say their
exhibitions were very insignificant. Earnestly as
they strove there was a want— and a very large want
— always perceptible. There was a want of arrange-
ment—a want of effect ; in fine, there was a want of
a master mind. Mr. Dodwell came amongst them, a
total stranger ; he had no ordinary difficulties to sur-
mount, but with unflagging energy, indomitable per-
severance, and unconquerable pluck — choosing always
to do that which was right, and to oppose that which
was wrong — he had steadily pressed on until Derby,
from a fourth or fifth-rate position, might proudly say
her exhibitions gave place to none in the provinces."
Undoubtedly in the qualities ascribed by Mr. Wood to
Mr. Dodwell we have the key to the position Mr. Dod-
well holds amongst his fellows, for they are qualities
which create confidence and command respect. The
strict discipline of business which long practice made
part and parcel of himself was of incalculable advantage
and value in the organisation and conduct of societies
such as Mr. Dodwell has led, and which we hope he
may still continue to lead.
As a raiser of Carnations and Picotees, Mr. Dod-
well's work extends over a considerable number of
years. While resident at Derby he was most success-
ful with the Picotee, and produced the following
varieties : —
Red-idged.—Ms.xy, light.
Purple-edged. — Alfred, heavy ; Mrs. Turner,
heavy ; Amy Robsart, light ; and Mrs. Bayley,
heavy.
Rose-ed^ed. — Fanny and Minnie.
This list may not include all the Derby-raised
flowers, but all the foregoing were considered very
fine in their day, and proved of great value to exhi-
bitors.
Carnation, S.F., John Bayley was raised at Derby ;
it was one of the best of its class, and can be found
in some collections to this day.
The following Picotees were raised by Mr. Dodwell
when living at Clapham a few years ago : —
Red-edged. — Blanche and Hilda.
Purple-edged. — Edith.
Rose and Scarlet-edged. — Daisy.
It is since he has resided at Oxford that Mr. Dodwell
has scored his greatest triumphs as a raiser, and espe-
cially with the Carnation. In a list issued recently
by him appears the following, illustrating his activity
as a producer of new varieties : —
Carnations : Ke^^v Scarlet Bizarres. — Alfred
Hudson, Master Stanley, Tom Power, Tom Brown,
Caractacus, Dandy, and Smike.
Older Varieties. — Arthur Medhurst, Ben Simonite,
Charles Turner, Edward Adams, Fred, George,
George Rudd, Harry Turner, James Mcintosh, John
Hines, Jim Whittaker, Job Matthews, Little John,
Philip Thomas, Raynor Johnson, Rembrandt, Robert
Lord, Thomas Bower, Titian, and William Syms.
Nc-<n Crimson Bizarres. — A. D. Southgate, Mar-
guerite, Millie, Miss Henderson, Mrs. Barlow, T. S.
Ware, and Tom Foster.
Older Varieties. — Dr. Cronin, Faust, Gracilis,
Harrison Weir, H. K. Mayor, Jack liunsby, Mrs.
Gorton, Rev. F. Tymons, Robert, Shirley Hibberd,
Squire Dodwell, Squire Llewelyn, Squire Penson,
Stanley Hudson, and Thomas Moore,
Neiu Purple Flake. — Mayor of Oxford.
New Scarlet Flakes. — Harry Matthews, Samuel
Brown, and Scarlet Keet,
Older Varieties. — Bayley Junior, Friar Tuck, John
Ball, Mr. Allen, Mr. Porter, Richard Gorton,
Thomas Tomes, William Mellor, and William Laing.
iVeiu Rose Flakes. — Madge Wildfire and Miss
Erskine Wemyss.
Older Varieties. — Mrs. Anderson, Mrs. Home,
Mrs. Matthews, and Mrs. Tomes,
Picotees, Nni) Pnrple-edgci. — Florence Agnes and
Olive Mary.
Older Varieties. — lAiu^ Tomes and Tinnie.
Red-edged. — Elsie Grace and Winnifred Esther.
Rose-edged. — Julia and Miss Gorton.
It is with Carnations Mr. Dodwell has proved so
eminently successful as a raiser, and his productions
appear to outnumber those of all other contemporary
raisers put together, and he has by no means com-
pleted his work. The record of his achievements
may be extended yet over not a few years.
The love for flowers, and an irrepressible desire to
improve them, is with Mr. Dodwell no mere senti-
ment— It is as a living faith which must find expres-
sion in good works. He may be said to have trans-
lated into fitting words the most earnest expression of
his highest floral aspirations when, in 1881, he
received the handsome testimonial of rejard from his
floral brethren to which reference has been made, and
quoted from one of the most eminent of modern
writers the following passage: — "Flowers, besides
being beautiful in themselves, are suggesters of every
other kind of beauty, of gentleness, of youihfulness,
of hope. They are evidence of Nature's good nature
— proofs manifest that she means us well, and more
than well ; that she loves to give us the beautiful in
addition to the useful. They neutralise bad with
good, beautify good Itself, make life livelier, human
bloom more blooming, and anticipate the spring of
heaven over the winter of the grave. Their very
frailty and the shortness of their lives please us because
of this their indestructible association with beauty,
for while they make us regret our own like transitory
existence, they soothe us with a consciousness, how-
ever dim, of our power to perceive beauty, therefore
of our link with something divine and deathless, and
of our right to hope that immortal hopes will have
immortal realisations."
A GENERAL INDEX TO THE
BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.*
A WANT long felt and expressed by horticulturists
is a general index to the published figures of plants,
based upon the limitations of the genera of plants in
the most recent standard works. Of course, such an
index could only be prepared by a competent botanist,
and at best it could only embody the ideas of the
botanists whose writings were selected as the autho-
rity for the definitions of the genera ; but it could
nevertheless be made very useful. Taking the
Botanical Magazine to illustrate our meaning. The
first volume was published in 1787, so that it has
been in existence nearly a century, and commenced
when the classification of plants was in its infancy.
Scarcely a tenth of the genera now admitted were
then known ; and the limits of many of the genera
adopted were some wider and some narrower than
those commonly accepted at the present time ; and
while numerous new genera have been founded for
plants unknown to Linneus and his contemporaries
many of the Linnean genera have undergone con-
siderable modification. Thus the genus Epidendrum
included species belonging to about fifteen of the
more distinct genera of epiphytic Orchids. The
Linnean genera were not equally comprehensive in
all classes ; yet It will be easily understood that the
general conception of a genus was very different to
what it is now, though then, as now, botanists did
not all agree as to the limits of genera. To the
trained botanist this presents little difficulty, but to
those unacquainted with botany, to whom a name
represents so much, the apparent contradictions in
the names of plants are very perplexing.
We have entered into these particulars in order to
show how far the Editor of the present work has
fallen short of producing as useful an index as might
have been produced, partly because he disregarded
the sound advice offered him by qualified persons, and
partly because he has misconceived the duties of an
index maker. We do not assert that the present
index is useless. It will have its use, doubtless ; but
the Editor, through his ignorance of botanical litera-
ture, has singularly over-rated its importance. Let
us examine his preface, which opens with a justifica-
tion for the index in question. He says : — " Many
otherwise valuable books with imperfect indexes, or
none, are actually useless to the student, who rarely
has suflicient leisure to turn over all their pages to
search for the information he requires ; these remarks
apply especially to books of the class of Curtis'
Botanical Magazine and Sowerby's Botany, both of
which are without general indexes : the Editors of the
former have published an index to the first forty-two
volumes, then, passing over the next twenty-eight
volumes, an inde.x to volumes Ixxi. — Ixxxvi., and
finally, an index to volumes Ixxi. — xcvi. Mr.
Quaritch, who has rendered so much service to
lovers of books, by his valuable catalogues of books,
with their complete indexes, published an index to
volumes llv. — Ixx., so that on the completion of the
cviith volume, to ascertain If a particular plant is
illustrated it may be necessary to search through three
indexes and twenty-two single volumes, or without
^ General Index to the Latin Names and Synonyms of the
Plants Depicted in tlie first Hnndred and Seven Voliitnes of
tlie "Botanical Magazine^' to which is added a Short List
of Popular Names. Edited by Edmund Tonks, B CX.
London : B. Quaritcti. 18S3. 8vo, pp. 263.
July aS, 1S83.]
THE G.-^RDENHRS' CHRONICLE.
119
Mr. Qaaritch's index, which is not contained in the
publisher's issue, thirty-nine volumes."
Mr. Tonks is apparently not only innocent of the
existence of Pritzel's admirable Iconuni Botauicamm
InhXf but he has not taken the trouble to ascertain the
truth respecting the published indexes to the Botanical
Ma'^azine itself. With regard to SozVi-'rby^s BotanVy if
he means the third ediiion, that is stdl incomplete.
It is true that ten years have elapsed since the eleventh
volume was published, but we have reasons for
knowing that another volume is in active pre-
paration. We are now, however, more particularly
concerned with the indexes to \\\q Botanical Mtv^azinc.
Firstly, the following indexes have been published in
the form of supplements to the various volumes of the
magazine named. Volume xlii. contains an ind- x to
volumes i.— xlii. ; volume Ixiii., volumes liv. — Ixiii. ;
volume Ixxiv., volumes Ixiv. — Ixx. ; volume Ixxxvi.,
volumes Ixxi. — Ixxxvi. ; and volume xcvi,, volumes
Ixxi. — xcvi. Independently of the foregoing, Curtis
himself published, in a separate form, an index to
volumes i. — liii., or the whole of the first series, so
that the various Editors between them have published
general indexes from time to time including all the
volumes up to the ninety-sixth ; and four of these, it
will be seen, embrace the ninety-six volumes. Had
Mr. Tonks known this he perhaps would not have
expressed surprise at the publisher's declining to pub-
lish the present index, except at the compiler's
expense. Furthermore, there are three indexes in
existence that include the ninety-six volumes, namely,
Curtis' index to volumes i. — liii. ; Quaritch's to
liv. — to Ixx. ; and the index in the ninety-sixth
volume to volumes Ixxi. — xcvi. Mr. Tonks' index
carries us eleven volumes further, and has the advan-
tage of being in one ; yet those botanists who have
kept their Pritzel posted up will have no use for it;
and amateurs, as we have already stated, want an
index to guide them to the figure of a given plant
through the name by which it is universally known at
the present time. Thus, Eranthis hyemalis (t. 3)
appears only under the name of Helleborus hyemalis
— a name under which one would be very unlikely to
look for it. Felicia tenella appears as Aster tenella ;
Tolpis barbata as Crepis barbata ; and numerous
other plants are figured under names equally
obsolete.
If, instead of enumerating the ante-Linnean syno-
nyms, Mr. Tonks had given the modern names,
he would have earned the gratitude of amateurs and
botanists alike. But Mr. Tonks was clearly unaware
that the difference between his work and that which
a competent botanist would have produced could be
so very great, or he would not have made the light-
hearted reference to it he has, in his preface, in the
form of a rejoinder to the advice proferred him by
the Editor of the Botanical Magazine, Throughout
this short preface is of a somewhat vituperative
character. We are well aware that the Bota7zical
Magazine fs by no means free from typographical
errors, and the compiler of the index was quite within
his province in correcting such errors ; but he could
not resist the temptation to go further. He finds
fault with the want of uniformity in gender and in
adjectival terminations ; and he paiticu'arly singles
out the derivatives in which the Greek aftiix e(Sf;s is
employed, objecting that they are made to terminate
indifierently in *' es," *' eus," and " is," as thyrsoides,
thyrsoideus, and arctotidis {sic .'). We admit the want
of uniformity, and we are not so sanguine as to expect
to find it in a serial that has been running through
several generations ; yet we should expect a gratui-
tous censor to be able to distinguish such a genitive
form as the preceding from ordinary nominative
terminations. //.
ALPINE PLANTS.
Mr. Meyer's Collection of Alpine Plants,
AT Chamfel, near Geneva.— On a rockery about
30 yards long, Mr. Meyer, who has only quite lately
turned his attention to alpine plants, has brought
together nearly a thousand species of a more or less
alpine character, or inhabitants of rocky localities.
Owing to the construction of his rockery, or to ils
situation, or perhaps to its aspect, Mr. Meyer ha^
been in the highest decree successul ; and this collec-
tion is certainly ;,t the present time the most complete
and especially the best cultivated ol any that we have
in the neight-ourhood of Genev.i, The rockery
occupies the highest part of the country, and runs
north and south— that is to say, it has an eastern and
a western slope. On the one side it is skirted by a
grotto containing a running spring, and on the other,
a few yards below, by a large pond of water ;
consequently the atmosphere is always, to a certain
extent, charged with moisture, whicli favours the
growth uf the plants. The rockery is picturesque in
form, and relieved by narrow paths leading from the
outside to the inside. It is veritable rockery, practically
combining and associating the artistic and agreeable ;
and it is wholly constructed of limestone, partly from
the Jura, slightly impregnated with iron, and partly
from Saleve,
There are parts quite dry and barren, and fully ex-
posed to the sun, where Mr. Meyer cultivates various
species of .Sedum and .Sempervivum. Elsewhere are
humid hollows of peat or sphagnum, sheltering such
plants as Andromeda polifolia, in superb condition ;
Album victoriale, Carices, Chrysosplenium alterni-
folium, Empetrum nigrum, Fritillaria Meleagris,
Gentiana Pneumonanthe, Gladiolus segetum, Lysi-
machia longifolia, L. verticillata, Lycopodium Selago
(which I very much doubt Mr. Meyer being able to
keep for several years), Osmunda regalis, Parnassia
palustris, Saxifraga Hirculus, S. autumnalis, Salix
repens, S. herbacea, S. reticulata, S. pyrenaica,
Swertia perennis, and various other plants. In dry
shady places, and in clefts of the rock, we find a large
number of Saxifrages, various species of Silene, as S.
Fumilio and S. Elizabeths, Reseda glauca and R.
complicata, species of Primula of the Auricula type,
of Phyteuma, Campanula Vanneri (planted on shaded
slopes), C. garganica, C. muralis, C. Portenschlagiana,
C. celtidifolia, C. sarmatica, C. Raineri, C. pusilla
fl.-pl., C. pulla, C. Zoysii, C. lactiflora, several
species of Alsine, and so on. In sheltered nooks
there is quite a collection of hardy Cacti, including
Opuntia Rafinesquii, O. alpina, and A. cormiata,
which are not otherwise protected in winter. Generally
the nooks are flat and deep, and well separated from
each other. Herein we find, in colonies of three,
four, six, or more, nearly all the plants that bedeck
the turf of our meadows and mountains. Drainage is
effected by means of coke or small stones ; and the
earth used is a composition of leaf-mould and peat
mixed with sand. These nooks are so filled with
flowers that the whole rockery looks, at a distance,
like an immense bed of flowers. Among the prettier
of these alpine plants I may mention Achillea nana,
with whitish hoary foliage, and pretty silvery-white
flowers ; Adenostylis alpina, and A. albifrons,
Androsace villosa, A. chamjejasme, A. Laggeri, A.
Cffispitosa, and others ; Anemone vernalis, A. albana,
A. baldensis, A. alpina, A. montana, &c. ; Anthyllis
raontana, Artemisia glacialis, A. nana, A. argentea,
A. suavis, A. mutellina, and A. pedemontana,
Arctostaphylos officinalis, Aquilegia alpina, Arabis
scopolina, A. collina, A. bellidifolia, A. Halleri,
A. stricta, A. lucida, &c.; Astrantia major, A. minor,
A. helleborifolia, and A. gracilis ; Azalea procumbens
— always difficult to acclimatise and bring into flower;
a large number of species of Aster, Aubrietia,
Armeria, Cyclamen, and Ferns ; several species of
Cypripedium (which I do not succeed with in the
botanic garden, in consequence, I suppose, of the
humidity of our atmosphere), in admirable health.
There are also some fine specimens of Dracocepha-
lum, which are exceedingly effective ; a collection of
twenty-two species of Dianthus, including both alpine
and rock species ; various species of Erigeron, Draba
and Erica ; Eryngium alpinum, E. glaciale, and E.
Bourgati ; eight species of Genista ; ten species of
Geniiana, all alpine and Tyrolean ; a very fine col-
lection of Erodium and Geranium, among others G.
argenteum and G. cinereum, placed in dry situations,
fully exposed to the sun, where they are splendid.
There is also a rich collection of Hieracia, which,
however, Mr. Meyer intends removing from the
rockery, because they overrun it too freely, and are
diflicult to eradicate from a place that suits them.
Among the species of Iberis, I. jucunda is very con-
spicuous, and fully merits the title of one of the
prettiest of rock plants. Linaria hepaticrefolia adorns
every cleft in the rocks, and the shady part near the
spring. Then there are enormous tufts of Selaginella
helvetica in full fructification ; Mazus Pumilio,
Thymus lanuginosus, Merniaria glabra. Paronychia
argentea, various species of Sedum, and other trailing
and tufted plants clothe the sunny side of the rocks.
Here and there little alpine shrubs rise above the
other vegetation, adding to the picturesqueness of the
effect. Lonicera alpigena, Lithospermum pel^Kum,
Juniperus alpina, J. Sabina, various species of
Hypericum, Ononis Natrix, O. rotundifolia. Daphne
cneorum, D. alpina, D. Fortunei, D. Blagayana, D.
collina, and D. laurenla ; several species of Rosa and
Rubus, and the alpine Rhododendron, are represen-
tatives of this element.
Among the twenty-three species of Primula on this
rockery there are some, such as P. Clusiana, P. in-
termedia, and P. graveolens, which we have rarely
seen so fine. Among the seventy species of Saxifraga
there are likewise some very remarkable ones, though
there is not one that we do not find in the list of
Slansfield's collection, certainly the richest in exist-
ence. The same may be said of the collection of
Sedum and Sempervivum. A very pretty plant, which
cannot be too strongly recommended to cultivators, is
Scutellaria alpina, which is very effective. The genera
Viola, Veronica, and Senecio, are strongly repre-
sented. But a plant that particularly interested me
was Swertia pyrenaica, which I saw for the first time.
Among plants not indigenous in Switzerland, Mr.
Meyer has a large collection of eastern and southern
species flourishing on his rockery. He has also a
great variety from North America and the mountains of
Asia. All these plants succeed and flower wonder-
fully well, generally speaking much better than they
do in the Botanic Garden. What is the reason of
this? In the first place I think altitude has some-
thing to do with it, for Champel is the highest point
of our immediate neighbourhood. I believe, too,
that Mr. Meyer's dry and well drained rockery,
exposed to a much brighter light than we get at The
Bastions, is more advantageously situated and better
arranged than ours in the Botanic Garden, The
seeds of alpine plants ripen quicker and better than
with me. Further, the ground is more fertile, for it
is there where the Cedar of Lebanon is of which I
wrote in the Gardeners' Chronicle last year, and
which bears more cones than any other in Geneva.
The ground around this Cedar is covered with its
seedlings, and the walls of the neighbourhood are
also furnished with them. I never saw such a number
of young plants of this tree.
Around his great rockery, and below the road that
surrounds it, Mr. Meyer has constructed a vast flat
rockery, which half encircles it. This is furnished
with a selection of the most diverse and beautiful
herbaceous plants. Among them are various species
of Mertensia, Arnebia echioides, Antirrhinum, divers
Iris, a collection of species of Lilium, Pentstemon,
Digitalis, Chelone, &c., together with a rich assort-
ment of bog plants, such as Ledum, Kalmia, Andro-
meda, Erica, &c. H. Corevon, Bolanie Garden,
Geneva^
latitfs of lualts.
Plant Life. By Maxwell T. Masters, M.D.,
F.R.S. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co.
This forms one of " The Handbook of the Farm
Series," edited by Mr. J. Chalmers Morton. Its
cbject is to give a brief account of the life history of a
plant from birth to death. It comprises separate
chapters on the food of plants and the use they make
of it, on growth, sensitiveness, development, multi-
plication, decay, and death. One chapter is devoted
to the discussion of the "battle of life," as waged
by plants, and in which opportunity is taken to sum-
marise some of the results of the gigantic experi-
mental work carried on by Messrs. Lawes and Gilbert
for so many years. Another section is devoted to
certain inferences and suggestions for the considera-
tion of practical cultivators, based on what has pre- I
ceded. More than this it would not be fitting for
us to say ; we may, however, be permitted to remark
that though primarily addressed to farmers, it is, so
far as its scope allows, equally well suited for gar-
deners who wish to know something of the inner life
of the plants they grow.
Frog and Grubs.— A friend of mine, who loves
flowers, gardening, and Nature generally, and has
done good service to natural history, fed a medium-
sized frog, a few days ago, with six good fat larvK of
the daddy-long-legs (of which we have a pest in these
parts), and this after an earthworm, which he was
literally tucking in when found. He " pouched " the
sixth grub as smartly as he did the first, "and still
he sighed for more." For gardeners the moral of
this little story is obvious. A robin in my own gar-
den feeds himself and family largely on these " var-
mint." Do animals feeding on "such small deer"
derive pleasure from internal wriggles? T. I/anicIt
Harrisson, in the " Fiehi,"
I20
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 28, 18S3.
Royal Horticultural : July 24. — What with the
display of Carnations and Picotees organised by the
Southern section of the Societyjwhich exists for the
encouragement of the cultivation of these flowers, a
report of which follows ; a very remarkable exhibition
of tuberous Begonias^ made by Messrs. John Laing
& Co, and others ; a few good new plants, including
the gem of the season so far — a white Clematis Jack-
manni ; some superb specimen Orchids, from the col-
lection of Sir Trevor Lawrence ; interesting collec-
tions of Lettuces and Cabbages ; and a first-rate lot
of Potatos, shown in competition for prizes offered by
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, a capital little show was made
up, but we regret to say it was not patronised by
many visitors.
Floral Committee. — Present : G. F. Wilson,
Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. J. Mcintosh, H. Cannell,
J. Wills, J. Dominy, J. Hudson, J. James, H. Eck-
ford, J. Cutbush, J. Laing, G. Duflield, S. Hibberd,
H. Ridley, and H, Turner. From a cultural point of
view the grandest things exhibited at this meeting
were two specimens of the rare Necklace Orchid,
Renanthera Lowii, from Sir Trevor Lawrence. The
plants were from 2 — 3 feet high, perfect in foliage,
and bearing one six and the other four spikes of
flowers, the longest of which measured nearly 7 feet.
Also from Burford Lodge came a well grown example
of Grammatophyllum EUisii, with two immense
spikes of flowers ; a specimen of the beautiful but
difficult to grow Dendrobium M'Carthise, with eleven
spikes of lovely flowers ; a small plant with two
flowers of the new and rare white-flowered Angrrecum
Scottianum, figured in our number for July 31, 18S0,
p. 137 ; and handsome pitchers of Nepenthes san-
guinea, holding 17 ounces, and N. Mastersii, holding
14 ounces, of water. For all these good things, except
the Angr?ecum, Sir Trevor's gardener, Mr. Baxter,
received Cultural Commendations ; and the com-
mittee recommended that a Gold Medal should be
awarded to the group. From the cultural to the
decorative point of view is an easy stage, and here
we must give the palm to Mr, Charles Noble's
really valuable novelty. Clematis Jackmanni alba
(see p. 113.) Next to this as a decorative plant
must be placed Messrs. R. P. Ker & Sons' white
variegated variety of Ficus elastica. Variegated
India-rubber plants we have seen before, but not one
in which the variegation is so bold and clear, or the
green ground colour of so pleasing a shade. The
Messrs. Ker seem to have secured a good strain,
and, unless we are mistaken, it will take high rank
as a commercial plant, Mr. T, S. Ware received a
First-class Certificate for a pure lemon-yellow coloured
variety of Lilium pardalinum named Warei. Even
the stamens are yellow, and the plant differs also
from the type as shown in being considerably dwarfer.
Mr. Ware also exhibited and received a Certificate
for the old purple Calochortus macrocarpus, and cut
fruit bearing shoots of the native Actea spicata — the
red-berried variety. Messrs. Veitch & Sons exhibited
a white flowered variety of the Japanese Spiraea pal-
mata, which was also certificated ; and Mr. King
introduced to public notice some more of his new
Coleuses, Ellen Terry, a variety with deep crimson
coloured stems, and large pretty leaves of a pea-
green ground colour and crimson and white variega-
tion ; and Henry Irving, a remarkably effective
plant, rich purple-maroon, boldly margined with
golden-yellow, were both Certificated. Mr. Stevens
sent from Trentham Odontoglossum eugenes, a sup-
posed natural hybrid between O, Pescatorei and O.
triumphans, having the sepals and petals orange-
yellow, white in the centre and spotted with chestnut-
brown, and the lip white, also spotted with brown
and having a yellow blotch at the base. Mr. J.
Child, gr., Garbrand Hall, Ewell, staged a very fine
specimen of Cypripedium Stonei, the Garbrand Hall
variety, and received a Cultural Commendation.
Messrs. William Paul & Son exhibited cut blooms and
plants of two hybrid Tea climbing Roses, the one red,
the other rose-pink, and the latter sweetly scented.
Of the handsome groups of new tuberous Begonias
and the new varieties certificated, some more extended
remarks than can be made in this place will be found
at p. 104. Messrs. Cannell & Sons staged a small
group of well- flowered plants of their fine strain of
double-flowered Balsams ; and Messrs. James Cutbush
& Sons contributed an extensive assortment of Ivies,
shown in small basketfuls of small plants — a useful
and instructive contribution, for which they received
a Silver Banksian Medal.
Prizes were offered for stove and greenhouse Ferns,
Fuchsias, tuberous Begonias, and Gloxinias, but the
Begonias took the palm. Mr. Child had the best
Ferns ; Mr. J. Tong, gr. to J. S. Law, Esq., South-
gate, the best twelve Begonias ; and Mr. Child the
best Gloxinias.
The awards made were : —
First-class Certificates.
To Messrs. John Laing & Co., for Tuberous Begonia
Miss Turner.
To Messrs. John Laing & Co., for Tuberous Begonia
Mrs. Anson.
To Messrs. John Laing & Co., for Tuberous Begonia
Countess of Roslyn.
To Messrs. John Laing & Co,, for Tuberous Begonia
Stanstead Surprise.
To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Spiraea palmata alba.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for Lilium pardalinum Warei.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for Calochortus macrocarpus.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for Actasa spicata fructu rubro.
To Messrs. R. P. Ker & Sons, for Ficus elasticus albo-
variegatus.
To Mr. King, for Coleus Ellen Terry.
To Mr. King, for Coleus Henry Irving.
To Mr. Z. Stevens, for Odontoglossum eugenes.
To Mr. C. Noble, for Clematis Jackmanni alba.
To Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., for Angrascum
Scottianum.
Cultural Commendations.
To Mr. Baxter, gr. to Sir Trevor Lawrence, for Ren-
anthera Lowii.
To Mr. Baxter, gr. to Sir Trevor Lawrence, for Gram-
matophyllum Ellisii.
To Mr. Baxter, gr. to Sir Trevor Lawrence, for Den-
drobium M'Carthias.
To Mr. Baxter, gr. to Sir Trevor Lawrence, for
pitchers of Nepenthes sanguinea and N. Mastersii.
To Mr. J. Child, for Cypripedium Stonei, Garbrand
Hall variety.
Fruit Committee.— Present H. Webb, Esq., in
the chair. Messrs. A. W. Sutton, J. Willard, J.
Burnett, S. Lyon, T. Laxton, G. Goldsmith, R. D.
Blackmore, L. A. Killick, S. Ford, P. Crowley, J.
Smith, and J, Roberts. The best novelties shown at
this meeting were a new Broad Bean and a new
Tomato. The former, which came from Mr. Laxton,
and bears the name of John Harrison, is the result of
a cross between Mazagan and Aqua-dulce, grows 2 — 3
feet high, and bears long, well-filled, straight pods,
almost down to the ground. The best addition that
has been made to the Longpods for some time. The
Tomato, Bowerman's Prolific, came from Mr. J.
Bowerman, Basingtoke, a large smooth red, of ex-
cellent flavour, and stated to be a good cropper.
Mr. Laxton also exhibited samples of a new
Pea, British Lion, a second early blue wrinkled
variety, growing 2 feet high, and from Omega
crossed with Telephone. Beauty of Parterre
is the name of a good sample of curled
Parsley shown by Messrs. H, Cannell & Sons. Mr.
Ford, Leonardslee, exhibited some ripe fruits of the
Monstera deliciosa, and seedling Melons came from
Mr. Ward, Longford Castle ; Mr, Hughes, Eydon
Hall, Byfleet ; and Mr. Ford. A large wedge-
shaped seedling Strawberry, named Duchess of Edin-
burgh, and said to have been raised between Sir
J. Paxton and Oscar, came from Mr. D. Brown,
Linthorpe, Middlesborough-on-Tees. Mr. Roberts,
gr., Gunnersbury Park, showed three finely finished
bunches each of Madresfield Court and Foster's
Seedling Grapes, for which he was awarded a Silver
Medal. Mr. Mortimer, gr., Purley Park, Reading,
exhibited two or three brace of his seedling Purley
Park Cucumber, which was considered a good
market variety, and is to be grown at Chiswick.
An excellent representative lot of Lettuces came from
Messrs. Veitch & Sons, containing all the best known
kinds in both classes, as well as a few that are seldom
grown. Those among the Cos sorts that were in good
condition were Veitch's Superb White, apparently a
selected White Paris, a Paris Grey, and Paris Green,
The sorts named Blood Red and Green Royal Winter
are newer than the above-named, and are seemingly
heavy, large sorts. Of Cabbage sorts, of which forty-
three were shown, were some capital heavy and com-
pact examples in Passe Partout, Large Normandy,
Improved Spotted, Green Unctuous, Perpignaner,
Brown Genoa, and Wonder.
The awards made were : —
First-class Certificates.
To Mr. T. Laxton, for Longpod Bean John Har-
rison.
To Mr. J. Bowerman, for Tomato Bowerman's Pro-
lific.
In the competition for Messrs. Sutton & Sons'
prizes for the best three heads of Cabbages, the ist
was awarded to Mr. W. Meads, The Gardens, Becket
Park, Shrivenham, for Wheeler's Imperial ; 2d,
Mr. G. Summers, The Gardens, Sandback Park,
Rotherham ; 3d, Mr. H. E. Gribble, Cannon Hill,
Maidenhead. In the competition for Messrs. Sutton's
prizes for collections of early Potatos some excellent
examples of most of the well-known popular kinds
were shown, which proved that in the south of the
kingdom the season had been not unfavourable to
Potato culture. Mr. Ward, Longford Castle Gardens,
Salisbury, ist, with splendid examples of the follow-
ing kinds — Early Border, Vicar of Laleham, Sutton's
Prizetaker, Schoolmaster, International Kidney,
Reading Russet, which weighed in the aggregate
31 lb. II oz. ; 2d, Mr. Hughes, gr. to Col. Cartwright,
Eydon Hall, Byfield, whose lot contained capital
White Emperor and Wonderful, red kidney j 3d, Mr.
F. Miller, gr. to J. T. Friend, Esq., Northdown,
Margate ; 4th, Mr. G. T, Miles, Wycombe Abbey.
Messrs. Sutton & Sons' prize for the best dish of any
round Potato was taken by Mr. W. Meads, with
Henderson's Prolific ; and for the best kidney by Mr.
H. E. Gribble, Cannon Hill, with Cosmopolitan.
Messrs. Carter & Co.'s prize for the best six dishes
of Tomatos was awarded to Mr. R. Phillips, gr., The
Deodars, Meopham, Kent, whose lot contained
Trophy, Perfection, Carter's Green Gage, Dedhara
Favourite, Vick's Criterion, and Large Red, which
were without exception perfectly ripe and of a medium
The National Carnation and Picotee
(Southern Section) : July 24. — On this occasion
the Southern growers were the only competitors, it
being two or three weeks too early for any of the
Northern men to be able to put in an appearance ; but
it was a very good and interesting exhibition ; the
flowers were numerous, generally of good size, fine in
petal, pure in the ground, and well marked. In some
of the classes there was a fine set-to between Messrs.
Dodwell, Turner, and Douglas, the former scoring
the best honours with Carnations, the two latter with
Picotees. It is possible that if the show had been held
a week later there would have been more compe-
titors, and possibly this will happen at Slough on
Tuesday next. There was a good representation of
the various classes of flowers, and as a raiser Mr,
Dodwell shone conspicuously in the Carnation classes.
The rich self-coloured flowers were much admired by
visitors ; some of the Cloves were distinguished by
singularly brilliant hues. The fancy Picotees make
an attractive class, and all tastes found some gratifi-
cation on this occasion.
Prizes were offered for the two best seedlings in
each class of Carnations and Picotees. What awards
were made were as follows : — Rose Flake : 1st, Rob
Roy (R. Gorton), a new variety, of splendid quality,
not yet sent out ; 2d, Robin Hood (Dodwell), also
very promising. C.B. : ist, Thomas Moore, Jun.
(Dodwell), an attractive variety. Purple Flake : 1st,
Squire Whitbourn (Dodwell), a flower of fine proper-
ties. First-class Certificates of Merit were awarded
to Henry Cannell (Dodwell), a very fine scarlet flake,
remarkable for its superb glow of colour, shown by
both Mr. Dodwell and Mr. Douglas j and to Rob
Roy (Gorton), rose flake. A very large and interest-
ing collection of blooms of Carnations, Picotees, and
Cloves, comprising eight boxes of flowers, was shown
by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Exotic Nursery,
Chelsea ; and First-class Certificates of Merit were
awarded to two of the Cloves, viz.. Royal Purple, a
bright purple variety, of a very pleasing shade of
colour and good petal ; and Sir Beauchamp Seymour,
orange-buff ground, flaked and edged with pale red.
Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons also sent five boxes of
Carnations and Picotees, not for competition, Mr,
H, G. Smyth had a box of blooms of his fine carmine
self, Mary Morris, of a striking hue of colour.
Carnations. — Twenty-four blooms, not less than
twelve dissimilar varieties. — ist, E. S. Dodwell, Esq.,
Stanley Road, Oxford, with S. B. Edward Adams (Dod-
well), a fine new variety ; Robert Lord (Dodwell), a fine
large smooth flower, rich in colour ; James Mcintosh
(Dodwell), very brilliant and striking ; and Fred (Dod-
well), Crimson bizarres : Master Fred ( Hewitt), full
size, fine form, smooth and handsomely marked ; James
Merryweather and Rifleman (Wood). Pink and purple
bizarres : Sarah Payne (Wood). Purple flakes : James
Douglas (Simonite), and Sarah Payne, beautiful m this
form. Scarlet flakes : Mrs. Carter (Dodwell), very fine ;
Stephen Brown (Dodwell), very fine ; and Henry Can-
nell (Dodwell). Rose flakes : Sybil (Holmes), Delicata
(Dodwell), John Keet (Whitehead), and Tim Bobbin
(Dodwell). Equal 2d, Mr. J. Doug:las, gr. to F. Whit-
bourn, Esq., Ilford, with S. B. Admiral Cnrzon (Eason),
very tine in colour ; Arthur Medhurst (Dodwell), Fred,
and Edward Adams. Crimson bizarres : Horace K,
Mayor (Dodwell), Squire Llewelyn (Dodwell), very fine ;
and William Skirving (Dodwell). Pink and purple
bizarres ; Sarah Payne, Purple flakes : James Douglas,
Florence Nightingale, and Mayor of Nottingham
(Taylor). Scarlet flakes : Sportsman and Henry
Cannell. Rose flakes : Robin Hood, John Keet,
Sybil, and James Mcintosh. Equal 2d, Mr. Charles
Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough, with S.B. George
(Dodwell), Robert Lord, and Arthur Medhurst; C.B.
William Skirving, E. S. Dodwell (Hewitt), a finely
formed flower ol excellent substance : and Rifleman ;
P. and P.B. Squire Penson (Dodwell}, a magnificent
flower, perfect in all its parts : Sarah Payne, and Squire
Llewelwyn ; P.F. Sir Garnet Wolseley (Dodwell), and
Florence Nightingale ; S,F. John Ball (Dodwell),
Clipper (Fletcher), and Jupiter (Abercrombie) ; R.F.
Rob Roy (Gorton), very fine, Jessica (Turner), John
Keet, and Mrs. Bridgewater. 3d, Mr. H, Hooper,
Bath ; 4th, Mr. J. Hines, Ipswich. Five collections
were shown in this class, duplicate varieties being present
in each.
Twelve blooms of Carnations, dissimilar. — ist, E, S.
Dodwell, Esq. , with S. B. James Mcintosh, Robert
Lord, and Admiral Curzon ; C.B. E. S. Dodwell and
July 2S, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
121
Master Fred ; P.P.B. Sarah Payne ; P.F. Sarah Payne,
Florence Nightingale, and James Douglas ; S.F. S.
Brown ; R.F. Sybil and Mrs. Matthews, a finely formed
flower of good parts. 2d, Mr. J. Douglas, with S, B.
Admiral Curzon and Edward Adams ; C. B. Mr. Barlow
(Douglas); P.P.B. Squire Llewelyn and William
Skirving ; P.F. Sporting Lass, bright and effective, and
Florence Nightingale; S.F.Qipper and Sportsman ; R.F.
Sybil and John Keet. 3d, Mr. J. Lackin, Oxford. .|,th,
T. Burnaby Atkins, Esq., Halstcad Place, Sevenoaks ;
5th, Mr. J. nines ; 6th, Mr. J. Buxton, Clapham.
Six blooms of Carnations, dissimilar. — ist, Master
Stanley Dodwell, Oxford, with S. B. Ben Simonite {Dod-
well), and Robert Lord; C.B. Mr. Carter (Dodwell),
and Stanley Hudson (Dodwell) ; S.F. Mrs. Carter.;
P.F. Sarah Payne. 2d, M. Rowan, Esq., with S.B.
Edward Adams and George ; C. B. Squire Dodwell (Dod-
well) ; and Squire Llewelyn ; F^F. Mayor of Nottingham,
and S.F. Annihilator ; 3d, Mr. W. Meddick, Bath ; 4th,
Mr. W. Slack, Chesterfield.
Single specimens: S. B. — ist, Mr. C. Turner, with
Philip Thomas (Dodwell), a fine smooth flower of ex-
cellent qualities ; 2d, 3d, and 5tli, Mr. J. Douglas, with
Admiral Curzon ; 4th, IVIr. E. S. Dodwell, with James
Mcintosh. C.B. : ist, Mr. C. Turner, with E. S. Dod-
well ; and 2d, with the same ; 3d, Mr. E. S. Dodwell, with
J. D. Hextall (Simonite) ; 4th, Mr. C. Turner, with Rifle-
man ; 5th, Mr. James Douglas, with Thomas Moore, Jun.
P.P.B. : ist, Mr. C. Turner, with Squire Penson ; 2d,
Mr. ]. Douglas, with Sarah Payne ; 3d, Mr. E. S. Dod-
well, with Sir Garnet Wolselcy ; 4th, Mr. J. Douglas,
with Sarah Payne ; 5th, Mr. E. S. Dodwell, with Sarah
Payne. P.F. : isl, Mr. J. DougUis, with James Douglas ;
2d, Mr. E. S. Dodwell, with the same ; 3d, Mr. J.
Douglas, with Seedling No. 3 ; 4th, Mr. J. Douglas,
with Florence Nightingale ; and 5th, the same, with a
seedling. S.F. : ist, Mr. C. Turner, with Clipper ; 2d,
Mr. J. Douglas, with Sportsman ; and 3d with the same ;
4th, Mr. E. S. Dodwell, with Seedling ; 5th, Mr. J.
Douglas, with Sportsman. R.F. : ist, Mr. E. S. Dod-
well, with Sybil ; 2d, Mr. C. Turner, with Rob Roy (R,
Gorton) ; 3d, Mr. J. Douglas, with John Keet ; 4th,
Mr. J. Douglas, with Sybil ; and 5th, Mr. C. Turner,
with Rob Roy.
PiCOTEES. — Twenty-four blooms, not less th.in twelve
dissimilar varieties. — 1st, Mr. C. Turner, with heavy red
edges — Dr. Epps, Dr. Abercrombie (Fellowes), Pic-
turata (Fellowes), Monarch (Turner), new, very promis-
ing ; and Mrs. Norman (Norman). Light Red: Mrs.
Bower (Bower) ; Heavy Purple Edge : Princess Dagmar
(Balten); Light Purple: Her Majesty (Addis), Clara
Penson (WiUmer), and Mr. Tutton (Payne) ; Heavy
Rose-edge ; Louisa (Addis), Constance Heron (Fellowes),
a large flower, heavily margined with bright scarlet ;
and Mrs. Rudd ; Light Rose : Empress P^ugi^nie (Kirt-
land), Lucy (Addis), and Daisy (Dodwell). 2d, Mr. J.
Douglas, with H. Red E.J. B. Bryant (Ingram). John
Smith (Bower), and Princess of Wales ; L. Red E : Mrs.
Bower, Mrs. Gorton, Violet Douglas (Simonite), and
Thomas Williams (Fellowes) ; H. Purple E. : Olive Mary
and Mrs. Chancellor (Turner) ; L. Purple E. ; Ann
Lord, Jessie, Her Majesty, Clara Penson, and Nymph
(Lord) ; Heavy Rose E. : Mrs. Payne (Fellowes), Edith
Dombrain, Royal Visit (Abercrombie), Constance Heron,
and Miss Lee. 3d, Mr. E. S. Dodwell ; 4th, Mr. H.
Hooper ; 5th, Mr. J. Hines.
Twelve blooms of Picotees, dissimilar. — ist, Mr. J.
Douglas, H. Red J. B. Bryant, Princess of Wales ;
L. Red Ethel; H.P. Mrs. Chancellor. Zerlina (Lord);
L.P. Mrs. Bower, Her Majesty, and Nymph ; H, Rose
Constance Heron ; L. Rose Mrs. Aldcroft and Mrs.
Payne. 2d, Mr. E. S. Dodwell, with H. Red John
Smith, and Countess of Wilton ; L. Red Winnifred
Esther (Dodwell); H.P. Novelty (Matthews), and
Muriel (Hewitt), a broad purple edge, smooth, and of
good substance ; H. Rose Mrs. Rudd, Edith Dombrain,
and Mrs. Payne,; ^L.P. Tinnie (Dodwell) and Jessie;
L. Red Mrs. Gorton and Ethel. 3d, Mr. J. Hines ; 4th,
Mr. J. Buxton ; 5th, Mr. W. Slack.
Six blooms of Picotees, dissimilar. — ist. Master Stanley
Dodwell, with H. Red John Smith, H.P. Mrs. Niven,
L.P. AUce (Lord) and Her Majesty, Rose Edith Dom-
brain, L. Rose Miss Wood; 2d, Mr. J. Lacken, with
H. Red Countess of Wilton, H,P. Alliance, H. Rose
Mrs. Rudd. L. Red Clara, L.P, Minnie, L. Rose
Elegance; 3d, T. T. B, Atkins, Esq. ; 4th, M. Rowan,
Esq.
Single specimens. — Heavy Red : ist, Mr. C. Turner,
with Picturata ; 2d, do., do. ; and 3d, with Dr. Aber-
crombie ; 4th, Mr. |. Douglas, with Princess of Wales ;
5th, Mr. J. Douglas, with John Smith. Light Red :
1st, Mr. E. S. Dodwell, with Mrs. Gorton ; 2d, Mr. C.
Turner, with Clara ; 3d, Mr. C. Turner, with Mrs.
Bower ; 4th, do. do. ; 5th, Mr. J. Douglas, with Mrs.
Gorton. Heavy Purple : 1st, 2d, and 4th, Mr. J.
Douglas, with Mrs. Chancellor ; 3d, Mr. C. Turner,
with Zerlina ; 5th, Mr. {. Douglas, with Olive Mary.
Light Purple : ist, Mr. C. Turner, with Ann Lord ; 2d,
MrJ. Douglas, with Baroness Burdett Coults ; 3d, Mr.
C. Turner, with Evelyn (Fellowes), pure white ground
and broad smooth petals ; 4th, Mr. J. Douglas, with
Baroness Burdett-Coutts ; sth, Mr. J. Douglas, with
Nymph. Heavy Rose E. : ist, Mr. C. Turner, with
Mrs. Payne ; 2d, do., do.; 3d, Mr. J. Douglas, with the
same ; 4th, Mr. C.Turner, with Louisa ; sth, Mr. E. S.
DodweU, with Edith Dombrain. Light Rose : 1st, and
2d, and 4th, Mr. C. Turner, with Lucy ; 3d, Mr. J.
Douglas, with Mrs. Aldcroft ; 5th, Mr. E. S. Dodwell,
with L'Elegante. Yellow grounds : 1st, 2d, and 5th,
Mr. J. Douglas, with Prince of Orange ; 3d and 4th,
Mr. C. Turner, with Janira, a heavy-edged variety.
Self, iancy, or yellow ground Picotees. — Twenty-four
blooms : ist, Mr. C. Turner, with Crimson Selfs Egyptian
King, Robert Lord, flamed with maroon ; Scarlet
Whipper-in, flaked with crimson ; Rufus and Matador,
Rose Jessica and Rob Roy ; Purple Elegant ; White
Duchess of Connaught and W. P. Milner ; Pink Rosa
Bonheur, very delicate and pretty ; Yellow Lady Cath-
cart and Edith ; Flaked Conqueror, Janira, 'riiomas
Moore ; Pale Lilac-Rose flaked with Maroon Arthur
Medhurst ; White-flaked Crimson and Enchantress.
3d, Mr. J. Lacken, Oxford ; 3d, Mr. J. Douglas ; 4th,
Mr. H. Hooper ; 5th, Mr. H. Catley, Bath. Class K,
twelve blooms, sclfs, iancies, or yellow grounds. — ist,
Mr. E. S. Dodwell, with Crimson Mulatto, Scarlet
Henry Canncll ; Rose Mr. Southgate, and Mr. Dod-
well ; White The Bride ; Purple Florence Nightmgale ;
flaked Harlequin, Sarah Payne, Hewson Morris, Mrs.
Carter, very fine ; Titania, and Hector. 2d, Master
Stanley Dodwell.
Twelve blooms of yellow ground Picotees, not less
than six blooms to be dissimilar. — 1st, Mr. C. Turner,
with Janira, liullion, Grandis, Coronation Plate, Lady
Biddulph, and Plavia. 2d, Mr. H. Hooper ; 3d, Mr.
H. Cattley.
Specimen plants in pots, nine in bloom, the pots not
to exceed 8 inches in diameter. — ist, Mr. C. Turner, with
some capital examples, including Carnations Dr.
Cronin, {upiter. Miss Erskine Wemyss, and Guards-
man : Picotees, Her Majesty and Dr. Abercrombie ;
Clove, Duchess of Connaught ; Fancy Picotee, Lady
Cathcart. 2d, Mr. J. Douglas, with Carnations Fred,
Rose of Stapleford, Sarah Payne, George and Florence
Nightingale ; Picotees, J. B. Bryant, and Norfolk
Beauty ; Cloves, Bride and the Queen, both white.
The premier Carnation was Squire Penson (Dodwell),
P.P.B., a very fine flower, pure white ground, finely
coloured, the marking very distinct ; shown by Mr. C.
Turner. The premier Picotee was Mrs. Gorton, (Simon-
ite), light red edge, pure ground, a true scarlet edge,
very pure in the ground — and it is difficult to get the
ground pure in this class, as there is always a tendency
to come with a yellow or fleshy tint ; shown by Mr. J.
Douglas.
Torquay Horticultural : July 18.— The annual
Rose and summer show of this Society was held in the
winter gardens under favourable circumstances in regard
to weather and the other surroundings which tend to the
success of such occasions. The entries were large, and,
with few exceptions, the productions staged were exceed-
ingly good, although, so far as one ol the most interest-
ing departments of the show was concerned, namely, the
cut Roses, there was, as a result of an unpropitious sea-
son, some falling off in quaUty. The nurserymen had a
very strong representation, and probably their stands
would have been still more numerous but for the circum-
stance that another Rose show, with a rich prize-list, was
being held on the same day in the North of England ;
but The amateur display was not so large as might have
been desired and expected, bearing in mind the number
of growers in the district, and the reputation which
Torquay has as a Rose-growing centre. The exhibits
were not viewed under the most agreeable circumstances,
the air in the vast glazed building being unpleasantly
warm, and the light too vivid. The well-known growers,
Messrs. Curtis, Sandford & Co., had some exceedingly
rich and perfect blooms, very much admired by all
visitors. Mr. Robson, a successful floriculturist, was
fortunate with a remarkably handsome collection of
blooms, which were not for competition, but the
merits of which received recognition at the hands of
the judges by the award of a First-class Certificate.
In almost every instance there was something which
especially recommended the blooms which were shown,
and the whole were characterised by strength of growth
and purity of colour. One of the choicest trays was that
of Messrs. Lucombe. Pince & Co., the subjects being
Tea Roses (Niphetos). beautihil in their delicate structure
and rare tone. Away from the Rose classes, Mr. Morton
Sparke's collection of Orchids was exceedingly attractive.
Among the contributions from nurserymen. Begonias
were noted as very choice, and their beauty would lead
one to suppose that they occupied a higher position in
the opinion of horticulturists than seems to be the actual
case. There was a nice assortment of Pelargoniums, and
stove plants and Orchids generally were very good.
There was a small show of fruit and vegetables, but the
specimens were well grown, and universally of high
quality. The well-laden stands of the nurserymen, occu-
pied as they were with admirably chosen plants and
flowers, contributed very materially to the general effect
and success of the show. The following had large
assortments ; — Mr. W. B. Smale, Barton Nursery,
Torquay ; Messrs. Lucombe, Pince <S: Co., Exeter ;
Messrs. Veitch & Co., Exeter ; Messrs. PhiUips & Co.,
Torbay Nurseries, Torquay ; and Mr. W, Burridge,
Paignton. The attendance of visitors, especially in the
evening, was remarkably good. Torquay Times.
HONEYSUCKLE.
F"iRST a cloud of fragrance. Then one sees
Coronets of ivory, coral, and gold,
Full of luscious treasure for the bees,
In their hedgerow wreathage manifold
Clustering, or outswinging at their ease,
Watching in the hayfield those who hold
Scythe and rake, or overpeering bold
Dusty waylarers 'twixt roadside trees.
Honeysuckle-scented Summer Night !
Leaves above and dewy woods around.
Save the whirring nightjar not a sound.
Save the tender-burning stars no light, —
Thou hast hid thy lovers out of sight,
Bower'd, or wandering through enchanted ground.
Williom Ailini/iam, in the '' Atlutnrum."
PLANT PORTRAITS.
BiLBERGIATIIYRSOIDEA SI'LENDIDA, Rcvuc Horti-
cole^ July I. — A magnificent Bromeliad, with club-
shaped spikes of scarlet flowers, tipped with violet,
and supported by large bracts of brilliant scarlet.
Campanula Jacou.ka, Chr. Smith ; Hook, f., in
Bot, Mag., t. 6703. — A very curious shrubby species,
from the Cape de Verde Islands. The whole plant is
more or less hairy, the leaves lanceolate ; the nodding
bell-shaped purple flowers, I^ inch long, are borne on
long stalks, which, if the figure be correct, are in some
instances opposite to the leaves — an unusual position
in this genus. The plant is one of many Northern
types growing in a tropical archipelago, and which
indicate the former existence of a land communication
with Madeira and the Azores.
Cakaguata Fiikstenbergiana, Kirchoff and
Wittmack, Car/en Zc'ititng, 1S83. — A tufted Brome-
liad, with long linear lance-shaped leaves and dense
elongated spikes of rose- pink bracts, enveloping
flowers of a bluish colour. Ecuador.
Eranthemumborneense, Hook, f., in Bot. Mag.,
t. 6701. — A stove shrub, introduced from Borneo to
Messrs. Veitch's establishment by Mr. Curtis. It
has broadly lanceolate leaves, and terminal clusters of
irregular white flowers.
Grevillea ruNiCEA, R. Br. ; Hook, f., in Bol,
Ma^., t. 6698. — A New Holland shrub, with rigid,
hairy shoots ; leaves subsessile, lanceolate ; flowers
scarlet, in spreading tufts at the ends of the branches,
Hort. Kew,
IMPATIENS SULTANI, Hook. f., Illiisl. Hortuole,
t. 488.
Saxifraga marginata, Sternberg; Hook, f., in
Bot. Mag., t. 6702. — A Grecian species, with small
tufted oblong-acute leaves, studded with deposits of
lime, and erect cymes of white flowers.
ToRENIA FLAVA, Hamilton ; Hook, f., in Bot,
Mag., t. 6700. — This is the T. Bailloni of recent|pub-
lications.
©ijttttars.
The deepest regret has been (elt throughout South
Germany at the death of Dr. GusTAV Hever, Pro-
fessor of Forestry at the University of Munich, who
was accidentally drowned while making a flying pro-
fessional excursion to Furstenfeldbruck, in the neigh-
bourhood of the Bavarian capital. He was regarded
as the most eminent authority in Germany on all
matters connected with trees and forestry, and was
universally beloved for his modest, cheerful character,
and his amiable and benevolent disposition. He was
fifty-seven years of age. He was the type of a prac-
tical scientific man who will not allow devotion to his
own special pursuits to blind him to the usefulness of
other studies^ or ignore the advantages that come
from breadth of training. He was born in 1S26 at
Giessen, where his father was Professor. His Univer-
sity course was so successful that in 1S53 he became
Extraordinary Professor of Forestry, and four years
later Ordinary Professor. In this position his reputa-
tion rose so quickly and so high that pupils flocked
to him from every part of Germany, and even from
foreign countries ; and it is no exaggeration to say
that in connection with forestry he occupied in the eyes
of his countrymen a position analogous to that held by
Liebig towards scientific agriculture, in iS5S the
Prussian Government induced him to accept the
direction of their newly-founded Academy of Forestry
at Miinden, which he speedily brought into the front
rank of technical educational institutions. While at
Miinden he published his Handbook of Forest Eionoiny,
as a Matter of Stale Concern. It is looked upon as
one of the most important works on the subject. In
1875 he received most tempting ofi'ers to become head
of the Forest section of the Academy of Agriculture at
Vienna, but he refused. In 1S78, at the instance of
the Bavarian Government, he accepted the Professor-
ship of Forestry at the University of Munich. He
had been an enthusiastic advocate of University educa-
tion for foresters, and he saw the advantages his new
position would give him for developing the status, so
to say, of his profession. At Munich his reputation
grew year by year, keeping pace with the esteem with
which he was universally regarded. His special ser-
vice is perhaps, that he founded a school of students
who pursue the science of forestry according to the
same methods which are employed in the other
sciences of experiment and observation. The Times,
122
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..
[July 28, 1883.
THE INLAND PARCELS POST.
The Inland Parcels Post will commence on Wednes-
day, August I, on and from whicli day parcels not
exceeding 7 lb. in weight will be received at any post-
office for transmission between places in the United
Kingdom.
In order that a packet may go by parcels post it must
be tendered (or transmission as a parcel, and should
bear the words " Parcels Post," which should be clearly
written in the left-hand top corner.
Every post-office will be open to the public for parcels
post business on week days during the same hours as for
general postal business. No parcels post business will, asa
rule, be transacted in England or Ireland on Sundays,
Christmas Days, and Good Fridays ; nor in Scotland on
Sundays and Sacramental Fast Days.
The following are the principal conditions and regu-
lations : —
The size allowed for an inland postal parcel will be—
Greatest length 3 feet 6 inches.
Greatest length and girth combined .. 6 feet.
For example —
A parcel measuring 3 feet 6 inches in its lonEest dimensions
may measure as much as 2 feet 6 inches in girth, i.e.,
round its thickest part ; or —
A shorter parcel may be thicker ; thus, —if it measure no more
than 3 feet in length, it may measure as much as 3 feet
in girth, i.e.^ round its thickest part.
The rates of postage will be, — for a parcel : —
Not exceeding i lb. in weight . . . . . . -^d.
Exceeding 1 lb. and not exceeding 3 lb. . . td.
3 lb. „ „ sib. .. 9^.
M 5 lb. ,, „ 7 lb. .. ij.
No parcel will be accepted which weighs more than
7 lb., or is not sufficiently paid. The postage must,
in all cases, be paid in advance, and by ordinary postage
stamps, which must be affixed by the sender before
tendering a parcel for transmission by parcels post at a
post-office.
Posting of Parcels. — Parcels must not be posted in a
letter box, but must be taken into a post-office and
handed over the counter. Care must be taken that
every parcel bears a clear address. If a parcel be posted
in a letter box it will not be forwarded by parcels post,
but will be treated as a letter, or as a book packet if it
can pass under book post regulations. The address of
a parcel must be clearly written, either on the outer
wrapper or on a separate address label securely fastened
to the parcel ; and the necessary stamp or stamps, to
pre-pay the postage, must in all cases be placed (as in
the case of letters) close above the address.
Forbidden Articles; Treatment of Perishable and
Dafigeroiis Articles ; and Parcels which must be
Refused. — Parcels which bear on the outside any writing
or drawing of an indecent or offensive nature, or within
which any contents of a like nature may be observed, and
parcels containing gunpowder, cartridges, lucifer
matches, or anything explosive or liable to sudden com-
bustion, bladders containing liquid, live animals, grossly
offensive or filthy matter, and anything in a condition
likely to injure other parcels, or any officer of the post-
office, are prohibited. If any such parcel be tendered
for posting, it will be refused, or, il detected in transit, it
will be detained. Parcels containing fish, game, meat,
eggs, &c., or razors, scissors, needles, knives, forks, or
other sharp instruments, will not be accepted unless
securely packed so as to guard against risk of injury to
other parcels. Liquids, or semi-liquids, such as jellies,
pickles, paint, varnish, &c., will not be accepted unless
in bottles or cans securely stoppered ; nor powders unless
so packed that they cannot escape in transmission.
Bottles, or glass in any form, will be accepted only when
so packed as to be secure Irom breakage. If a parcel be
tendered in a damaged or insecure condition, or in a con-
dition likely to injure other parcels or any officer of the
post-office, it will be refused. If a parcel in such condi-
tion should be observed in transit, it will, if possible, be
made secure and sent forward ; but, if it cannot be
so secured, it will be detained. Parcels known to contain
a letter, packet, or parcel, intended for delivery at an
address other than that borne on the parcel itself, are
prohibited.
Parcels to ajidfrom the Channel Islands and the Isle
of Man. — Parcels addressed to the Channel Islands
(Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and the adjacent
inhabited islets) will be received from the public under
the same general conditions with regard to weight and
size, and at the same rates of postage, as parcels for
all other portions of the United Kingdom ; but as the
Channel Islands, in relation to the Customs laws of the
United Kingdom, are subject to the same restrictions as
foreign countries, such parcels will be liable to Customs
examination at the port of arrival, and the sender will be-
required to make a declaration of contents upon a special
form provided for the purpose at the office where the
parcel may be posted. Goods intended to be ware-
housed in the Channel Islands, or on which it is intended
to claim " drawback " of duty on subsequent exportation
from the Channel Islands, will not be accepted for trans-
mission by parcels post. Parcels for the Isle of Man will
be treated in all respects in the same way as parcels for
places in the United Kingdom generally. They will be
liable to examination by the officers of Customs ; but
the sender is not (as in the case of the Channel Islands)
called upon to furnish a declaration of contents. The
Customs laws of the United Kingdom do not admit of
the use of the parcels post for the introduction into Great
Britain of tobacco in any form.
Parcels addressed to a Post-offi.cc to be called for. — To
those post-offices to which letters may be addressed to
be called for parcels may also be addressed to be
called for. There is no private box delivery of
parcels, but parcels may be obtained as follows, on ap-
plication at a post-office, provided the postmaster is
satisfied of the identity of the applicant :— 1. By persons
having parcels addressed to a post-office. 2. By persons
not residing within a free delivery. 3. By persons
residing within the free delivery of a head office, or of
any rural post, so far as regards parcels for which there
is no immediate delivery by the usual means. 4. By
members of the miUtary, naval, constabulary, and coast
guard services, under the same rule as applies to the
delivery of their letters. Parcels addressed to a post-
office to be called for, or to a person residing beyond
the free postal delivery, will be kept three weeks.
Parcels addressed to a ship will be kept one month. If,
however, such a parcel contains perishable matter it will
be kept only forty-eight hours ; and should it become
offensive it may be disposed of at any time as the Post-
master-General may direct.
Parcels Liable to Demierrage. — Parcels addressed to a
post-office "to be called for," and only such parcels,
are liable to a demurrage (detention) charge, if not
called for within a certain time, at the rate of irf. a day
after they have remained in the office one clear day,
counting as a day the period during which the office is
ordinarily open to the public. Thus a parcel arriving
after the opening of the office on a Monday becomes hable
to demurrage if not called for before the closing of the
office on Tuesday night, and if delivered on Wednesday
the charge will be id. ; one penny being added for each
succeeding day, or part of a day. No charge will be
made in respect of Sundays, Christmas Days, Good
Fridays, or Bank Holidays, ia England or Ireland ; nor
in respect of Sundays, Bank Holidays, and Sacramental
Fast-days in Scotland. No demurrage will be charged
on parcels addressed to persons residing outside the
hmits of the free delivery, or to persons on board ship.
Re-direction of Parcels. — On receipt of a properly
signed authority, a parcel may be re-directed under the
following regulations :— If the re-direction be from one
place to another within the same delivery, the parcel, not
having been delivered, and being re-directed by an
officer of the department, is liable to no charge for re-
direction ; but if re-directed by any person other than an
officer of the department, or to an address in another
delivery, it is liable to additional postage at the full pre-
paid rate for each re-direction. If it has not been de-
livered and is re-directed by an officer of the department,
prepayment for re-direction is not compulsory, but a
parcel which has been delivered as addressed will not be
accepted for re-transmission unless the postage for re-
direction be prepaid.
Returned Parcels. — In order to facilitate the return of
parcels which cannot be delivered, it is most desirable
that the name and address of the sender should appear
on the outside o( every parcel. If a parcel which
cannot be delivered bears on the cover the name and
address of the sender, a printed notice will be sent
to him by post, informing him that the parcel (if
not claimed in the meantime by the addressee) will
be given up to him or to any person whom he may
direct to call for it, or will be returned to him by post.
If the parcel should be c:i.lled for by the sender or his
agent, or if it should be returned to him by post, it will
be liable to a charge of id. for each day or part of a day
after the expiration of two clear days following that on
which the notice has been sent. If the sender should
elect to have the parcel sent back to him by post he
must return the printed notice, with stamps sufficient to
cover new postage at the full rale, and also to cover any
other charges to which the parcel may be liable, in-
cluding the charge of id. a day described above. The
parcel will then be forwarded to him prepaid by stamps
affixed thereon. If no reply be received within six days
after the date of the notice, or if the Postmaster should
have reason to believe that application is made for the
parcel by a person who is neither the sender nor the
addressee nor duly authorised by either, or if the sender
fail to pay the charges due on the parcel the parcel will
be sent to the Returned Letter Office. If a parcel which
cannot be delivered does not bear on the cover the name
and address of the sender it will be sent to the Returned
Letter Office, where it will be opened and examined.
If upon such examination the name and address of the
sender are ascertained, a printed notice such as is
described above will be sent to him, and; the parcel, will
be treated in the same manner as a parcel upon the
cover of which the name and address of the sender
appears. If the name and address of the sender cannot
be ascertained from the examination of the parcel, the
name of the addressee of such parcel, and the post-office
at which it was posted will be entered on a list, which
will be exhibited in a conspicuous position at the
Returned Letter Office of the district for inspection by
the public. Personal applications for parcels entered on
such lists will be entertained for three months from the
date of entry, after which the parcels will be finally
disposed of.
Parcels Without Address. — Parcels found without
addresses will be sent at once to the proper Returned
Letter Office. Parcels found to contain dangerous or
offensive matter will be detained.
Rural Carriers Forbidden to Collect Parcels from the
Public. — Rural letter carriers on foot are forbidden to
collect parcels from the public. Mounted rural carriers
are also forbidden to collect parcels from the public
except under special authority.
Delivery of Local Parcels hy Moujited Rural Car-
riers.— A parcel handed by the public to a mounted
rural carrier authorised to collect parcels will be delivered
either on his outward or inward ro e, provided it shall
first be taken to a sub-office, in ord^r th the stamps
may be defaced.
Parcels Above Weight or Size, or Insufficiently Paid.
— Should a parcel exceeding the prescribed limits of
weight and dimensions be accepted by a mounted rural
carrier or mail driver authorised to collect, it will be
stopped at the office at which he hands it in, ar d returned
to the sender by the person who accepted it. Should a
parcel be accepted with insufficient postage, Mamps for
the amount of the deficient postage will be afTxed to the
parcel, which will be sent on to its destinaiic n, and the
amount will be charged against the persi n who so
accepted it, and who will have to collect itfrom the
sender.
Parcels not to be Accepted 7iear a Post-officf. — Mounted
rural carriers or mail drivers, even when : uthorised to
collect, may refuse to accept parcels tend red to them
close to a post-office.
Rural Letter Carriers not to Carry Parcels on their
own Account. — Rur.il letter carriers or parcels carriers,
on foot, are forbidden to carry parcels of any kind on
their own account. In certain exct'pticual cases, in
which special permission has been given 10 carry news-
paper parcels, this rule will not be enforced as regards
such parcels.
Newspaper Parcels Carried by Hoise Pots. — Mail-cart
contractors or their drivers, and mounted rural carriers
may carry on their own account parcel'^ of newly pub-
lished newspapers, addressed to a newsagent, without
restriction of weight, so long as the cprrying of such
parcels does not interfere in any way with the due per-
formance of the mail service ; but they are not allowed
to carry on their own account parce's of any other
description except in cases where they hold a special
authority to do so, and such authority will in no case
include parcels which are within the limit of weight pre-
scribed for postal parcels.
Parcels by Passenger Conveyances — Contractors for
the carriage of mails by passenger conveyance are not
subject to any restriction as to the parcels they may
convey.
Deteyition of Parcels tinder Special Circumstances. —
The Postmaster-General has pov er to delay parcels
when it is necessary to do so in orc'er to secure the due
despatch of the letter mails, or wl en it is expedient for
the safety and protection of parcels mails. When, there-
fore, a Postmaster is satisfied ihat the despatch or
delivery of letters would be delayi d by the despatch or
delivery of parcels, such parcels, or any of them, may
be detained until the following despatch or delivery ; or
if it be necessary for the safety a r.d protection of parcels
that any of them should be forwarded or delivered by a
later despatch or delivery than tl at for which they were
intended, a Postmaster may delsy such parcels, or may
make some special arrangemtnt for the despatch or
delivery thereof, such as he nifiy deem necessary or ex-
pedient in the circumstances of the case. In no case,
however, must the delay exceed twenty-four hours.
Private Bigs. — Postmasters are not prohibited from
enclosing parcels in private bags, but under no circum-
stances will the restriction as to the weight of a private
bag when empty be relaxed.
A P.I reel not to be Given Back to the Sender. — The
rule forbidding that a letter should be handed back to
the sender applies equally to a parcel.
Bankrupts' Parcels. — The post-office rules which
apply to bankrupts' letters apply equally to bankrupts'
parcels.
Deception as to Place of Posting. — Postmasters are
forbidden to be parties to deceiving the addressee of a
parcel in regard to the place of posting. If a parcel
reaches a post-office under cover with a request that it
may be posted, it will be endorsed according to the rule
apphcable to a letter simi'arly received. If the parcel
bears the necessary postage it will be forwarded as ad-
dressed. Should the postoge not be prepaid, the parcel
will be sent to the Returned Letter Office.
Da7naged Parcels. — A parcel found open, or in a torn
or injured condition, will be refastened as carefully as
possible and secured with an official seal, or by means of
a label similar to those prcvided for securing torn letters,
and initialled by the responsible officers.
No?i- Liability of Postmaster-General. — The Post-
master-General is not liable to make good any claim in
respect of lost or damaged parcels.
Gratuities. — The Post-office regulations, which apply
to the solicitation of gratuities from the public by persons
employed in the postal service, apply to persons engaged
in parcels' work.
Suggestions. — {a). Mercantile firms and others who
may have to post a large number of parcels at one time,
will facihtate the despatch of the parcels by sending
them to the post-ofJ^.ce in batches, and as early as
possible, {b). The ri-^k of delay in the transmission of
parcels will be largely obviated if senders of parcels in
large quantities (whether it be the intention to post the
parcels daily or at regular or irregular intervals) will so
far as possible notify their intentions to the nearest Post-
master or Sub-postmaster as early beforehand as con-
venient. It is not essential that the number and weight
of the parcels and the frequency of posting should be
specified with absolute precision : it will be sufficient if a
general idea be given so that some provision over and
above the ordinary means available may be arranged for
in advance, (c). The public will greatly assist the work
of the Post-office, and help towards the safe delivery of
parcels, by taking care that they are in all cases strongly
and securely packed, especially those with fragile or
perishable contents. It must be borne in mind, although
of course every care will be taken by the officers, that
such a parcel must be several times handled before it
reaches its destination, and will probably have to be
packed with many others of a different kind and shape
or more weighty and bulky, {d). It is not intended to
apply to postal parcels the practice which obtains of
adding to the address, in the case of letters for the metro-
politan district, the postal district initials, and such
initials should not be used in addressing a parcel to
London or the suburbs. — By command of the Post-
master-General, S. A. Blackwood, Secretary, General
Post-office, July, 1883,
July 28, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
123
Wilt mmi\ti.
STA TE OF THE WEA THER A T BLACKHBA TH, LONDON,
For thk Week ending Wednesday, July 25, 1883.
1
0
Barometer.
Temperature of
THE AtR.
Hygrome-
Irical De-
ductions
frotn
Glaisher's
Tables 6th
Edition.
Wind.
J
4
0
s
Mean Reading
Reduced to
32° Fahr.
Departure from
Average of
18 years.
X
.3
c
A
Mean for
Day.
Departure of Mean
from .\verage of
50 J ears.
I
el
<
<
July
30
31
23
25
In.
29.61
29S4
29.44
29.66
29.62
=965
29.84
In.
—0,19
— 0.25
—034
— 0.IJ
— o.i6
— 0.12
+ 008
68..
63 -S
6a .0
64.2
64.0
655
64-5
-19 5
50.0
Si-S
49-2
.8-5
52,0
Sa.o
18.6
13 S
10.5
■S-5
13-5
12-5
56.2!— 6.347.6
56.7— S-7S(-S
54-7,- 7-647-7
54-4- 7-946-9
SS-I— 7-1S0.4
57-0- 5245.9
S6.7- S-S47-4
72 {
93 {
77|
76
84
"{
7.{
W.:
N.W.
S.W. :
S.S W.
S.W. ;
W.SW.
W.
w.
W.NW;
N.NW.
W.NW:
N.NW.
In.
0.00
0.06
033
0.03
0.02
0.2S
0.00
Mean
29,62
— 0.16
64.6
SO.4.4-2
55-8- 6.548.6 77 W.
0.72
July ig.— Fine day ; sun shining at times. Fine, still night.
— 20. — Few slight showers during the day. Wet night.
— 21. — Stormy in early morning ; fine and bright from
8 A.M. Heavy rain at 10,^5 a.m. Thunder at
12.50 P.M. Fine and bright occasionally after
3 P.M. Fine evening generally. Rain at times.
— 22. — Ram in early morning; windy day. Fine night;
moon bright.
-Dull day : mostly overcast. Sun shining at times.
Occasional thin rain at night.
-Heavy rain in early mornmg. Fine day ; cold
wind. Fine night.
-Fine and bright at times during the day. Fine
night ; liitle rain at 9 r.M.
— 23.-
— 24.-
~~ 25--
LONDON : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending July 21 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea increased from 29.81 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.17 inches by midnight on
the i6th, decreased to 29.77 inches by 3 p.m. on the
19th, increased to 29.80 inches by midnight on the
same day, decreased to 29.59 inches by 3 p.m. on
the 2ist, and was 29.67 inches by the end of the
week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29. SS inches, being 0.09 inch higher than
last week, and o. 10 inch lower than the average of
the week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 68°. I, on the 19th ; on the
i6th the highest was 60". 7. The mean of the seven
high day temperatures was 63°. 2.
The lowest temperature in the shade in the week
was 44°- 5i on the i6lh ; on the 17th the lowest tem-
perature was 53°. 5. The mean of the seven low night
temperatures was 49°.5.
The greatest range of temperature was 18°. 6, on the
19th ; the smallest was 10" on the 17th. The mean
of the seven daily ranges was 13". 7.
The mean temperatures were — on the 15th, 53°;
on the i6ih, 53^6 ; on the 17th, 56°.! ; on the i8th,
S6.°7 ; on the 19th, 56^2 ; on the 20th, 56^.7 ; and
on the 2lst, 54^.7 ; and these were all below their
averages by 9°.7, 9*.!, 6°,6, 5^9, 6^3, 6^7, and 7°.6
respectively.
The mean temperature was 55°. 3, being 5°.4 lower
than last week, and 7°.4 below the average of the
week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 129°, on the 19th. The mean of the seven
readings was 108^6.
The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
placed on grass, and fully exposed to the sky, was
39*, on the i6th. The mean of the seven low
night temperatures was 42°.4.
Rain, — Rain fell on three days, to the amount of
0.46 inch, of which 0.33 inch fell on the 21st.
England : Temperature, — During the week ending
July 21 the highest temperatures were 71°, at Sun-
derland, 70°. 3 at Brighton, and 70° at Nottingham;
the highest, at Liverpool, was 6r.5, at Wolverhamp-
ton 6i°.8, and at Bolton 62°.5. The general mean
was 66". 3.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 39". 8,
at Nottingham, 40° at Hull, and 40^.5 at Wolver-
hampton ; the lowest temperature at Preston was 49",
at Liverpool 48°.8, and at Truro 48°. The general
mean was 44°. 2.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
weje 30°.2, at Nottingham, 2S^I at Cambridge, and
28" at Hull ; the least ranges were I2°.7, at Liver-
pool, 15'' at Preston, and l^°.^ at Bolton. The
general mean was 22°. I.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Brighton, 67^4, at Nottingham 66°.7, and
at Cambridge 66°. 4 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 5S°.3,
at Liverpool 59°. 2, and at Wolverhampton 59*.S.
The general mean was 63°. I.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Truro, 53°. i, at Plymouth 52°, and at
Liverpool and Preston 50''. 7 ; and was lowest at Wol-
verhampton, 45°, at Nottingham 45". 9, and at Hull
46°. I. The general mean was 4S''.6.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Nottingham, 20°. 8, at Hull 20°, and at Cam-
bridge 19". I ; and was least at Liverpool, 8°. 5, and
Plymouth, lo''.8, and at Truro 11°. o. The general
mean was 14°. 5.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 56°. S,
at Brighton 56'.6, and at Sunderland 55°. I ; and was
lowest at Wolverhampton, 5o'*.5, at Bolton 5o°,S, and
at Bristol 52°.6. The general mean was 54°.
Rain. — The largest fall was 2.33 inches at Bradford,
2. 19 inches at Bolton, and 2. 14 inches at Sunderland ;
the smallest falls were 0,23 mch at Brighton, 0.46
inch at Blackheath, and 0.77 inch at Truro. The
general mean fall was 1.26 inch. Rain fell on every
day in the week at Bolton.
Scotland : Temperature.- — During the week end-
ing July 21 the highest temperature was 66", at
Dundee ; at Greenock the highest temperature was
62°. 2. The general me?n was 63°. 7.
The lowest temperature in the week was 39". 5i
at Glasgow ; at Dundee the lowest temperature was
45**. The general mean was 42'\8.
The mean temperature was highest at Aberdeen,
54°.3 ; and lowest at Perth, 53°. The general mean
was 53°. 6.
Rain. — The largest fall was 1. 81 inch, at
Edinburgh, and 1.80 inch at Dundee ; and the
smallest was 0.36 inch at Greenock, and 0.48 inch
at Aberdeen. The general mean fall was 1.09 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
Seventy feet by 40
Answers to Correspondents.
Clematis : A. H. J. O. The accent should be on the
first e, thus Clematis, but it is commonly pronounced
Clematis.
Faihy Roses: A. V. Varieties of Rosa Lawrenciana,
an introduction from China in 1810.
Insects : G. G. The objects attached to a Laurel leaf
are the eggs of the lace-winged fly (Hemerobius) Chry-
sopaperla), the larvas of which feed on aphides. I.O. W.
— D. AI'L. The insect sent is the destructive Pine-
weevil (Hylobius-abietis). /. O. W.
Law^n-tennis Ground : R. M.
feet, for a double-handed game.
LiLiUM : S. R. H. Send a fresh specimen in a box.
The one received had been smashed to pulp coming
through the post.
Names of Plants : W. H. K. 1, Alstroemeria au-
rantiaca ; 3, CEnothera Youngii ; 3, Tradescantia
virginica ; 4, Linum azureum ; 5, Stachys lanata ; 6,
Polemonium cceruleum album. — R. P. i, not an
Allamanda, but the common Tecoraa Stans ; 2, Dian-
ihera pecloralis ; 3. Cenlropogon, probably C. granu-
losa.— \V. Roberts. The yellow Sweet Sultan (Cen-
taurea suaveolens). — Alpha, i, Jasminum rigidum ;
2, send again when in flower ; 3, Cyperus laxus ; 4,
Eupatorium Weinmannianum ; 5, Swainsona galegi-
folia ; 6, Lantana crocea. — /. H. C. Acropera Lod-
digesii. — y. A. C. We cannot identify it from such
poor materials. — C. M. Owen. Rosa lucida, the wild
form. Campanula grandis is a synonym of C. lati-
loba. — T. K. Please send us another specimen,
and say where the plant is growing. — Flora, Scarbo-
rough. I, Asplenium fiaccidum ; 2, Adianlum hispi-
dulum ; 3, t>elaginella Braunii ; 4, Adiantum cune-
atum ; 5, A. decorum? — S. Y. Centranthus ruber.
— G. C. Cox, Broughtonia sanguinea. — A. B. C.
Liliuni Davuricum. — J. Phillpotts. Apparently a
starved specimen of Rhododendron Blandfordias-
florum.
Oaks : E. W. G. The Memel, Dantzic, and Riga Oaks
derive their names from the ports of shipment. They
belong to the same species as the British Oak, Quercus
Robur, of which there an.- two forms, sessiUflora and
pedunculata.
Pelargoniums : C. B. Mansfield. We cannot under-
take to name garden varieties of Pelargoniums, or any
other florists' flower.
Raspberry : y. H. C. Your Raspberry leaves are
affected by a fungus which is new to me, but which
shall receive further attention. M. y. B.
Stephanotis : Ed. Hillier. The flowers received,
accompanied by your statement as to the remarkable
freedom with which the plant is flowering, afford
abundant evidence of high cultivation. If the flo-
riferousness continued under indifferent cultivation the
variety would be worth looking after.
Strawberries : If. Lovel &* Son. The condition in
which the fruits arrived was not satisfactory. The
paper bags should have been made of stouter material,
and these again should have been packed in soft, dry
moss, instead of half-made hay, which is the very
worst material that can be used for packing either
fruits or flowers. The fruits were all of good size, and
had apparently been gathered in excellent condition.
ViNEKY : H. H., Bournemouth : The earliest vinery
may be planted with Black Hamburgh, and Posters
Seedling as a white Grape. The second or succession
house may be lilack Alicante, Madrosficld Court, and
White Muscat of Alexandria. You could include a
litack Hamburgh in this for early use, and at the
cooler end. Your border seems to be well prepared,
only you should make a drain down the middle, giving
the soil a slope down to it. It should be made of
uncemented materials. When making the border
place the turves with the grassy side downwards on
the brickbats, and leave out the Heatlier, which in
decaying might harbour injurious fungi. It will not
be requisite to make up the border to a width of more
than 5 feet at first, i foot of that being outside the
wall or arches. You can use in your poor soil
^'5 crushed bones, lime rubbish rather more. Burnt
refuse is also good if it be thoroughly mixed with the
other portions. Leave out the rotten manure, and
avoid making your soil over-porous, as roots like to
feel the soil aU round them, and can then absorb
more from it. Messrs. Keynes & Co., Salisbury.
*^j* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the " Editor," and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.
Intelligent Readers, please note: — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT
to the Editor.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
E. H. Krelage & Son, Haarlem— Coloured Plates of
Plants, Flowers, Fruits, &c.
J. M. Thorburn & Co., 15, John Street, New York —
Tree Seeds, &c.
W. Lovell & Son, Driffield, Yorkshire — Select List of
Strawberry Plants,
Communications Received.— H. J. P. — H. A. — W. W. — C.
\V. — Leadenham -L. Kienast Zo.ly.— E. W. & S. — W. H
M.— Diss.— H. W. W. — H. E. — Dr. Bonavia.— G. H. C— J.
D.— W. J. M.~G. F. W.— J. S— W. H. D.-J. L.— Hooper
& Co. — W. H. F.— C. B. P. — F. H.— Dr. W. O Focke.—
M. D.— J. M.— J. L.— C. W. D.— J, O. B.-C. N.— W. M,
— H. L. C.
Jarhcts.
COVE NT GARDEN, July 26.
[The subjoined leports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be takcQ
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed,]
Trade brisk. Cherries improved ; otherwise prices
the same, with the exception of black Ciurants, which
are easier. Jajnes Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.
Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Prices.
Aralia Sieboldii, per
dozen .. ..12
Arbor-vitse (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6
— (common), dozen 6
Begonias, per doz. .. 6
Bouvardia, doz. . . 12
Calceolarias, dozen... 4
Cockscombs, doz. ., 4
Coleus, doz. . . ..3
DracEcna term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz. . . 12
Erica, various, doz. 12
Euonymus, various,
per dozen .. ..9
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4
d.s.
d.
0-24
0
0-18
0
Q-I2
0
0-12
0
0-18
0
0- q
0
0- 9
0- 6
0-60
0
0
0
0-24
0-36
0
0-18
0
0-24
0
0-18
0
^. d. s. d.
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 6 0-12 6
Hydrangea, per. doz. 9 0-24 o
Lilium longiflorum,
per dozen.. .. 18 0-42 o
Liliums, various, per
dozen .. ..12 0-30 o
Lobelias, per dozen 30-60
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..12 0-24 o
Mignonnette, doz. .. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 o-iz o
Palms in variety,each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . 2 6- g o
— decorative, doz. 6 0-18 o
Cut Flowers. — .
s.
Abutilon, 12 bunches 2
Asters, 12 bunches.. 4
— French, per bun. 2
Bouvardias, per biui. i
Canterbury Bell.buo. 1
Carnations, 12 blms. i
— 12 bunches . . 3
Cornflower. 12 bun., i
Dahlias, 12 bun- .. 4
Delphinium, p. bun. o
Eucharis, per doz. .. 4
Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladioli, 12 spikes,. 2
Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . . . . 3
— red, 12 blooms., i
Lilac (French), bun. 4
Liliums, 12 bun. ..12
•Average Wholesale Prices.
d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
Marguerites, 12 bun. 6 o- g o
Mignonette, 12 bun. 6 o- q o
Marigolds, 12 bun... 20-40
Myosotis, or Forget-
me-not, p. 12 bun. 20-60
Pelargoniums, i2spr. 09-10
— zonal, 12 sprays 30-60
Pinks, 12 bunches . . 20-60
Primula, double, bun. 1 o- i 6
Pyrethrum, 12 bun . . 30-60
Roses {indoor), doz. 20-60
— (outdoor), 12 bun. 30-60
— coloured, doz. . . 30-80
Spirsea, 12 bunches. . 6 0-12 o
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 16-30
Stocks, 12 bunches.. 40-90
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 30-60
_ J - . Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 40-60
6-70 Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 10-20
0-18 o I White Jasmine, bun. 10-16
124
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
(July 28, 1883.
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Cherries, ^-sieve .. 7 o-io o
Currants, Black, %•
sieve .. ..36-.,
^ Red, J4-sieve ..33-50
Figs, per dozen . . 20-30
Grapes, per lb. ..10-30
Gooseberries, J^-siv. 26-33
5. d. s, d,
LemoDS, per case ..15 0-20 o
Melons, each . . 20-36
Peaches, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-36
— St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o
Strawberries, per lb. o 3- o g
Vegetables — Average Petail Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz. . . . . 3 o- 4 o
Asparagus (Sprue),
per bundle . . 26- . .
— English, bund... 36-80
Beans, Fr. grown, lb. 04-..
— Scarlet, per lb. . . 06- . .
Eeet, per doz. .. i t>- ..
Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-20
Carrots, new, p. bun. 06-..
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen . . 20-30
Celery, per bundle ..16-..
Cucumbers, each . . 06-10
Endive, French, per
dozen . . ..20-..
Garlic, per lb. ..10-..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
s. d. s. d.
Horse Radish, bund. 40-..
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . . . r o- . .
— Cos, per dozen . . r 6- . ,
Mint, green, bunch.. 06-..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch , . 06- . .
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch.. 04-..
Peas, English, quart I c- ..
Radishes, per doz. ..16-..
Rhubarb, per bundl. 06-..
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
Sweet Potatos, lb. . . 06- . .
Tomatos, per lb. . . r o- . .
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 04-..
Potatos.— Jersey Poutos much diseased, and trade bad ;
Kent Kidneys, £5 to £6 per ton.
SEEDS.
London : July 25.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, 37,
Mark Lane, E.G., report that in the absence of business
quotations for farm seeds continue quite nominal. New
Trifolium is in fair supply, the price being moderate. The
new Rape seed shows poor condition. The same can
be said of some samples of new Trefoil. There is an im-
proved sale for sowing Mustard. White Millet for birds,
being exceedingly scarce, commands an advance of 2S.
per quarter. Other articles at this quiet season call for
no remark.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday the large arrivals of Wheat
tended somewhat to retard improvement, but 6d. to ij.
rise was mostly quoted. Flour followed to the e.vtent of 6d.
per sack. Barley was very firm, and some asked advanced
rates for grinding sorts. Beans and Peas met a quiet
demand at unchanged rates. Maize showed better value
for both round and fiat corn, but more especially for the
former. Oats were firm at the full currency of Monday
se'nnight.— On Wednesday the Wheat trade was dull,
but prices remained steady. The demand for flour was
limited, and the trade slow. Maize on the spot was again
rather firmer, with light arrivals. Beans and Peas, with
shrinking supplies, tended against buyers. Oats having
come in more freely, the trade was slow.— Average prices
of com for the week ending July 21 : — Wheat, 421. 2d. ;
Barley, 27J. lod. ; Oats, 23J. 2d. For the corresponding
period last year :— Wheat, 491. 21!!. ; Barley, 27J. 8d. •
Oats, 24J, 8d.
CATTLE.
At Copenhagen Fields on Monday there was a good
demand for cattle, and rather higher prices were ob-
tained in some cases. Canadians sold at 5J. 4^. to 6s. ;
choice small at 6s. 2d. ; Danish, at 4J. 8d. to 51. 6d. :
and Swedish at 41. 6d. to SJ. per 8 lb. The sheep trade
was quiet, partly owing to the dulness in the dead meat
markets. The lamb trade was slow, owing to advance
of the season. Calves were dull of sale. Quotations: —
Beasts, 41. 6d. to sj. ^d,, and 5X. 6d. to 6s. ^d. \ calves,
y. 4d. to 6.1. 6d. ; sheep, sj. 31;. to 6s. 2d. , and 6s. 4d.
to 7J. ; lambs, 7s. to 8s. 2rf. — Thursday's trade was
steady. Both beasts and sheep were in demand, and
firm in value. Calves and Iambs were quite as dear, but
pigs dull.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that
supplies were moderate, and trade steady, at the follow-
ing quotations : — Prime Clover, 105J. to 120J. ; infe-
rior, 60J. to yos. ; prime meadow hay, 70J. to 92J. ;
inferior, 40J. to 501. ; and straw, 30.;. to 42s. per load. —
Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior old meadow
hay, 92J. to looj. ; inferior, j2s. to 84^. ; new, 70J. to
841. : superior old Clover, Ii2j. to 120s. ; inferior, 841.
to 951. ; new, 841. to 105J. ; and straw, ^Ss. to 431.
per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state that
there were fair supplies and a quiet trade. Quotations :
—Jersey kidneys, js. to 8.t. ; ditto round, js. ; Cher-
bourg round, 6s. 6d. to 7s. ; ditto flukes, 7s. to Si. ;
Kent kidneys, loj. ; and Essex shaws, 7s. per cwt. —
The imports into London last week were: — 2133 bags
and 2510 packages from Jersey, 507 cases 472 bo-xes
Barfleur, and 500 boxes from Cherbourg.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week ; — Ravensworth West Hartley, 14J. gd. ;
Walls End — Tyne (unscreened), ii.r. ; Helton, 19J. ;
Hetton I^yons, 17.1. ; Lambton, i8s. 6d. ; Wear, 17J. ;
South Hetton, igj. ; Tees, 19J. 3^.
Government Stock.— Consols closed on Monday
at 99I to 99I for delivery, and 99^ to ggj for the
account. The final prices on Tuesday and Wednesday
were ggf to 99I for delivery, and 99 J to 99' ' for the
account. There was no alteration on Thursday.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, E.G.
W. H. LASCELLES AND CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Eunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
TENANT'S FIXTURE GREENHOUSES,
made in lights and easily
erected, lower part
framed and panelled ;
painted two colours.
Improved Ventilating
Gearing for houses over
12 feet long. Glazed
■with ai-oz. Glass, and
Painted 3 coats of good
oil colour.
Specimen size, 12 feet by 8 feet, £,-2S 3^- 6i. For brickwork, ;^2o.
LEAN-TO HOUSES
for building against e-vistiag
walls, similar to above, 15 ft.
by 10 feet, £,2i,, or for brick-
work, ;^i9. Portable Cu-
cumber Frames, painted 3
coats, glazed 21-oz. glass,
2-light Frame. 6 feet by
feet, ^3 4^. dd. Cases 45.,
allowed when returned.
All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station,
Illustrated Catalogue free on afplicaiioii,.
. FRA2ER, Horticultural Builder, Palace Plain, Norwich.
mmm.
xHKHCATE ROAD , LONDON. N.Wc
No. 74. Tliree-quarter SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.
CAS// PR/CES— Carriage Paid.
No. 2 size ., 8 ft. long ,. 6 ft. wide .. £4 15 o
No. 3 size .. 12 ft long .. 6 ft. wide .. 6 10 o
No. 4 size .. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 850
These Frames are 13 inches high in front, 24 inches high at
the back, and 32 inches at the ridge. Front or back lights
turn over. Set-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted
four coats of best oil colour, and the lights are glazed with best
21-oz. English glass.
GKEENHOUSES
Suitable for Villas, Small Country Houses.
NEW CATALOGUB. NOW HEADY, FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
Cucumher Frames.
RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England :— ^ s. d.
2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) t, , ■ f 3 o o
3-liehtframe, i2feetby6feet }- r- TS -^ 5 5 o
6-light frame. 24 feet by 6 feet ) '"*'*^" "^^ ( 10 o o
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.
R. HALLIDAV AND CO.. Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester.
Conservatories and Greeahouses, &c.
H FREEMAN and SONS, HORTICUL-
• TURAL Builders and Hot-v/ater Engineers, Cam-
bridge Heath Bridge, Hackney, E. — Good substantially made
GREENHOUSES, Glazed ready for Fixing, 21 feet by 13 feet,
£2^ ; 12'^ feet by 10 feet, ^[5 ; 10 feet by 5 feet, £,?,. SPAN-
ROOF CONSERVATORY, 30 feet by ry feet, £,60 ; 21 feet by
13 feet, .^31 loj, ; 13 feet by 8 feet, /iS, LIGHTS, &c., in
Stock.
»1R0N FEN ei NEGATES,*:
. . Cataloguesfree on application ,
BAYLISS,J0NES & BAYLISS
WOLVERHAMPTON
London Offices,3,Crpoked Lane KingWilliam ST.fC
CABSON'S PAINT.
Patronised by
HER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,
15,000 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON BV UNSKILLED LABOUR.
I Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free,
C ARSON S,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON. E.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN;
and 55, ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Cash.
Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork. Wood or Stone.
{Registered Trade J*^arA.)
H
"^^Wilt/^^t
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is* fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. _ It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have befin received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at zs. 6d. per gallon,
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" Pierce/ieZd Park, y««^ 21, 1B76. — Sirs, — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours
respectfully. Wm. Cox."
CA UTION.—Hii.i. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
ajid their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing, Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c. , sent free on application to
HILL and SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 180, Buchanan
Street, Glasgow.
J.
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SM ITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with kaised
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."'
Samples and Price Lists free,
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.
July 28, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
125
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
(Established 1841)
CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF
GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC,
REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS,
REVIEWS of BOOKS, and NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of
CURRENT INTEREST,
HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.
Special attention is given to tiie following subjects :—
ALPINE PLANTS.
ARBORETUM— The.
BEDDING PLANTS.
BEES.
BOTANY.
BULBOUS PLANTS.
CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS.
CONIFERS.
DISEASES OF PLANTS.
EVERGREENS.
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS.
FLORISTS' FLOWERS.
FLOWER GARDENS.
FORCING.
FORESTRY.
FRUIT CULTURE.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECT.S.
KITCHEN GARDENING.
LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
LAWNS.— LILIES.
MACHINES.
MANURES— Analyses of.
MARKET GARDENING.
NEPENTHES.
ORCHIDS — including a com-
plete List of those in culti-
vation.
PALMS.
PLANTING.
PLEASURE GROUNDS.
POMOLOGY.
POTATOS.— POULTRY.
RHODODENDRONS.
ROCKERIES.
ROSES.
SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES.
STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS.
SUCCULENT PLANTS.
TOWN GARDENING.
TRAINING.
TRAVEL— Notes of.
TREES — Deciduous .and Ever-
green.
VEGETABLE CULTURE.
VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY
VINES.
WALKS.— WALLS.
WEATHER.— WEEDS.
WINDOW GARDENING.
WOODS, &c., &c., &c.
Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., and Others.
Among the Contributors to recent Volumes may be mentioned ;—
ABBAY, Rev
ANDERSONa.)
ANDRfi(E.), Paris
ANTO I N E ( F. ), Vienna . .
ATKINS (J.)
BADEN- POWELL (H.)
BADGER IE. W.)
BAINES(T.)
BAKER (G.)
BAKER (J. G.). F.R.S
BALFOUR (Professor) ..
BALL (J). F.R.S
BANCROFT CG.).M.D.
BARRON (A. F.), Chiswicic . .
BENNET (H.), M.D., Mentone
BENNETT (A. W.)
BENNETT (G ), M.D., Sydney
BENTHAM (G), F.RS.
BERGMAN (E). Paris ..
BERKELEV(Rcv, M.J,), F.RS.
BLACKMORE (R. D) ..
BLAIR (T.), Shrubland Gardens
BLOW(r. B.)
BOiSSIER(E.>, Geneva
BOSCAVVEN (Hon. & Rev. J. T.)
BOULGERCG. S.), F.L.S.
BRIGHT (H. A)
BRITTEN (J)- British Museum
BROWN (N. E)
BULLEN (R.), Botanic Garden,
Glasgow
BURBIDGE (F. W.), Botanic
Garden, Dublin
CARUEL (Professor). Florence..
CASPARY (Prof.), Kcenigsberg..
CLARKE (Col. TRLVOK)
CLARKE (C. B.), F.R.S.
COBBOLD(T. S.), F.R.S.
COLEMAN (W.), Eastnor Castle
Gardens . .
COOKE (M.C.)
COOPER (Sir DAN., Bart.) ..
CORREVUN (H ). Geneva
COX(J.]. RedleafGaidens
CREWE (Rev. H. H.) ..
CROSSLING (R.), St. Pagan's
Caslle Gardens
CROUCHER (J.)
I) ARWl N (ihe late Charles)
DEAN (A.)
DEAN (R.)
D'!;CAISNE(thelate Prof.), Paris
DE CANDOLLE (A), Geneva..
DEHERAIN (Professor), Paris , .
DOU(Rev. C. \V.)
DODWELL(E. S.)
DOUGLAS (J.), Great Geaiies,
Ilford
DOWNIE (J.), Edinburgh
DRUDE (Professor), Dresden ..
DUCHARTRE (Professor), Pans
DUTH1E(J. F.), Sahatunpore..
DYER(BERNARD) ..
DYER (Rev. T. F.)
DYER (W. T. T), F.R.S.
EARLEY (W.)
ELLACO.MBE (Rev. H. N.) ..
CofTee-leaf Disease.
Orchids.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Forestry.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Alpine Plants.
Queensland Correspondence
Fruit Culture.
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology.
Australian Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Diseases of Plants.
Pomology.
Practical Gardening.
Bees.
Garden Plants.
Landscape Gardening.
Vegetable Physiology.
Notes from a Lancashire
Plant Lore. [Garden.
Garden Botany.
Orchid Notes.
Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Diseases of Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Fungi.
Australian Correspondence.
Alpine Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Succulent Plants.
Physiology of Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Floriculture.
Garden botany.
Garden Botany, &c.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Plants.
Florists' Flowers.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Chemical Analyses.
Flower Lore.
Garden Botany.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Botany.
EICHLER (Professor), Director
Imperial Botanic Garden,
Berlin
ELWES (H. J)
ENGELMANN (G.), St. Louis. .
EVERSHED(H)
EYLES(G.)
FELLOWES (Rev. E.) ..
FENZI (E.), Florence ..
FISH (D. T), Hardwicke
Gardens
FISH ER (Rev. O.)
FITCH (W. H.), F.L.S.
FLEMING a), Cliveden
Gardens
FOSTER, Dr. M., F.R.S.
FROST (P.). Dropmore Gardens
GIBSON (WM.)
GILBERT (J. H.). F.RS.
GLAISHER(J.). FR.S.
GRAY (Prof. ASA), Boston
GREEN (Charles), Pendell Court
GRIEVE (P), Bury St. Edmunds
GRINDON(LEO)
HANBURY (T.), Mentone ..
HART (J). Jamaica
HEER (Professor O.), Zurich ..
HEMSLEY (W. B.)
HENRY (I. ANDERSON) ..
HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra
HENSLOW(Rev. G.) ..
HOOKER (Sir J. D.). K.C.S.I.
HORNER (Rev. F. D.)
HOWARD 0- E.), F.R.S.
HUDSON (J), Gunnersbury
Gardens
IM 'raURN (EVERARD),
British Guiana
INGRAM (W.), Belvoir Gardens
JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum
JOLY(C,), P.iris
KILLICK (L), Maidstone
KNIGHT (H.)
KOLl! (MAX), Munich
KRELAGE(J. H.I, Ha.arlem ..
LANGE (Prof), Copenhagen ..
LAVALLEE(ALPH.), Paris ..
LEES(E.), F.L.S
LEICHI'LIN (MAX), Baden
Baden . .
LINDUERG (Prof.), Helsingfors
LYNCH (R. I ), Cambridge
Botanic Garden
MACLACHLAN(R.), F.RS. ..
MANGLES (J. H.), F.L.S. ..
MARIES (C)
MARTINS (Prof), Montpellier..
MAW (G.). F.L.S
MEEHAN (T.), Philadelphia ..
MELVILLE (D.), Dunrobin
Gardens
MICHIE (C. Y.), Cullen House,
Banff
MILES (G. T.), Wycombe Abbey
Gardens
MILLER (W.), Combe Abbey ..
MONTEIRO (Chev.), Lisbon ,.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Conifers.
Garden Literature.
Landscape Gardening.
Roses.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Roses.
Illustrations.
Practical Gardening.
Plant Physiology.
Practical Gardening.
Town Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Meteorology,
(jarden Botany.
Plant Culture.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Literature.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Garden Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology.
Garden Botany.
Florists' Flowers.
Cinchonas.
Flower Gardening.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Economic Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Fruit Culture.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Tree Lore.
Garden Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Insects.
Rhododendrons.
Japan Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Crocus — Garden Plants.
American Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Forestry.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Colonial Notes.
Australian Plants.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
MOORE (F.), Glasnevin Botanic
Garden . .
MORREN (Professor), Lie'ge ..
MORRIS (D.), Jamaica..
MUDD (C). South Africa
MUELLER (Baron FERD. V.),
Melbourne
MURTON (H. J.). Siam
NAUDIN(C.), Antibes ..
NELSON (C. J.), Orange Free
State . . . . . . . . Foreign Correspondence.
NESFIELD(MARKHAM) .. Landscape Gardening.
NICHOLSON (G.), Kew .. Arboretum.
OLIVER (Capt. S.) .. .. Foreign Correspondence.
OLIVEIRA (/. D'), Oporto . Foreign Correspondence,
OLLERHEAD (J), Wimbledon
Park Gardens Practical Gardening.
ORMEROD(Miss) .. .. Insects.
OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am-
sterdam . . Foreign Correspondence.
PAGET (Sir James) .. .. Diseases of Plants.
PAUL(WM.) Floriculture.
PEAKE(A, W.) Vegetable Chemistry.
PFITZER(Prof), Heidelberg .. Orchids
PH1LIPS(W.) Fungi -Plant Diseases.
PLANCHON(Prof), Montpellier Foreign Correspondence.
or /-^n/o ir. LIT. /,-. V c : ni-^.i,.
PL0WR1GHT(C.)
PRESTO (H.), Trinidad,.
PYNAERT(E,), Ghent ..
REGEL (E,). St. Petersburg
REICHENBACH (Professor)
RIVERS (F.), Sawbridgeworth
ROBINSON (J. F)
RODIGAS. (E.), Ghent ..
SARGENT (C. W.), Boston
SAUL (M.), Stourton Gardens
SCHOMBURGK (Dr.). .Adelaide Colonial Notes.
SCHUBELER(Prof), Christiana Foreign Correspondence,
SHEPPARD (J), Woolverstnn
Gardens
SIEMENS (Dr.), F.R.S.
SMITH (A.). Hyeres ..
SMITH (W. G.), FL.S.
SORAUER (Prof), Proskau ..
SURINGAR (Professor), Leyden
SWAN (\V.), Fallowfield . .
SYME (G.), Jamaica
THURBER (G), New York ..
TIDMARSH, Graham's Town ..
TOUARI) (P.amn). Palermo
TRIMEN (H), Ceylon
WALLIS (J.), Keele Gardens ..
WARD (H. W), Longford Castle
Gardens .. .. ..
WARINGTON (R.)
WATSON (SERENO) ..
WEBSTER (J.), Gordon Castle
Gardens.. ,. .. .. Practical Gardening.
WEIR (H.), Brenchley .. .. Gardening for Amateurs.
WESTWOOD (Professor) . . Insects.
WILDSMITH (W.), Hecklield
Gardens Practical Gardening.
WILSON (G. F.), F.R.S., .. Lilies. &c.
WILSON (D.) Practical Gardening.
WITTMACK (Dr.), Berlin .. Foreign Correspondence.
WOLKENSTEIN.St.Petersburg Foreign Correspondence.
With many others.
Fungi— Plant Diseases.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Orchids.
Fruit Culture.
Bees.
Foreign Correspondence.
American Correspondence,
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Electric Light.
Foreign Correspondence
Illustrations — Fungi.
Diseases of Plants.
Foreign Correspondence,
Orchid Culture.
Colonial Notes,
American Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Garden Botany.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Botany.
126
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 28, 1883.
THE GARDENER^ CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Li7i€ charged as two.
4 Lines
f.o
?
0
15 Lines
..^08
6
6 ,
0
^
6
16 „
..09
0
6 ,
0
4
0
17 „
..09
b
7 ,
0
6
18 „
.. 0 10
0
8 ,
0
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0
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.. 0 10
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0
6
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.. 0 II
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.- 0 11
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0
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.. 0 12
fa
13 ,
0
7
6
24 „
.. 0 13
0
li
0
8
0
25 ..
.. 0 13
6
AND SIXPENCE FOR
EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.
If
set across col
umns,
the lowest charge
will be 30J.
Page
;6q
0
0
Half Page
,s
0
0
Column
3
5
0
GARDENERS, and OTHERS, WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words i^. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
IMPORTANT NOTICE. -- Advertisers are cautioned
against hatntig Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices^ as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, sj. each insertion.
Advertisetuents for the current -week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.
All Subscriptions payable in advance.
The United Kingdom ; 12 Months, £,\ 3^, lo^^. ; 6 Months,
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FoREiQN (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,
£1 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, £1 8s. 2d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C., to \V. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of zd in. by
i2in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases.
vjo^ 21 oa. Foreign, of the following OX
^ sizes, In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, '
3dB and 4tlis dualities always kept In stock :-
14x12
20X12
20 x 14
20X16
20x18
16x12
16x14
20x15
22x16
22x18
18x12
18X14
i8xi6
24x16
24x18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
from
GEORGE FAB.MILOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St, Jolm'8 Street, West Smltlifleld, London, E.G.
ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.- All Ihe usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fil)re, Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN AND
SONS, i and 5, Wormwood Street, London, EC.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
100 yards for los., delivered at Burnley Station : or 85 yards
for loj., delivered free per parcels post. Very useful pure Cotton
for Curtains, Bliiids, Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley.
ONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ,£200,000. — Reserve Fund, ;C75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from /to to
;£50oo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds from £$ per cent, from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ,£250,000 per annum.
Prospectus post-fiee.
(Established 1867.)
UN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.C. ; Charing Cross, S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE.— Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at
moderate rates,
LIF£. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large Bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.
Accidents 1-64, Comhlll.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured agamst by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, / 1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;£25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;£ 1,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
Now Ready, price is., post-free js. id.
POTATO CULTURE : its Extension and
Improvement. By an Old Exhibitor. With Advice
as to the Best Varieties for obtaining Large Crops.
*' The information as to the best methods of cultivation is full
and complete, although carefully and ably compressed."
Leicester youmal.
CASSELL and CO. (Limited), Ludgate Hill. London. E.C.
Now Ready, Second Edition, thick 8vo, cloth, price i6,j.,
WATSON'S (H. C.) TOPOGRAPHICAL
BOTANY : or, Records Towards Showing the Distri-
bution of British Plants. Revised and corrected, wiih Memoir
of the Author, by J. G. Baker, Esq., F.R.S., and. a new
Botanical Map of Britain.
BERNARD QUARITCH. 15. Piccadilly. London. W.
TDEVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
-LV et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard,
E. Andre*, C. Baltet, T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich, F. Cr^pin,
Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, J. GUIon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van VoLxem
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein,
This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.
Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
lis., payable in advance.
Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT.
at the Chief Post-office. Ghent.
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.
EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.
To any one who owns a flower-pot, a garden, or a farm.
It is Indispensable,
because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It Is Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors are practical horticulturists,
who write from actual experience and can prove the correctness of
their teachings. It is always Seasonable,
because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the month, which atone
are worth more than the price ef the paper.
It is Clean and Pure,
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums.
In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds. Plants, Books, or Implements. A
Sample Copy and complete Premium List will be mailed free to
all applicants.
5.^. per auTium. Sample Copy Free.
Address, B. E. BLISS & SONS, Publishers,
34, BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK.
BRYANT
&
MAY'S
PARTNER WANTED, in a Country
Nursery of long standing. Must take the duties of
Propagator and Charge of Houses. Capital small. — HUNTER,
Gardenerx' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,
London. W C. ^^^^^^
To Nurserymen and Florists.
PA R T N E R.— Advertiser is desirous of
becoming Partner in a going concern. Has good know-
ledge, and can supply ;iTOo to ;£2oo capital. — Apply, by letter
only, to W. F., 25, Bousfield Road, Nunhead, S.E.
To Gardeners.
WANTED, a thoroughly competent MAN,
who understands the Management ol Glass, the Rear-
ing of Plants, the Culture of Peaches and Grapes, competent to
Organise and Supervise about iz acres of Garden Ground,
consisting of Kitchen and Flower Garden, Glasshouses, Lawns,
and Shrubberies — all in good order and condition. A know-
ledge of the Management of Grass Land, Poultry, and Cows
desirable.— Apply, by letter, to D. C. H., 18, Marlborough
Road, Banbury.
MAN and WIFE WANTED. — Wanted,
art industrious, sober Man as GARDENER, who
thoroughly understands the business in all its branches; and
his Wife as COOK, in a Gentleman's house near London, Ages
about 30, and without children. They will live and board in the
house. Wages 201. per week and all found, except beer and
washing. Unexceptional references required. Apply by letter
to A. H., care of Mr. J. C. Stevens, Auctioneer, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
WANTED, a young man, as GARDENER,
to live in the house. He must understand Grape
Vines, Flowers, &c.— Mr. LITTLE, Belmont, Crouch End
Hill, morning or evening ; at 94, Oxford Street, W., between
II and 5 o'clock.
WANTED, a respectable young man, as
GARDENER, to take Charge of a small Collection of
Orchids. Would be required to clean knives and boots for a small
family. — Address, stating full particulars of last employment
and wages required, to A. C. E,, Messrs. Hopcraft & Co., 1,
Mincing Lane, London, E.C.
WANTED, a GARDENER (married), who
thoroughly understands his business, for a Garden
under an acre, with a small quantity of Glass, in a suburb of
London. Would have to clean boots and knives for a small
family. Must be strictly sober and honest. — Apply, by letter,
stating age, with full particulars of previous employ, and wages
asked, to Z., Housekeeper, 25, Philpot Lane, London, E.C.
WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER, willing to make himself useful. Age from
25 to 35, Preference to an abstainer. — Apply by letter only to
Mr. STEVENS, " Annandale," East Molesey, Surrey, giving
references and salary required.
WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER,
well up in Watering and Potting. — State wages re-
quired, with references, to HENRY THOBNBER, Head
Gardener, Winter Gardens, Blackpool.
CANADA. — A Nurseryman in Ontario
REQUIRES the Services of a competent and trust-
worthy Man, who, besides being able to Raise Bedding
Plants, can Grow Orchids, Mushrooms and Cucumbers, and
can make up Bouquets and Wreatlis. A married man wiihout
family preferred. — Apply, in first instance, to W., Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
WANTED, a thorough experienced MAN,
to take the Management of a Small Nursery. One
well up in his work, married, without family, preferred.
Good house and vegetables found. — Apply, by letter only,
stating age, experience, and references, also wages required, to
C. ROBERTS, Nurseryman, &c., 92, Northgate Street,
Gloucester.
Propagator.
WANTED, an energetic young MAN as
above. Must be well up in the Propagation of Choice
Bedding Plants, Roses, Clematises, &c. — Apply, stating refer-
ences, age, salary expected, &c., to NURSERYMAN, Messrs.
Hurst & Sons, Seed Merchants, 152, Houndsditch, E.
WANTED, a young MAN, about i8 or 20
years, used to Growing Roses, Ferns, Cut Flowers and
Soft-wooded Plants for London Market. Also a YOUTH,
about 17, who has worked out-of-doors in a Nursery. None
without nursery experience need apply. — W. BLEACH,
Bayhorne Farm, Horley, Surrey.
WANTED, a few good ROSE BUDDERS.
—J. HOUSE, Eastgate Nurseries, Peterborough.
WANTED, the services of a young man
(not over 35), as CORRESPONDING CLERK,
CASHIER, and ASSISTANT MANAGER. He must be an
efficient Accountant, possess a good knowledge of a Florist's
and Seedsman's Business, and be competent to undertake the
entire Charge of the Business during the absence of the manager.
The business is a large one, the specialities being Cut Flowers
and Orchids, in addition to General Nursery and Small Seed
Trade. To a competent man a good and progressive salary
will be given. _ Fashionable town in the West of England. —
Apply, in first instance, with full particulars, testimonials, and
photo, to X., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 6, Leadenhall Street, E.C.
Nursery and Seed Trade.— Scotland.
WANTED, a CASHIER and BOOK-
KEEPER. One who has a good knowledge of the
Nursery Department preferred ; but he will always be em-
ployed in the Shop. — State age. experience in Book-keeping,
and the Nursery and Seed Trade generally, and salary expected,
to D. T., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, London, W.C.
ANTED AT ONCE, for the Counting-
House of a leading establishment, an efficient BOOK-
KEEPER, to take the principal charge. To a persevering,
sober, and industrious man, this would be found a permanent,
progressive, and comfortable appointment. None need apply
whose character will not bear the strictest investigation. — Apply,
stating age, reference, and salary expected, to COKK,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
WANTED, for a Large Seed EstabHshment,
in New York, a smart COUNTER HAND, of good
address, and having a thorough knowledge of the Vegetable
Seed Department. — Apply, stating particulars of experience
and salary required, to W. M. B., Gardetiers' Chronicle Office,
41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
ANTED, a WAREHOUSE PORTER.
Must be well used to Stocking and able to Pack Orders.
— HY. CLARKE and SONS, Seed Merchants, 37, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C.
July 28, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
127
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders sliould
now be made fiavadle at
DRURY LANE.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY" (John Cowan), Liniiied, are in .1 position
to recommend a thoroiiehly c 'moetent man as GAUDKNKR,
or as GARDKNER and BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requiring such.
-uy G. h1?3j d e r s o n and son
J--^ • have always In their employ a number of selected men
of t'-sted ability and Rood charar^'er waiting re-encagem'-nts
as HEAD GARDLNERS. GARDKNERS and BAlLirFS,
FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any reciuiremeiit, and would be pleased to .send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman rcquirmg such. — Pine-
apple Nur'crv, Maida Vale, VV.
I C H AR U SMITH AND CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and lh;it
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN, Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N.
UPERINTENDENT of PARK, LAND-
SCAPE GA.RDENER, or FLORAL DECORATOR,
— The Advertiser is desirous of meeting with a re-engagtment
in either of above, h3.ving had considerable practical experience
in Gardening, Nursery-work, and Floral Decorating ; obtaintd
Gold and Silver Medals for Artistic Decorating at recent exhi-
bitions of the Ro\ al Horticultural and Botanical S jcieiies, also
Certificated by ihe Royal Horticultural Society of London, and
the Municipality of Paris; highly recommended as to Plan
Drawing, and Laying-out to Scale, Planting, Road-niaking,
Draining, Hothouse Building, Hot and Cold Water Engineer-
ing, and accredited with possessing an especial creative mmd,
with lact, taste, skill, energy, and ability. Satisfactory refer-
ences kindly given by present employers and others. — T. B,,
Highgate Nurseries, N.
LTaN DSCAPE garden E r1— Wan ted7by
a gentleman (30 years of age) well versed in Designing
and Carrying Out of Plans, S:c , assisted by a thorough practi-
cal general knowledge of the profession, a place as Superiii-
tendent and Draughtsman with a Landscape Gardenei , Architect,
or a Corporation. Excellent references. — X. Y. Z . (7nr-
deners' Chronicle Oi^icf:. 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W C.
ARDENER (Head).— Married ; twenty
years' experience. Eight years' good character from
present employer.— THOMAS WARD, Aldwarke Hall, Vorks.
GARDENER (Head).— Advertiser would"be
glad to hear from any Lady or Gentleman in want of a
thoroughly practical man as above —X, Y., Dickson, Brown &
Tait, Corporation Street, Manchester.
ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical
Gardener in all the various branches.— Age 40, married, family.
— S. PICKERSGILL. Greatfield House, near Kidderminster.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 37, married!
thoroughly competent. Long practical experience in all
branches. Highest references. Five years' excellent character,
— J. D.. Pixholm Grove, Dorking.
GA R DENER (Head), to any Lad^or
Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly prac-
tical, trustworthy man. — Age 30, single. Fourteen years' ex-
peiience. Good character. Four years in last place, — I.
LAMMAS. Hurst Twyford, Berks.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 39, married, no
family ; twenty-six years' experience in Grape Growing,
Greenhouses. Peach Houses. Cucumber Houses, Flower and
Kitchen Gardening. Good character.— A, B., 13, Percy Street,
Southport.
C ^ARDENER (Head).— Age 42 ; has been
^ with the Marquis of Donegall twelve years, who has
given up the tenancy of the Hamstead estate through ill health.
Testimonials of the highest character as a professional Gardener
and practical manager. Thirty years' experience. — J. M., "The
Gardens, Hamstead Park, Newbury, Berks.
ARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— C Blick,
Foreman at Hayes Place Gardens, Hayes, Beckenham,
Kent, having had fourteen years' good practical exper)ence in
all branches of the profession, desires an engagement in the
above capacity to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good
practical man. Highly recommended by present and previous
employers. — Address as above C. BUCK.
ARDENErT^Head Working).— Age 40,
married, no family ; twenty-five years' practical experience
in all branches. Six years' good character. — J. W., 6, P Street,
Queen's Park Estate, Hariow Road, N.
r^ARDENER (Head Working), where two
VJ or three are kept.— Age 35, married : six years and ten
months good character from present situatioa~J. BUTLER,
Cranford, Hounslow, Middlesex.
ARDENER (Head Working).— Middle-
aged, married, one aon (age 12) ; thoroughly competent.
Twelve years' character from present employer.— A. B., Mr.
Surman, Florist, Witney, Oxon.
ARDENER (Head Working), where not
less than two uuder men are kept— Age 35, married, no
family; twenty years' practical experience in all branches of
the profession. Good character. — GARDENER, Smith's
Bookstall, Eastbourne.
/^ARDENER (Head Working).— Married ;
■J ^^ofoughly practical and competent in all branches —
indoor and out. Wife good Poultrywoman. Good references*
— J. W., 17, Montague Place, Havelock Road, Belle Vue,
Shrewsbury.
G
GARDENER (Head Working); age 25,
mariied. — I can with confidence recommend to any Lady
or Gentleman in want of a man as above, one who has a good
knowledge of the profession in all its branches. — Please address,
in first instance, THOS. GARNETl', The Gardens, Pounds,
Devon port.
GARDENER ^^HEAD, or good Single-
handed). — Age 30 : Well up in the Growing of Stove
and Greenhouse Plants, likewise Early and Late Forcing. —
38, South Hill Road. Gravcsend, Kent.
GARDENER (Head, or good Single-
nA.NDi(:D). — Married ; twelve years' experience in
Gentlemen's Gardens ; thoroughly understands the Growing of
Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. Five years' good personal
character from present situation.— A. CARTER, The Gardens,
Conaways, Ewell. Surrey.
ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed)".
— Age 38, married ; understands Vines, Cucumbers,
Melons, and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kiichen Garden-
ing. Three and a half years' good character. Near London
preferred.- G. J., 7. Kelson Street, Kilburn Rise. London.
GARDEN E^Rr7HEAD')ror"FbRESTER^
The Advertiser is open for an engagement with any Lady
or Gentleman, in the above capacity of Head Gardener or
Forester combined. Has had large experience in both depart-
ments, and is now leaving present situation, after twenty-two
years' service, owing to the death of his late employer, and con-
sequently a great reduction in estate expenses. Can produce
the most satisfactory references for character and abilities. —
Mr. ROBERT CRAIG. The Gardens, Levens Hall, Miln-
thorpe ; or Messrs. DICKSON, BROWN and TAIT, Seed
Merchants, Manchester, where full information can be had.
^ ARDENER. — Age 2,^, married, with family ;
thoroughly understands Greenhouses, Gardens, &c. Last
situations twenty-eight years. Leaving through death. — C,
Toll House, Staverton Road, Daweniry.
GARDENER. — Twelve years' expeiience in
Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Fruit, Flower and Kuchen
Gardening. Two years' good character Abstainer. —
GARDENER, Draycott Lodge. Fulham, S W.
GARDENER, where assistance is given, or
good SiNGi,E-HANDED.— Age 31, married, two children
(ages 7 and lo) ; thorough knowledge of the profession. Excel-
lent references. —G., 3, Roslyn Avenue, Camberwell, S.E,
GARDENER, where others are kept. — Age
27 ; well up in General Garden Management. No
objection to Land and Stock Good references from past and
piesent employers.— J. SEABRIGHT, The Gardens, Barrow
Point, Pinner, Middlesex.
GARDENER^and FARM BAILIFF ; age
40, married. — Wm Collett, twelve years' Gardener and
Farm Baihff to the late J:)hn Bibby, Esq., Hart Hill, AUerton.
Liverpool, wishes for a similar situation, or as Gardener only.
First class references.— W. COLLETT, The Gardens, Hart
Hill, AUerton, Liverpool.
GARDENER (Working). — A respectable
young man, who understands the Cultivation of all kinds
of Fruit under Glass and in the Kitchen Garden ; good Grower
of Plants fur Decoration, and for the Flower Garden. Active
and industrious. Good testimonials.— M. G., Mr. Fowle,
Dagmersficld Park, Winchfield, Hant^.
GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, Or where
help is given).~Married, no incumbrance. Wife is a good
Cook, or good help in house. Ages 46 and 41.— L. M. SHEP-
HERD, 1, Arundal Cottages, Grosvener Road, Belvedere,
Kent.
r:j.ARDENER (SECOND, or Single-handed).
V-^ Age 22 ; well up in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines,
&c.— Eight years' experience. Good character, Total abstainer.
— W. G. M.. Southdean Manse, Hawick, N. B.
GARDENER (SECOND), in a Nobleman's
or Gentleman's family.— Three years' good character
fiom present situation.— Write, stating full particulars to Mr.
H. WALKER, The Gardens, The Leaze, Eashngton, near
Stonehouse, Gloucestershire.
/^ARDENER (Second, or Under).— Age
V^ 23; has had good experience, with good character. —
G. B., I?, Child's Place, Earl's Court Road, Kensington, S.W.
/'^J.ARDENER (Second, or good Under).—
V^ Age 22 : well up in the various branches. Seven years'
experience, with good character. —J. FUNNELL, Little
Flanchford, Leigh, Reigate, Surrey.
/^ARDENER (Under), where he can im-
VJ prove himself.— Age 21 ; five years' good character.— H.
PEERLESS. Gardens, kydal Mount. Champion Hill, S E.
/^ARDENER (Under).— Age 20; five years'
V-J experience. Inside and Out. Good character aiid refer-
ences.—J. B., Beckley Grove, Beckley, Oxon.
/^ARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
V-J ment.— Age 22 ; persevering ; good character. Total
abstainer. — T. DEAN, Model Farm, Liscard, Cheshire.
GARDENER (Under), in the Houses, in a
good establishment.- Age 24 ; can be highly recom-
mended.—H. F., Haydon'a Cottage, Sidmouth, Devon.
GARDENER (Under), in~ a^^Gentleman's
place.— Age 2t ; nearly two years' good character.—
J. W., Mrs. Ellis, Hayes, Beckenham. Kent.
/^ARDENER (Under); age i6.— A Lady
VJI desires a situation for a very deserving youth as above.
Neighbourhood of London, if possible near Wimbledon, pi e-
ferred. Steady, honest, industrious, and very respectable,
father being a respectable shoemaker. — Miss DU CROY,
Wimbledon Common, Surrey.
To Fruit Growers and Florists.
TV/TANAGER.— To Grow for Market Grapes,
•*^-^ Peaches, Strawberries. Cucumbers, Tomatos. and
Plants suitable for Cut Flowers in quantity. Twenty years' ex-
perience.—REX. lo, Stockwell Park Road, Clapham Rd., S.E.
Tj^OREMAN, in a Gentleman's garden.—
7h^^r.^°'*^y preferred. Three years' good char:icler.— J.
MOSS, TiUey, Herefordshire. ^
Tj^OREMAN, in a Gentleman's estabhshment.
-L —Age 25 ; thorough knowledge of the profession. First-
class references.— F. BIBLE, Woodfield, Stevenage, Herts.
TpOREMAN, in the Houses, in a good
-^ estabhshment.— Age 26 ; ten years' experience in good
gardens. Can be well recommended. — ALEXANDER
Prospect Place, Groombridge. *
"C^OREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman^
J- garden.— Thoroughly practical in all branches of Gnrden-
ing, also Plant and Flower Decorations.— H. RICHARDSON,
7, Park Cottages. Hurstpierpoint.
Tj^OREMAN.— Age 25 ; nine years' experi-
-*- ence in Large Establishments in the Houses, Kitchen
and Pleaure Gardens, and House Decoration. Total abstainer.
Well recommended. State wages and particulars. —GAR-
DENER^ Post-office, Berwick St. John, Salisbury.
"^ ©"r E M A N.^-Wm. West desires a re"-
-*- engagement in a Kitchen or Flower Garden, or in the
Houses. Fiiteen years' experience in Noblemen's Gardens.
Small Premium if required.— loi, Coleman Street, Wolver-
hampton,
l^^OREMAN.— W. Swan, Oakley, Fallow-
-i- field. Manchester, will be glad to recommend a young
man as above Has a good general knowledge of the pro-
fession. Excellent references.— Address as above, or T. LEWIS,
Tynycoed, Arthog, Dolgelly.
XT' O R E^ AN P rIj PA G A T O R, and
-L GROWER of Plants and Choice Flowers to supply a
first-class trade. Grapes, Peaches, Cucumbers,. Also a
knowledge of Roses, Shrubs, &C.—H. G., Cardeneri ChronuU
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
T(^ 6 REM AN PROPAGATOR and
J- GROWER of Roses, Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers,
Ferns, and Flowering Plants for Market.— Single ; many years'
practice in the London Trade. Good Budder. Eleven years*
character. — HORTUS. 246, Small Bridge, Rochdale.
To Nurserymen.
T^OREMAN PROPAGATOR and
-L GROWER.— Thorough knowledge of Propagating and
Growing Roses. Rhododendrons. Coniferje, Clematis, Hard and
Soft wooded. Stove, Greenhouse, and Cut Flower business. —
HORTUS, Mr. Needham, Stationer, 302, Kurkstall Road,
Burley, Leeds.
PROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market,
J- Plants, Cut Flowers. Fruit. Could take management.
Ten years' experience ; three years' character. — S. A ,
Mrs. Smith, Oak Terrace, Wheatland Lane, Seacombe,
Cheshire.
ROPAGATOR (AssiST.\NT), hard or soft-
wooded —Age 21 : seven years' experience. — W. C,
IS, Delaford Street, Crown Road, Fulham. S.W.
"DAILIFF and GARDENER. — Highest
-L' experience : also in Laying-out Parks, Gardens, Planta-
tions, Vineries, and Estate Work. — J. N., -x. King William
Street. Strand. W.C.
TMPROVER. — Age 19; six years' good
-I references.- A. B., Mr. Campbell, The Gardens, Mickle-
over Manor, near Derby.
TMPROVER, in large garden, in Houses,
J- under a Foreman. — Age 18 ; three years in gardens
Bothy preferred. — J. PENTON, The Gardens, Grately,
Andover, Hants.
TMPROVER, in a good establishment, in the
-L Houses. — Age 20 ; five years' experience, Indoors and Out.
Good character. Premium /g. Please state wages and par-
ticulars.—LEWIS DEIGHTON, Shopwhyke House, near
Chichester.
To Nurserymen and Seedsmen.
BOOK-KEEPER, CLERK, SHOPMAN,
or could Manage a Business.— Age 38 ; can be well recom-
mended. First-class references— A. B., Mr. Homer, Stationer,
6, Broad Street, Birmingham.
SHOPMAN.— Age 23 ; well up in the Retail
Seed and Bulb Trade. Eight years' experience. Highly
recommended.— A, B., 354, Fairfield Terrace, York Road.
Wandsworth, S.W.
To Seedsmen.
SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT).— Age 22 ; strong,
active, and well educated. Has had five years' experience
in the Wholesale and Retail Trade, with a knowledge of the
Value of Plants. First-class references.- D. B., 12, Wetheral
Street, Carlisle.
O FLORISTS.— Wanted, by a youth (age
18), a situation in a Florist's. References as to respect-
ability can be given. — A. D , 5. Glaskin Street, South Hackney,
London. E.
APPRENTICE. -A Nurseryman is desirous
of placing his son (nearly 16), who has received a good
education, with a good Retail Seed Firm, in order to Learn the
Seed Trade in detail, and to reside with the proprietor. A fair
Premium for a suitable engagement would be readily agreed to.
Address letter with particulars to G. J., care of Messrs. Hurst
& Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.
PACKER (Head), in one of the London
Nurseries.— Cause of leaving, death of employer. Three
years' good reference.— C. W., The Rocks, Maresfield, Sussex.
TTOLLO WAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.
-*--*-_ — Notable Facts. — Summer heats augment the annoyances
of skin disease, and encourage the development of febrile
disorders : wherefore they should, as they may, be removed by
these detergent and purifying preparations. In stomach com-
plaints, liver affections, pains and spasms in the bowels,
Holloway "s unguent well rubbed over the affected part imme-
diately gives the greaie-st ease, prevents Congestion and Inflam-
mation, checks the tlreatening Diarrhiea, and averts incipient
Cholera. The poorer inhabitants of large cities will find these
remedies to be their best friend when any pestilence rages, or
when, from unknown causes, Eruptions, 'Boils, Abscesses, or
Ulcerations, betoken the presence of taints or impurities within
the system, and call for instant and effective curative medicines.
128
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 28, 1883.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, \\th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
KEITH'S PATENT HOT-WATER BOILERS.
Can be heightened or lowered, or made to suit any require-
ments. They stand complete in themselves, and require no
building work, being wholly water-jacktted and thus entirely
free from risk by fire. They can be had all sizes, to heat from,
say, a few feet up to 8000 feet of 4-inch pipe each ; are now
in all parts of the world, and are unrivalled as being the best,
most powerful, and most economical Hot-water Boilers in use.
HIGHEST
AWARDS
WH E REVE R
EXHIBITED
Established 1823.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
KEITH'S
PRIZE
HYDRAULIC RAMS
and HYDRAXTLIC
RAM PUMPS.
Self Actlnff,
For Raising Water, are
the most powerful, most
efficient, and most dur-
able in use.
Specimen Extracts from Testimonials :—
From W. Morgan Robbins, Esq , Architect^ llfracomhe,
St'piembey g, 1880.
" T am delighted with your Boiler ; it answers admirably, and
the directors are satisfied that it is one of the best ^25 worth
ever put in the hotel."
Fro7n Q. C. Chalmers, Gardens ^James Mudie, Esq.,
Broughty Ferry, September 15, 1S80.
"Your Boiler beats all my expectations ; at present one fire
serves for twelve hours, and keeps up a good, steady heat."
From Isaac Holden, Esq.. Oak-worth House, Keighley, York-
shire, yune 19, i88r.
"Your Boilers are the best we have tried." (Note: One of
these Boilers heats nearly 8oco feet of 4-inch pipe.)
From Wm. Eraser, Kippe?i Gardens, Ditnnittg, Pertltshire,
December 6, 1881.
" I consider your Boiler most efficient ; as for economy, it is
the acme of perfection."
From Rev. James Cabdwell, Military Academy^ HigUla?ids,
yersey, December 31, iS3t.
"Nothing could be better than the Boiler you sent me; it
burns all sorts of rubbish, and gives an excellent heat."'
Frofn Arthur Booty, JEsq.. Rose Villa Nurseries, High
Harrogatey March 22. i88z.
• Your Boiler has exceeded all my expectations ; it will pay
for itself as a fuel saver in a short time. It heats 20C0 feet of
4inch pipe."
Keith's Treatise on " Heating by Artificial Means," post-free,
for twelve stamps. -py- *p T FH TT * Q
PATENT MINERAL OIL GAS WORKS, are unrivalled for use in the Country or in the Colonies.
PATENT SECTIONAL HOT-WATER COIL TABLES, have three times the Radiating Surface of any other form of Pipe Coil.
PATENT OPEN FIRE, Ornamental HOT- WATER APPARATUS, combining Warmth, Cheerfulness. Ventilation and Perfect Safety.
JAMES KEITH, GAS, HYDRAULIC and HEATING ENGINEER, LONDON, EDINBURGH, and ARBROATH.
57, Holborn Viaduct, London, E.G. 120, George St., Edinburgli. High St., Arbroatli.
)
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
of every description con-
structed, erected, fitted,
and heated.
T.H.P.Dennis&Co.,
Mansion House BuUdlngs,
London, EC.
Works : Cbelmsford.
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.
Price 3d., Post Free 3|d.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED.
MESSENGER & CO.'S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, vrttli tlie least obstruction to llgbt and sun, the greatest Strengtli and Rigidity.
The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.
Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.
Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates oj Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses
Forcing Houses, &'c., recently erected by M. S-" Co., for 24 stamps.
MESSENGEB & COMPANY, LOUGHBOBOUGH.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. —Saturday, July 28, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland — Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
Cstaljlifiijeti I84i.
No. 501.— Vol. XX. {ser.L.} SATURDAY, AUGUST 4, 1883. {
Registered at the General > Price 5(1
Post-office as a Newspaper. >•_ *,
WITH SUPPLEMENT. J f^OST-FREE, 5lf/.
CONTENTS.
Acrostichum magnum .. 135
Anguloa Ruckeri retusa . 135
Campanula carpatica .. 140
Canadian notes .. .. i$i
Carn.ilions, border .. 146
Cattleya superbum splen-
dens ... . . . . 142
Cedars in Scotland .. 148
Chrysanthemum bcgetum 149
Clematis vioma coc-
cinea .. .. .. 146
Cork Oak in New Zea-
land . . . . . . 147
Corisande's garden .. 145
Curtis' Botanical Maga-
sine .. .. .. 149
Cypripedtum Lawrencla-
nutn .. .. .. 142
East Lothian Stocks .. 146
Eschschultzia Rose Car-
dinal . . . . 151
Fernery, a natural .. 151
Forestry .. .. .. 142
Fruit crops of 18S3 133, 136
135
140
146
140
144
154
150
143
14a
147
143
Orchid notes
Peaches and Nectarines .
Peach wall at Diiton
Paik
Phacelia campanularia ..
Phalaris arundinacea . .
Pickles, new
Plants in (lower . .
,, some rare old
I, new garden
„ and their culture ..
Potato crop, the . .
Primroses, thrum-eyed . .
Raspberry, curious dis-
ease in a
Rodgersia podophylla
142
143
146
135
144
147
140
141
I3S
M3
150
14S
144
240
Ruta pataviiia . . , . 140
Sandersonia aurantiaca.
Slough, a Carnation show
146
153
Societies : —
Caterham Horticul-
tural 154
Colnbrook Horticul-
tural ..
Spirsas .. .. ..14
Strawberry, a monstroui
alpine .. .. .. 145
Sunningdale Nursery ,. J50
Trade groups . . . . 148
Tulipa, the species of . . 153
Turner, Charles (with
portrait).. ., .. 134
Valve, the Reliance
Rotary ., .. .. 149
Vanda teres . . .. 142
Weather, the . . 155
Wild flowers . . .. 149
154
Fungi, edible
Geranium argenteus
Gilia aggregata . .
Gladiolus Colvillei albus
Grass-lacd experiments .
Herbaceous border, the .
Kelton Hall
Kitchen garden . .
l.:Elia Veilchiana X
Mahogany in Honduras .
Melons and Cucumbers .
Mulleins . ,
Obitusry .. .. .. 154
OichidSi list of garden .. 152
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Lselia Veitchiana X , {See Supplementary Sheet )
Phacelia campanularia . . , . , . . . . . , . 135
Portrait of Mr. Charles Turner . . , . . , . . 145
Rodgersia podophylla 141
A'alve, the Reliance Rotary .. ,, 149
SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY'S GREAT SUMMER SHOW,
The Quarry, Shrewsbury, WEDNESDAY and THURS-
DAY. August 15 and 16. FOUR HUNDRED POUNDS in
FRIZES. For best 20 Plants, ;£2S, ;<;20. iiS. Schedules and
full particulars from
Messrs. ADNITT and NAUNTON, Hon. Sees.
Shrewsbury.
AIDENHEAD HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL SHOW of this Society will be held in Kid-
well's Park, on THURSDAY, August 23. The Band of Her
Majesty's Scots Guards will perform during the afternoon.
About 200 PRIZES, from €os. downwards, will be offered,
and 100 PRIZES for COTTAGERS' PRODUCE (no entrance
fees in this class). Entries close August 16, except Cottagers,
who can enter up to August 20, Admission, 21. 6^. ; from
z until half-past 3, is. ; from half-past 3 tUl 6, 6^. Schedules
and Rules may be had of Mr. O. K 1 NG. Hon. Sec.
DUNDEE HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
The ANNUAL SHOW will be held in the Drill Hall, on
AUGUST 30 and 31 and SEPTEMBER i, being one week
later than advertised in Schedule. Entries Close, August 25.
DAVID P. SCOTT. Secretary.
SPECIAL OFFE r7—
PELARGONIUMS, best market varieties : red and
while BOUVARDIAS, ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. StrooE
plants of each, in thumbs, 20s. per 100, for prompt cash.
ROBERTS EROS, and ARNOLD, East Grinstead, Sussex.
AOUILEGIA GLAND^ULOSA (true).—
Seed, just collected, 2r. 6^/. and 5^, per packet ; i-yr. Seed-
lings, now ready, 2s. kd. per dozen. Usual discount to the Trade.
R. AND A. MORRISON, The Nurseries. Elgin.
Hardy Prtrarose and Polyanthus Seed.
ANTHONY WATERER begs to offer
SEED of the strain exhibited by him in the Spring at
the Meetings of the Royal Hoiticuliural and Royal Botanic
Societies of London, and also at Manchester, in Packets at 5,1.
each, post-free on receipt of cash or stamps.
Knap Hill Nursery. Woking. Surrey.
A QUI LEG I A GLAN DULOSA
-^^ (Grigor's Variety).— 10.000 to offer. Plants to bloom next
spring, isj, per 100 ; smaller, lor. Seed, just collected, is. 6d.
and 5J. per packet. Usual discount to the Trade.
R. AND A. MORRISON. The Nurseries, Elgin.
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEO^
-■- LARI AS.— Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans-
planted Seedlings, at 8j. per 100, ^os. per 1000. package and
carnage free for cash with orders. Good strong Marechal Niel
and other Tea ROSES, in 48-pots, at 6oi. per 100.
_jr;_FLETCH ERRAND SON, Florists, &c., Chesterfield.
I QPIR^A JAPONICA, strong Clumps Ibr
•^forcing, 15J. perioo, ^6 per 1000. ROSES. Standards,
Half-standards, and Dwarfs, in first-class varieties. Hardy Ghent
HOLLIES and Indian AZALEAS and RHODODENDRONS,
j ">, splendid collections of the most showy sorts, and strong plants
with buds. Will supply the ab')ve named articles in quantity in the
next season, at the lowest prices. Price on application. Apclv to
ED. PARRfi, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium.
S
For Sowing In August.
SUTTONS' CALCEOLARIA. THE BEST.
From Mr. J. Darbvshike, Gardener to W. Smith, Esq.,
Wilmslow, May 16, 18S3.— "I got First Prize with your Per-
fection Calceolarias at the Botanic Show on Friday. They are
really splendid, 2 feet through, and well marked."
Price. IS. 6rf., is. 6d., and 5^. per packet, post-free.
SUTTONS' CINERARIA. THE BEST.
From Mr. H. K. Wakd, Gardener to W. H. Budgett,
Esq., Stoke Bishop, April 2, 1883,—" Your Cineraria is the best
strain I have yet seen. I have taken the Premier Prize with
them three years in succession. Your strain took the First
Prize against fourteen or fifteen competitors, and a finer half-
dozen plants could scarcely be got together."
Price, IS. 6d., 2s. Sd., and 51. per packet, post-free.
SUTTONS' PRIMULA. "^HE BEST.
From F. J. Walker. Esq., The Priory, Bath, Jan. 3,
1883.—" I took First Prize for Primulas at the Bath Chrysan-
themum and Primula Show from the seed you supplied us with
last year. There was a great competition. Your strain cannot
be surpassed."
Price, IS. 6d.t 21. 6*/., 3^. 6d., and ss. per packet, post-free.
SUTTONS' BEGONIA. THE BEST.
" The Begonias are perfection. I have a small con-
servatory entirely filled with them, which are the admiration of
all my friends."— J. Darlington. Esq., Netherwood.
Price, is., is. 6d.t 2s. 6d., and 5^. per packet, post-free.
SUTTONS' GLOXINIA. THE BEST.
From Miss DuNsTERViLLE, Airdie, Malvern Link, Feb. 3,
1883.—" The Gloxinia seed has produced the finest blooms I
have ever seen even in the Crystal Palace Show."
Price, 2^. 6ii. and 55. per packet, post-free.
UTTON AND SONS,
The Queen's Seedsmek READING, BERKS.
ORCHIDS. — We invite intending Purchasers
to pay us a visit and inspect our Houses.
The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63.
Tea Roses— Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
ELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS, single and
double; PYRETHRUMS, single and double; PHLOXES and
TEA ROSES : CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, LUles, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
H. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
■• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials.
Post-free on application.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
F. BOEKEE, Leiden, Holland, has a
• large Stock of CONVALLARIA CLUMPS. Price
50s, per ICO. Sample on application.
rPEA ROSES IN POTS.-Several thousands
-*- '° off", clean, healthy, and full of buds, including a line
lot of Matc'chal Niel and Niphetos— the latter in several sizes
Prices on application.
F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Golden Fanner, Fam-
borough Station.
/ 1H0ICE SELECTIONS of ALPINES^
V^ HERBACEOUS PLANTS.-ioo for ^Ss ; 200, 60s. ■ 300
e'^v',i'S\'Ai%' 5°°' =°°'- Distinct species, established in pots.
SA.Vlf RACES— 100. z8f. : 200, looj., distinct species and var.
CATALOGUE on application.
STANSFIELD BROS., Soulhport.
INE PLANTS, surplus, for SALE or
EXCHANGE. WANTED, GERANIUM CUT-
TINGS, SPECIMEN PLANTS, &c.
J-M., 19. Waterloo Place, North Shields.
MESSRS. SQUELCH and^BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
ANTED, SNOWDROPS, Single and
Double. Sample and price to
FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Seedsmen, Norwich.
To the Trade.
WANTED, for Delivery in Autumn, several
thousands each of SPANISH CHESTNUTS and
SCOTCH FIR, 3 to 4 feet, transplanted. State quantity and
lowest cash price to
A. JEFFKINS AND COMPANY (late John Cattell), Nur-
serymen, &c., Westerham, Kent.
ANTED, PEACHES, NECTARINES,
GRAPES. TOMATOS, &c Also EUCHARIS,
GARDENIAS, Marechal Niel ROSES, ORCHIDS,
STEPHANOTIS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden
To the Trade.
TAMES CARTER, DUNNETT AND
tf BEALE'S CATALOGUE of Bulbs, Plants, atd Horti-
cultural Sundries, has now been posted to every Customer;
should it have miscarried another copy will be sent on appli-
cation to
237 and 238. High Holborn, London, W.C.
BERGMANN and BARTHT^Wholesale
Seedsmen. Leipstc. Germany, desire to RECEIVE
IMMEDIATELY the NEWEST CATALOGUES of SEEDS.
QUILEGIA GLANDULOSA
(Grigor's, guaranteed True).
Fine young plants of the above beautiful Columbine, to bloom
next spring, ^os. per loo, or 6s. per dozen. Also Seed, jusl
gathered, at ■2s. 6d. and 5s. per packet, from
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres, N.B.
The Trade supplied at Wholesale Prices.
To the Trade only.
EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nursery-
• MKN, Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland.
The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 365a) of Dutch Flower
Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and TuberouS' rooted Plants
for 1883-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen. Florists, and Seedsmen.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from isi. to 24s. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
Now in Full Bloom.
JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS
BEGONIAS. Gold Medal Collection, are the grandest floral
display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors.
Railway Stations— Catford Bridge, 5 minutes' walk ; Forest
Hill, 15 minutes to Stanstead Park Nursery. Forest HilL
To the Trade only.-lO.OOO Maidenhair Ferns.
MESSRS. PERKINS and SONS are now
ofl^ering a very fine lot of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM,
in 72*s, at 20s. per 100. Sample plant per post (to intending
purchasers) sent on application, u. per 100 package.
Warwick Road and Park Nurseries, Coventry.
Roses on Own Roots.
/^^ATHERINE MERMET,
V^ GLOIRE DE DIJON. ISABELLA SPRUNT,
RfiVE p'OR, &c.
Strong plants, 12 in. to 15 in. high, ys. per dozen, carriage paid
MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
TEA ROSES, fine plants, in s-inch pots—
Marechal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others — 50^- per 100.
BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-pots, best kinds,
including Alfred Neuner, price 40s. per 100.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus. Lilies, &c.
CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready and
may be had on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London, E.C.
To the Trade. ~
WAITE, NASH, HUGGINS, and CO.'S
Wholesale CATALOGUE of Hyacinths and other
Bulb?, has been Posted to all their Customers. If not received
another Copy shall be sent on application.
79. Southwark Street, London, S.E.
E L G I A N PLANTS.—
CAMEt.LIAS, chiefly double white; AZALEA INDICA
and MOLLIS, in every size and sorts ; DICKSONIA AN-
TARCTICA, fine plants.
LOUIS EECKHAUTE, The Nurseries, St. Denis,
Westrem, near Ghent.
CREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.;
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Double White Sweet Scented
NARCISSUS BULBS for SALE, £i per
100. Apply to
T. MILLS, Market Gardener, Chiswick, Middlesex.
STRAWBERRIES.-^^e'are now prepared
to supply strong, healthy Plants, from ground and in
pots, of all the most approved kinds. A select descriptive
LIST post-free on application.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth. Herts.
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS.— Alpha, Due
de Malakoff, Duke of Edinburgh, The Countess, Black
Prince, Frogmore Late Pine. Crimson Queen, Lucas, James
Veitch. Sir Harry, Sir Joseph Paxlon, Amateur, Marshal
McMahon, President. Keens' Seedling, Sir Charles Napier,
Vicomtesse H. de Thury.
FREEMAN, Seed Growers, Norwich.
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS, from Twenty
Choice Varieties. Price LISTon application. Sample box
of plants wuh fruit, 4d. " Manual on Strawberry Culture," 6*/.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.
I30
THE GARDENEkS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Friday Uext.
CATTLEYAS and ODONTOGLOSSUMS.
VANDA SANDERIANA.
MESSRS PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instracted by Mr. F. Sander to S ELL by AUCTION,
at their Cenfral Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.G., on
FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely, a Brand
lot of CATTLEYAS and ODONTOGLOSSUMS : also
splendid sound plants of VANDA SANDERIANA, in fine
specimens ; also about fifty lots of ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS, and a quantity of ORCHIDS in flower.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Friday Next.
LjELIA PURPURATA-54 Cases.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have been instructed by Mr. Bells, of Rio de Janeiro, to
SELL by AUC riON, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, 54 Cases of L«LIA PURPURATA, in grand con-
dition.: also some very fine plants of ZYGOPETALUM
GAUTHIERI. The Lselia purpurata ate in splendid con-
dition, and will be sold in the Cases.
Oil view the day previous to Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms,
aindS, New Broad Street, E.G.
Dutch Bulbs.— Trade Sales.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that they have made special arrange-
ments for very extensive consignments of DUTCH BULBS of
the best quality during^the ensuing season.
The FIRST SALES will take place at their Rooms on
AUGUST 20, 23, 27, and 30, and will consist of lots made up
particularly for the Trade and other large buyers.
Gentlemen desirous of receiving Catalogues throughout the
season can have a regular supply on application to the Auc-
tioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E C,
and enclosing twelve stamps.
Tuesday Next.— (Sale No. 6439 )
PERIODICAL SALE of POULTRY and PIGEONS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, August 7. at
half.past 14 o'clock precisely, PRIZE and PRIZE-BRED
POULTRY, comprising Silver-spangftd and Black Hamburghs,
Minorcas and Houdans, from the Honourable Lady Murray ;
Black Spanish, Buff and White Cochins, Andalusians, Light
and Dark Brahmas, Golden-spangled Polands, Malays, Ban-
tams, &c. . from several well-known exhibitors. Also choice
PIGEONS, including Red and Yellow Jacobins, Magpies,
Turbits, Checkered Homers, Silver Runts, Yellow Dragons,
and a variety of other BIRDS from the yards and lofts of well-
known breeders and exhibitors.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6440.)
A grand importation of
CATTLEYA MENDELII,
CATTLEYA GIGAS, CATTLEYA AUREA,
ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM,
O. CRISPUM, O. PESCATOREI,
O. SPECIES, supposed to be new ;
MASDEVALLIA MACRURA, rare;
M. TROCHILUS and M. HARRYANA :
the whole of the above in the best possible condition,
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Govent Garden, W.G., by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth,
Carder & Co.. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, August 8, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, the above fine IMPORTATIONS of
ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
ODONTOGLOSSUM. New Species.
CATTLEYA SANDERIANA.
VANDA SANDERIANA.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Govent Garden, W.C, on
THURSDAY NEXT, August 9, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, a grand importation of the above.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
L^LIA ANCEPS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE on THUBSDAY NEXT, August 9. by order
of Messrs. F. Horsman & Co., about 50 lots of selected pieces
of the above, all in superb condition.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6441,)
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXl'. August 9, about 300
lots of good ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from private collec-
tions, comprising a quantity of Odonloglossum Alexandra and
O. Pescatorei, Oncidiums. Masdevallias. Cattleyas, Gypripe-
diums, Epidendrums, 50 Dendrobium infundibutum in flower,
and a small collection of NEPENTHES in variety, a few
STOVE PLANTS. &c.
On view morning of Sate, and Catalogues had.
Established Orchids, Palms, Dracsnas, Stepbanotls,
FICUS, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include about
go lots ol the above in his SALE, on THURSDAY,
August 9, from the Royal Exotic Nursery. 'Tooting.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Auction Rooms and Offices,38, King Street.Covent Garden, W. C.
Lselia elegans.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on
THURSDAY, August 16, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a
very grand importation of the above. Further particulars in
nfiXt adverti--emeDt.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Dutch Bulbs.— Trade Sales.
MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce
that his first SALES of DUTCH BULBS will take
place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden,
W.C, on WEDNESDAY, August 15,
SATURDAY, August 18,
WEDNESDAY, August 22,
SATURDAY, August 25,
WEDNESDAY. August 29,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, and will include
chiice Double and Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CRO-
CUSES, NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, &c., from well known
Farms in Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
R. JNO. COWAN will SELL by AUC-
TION, for the Liverpool Horticultural Company (John
Cowan), Limited, on THURSDAY, August 9, at 12 o'clock
prompt, in the Concert Room at the Horticultural Gardens,
Leeds, a splendid assortment of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS,
consisting of Dendrobiums crassinode Barberianum, Parishi,
Dalhousianum, Wardianum, Dearei, Pieiardi latifolia. Jamesi-
anum, &c. ; Aerides, Saccolabiums, Vandas, Phal^Qopsis,
Odontoglossoms, Cattleyas, and many other varieties, all
healthy plants making good growth : also a fine variety of
Aerides Lobbi from the Indian Archipelago, Thrixspermum
Berkeley], Dendrobium Veitchianum, D. formosum Berkeleyi,
PhalEenopsis Esmeralda, P. amabilis, and Aerides Emericii, irom
Lieut. Col. E. S. Berkeley ; and an importation of Cattleya
labiata, just to hand, from Rio de Janeiro. Also a fine collection
of FLOWERING and ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, consist-
ing of Tea Roses, Pelargoniums, Geraniums, Fuchsias, Lilies,
Begonias, Maidenhair and other Ferns, Palms, Coleus, Gre-
villeas, &c., all in fine health and condition, and suitable for
Conservatory, Greenhouse, Table, and Window Decoration.
Plants on view at the Concert Room, on the 7th, 8th, and
morning of Sale.
Catalogues on application to The Vineyard, Garston,
Liverpool.
WANTED, a SMALL HOUSE, standing
in an acre or more of ground ; with Fruit Trees and
Greenhouse or two preferred. Not more than 8 miles from
London. Apply to
J. F., 47, Fulham Palace Road, Hammersmith, \V.
Investment.— Important to Orcnid Growers.
15 miles from London.
FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked
HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS— proprietor wishing
to devote his whole time to another Business in which he is
engaged. Capital opening for Growing Orchids.
Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New
Broad Street. E.G.— (Folio 5865.)
or" sale7 "s I d cu p^hill nursery,
Foot's Cray, Kent. Estabhshed over fifty years, and
widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of
the death (without issue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim, the Stock,
Leases, Business Structures, &c, of this Nursery are to be
immediately disposed of.
For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the above address.
OR SALE, a NURSERY and FLORIST
BUSINESS, in the North of Scotland. The Grounds
extend to 11 acres, held on 11 years leases, the greater part of
the terms being unexpired. The subjects include 3 Green-
houses, with Hot-water Appliances, and a number of Frames.
The Stock, which is in fiist-class condition, consists of several
millions of Seedling and Transplanted Forest Trees (for the
prime quality of which the nursery is well-known). Ornamental
and Fruit Trees. Shrubs. Bushes, and Flowers of every descrip-
tion. The sale is rendered necessary by dissolution of partner-
ship, and offers a splendid opportunity for acquiring a good
going established busmess.
Further particulars from GRIGOR and YOUNG, Solicitors,
Elgin, N.B.
INVESTMENT.— A most comfortable, newly
erected MODERN RESIDENCE, at Twickenham, close
to the Station and the river Thames — Dining-room, 24 X 18;
Billiard-room same size, two other Reception-rooms, seven
Bedrooms, Stabling, Grounds half an acre in extent, tastefully
laid out ; fine Orchid and Plant-houses, with all modern im-
provements. The whole most suitable to a Gentleman with a
taste for horticulture. Price. ,£2300.
Address, D., Messrs. Pottle & Son, Royal Exchange, who
will give cards to view.
O GARDENERS AND OTHERS.— An
opportunity occurs for PURCHASING a Plot of
FREEHOLD LAND, Propagating and Two Glass Houses,
fitted with Hot-water Pipes, Boiler, &c- ; also Goodwill of
Florist's Business, carried on by owner for five years. Leaving
to take larger Business. Price for Freehold, Goodwill, and
everything, ^ti^s (,£200 can remain and be repaid by instalments).
Apply, Mr. SALMON. Estate Agent, Kingston-on-Thames.
O BE LET, ON LEASE, a good JOBBING
and LOCAL BUSINESS, upon favourable terms.
Apply 10 Mrs. G. SMITH, Tollington Nursery, Tollington
Park, Hornsey Road, N.
Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed
BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
8, New Broad Street. EC.
ROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horti-
CULTURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers
and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.G., and at Leyton-
stone, £. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.
MILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass. White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
HADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED.
— This seed has been grown by careful selection for six-
teen years, and planting the stems where the produce would
not he likely to be affected by Bees. It is liked by the Evesham
gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and is
recommended to Farmers as a safe crop to plant — selling the
Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and good enough
— feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price yj. per pound
in small quantities ; 5^. i>d. per pound for 20 lb. and upwards
For Cash only. Apply to
Mr. RAN DELL, Chadbury, near Evesham.
)ARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SEEDS.
PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SEEDS,
Carriage free.
ARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SPECIAL
ORDER ROOMS and Parcels Post-office now open.
ARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SPECIAL
VANS and TRUCKS will deliver parcels hourly during
the day to the Post-oftice.
CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by
Royal Command to H. R, H. the Prince of Wales.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W.C.
T^ARLY FORCING BULBS.
JAMES ^CARTER and CO. have RE-
CEIVED THEIR FIRST CONSIGNMENTS of the
above in splendid condition.
LANT AT ONCE, EARLY FORCING.
CARTERS' BULBS FOR THE DECORATION of
the CONSERVATORY, DRAWING ROOM, &c., &c., at.
CHRISTMAS TIME.
EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, 2Si. per loo,
3J. dd. per dozen, ^d. each.
EARLY WHIIE ROMAN HYACINTHS (Blue Skin),
17J. 6.i. per roo. aj. dd. per dozen. 3-/. each.
EARLY BLUE ROMAN HYACINTHS, 121. id. per 100,
ij. 9(/. per dozen, id. each.
LIGHT BLUE NEAPOLITAN, isi. per 100, 21. per dozen,
"id. each.
DARK BLUE NEAPOLITAN, iss. per 100, 2i. per dozen,!
"id, each.
EARLY DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS, 21. id. per
dozen, ^d. each.
EARLY PAPER-%VHITE NARCISSUS, u. 9^. per dozen,
3</. each.
DOUBLE SNOWDROPS, large, 211. per 1000, 21. id. per
100, 5£f. per dozen.
SINGLE SNOWDROPS, large, 211. per 1000.21. 6./, per
ICO, 5*/. per dozen.
DUCVANTHOL TULIPS, red and yellow, single, loJ. per
100, \s. id. per dozen.
ALLIUM NEAPOLITANUM, loi. per 100, ^s. id. pet-
dozen.
NOTE. — These prices are not binding after the pubUcation
of Carters' Autumn Catalogue.
COLLECTIONS of the above, price ss., 7s. id , 161., 241.,
45J., and 655.
CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen.'
By Royal Command to the Prince of Wales.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London , W.G.
OINSETTIA PULCHERRIMA, at 20s.
per 100, £& per looo ; now ready for 48's.
SMITH AND LARKE, Ashford, Middlesex.
Double WUte Primulas.
HB. MAY has an unusually fine stock to
• ofTer, in large thumbs, fit for immediate potting. Price
on application.
Dyson's Lane Nursery, Edmonton.
To tlie Trade.
BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING
RAS PBE RRV.
Special Prices for Orders before September i may be had on
application.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, Hull.
Eentla Belmorlana.
T7-ENTIA FOSTERIANA.
-'^*- Offered in clean and healthy plants, with three leaves, in
single pots, at ^4 10s. per 100 seeds ; of ARECA SAPIDA, at/i
per icoo.
J. HENRY KRAUSE,
Hanwell Nursery, London, W.
PARCELS POST.— Mr. WM. GORDON is
prepared to give the full benefit of the Parcels Post to his
customers, and will forward package and carriage free all orders
of Ten Shillings and upwards. This will enable his Customers!*
the country to purchase Plants at the same price as is paid at the
nursery by those resident in London and Suburbs.
The fact ihat these plants with ordinary care can be grown in
a greenhouse has given an impetus to orders, and nearly all
lovers of flowers are now Orchid growers and are forming col-
lections, which, besides being very interesting, will become
valuable as there are no plants which pay better for growing
into specimens.
The following are a few of the varied and cheap ORCHIDS
which are held in quantities : the special ORCHID LIST for
August will be forwarded, post-free, on application : —
C. denotes Cool, /. Intermediate, and S, Stove Plants,
Each— J. d.
C. AERIDES JAPONICUM, a beautiful sweet-scented
Orchid ; flowers white, spotted with rose colour.
Four to six leaves . . . . . . . . ..26
/. AERIDES VIRENS.— This, one of the best of the
Orchids. Six to seven leaves. . .3.1. 6d. and 5 o
C. BLETIA HYACINTHINA, beautiful free-flo*erinB
hardy Orchid ; grows well out-of-doors ; can be left
out all the year on a south border. Strong clumps.
zs. &d. and 3 6
C. CALANTHE DISCOLOR, very free-flowering and
beautiful. Strong plants, 26
C. CALANTHE SIEBOLDI. beautiful evergreen, cool-
house species, with large yellow flowers 25. 6f;f. and 3 6
C. CATTLEYA CITRINA. beautiful sweet-scented
Orchid, with large yellow flowers .. 21. e^/. and 3 6
/. CATTLEYA DOLOSA.— This is a very beautiful
little Cattleya, with large flowers, ten and twelve
bulbs . . . . %s. 6d. and 5 o
/. CATTLEYA MOSSI-^. — This is best of all
Cattleyas ; it is a free-grower, very beautiful and
free-flowering ; five to ten bulbs . . 2s. td. and 3 6
/. COLAX JUGOSUS. — Flowers very beautiful;
white, with numerous rich dark purple spots.
C. CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE.—Thisgoodold species
is very easily grown ; a free-flowering plant. Those
offered are well established, but unflowered im-
ported plants, and they probably contain some
exceptionally fine varieties.
AH orders to be addressed to WM. GORDON. New Plant ■
and Bulb Importer, 10, Cullum Street, London, E.C., and NOT
I to the Nursery, Twickenham, Middlesex.
August 4, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
131
1883.J Offer of Seeds from [1884.
AL I E T Z E, Rio de Janeiro, lira/il.
• Gross Prices in Shillings,
ACROCOMIA sclerocarpa . .
ARAUCARIA brasiliensis ..
ARECA lutescens
t) >i • ■ .. 5.000 Seeds, 100s.
.. 10,000 Seeds, idoj".
„ madagasc.
,, rubra
., It ■■ .. 5,ooD Seeds, 50J.
• •■)■' .. lo.ooQ Seeds, Sox.
ASTROCARYUM Airi
ATTALEA specioiia ..
BACIRIS Maraja
CARYOTA sobolifera
„ ureos
COCOS campesttis ,.
,, flexuosa ..
„ oleracea
,, plumosa . . .. .. ,.
i» •. .. .. 5, coo Seeds, 120^.
,, Procopcana
„ Weddelliana
t> 5.C00 Seeds, 2oof.
II 11 ■ . .. 10,000 Seeds. 171; J.
COFFEA arablca .. .. ..
„ ,, yellow fruit variety
., ,, variety Maragogipe
COPERNICIA cerifera ..
DESMONCUS, sp. Rio ..
DIPLOTHEMIUM caudescens ..
., maritimum
ELAElS guineensis ..
EUTERPE edulis
GEONOMA gracilis
I _ ■• 5,000 Seeds, I joj.
„ Schottiana
GLAZIOVA insignis
!•>>■■ . . 5,000 Seeds, noes.
LIVISTONA sinensis
>•■>•• •• 5,000 Seeds, 4oi'.
I .. 10,000 Seeds, los.
MASSANGEA tignna(Brom) ..
OREODOXA oleracea
PANDANUS utilis
•I >i ■• .. 5,000 Seeds, 8ar.
i> II •• >• 10,000 Seeds, isor.
RAVENALA madagasc, ..
PHILODENDRON bipinnatif. >
t, speciosum . . . . J
.1 5,000 Seeds. 755.
.> It .. .. io,oo3 Seeds, 120s.
Less than ico Seeds each sort
R'P-'"^- S=e^s. sTd",
April
are not delivered.
Sept.
10
So
May
5
30
Jan.
4
25
June
4
20
Jan.
2
12
Niv.
120
May
3=
Nov.
6
40
irregularly
6
40
,,
6
40
,,
7
50
Sept.
5
30
Jan.
10
80
irregularly
S
30
Niv.
30
Dec.
7
50
May
2
'$
,.
3
25
,,
5
40
Jan.
10
83
May
10
Nov.
■5
no
April
12
ICO
May
12
I03
6
10
March
5
30
June
5
10
Dec.
7
SO
Aug.
2
10
May
5
30
irregularly
2
10
Free by Post or Rail.
TAMES DICKSON and SONS offer
^-^ selected stocks of the following : —
CABBAGE, Dickson's Nonsuch, is. per ounce.
,, Ellarn's Early Dwarf, u. per packet.
,, Early Rainham, 8(^. per ounce.
,. Improved Nonpareil, 8a'. pei ounce.
CAULIKl.OWER. Improved Early London, is. 6(i. per ounce.
CUCUMBER, Rollisson's TelcEraph, 2^. 6d. per packet.
LETTUCE, Dickson's Hardy Winter Cabbage, is. per packet.
,, Hardy White Cos, is. i,d. per ounce.
ONION, Giant Rocca Tripoli. \cd. per ounce.
„ Red and White Italian Tripoli, each. ic*^. per ounce.
Also choice strains of CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA,
GLOXINIA (erect and drooping varieties). PRIMULA SI-
NENSIS FIMBRIATA (red. white, or mixed), in is. 6d.,
■2S. 6d., and 5s. packets ; and all other VEGETABLE and
FLOWER SEEDS for present or later sowing.
108, Eastgate Street, Chester.
To the Trade.
RED-BERRIED SOLANUMS.
H
UGH LOW AND CO. offer the above,
'n 48-sized pots, at £2 *5^- to .^5 P^f loo-
Clapton Nursery, London, E.
NOTICE TO THE TBADE.
MESSRS. GREGORY &. EVANS
beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally,
that they have the largest stock of ERICA HYEMALIS.
in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade. Other
varieties in proportion.
Inspeciiojt Invited.
LONGLANDS NURSERY, SIDCUP,
AND AT LEE, S.E.
SOLUBLE Fin TREE OIL INSECTICIDE.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and
Blight. Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a
good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, \s. 6(/.,
2J. 6i/., 4J. td. a bottle. Per gallon 12s. 6d , or less in larger
quantities. Maker. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale
Druggists. New York : Roli^er & Sons.
JOHI WAEIEE & SOIS,
By Special Appointment.
THE
Crescent Foundry,
CRIPPLEGATE,
LONDON, E.G.,
and the Foundry Works,
WALTON - ON -THE - NAZE,
Essex.
Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers, Bell and Brass
Founders, Braziers, and Coppersmiths.
„f^"' ^"-'' ■^"''"'' ^' if"!' awarded to Joim
Warntr &= Sails, by llu Roial Harlkiillurnl
Society, at Ihcir Exhibitions in London, May
1882 and 1883, /or Garden Engines, d-^r.
By Special AppoiDtment.
Manufacturers of
GILBERT'S
Patent Handlights
and Improved Regis-
p" tered and Patent
Handlights and Re-
spirators.
y. W. &• Sons' Hortu-iil!ural List, and Wind,
IVater, Steam, Horse, and Manual Poiver Pump'
in^ Machinery Cataiogues, on ap/'iication.
HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS. SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &0.
I HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES. SCHOOLS, PUBUC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS
HAENESS ROOMS, DRYDJa ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
^d. per bushel ; loo for 75; ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40J. ; 4-bushcl baps, id, each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6rf. per sack;
5 sacks. 25J ; sacks, nd. each.
BLACK FIBKOUS PEAT. 51. per sack, s sacks aji. 1 sacks,
id. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND. is. gd. per bushel ; 15J. per half
ton, 265. per ton ; in 2 bushel bairs, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOUI.D, IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8t. 6</. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN .STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS.&c WrneforFrie
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 2r. Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called t7A. Coal Yard). W.C.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality (or Oichids.
Stove Plants. &c.. £6 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBKOUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant
Beds. 15J. per ton per Truck. S.tmple Bag, 5^ ; 5 Bags,
2!i. 6,/. ; to Bags, 4SS. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
loi 6rf. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coar.e or Fine, 52^. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, I5 per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 251. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station, Hants.
SILVER MED4L-1881. BRONIE MEDAL-ISSI.
To Her
Most
Gracious
Majesty
Queen
Victoria.
To His
Royal
Highness
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB»S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe,
Guaranteed AB.=iOLUTSLY Pure. Frek from anv
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '" Lag una " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following :— From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H. R H. the Prince of Wales : " The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorouRh boon. Make what
use you like of this letter," Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunping, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Bordering to Flower Beds. Combines ivarmth
and cleanliness with valuable antiseptic and deodoristng
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Hhat in Cold Weathkb,
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
is. 6d. each; 10 sacks. 13J. : 15 sacks, iZs. : 20 sacks, 23^.;
30 sacks, 30J. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £».
Limited quantities of P. M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, us. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, chj,bb_ ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London. E.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
JAU Sacks included.)
4 J. 6d. per sack.
PEAT, best brown fibrous
„ best black fibrous . .
„ extra selected Orchid
LOAM, best yellow fibrous
PREPARED COMPOST, best
LEAF MOULD ..
PEAT MOULD ..
SILVER SAND (coarse)
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only /.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported..
,, PAPER, finest imported .. .. ___
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
3i. 6d.
5 J. od. ,,
IS, per bushel (sacks
included).
IS. id. per bushel.
lod. per lb.
Zd. per lb,. 28 lb. i8f.
lad. per lb. , 28 lb. 21s.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by tlie
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
{JOHN COWAN). Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by them and all Nurserymen nttd Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation : giving extracts from Horticultural Pre^sand from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
132
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1883.
Speciality for Roses. _
BEESON'S ROSE MANURE.
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For particulars please apply to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffi Id.
Amortlser.— Amortiser. — Amortlser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly,
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate bloom or folbge. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watering the Ground which
Instantly Destrojs Slugs. Wireworms. Caterpillars, Grubs, &c
When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample
Cans, 4^ gallons, 35. 6d.^ tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, L-indon, S.E.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides
and all Parasites— To Prevent Ame-
rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale,
&c., and for Washing all Hard-
Wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S SOAP
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonial.
•' Coton Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880.
*' We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
Ametican Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
REMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
r^ ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
VJX of the leading Gardeners, t>ince 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, u., 3s., S: loj. 6i/.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, td
and ij. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited). London.
FLORAL GUM.
This Gum is guaranteed to effectually secure the petals
of flowers Irom falling. It is easily applied — dries
instantaneously — and leaves no stain on the blossom.
Un'versaily approved of by the leading Florists and Groioers.
{Sec Tesiunoitials )
" 18, Westbourne Grove, W., June 18, 1883.
'* Okntlemhn, — We have much pleasure in testifying to the
excellence of your Floral Gum, which we have used for some
years. It fixes the petals of fl jwers without injuring or staining
ihem.-Yours faithfully. ..j^S ^ POUNCE and SONS."
" Messrs. Hawes & Ckisp."
CRYSTAL GUM .. ai. o^. pint. 3^. 6^. quart. 12^. gallon
OPAQUE ,, .. -is.td. „ ss. gd. „ los. ,,
Sample Bottle of either kind sent post-free for is. -^d. in stamps.
HAWES & CRISP,
103, loS. 107. QUEEN'S ROAD, BAYSWATER, W.
SILVER SAND
DIRECT FROM PITS.
For lowest piice, write
HENRY WILKERSON,
LEIGHTON BUZZARD.
Orchid Baskets.
SIDNEY WILLIAMS' superior Octagonal
Teak ORCHID BASKETS, with Galvanised or Copper
Wire, from 6s. per dozen upwards. Send for new illustrated
Price LIST to 23, Farringdon Road, London. E.C.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
lOo yards for los., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 yards
for loj., delivered free per parcels post. Very useful pure Cotton
(or Curtains, Blinds. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley.
RCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.- All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. RafHa Fibre, Netting and Tiff'any,
Tarpaulins, Rlck-covers, Horse-clotbs, Ropes, _ Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J, BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and s. Wormwood Street, London, E C,
NEW SEEDS FOR AUTUMN SOWING
TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM, WINTER RAPE,
RYE, AGRICULTURAL MUSTARD, WINTER TARES,
ITALIAN RYE-GRA88, PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, (Sc.
Samples and Qnotaiions on application.
THE LAWSON SEED & NURSERY COMPANY
(LIMITED),
106, SOUTHWARK STREET, LONDON, S.E.
EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.
EARLY ROMAN and PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.
James Veitch & Sons
PRG TO ANNOtlNCE THBY HAVE RECEIVED THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF
THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING,
and will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.
WEDNESDAY NEXT.-(Sale, No. 6440.)
A GRAND IMPORTATION OF
CATTLEYA MENDELII,
CATTLEYA GIGAS, CATTLEYA AUREA,
ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM,
O. CRISPUM, O. PESCATOREI,
O. SPECIES, supposed to be new;
MASDEVALLIA MACRURA, rare;
M. TROCHILUS, and M. HARRYANA.
The whole of the above in the best possible condition.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 3S, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth,
Carder & Co., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, August 8, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the
above fine IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
^=^ §5
R. HALLIDAY & CO.,
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are th«
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the very best.
Conservatories and. "Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heat&g AppOTatUS, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.
PlaJis, Estimates and Catalogues free. Custovtcrs waited on in any pari of tJte Kingdom.
MODERitTE CHARGES.
Our Maxim is and always has been —
FIRST-CLASS WORE.
THE BEST MATERIALS.
AoGuvr 4, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
133
CABBAGE
FOR PRESENT SOWING
^^3 SUTTONS'
IMPERIAL.
The bebt Cab-
bage for spring
use. If sown the
first or second
week in AnRUst
it will produce
beautiful Cab-
bnges for early
spring use
Heads cone-
shaped, very
l.trge, firm, and
of mild fbivour.
Is. per ounce.
ENKIELU MARK.KT, 6-/. per ounce.
SUTTONS' IMPROVKD NONPAREIL, gj'. per ounce.
IMPROVED KARLY DWARF YORK, 8./. per ounce.
LARGE BLOOD-RED, ^d. per ounce.
Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans); all gocds
value 2PJ. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England or
Wales.
SUTTON & SONS,
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.
SEEDS,
VEGETABLE, FLOWER
AND
FARM,
The BEST procurable,
at the Lowest Prices consistent with
GENUINENESS.
ILLUSTRATED DESCKIPTIVE LIST on appUoatlon.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
DUTCH
BULBS,
ANT. ROOZEN <fc SON,
Nurserymen, Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland,
Have pleasure in informing their numerous friends that their
Crop of Bulbs is unusually fine this year, and they respectfully
request that all Orders be sent them as eaily as possible. Their
full and Descriptive CATALOGUE for 1883 will be sent, post-
free, on application to their Agents,
Messrs. MERTENSandCO., 5, Billiter Square, London, E.G.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
^2 Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °f MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKIN^, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded in 1784.
ADDRESS —
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from \%s. to 36.5. per dozen.
These World-famed KOSES cannot fail to
give tb.e greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
EBBS' EMPEROR
CABBAGE.
The Best Cabbage in Cultivatiorii
IC UC3L vauuugc. Ill uuiiivaiiiJ
6d. and Is. per Packet, 23. per Ounce.
Mr J. Muir, In the "Journal of Horti-
culture," of May 24, 1883, says:-
"Otir lareest piece of Spring Cabbage
measures 70 feet x 50 feet, and here
we have many sorts growing. The
best of all these at the present time Is
WEBBS' EMPEROR."
Per Ounce, Post-free.
EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE .. 8d.
ENFIELD MARKET do. .. 8d.
EARLY RAINHAM do. .. 9d.
EARLY DWARF YORK do. .. 6d.
RED DUTCH
do. 6d. pkt. Is.
ONION.
Packet. Ounce.
WEBBS' NEW RED GLOBE TRIPOLI, 6d. Is.
WEBBS' WHITE ITALIAN TRIPOLI, 6d. , 9d.
LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI .. 6d. I 9d.
GIANT ROCCA 6d. Is.
WHITE LISBON ] 6d.
WHITE SPANISH, or READING . . . . 1 6d.
All Garden Seeds Frie by Post or Rail.
5 i'FK CE.NT. n.sCOl'NT FOR CASH.
WEBB & SONS,
THE QUEENS SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRID6E.
BULB SEASON, 1883.
GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others,
by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may oblain the
FINEST BULBS at strictly WHOLESALE PRICES.
Write for PRICE LIS f to THE CITY FLOWER. SEED,
and BULB DEPOT, i6j, Ftnchurch Street, and 80, St. Pauls
Churchyard, London, E.C.
HYACINTHS. — HYACINTHS. — In
harvesting our Hyacinths some time ago we were
aiitonished to see the bulbs looking so giand and healthy th.s
season. We really do not think we have had such a fine crop
the last four years. Therefore we recommend our Customers
to order at once to secure llievery best stuff. Special offers for
larj^e quantities.
SEGERS AND CO , Eulb Growers, Lisse. near Haarlem,
Holland.
D A N I E L S'
WHITE ELE PHANT TRIPOLI.
The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference.
Seed, with complete Cultural Directions,
\5. dd. per packet, post-free.
Daniels Bros. (^"".Sronrrr""), Norwich.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SEIiAQINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price 61/.) contains much useful information as well as " Hinis
on Fern Culture. " SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
durins: the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
THE
SATURDAY, AUGUST 4, 1883.
THE FRUIT CROP OF 1883.
THE returns from all partsof the United King
dom sent us by trustworthy reporters, to
whom we are greatly indebted, enable our reader' ,
as it has enabled us, to get a bird's-eye view of
the general condition of fruit production for the
present year. One of the most remarkable
features of these returns is found in their singu-
lar unanimity with respect to \ arious fruits, for
north and south, east and west alike, have to
deplore on the one hand the almost total failure
of some, and the same fruits, whilst they equally
have to rejoice over the abundance of others.
If we regard the intrinsic value of the various
kinds, however, to a great fruit-consuming
people, we shall find that the large crops of
certain fruits far more than counterbalance
those which have failed — as for instance, if
Apricots are few, Peaches seem to be fairly
abundant; and while Plums and Pears are
scarce, the enormous crops of Apples — p.ir ex-
cellence, the fruit of the nation — and of bush
fruits, and wholesome Strawberries, far more
than outweigh the former's shortcomings.
Indeed, were all other fruits as thin as some
are, yet would the splendid Apple crop, the very
best without doubt, because so universally good,
that we have had for ten years or more, suffice to
mark 1SS3 as a red-letter year in the diaries o
fruit growers.
We have remarked upon the unanimity shown
in the fruit returns, and our readers have but to
note those sent us either from the chilly land
beyond the Tweed, or the drippy Emerald Isle,
to find how closely they tally with reports sent
in even from our southern and midland districts
where the climatic conditions are so much more
favourable to fruit production.
Whilst it will be generally admitted that the
previous autumn seems to have been favourable
to the ripening and maturation of fruit producing
wood, the very inditfcrent results that have
followed upon the fine bloom which garlanded
Pears, Pluins, and sweet Chenies, must be
attributed to purely climatic causes, that if not
perennial are at least far too common ; whilst
to the absence of these adverse conditions later
in the spring do we owe that magnificent crop
of Apples we now rejoice in. It seems idle to
speculate on what might have been, but there
can be little doubt that had the early spring
been favourable throughout we should now have
to be commenting upon and lauding one of the
finest fruit crops seen within the memory of
man. However, we have this consolation, that
Just as "he that fights and runs away may
live to fight another day," so shall our now too
barren Plum, Pear, and other fruit trees live to
bear us good crops perhaps ne.\t year, when
Apples at least can hardly be as good as they
now are.
Summing up in a few words the general con-
dition of the various fruit crops throughout the
United Kingdom we find : —
Apples everywhere most abundant — a truly
grand crop.
Pears equally are very thin indeed. In a few
134
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1883.
favoured gardens there are fair crops, but gene-
rally the crop is poor, and may be classed as
very moderate.
Plums universally are thin, the best results
being seen on walls ; but on orchard trees the
produce is a very poor one, even Damsons
being a failure.
Cherries of all sweet kinds are few indeed,
and apparently better in Scotland than else-
where ; but the returns probably chiefly apply
to Morellos, which are fairly good, as usual.
Apricots are a universal failure, and need no
farther comment.
Peaches and Nectarines are very fair
generally, that is to say, in some places a heavy
crop and in others thin. Of course, in Scot-
land and Ireland these are not largely grown on
open walls ; but in England and Wales all
localities give good and indifferent returns alike,
but the fairly good ones predominate.
Bush Fruits and Strawberries seem to
have been as universally abundant as Apples
are, the season seeming specially to have
favoured them. Finally,
Nuts of the smaller kinds are a very, poor
crop indeed, but in many localities Walnuts are
fairly abundant.
It is not possible to take leave of what is not
an altogether unclouded resume of the fruit
crops without commenting upon the great social
snd economical value a good fruit crop is to the
kingdom. By it myriads live ; by it the wealth
of the country is increased, and vast sums of
money are liberated for employment in other
profitable channels. By it also the comforts
and pleasures of the people are vastly increased,
and may we not hope the health also. From
afar come sad accounts of choleraic visitations,
but these are the products of dirt and of foul-
ness, not of the consumption of ripe, wholesome
fruits. We trust no foolish alarms will inter-
pose to prevent our growers from reaping to the
full the benefits to which they are entitled from
the plentiful Apple crop. Better a thousand
times to purchase good fruit than poisonous
liquid compounds and cheap questionable
solids, the constituents of which none can tell.
If we will take of the good things of God, surely
none better merit such an epithet than a luxu-
riant crop of delicious wholesome fruits.
CHARLES TURNER.
When the Royal Nursery, Slough, was founded is
involved in some obscurity, and owing to an unfortu-
nate fire, which destroyed the dwelling-house and offices
with their contents, much historical information was
thereby lost. The name of Brown was associated
with the proprietorship of the nursery for many years.
In a letter received from Mr. Edward Brown, the
sole surviving partner of the old firm, bearing date
May, 1872, he states, "The cultivation of fancy or
named Tulips commenced during the partnership of
Elizabeth and Charles Brown, the former being my
mother, and the latter a cousin or trustee under my
father's will." Mr. Brown is unable to give the exact
date, but it is believed to have been somewhere about
1820 to 1825. "I am unable to give you an account
of the foundation of the nursery, but as my father
was born here, and if living would have been 95 years
of age (in 1S72), and as he was not the eldest child,
I think I may presume that it cannot be much less
than a century since my grandfather commenced a
nursery, on I daresay a very small scale. At that
time he held land at the west end of Slough, and at
Upton (Slough being comprehended in the parish of
Upton-cum-Chalvey), and also about the centre of
the town ; and it is upwards of 60 years since the
present nursery came into the possession of my family.
I think I may state broadly, that the originator, Mr.
Thos. Brown, commenced about 1774, and was
joined by his son, my father, in partnership, in iSlo ;
the former died in 1S14, and my father died in 1S17.
Elizabeth Brown, my father's widow, and Mr.
Charles Brown, a cousin and trustee, carried on the
business until the year 1833, when, by the death of
my mother, the firm was changed to Thomas, Charles,
and Edward Brown ; and on the death of Charles, in
the year 1836, Thomas, my brother, and myself,
became the sole partners, and traded as T. & E.
Brown. On the retirement of myself, in 1837, my
brother Thomas carried on the business until 1840."
Mr. W. Cutter was the proprietor of the nursery for
about four years, when it passed into the hands of Mr.
Charles Turner, the genial and enthusiastic florist whose
portrait will be found on p. 145. Mr. Charles Brown
was one of the earliest members of the London
Horticultural Society, and was also a member
of the Council at the time of his death, at the age of
41 years. The firm for a number of years regularly
and most successfully exhibited at the meetings of the
Horticultural Society of London, as well as at exhi-
bitions in the large provincial towns. Lonicera
Brownii, Lilium Brownii, Brown's Superb Rose, and
many fine new varieties of Tulips, Dahlias, Pansies
in very large numbers, Pelargoniums, Calceolarias,
Phloxes, &c., originated at this nursery. It is believed
that one of the first descriptive catalogues of flower
seeds was sent out by the firm of Thomas and Edward
Brown.
In May, 1864, The Midland and Northern Florists'
Guide, then edited by Mr. William Dean, gave a por-
trait of Mr. Turner, accompanied by a racy and genial
sketch from the pen of the Rev. Canon Hole. It set
forth that Mr. Turner " was born at Wilton, near
Salisbury, just at that season which we florists love
so dearly — when all things are bursting into life and
loveliness, blossom and bloom — on May 3, l8l8.
This date will surprise many, for he looks fully ten
years younger than he is ; but so it is, that garden
life is the youngest, freshest life of all, and the
heart which loves flowers, rightly and reverently,
enjoys a perpetual spring."
*' He was a mere boy (but, in vivid illustration
of Wordsworth's words, ' The boy was father to the
man') when he began his floral career. At that
time the ' pink of fashion ' was the Pink itself, and
there were exhibitions almost entirely restricted to
the display of that dainty flower. In 1832 he won
his first prize. One fancies how some of the older
competitors would grin derisively at the stripling,
at. su. 14, as he entered the show-room with his
box, but it was Goliath despising David ; and I
should like to have seen Master Charley's face as
he went home to tell the news that day, the proudest
and happiest boy in England ."
"This early success confirmed for ever his floral
bias, united him to his first love in bonds never to be
broken, and finally decided his vocation in life. From
that day of victory he was never happy out of the
garden. The jockey had won his first race, and the
world was a dreary wilderness when viewed from the
saddle. His parents kindly conformed to his wishes,
and in 1834, when his enthusiasm had mounted to
' fever-heat,' on his again winning the 1st prize for
Pinks, and also the 2d for Dahlias, he was apprenticed
to a nurseryman at Salisbury. Here his previous
talent grew and throve as rapidly, but withal as
robustly, as one of his show Pelargoniums . His master
was an invalid, and many things were entrusted to his
supervision which are usually cared for by the owner
himself, and which, perhaps, no other youth in exist-
ence would have successfully undertaken as he did.
In 1835 he went to Bath with Dahlias, and brought
home a ^12 and an ^S cup."
"Hewentfrom Salisbury to the nurseries of Messrs .
Cormack, New Cross, Surrey, and thence to the
Messrs. Brown, of Slough, whom he ultimately
succeeded ; wherever he went victory went with him,
and as he gradually extended his ambitions, so has
honour always rewarded enterprise. He has tried no
branch of floriculture without improving it, nihil tetigil
tjiiod non ornavit : he has aspired to no prizes which
he has not obtained. In 1840 he won a ,^20 cup at
Cambridge, and a ^25 cup at Norwich ; and in 1841
three ^20 cups in one week — namely, at Tamworth,
Warwick, and Halstead— for Dahlias, which were then
the favourite flowers for exhibition. From 1832 to
1848 the number of prizes awarded to him was 498,
and since that date no account has been kept."
The outline so pleasantly sketched by the Rev.
Canon Hole may be filled up in a small particular or
two by stating that Mr. Turner was foreman to Messrs.
Brown until they retired from business, when he
started in business on his own account at Chalvey, a
small village lying nearly midway between Slough and
Eton. About 1844—45, when Mr. Cutter retired,
Mr. Turner took the nursery at Slough, and came to
reside there. It was, we believe, during the tenancy
of Mr. Cutter that Her Majesty the Queen paid a
visit to the nursery, hence the prefix. Royal.
If the subject of this sketch is not the oldest living
florist, he has been conspicuously before the public
longer in point of time than any other member of the
fraternity. Fifty-one years is indeed a long time to
be actively engaged in any profession, but labour is
pleasant if congenial to the taste. We think we may
safely say that Charles Turner has taken more first
prizes for his productions than any other grower in
his or any time, and has awarded more prizes than
any man living, his services as a judge having always
been in great demand. The great characteristic of all
his work has been its superb finish ; everything he has
placed on the exhibition stage has illustrated a high
standard of cultivation, and many a one has had his
perceptions quickened and his knowledge enlarged
by a sight of what is done at the Royal Nursery, and
has resolved to emulate so much of this standard as it
was possible he could reach to. In the case of cut
flowers, after winning all along the line for a series of
years, Mr. Turner gave up exhibiting for a time, but
now they receive the same attention at Slough as of old.
Carnations and Picotees have never ceased to be
favourites, and at the present time Roses have taken
the high place Dahlias once occupied — and, indeed,
still occupy — on the occasion of any great contest.
Time was when it was not uncommon to have half-a-
dozen collections of Dahlias, a hundred varieties in
each. The old Pink, once so popular, and endeared
to Mr. Turner as the flower with which he won his
first floricultural victory, is rising into favour again,
and the collection at Slough is one of the most com-
plete and perfect to be met with. One great achieve-
ment has been the marked success with pot Roses.
The leading characteristic of the Slough mode of cul-
ture was to show naturally grown bushes instead of
the old fan-shape, at one time so prevalent. These
took the place of the once splendid Azaleas that used
to come from Slough to the London exhibitions ; but
the Azalea is by no means neglected, as in the spring
time it is not unusual to see very fine collections of
remarkably well-grown and flowered specimens sent
from the Royal Nursery, and new varieties are con-
stantly appearing in season from there. The Slough
Pelargoniums are known far and wide, and are gener-
ally placed first on the exhibition stage. There was a
time when the Pansy was extensively and successfully
grown at Slough, but they will not now succeed in
the warm and dry South as formerly. The battle
against adverse influences was manfully kept up for a
time, and only brought to a close when surrender was
inevitable.
As an exhibitor, who shall attempt to estimate the
prowess of Charles Turner ? What a long line of suc-
cesses are written in the chronicles of the Horticultural
Press ! A man who can hold his own against all
comers for the space of half a century must have that
within him which cannot be overcome until human
power fails in old age. Emerson's remark may be
appropriately quoted here : "This man accomplished
by some magnetism. His victories are demonstra-
tions of superiority. He conquers because his arrival
alters the state of afl'airs." In a piquant passage in
his Booi About Roses the Rev. Canfln Hole has
sketched Charles Turner as an exhibitor : — " Mr.
Turner does not show his cards, but when he comes
to play them on the green cloth or baize of the exhi-
bition table no man deals more fairly, knows his
game more thoroughly, holds more trumps, or scores
the honours more frequently." The number of prizes
gained in 1883 amounts already to ninety, fifty of
these being 1st prizes.
A list of the novelties in plants, flowers, fruits, and
vegetables sent out from the Royal Nursery during
the proprietorship of Mr. Turner, would fill a small
volume. Their name is legion. New Auriculas,
Azaleas, Carnations, Cinerarias, Dahlias of all kinds,
Fuchsias, Gloxinias, Pelargoniums of every section,
Picotees, Pinks, Roses, Verbenas, &c., have been from
time to time sent forth until they can be counted by
the hundred. A large number of these novelties are
raised at Slough ; a great proportion by others. The
opportunity to secure and send out a good thing is
never lost. Two of the best and most useful Straw-
berries ever raised — President and Sir Joseph Paxton
— came out from the Royal Nursery. Cox's Orange
Pippin Apple — a popular variety that finds a place in
a select collection of dessert varieties — emanated from
here also. It was Mr. Turner's good fortune to secure
the reversion of the fine strain of new Peas raised by
the late Dr. Maclean, of Colchester : they were care-
August 4, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
135
fully fjrown and selected at Slough, and a batch sent
out — Advancer, Princess Royal, Little Gem, Epi-
curean, Wonderful, Premier, and others, commenced
that long line of improvements more or less striking
which has continued to this day. One of the most
useful of winter Greens, the Cottagers' Kale, was sent
out by Mr. Turner a quarter of a century ago ; and
the well-known Schoolmaster Potato at a more recent
date. The Incomparable White Celery, and the
Golden Gem Melon, also emanated from Slough.
It need scarcely be said that the Royal Nursery is
widely known as one of the cleanest, best ordered
and appointed establishments in the country, and
famous for the healthy and satisfactory stock found
(here. It has grown largely in extent during the past
twenty years, and yet extends itself according to the
requirements of an increasing trade.
As an author Mr. Turner is not unknown, though
his productions are few. It is not tor want of
ability to write that he has published so little; but,
being always with the flowers he loves so well, and
delighted to be there, literary occupation could not
draw him aside. When at Chalvey he published
Pradical Observations on the Ctdture of the Dahlia
for Exhibition^ with a Descriptive Catalogue of
Dahliasy &^c. In 1S50 he published, in pamphlet
form, some papers on the Culture of the Fausy, which
had previously appeared in the pages of The Florist
and Garden Miscellany. In 1851 Mr. Turner suc-
ceeded the late Mr. Edward Beck as the conductor of
the Florist^ and continued in this capacity until the
end of 1S60, when the work underwent some modifi-
cation, and Dr. Hogg, assisted by the late Mr. John
Spencer, took an active share in the management.
It is still continued under the name of the Florist and
Fotnologistt and is edited by Mr. Thomas Moore,
F.L.S. At times Mr. Turner contributed to some of
the gardening papers, but only occasionally.
As a representative man Mr. Turner has on not a
few occasions stood forward on behalf of his fellow
florists. Many years ago, when a complimentary
dinner was given to the late Mr. Charles Kean, the
eminent actor, the committee decided to invite a
representative of every profession, and the late Mr.
James Veitch was present to represent the nursery-
men and Mr. Turner the florists. The Duke of
Newcastle presided, the present Prime Minister of
England being one of the guests. Mr. Turner was also
a very active member of the Executive Committee of
the Great International Horticultural Exhibition of
1S66, and took more 1st prizes than any other exhi-
bitor. In conjunction with the Rev. Canon Hole
and the late Mr. Thomas Rivers, Mr. Turner laboured
hard in carrying out the arrangements of the first
National Rose Show, held in St. James' Hall, Regent
Street, on July I, 1858. Several men eminent as
florists gave their quota of labour — John Edwards,
Richard Stains, and others, who, with Mr, Rivers, have
since gone over to the majority. In connection with
the Southern Section of the National Auricula Society
(a flower that for years past has found a
congenial home at Slough), the National Car-
nation and Picotee Society, the National Dahlia
Exhibition, the International Potato Show, and
other societies, he is a willing and hearty helper ;
in fact he is ever to the fore when something has to be
done in the best interests of horticulture. He has
been a steady supporter of the Gardeners' Benevolent
Institution for many years past. He most cordially
aided in every way the old National Floricultural
Society until it was superseded by the establishment
of the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural
Society ; and he has been a member of this body, with
short intervals of non-ofBcial existence, almost since
its establishment.
Mr. Turner has for many years taken an active
interest in local matters affecting Slough, and exhi-
bited a commendable public spirit.
And so we bring this somewhat imperfect sketch
to a close. A busy life extending over half a century's
duration embraces many incidents, only a few of
which can be compressed within the limits of a brief
memoir. The reading of the foregoing lines will
awaken in not a few hearts memories of old, and
recall occurrences that it might be well had been
incorporated in this concise story of a life. We can
only give a necessarily imperfect outline. Those who
will can fill it out to perfect fulness with recollections
that will never die, so long as the powers of the
memory remain unimpaired. And let us hope that
the master mind which has ruled over the floral king-
dom at Slough for so many years shall be enabled to
retain its vigour, its fertility of resource and keen
perception, for not a few years to come.
m\\^.
PHACELIA CAMPANULARIA, A. Gniy.
In the Gardeners^ Chronicle^ n.s., vol. xviii., p. 51,
a description of this handsome half-hardy annual was
given, from specimens sent by Mr. Thompson, of
Ipswich. Seeds of it were sent to Kew by the same
gentleman, and 'the accompanying figure (fig. 22) has
been prepared from a plant which flowered here this
season. It is dwarfer and more compact than P.
Whitlavia, A. Gray (Whitlavia' grandiflora, and W.
minor, Harvey), and the corollas, which measure from
3 — 1\ inch in_breadth, according to vigour, are bright
gentian-blue, with five pure white oblong spots on the
inside, situate below the angles of the corolla lobes ;
these white spots become ochreous-yellow as the
flower fades ; on the outside they are usually absent,
Fig. 22.-— tHACELIA CAMf-ANl'LAKI \.
sometimes a trace of them may be seen, but here, if
present, they are carried down to the base of the
corolla.
Mr. Thompson has now sent a plant to Kew, from
which a figure for the Botanical Mai^azine has been
prepared. This plant is more compact than the one
from which our drawing was made, which latter was
grown in a deep frame early in the season, and, in
consequence, had a drawn-up appearance — the leaves
are dentate, and the whole plant much less hairy than in
Mr. Thompson's plant, which is itself less hairy than
an authentic specimen sent by Dr. Gray to Kew from
California. The wild plant is so copiously covered
with short glandular hairs as to give it a cinereous
hue ; the leaves are subcordate, i inch long and
neatly crenate, and for some time I was unable to
believe in the specific identity of this specimen with
the one represented in our figure, especially as Dr.
Gray, in the Botany of California^ vol. ii., p. 467,
says, " corolla violet-purple." Mr. Thompson's plant
is intermediate between the two in hairiness and in
size and crenation of leaf, showing that it varies in
these respects with varying conditions ; but the colour
of the corolla must be emended as above. Doubt-
less Dr. Gray's description was taken from a dried
specimen, but in this the fenestrate marking can be
detected. If it proves as hardy as the purple-flowered
P. Whitlavia, it will be a great acquisition, and will
doubtless take a place in the front rank of showy half-
hardy annuals. R, A. Rolfe.
ACROSTICHUM (ElAPIIOGLOSSUM) MAGNUM, Bake>\
«. sp,*
This is a large new Acrostichum of the sub-genus
Elaphoglossum, which was discovered in 1880 by Mr.
G. S. Jenman, on the banks of the Mazaruni River, in
British Guiana, and of which he has just sent living
plants to Kew. It is allied to A. perelegans and A,
auricomum.
Root-stock suberect. Basal paleae small, linear
subulate, nearly black. Stipes tufted, those of the
barren frond 3—4 inches long, clothed with small
lanceolate adpressed fimbriated membranous palea;.
Sterile lamina 2 — 3 feet long, i^ — 2 inches broad at
the middle, narrowed gradually to the apex and base,
membranous in texture, green on both sides, the
palere of the upper surface numerous but incon-
spicuous, minute, ovate, adpressed, whitish, deeply
fimbriated, of the under side densest on the midrib,
not adpressed, minute, membranous, lanceolate, fer-
ruginous, densely fimbriated ; veins slightly ascending,
moderately close, distinct, simple or forked. Fertile
frond not yet seen, f. G. Baker.
Anguloa Ruckeri (Lindl.) retusa, n. var.
A most remarkable variety. It is lemon colour
outside the perigone, full of dark purple blotches
inside. The good character is found in the lip. Its
lateral lacinice are quite abrupt, rectangular ; its
median lacinia is unusually small, reflexed, covered
with short strong hairs. The column has a very strong
angle at a short interval above the base. This curious
plant, whose constancy can only be judged by time,
though it is to be expected, was kindly sent by Mr.
W. Bull, of Chelsea. H. G. Rchb.f,
Odontoglossum Schlieperianum {Rchb. f),
O. FLAVIDUM, var.
This is the Odontoglossum grande flavidum of the
late Herr Klotzsch. It is a very fine variety, sulphur
colour, with a few exceedingly light cinnamon bars at
base of the sepals and petals, some orange on base of
the lip and on the callus, and with brown hairs on
the wings of the column. I have finally had it now
afresh from Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries. //. G. Rchb. f.
EDIBLE FUNGI.
According to Coulter's Gazette^ Dr. J. J. Brown,
of Sheboygan, Wisconsin, has for several seasons
experimented with field fungi for culinary purposes.
He finds no fungi that one would be likely to
gather for eating that are violently poisonous.
His method for discovering the valuable kinds
is one that requires no scientific knowledge of
the plants, and commends itself for its practical com-
mon sense. He gathers fresh clean-looking speci-
mens ; if they have a bad or unpleasant odour when
cooking they are discarded, and one will soon be able
to tell the good from the bad at this time with consi-
derable certainty. A small amount of the cooked
fungus is then eaten. If it has a pleasant taste, and
no disagreeable results follow, it is partaken of more
freely next time, and is soon put on the list of valu-
able kinds. Tasting of the fresh fungus is but little
assistance, as an acrid or nauseating property is often
dispelled in the preparation. There is no doubt that
the danger of fungus-poisoning has been unnecessarily
exaggerated. With the caution just pointed out the
danger is so greatly lessened that it is practically
reduced to zero, and no one need hesitate to make
use of this abundant supply of nourishing and palat-
able food. It may be added that many sorts will be
found harmless enough, but of no more culinary value
than so much grass or wood, being either not juicy or
without a rich flavour. Our contemporary is respon-
sible for the whole of the foregoing. No doubt
proper cooking neutralises some of the harmful pro-
perties, and another important point is to gather your
fungus before it is too old ; but, as far as European
fungi are concerned at any rate, it is better to learn
to distinguish the various kinds than to proceed in the
experimental fashion recommended by Dr. Brown.
* Acrostichum {^F.lapho^lossmti) magnunt. Baker, n. sp. —
Pa'eis basalibus lineari-subulatis atro-castaneis, frordis sterilis
stipite 3— 4-poIlicAri paleis pallidis lanceolalis adpressis dense
vestito, fronde lanceolato a — 3-pedali iotegro membranaceo
ulrinque viridi. paleis faciei snperioris pallidis inconspicuis
adpressis profunde fimbriatis, faciei inferioris muhis lanceolatis
ferrugineis fimbriatis, venis patulis gracilibus perspicuis sim-
pHcibus vel furcatis, fronde fertili ignoto.
136
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1883.
REPORT ON THE CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS.
[FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS, AUGUST, 1883.]
COUNTY.
APRICOTS.
SCOTLAND,
ABERDEEN
AYR....
BANFF
BERWICK
CAITHNESS
CLACKMANNAN
CROMARTY ..
DUMBARTON
DUMFRIES.
EAST LOTHIAN .
INVERNESS
KINROSS....
LINLITHGOW
MIDLOTHIAN
MORAY . . .
NAIRN ...
ORKNEY -
PEEBLES .
PERTH ...
RENFREW ..
ROSS-SHIRE
ROXBURGH
STIRLING
SUTHERLAND...
WEST LOTHIAN.
WIGTONSHIRE .
ENG LAN D-
NORTHERN
COUNTIES.
NORTHUMBERLAND
CUMBERLAND
WESTMORELAND....
DURHAM
YORKSHIRE
Under
Under ; very
good
Under
Failure
Belowaveragc
bad
Under ; bad
Under ; bad
Under
Under aver-
age ; good
Under ; good
PLUMS.
Few grown
Large crop
Very few ;
Bood
Under
Under
Average
Average ; verj'
good
Under average
Average ; good
Under
Under average
Failure
Under average
Under aver-
age : very good
Under average
Half a crop
Under
Average ; good
Under
Under aver-
age ; good
Under
Very scarce
Average ; good
Under
Under
Below average
Average ; good
Under
Over ; very
good
Under ; good
Under ; Vic-
toiias good
Under ; bad
Over ; good
Under average
Under ; good
Under average
Over
Good
Under ; good
Over
Under
Under average
Very few
Over average ;
very good
Very bad
Average
Under
Average
Over ; good
Average
Under average
Under
Average
Under ; good
Average ; good
Average ; var
Victoria
Under
Under
Under ; good
Under average
Failure
Failure
Under average
Good ; Dam-
sons average
Under ; bad
Under average
Under average
CHERRIES.
PEACHES
AND NEC-
TARINES.
PEARS.
Unde.-
Average ; good
Over; good
Average ; very
good
Over average ;
good
Average
Thin crop
Morello ave-
rage ; others
under
Average
Average ; good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Over ; very
good
Average; good
Average; good
Average
Average ; good
Average ; good
Over average ;
good
Dessert under
Morellos over
Over average
Over ; very |
good I
Good
Over ; very I
good
Under
Average
Average i
Good crop
Over average ;
very good
Average
Average ; good
Average
Average ; good
Over ; good
Over ; very
good
Average
Not grown
out-of-doors
Not grown
outside
None grown
outside
Average
Over; good
Under ; small
Average ; good
Under; bad
Average
'Over average ;; Under aver-
Average ; good
Average
No fruit out-
side
Unde'r
Under
None outside
None outside
Under ; good
Average
good
Average
Medium
Over average
Under
Good crop
Under aver-
age ; good
Average
Under
Average
Over average
Average
Under
Above ; very
good
Average ; good
Average , good
Over ; good
Average
Over ; very
good
Average
Morellos aver-
age ; others
under
Over ; good
Average
Average
Average ; very
fine
Over ; very
good
Heavy crop
Under ; bad
Over ; good
Over ; very
good
Average
Average
Average ; good
Under
Over average
Over ; very
good
I Average
j Over
I Very good
Average ; good
Under
Over average
Over average ;
very good
Over average
Over
Good
Over average ;
good
Over
Under
Average
Over average
under glass
Under
Peaches under
gotd
Average
None grown
outside
Good Under
glass case
None grown
outside
Scarce
Average ; very None outdoors
good I
Over average
good
Under average
Under aver-
age ; very good
J Average ; good
Ur.de
Good
Under
Under
Good
Under
Over average
Average ; good
Over
Average ; good
Over ; good
Average ; good
Over
Average
Over ; good
Over average
Average ; good
Average
Average
Average
Over average ;
very good
Over average
Under aver-
age; bad
I Under
Under average
Average
age ; good
Average
Thin crop
Average ; good
Over
Average
Poor crop
Under ; bad
Average ; good
Over ; very
good
Average
Average
Under ; good
Under
Over average
Average ;
good ; Jargon
elles over
Under average
Average
Good
Under ; good
Averace
Under average
Heavy crop on
south walls
Average ; very
good
Good
Over
Average
Average
Average
Over average
Under average
Under aver-
age ; poor
Average
Under ; bad
Under ; good
Average ; good
Under
Under
Under ; good
Average
Average
Average
Average
Scarce
Over ; very
good
Over average
Under aver-
age : bad
Under
Under average
Average
SMALL
FRUITS.
Over average ;
very good
Average ; good
Over ; very
goad
Average ; all
good
Average ; good
Abuudant
Over average
good
Under
Over ; good
Very good crop
Average ; good
Over ; very
good
Over ; very
good
Average ; good
Very good
Average ; good
Over ; good
Over average ;
very good
Average ;
good ; Rasp-
berries over
Over average
Over ; very
good
Very good
Over average,
and good
Over
Average
Over average
very good
Abundant
Over average
very good
Very good
Over ; very
good
Very good
Average ; good
Over ; good
Average
Over average
Over average ;
very good
Over average ;
guod
Average
Average ; very
good
Over ; good
Over ; good
Over ; good
Average
Over ; good
Average ; good
Over average ;
good
Over ; good
Over average ;
very good
Very good
Very good
Over average ;
very good
Average
Average
Good crop
Average
STRAW-
BERRIES.
Average ; good
Over ; very
good
Over ; very
good
Over ; very
good
Average ; bad
Very heavy
crop
Over average ;
good
Average
Over ; good
Very good crop
Average ; good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Over ; good
Very good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Over average
very good
Average ; good
Under
Under ; bad
Not much
grown
Average
Average ; good
Very good
Over average,
and good
Good
Under
Over average
very good
Good crop
Over average
very good
Over average
Abundant, and
very good
Very good
Average ; verj
good
Over ; very
good
Under
Average ;
much de-
stroyed by
rain
Over average ;
fioe
Abundant ;
very good
Average
Average ; good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Average
Over ; good
Over average ;
good
Over average ;
good
Over ; good
Over average ;
very good
Very good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Average
Good
Very good crop
Over
NAME
AND
ADDRESS.
Under average
Average ; good
Good crcp
Scarce ; good
Average
Under averace
Average
Average
Under
Plentiful
Fair
Under ; bad
Under average
Under average
John Forrest, Haddo House,
Aberdeen
John Proctor, Slaing Castle
R, Farquhar, Fyvie Castle
Gardens
J. T., Lochgilphead
G. Taylor, Castle Gardens,
Inverary
John Gray, Eglinton Castle,
Irvme
John Webster, Gordon Castle
Fochabers
W. Fowler, Mertoun, St.
Boswell's
W. Richardson, Ayton Castle
John Reid , Blackadder, Chirn-
side
foho Sutherland, Langwell
Thomas Ormiston, Alloa Paik
J. McKay, Tarbat Gardens,
ParkhiU
Alex. Scott, Auchendennan
James Mitchell, Camis Eskan
John Shannon, Jardine
Hall
James Smart, Raehill Gar-
dens, Lockerbie
L. Dow, Newbyth, Preston-
kirk
Wm McKelvie, Broxmouth
Gardens, Dunbar
VV. Henderson, Balbirnie
Gardens ^ , »
George Ramsay, Fordell
House Gardens
Geo. Johnston, Glamis Castle
James Mitchell, Panmure
t ardens, Carnoustie
A. McDona'd. The Gardens,
Balmaccan
John Fortune. Blair Adam
Andrew TurnbuU, Bothwcil
Castle
Wm. Muir, Hopetown Gar-
dens
Malcolm Dunn, Dalkeith
Palace Gardens
Charles Johnston, Dalhousie
Castle Gardens
D. Cunningham, Darnaway
Caslle, Forres
James Manson, Kdrannock
Castle
Thos. McDonald. Balfour
Castle Gardens, Kirkwall
Malcolm Mclntyre, The Glen,
Innerleithen
P. W. Fairgrieve, Dunkeld
George Croucher, The Gar-
dens, Ochtertyre, Crieff
David Doig, Ro;s:e Priory,
Inthture
Thomas Lunt, Ardgowan
D. Harvey, Invergorden
Castle
J, Munro, Duncraig, Strome
Ferry
John Galloway, Minto Gar-
dens. Hawick
Maurice Fitzgerald, Dunmore
Gardens
D. Melville, Dunrobio Gar-
dens
John Moyes, Dalmeny Park,
Edinburgh
Archibald Fowler, Castle
Kennedy
Thomas Bowie, Chillingham
Caitle Gardens
J. Hammond, Brayton, Car-
lisle
Wm. A. Miller, Underley
Gardens
Samuel Sarple.DallamTowrs,
Milnihorpe
Edward Evans, Stons, Win-
dermere
J. Hunter, Lambton, Fence
Houses
James Larkin, Auckland
Castle. Bishop Auckland
M ichael Saul, Stourton Castle,
Knaiesborough
James Fowler, Harewood
House, Leeds
Joseph Shaw, Nunappleton
Robert C Kingston, Brant-
ingham Thorpe, Brough.
August 4. 1SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
137
CONDITION OF THE FRUIT QKOV^~{Contnnied),
COUNTY.
APRICOTS.
NORTHERN
COUNTIES.
YORKSHIRE
LANCASHIRE
STAFFOPD.
LEICESTER
WARWICK
NORTHAMPTON.
OXFORD .
BUCKS
HERTS ,
MIDLAND
COUNTIES
CHESHIRE
DERBYSHIRE ...
NOTTS
Average
None grown
outside
Under average
Under
Under average
Under
Under
Under average
Under ; good
Under
Under
Under
Under average
Under
Average ; very
good
Under average
Under average
Under
Under
Under
Scarcely a fruit
outside
Under average
Under
Under average
Failure
Very few
Failure
PLUMS. CHERRIES.
PEACHES
AND NEC-
TARINES.
SMALL
FRUITS.
STRAW-
BERRIES.
Under
Moderate
Under
Under ; good
Under
Scarce
NUTS.
Under
Not good
Not grown out-
I side [
I Good
Failure
Bad
Failure
Under aver-
age
Much under
average ; very
small
Under
Under
Very scarce
Under average
Under
Thinner than
for past seven
yeais
Under
Under average
Under
Under
average
Failure
Under aver-
age
Much under
average ; very
small
Under
Under average
Under average
average
Under
Very ihin in-
deed
Bad
Very few
Under
Under
Under
Morellos aver- None outside
age I
Average; good;
Morellos heavy
crop
Over
Over ; very
good
Average
Morellos aver^
age
Under ; bad
Under
None outside
Under
Under average
Average
Under
Average ; good
Very good
Under average
Under
Over ; very
good
Under average
Under average
Under
Not grown in
the open air
Under; very
few grown
outside
Look average
Over
Average
Over
Average ; good
Average
Average
Average
Under
Under
Over average ;
good
Average
Average ; par-
tial
Over ; very
good
Average
Over average
Over
Under
Average
An excellent
crop; very
good
Average
Over
Total failure Under average
Under Average ; good
Bad Average ; good
Under Average
Under Average
Under average Average
Under Average
Under Average ; good
A Complete Average ; good
failure
Very scarce Average
Average on Average on
walls ; good walls ; under on
standards
Under Undi
Failure Average ; good
Under average Average
Under average Average
Under Average
Under Under
Under Under
Under Average; Mo-
rellos very
good
Under average Under average
Under Under
Under average Average
Under Und
Average
Average ; good
A few
Undi
Under average
Under
Average
U.dei
average
Under aver-
age ; good
Under average
except Morel
los ; good
Under
Under average
Average
Unde;
Under
Under aver-
age ; Morel-
los scarce
Average
Average ; good Over average ; Over average ;
very good good
I Average Under average Over average
Over ; good
Over
Average ' Average
Very good Very good
Average Under
Over; very Average ; good
gocd in places
None grown
outside
Under average
Average ; good
Under average
Under
Fair
Over
Average ; pro-
mising
Full average
Over
Over; good
Average
Over average
Average
Over ; good
Average
Under average
Over ; very
good
Abundant
Over ; very
good
Good
Over average Over average
Over ; good Over ; good
Over average
Average
Average
Aveiage ; good
Average
Average
Over average ;
very good
Under
Full average
Average
Under average
Average good Average good
Average ; verj
I good
Average
Average
Average
None grown Average ; good
outdoors I
Under average Average ; good
Great crops
Over ; good
Average
Average ; good
Under
|Very thin out-
doors
Over average Over average
Very scarce
Under
Average ; good
Under
Under
Average
Under
Under
Average
Average on
some sorts
Average
Under
Over : very
good
Under average
Average
Average
Under
Under
Under
Under average
Average
Average
Under
Under
Average ; good
Thin
Under
Under average
Average
Under
average
Average
Average
Under aver-
age ; good
Average
Under average
Under average
Much under
average
Over J good
Under
Average
Average
Over
Over; very
good
Over ; very
good
Very good
Abundant
and good
Average ; good
Over average
Average
Average
Average ; very
good
Average
Average ; very
good
Average ; very
good
Very good
Over average
good
Over ; very
good
Average ; good
Average
Over
Under ; good
Over ; good
Over ; very
good
Above average
Average ;
Gooseberries
under
Over average ;
good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Abundant :
very good
Plentiful
Partial in
places ; over
Over average ;
very good
Over ; very
good
Above aver-
age
Over average ;
very good I
Average ; good Over average
good
Over
Over ; very
good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Over ; good
Average ; good
Over average
Average
Over average ;
very good
Average
Over average ;
very good
Over average ;
very good
Very good
Over average ;
good
Average
Over ; very
good
Over average
Over average
Over
Average ; good
Average ; very
good
Over ; very
good
Above average
Over
Bad
Walnuts over
good
Under
Under
Average
Average ; good
Over ; good
Very abundant
and fine
Abundant ;
very good
Plentiful
Over and fine
Over average ;
very good
Over ; very
good
Above aver-
age
Average ; very
good
Over average ;
very good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Over average
good
Over average ;
very good
Over ; very
good
Average ; very
good
Plentiful and
good
Over average
Over average ;
good
Over average
Over average ;
very g od
Over average ;
good
Great crops ;
very good
Over ; very
gocd
Over ; very
good
Abundant, and
large fruit
Average
Average
Average
Under
Average ; good
Average
Average
Under
Under
Under
Not many
grown here
Under average
Under
Under average
Under
Average
Walnuts very
few
Plentiful
Average
Average
Bad
Average
Average ; good
Under aver-
age ; Walnut!
arlial
NAME
AND
ADDRESS.
parlia
Unde:
Under
Under
Very thin ;
Walnuts fair
average
Under average
Average
Under; good
Average ; gocd
Under
Average
Over
Over
Average; good Average ; good Over average
very good
Over average Over average Walnuts over ;
Filberts under
Over ; good Over ; good Average
Average on Average ; good Over average
walls only
Average
Average
Average
Under
\Vm. Stephtns, The Gardens,
Endcliffe Hall, Sheffield
W. Culverweil, Thorpe Per-
row, IJedale
W. B. Upj.^lm, Worsley Hall
Gardens, Manchester
W. P. Roberts.Cuerden Hall,
Preston
F. Harrison, Knowsley Gar-
dens, Prescot
Vndrew Jamieson, Haigh
Hall, Wigan
H. Lindsey, Huntroyde Park,
Burnley
J. Johastone, Roby Hall,
Liverpool
Alfred Jos. Grant, Withingtoa
Hall, Chelford
Robert McKellar, Abney
Hall, Cheadle
Robert Milne, Vale [Royal
Gardens
r. Selwood, Eaton Gardens,
Chester
J. H. Goodacre, Elvaston
Castle, Derby
r. Keetley, Darley Abbey,
Derby
Richard Carr, WelbecW,
Worktop.
S. A, Woods, Osberton Gar-
dens, Worksop
J. Edmonds, Bestwood Lodge,
Nottingham
A. Henderson, Thoresby
Park
A. S. Kemp, Haughton Hall,
Shifnal
James Louden. The Quinta
Gardens, Chirk
Richard Milner, Sundorne
CastleGardens. Shrewsbury
Henry Purser, Berwick
Gardens, Shrewsbury
W, Davidson, Sandon, Stone
E. Simpson, Wrottesley, Wol-
verhampton
W. Bennett, Rangemore,
Bur ton-on-Tre nt
W. Ward, Little Aston Gar-
dens
John Wallis, Keele Gardens,
Newcastle
James Maclean, Beaumanor
Park
William Ingram, Belvoir
Castle Gardens
Edmund Wainwright. Nevill-
Holt, Market Harborough
G. C. Maynard, Cole
Orton
John Grey, Normanton Park,
Stamford
Henry Mason, Bisbrook Hall
Wm. Miller, Combe Abbey,
Coventry
R. Greenheld , Priory Gar-
dens, Warwick
K. Cooper, Hiehbury, Mose-
ley. Birmingham
J. Trigger, Milton Park,
Peterborough
Richard Gilbert, Burghley
Park, Stamford
Edmund Cole. The Gardens,
Althorp Park
Wm. Kennedy, Kimbolton
Castle
Geo. Ford, Wrest Park, Silsoe
Good crop on
I walls
Fair crops Abundant
On walls plen-
'tiful, standards
none
Average; good Average ' Walnuts over
Over aver.ige;
good
Over ; good , Walnuts aver^
age ; Filberts
Very abundant Good and very
I plentiful
under
Thin
Charles Turner, Cranfield
Court, Newport Pagnell
Thomas Hedley, Putteridge
Park, Luton
Isaac Watson, Nuneham Park
Gardens, Abingdon
John Grcenshields, Sarsden
House, Chipping Norton
Thos. Buckerfield, Shirburn
Castle, Tetsworth
William Finlay, Wroxton
Abbey, Banbury
B. Hope, Middleton Park
Gardens, Bicester
Thos. Bailey, Shardeloes Gar-
dens, Amersham.
Geo. Thos. Miles, Wycombe
Abbey Gardens
r. Smith, Mentmore, Leigh-
ton Buzzard
Geo. Haskins, Stowe, Buck-
ingham
v3eorgc Norman, The Gar-
dens, Hatfield House
Richard Ruffett, Panshanger
J. C. Mundell, Moor Park
Gardens, Rickmansworth
1.^8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 18
CONDITION OF THE FRUIT Q'KOV'^—{Co7itinued.)
MIDLAND
COUNTIES.
HERTS
EASTERN
COUNTIES.
LINCOLN
NORFOLK
SUFFOLK.
ESSEX
SOUTHERN
COUNTIES.
BERKS
MIDDLESEX.
KENT.
SUSSEX
HANTS ,
APRICOTS. I PLUMS.
PEACHES
CHERRIES. AND NEC- APPLES.
, TARINES.
PEARS.
Under; good ' Under; good Average; very
I good
Under ;'good Under ; bad Under ; good
Poor crop
Under
Under
A failure
Under ; bad
Very very
few
Much under
average
Under average
Failure
Under
Under
Bad
Failure
Under
Under
Under ; good
Under
Under
Under average
Under aver-
age ; bad
Worst crop I
remember
Under
Under
Failing
Under ; bad
Very few
Under average
Under average
Failure
Under
Under
Bad
Under aver-
age ; bad
Under
Under
Very bad
Under
Under average
Under ; bad
Complete
failure
Bad
Under ; bad
Under
Under
Much under
None grown
out-of-doors
Under
Under
Under ; bad
Under aver-
age ; good
Under average
Under aver-
age ; bad
Under average
Failure
Under average
Under average
Under aver-
age ; good
Under average
Under average
Bad
Average ; good
Complete
failure
Under average
Bad
Under
Under
Under
Bad
Average ; bad
Under aver-
age ; good
None on stand
ard^ ; under
on walls
Scarce
Under ; bad
Under
Much under
Much under
average
Under
Under
Average
Under
Under
Half crop
Under
Under average
Average ; good
Average ; good
Failure
Under ; good
Average ; very
good
Bad
Average ; good
Under
Average
Average ; good
Under
Average ; good
Under average
Under ; bad
Average ; very
good
Under
Average ; good
Under
Under
Under
Much under
average
Under
Average ; good
Under ; bad Average ; good
Under average Average ; good
Average ; good
Failure
Under aver-
age ; good
Under average
Under
Very scarce
Under average
Under aver-
age ; good
Almost a total
failuT'e
Very scarce
Bad
Much under
average
Under average
Abundant
under glass
Average
Much over
average
Average
Average
Over average ; Over average
very good j very good
Over ; very Under
good
Plentiful and
good
Average ; good
Average
Under
Average
Average ; very
good
Average ; good
Not quite an
average ; good
Average
Bad
Under average
Average
Over ; good
Average
Average
Under average
Under
Average ; good
Good
Average ; good
Over
Average
Under
Average
Average
Average; good
Over average
good
Average
Average ; good
Average
.'Average ; good
Over
None grown
out-of-doors
Average
Average
Over ; very
good
Average ; good
Average ; very
good
Average
Average ; good
Under average
Good
Over average
Average ; good
Under aver-
Average crop
and clean
Average
Average
Half crop
Over ; good
Good crop
Average
Average
Average
Average
Over average
very good.
Good
Over average
very good
Under
Average
Over ; very
good
Good
Over ; good
Over average
Over ; good
Over average
very good
Average
Over ; very
good
Over
Over ; very
good
Much over
Under aver- Under average
age ; good i
Under average Over average
1 very good
Bad j Average
Under Under
Under I Under
Under ! Under
Under average Average ; good
Bad Under average
I
Under average Under ^average
.... ' Average
age
Average
Average
Average
Under average
Under aver-
age ; good I
Average
Average
Average ; very
good
Bad
Average of
some kinds
Average
Over
Over ; very
good
Over average ;
very good
Over average ;
very good
Over average
Over average ;
very good
Over average ;
good
Average
Over average
Over average :
very good
Over average ;
good
Over average
Abundance
Very good
Under average
A good crop
Average
Average ; small
Over ; very
good
Average
Average
Average
Under average
Average
Average; good
Bad
Over average ;
very good
Under
Average
Under ; good
Under
Under
Under average
Average ; good
Under aver-
age ; very good
Under
Under ; good
Average
Under
Under
Under average
Average
Under
Average ; good
Average ; good
Under aver-
age ; good
Failure, except
on walls
Average ; good
Average ; good
Under
Under average
Average : good
Under aver-
age ; good
About an aver-
Average ; good
Average ; good
Over average
very good
Ovir average
Over ; very
good
Over average
Average ; good Average; good
Average ; good Over average
very good
Moderately Abundant
good
Under average Average ; good
average
Average
SMALL
FRUITS.
STRAW-
BERRIES.
NAME
AND
ADDRESS.
Over average; Under; good Under; good J. Thompson, Gorhambury
veri' good
Average ;
Raspberries
excellent
Great crops
Average
Over
Good crop
Average ; good
Very good
crop
Average ; good
Average ; good
Average ; very
good
Average ; good
Average ; very
good
Moderate
Average ; good
Under
Over
Average ; good
Very good
Uuder ; good
Over average
Average ; good
Over average
very good
Average
Average ; good
Average ; good
Average ; very
good
Over ; very
good
Average ; good
Average
Over ; good
Over ; very
good
Over average ;
very good
Average ; good
Over average
and good
Average ; good
Over average ;
very good
Average
Average
Average
Over ; very
good
Good crop ;
very fine
Over
Average ; fine
Good crop
Average ; very
good I
Very good i
Average ; very'
good
Over average ;
very good
Average ; very
good
Over ; good
Over average ;
very good
Good
Average ; good
Average
Poor crop
Under
Under ; few
grown
Over
Average
Over ; very
good
Good
Over ; good
Over average
Over average ;
very good
Over average ;
very good
Average
Over ; very
good
Over ; good
Average ; good
Average ;
but wanting in
flavour
Under average
Average
Average, Tjut
soon over
Average ; good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Over average ;
very good
Over average ;
good
Over average ;
very good
Over
Average
Average ; good
Under
Average
Under average
Under average
Average
Average ; good
Bad
Filbei ts under ;
Walnuts aver-
age
Under
Under
Average
Filberts under;
Walnuts aver-
age
Under
Under
Under
Walnuts ; good
Under average
Under
Average ; good Over average ;
good
A fair average ;-Over average ;
good
Average
Average
good
Abundance
Very good
Average ; good
Over average ;
good
Over average
I good
Under average Average ;FmaIl,
! especially I
; Currants |
Under average Average ; good' Average
I ;
Under aver- Average ; very Over average ;
age ; bad I good \ very good
Average ; good Oter average ; Over average ;
I very good | verygo:d
Average Over average Average
Under; good Over; very Over; very
I good good
Under \ Over ; very Over : very
good good
Under good Over average ; Average : very
very good j good
Average on Average ; good Average
walls only
Under average Abundant Abundant, and
I very fine
Average ; good Average ; very'Average ; very
on walls good | good
Average ; good Over average; Over average ;
I very good I very good
Under average
Under average
Under average
Under average
Average
Under average
Much under
average
Under average
Under
Under average
Under average
Average ; good
Average
Under
Uuder
Gardens, St. Albans
G. Merritt, The Hoo Gardens,
Welwyn
George B. Tillyard, Brock-
lesby Park, Ulceby
David Lumsden, Bloxholm
T. Vinden, Harlaxton Manor,
Grantham
J. Taylor, Lee Hall, Gains-
borough
H. Batchelor, Catton Park,
Norwich
T. Wynne, Wroxham Hall
Gardens
A. Lancaster, Holkham
W. Shingler, Melton Con-
stable
Thos. S. Murphy, Hillington
Hall, King's Lynn
J. Sheppard, Woolverstone
Park, Ipswich
J. Wallis, The Gardens, Or-
I well Park, near Ipswich
: Robert Squibbs, J ckworlh,
I Bury St. Edmu.-'d's
J. Mill, The Gardens, Ren-
dlesham Hall
D. T. Fish, Haidwicke, Bury
St. Edmunds
D. Donald, Knott's Green,
Ley ton
James Douglas Great Gearies,
Ilford
W. B nes, Havering Park,
Romford
William Smith, Birch Hall,
Colchester
W. F. Bowman, Hylands,
Chelmsford
H-nry Lister, Easlon Lodge,
Dunmow
T, Jones , Royal Gardens,
Windbor
James Tegg, Bearwood
S. Mortimer, I'urley Park,
Reading
Robt. Fenn, Sulhamstead
Abbots, Reading
A. Dean, Bedfont
T. Baines, Palmer's Green,
Southgate, N.
T. P., Stanmore
R. Henderson, Fulhara Palace
John Woodbridge, Sion
House, Brentford
J. Willard, Holly Lodge Gar
dens, Highgate, N.
John Burnett, The Deepdene,
Dorking
W. Denning, Coombe Lane,
Norbiton
Alfred Evans, Lylhe Hill,
Haslemere
F. Corbould, Tandtidge
Court, Godstone
H. C. McRae, East Horsley
Towers
W. Smith, Farnham Castle*
Gardens
James Child, Garbrand Hall,
Ewell
John Cox, Rcdieaf, Penshurst
R. Gray, Chevening, Seven-
oaks
Charles Whitehead, Barming
House, Maidstone
H. Cannell, Swanley
F. Deuxbsrry, Cobham Halt
Gardens. Gravesend
John Charlton, Tunbridge
Wells
John Wilson, Castle Gardens,
Arundel
B. Coombe, Wiston Park,
Steyning
Jo eph Rust, Eridge Castle
F. Rutland, Goodwocd
Geo. M. Ereese, Petworth
Under Sidney Ford, Leonardslee,
Horsham
Under jWilliam Allen, Normanhurst
I Court, Battle
Average John Halsey, Cowdray Park,
Mid hurst
Moderately P. Edwards, Fowley Gardens,
good ! Liphook
Average ; bad Wm. Smythe, The Gardens,
Basing Park, Alton
Under average W. Wildsmith, The Gardens,
I Heckfield Place
August 4, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
139
CONDITION OF THE FRUIT ZV^OVS—{Conthiucd),
COUNTY.
SOUTHERN
COUNTIES.
HANTS
WILTS
WESTERN
COUNTIES.
HEREFORD
WORCESTER.
GLOUCESTER
MONMOUTH .
SOMERSET.
DEVON
CORNWALL
APRICOTS. PLUMS. CHERRIES.
PEACHES
AND NEC-
TARINES.
average
Under
Under averag'
Under; very
bid
Wiy few
Cfirnplete
failure
Under average
Very pood
Quite a failure
Under ; good
I Very few
Halt a crop in
places
i Bad
jUnder average
Under
Average ; good Average ; good
Good Average
Average ; good Average ; good
Under ; very
bad
Average ; good Under average
Good Average ■ croo,
all protected
Average Bad
Average ; good Average ; ^cod
Under average Under average Mnrellos aver-
I age ; others
j under
Under aver- I Under aver- |MorelIos aver-
age ; good age ; good age ; good
Under average Under aver- Over average ;
age ; good I good
Under; good Average ;good
Under ; good
Under
Under ; bad
Under : gocd
Uncer
Bad
Under aver-
age ; good
Under aver-
age ; bad
Very bad
Under average
Under ; good
Under
Under ; good
Under
Average
Under average
Very jcavce
Failure
Failure
Under ; fair
Under; b?d
Unc-er
Under
Undtr aver-
age ; gnod
Very few
Very bad
Under aver-
age ; bad
Under ; bad
Under
Ui der ; good
U.der
Bad
Under average
Under
Bad
Under ; Mo-
retlns aburdanl
Average
Avfrage ; gocd
Urder ; good
Under
Average ; good
Under aver-
aj;e ; good
Average
Average ; gocd
Average ; good
Under average
Under
Ucder ; good
Under
Average ; good Under aver-
age ; gord
Morellos good
Average
Under aver-
age ; but good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Under ; bad
Under
Average
Average
Under ; bad
Under average
Very bad
Average ; very
good
WALES.
BRECON
CARMARTHEN
CARDIGAN
CARNARVON...
DENBIGH
GLAMORGAN .
MERIONETH .
MONTGOMERY
PEMBROKE ...
IRELAND.
ANTRIM
ARMAGH
CARLOW
CAVAN
CLARE
CORK.
DERRY
DUBLIN
Under
Under aver-
age ; gocd
Very few trees
grown
Do not succeed
here
Very thin ; i
different
quality
Under
Bad
Early varieties
good ; Mo-
relli'S under
Under average! Good
Under average! Average
Failure Average ; gocd
Under Average ; good
Under | Average
Under aver-
age ; bad
Under
Under aver-
age ; good
quality
Average
Ver>' thin ;
small
Under
Under ; good
Under
Very bad
Average ; good
' Average
j
Under average
Average
Morellos good ;
sweet Cherries
thin
Average ; good
Average ; good
Under
Average
Under
Under ; good
Under
Good
Urder average
Under
Average ; good
APPLES.
Over ; good
Average ; good
Good
Over average
Over ; good
Average ; good
Good
Good
Average; good
Urder average
Over average ;
very good
Average ; good
Average ; good
Average : good
Average
Over ; good
Over ; very
gord
Avera;;c
PEARS.
SMALL
FRUITS.
JMuch under
good
Under average
Under
Average
Under ; good
Under average
Average on
walls, none on
pyramids
Under avera
Average ; gocd
Under average
Over average
very good
Average ; gocd
Under ; good
Under ; good
Under average
Over : very
good
Average ; very
good
Under
Over average ; Over average
Bad
Under average
Failure
Under
Under average
Under aver-
age ; gocd
Under
Under
Thin crop ;
small
Unde
Under
Bad
I
Bad Under average
Under average Under average
Under aver- Average ; very
age ; bad good
.... Under average
Under Under
Bad ' Bad
Under; good Under; bad
Average Average ; good
Average ; very' ....
good !
Average Average
Average ; good On walls under
' average
Under aver- Under aver-
age ; good age ; bad
Average ; good Under average
Average
Average
Average
Bad
very
Average
Average
Over average
Over ; very
good
Average
Over ; very
gocd
Over
Very good
Over average
Over ; gccd
Over ; very
good
Very good
Over average :
good
Average ; good
Over
Over average
Under aver-
age ; good
Average
Fxce'Ient
crop ; loaded
Aveiage
Average ; very
gocd
Average
Over average
very gcod
Average
Under average
Under aver-
age ; good
Average ; veiy
good
Average ; very
gocd
Under ; very
grod
Ui-der
Average
Average
Ui der aver-
age ; good
Average ; gocd
Very good
Average on
walls only
Average ; good
Under
Average
Over ; good
Average ; good
Very good
Average
Average ; good
Plentiful and
good
All good
Average ; very
good
STRAW-
BERRIES.
Over ; good
Over average ;
good
Very gocd 1
Over average
Over;> very
good
Over average ;
good
Abundant ;
very fine
Excellent
Over average ;
very food
NUTS.
NAME
AND
ADDRESS.
The:, Mylcs, Appley Towers.
Isle of Witrht
Under average F. Thirlby, Bioadlands, Rem-
sey
Very bad William Pbipps, Uowocd Car-
dens, Calne
J. Horscfield, Hcyte^bu^y
Urder Thos, King, Devizes Castlu
Under average H. W. Ward, Longford Casile,
Salisbury
Scarce J. Sallford, IIsingtonGardtrs,
Puddletown
Under average C. Haze], Leweston HoviEe,
Sherborne
Average W. P. Leach, Br^ ai slon
Gardens
.Average"; ex
cept Goose-
berries
Over average : Over average
very good very good
Full crop ; Over average ; Average
gocd very gocd I
Over; good .Average ; good I Urder; bad
Average; good, Under average
Average
Average ; good Over ; good
Over average ;
very good
Over ; good
Average ; good
Very good
Over average ;
very gocd
Over ; good
Over ; very
good
Gocd
Average ; good Over average ; Under avei
very gocd ag*" ; bad
Very good Over average ; Under averagi
gocd
Very good
Average ; good Not grown out-
j side
Over ; very Over ; good
good
Under ; bad
Under average
Over average
Above aver-
age ; good
Over average
Average
Over average
Average ; gocd
Over ; very
good
Under aver-
age ; good
Average
Average
Average
Good crop ;
Quinces gocd
Under ; bad
Average ; very
CI od
Under
Over average
Under; very
sood
Under average
Average
Average ; good
Average
Under
Average
Under ; good
Average ; good
Average
Over average
Average ; gocd
Under
Over ; very
good
Over
Very good
Over average
Over average
good
Average ; very
good
Very good
Good
Very abun-
dant ; good
Average
Average
Over average; Average
very good i
Over; very Over; good
gocd
Over; very I Under
good I
Over ; very 'Average ; gocd
gocd I
Over Average
Very good Under average
Over average
Over average
Over ; very
go&d
Very good
Abundant ;
good
Abundant ;
gocd
Over ; bad
Alfred Bye, Hampton Court
Gardens, Leominster
Over average ; Over average ;, Under average
very good very good
Arlhur Ward. SloVe Edilh
Park, Herefotd
Robert Abbey, Hrlme Lacy
Gardens. Hereford
Joseph Hall, Shobdcn Court
Gardens
Under Arthur Barker, HirdUp. Wor-
cester
Under; bad Robert Palmer, Hagley Gar-
dens, Stourbridge
Under Walter Child, Croome Court,
Severn stoke
Over ; good Wm. Ctump, Madresficid
Court, Malvern
Under George Westland, Willey
Court
A. Scott, The Gardens, Sher-
borne Park
Samuel Waihen, Kingscote
Park
, Tuiner, Fretherne Court,
Stcnebouse
John Sowiay.Highnam Ccurt,
Gloucester
Thomas Coomber, Hent're
Paik
A. S. Woods, The Gaidtns,
Trtdegar Park
John Austen, Ashton Ccurt
Gaidens, Bristol
William Halle tt. Ccssirgtcn
Farm, Bridgwater
W. A. Ceale. Ciicket St.
Thomas. Chard
Average W. J. Rowley, Kingswcston,
Taunton
Very thin A. Ayson, Oxton House,
Kenton
Walnuts abun- D. C. Powell, Powderlam
dant Castle
F. Geary, Eggesford Gardens
Scarce Geo. E^ker, The Gardens,
Membland Hall
Under average Charles Lee, Boconnoc
Under James Murton, Perca'erick,
Truro
George Knox, Port Eliictt
Gardens, St. Get mains
Over average ;
gocd
Good ; plen-
tiful
Average ; ex-
cept Uoose-
berries
Over
Average ; good
Over average |
Over
Over
Under
Over
Excelled crops Excellent, and
of good
quality
Over
Over average ;
gnod I
Gcod I
Good ; except,
Gooseberries I
Over ; very
good
Over average ;
very good
Good
Very good
Filberts fair ;
Cobs poor
Walnuts
failure
Average
Under
Under aver;
Over ; good Average; good ....
Over average Over average ....
Over average ; Over average ; Under aver-
good good I age ; bad
Over average Average ; good ....
Average : good Average : good Under
Over average Over average ; Under
gocd . good
Average ' Average ....
Average ; good Average ; good Aver.ige ; gocd
Average ; veiy Average ; very ....
good good
Albert Ballard, GUrusk Paik,
Crickhowell
Louis Bowen, Edwinsford
Henry Howard, Castle Mal-
gwyn Gardens
Allan Calder.VajnolGardtns,
Bangor
P. Middleton, Wyrnstay,
and Llangedwyn Gaidenb
Ralph Crossling, Fcnanh
Nurseries
Jas. Bennett, Rbug Gardens,
Cor wen
Wm. Lee, Powis Castle Gar-
dens
Geo. Griffin, The Gardens,
Slebeck Park
Geo. Porteous, Garron Tcwer
W. Allan, Brownlow Gardens
Thomas Bennett, Oak Pai k
Gardens
W. I.
William Wilson, Drcmoland
Castle
W. Osborne, Foto Island
William Fleming, Palace Gar-
dens
J. Ellam, BrenanstownHou?e,
Cabintely
David Pressly, Knockmarccn
Ledge
140
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[August 4, 1883.
CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CKOVS— {Continued).
COUNTY.
; APRICOTS.
PLUMS. CHERRIES.
PEACHES
AND NEC-
TARINES.
PEARS.
SMALL
FRUITS.
STRAW-
BERRIES.
NUTS.
NAME
AND
ADDRESS.
IRELAND.
FERMANAGH ..
KILDARE
KILKENNY ,
MEATH
QUEEN'S CO. ..
WATERFORD
WESTMEATH ..,
WICKLOW
CHANNEL
ISLANDS.
GUERNSEY
JERSEY
SCILLY ISLES ...
Under average
Under
A failure
Under ; bad
Under
Under
Under; bad
Under average
Under
Under
Under
Average
Under
Good
Average
Under ; very Average ; good
good I
Under ; go^d Average ; good
Under
Under
Average
Over ; very
good !
Under ; good Average ; good
i
Over average ; Under aver-
very good age ; bad
Average
All under glass
Average ; bad
Under
Under ; bad
Under Average Under
Under Average ; good Under
Under ; bad Average Under
Average ; good .... • • ■ .
Average Under average
Average Average
Average ; very Average on
good ! walls
Over; gocd i Under ; good ,
Average ' Under
Under i Average
Over : good Under ; good
Over average ; Average
very good
Very good
Average ;
Gooseberries
under
Over ; good
Over ; very
good
Average ; very
good
Over ; very
good
Over ; good
Over average ;
very good
Average
Average
Over ; good
Over : very
good
Average ; very
good
Over ; very
good
Average
Over average ;
good
Over i Average Over ; good Over ; good
Average ; good Average ; good' Abundant ; Abundant ;
very good very good
Over average ; Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good
good i 1 I
Over average ; Average ; goodjOver average ; Average ; good'
very good good i I
Average
Average
Under
Under
William Magee, Florence
Court, Enniskillen
Philip Wadds, The Gardens,
Moore Abbey
William Gray, Woodstock
Park, Inistioge
W. J. Ireland, Headfort Gar-
dens, Kells
Edward Ennis, Emo Park,
Portarlington
R. Fairbaim, Curraghmore
J. Igo, Moydrum Castle,
Athlone
Over average G. H. M'CuUoch, Powers-
court Gardens
Very few
Chas. Smith & Sod, Caledonian
Nursery
Charles B. Saunders, St. Sa-
viour's
Edward Pond, The Vineries
Geo. D. Vallance, Tresco
Abbey Gardens
PLANTS IN FLOWER.
Gladiolus CoLViLLEi ALBUS, or "The Bride."
— This is really a lovely and useful plant, from the
first highly eulogised, and destined to be much more
appreciated, There is now no doubt as to its hardi-
ness and adaptability for forcing, I have no hesita-
tion in saying that, by careful management, it may be
had in flower from shortly after, or by Christmas to
September : and how serviceable the pure white
flowers, invaluable for wreaths, &c. It is now in
prime state outside, the admiration of all ; and upon
examination of the bulbs I find they are increasing
rapidly. Thanks to a great extent are due to Mr,
Thomas Ware for popularising this plant, and I am
of opinion it will be far more popular than at present ;
and as it multiplies freely there is no prospect of the
price rising to such a degree as to prevent an enor-
mous sale. Bulbs once forced, if gradually hardened
off and well fed after being forced, will flower well
enough the following year. This I proved this year.
Campanula carpatica and var. alba, — These
are undoubtedly two of the most useful border or rock
plants we have now in flower, the former with blue
and the latter with white flowers, produced in such
profusion as to make the plants very conspicuous.
Their hardiness is greatly in their favour, and the ease
with which they may be propagated either by seed,
careful division, or by cuttings ; where a limited stock
only is required the latter method is much preferable.
Take the young cuttings in spring and prick in sandy
soil in a cold frame, and they will strike freely.
There is a very handsome variety sent out by Froebel
& Co., of Zurich, under the name of C, turbinata
pelviformis, but it is nearer carpatica in every way,
the flowers not being turbinate ; and, besides, turbi-
nata itself is only a variety of carpatica. It is very
handsome, quite crowded with flowers. My plant is
on the rockery, and is now about a foot high ; but in
a less drained position it grows rather taller. The
flower-stems carry several flowers; corolla about li
inch across, nearly saucer-shaped, with five distinct
lobes, of a pale blue-purple colour. It is one of the
best plants now in flower, the colour of the flowers
being very distinct, while they are produced in great
abundance. To increase the stock of it the young
shoots should be rooted in spring, as if seed of it is
sown you get a great variety of offspring, none per-
haps like the true plant ; but I have noticed that all
the seedlings approach carpatica more than turbinata,
RuTA tatavina or patavanica, — This is a very
rare little alpine, which is the primary reason why it
is mentioned here, as it is by no means a very showy
plant, but is certainly a most interesting little Rue. I
have some small plants now in flower which were
originally obtained from Herr Max Leichtlin, of Baden
Baden. It produces slender stems about 9 inches
high. Leaves rather less than an inch long, lanceo-
late, entire, bluntish, slightly glaucous. Cymes few-
flowered when expanded, but they are generally
closed, are about half an inch across, pale yellow j
petals oval, spathubte, boat-shaped. It is, I believe,
hardy in well drained situations, and although a
weakly grower, if planted in sand, loam, and leaf-
soil it thrives fairly well, but undoubtedly is rather
difficult to increase. Perhaps Herr Max Leichtlin
will communicate his experience of the plant to the
numerous readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle, whose
delight is the cultivation of rare as well as showy
hardy flowers.
Campanula Hosti. — This very much resembles
C. rotundifolia, but as far as I have observed it never
has the roundish leaves, like the radical leaves of that
species, and the narrow stem leaves are more
numerous ; the flower-stems bear a larger number of
flowers, which are individually much larger and more
open than those of rotundifolia, in the normal form
of a deep blue colour ; I think it is often called
linifolia. There is also a white-flowered variety,
alba, which is extremely pretty, the counterpart of
the blue form ; both are excellent rock plants, dwarf
in habit, very floriferous and hardy ; increased freely
from seeds, which must, however, be carefully saved.
The young spring cuttings root freely in a cold frame ;
young plants thus made are very vigorous. It is a
bad plan to split old plants up, as all the growths pro-
ceed from a primary rootstock, so it is difficult to
divide in such a way as to have roots to each piece.
DiANTHUS SUPERBUS. — Among the host of alpine
Pinks this stands out as one of the prettiest and most
deliciously scented. It grows very freely, and pro-
duces a profusion of its pretty light pink laciniated
flowers with an almost unique sweetness, which was
not unobserved by the old authors. Clusius mentions
it, and Parkinson describes it thus : — " Of a most
fragrant scent, comforting the spirits and senses
afarre off'." The latter authority also describes it as
the " feathered Pinke of Austria," Native of Southern
Europe, easily grown and increased, forming a broad
evergreen cushion on the rockery,
RuBUS ODORATUS, — This is a very showy
shrubby species, growing 3—4 feet high, with large
palmately divided leaves, and cymes of rosy-purple
flowers from ij— 2 inches across. For the shrubbery
and wild garden it is well suited ; the fruit, which is
very rarely produced, is edible, somewhat resembling
the Raspberry, but rather larger. I remember seeing
it with several fruit ripened in the marvellous collec-
tion at Byfleet, Surrey, belonging to Mr. Joseph
Stevens. A good figure is given in Bot. Mag., t. 323,
and Miller cultivated it in 1739.
parts of North America.
Native of many
Geranium argenteum. — This is a very rare and
beautiful little " Crane's-bill," of dwarf tufted growth.
Leaves sub-peltate, with numerous divisions covered
with a silvery pubescence. Peduncles usually two-
flowered ; flowers about 1 4 inch across, of a soft pink
colour ; petals obcordate. The charming blending of
colour in the flowers and foliage is very noticeable,
and all alpine lovers are quick to appreciate it. It is
remarkable that it is so rarely seen in our gardens, a
fact which can only be accounted for by the slow rate
at which it can be increased ; it does not produce off-
shoots very freely, and when divided it is very diffi-
cult to coax into fresh growth. It ripens seeds but
sparingly in this country, though undoubtedly the best
way to increase it is by means of seeds, which are
very slow in germination. I remember seeing a little
colony of seedlings upon the rock garden belonging
to Mr. Whitehead at Bickley, the seed being self-
sown, yet undoubtedly the recipients of some care.
An excellent figure of it is given as long since as 1801
in Bat. Mag,, t. 504, where Mr. Curtis remarks,
" It was introduced into this country from the sum-
mit of Mount Baldus by Mr. Loddiges, nurseryman,
of Hackney. " I have a good plant on the rockery
outside, which has received no protection for three
years. T.
RODGERSIA PODOPHYLLA.
A stately herbaceous plant, of great hardiness,
remarkable more for its general effect than for the
individual beauty of its flowers. It is a native of
Northern Japan, where it grows in thin woods at sub-
alpine elevations, Mr, Maximowicz, to whom we
are indebted for so many ornamental plants from
that region, sent it to the Petersburg Botanic Garden
some fifteen years ago ; and Dr, Regel states that it
is perfectly hardy in the severe climate of that city.
Closely allied to Astilbe, it possesses the advantage
of a taller habit of growth, attaining a height of
3 or 4 feet. The flowers are white, and appear in
June or July. Our figure (fig.23) was prepared from a
plant cultivated by Messrs, Rodger McClelland & Co,,
of Newry, Ireland.
Aster diplostefhioides, a figure of which
has been prepared for the Botanical Magazine, is a
beautiful plant about li foot in height, with large,
showy flower-heads (of a lavender-blue colour) more
than l\ inches in diameter. The Kew plant was
raised Irom Himalayan seed presented to the Royal
Gardens by Mr. H. J. Elwes, and is the No. 32 of
that gentleman's collection.
August 4, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
141
SOME RARE OLD PLANTS.
Now and then, and usually more often at country
shows than at London exhibitions, we meet with
some rare old things that come upon old plantsmen
with surprise and pleasurable delight, whilst younger
men are apt to think that these are novelties of the
section of a family of plants that is far too seldom
seen in gardens. This plant was covered with long
scapes or spikes of pendent bell-shaped flowers,
pure white in colour, and bearing no inconsiderable
resemblance to large blooms of Lily of the Valley.
This Clethra is a grand plant for greenhouse and con-
servatory decoration. Then in a collection of fine
The specimen shown was about 6 feet in height, and
was an attractive feature to all lovers of choice things,
and worth a score of commonplace fine-foliaged
plants. Lastly, Mr. Aitkin had in another group a
small but well-bloomed plant of the large yellow-
flowered Celsia Arcturus, sometimes called C. cretica,
that showed how in this genus and its allies, the
Fig. 23.— rodgersia podophylla : flowers white, (see p. 140.
finest water. It was with some such sentiments we
saw at the pretty country show held the other day in
the Duke of Buccleuch's fine park at Ditton, near
Slough, two or three things that were worthy of and
secured the greatest admiration. Thus the centre
figure of a good group of plants put up by Mr.
Godfrey, gardener to Dr. Meadows, of Poyle Park,
was a tall, superbly bloomed specimen of the Madeiran
Clethra arborea, one of the greenhouse evergreen
stove and greenhouse plants put up by Mr. Aitkin,
gardener to Mrs. Meeking, Richings Park, was a
very beautifully flowered specimen of the Lager-
stromia indica rosea, a fine old hard-wooded Chinese
plant that to thousands of gardeners is as little
known as are the propositions of Euclid. The petals,
frilled at the edges, are attached to the calyx solely
by a thin filament. The plant is not of a dense
habit, but when in good bloom is singularly beautiful.
Alonsoas, what beautiful flowering greenhouse plants
are too much neglected.
YtrccA ALOIFOLIA VARIEGATA. — A Stately speci-
men of this handsome plant, which measures 12 feet
4 inches in height, is now in flower in Major Foster's
garden at Moor Park, Ludlow. The panicle of
flowers measures z feet 6 inches in length.
142
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 18S3,
mi\\\i Hole.') and |lcuninf!f).
L^LIA Veitchiana x .—This gorgeous hybrid
Orchid (see supplementary sheet) is quite a veteran,
having been raised in 1S58. It was raised at Exeter
by Mr. Dominy for Mr. James Veitch, who brought
it to Chelsea, where, we believe, the whole stock
still remains. The parents, it is recorded, were Cat-
tleya labiata and C. crispa, and the hybrid was first
named Cattleya Veitchiana by Mr. Dominy ; but Dr.
Reichenbach, who regarded C. crispa as a Lselia
before he reduced the genus Lcelia to Bletia, subse-
quently described the hybrid {.Card. Chron., n. s., i.,
p. 566) under the above name. A seedling in 1S5S,
it did not flower until 1874, in March of which year
it was exhibited at South Kensington, and Messrs.
Veitch were awarded a First-class Certificate for it.
Sixteen years was a long time to wait for the first
flowers, but the recompense was great. It has leaves
of great substance, and deep dark green in colour,
while the flowers are lilac-mauve, with a lemon-yellow
and crimson-purple lip. Or to be more circumstantial
the sepals are of a delicate lilac ; petals deeper
coloured, more inclining to mauve, with some pale
amethyst-purple spots; anterior half of lip rich crim-
son-purple, with a sulphur-yellow disc behind, streaked
with purple in the centre, the whole with a narrow
pale lilac border.
Cattleya superea splendens, — I send you two
blooms of the Rio Negro variety which have been out
a fortnight and are past their best ; but the colour of
the petals is lovely, as you can perceive. I have seen
darker lips and broader petals, but not a more attrac-
tive flower. Mr. Bockett calls it a bad one to manage ;
but I find plenty of sun, little or no shade, except
when the young growth is coming up, floods of water
during growth, combined with a hot temperature and
near the light, suit it well. All my plants grow freely
and make as large or larger bulbs here than the old
ones show. They are impatient of any covering to
the roots : and do best on a block of Tree Fern. I
find, when not in growth, they do not get more water
than just to keep them from shrivelling, and are always
kept hung near the glass in a very airy stove-house
(air on day and night). To this latter I attribute
much of my success : a close damp atmosphere at
night is death to many of our plants. F, A. Philbiick.
Cattleya Leopoldi.— I send you two blooms of
a very bright fine shaped variety, I think far before
any engraved or coloured plate I have seen. It is
deliciously fragrant, the odour resembling Nutmegs or
some "spicy breeze," though not from Araby the
blest. I never saw such well spotted petals or so
round a flower. F. A. riiilbrick.
Tkichopilia hyjienanthera. — This is flowering
for the first time with me, a very pretty and un-
common plant. It is best grown in a basket with
sphagnum and a little peat and charcoal, in the inter-
mediate-house. The flower-spike is extremely grace-
ful, and though not a show Orchid is extremely charm-
ing. In growth it is not unlike a strong form of
Leptotes bicolor. F, A, Fhillinck,
Cypripedium Lawrenceanum.— I also send
two blooms out of thirteen the plant bore for a month
and cut about ten days ago. This plant is the variety
I had a First-class Certificate for, at the same time
the introducers (Messrs. Veitch) had a similar one. It
is the best variety I know. Side by side I have a
plant part of Mr. PoUett's parent plant, figured and
badly coloured, vol. i. of Williams^ Orchid Allnnii,
not nearly so large or so fine. In boldness and for a
striking plant this is the finest Cypripedium intro-
duced of late years, indeed I doubt if any of the old
varieties touch it. For conspicuous beauty of foliage
and for strength of consitution it is unrivalled among
the slippers ; it is a remarkably free grower, and keeps
free from all pests and plagues. The dorsal sepal in
these two flowers is beautifully coloured, and, unlike
C. barbatum superbum grandiflorum, or indeed any
variety of barbatum I ever saw, show a variety and
combination of colouring of the ground of the dorsal
sepal which greatly heightens the attractiveness of the
flower. The plant in question has light marbled leaves,
as distinctly marked as any C. Dayanum, but some C.
Lawrenceanum have dark marbled leaves, resembling
the darker form of Dayanum. I find the darker leaved
variety generally bears smaller flowers. F. A. Phil-
brick, OlilfieUs, Bicklcy.
New Orchids from New Zealand. r— Among
a number of plants described as new by Mr. W.
Colenso in the fifteenth volume of the Transactions
and Proceedings of the jVetu Zealand Institute are
three Orchids, namely, Earina quadrilobata, Dendro-
bium Lessonii, and Pterostylis emarginata. The first
is said to have close affinity with E. mucronata, but is a
much smaller and more graceful plant, with fewer and
differently formed flowers. The author considers his
Dendrobium to be the same as D. biflorum of
Richard, but not of Swarlz, and specifically different
from the commoner D. Cunninghami. A fourth new
Orchid is reported by Mr. J. Buchanan in the same
publication. On the authority of Baron Mueller it is
Calochilus paludosus, R. Br., a species previously
known only from New South Wales. It was col-
lected by Mr. H. II. Travers in the Collingwood
District, South Island. We may add that the genus,
of which two other species have been described, is
otherwise limited to South-eastern Australia.
Vanda teres. — In reply to the remarks of
Mr. Douglas at p. 78, respecting the growth of the
Vanda teres that recently bloomed so profusely, I
have to state that it occupied for the past twelve
months the small stove mentioned in my previous
remarks, where it bloomed. This stove faces the
west, and the plant stood at the sunny end, close to
the glass, but a little shaded by the Dendrobiums
around it. It was kept dry, water being entirely
withheld. During the remaining' ten months it was
syringed twice daily, and the house shut up in the
afternoon. On sunny days the thermometer has regis-
tered 75° to 100°. In this house there is a good heat
kept up the whole year. In other respects it had no
extra attention. It has now been placed in its old
quarters, and will be treated under the same condi-
tions as before, and I hope to report next June that it
again bears 260 flowers. It cannot surely do better,
for it was covered with bloom. Jos. Broome, Wood
Lawn, Didsbiiry.
OOONTOGLOSSUM RoEZLII. — Although not pos-
sessed of the bold and striking appearance of O.
vexillarium, this species is in every respect worthy of
cultivation ; and the two coupled with O. Phalas-
nopsis would form a beautiful and interesting trio for
any collection. They are all from the same country,
and evidently closely related, but justly entitled to
specific distinction, the dilTerences of which are most
apparent in the inflorescence. A white variety of the
present species, and one of O. vexillarium, would, to
a casual observer, be scarcely distinguishable ; culti-
vators, however, cannot fail to note the disparity in
the vigour of growth, the former being the weaker,
and at the same time more erect in habit. The indi-
vidual flowers are large and white, with the exception
of a dull violet-purple blotch near the base of the
petals, and orange lines and spots on the labellum.
These flowers are deliciously fragrant, reminding one
very forcibly of Rosa indica.
SPIR/EAS.
How often it happens that hardy plants posses-
sing a beautiful and distinct habit of growth, and
which, in addition, produce handsome flowers, re-
main so long unknown, or their merits un-
acknowledged by the generality of those who possess
gardens, that they are absent from numbers of places
where their presence in association with the ordinary
occupants of the shrubbery would be a decided gain,
as much for the contrast to other things which they
would afford as for the individual beauty they pos-
sess. Amongst these may be named some of the
SpiiL^as which bloom in the summer months, when
the glory of the spring flowerers is past, and there
is little in the way of flowers to light up the dense
masses of foliage that are then predominant. Take, for
instance, the Himalayan S. Lindleyana, with its dis-
tinct handsome leaves, and the large feathery elegant
sprays of white flowers which it produces from the
extremity of every shoot, than which nothing can be
more effective, especially when a few plants are
grouped together. Then there is the Chinese S. cal-
losa, the white flowers of which are very effective ;
S. Nobleana, a Californian species with pale pink
flowers, its erect dense panicles being both handsome
and distinct ; S. arixfulia, another fme kind, bearing
conspicuous white flowers; S. Reevesiana, a pretly
white-flowered kind, of Chinese origin ; S. prunifolia
flore-pleno, still another Chinese sort, well worth
growing where the ground devoted to shrubs is exten-
sive ; but even in places of limited extent the above
might often with advantage be introduced if perforce
the more usually met with denizens of the shrubbery
were less extensively planted.
FOf^ESTI^Y.
1 — -
Forest Work for August. — Continue the
operations recommended for last month regarding the
preparation of ground for autumn planting, but more
particularly the draining and trenching, or pitting of
wet soils. Autumn planting is preferable to spring
planting, and should be resorted to in all favourable
situations. In the case of peat-bog, or other wet
retentive soils, the reverse of this is, however, the
case, as the antiseptic properties of peat always
damage the tender rootlets before starting into growth
in spring. Prepare ground where evergreens are to
be transplanted, and towards the end of the month
the planting of most evergreen shrubs may be begun.
Large trees that are intended for removal during this
season should have their roots cut round, which will
greatly induce the formation of young rootlet?.
. Evergreens of all sorts may towards the end of this
month, or beginning of'next, be propagated by layer-
ing or from cuttings. Mow and clean all plantation
drives and shooting roads, and where not already
done cut all weeds around the margins of planta-
tions. The sooner summer operations in the wood-
land are finished up the better, as game will now be
driven to shelter by farming operations in the adjoin-
ing fields. Continue the tarring or varnishing of
fences and gates during dry warm weather, as little of
such work has been got done during the past month.
In the nursery, owing to the very wet season, weeds
have been difficult to keep down, and could only be
managed by hand-picking ; but now that more favour-
able weather has set in, extra perseverance and vigi-
lance are necessary.
Young plantations may now be thinned, and the
falls collected into lots suitable for local purchasers,
as there is generally a good demand for fencing-poles
and such-like material at this season.
Clean out all surface and leading drains, so that the
late rains may have a free passage, bearing in mind
that thorough drainage will keep the sail at a higher
temperature than when water is allowed to lodge
throughout the winter.
Collect all joad-scrapings, ditch-cleanings, and
general nursery refuse, and form into a compost with
lime for use on the farm, nursery, or as a top-dressing
for grass lands. Where it is intended to form new
hedges the ground may now be prepared, either by
trenching or digging, as the case may require. Con-
tinue the switching of Thorn and oiher hedges, as well
as the pruning of evergreen fences and banks. Re-
move superfluous leaders from Coniferous and other
trees ; prune off dead branches wherever in sight, but
more especially within the policy grounds and along
the margins of plantations visible from drives or
roads. Examine fences and Iree^guards, and see that
rabbit-proof wire-nettings are in a good state of repair.
Groundwork alterations and improvements — such as
roadmaking, levelling, &c. — may now be commenced,
and materials carted during dry weather for repair-
ing roads, walks, and drives.
The present is a good time to go over plantations,
especially hardwood, and mark off such trees as are
intended to be removed, always reserving the best for
the permanent crop, and looking more to the future
value of the plantation than to the value of the thin-
nings removed. Layering in the nursery and wood-
land should be continued, especially where game
coverts are in request. The shoots best adapted for
this purpose are those that have completed their
second year's growth, such seldom failing if firmly
pegged down and covered with good soil,
Look over ornamental trees, and see that all ties,
stakes, or supports are in good order, and not cutting
or chafing the bark, at the same time treading up
such as have become loosened or are rocking with the
wind.
The ravages of beetles and caterpillars are usually
worst at this season, so a sharp outlook is necessary
to prevent further damage, as the injury they infiict is
not easily overcome, especially if it is the leader they
have attacked. In the nursery or woodland remove
all plants affected by beetle, red-spider, or caterpillar,
and have such carefully collected and burned at once.
A, D, IVti'sfcr, Penrhyn Castk, North Wales,
August 4, 1SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..
143
iilcIjXM: SeiIim;.
A MOST important crop, to be sown not later than
the middle of this month, is winter Spinach The
liind linown as the priclcly is the most preferred,
being the hardiest. The situation chosen should be
fully exposed to the sun, and the soil should not be of
a too retentive character. A thorough good dressing
of rotten manure should be dug in deeply, and the
ground afterwards be marked out into 4-feet
beds, running north and south, and formed in a
convex shape. This done, the seeds had best be
sown in four or five drills, but the great point is to
see that the seed is got in not later than the 15th ;
the plants will then become strong, and be better able
to stand the winter. And when one reflects that for
a whole six months this crop is likely to be called
upon for a supply, too much pains can hardly be
taken in getting it properly in, and a good breadth
sown ; the south border is often chosen as the
best place to sow this crop for winter. Also at
the same time sow a packet or two of winter Onions—
the Tiipoli is generally preferred ; for years we have
sown this crop quite thick on a rather poor piece of
land, and in the spring transplanted them to richer
land, usually in March, when sowing the spring
Onions. Sow at once a good hardy Cos and Cabbage
Lettuce for winter and early spring supply, which we
shall mention again, as to where and when to plant, in
a later Calendar. Where Turnip greens are much in
demand a still further sowing may be made— not that
they will bulb much, but the tops are relished by some
in the early spring. Push forward the planting of
Endive, and let it be planted in various situations,
sometimes on east or west borders it will stand the
winter better than on a south border. The hardy
green and the round-leaved Batavian are good hardy
kinds. Oftentimes a plant dies here and there in the
plantation ; when this is the case a search in the
place with a pointed stick will discover a brown grub,
which kill, and then put in a fresh plant. The
present is a good time to sow the winter supply of
Chervil ; in modern [cookery this herb is greatly in
demand.
If not already done get up early Fotatos at once ;
the disease has made its appearance among them,
and they are ripe : so sort them for seed and table
separately. Cut the tops off early I'arsley nearly close
to the ground ; it will push forth fresh leaves directly,
which will stand the winter better than the old leaves.
As soon as the mid-season Peas are over clear the
ground, and plant directly with Broccoli or Kale to
stand the winter. It is hardly possible to have too
much of these. Plant in some shady place a few
hundreds of some very hardy red Celery. It will not
require earthing-up, but will ccme in most useful for
flavouring soups in April and May. In some localities
Scarlet Runners will shed their blossom ; where this
is the case a good watering will be beneficial. Keep
the hoe going amongst crops, and endeavour to keep
weeds from seeding. Earth-up all the Brassica tribe
as occasion requires, and thin-out late Parsley and
Turnips. Continue once a fortnight to earth-up the
early Celery, and take care that late crops do not
suffer for want of water. Nothing tends so much to
make it hard and tough as too little water, and if the
leaves get disease dust the entire crop with soot the
first thing in the morning. If a good supply of herbs
has not been secured by drying lose no time in doing
so ; even for some purposes dried Sage is preferred
to the green. Begin at once daily to collect material
for Mushroom beds, and do not reject too much straw
from the droppings. J. Rust, Erulge Castle, Sussex,
Peaches anb Wectarines.
Carry out the directions already given as to the
treatment of early and second houses, and as the trees
in succession houses become cleared of fruit, give them
the same treatment as to syringing and watering, &c.,
as was applied to early houses when in the same condi-
tion. Also go over them and take out all superfluous
and weak wood that will not be required for fruit-bear-
ing next year ; by doing this now the trees will require
very little pruning in winter time, and the wood gets
thoroughly ripened and in good condition to produce
good crops of fruit next season. Bring on late houses
according to the time they are required to be lipe: any
forcing may be done by closing early on bright sunny
days. Keep the foliage clean by plying the syringe
freely twice daily on bright days — on dull wet days
once will be sufficient. Get the fruit well exposed
to all the sun and light possible, and pay special
attention to the roots by keeping them well supplied
with liquid manure whenever they require it. 7-
IVallis, A'a/e Gai-Jeiis, August I.
])l;mlf5 and \\\t\\ |;iltui[t
Stove Plants.— The section of these that are so
much grown for the beauty of their foliage should now
be in their very best condition. Keep a watchful eye
on the inroads of all insect pests, which increase to an
alarming extent if left to themselves at this season of
the year. The very life-blood of the plants will be
drawn from them if neglected ; see, therefore, that all
of these, our enemies, are kept at the lowest possible
point. Where this is done far more plants can be
grown in a healthy vigorous condition than can even
be dreamed of where insects are at times allowed to
have things all (or nearly all) their own way. Young
and tender developing foliage becomes crippled and
impaired beyond remedy ; this in the case of fine-
foliaged plants is, if possible, a greater evil than with
flowering kinds. Plants become disfigured, and are
an eyesore for months afterwards to those who take
any pride in good cultivation. Guard against over-
crowding to an undue extent ; ease the stove proper
of any plants that are considered sufficiently hardy to
succeed when well established in an intermediate-
house or even in a conservatory that is kept a trifle
warmer than an ordinary greenhouse. In this way a
very pleasing change can be made in the arrangement
during the summer months without any injury to the
plants if well cared for. Be careful in the case of the
more tender kinds with regard to the watering ; see
that soft or rain-water is used if possible, and that,
too, not drawn from a cold-water tank, where the
sun's rays have not the chance of warming the same,
and avoid placing the tenderest species in a draughty
position.
Propagation of the well ■ coloured and shapely
growths of Crotons may be looked to ; these will be
handy in the late autumn as table plants when well
rooted. Asparagus plumosus nanus can be increased
by division ; this excellent decorative plant is well
worthy of every attention, and an increase in the stock
of the same will not be regretted. So far we have not
succeeded in striking it from cuttings, but mean to try
again. We have resorted to fertilisation of its flowers,
but in this case too we failed to get the desired end,
though the plant operated on was in robust health.
This species makes a beautiful specimen, our example
of it is now some iS feet in circumference. Some seed
of Cyperus alternifolius should be saved and sown as
soon as ripe ; this is the best way to grow this plant
for decorative purposes. Gesneras, useful alike for
the beauty of their leaves and for their flowers, should
receive every attention where any stock is being grown
for autumn and winter uses. We have succeeded best
with the tuberous kinds when kept nearly close to the
glass and plunged in a slight bottom-heat in a pit or
frame. Dracaenas that have become too tall may be
struck off now, before winter comes on us again ;
when any are cut down look after saving some of the
stems, to be cut up for increase for small dwarf stock.
In the case of D. gracilis, however, we like to leave
the stem intact after the top has been taken off, then
as young shoots push forth these can be heeled off
and struck singly in thumbs.
Continue to propagate^any stock of winter flower-
ing stove plants where any further increase is neces-
sary. We have just put in some strong tops of Eran-
themum pulchellum that will make dwarf stocky
plants by the autumn. A late batch of Poinsettias
will also be useful as dwarf plants, in which manner
they are best adapted (or furnishing purposes. All
the Euphorbias should now be well established, and
making strong growths. Thyrsacanthus rutilans is
best grown as small standards, our young stock are
now growing away nicely ; old plants also flower well,
and should receive attention. Begonias, as B. insignis
and Knowsleyana, should now be making nice
plants ; seedlings of the latter kind are with us doing
well, being dwarf and vigorous. All these and similar
plants that arc ir-tended for winter supplies shoiild be
fully exposed to the sun, growing them as hard as
possible. We have ours in a pit by themselves, where
they receive the treatment best calculated to ensure
these desired results in due time.
We have not so far given over firing (or the stove
this season ; had the weather been warmer the fires
might have been left out occasionally, but just a trifle
of heat in the pipes, is, we think, the best plan, and
the safest too. If the night temperature is above 72°
a crack of top air may be left on all through the
night. This is better than leaving the house closed
without any fire ; on this latter principle there will be
an excess of moisture in the morning, which is not so
easily dispelled should the morning be damp and
dull. Where no fires are kept in the afternoon damp-
ing down and syringing should be the last for the
day ; this will in a measure obviate any excess of
moisture in the morning. James JhuSson, Gunners-
bury House Gardens, Acton, W., fitly 31.
Jflelons an6 Cucumbers.
Melons. — Last week we made our last planting
for the season, in a house in which plenty of top
and bottom-heat is at command. As Melons had
occupied this house up to within a day or two o
making this planting, the only preparation necessary
for the reception of the young plants, which had been
previously got ready, was the removal of the old
plants and a little of the surface-soil from the beds,
which was replaced with some fresh soil as soon as
the interior of the house had been cleansed. This was
formed into little hillocks, and the plants— one on
each — planted thereon, and secured to a stick fastened
to the first wire of the trellis. These plants will fur-
nish us with a good supply of fruit during the month
of October and early part of November. The recent
and somewhat frequent storms have necessitated the
fire being lighted occasionally to dispel damp, now
that the nights are becoming longer and somewhat
colder. When there are indications that a falling in
the temperature may take place during the night, the
fires had better be lighted, and the atmospheric mois-
ture in the houses be regulated in accordance with the
requirements of the plants and the condition of the
weather. Houses in which the plants are swelling
off their fruit can be shut up earlier in the afternoon
now, say at from 3 to half-past 3 o'clock, now that
the days are getting shorter. Damping must be done
very sparingly in pits and frames where no hot-water
pipes are at command. H. IF, Ward.
CucUMiJERS. — Now and again, at the end of the
current month, will be a good time to make a sowing
of Rollisson's Telegraph, which, when obtained true,
is one of the very best varieties for winter work,
producing, as it does, nice handsomely shaped and
moderately sized fruit. The plant is also constitu-
tionally good and prolific. Sow the seeds singly in
large 60-pots in light mould, and plunge in a frame
in which there is a little bottom-heat, and shift them
as they require more room at the roots until they
are planted out or finally shifted into their fruiting
pots or boxes, as the case may be, for which purpose
an admixture of three parts of light loam and one
part of peat, and charcoal sufticient in quantity to
keep the whole porous, will be best. In a mixture
of this description I have always found winter Cucum-
bers grow satisfactorily— more so, in my opinion,
than when animal or other manure has been incor-
porated with the above ingredients. Moreover,
stimulants can always be applied in a liquid state
as the plants require it. Put small sticks to the
plants when sufficiently grown to require supports
to prevent their being broken through vibration or
other causes. Syringe the plants twice a day if
hot-water pipes are at command, and shut up
at from 3 to half-past 3 in the afternoon. The time,
however, of putting on and taking ofi' air must' be
regulated in accordance with circumstances existing
in each particular garden and house, such as the
aspect and construction of the house, inasmuch as
one may consist of a minimum of glass and a maxi-
mum of wood, and viee vers.!. These, however,
are circumstances with which gardeners are fully ac-
quainted, and hence, as I have already hinted, there
should be no hard-and-fast line drawn for the giving
and taking off of air. The usual thinning, stopping,
and tying of the shoots and removing of superfluous
fruits will, as a matter of course, be duly attended to.
//, IK Hard.
144
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
f Flower Shows in Sefton
Westwood Park,
( Continuation of Flower
Monday. Auk- 6-< l^^\ Liverpool; and
° 1 Southampton.
(. Alhcrsione Horticultural Society's Show,
Wednesday. Aug. 8 \ ^^'f °f Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
\ Rooms.
THURSDAY, Aug. 5 4 Sile ol Es.ablishcd Orchids, at Stevens'
" I Rooms,
f Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
ITDin.v A..™ ,„ ) ^^or^is' Rooms.
tRIDAY, Aug. 10.; Annual Meeting of Royal Botanic Society,
t at 1 P..M.
MOST readers of this journal will be
acquainted, at least by hearsay, with
the very elaborate practical experiments carried
on at Rothamsted for nearly fifty years in suc-
cession under the auspices of Sir John Lawes.
Those experiments have been instituted for the
purpose of obtaining definite answers on certain
points of the chemistry and physiology of
animals and of plants and only indirectly for
practical purposes. The needs of the scientific
agriculturist have more especially been borne in
mind, and in so doing ultimate benefit to the
practitioner has been better assured than by
catering for him alone in the first instance.
Naturally, many of the results obtained are at
once valuable to the gardener and to the farmer.
We propose at this time to speak only of one
set of experiments, one which has been in pro-
gress for more than a quarter of a century, and
of which, as indeed of all others, careful record
has been taken and materials affording con-
firmatory evidence preserved in the labora-
tory at Harpenden. The experiments to
which we now more especially allude,
are those relating to Grass Land. The
last part of the Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society forms in itself a volume,
and is devoted solely to statistical and botanical
details relating to these experiments.* The
mass of detail collected is so enormous and so
bewildering that without some sort of clue the
ordinary reader would be inclined to close the
volume without examination, and only the most
intrepid seeker after knowledge would be
induced to proceed. We may, therefore, be
doing good service by calling attention to the
general scope of the paper, and to some of the
principal points in which the cultivator may be
presumed to be specially interested.
The special object of the memoir is to record
the amount, quality, botanical and chemical
composition of the produce of a certain area of
meadow land over a continuous series of
years and under various conditions of manuring.
Part of that area has been left unmanured
throughout the whole experiment ; other
parts have been continuously treated with
various manurial combinations. In some
cases the manure applied has been abruptly
changed during the course of the experiment,
in others a particular ingredient whose effect it
was desired to ascertain has been discontinued
either for a time or permanently. The subject,
therefore, had to be considered with reference
to the physical and chemical nature of the soil
and of the manures added to it, the climatal
conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature, &c.;
the nature of the constituents of the herbage,
i.e., the plants, their mode of growth, and their
chemicalcomposition. All these points, andothers
which in this cursory review it is not necessary to
mention, had to be considered separately, and
then in relation one to the other. The earlier
portion of the volume before us is taken up with
a short account of the methods of e.xperiment-
ing, observing, and recording adopted — matters
we can only refer to in passing as illustrating
the laborious care which has been taken
throughout.
As far as regards climatal influences, apart
from the action of manures, it is shown that
* A£ric7tliural, Botanical, arid Cfiemical Results of Expe-
riments Oil tJie ^lixed Herbage of Pcrmatunt Meadow, S'c.
Part II. The botanical results by Sir J. B. Lawes, F.R.S.,
J. H. Gilbert, F.R.S., and M. T. Masters. F.R.S. Pp. 232,
with eighty-two tables and two appendi.\ tables.
large crops may be produced in different
seasons by very different climatal conditions,
and the same holds good with small crops.
A given amount of produce grown in different
seasons, under identical conditions as to
manure, may thus be very different in its com-
position. The plants may vary not only as to
their development and lu.xuriance, but also as
to their kind ; thus, certain grasses will pre-
dominate in one season, certain other grasses
in another, and so on. This relation of climate
to vegetation, and its influence upon the com-
petition between the several plants growing in
association, has been especially worked out
in detail in the four "separation years" — years,
that is, in which a thoroughly exhaustive
botanical analysis was made of the nature and
amount of the produce on each plot.
The total number of species observed on the
plots amounts to eighty-nine, but only about
half this number are of general occurrence, and
many occur in such insignificant proportions
that their presence may, for practical purposes,
be disregarded. The largest number of species
on any given plot at any given examination
has been fifty-two, and this on the plot without
any manure at all. On the other hand, the
smallest number of species or different kinds of
plants observed at any one time, has been fif-
teen, on the plots most highly manured with
ammonia salts, potash and mineral manure — a
difference of thirty-seven species between the
two extremes. It is significant, too, that the
highest number of species on the unmanured
plot, and the lowest number on the highly
manured plot occurred in the same season, viz.,
that of 1877.
But the absolute number of species, and the
range in variation, according to the nature of
the manure, great as the latter is, are by no
means of so much importance as is the propor-
tion which certain groups of plants bear to
other groups — the grasses to the Leguminoss,
for instance, or even certain grasses to other
grasses, certain Leguminosce to others of the
same group, and so on. For instance, the pro-
portionate amount which each of the fifty
species contributes to the total herbage of the
unmanured plots is more even and regular than
in the case of the fifteen species on the highly
manured plot. In the latter case, out of the
fifteen species only two or three form the bulk
of the herbage, and the others are all but entirely
crowded out. Thus, to use round numbers
only, as sufficient for our illustration, on one
of the most highly manured plots (ii"), in the
year 18,77, S500 lb. per acre of hay were yielded.
Of this amount over 8300 lb. were furnished
by the grasses ; absolutely none at all by the
LeguminosEe ; and only 130 lb. by the miscel-
laneous meadow weeds. Practically everything
but grass of some sort was banished by this
particular manurial application. And this is
no solitary case. The same thing has occurred,
with only slight variation, throughout the whole
experiment. The illustration we have given
shows how, by the agency of a particular manure,
all the varied constituents of a meadow, except
the grasses, may be practically banished, and
the Leguminosas absolutely so.
If we investigate the matter more closely
we shall find that of these grasses it is only
certain ones which contribute materially to this
result ; some of them are as nearly exterminated
as are the Clovers and Trefoil. Thus on the
same plot, and in the same season to which we
have just referred, the grasses, as a whole, con-
tributed, as we have said, over S300 lb. per acre
to the total yield. The total number of con-
tributing grasses was eleven, two of which
yielded over 1700 lb. each, and three others
more than 1000 lb. each per acre, so that those
five species contributed considerably more than
half of the whole amount, while the rest did not
contribute more than a pound or two, and some
yielded no appreciable weight. Let this be
compared with what took place on the un-
manured plot in 1862. Then there were eighteen
grasses, which collectively yielded over 2 100 lb.,
ten of these grasses furnishing amounts varying
from 50 lb. to 400 lb., the remainder smaller
quantities. On the same plot, in the same
season, Leguminosse furnished 247 lb. per acre,
and the miscellaneous weeds 649 lb.
Phalaris arundinacea. — Our correspond-
ent, " Diss," asks whether the ordinary green-leaved
Phalaris (Digraphis) arundinacea, which, according
to the London Catalogue, occurs in ninety-eight out
of the 112 counties and vice-counties into which
Britain has been divided by Watson, is found sport-
ing into the striped variety. We give what informa-
tion we are able on the subject in this place, because
it will be seen by a greater number of our readers,
some of whom may perhaps be in a position to sup-
plement it. The variegated grass alluded to by
*' Diss " is the one common in gardens, and generally
called Ribbon Grass, though it has various other local
and book namer, among them Painted Lady Grass,
Gardeners' Garters, Ladies' Garters, Ladie Lace
Grasse, &c. We find no earlier record than Gerard's,
mentioned by "Diss." In the first edition
of Gerard's Herball (1597) it is recorded
that this grass, or at least what has been
taken for the same grass by Bauhin, Linneus,
and other subsequent writers, "groweth naturally
in the hilly and woody places of Savoy, and is kept
and maintained in our English gardens, rather for
pleasure than for virtue as yet known," We have
referred to a large number of works, but we have
found no single definite record of the variegated
variety occurring in a wild state ; and we have looked
through the long series of dried specimens in Kew
herbarium with a like result. It is true there is a speci-
men from the herbarium of Dawson Turner, col-
lected in Yorkshire by Mr. Dalton ; yet it does not
follow that it was wild. Indeed it is more likely that
it was taken from a garden, for at that period (1807)
a specimen of a plant was the first consideration — its
origin of little importance. There is no doubt that
the variegated varieties — for there are several — are of
the same species as the wild Phalaris arundinacea, as
the difference between the two is merely the variega-
tion. The ordinary green-leaved variety is very widely
dispersed in the temperate and subtropical zones of the
northern hemisphere, and the same, or a very closely
allied species, occurs in South Africa. *' Diss " also
asks whether the variegated grass has been increased
by importations from Savoy, or by propagation from
varieties sported by native plants in Britain. Con-
sidering the persistent nature of the plant, and its
great vegetative vitality, we should not be surprised
if all the cultivated plants of each variety have
descended from one stock. On the other hand, it is
quite possible that variegated varieties are not very
uncommon in certain localities, where the conditions
are favourable to such sports. Among the prominent
authors who mention it are Schkuhr, Koch, and
Nyman. The first says " There is also a variety
having white, green and yellow striped leaves, with
several German names (which he cites), but it is
oftener seen in gardens than wild." Koch merely
enumerates a variegated variety without giving any
locality; and Nyman (Conspectus, p. 791) has "var.
foliis albo-lineatis, in statu spontaneo rara, in hortis
ornamenti gratia colitur." We have only to add that
we have seen the variegated variety in a half wild
state as an outcast of the remains of former cultiva-
tion,
A very Curious Case of Disease in a
Raspberry is reported from the North. " It was
planted among others which bore well ; it came up
with other seedlings three years ago, and having
peculiar foliage was preserved, but has never yet pro-
duced any fruit, although it flowered like the rest at
the same time." The leaves of the specimen which
has been forwarded to us are either entirely dis-
coloured on the upper surface, or have large, broad,
deep brown patches on them, and paler spots appear
on the stems. On examination with the microscope
myriads of elliptic, or slightly club-shaped spores,
like those of Glaeosporium perexiguum, Saccardo,
though very different in other respects, and still more
from G. Rubi, Saccardo, which seems a very
doubtful species. The species may be characterised
as below.* M. J. B.
* G. tjiaculasiait, epiphyllum : foHis brunneo-maculatis ; sports
miuutis, tllipticts vel subclavatis hyalinis.
<
August 4, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
H5
Hardy Flowers at the Chisvvick Gar-
dens.— One of the most useful among these is Gera-
nium pratense flore-pleno ; it is a good grower, very
free of bloom, bearing fully double flowers of a bright
blue-purple colour. There is a double white form,
which is equally valuable. Lychnis chalcedonica
flore-pleno and its white form are both excellent sub-
jects for the hardy border. Lysimachia clethroides,
with its manifold spikes of white flowers, is an attrac-
tive subject and very pleasing. Stachys coccinea, a
very free species, with numerous spikes of pale brick-
red flowers, is is a plant deserving of being much
more generally cultivated. Campanula celtidifoliura,
a somewhat tall and stately species, is an object of
great beauty on the rockwork, bearing very fine spikes
of pale blue flowers on stems rising to the height of
3 feet. At the foot of this are some clumps of Cam-
panula turbinata and its varieties that are most eff'ec-
tive. These represent a group of dwarf free blooming
latest novelty in the same direction is a white double
variety, flowers of which were shown to us last week
by Messrs. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden.
Actinomykosis, we learn from Coulter's
Gazette^ is the name of a new disease in man and
some animals, caused by a fungus of the genus Actino-
myce, which forms tumours near the angle of the jaw,
and proves fatal when it becomes generalised. It was
the subject of some remarks by Dr. Thomas Taylor
and Dr. E. Salmon at the meeting of the Biological
Society of Washington in June last.
Cultivation of the Sugar-cane in
Auckland, New Zealand. — From experiments
that have been made by Mr. Justice Gillies the fol-
lowing results were obtamed : — From 12 to 18 tons of
topped and stripped cane per acre can be produced on
average soils with ordinary culture. Fifty per cent, of
by the phyllody of the carpels, and, to a less extent,
of the ovules also, — that is to say, the carpels have
most of the characteristics of ordinary leaves instead
of their normal character. The reversion is not com-
plete, but the outermost carpels especially are quite
like small leaves folded together. They are very
much enlarged, green, veined, three-lobed, quite open
to the base on the side next to the axis of the flower,
and borne on a short stalk. Each lobe ends in a
rather hard point, that may become harsh and prickly
in time. Gerard describes his variety in the follow-
ing words :— " There is also kept in our gardens
(onely for variety) another Strawberry, which in leaves
and growing is like the common kinde, but the floure
is greenish, and the fruit is harsh, rough, and prickely,
beeing of a greenish colour with some shew of red-
nesse. Mr. John Tradescant hath told me that
he was the first that took notice of this Strawberry,
and that in a woman's garden at Plimoth, whose
Campanulas of considerable beauty and variety, all
very free flowering and invaluable for the decoration
of rockwork, and they make excellent pot plants also.
"The Moselle from the Battlefields
to the Rhine," is the title of a handbook by Mr.
Percy Lindley to a new tour arranged by the
Great Eastern Railway company, for the benefit of
Continental tourists. It forms the third of a series of
illustrated guides to some of the less frequented
districts of the Continent ; is well written, and re-
markably cheap at one penny. Holidays in Holland,
A Trip to the Ardennes, are the titles of the other
two, and all are published at 125, Fleet Street.
AcROCLiNiDM ROSEUM. — Last season a
valuable novelty in the form of a good double variety
of this favourite everlasting was introduced by a Con-
tinental firm, and we were glad to see by specimens
in Messrs. James Carter & Co.'s seed farm at St.
Osyth that it maintains its fine double character. The
the weight of stripped cane can be expressed, and the
juice averages over 11 lb. per gallon weight. To pro-
duce a crystallisable syrup the juice must be evaporated
to one-fifth of its bulk, but the main difficulties are
the evaporation and crystallisation.
An Old Rose.— Covering the back wall of
a large orangery at Ditton Park there is one of the
largest examples of a Banksian Rose possibly in exist-
ence. The stem a little above the collar measures
nearly 18 inches in circumference. Its presence in
its present position can, we understand, be traced
back for nearly eighty years, consequently it must
have been planted here soon after its introduction.
When in bloom it must be an unusual sight.
A Monstrous Alpine Strawberry. —
The Rev. M. J. Berkeley sends us a monstrous
alpine Strawberry, with the suggestion that it is the
"Fragaria vesca fructu hispido " of Gerard, which
it possibly is. This monstrous state is brought about
daughter had gathered and set the roots in her garden
instead of the common Strawberry ; but she, finding
the fruit not to answer her expectaions, intended to
throw it away ; which labor he spared her in taking
it and bestowing among the louers of such varieties,
in whose gardens it is yet preserved. This may be
called in Latine Fragaria fructu hispido — the Prickley
Strawberry."
Corisande's Garden. — We came upon a
veritable garden the other day, just such as the
author of Lothair pictured when he gave to the world
that description of Corisande's floral haunt, which
for the day was its literary sensation. It was a ducal
garden, too, and in a fine old place where there
clustered ancient historical and family associations.
A quiet, secluded, yet noble old place, where the
trees towered up to the skies with all that lofty dignity
which become denizens of a ducal garden ; where the
shrubs are huge masses of greenery, rendering
seclusion even more secluded, and where the lawns
146
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 18S3.
are of the softest verdure, as though too good to
bear the common tread of mortal feet. There, too,
the waters of the river-moat, which shut cut this select
spot from the outer world of common life, slumbered
listlessly, scarce showing a ripple except when some
proud swan disturbed its repose by his dignified mo-
tion. It was here we found Cokisande's garden,
shut in even from so much of life as could thus be
found in this somnolent pleasaunce. It was in by-
gone days a walled-in kitchen garden, but the needs
of modern demands had driven the culture of veget-
ables into wilder spaces, and now the place where
once grew Cabbages and Asparagus had been con-
verted into a flower-garden pure and simple ; the
paths of well-kept gravel, the edgings of Box, and
the beds filled with sweet Gillyflowers and Pink?,
Violets and Heartsease, Valley Lilies and Sweet
Briers, and myriads of old flowers and new ones ;
whilst, curiously consistent, and strangely in keeping',
there grew up here and there the rich-coloured heads
of a veritable Lothair — not the one of Lord Beacons-
field's creation, however, but rather that of some
admiring florist, for it was the beautiful Phlox of that
name. This is a lovely old garden, one unique of its
kind — a real flower-garden, that doubtless sometimes
courts the admiration of a veritable Corisande,
Carnation Mary Morris.— Further expe-
rience of this bright rose self-coloured Carnation
confirms our original estimate of its merits as a border
flower. Its raiser, Mr. H. G. Smyth, has about
1000 plants growing in the beds and borders of his
garden at Lower Sydenham, and a finer sight of its
kind than those plants present now in bloom can
scarcely be imagined. Its fice, vigorous growth is
something to admire in itself, but the freedom with
which it blooms is something much beyond the
average of high-class varieties. The flowers are of
good size, exceedingly neat, sweet-scented, and seem
to be devoid of any tendency to burst the caljx.
The Peach Wall at Ditton Park. —
Whatsoever may be the fortune of outdoor Peach
growers elsewhere— and this year it seems to be fairly
good generally — it is certain that Mr. Lindsay has,
at Ditton Park, Slough, as fine a crop of fruit on all
his trees as the most ardent gardener may desire to
see. We noticed the Peach wall at Ditton two years
since, and then described some of its prominent fea-
tures, and it is gratifying to observe that the trees
show no signs of failure in any respect ; indeed,
though producing in iSSi such a splendid crop, they
even exceeded it in bulk last year, by no means a
good Peach season, and now again are full of fruit.
But, whilst many growers have Peaches in abundance
outdoors this year, it is not everywhere that such a
show of finely covered wall is seen — a show that,
seen the other day for the first time by some capable
judges, elicited the warmest expressions of pleasure
and approval. There is one portion of the wall
covered by four large trees that has not an inch of
bare surface to be seen, and a much larger portion is
broken only in about two places, and then to a very
limited extent. Mr. Lindsay is not so exceedingly
nice in his training notions as to decline to lay a shoot
crosswise if there does not happen to be one at hand
that will lie in correctly. He is for covering the
wall, and it is done splendidly, the growth being of
the very best, and the leafage clean, robust, and
healthj'. Very little covering is ever afforded to the
bloom in the spring, .15 it is found better not to do it
at all than to do it imperfectly, and of elaborate pro-
tective appliances there are none. No doubt the
thorough drainage given to the roots, combined with
abundant waterings in dry weather, is the key to the
most successful results of outdoor Peach culture
adopted at Ditton Park by an aged but very practical
cultivator,
Seedling Pansies.— Some pretty blooms of
seedling border Pansies have been sent us by Miss
Owen, from Ireland, to show how well they can be
grown in other places besides North of the Tweed.
The colours are very rich and varied, and the forms
almost perfect enough to please a florist. Rich shades
of brown, purple, orange, blue, and yellow predomi-
nate, and these shade off into each other in many
instances in a very charming manner. The petals are
of great consistency, round, and broad, so that, as
they overlap each other completely at the edges, an
almost per ectly circular bloom results. A fine com-
bination of purple and orange was remarked in a
bloom which had the three lower petals of a dark
purple, margined with yellow in a very regular way,
the upper petal being also yellow, and the eye
orange in colour. Purple, blue, and white selfs, of
good forms, are noticeable as sorts which should be
very effective for summer bedding in the flower
garden. It is a pity the Pansy does not meet with
more favour as a pot plant for windows, plant-cases,
and greenhouses in spring and early summer. These
seedling forms, easily raised and quickly grown,
deserve greater recognition from the craft generally.
East Lothian Stocks.— From Mr. Rust,
of Eridge Castle, we have received some examples of
Messrs. Thomas Methven & Son's strain of East
Lothian Stock, the finest by far that have come under
our notice. The colours are good — rose-pink,
purple, crimson and white, the plants dwarf and
bushy, and carrying as many as two dozen branch-
ing spikes of perfectly double flowers. Mr. Rust
writes : — *' We have a border of these Stocks 120 feet
long and iS feet wide. The fragrance and beauty of
the plants are beyond description. I sow the seeds in
October in boxes, keep them on a greenhouse shelf
till March, when they are pricked out in frames, and
finally planted out in the open border in the middle
of April. They will furnish us with cut flowers till
October or November, and thus repay us right well
for the trouble taken with them,"
Papaverumerosum.— This extremely showy
form of the Poppy has been, and still is, very gay at
Chiswick. There it has flowered grandly, its rich
blood-crimson flowers with black basal blotches being
so conspicuous and so admirable as to place it high
up among the choicer hardy annuals. But we have
heard complaints of inability to raise the seeds. This,
we believe, arises to a great extent from covering the
seeds with soil when sown. It is most successfully
raised at Chiswick by simply sprinkling the seeds on
the surface of the soil. They soon fully germinate.
The flowers are generally regarded as somewhat
fragile, but we have found them last a few days in
water when cut young.
Tuberous Begonias on Rockwork.— The
value of these free blooming plants can be seen at
Chiswick at the present moment. A number of
plants put out in little groups are flowering with
remarkable freedom, and consequently are very showy.
The tuberous Begonia is a most accommodating plant,
and it can be used effectively in many ways. It bids
fair to become speedily as common in flower gardens
as the scarlet Pelargonium, and there is no reason
why it should not be so.
Border Carnations.— From Mr. Ware,
Tottenham, we have received a fine lot of named
border Carnations and Picotees— capital things for the
purpose, some of them being deliciously scented, viz..
Sambo, a crimson Carnation ; Gloire de Nancy, a
white ditto ; and John AUum, a crimson bizarre.
The Picotees Redbraes, with a purple edge, and the
purple-edged Triumphans and Precision were very
pretty examples. All are deserving of a place in the
gardens of the richest or in the cottager's border. It
is a pleasure to note how the plants have advanced in
public estimation of late. They will be universally
grown in a few years, in place of being found here
and there in the gardens of collectors of horticultural
rarities. The Italians and Tyrolese, who are great
admirers of the Carnation, and which stands as high
with them as the Rose does here with us, seldom tie
up their blooms, but let them hang down from great
jars on their balconies, quite negligee. The flowers
are found to last fresh on the plant for a longer period
than when they are compelled to stare in the eye of
day, as with us, and the effect is quite as pretty, and
it is quite natural to the growth of the plant.
Clematis viorna coccinea.— The singular
looking flowers of this plant, although small compared
with those of many iine species and garden hybrids
now under cultivation, are ornamental and interesting
enough to merit a place in a conservatory or cool
house collection. Given a light airy place near the
glass where the foliage will attain firmness and sub-
stance, the flowers will keep in excellent condition for
a long time. Under such treatment the plant will
flower satisfactorily in a small state. "In the typical
plant the sepals are purple, while in the present variety
they are more or less of a deep scarlet externally.
Cohering as they do in a pitcher-shaped tube, the
interior never becomes exposed and prominent as in
most species ; and the thick spongy sepals constitute
the secret of their endurance. C. Pitcheri, with purple
flowers of the some type, is a hardy and quite distinct
species, although the present one often goes under that
name in gardens.
Sandersonia aurantiaca, — Throughout
the vast order to which this monotypic genus belongs,
few are more distinct or characteristic at a glance.
The slender leafy stems are wiry in their texture, and
almost support themselves without staking. The
rich golden or orange flowers droop gracefully on
slender pedicels, from the axils of the upper leaves,
and owing to their shape and direction remind one
somewhat of Urceolina pendula, an old bulbous plant
now deservedly receiving more attention. The
perianth moreover is smaller and shorter than in the
latter plant, and besides the narrow six-lobed mouth
is otherwise notably distinguished by six short spurs
or nectaries at the base. Its cultivation is easy and
being a native of Natal readily accommodates itself to
greenhouse treatment, such as that afforded in the
Cape-house at Kew, where it is now flowering.
Plants by Post.— The Evening Star of
Dunedin, New Zealand, fur May }f>, announced the
arrival in that town of a packet of living Pelargo-
niums, sent from this country by Messrs. H. Can-
NELL & Sons, of Swanley, to the order of a local
florist. The plants " arrived ;n first-class condition "
■ — a fact, says the paper before us, which should
encourage other floriculturists in the colony to send
home for new and rare plants.
Sandal Wood in China. — According to
the Imperial Maritime Customs Reports of China,
the importation of Sandal-wood into Ningpo during
iSSt amounted to 1066 piculs, which w:^s more than
double that of the preceding year. " This article,"
it is stated, "was in much demand, owing to un-
usually extensive repairs in the temples during last
year, which period was considered an especially pro-
pitious one for building operations. Much Sandal-wood
was also required and consumed in joss-sticks, for the
worship of the freshly gilded idols. Nevertheless,
owing to its higher value, the demand for Sandabwood
is not so large as it was formerly.
• Sphenogyne speciosa, a beautiful, free-
flowering, dwarf-growing Cape Composite, is an
annual deserving of general cuUivaticn. It grows
about 6 inches high, isof compact branching habit, and
bears a profusion of bright clear yellow flower-heads
more than an inch in diameter. The base of each ray-
floret is glossy black, and so a continuous metallic-like
lustrous ring is formed round the small disc. Nearly
half a hundred species of the genus Sphenogyne are
described in Harvey and Sonder's Flora Capensis^
probably very few of which are in cultivation at the
present time. In the Genera Plautariim^ however,
Sphenogyne is not kept up as a genus, but is referred
to Ursinia. By successive sowings, the subject of the
present note can be kept in splendid flower through-
out the summer and autumn months.
Gilia aggregata.— Why this pretty Phlox-
wort is not oftener seen in gardens it would be diffi-
cult to determine, unless that it ripens seed less freely
than most of the other species. It comes under the
sectional name Ipomopsis, and is characterised by its
great length of tube to the corolla. Besides this
several other names have been given to it by different
authors, such as G. pulchella and Cantua aggregata,
while there is a figure of the plant in the Bo/aiiieal
Fcgisler^ 12S1, The elegant scarlet flowers are
aggregated in a close raceme towards the top of the
stem, and like those of its congener, G. coronopifolia,
assume a pendent or drooping direction. Both are
neat and select annuals, with plnnatifid leaves and
linear segments, well worth a little attention, if
needful, in the first place to start them into growth
before planting out. G. aggregata is to be seen on
the new rockery at Kew.
Sambucus RACEmosa.— When in fruit this
species of Elder forms a striking and handsome object,
and merits the praise bestowed upon it by Captain
S. E. Cook, who likened the panicles of fruit to
miniature bunches of Grapes of the most brilliant
scarlet ; when in perfection, he stated that it was the
most beautiful wild fruit he had ever seen. It is
widely distributed in a wild state over the continent
August 4, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
147
of Europe, and allhough cultivated nearly three
centuries ago in British gardens it is far from being
common in our shrubberies. A good sized specimen
(about 12 feet high), laden with fiuit, is just now a
very attractive object in the Kew Arboretum.
CLERODENDKON MACROSIl'irON. — This
elegant stove plant is now flowering in the P.ilm-house
at Kew. It forms a bush of neat habit, has rather
narrow, irregularly toothed, stalked leaves, and heads
of long slender-tubed flowers, the corollas of which
are green in bud, but snowy white when fully
expanded. It is one of the many discoveries of Sir
John KirI';, who found it in very rocky places on the
coast opposite Zanzibar Island, and forwarded plants
to Kew two years ago. A characteristic figure is
given in the Botanical iMas^aziiic, t. 6695.
Plumeria rubra. — In the Palm-house at
Kew this handsome Apocynaceous plant is now in
flower. The species belonging to this genus do not
require much space, as they branch but sparingly,
but are well worth growing both for the beauty of the
llowers and for their delicious perfume. P. rubia is
called the Red Jasmine in the West Indies, also Jas-
mine Mango and Frangipani. The "North" Gal-
lery at Kew contauis two pictures of Plumeria ; one
(iS-i) l)eing a representation of P, rubra, and the
other (322) of P. aculifolia, like P. rubra, a tree of
American origin, commonly planted in Indian gar-
dens, and particularly in cemeteries, because it keeps
the graves white with its daily fall of fragrant flowers.
The branches are very stout, and e.\ude a milky juice
when wounded.
New PicicLES.— Under the title of houvcllc
Conipoiilioii lie Pickles M. Paillieux recently com-
municated a paper to the Sociele Nationale d'Accli-
matation de France. The paper has been published
in the Bulletin of the Society, and from it we cull the
following notes :— M. Paillieux gives the first rank
as a pickle to his Oignon Catawissa (.\llium fistulo-
sum, var.), which he says produces abundance of
bulbils, and should be planted in autumn. It is well
known that the fruits of Cucumis anguria are used in
West Indian pickles, and they are very strongly
recommended by the author of the paper in question.
This species grows wild in the Antilles, as well as
in New Grenada, Brazil, and other parts of South
America. It is also cultivated in gardens, the seeds
being usually sown in March, and at the expiration of
five months the fruits are ready for gathering. They
aie produced in very large numbers providing the
season is not too wet. It is suggested that the plant
might become a remunerative one (or cullivation in
the South of France. The young cooked fiuits are
tender, and very agreeable in flavour. They may be
prepared in various ways, after being cut down the
middle and the seeds taken out, when they can be
cooked with Tomatos, ham, crabs, or cod. Placed
whole in vinegar, with Elder flowers and Capsicums,
they form a good pickle. They should be gathered
before they are quite ripe. In Japan the roots of the
Miogo (Amomum miogo, Thb.) are eaten in salads
after being put in boiling water. The plant is not
only found in its wild state, but is also cultivated. It
is of very rapid growth, and the young shoots are cut
in spring, in a similar way to Asparagus. The other
plants recommended for pickles are Tropa;olum
tuberosum and Stachys Sieboldi. The tubers of the
former are prepared in their native country by ex-
posing them in canvas sacks until they are half-dried,
or by partly freezing them ; they are also eaten after
being steeped in treacle ; and steeped in vinegar they
are said to form an excellent pickle — better, indeed,
than the ordinary Gherkin. All the plants are recom-
mended for cultivation in France.
Mahogany in Honduras. — A recent report
from Honduras says that the cutting and shipping
of mahogany is entirely carried on by British
capital. Last year a little over 2500 tons were
shipped in British and Norwegian vessels, all direct to
London. There was an unprecedenttdly long spell
of dry weather, which was favourable for the trucking
operations of the wood, and it was expected that the
exports this year would greatly exceed those of last.
Green fruit and Cocoa-nuts suff"ered very much
from the dry weatlier. Cocoa-nuts have been in
great demand in the New York and Philadelphia
markets, and prices ruled higher throughout the year
than has ever been known before, 37 dols. per thou-
sand being freely given. They were also scarce,
caused principally by a grub having attacked the
trees, and in many instances causing their death. It
is to be regretted that no remedy has as yet been
found to eradicate the evil.
THEitoi'OGON PALLIDUS, now flowering in
one of the cool compartments of the T-^^K^ "'
Kew, is a Himalayan plant deserving of general culti-
vation for cool greenhouse or conservatory decoration.
It has arching grassy foliage, and slightly arching
racemes of ;purplish-tinted Lily-of-lhe- Valley-like
flowers. It is common from Kumaon, at an altitude
of 6000 feet, to Nepal and Sikkim, in which latter
country it is found at an elevation of 10,000 feet ; it is
found also on the Khasia Hills towards the summit,
about 5000—6000 feet above the sea-level. Mossy
rocks, bases of old trees, &c., where the roots run
rather superficially in the loose soil, are the places it
affects in a wild state ; under cultivation it flowers
well and grows freely in rather light well drained
loam and leaf mould.
Pachira MACROCARi'A. — A large specimen
of this species has recently flowered in the Palm-
house at Kew. The flowers are truly magnificent
both in size and colour. They measure a foot or
more in diameter ; the strap-shaped petals are white
and smooth within, and pale greyish or greenish-
brown and slightly velvety on the outside, the upper
portion of the very numerous long filaments of the
stamens being a rather deep red, and the lower an
orange-yellow colour. The leaves are digitate, some-
what like those of the Horse Chestnut, but a brighter
green and more leathery in texture. Flowers of one
species of the genus Pachira, P. marginata, a Bra-
zilian forest tree, are represented in the " North "
Gallery at Kew, picture No. 102,
KCELLIKERIA ARGYROSTIGMA. — This pretty
Gesnerad has been stigmatised by some as not worth
growing, probably because the flowers are small and
want that rich and showy colouring which is rather
prevalent throughout the genus Achimenes, in which
it was formerly included. It is figured in the
Bolaiiical Magazine, t. 4175, and healthy well-grown
specimens have been in excellent flowering condition
for some considerable time in the stove at Kew. The
elliptic, hairy, crenate leaves are beautifully marked
with bronzy veins, and dotted all over with white
markings, at once suggestive of the specific appella-
tion. These amply cover the soil in which the plants
are grown, and form an admirable setting for the erect
racemes of white and reddish-brown flowers, pencilled
internally with red markings. The svhole plant
averages or does not much exceed a height of 6 inches,
and grown in pots or pans forms a suitable subject for
the front staging of a warm house.
NoTOBASIS SYRIACA, the Syrian Thistle, is a
plant by no means common in cullivation, although
distinct and handsome enough to merit a place in any
herbaceous collection. It is a striking plant, about
4 feet in height, with spiny white-veined leaves, not
unlike those of the common "Milk Thistle," and
sessile purple flower-heads, protected by rigid, spiny
pointed, pinnalifid purple-veined bracts. At the pre-
sent time it is one of the most conspicuous subjects in
the herbaceous department at Kew.
Growth of the Coric Oak in New
Zealand.— In a paper read before the Auckland
Institute Mr. Justice GiLLIES gives the following par-
'ticulars :— In the year 1S55 the late Dr. Sinclair
planted close to his house, near Symonds Street, a
young Cork Oak, received from Kew. It is now
about 40 feet in height, 14 feet from the ground to
the first branch, with a spread of top of about 40 feet
in diameter. The trunk at 3 feet from the ground is
5 feet 9 inches in circumference after stripping. For
several years past it has produced acorns, from which
the present occupant of the grounds, Mr. John
Hay, has raised a number of young Oaks, and dis-
tributed them liberally throughout New Zealand. In
1S77 I stripped the tree for the first time, and got a
large quantity of virgin cork, which I did not weigh,
the first stripping being of little or no commercial
value. In February last I again stripped it, and afier
drying the bark found the product to be 70 lb. weight
of good marketable cork fit for pint corks, as I am
informed by Mr. Dutton, the cork-cutter, who was
present at the stripping, and states it to be worth at
least (5of. per hundredweight. It will thus be seen
that the trees must be twenty-live to twenty-seven
years old before producing any return, and then
every five years may produce 70 lb. to 100 lb. weight
of marketal)le cork. The produce improves in quality
each stripping. On comparing the New Zealand
product with imported bark it is evident that the
annual growth of the batU in Auckland is equal to
that of the imported.
A Cricket Match between the married and
single employes of Mrs. Weatiierill, of Finchley,
which resulted in the success of the unmarried team,
was played in the grounds of J. SiiENTON, Esq., of
Finchley, on Saturday last. By the kindness of Mrs.
Weather I LI., a good luncheon was provided before
play commenced, and a substantial tea followed the
event of the day, and it goes without saying that full
justice was done to both.
The Origin of Amiier.— Some very interest-
ing researches have recently been made on the flora of
theamber-bearingformalionsof East Prussia by Messrs.
Goeppert and Menge. In ancient times there must
have been in this part of Europe a group of Conifers
comprising specimens from almost all parts of the
world. Among the splendid specimens of the Cali-
fornian Conifer:e were the Red Wood, the Sugar
Pine, and the Douglas Spruce ; and of the examples
of the Eastern States were the Bald Cypress, Red
Cedar, Thuia, and the Pinus rigida ; from the eastern
coasts of Asia were the Chilian Incense Cedar, the
Parasol Fir, the Arbor-vitte, the Glyptostrobus, and
the Thuiopsis ; the Scotch Fir, the Spruce, and
the Cypress of Europe ; and the Callitris of Southern
Africa. It appears that the deposits of amber for
which the Baltic is noted are the product of genera-
tions of these resin-bearing trees. The richest de-
posits are situate along a strip of coast between Memel
and Dantsic, though the real home of amber has been
supposed to lie in the bed of the Baltic between
Bornholm and the mainland. It rests upon creta-
ceous rocks, and consists chiefly of their debris, form-
ing a popular mixture known as blue earth, which
appears to exist throughout the province of Sam-
land at a depth of 80 to 100 feet, and to contain an
almost inexhaustible supply of amber. Immense
quantities of amber are washed out to sea from the
coast, or brought down by rivulets and cast up again
during storms or in certain winds. The actual yield
by quarrying is 200,000 lb. to 300,000 lb. a-year, or
five times the quantity estimated to be cast up by the
waves on the strip of coast above mentioned. Times.
The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending July 30, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London : — The weather has been cloudy and
unsettled generally, with occasional rain and local
thunderstorms. The temperature has again been
below the mean in all districts, the deficit ranging
from 2° in " Scotland, W.," to 5° in " England, E.,"
the Midland Counties, and " Ireland, N." The
highest maxima, which were registered either on the
2Sth or 29th, ranged from 75° in " England, S.," to
66° in "Scotland, E." The lowest readings were
recorded on the 29th, and varied between 37° in
"Ireland, N.," and 45° in " England, S. and S.W."
The rainfall has been less than the mean in all districts
excepting "Scotland, E." The driest weather has
been experienced in the west of Scotland and north-
west of England. Bright sunshine has been rather
mote prevalent than it was last week, the percentages
of possible duration ranging from 52 in "England,
S.W.," to 23 in "Scotland, E." Depressions ob-
served : — During the greater part of the week pressure
has been highest off our west and south-west coasts,
and lowest over Scandinavia or the Baltic, and
the prevailing winds have therefore been north-
westerly or northerly. On the 29th and 3olh, how-
ever, a shallow depression passed slowly across Ireland
and England from the northward, the wind during its
passage showing a cyclonic circulation. In force the
wind has been light or moderate, except on the 27th,
when a moderate northerly gale blew on the east coast
of England,
Gardening Appointments.— Mr. H. Al-
derman, late Foreman at the Gardens, Eastwell
Park, Ashford, Kent, as Gardener to G. Hatfield,
Esq., Morden Hall, i\Iorden, Surrey.— Mr. Geo.
Dickson, lately Gardener at Farnborough Park,
Hants, as Gardener to HENRY Lamson, Esq.— Mr.
G. H. Copp, late Foreman to Mr. Pullman, Framp-
ton Court, to the Management of the Gardens and
Grounds at Holnest Park, Sherborne, Dorset, the seat
of J. S. W. S. Erle Dra.^, Esq.
148
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1883,
JiojVIE -f ORREgPOjMDEJNCE.
The Ornamental Water in St. James' Park.
— During a recent stay in London I had frequent oc-
casion to cross the ornamental water in St. James'
Park, and felt much surprise at the want of taste
shown in the arrangement of its banks. These are
lined from end to end with large flints placed in lines
with great regularity; the effect of course is scarcelybetter
than that which would have been produced by rows of
bricks. There are many beautiful plants which grow
on the margin of water, such as the Osmunda regalis,
the yellow Iris, the purple Loosestrife, Bulirushes,
Sedges, &c. ; tufts of these separated by masses of
rock, might fringe the sides with the most beautiful
effect if any taste were employed in the arrangement.
The water is so shaped as to appear natural, but
what can be less natural than a uniform bank of
flint stones? The park professes to be something
between a park and a garden, for there are large
borders of shrubs and flowers : why then should that
part, the margin of the water, which of all others is
capable of being made productive of beautiful effects
(for all I am sure will agree with me that nothing in
Nature is more beautiful than combinations of water
and vegetable forms), be treated like the gutter of a
street ? Why, again, should there be no water plants
in the water ? The fact that the bottom is concreted
renders their management a very easy matter, for
they can be grown in large pans, and each species
kept separate and developed in its greatest beauty.
I need not enlarge upon the beauty of these plants ;
the white Water Lily is a proverb for beauty,
■and its rosy variety, if possible, more lovely. The
magnificent Nelumbia (speciosum and luteum) might
probably in hot summers (if we ever again have any)
flower in the open air if kept in the winter in warmth.
Mr. Robinson states that for several years the latter
lived and flowered in the basin of a fountain in Paris
in the open air. The flower of this is nearly a foot
in diameter. N.
The Carnation and Picotee Show. — Permit
me to say that the rose flake Carnation, Robin
Hood, ascribed to me in your report of the National
Carnation and Picotee Show on p. 120, is the produc-
tion of my friend, Mr. Richard Gorton, of The Wood-
lands, Gildabrook, Eccles, Lancashire, who also is
the raiser of Wm. Skirving, C.B., and Tim Bobbin
and Rob Roy, rose flakes — flowers, I venture to say,
which will make Mr. Gorton's name honourably
familiar on the lips of florists for many long years.
E. S. Dodwell, Oxford, July 30.
Grafted Fir Trees. — How long will nurserymen
vex us with grafted Fir trees ? Like Macbeth's witches,
they keep the word of promise to our ear, but break
it to our hope. Having wasted time and money upon
Abies amabilis, A. bracteata, and Larix Kosmpferi,
with no better results than stunted bushes, I think
that it would be far better to leave them alone until
seed can be procured. H. K.
Trade Groups at Flower Shows. — The ques-
tion asked on p. So as to "what kind of honours"
are or should be paid to trade exhibitors opens up a
subject that certainly requires ventilating. It is sur-
prising that the views of nurserymen upon this subject
have apparently not yet been sought for the guidance
of show managers. Undoubtedly flower shows
depend mainly on the not-for-competition groups of
trade growers for their chief attraction, and it is surely
pertinent to inquire how the nurseryman is recom-
pensed ; not in a monetary way, for no share of the ad-
mission-money falls to his lot — in fact, he is generally
a subscriber to the society's funds, and sometimes offers
special prizes for competition. His only opportunity
is to make such a display of his goods as will induce
visitors to become ultimately purchasers ; he adopts
this mode of obtaining bold advertisement, and has to
educate the public taste to a buying point. The
expense of conveying and staging a large group of
plants is a heavy charge on trade, nor are the in-
ducements to exhibit the value of the special prizes
that may be awarded to a successful exhibitor. Now,
let us inquire as to the honours. What do they
consist of? Generally, only a "letter of thanks,"
ignorantly conveyed from the committee of the society ;
sometimes a more or less emblazoned piece of card-
board as a " certificate of merit ; " often a " medal,"
silver, silver-gilt, bronze, or otherwise, is awarded,
but how often even by the Royal Societies of London
is the award properly carried out? Never promptly,
sometimes tardily, and not infrequently the exhi-
bitor informs the secretary he would like the
equivalent of the medal in cash, for if he has
already half-a-dozen, or it may be dozens, of
these precious medals of questionable intrinsic
value, of what use is another to his numismatic collec-
tion ? He cannot exhibit his honours in his office or
shop, because they can be so easily stolen ; to adorn
his person with them would provoke ridicule; to place
them in a drawer or cabinet, and to show them at
times to his friends, is the sole purpose to which he
can devote them. May I not then venture to say the
honour of medals is vainglorious, and the practical
utility nil^ as they have become too common by
frequent and indiscriminate award ? Prize winners
at schools are wisely and encouragingly awarded
books likely to be of service to their minds during
life ; at our athletic gatherings plated cups suggestive
of potations are no longer, as formerly, the sole
articles held out for competition: in more enlightened
days a variety of articles useful for the household and
table are discriminately awarded. Might I suggest,
then, that the money equivalent of the prizes could be
appropriately awarded in the shape of books relating
to the profession, in ornamental or useful articles for
the household — a nice epergne for flowers, for in-
stance, silver or plated goods, which could have the
winner's name and that of the society engraved thereon
afterwards; and above all, is it not desirable that the
prizes, whatever they may be, should be distributed
at the close of the day's show by some person of note,
who would thus add a grace and a charm, now so
sadly wanting, by bestowing honour to whom honour
is due, and when it is due ? Lastly, I would add,
that honour to the trade is as yet only accorded by the
public praise, which finds a voice generously and ably
in the columns of the gardening press : and this is our
only consolation. Spero^
Travelling Impostors.— Allow me to warn your
readers against a set of men who travel the country,
calling upon gardeners and stablemen, to whom they
tell a pitiful story of their misfortunes, which in the
end of course means that they want money. There
is one in particular who has a ** stable cut " about him
who I feel sure systematically carries on this system
of swindling. He called here a few days since, and I
recognised him as the same who called at an estab-
lishment where I lived about three years ago, and his
tale has varied but little since that time. G. Knight,
The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.— As the time has arrived when our gardens are
again in their most attractive condition I venture to
express a hope that gardeners in charge will not for-
get their poorer brethren. Some of your readers may
remember that I asked my employer last year for a
half day, when ^40 was realised for the above Institu-
tion. I feel quite sure that if gardeners would only
ask their employers, very few, if any, would refuse.
The matter rests for the most part with gardeners
themselves, and I do hope they will do their very best
to make this year's collection a success. John Perkins^
Thornham Hall^ Suffolk,
Thrum-eyed Primroses. — It needs considerable
courage to question the dictum of an editor, and yet
I venture to cast considerable doubt upon the dictum
laid down at p. S6, that thrum-eyed Primroses do not
on the average produce so many, or such good seed-
lings, in the long run, as pin-eyed flowers do. I have
grown both coloured Primroses and fancy Poly-
anthuses for years, and am vain enough to think that
I have one of the finest strains, and most varied in
colours, of both these spring flowers, to be found in
the kingdom or elsewhere. How were these strains
obtained ? Solely by selecting for seed only the finest
thrum-eyed flowers. I once saved seed from the large
pin-eyed kind, improperly called Primula altaica, but
the flowers had been fertilised with pollen from
thrum-eyed flowers. That was about twelve years
since, but from that time I have depended solely upon
selection from the best for the improvement of our
strains, and never save from pin-eyed flowers. I have
now, of Primrose seed so saved, a large quantity just
germinating, and may truly say that it is coming up
as thick as hail. Seed saved from any flowers could
not possibly give better results, as far as germinating
quality is concerned. As to productiveness of seed,
that I have found to be in no respect governed by
pins and thrums. From specially marked plants with-
thrum-eyed flowers I have taken a lot of seed-pods ;
from others of similar character very few. The same
features have been found in pin-eyed flowered plants.
There was no rule found in the results on which to
base any theory or fact tending to show that pin-eyed
flowers were more prolific m the production of seed
than thrum-eyed ones. Now, what has been the
result in the reproduction of thrum-eyes ? That is a
fair question to ask, but one difficult to answer, in so
far that I have had no means of testing such result as
against the produce of pin-eyed seed. Relatively I
should say that the product is of thrums and pins
about in equal proportion, so that it is certain the
saving of seed from thrum flowers only will never
lead to the extermination of the pins, much less of the
Primrose family. Exactly the same results came
from Polyanthus seed ; indeed, beyond the not very
distinctive line which separates the garden Polyanthus
from the Primrose there is no discernible difference
between the two sections. I should very much like
to see tested the product of two Polyanthus and
Primrose plants, the one pin-eyed and the other
thrum-eyed, an equal quantity of seed being saved
from each, and to note how far the seed of one plant
germinated better than that of the other, and what
difference — if any — there might be in the habit of the
plants; and finally, which produced the larger portion
of thrum-eyed flowers, and of the best quality. Such
a test, if carefully applied, would soon set at rest all
theoretical speculation, and convert only assumed
facts into absolute certainties. Those who were at
one of the South Kensington shows held in the con-
servatory early in May will remember the exceeding
beauty of that grand lot of seedling alpine Auriculas,
staged by Mr. Turner. They were, without excep-
tion, the finest lot of seedlings ever raised from any
one batch. Mr. John Ball, who is Mr. Turner's
talented grower of these plants, told me that this
batch, with many others, the proportion of thrum-eyed
ones being unusually large, were all the product of
thrum flowers crossed with pollen from thrum flowers,
the anthers in the seed-bearing flowers being first
carefully removed. Mr. Ball is an experienced raiser,
and is but a dubious theorist. He will have nought
of pin-eyed flowers, however ; for all such are florists*
abominations. That they serve a purpose in the
economy of Nature which thrum flowers cannot dis-
charge, is a fondly received theory that practice shows
not to be true. If every pin-eyed flower were to die
to-morrow we should be in no lack of a great future
for Polyanthuses and Primroses. A. D,
Seed of Papaver umbrosum. — Having had
many applications last winter from gardening corre-
spondents for seedlings of Papaver umbrosum because
all their seed had failed, I may state that the Poppies
especially in wet seasons produce seed very capriciously.
On going round I find that many plants of P. umbro-
sum, though covered with healthy looking pods, are
producing no good seed ; all are filled with seed, but
on examination it is shrivelled and barren. Good
seed may be distinguished by its larger size and its
plump look, but especially by its purple colour. The
best way of raising seedlings of this plant, is to
allow the plants to remain where they grow, and if
any good seed ripens it will come up in September
When large enough the seedlings may be transplanted
to their flowering places, where no winter cold will in-
jure them. C. Wolley-Dod, Edge Hall, July 2S.
James Veitch Strawberry. — I can fully endorse
all Mr. Murphy says in favour of this variety. I con-
sider it the Strawberry of the day. When in War-
wickshire we had 2 acres of Strawberries grown for
sale, and amongst all the varieties none was so early
and large as this. I have seen five fruits that would
turn the scale at I lb. — not odd fruits, but as a rule.
It also carries well, all the fruit I sent away having to
travel long distances to most of the large refreshment
departments on the London and North- Western Rail-
way. As a market Strawberry there is nothing that
comes near it. Joseph Murdoch^ The Gardens, Beaure*
paire Park^ Basingstoke.
Cedars in Scotland. — You had lately some re-
ference in your columns to exceptionally well grown
Cedars in England. I have just lighted upon a
memorandum prepared for me in 1S7S of a splen-
did grove of Cedars that exists at Redick, a small
estate in the district of the Aird, in the imme-
diate neighbourhood of Inverness. There are thirty-
three Cedar trees in the garden, and though it is not
definitely known when they were planted, there is
little doubt that they were brought from Persia and
planted by the late J. B. Eraser, of Redick, author of
the ICuzzilbash, the Persian Adventurer, and many
other works, an accomplished Persian scholar and
long resident in Central Asia (1S20-30). Five years
ago several of these Cedars were 6a feet in height.
The largest girthed within a foot of the ground 13 feet
6 inches ; the next largest, 12 feet 9 inches. The girth
of the largest branch was 6 feet I inch. The extent
of ground covered by the largest of these Cedars was
87 feet 10 inches. Cones are produced in abundance,
large and well developed in appearance, but they
refuse to fructify. In the same garden is a Deodar
which in 1S7S was about 36 feet in height and girthed
7 feet 3 inches, and which is supposed to have been
planted about 1S40. Inverness, July 30.
Mulleins. — Verbascum Chaixii, a very fine peren-
nial Mullein, is now in full flower here, growing 7 feet
high, the upper 4 feet being all flower. It is of very
branching habit, corolla clear yellow, filaments thickly
covered with bright purple wool, anthers orange.
This combination of colours makes the flowers very
effective ; and it is one of my handsomest July plants,
the flowering season being long. The description of
the flower, as far as colour goes, suits the native V.
nigrum also ; but the flowers of V. nigrum are much
smaller, the spikes less branched, and the plants about
half the height. The two plants are entirely distinct,
though V. nigrum is often sold for V. Chaixii. There
is no such a plant as V. Chaixii album, or if there is
I am ready to give a sovereign for a plant, but I must
first see the flowers to make sure that it is true. V,
August 4, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
149
nigrum album is a most beautiful plant, the white
of the flowers being very pure and well set
oft' by the purple and orange above described. If not
often divided and transplanted V. nigrum becomes
coarse and leafy. V. phlomoides is a once flowering
kind, growing S feet high, with very large pale
yellow flowers, and a good branching habit ; but
V, olympicum is much better, being as tall and
still more free in flowering. I raised a stock
of them from Mr. W. Thompson's seed in
spring, iSSi. None flowered in 18S2, but many
rotted off. One has flowered this year in a warm
and very well-drained border, making lateral
spikes from top to bottom, and coming into flower all
at once. Two other plants are still alive, and may
flower next year. I have manyother Mulleins, but these
are the best. .Self-sown hybrids come freely, but are
seldom as good as their parents. Those between V.
phlomoides and V. nigrum might be mistaken by
gardeners unused to them for V. Chai.xii, but the
purple wool of the filaments is wanting, and the
flowers are far inferior. V. phccniceum is a good
spring plant for a sunless climate like this, having
flowers of all colours between dark purple and pure
white. It flowers more or less all the summer, and is
a true perennial ; but the flowers are withered at once
by Sim. None of the Mulleins stand sun well, but
they get little enough of it in Cheshire. I have just
measured the average size of the flowers and find
them to be— V. phlomoides, 2 inches across ; V.
olympicum, and V. Chaixii, \li inch; V. nigrum,
I inch. V. Blattaria, both white and yellow, is a
pretty biennial for a dry shrubbery, but in this damp
soil it grows too tall for its strength. C. Wolky Dod,
Edge Hall, Malpas, July 30.
Chrysanthemum segetum. — Although some
persons are growing this in gardens it is almost as
common in fields in this neighbourhood as Poppies,
and on one farm belonging to this estate it is so
abundant that the farmer could supply a load o( blooms
every week if he could only find a market that would
pay him for the picking and sending, as the plants
are overtopping his Barley and other crops, and
making a broad expanse of yellow with the bright
colour of their numerous flowers. That these and
those of other wild plants may be made to dress well
in vases when associated with light feathery grasses
and put up by persons possessing taste for the work
there can be no question, and I have seen them at
Woodbridge Show quite vie with the exotics, which
proves what may be done with them if only the right
things are selected. If Chrysanthemum segetum can
be made to ornament our borders there is no reason
why it should not find a place there as well as Tagetes
pumila. and though it may be considered rubbish by
some it matters not if the rubbish is put in the right
place, and no doubt this Chrysanthemum, weed though
it be, may be made to produce some charming effects
by using it with dark-leaved plants, like the Ricinus
Gibsoni, or associated with blue or purple, like
Verbena venosa. J. S.
Wild Flowers at Horticultural Exhibitions.
— I have read your observations on exhibitions of
wild flowers at horticultural shows with very much
interest, the more so as I did not agree with all you
said. It may be, however, that after all there may be
no difference of opinion between us on further ex-
planation, and knowing your impartiality, I have no
hesitation in placing, with your permission, my
humble opinion, and the grounds for it, before your
readers, albeit that my opinion may be at variance with
your own. I am a member of a not insignificant pro-
vincial horticultural society which ofters ^400 in
prizes, as your advertising columns will show, and in
co-operation with a few other lovers of wild flowers
I have succeeded in inducing the committee to give a
few small prizes for competition for collections of wild
flowers, from which fact you will see the position in
which I stand, being to a certain extent committed
to the practice you condemn. It has been with great
difficulty the judges could be induced in former
shows to give an opinion as to the relative
merits of the collections sent in for competition,
chiefly, I verily believe, because they knew nothing
about wild flowers, or because they thought them be-
neath their notice. This year I proposed three botanists
as judges who also possess a keen perception of artistic
skill in arrangement of form and colour, and I feel
sure a better result will follow. (I hope my gardening
friends will pardon me.) Now, Sir, you ask in one of
your recent articles, after stating your objections,
" This being the case, what possible good can be ex-
pected to accrue from such exhibitions ? " I will en-
deavour to answer this very legitimate inquiry. First
I must give the rule in our schedule, because nearly all
depends on this ; — "Groups of wild flowers, grasses,
and Ferns, arranged in basket or box, not exceeding
18 inches square," and a "Group of wild flowers,
grasses, Ferns, and wild fruit combined, arranged in
basket or box, not exceeding 18 inches square. Any
cultivated specimen introduced will disqualify. Skill
of arrangement to be considered the test of merit."
At our last year's show the table on which the col-
lections were displayed was one of the most crowded
points of interest, and the effect of many of the col-
lections was charming, both as to colour and form.
Some were sent in by the wives and daughters of
working men, and evinced a refinement of taste truly
astonishing. The soft blending of colour produced
by Lychnis, wild Rose, Water Lily, Myosotis ; the
exquisite freedom of form obtained by the trail-
ing Bryony, Convolvulus, and Moneywort ; and
the superb tracery of Fern and grass left nothing to
be desired by the most captious critic, unless unduly
biassed by gardeners' proclivities. Now, Sir, for the
good I expect to accrue from such exhibitions : — 1st.
The cultivation of a taste for floral decoration by
those who possess no other greenhouse than Nature
affords. 2d. The habit of observation of natural pro-
ductions, which Sir John Lubbock so eloquently urged
in the House of Commons last week as a necessary
part of elementary education. 3d. The inevitable re-
finement which necessarily follows a love of flowers
whether produced by costly culture or the free gift of
Nature's hand in the fields and hedges of country
districts. These appear to me not unimportant ad-
vantages gained by exhibitions of this kind, and are
not, I contend, beneath the notice of the most advanced
horticulturist. Regard for your space alone prevents
me enlarging on this theme, but I hope enough has
been said to show there are two sides to this question.
W. P. [We shall return to this subject. Ed.]
The Reliance Rotary Valve. — At the great sum-
mer show at South Kensington, the Thames Bank Iron
Company, Upper Ground Street, S.E., received a
Special Certificate of Merit for their Patent Reliance
Fig. 25. — RELIANCS ROTARY VALVE.
A, ^-way T-valve : b, 3-way H-valve ; c, Section of H-valve.
Rotary Valve, of which we give illustrations fig. 25),
showing its application to H and T pipes. Its great
merit consists in its being so constructed " that one
will answer the same purpose as is now obtained by
three separate valves, the one handle having control
over the three waterways. The patentees claim that
it " is exceedingly simple in construction, and very
carefully fitted. All the moving parts are of the best
gun-metal, and will not set fast or get out of order.
The handle being the indicator, one half-turn either
way opens or closes the valve, and it cannot be strained
or injured by overturning."
Grammanthes gentianoides. — I recommend
this neat little annual, now flowering from Mr.
Thompson's seed, to those who do not already know it.
It should be sown early under glass, and be pricked
off when large enough, each being allowed a diameter
of at least 3 inches. It grows about 2 inches high,
making a dense little bush 4 inches or more across,
crowded with orange-red flowers, the size and shape
of those of Chlora perfoliata. For vacant warm spots
on the rockery, where one plants Leptosiphon
hybridus, lonopsidium acaule, and such-like dwarfs,
it is a valuable addition. C. JVoltey Dod, Edge Hall,
Malpas, July 27.
The Protection of Bush Fruit.— Every one
who has a garden likes to preserve Gooseberries and
Currants to as late a period as possible, and various
are the methods resorted to for keeping birds off, some
using mats, with which they envelope their bushes,
and others nets, but both are objectionable, as the
mats shut out the sun and air ; and nets, when brought
in contact with Gooseberry bushes, cannot fail to get
torn. The best thing I have ever found for the pro-
tection of these hardy fruits is rabbit-wire, which
should be from 3 feet to 4 feet high and about I J inch
mesh, which will keep out any birds, and, with care
in handling and storing away, will last a lifetime ;
and, therefore, although it may appear dear at first is
very cheap in the end. For single trees it is necessary
to have the wire cut in lengths of 9 or 12 feet, accord-
ing to their size, and all that is wanted for its support
is a stout stake, to which the two ends should be
brought .and there tied. Although it is as well to throw
an old piece of net over the opening at the top, it is not
often the birds attempt an entry there, but run round
and round the bottom, peering in till they make quite
a path. The way we manage now is to have most of our
late sorts of Gooseberries together in a separate
plantation from the others, so that we can run a piece
of rabbit wire right round, and strain a fishing net
over the top on poles, or string resting on stakes, by
doing which much less wire is needed, and a man can
go under easily and gather the fruit. Where it is
desired to have Currants late it is a good plan to
grow them on low walls or fences, where they can
have a coping board above them to keep them dry,
as when rain gets at them they quickly rot in the
autumn. The only Gooseberry I find to hang long is
the old Red Warrington, a large rough red sort, which
is not only an excellent cropper, but is also of superior
flavour. For low bushes that have their branches
near the ground it is advisable to mulch under them
with a little short straw or litter, to keep the fruit
from being splashed by the heavy rainfalls in the
autumn, as otherwise the Gooseberries often get
covered with dirt and grit, and rendered unfit for
dessert. J. S.
A General Index to Curtis' " Botanical
Magazine." — Will you kindly allow me, who am
not a botanist, but only a lover of plants, to give some
explanations in reference to the remarks of " II." on
the above publication in your last issue ? The work
does not profess to be more than an index, and
indexes generally are limited to the contents of the
books to which they refer. It would have been
more than an index, and more valuable, if it had
contained synonyms other than those in the text ; as
I was aware of this, application for assistance was
made to the botanists who were supposed to be
specially interested in Curtis' Magazine, but it was
refused. It may be that one or two indexes of sub-
divisions of the work have been published as supple-
ments besides those enumerated in the preface, but
they are not contained in my copy, which is appa-
rently complete, and the fact does not affect the ques-
tion of the want of a single general index to the
entire work. Pritzel's Iconum Botanicarum Index,
of which I have the original edition of 1855, and the
supplement of 1 866 — a most valuable book — does not
give the synonyms, nor supply the want above referred
to, nor is it " based upon the limitations of the genera
of plants in the most recent standard works," but
gives the names as they are in the books quoted.
The reference was to the third edition of Sowerby's
Botany, and when it had been advertised as complete
in its present form for ten years it was not incor-
rect to refer to it as a book without an index.
It is difficult to understand what "H." means when
he states I have singularly over-rated the importance
of my index. A plain statement of its contents and
of its deficiencies is given in the preface. " H."
could not have been more pleased than I should have
been if a competent botanist had published a complete
index, and saved me the trouble and expense of pre-
paring mine ; but as such index was not forthcoming,
and in the mean time my copy of Curtis was practi-
cally useless, I resolved to do the best my limited
leisure permitted for the useof myself and such others as
cared to avail themseves of roy work. As to the sur-
prising error alleged to have been committed by me in
mistaking arctolidis, which may be a genitive form,
for a derivative, as to its termination, of ei^Tjs, if refer-
ence be made to plate 4035, Dryandra arctotidis, it
will be found the translation of the latter word in the
description is Arctotis-like, from which it would
appear that the Editor of that date assumed it to be a
derivative of e'lS^s ; if it be a genitive it is singular,
for to the best of my recollection no other example of
a specific name constructed out of the genitive of a
generic name occurs in the 107 volumes of the Maga-
zine, Edmund Tanks, Fachuood, KiKnale,
The Potato Crop. — Two years since, discoursing
in these pages on Potatos, I wrote : — " We are now at
August I and not a fungus spot has been seen ; a stem
has gone off here and there, and some rust has been
seen on the leaves, but of the genuine disease nothing
has been heard, and there is a luxuriant healthiness
about the leaves and plants that is for the time of the
year as remarkable as it is unwonted." Just as his-
tory repeats itself, so may what was then written be
repeated now with absolute truth ; the only difference
in the general aspect of the Potato now as compared
with the growth in l88l is that it is a little later, but,
on the whole, during the past month the tubers have
made great progress, and August finds the root crop
but very little later than it has been in average years,
ISO
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1883.
Already are enrly kinds dying off a heallhy and
natural death ; the golden tints seen on the decaying
leafage are as pleasing as they are unusual, indicating
that the tubers, whether large or small, are at least
sound and free from disease. With all the later sorts
there is to be found a vigour and promise that indi-
cates a marvellous crop, and it will not be a matter
for surprise if the great crop of 1S81 is repeated, but
in an even more abundant degree. It was in that
year that the Champions and the Magnums first
began to tell upon the Potato markets, and as the
breadth planted with these and similar heavy crop-
ping kinds is this year probably much greater than
two years since, there is every reason to anticipate
what, after all, is hardly a blessing— such a glut of
tubers as shall bring little profit to the growers,
even though the consuming public may have ample
reason to rejoice. Partly owing to the heavy crop
of 18S1, and the consequent low returns, so that
a less breadth of ground was last year planted
with Potatos, and partly owing to the early loss of
leafage on all kinds through the premature action of
the Peronospora, the glut of the preceding year was
changed into a sparse crop, although as it proved in
the end a fairly healthy one. Thus the comparative
scarcity of one year reacts to evoke abundance in the
next, and as we anticipate with so much good reason
a big crop this year, it will not be surprising if some
large growers should be shy of planting largely next
spring. Whilst in iSSi we had so little to complain
of generally as far as the disease was concerned, its
action last year on the foliage was exceedingly prema-
ture, and, indeed, as early as the end of June we had
to report its appearance largely on early kinds.
Still the disease did not appear in the tubers in a
virulent aspect, indeed many kinds that usually when
disease is rife are fearfully affected were sound beyond
our highest hopes. Coupling these results of the pre-
ceding two years with what is the state of things at
present— a state that for health and promise has
hardly been exceeded for the past forty years, we may
be excused for imagining that possibly the back of
the disease has been broken, and that it is less potent
for evil than it was some years since. If that be too
optimist a view to be taken of the state of things, at
least we may congratulate ourselves that the seasons
are now more favourable to the Potato than they were
but recently. Mr. Plowright, in beginning his admir-
able paper at p. 103 on Mr. Jensen and the Potato
disease, makes the remarkable and positive statement
that "all appearances point to a severe visitation of
the Potato disease." Comparing that assertion with
the reports as to the present state of the Potato crop
furnished by intelligent correspondents in all parts
of the kingdom, I find it very difficult indeed
to reconcile such prognostication with these reports,
and the abundant evidence of my own senses ; in
fact, whilst last year as far as tried Mr. Jensen's pro-
tective earthing gave no results simply because the
disease was so light in its attack, so this year does it
seem as if we should pull through a splendid crop in
our old-fashioned way. I would not for one moment
seek to depreciate the value of Mr. Jensen's system.
No doubt whatever it is absolutely correct in theory
and in fact, but if the seasons decline to promote
the operation of the Peronospora of course protective
earthing will render us no useful service. We should
like to learn first what the spores which are in damp
seasons so active amongst the Potato plants are doing
now. Are they sailing in the air robbed by its dryness
of all power to strike and wound, or are they lying
dormant in the soil, or somewhere, incapable of expan-
sion and activity ? There has been no lack of rain
in most parts of the country, and specially have there
been numerous electrical storms — phenomena once
thought to be peculiarly favourable to the disease
even if not its creative power. Still no particular
harm has resulted, and to have got through July with-
out finding any special quantity of disease spots is,
with the exception of a similar state of things in 1S81,
a fact upon which we may well offer and accept con-
gratulation. Very noticeable, however, this summer
so far, has been the absence of those moist, muggy,
misty nights that are more than any other natural
phenomena to be dreaded. These promote the rapid
operation of the floating spores in the leafage and
stems far more than rains do. Whilst, however,
there is so far such general immunity from disease
even on the foliage I trust readers will take to heart
Mr. Jensen's advice as to lifting, and not be in too
much hurry to rush up their crops. In small gardens
there is hardly any alternative, but as a rule the plan
seldom turns out to have been a wise one. A. D.
■ ■ The Potato crop so far is promising. Up to
this date we have seen nothing of the taint or
leaf spot which is the forerunner of disease in the
Potato itself. We must not, however, feel too safe ;
there is yet plenty of time for the disease to appear
and work much mischief. This sultry, thundery,
rainy weather is exactly of the kind which in former
years preceded, fostered, and engendered it. Such
experience has reluctantly taught us to expect and
anticipate a visitation of Peronospora whenever the
elements appear favourable to its development, and to
prepare us to combat with it as best we know how.
But in this, so far as our humble efforts have yet led
us, they have ended in nothing much beyond that
position which enabled the poet to so aptly and
forcibly express for us for this and all other similar
failures, viz. —
" In proving foresight may be vain ;
The best laid schemes o' mice an' men
Gang aft agley,
An' lea'e us nought but grief and pain
For promis'd joy."
Last year we grew a good many of the newer
and more highly recommended varieties, which
ended more or less in considerable disappoint-
ment. This year we have reduced our varieties,
growing only for our early crops such sorts as Myatt's
and Rivers' Royal Ashleaf ; for general crops
Magnum Bonum, International, Beauty of Hebron,
Schoolmaster, and Rector of Woodstock. In
the allotment gardens in this neighbourhood
Magnum Bonum is the favourite, but in these and in
the village gardens all the newer varieties as they are
introduced are tried, and judgment on their merits or
demerits most unerringly pronounced upon them by a
syndicate of the whole of the villagers from time to
time assembled. Farmers in this district are not Potato
growers. This is rather surprising, because to a cer-
tain extent there is a Potato trade going on between
Coventry and Lincolnshire and other distant Potato
growing districts. But after all, the demand for either
Potatos or milk in Coventry or in other Warwickshire
towns is small when compared to Scotch towns of
equal size. Take Glasgow, Liverpool, or Manchesler,
where the people know how to appreciate and enjoy
a Potato and herring dinner, and also a porridge and
milk breakfast. The people of Coventry care for none
of these things, consequently they are as a rule small
in bone and thin in muscle. Any one may witness
the multitude of milk carts that are during early morn-
ing driven into Scotch towns by every available
approach, and also of the enormous quantities of
Potatos making their way towards those great northern
industrial centres by river, road, and rail. Contrast
this state of things, if you like, by a visit at early dawn
to theapproaches of our Midland towns — there is nosuch
traffic ; all is still and melancholy almost as death itself.
If our medical staff were to show a little more pluck
in backing up what we already know to be their
opinion, i.e., in prescribing a more liberal diet of
milk, vegetables, and fish, we would not only be
gainers by having a race of men of improved physique,
but our farmers, by a greater demand for milk and
potatos, would have created for them an almost new
industry, and 50 revive or resuscitate to a very con-
siderable extent their present most depressed and
languishing condition ; and were our good Queen
kind enough to take a lead in this, by ordering on to
Her Majesty's royal table, dishes of Potato and
herring, and porridge and milk, and the royal lead
carried on in a spirited manner downwards through
every grade and rank of the aristocracy — no one
stands more in need of a pleasant turn in the agri-
cultural lane than they themselves do— a pattern of
this kind well carried out and well sustained would
do more to improve the present depressed agri-
cultural position than anything the House of
Commons can do by laboriously legislating through
an entire session over an Agricultural Holdings Act.
Only give to agriculture encouragement for increased
supply of the above production. This, followed by
more congenial seasons than we have been having
lately, rents will then be readily and fully paid up,
and all noisy clamouring for agricultural legislation
will vanish like the distant rumbling of a receding
thunderstorm, lym. Llilla; Comhe Ahhcy.
Ketton Hall, the seat of J. T. Hcpwood, Esq.,
near Stamford, is well worth a visit now from any
one interested in fruit culture, as upards of forty varie-
ties of Peaches and Nectarines are to be seen there
in various stages of development, but most of them
ripening fast ; and the fruit on some of the trees may
be counted by hundreds — one tree in particular on the
day of my visit (July 16) had about 300 fruit on then,
and I was told no had been gathered that morning,
and a similar quantity a few days previously, giving a
total of over 500. This tree would measure from the
points of the young wood about 24 feet by 16 feet.
The varieties most esteemed are— Peaches : Royal
George, Bellegarde, Grosse Mignonne, Princess of
Wales, Alexander, Exquisite, Sea Eagle, Stirling
Castle, Prince of Wales, First Lord, Merlin, &o.
Nectarines : EIruge, Lord Napier, Victoria, Stan-
wick Elruge, Pine-apple, Violette Hative, &c. These
are all located in splendid modern built houses,
glazed on Rendle's system, thus giving the trees
abundance of light, the effect of which is seen in the
splendid colour of the fruit. The last addition to the
glassstructures — a fine curvilinear span-roof by Rendle,
150 feet long by 28 feet wide — is a picture in itself,
and, taking all things into consideration, is probably
the finest fruit-house in the kingdom. It was only
completed last October, but was immediately planted
with large trees removed from the other houses, and
now the trellis is nearly covered with fine trees bear-
ing enormous crops, not thinned out to the regulation
distance but growing in clusters, and attaining a
good size as well. The trellis as usual runs near to the
sides of the house, and the centre part is filled up
with Figs in pots, and Peaches, Nectarines, &c., in
pots for preliminary trials ; thus, what wae only a
grass field about ten months since is now a grand
house full of delicious fruit, and this is a triumph in
fruit cultivation of which Mr. Plopwood and his gar-
dener, Mr. W. Woodfield, may well be proud. But
although Peaches and Nectarines are the principal
things grown here, other things are by no means
neglected. In addition to the usual occupants of a
good garden I noticed some Pear trees in pots which
had some very fine fruit on, principally Doyenne du
Cornice, Souvenir du Congres, Brockworth Park,
Marie Louise, Pitmaston Duchess, Louise Bonne of
Jersey, Clapp's Favourite, &c., the last-named being
ripe, and appearing to be a first-class early Pear.
The others will be very fine when they attain their
full size. Ketton is about 4 miles from Stamford,
but trains by the London and North-Western and
Midland Railways call frequently at Ketton Station,
W. H. Divers, Burghky.
The Hybrid Raspberry. — The plant figured in
the Gardeners'' Chronicle, xx., p. 13, as a "hybrid
Raspberry " is 3. forma incrmis of the Rubus Idaeus
var. obtusifolius (Willd. spec.) = var. anomalus
Arrh. — var. Leesii, Babgt. This variety of the
common Raspberry is a very curious thing, which
very seldom bears fruit, because the carpels generally
are not closed, and the young seeds cannot withstand
the dryness of the open air. From the very rare fruits,
however, the variety comes true. A forma inermis of
the plant was hitherto unknown to me. Dr. W. O,
Poche, Bremen, July 24.
THE SUNNINGDALE NURSERY.
Rhododendrons, it is needless to say, are one of
the features of this nursery, thriving in the natural soil
in a way that it is not possible to exceed. They com-
prise all the best kinds, new and old, which combine
handsome flowers with the right parentage to give a
hardy constitution, such as will enable them to pass
unscathed through the exceptionally severe winters
that from time to time visit us. This last is an im-
portant consideration, which should never be lost sight
of in selecting varieties to plant, for however hand-
some the Rowers may be, if the leaves are not able to
withstand the hardest frosts which the country is ever
subject to, they are useless, from the unsightly appear-
ance the plants have when so injured. Mr. Noble
rejects all that are the least susceptible to injury in
this way, confining the kinds he cultivates almost
wholly to such as have been raised from the North
American species catawbiense, the progeny of
which, like the parent, will bear a much lower
temperature than ever visits these islands, without the
leaves being affected in the least. The stock consists
of thousands of all sizes, from the usual trade examples
up to large bushes ; the standards run from 2 to 8
or 10 feet in diameter ; there is an unusually large
stock of these effective plants, in the best possible con-
dition. Amongst the new kinds is Charles Noble, a
free-growing and profuse flowering variety, with
brilliant red flowers and a prominent yellow eye ; it
is a late bloomer, coming in when many sorts are
over. Lady Strangford is another grand variety,
ground colour peach, with deep claret centre, distinct
and beautiful. Lord Wolseley, brilliant orange-
scarlet in colour, with large commanding foliage ;
a fine distinct kind. Prometheus : the colour of this
is intense scarlet-crimson, a very free bloomer, and
fine habit. Rhododendron californicum, a compara-
tively little known kind, is here grown in immense
quantities for covert planting ; it is a free grower,
with very large, handsome foliage, and a profuse
bloomer ; in colour the flowers vary through the
different shades of pink. For covert planting or mass-
ing in woods it is much superior in every way to R.
ponticum, and much hardier than that variety.
Spir.^a talmata. — This nursery may be said to
be the home of this fine herbaceous plant, which
stands unequalled for its gorgeous crimson-red flowers ;
the effect it gives when, as here, in large plants,
backed with the green foliage of Rhododendrons and
other shrubs massed near it, is fine in the extreme. In
one place it is planted amongst standard Rhododen-
drons thinly distributed, the Spirasas put in close
enough to densely cover the ground, its feathery
sprays of bloom literally touching each other, so as to
form a sheet of the richest colour. It stands unrivalled
August 4, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
151
for massing in front of shrubs. An acre of the plant
is grown ; it reaches when in bloom from 4 to 4i feet
in height.
Roses. — Mr. Noble's Rose, Queen of the Bedders,
grown in quantity together, flowers so profusely as to
give a sheet of colour little less dense than that of the
Spirxa, .ind so persistent is it that the bloom is con-
tinuous through the season after once it begins. It
is a rich deep crimson, and stands unequalled for
massing. Roses do well here ; a seleclion of the
best kinds are grown in quantity. They are on the
Manetli and seedling Brier stocks, budded quite low,
so that they shortly are virtually on their own roots.
Few standards arc grown. Even the old blush China,
so effective for shrubbery planting, is thus budded on
the Manelti ; so managed the plants are as large at
the end of the Hrst season's growth as they would be
in three if raised from cuttings. Duchess of Con-
naught, also raised by Mr. Noble, is another fine
bcdibng variety; like Queen of the Bedders, dwarfish,
and a profuse flowerer. It is also a fine exhibition
Rose, especially for late in the season, for which
purpose it was certificated by the Royal Horticultural
Society, in addition to the similar award made to it as
a bedding sort. It is a full globular shaped flower,
bright crimson, with a dark velvety-purple shade, and
very sweet scented. It was a seedling from Maurice
Bernardin.
Lilies are an especial feature of this nursery.
The most popular kinds are grown in the open ground
in immense numbers, the mixed peaty soil on a bed
of gravel suiting them admirably L. auralum in its
several distinct forms, L. californicum, L. pardalinum,
L. Leopoldi splendens, the finest of the tigrinum
section, reaching a height of 6 or 7 feet; L. Fortunei,
L. speciosum in its different varieties, L. Krameri,
and the majestic L. giganteum, in thousands of young
plants of various sizes coming on in addition to some
that were in bloom. It has been grown here up to a
height of II leet and a half, bearing a proportionate
number of its great trumpet-shaped flowers. It
seems to bloom the best amongst Rhododendrons,
which give it some shelter from the cutting winds
and frost that affect its young leaves for a short time
alter it begins to push up in spring.
Andromeda floribunda. — Amongst the large
and well managed stock of deciduous and evergreen
flowering shrubs may be mentioned Andromeda flori-
bunda, which is herein such quantities and condition
as seldom seen ; in a small as well as a large state
it is literally covered with flower-spikes. The largest
examples are 10 feet through by 5i feet high, they
were raised from seed some twenty-seven years ago ;
it is sometimes said that this shrub will not increase
freely from seed, but here is proof to the contrary.
Clematis have received special attention with Mr.
Noble, a number of the finest kinds existent having
been raised by him, as those who have seen his seed-
lings exhibited at South Kensington and elsewhere
know. Amongst recently raised varieities may be
named Aurora, The President, Xerxes, Proteus, Mar-
garet Dunbar, Mademoiselle Torriani, Undine, and
Elaine, all of which are free growers that produce
freely their immense flowers, ranging in colour from
pinkish-mauve, bright rose, to deep puce suffused
with deeper shades in a way that indescribably inten-
sifies the beauty of their large, in many cases double
or semi- double flowers. There is probably no
hardy flowering climbing plant so deservedly
popular as C. Jackmanni, thriving as it does
freely on any aspect, and producing for many weeks a
dense sheet of its deep purple flowers. The want has
been long felt of a suflicienlly distinct coloured sort of
the same type as a companion to contrast in colour
with this grand old favourite. Mr. Noble has been
successful in raising a variety in every way calculated
to meet the want. I do not know what name the
new soit may receive, but white Jackmanni, more
than any other, will convey a correct idea of what it
is. The leaves and gener.1l habit of the plant are
identical with the old variety, growing as well and
flowering as freely and at the same season, with the
simple difference that the flowers are white, a little
larger, and often come with a petal or two more than
the old sort. If asked to name a new hardy plant
destined to become a general favourite, and find its
way into every garden where flowering climbers are
held in estimation, I should say this Clematis. Since
I saw the plant, Mr. Noble has exhibited it before
the Floral Committee under the name of C. Jack-
manni alba, receiving, as it richly deserved, a First-
class Certificate.
Trees and Shrubs. — In the best kinds of
deciduous and evergreen trees the Conifers are
deserving of especial mention ; in addition to the
ordinary sizes for planting there are quantities of large
specimens of the Piceas and other well-proved sorts
that are kept constantly prepared by cutting back the
roots, so as to enable their being moved with safety ;
in this way, where immediate effect is wanted, time
may be saved. Amongst a select lot of the different
kinds of fruit trees standard Apples receive especial
attention : (or the kinds that are at all difficult to
get U|) with straight stems the strong, erect growing
Apple, Annie I'^iizaltcth, is used as a etock, working
the sort required on the top. T. B.
KSCIISCHOLTZIA ROSE
CARD I N AL.
Apropos of this beautiful new addition to a group of
mo3t showy hardy annuals, it may be remarked that it
is derived from the rich deep orange and golden Man-
darin. That such a pleasing hue of rose could have
originated from the golden form is a matter for sur-
prise, but it is so ; and it is not the less remarkable
that, instead of the striking and showy Mandarin
having been selected from crocea or its variety
aurantiaca, it actually came from the old pale-
coloured rosea. What tricks flowers seem to play
upon us sometimes. Eschscholtzia Mandarin is a
glorious subject : a very large patch of it, as one sees
in the famous seed grounds of Messrs. Carter &
Co. at St. Osyth, is a sight as unusual as it is striking,
but it will be observed there is a tendency — not very
marked it is true— to go back to a pale yellow form,
and also to rosea. It is an annual that requires rigid
selection ; its sportive character must be regarded
and circumscribed in so far as human agency can
compass this. Rose Cardinal also will hark back to
Mandarin, but, as far as we could judge of the
seed beds at St. Osyth, only to a slight
extent. Both are *'rogued '* with an unsparing hand,
but it requires years to fix in something like definite
form sports in annuals, and a large number of the new
annuals are what we term^rightly or wrongly —
sports. This is perhaps an appropriate term, because
they are so apt to revert to the normal type. Mr.
Robert Gardener, the foreman at Messrs. Carter
& Co.'s seed grounds at St. Oiyth, who has spent not
a few years ot an active life among these annuals,
states that he has selected a sport, kept it true for five
or six years, then it has gone back to the normal type,
then reappeared, and finally becomes extinct. Better
fortune has happened in other cases. A marvellous
fund of patience is required in this work, and hope
that will not be resigned ; and this patience is some-
times rewarded by the shining forth in the floral con-
stellation of some star of the first magnitude, like the
Eschscholtzias above named, Clarkia pulchella inte-
gripetala, the new blue variety of Nemophila atoma-
ria, and others. "Wait and hope" is an appro-
priate motto for the florist, whether he raises Auri-
culas, Roses, or Tulips, or seeks to improve common
flowers by carefully selecting uncommon variations in
type.
A NATURAL FERNERY.
New Zealand is proverbially rich in Ferns, not
alone in mere number of species, but also as an
element of the vegetation and a feature in its phy-
siognomy. From 120 to 130 species are known to
inhabit the islands, as against forty-eight in the British
Islands ; and a considerable proportion of them are
peculiar to the islands, including the singular and
beautiful Trichomanes reniforme. Mr. W. Colenso
gives us some idea of the richness of the Fern element
in some districts in an entertaining article in the
Transactions of the Mciv Zealand Institute on the
number of species of Ferns noticed in a small area in
the New Zealand forests, in the Seventy Mile Bush
between Norsewood and Danneverke, in the pro-
vincial district of Hawke's Bay, Mr. Colenso has
visited the woods and forests of the district in ques-
tion several times a year during the last few years,
and on each fresh occasion he has been more im-
pressed with the luxuriance and variety of the Ferns.
He says, " In one spot in particular, deeply secluded
in the quiet recesses of the grand old forest (a spot
very dear to me — one which I have almost invariably
visited several times, and each time with increasing
delight, on each of my journeys inland), I have
repeatedly noticed and pleasingly contemplated a
large number of species of Ferns ; more than I have
ever seen growing together in all my wanderings in
New Zealand ; and all, too, flourishing luxuriantly.
Within this circumscribed area of, say, one-eighth of
a mile each way, or even less, I have found fifty-three
species belonging to fifteen genera."
We can only give one short extract from the
description of this natural fernery. "First, then, I
should tell you there is a large open spcicc in the
forest, of an oblong or an irregular oval shape, shel-
tered from all high winds. The centre of this oval is
pretty clear of trees, save two or three large and
ancient Conifers, whose huge and irregularly but-
tressed trunks, and high, ridgy, uneven, and grotesque
roots, all thickly dressed in climbing feathery Ferns
and other plants, add to the picturcque beauty of the
scene. Here and there also in the centre and in the
foreground, scattered in clumps and standing singly,
are several handsome Tree Ferns, while the larger
herbaceous Ferns prominently show themselves in big
tufts and masses, with the smaller ones growing among
them, and, as it were, under their sheltering wings. This
is a very brief outline of the centre of that pleasing
natural garden. It is not often that such a large and
clear open space Is to be met with in the midst of a
thick forest ; I daresay in that small piece of ground
there are more than 100 Tree Ferns of nearly all
sizes ; some, as I said before, in the midst, and
some intermixed among the trees and shrubs around
it."
We will complete the picture as well as we can by
giving a list of the Ferns found : — Cyathea dealbata,
C. medullaris, C. Smithii, and*C. polyneuron ; Dick-
sonia squarrosa, D. fibrosa (antarctica, H.B.K. ?),
D. lanata, and *D. Sparmanniana ; Hymenophyllum
tunbridgense, H. bivalve, H. multifidum, H. javani-
cum, H. rarum, H. dilatatum, H. polyanthos,
3 sanguinolentum, II. demissum, H. scabrum, *H.
pusillum, H. flabellatum, and *H. erecto-alatum ;
Trichomanes reniforme, T. venosum, and *T. venus-
tulum ; Davallia nov^e-zealandias ; Adiantum Cunning-
hami ; Hypolepis tenuifolia and H. distans ; Pteris
esculenta, P. tremula, P. scaberula, and P. incisa ;
Pell^ea rotundifolia ; Lomaria procera, L. fluviatilis,
L. lanceolata, and L. discolor ; Asplenium lucidum,
A. falcatum, A. bulbiferum, A. flaccidum ; Aspidium
vestitum, A. Richardi, and A. coriaceum ; Nephro-
dium decompositum, and N. hispidum ; Polypodium
grammitis, P. rugulosum, P. pannigerum, P. rupestre,
P. tenellum, P. pustulatum, and P. Billardieri ; and
Todea hymenophylloides.
P'ive of the foregoing are new species, and hitherto
only found in this locality ; they are prefixed by an
asterisk. Mr. Colenso also describes the following
new Ferns from other ports of New Zealand : —
Cyathea tricolor, Dicksonia gracilis, Hymenophyllum
megalocarpum, and Asplenium anomodum,
CANADIAN NOTES.
We had an unusually severe and protracted winter,
with a great depth of snow, proving very dis-
astrous to the winter Wheat, which according to the
most experienced observers was about half killed out
in this province. The spring has been a very wet
and cold one, and considerable damage has been done
to the crops on the low lands. Haying commenced
on Monday, and those who took up wh^.t they then
cut on the Wednesday and Thursday morning were
fortunate, as there was a heavy rain in the afternoon,
which put a stop to the proceedings for some days, as
well as inflicting a serious loss in spoiling the crop.
The cutting is, of course, performed by machinery,
but haymaking machines are not in vogue here.
The excess of water alluded to above has rotted the
Potatos, and replanting has been necessary. The
Early Rose variety is the general favourite, and there
are very few better descriptions. Some are trying the
Beauty of Hebron and the Mammoth Pearl, both of
which, I believe, are good, but my favourite is the
White Elephant for quality, size, and productiveness.
On the high land the Potatos, and all other crops, are
looking well.
The Grape Vines are showing nicely for fruit, as
also the Apples and Plums, as the lateness of the sea-
son prevented any injury from frost.
There has been an abundance of Strawberries, both
cultivated and wild, and the prices have been from
8 cents to 10 cents (halfpence) a quart. We expect
also a large production of Gooseberries, Raspberries,
Blackberries, and Thimbleberries (Rubus occiden-
talis).
As the Italian Mulberry will not stand our winters
we have been deprived of this delicious fruit, but
there seems now a prospect of our wants being sup-
plied, as we are getting the Russian Mulberry viA the
Great North-West, where it was taken by the Men-
nonites, and as it flourishes in its native home at 50"
below zero, we have no fear of its suitability to our
less rigorous climate. E, M,^ Rlinnesing^ Ontario*
152
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1S83.
LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.
{Continued /ram p. 42.)
26. E^IDENDRUM (Epicladium) Boothianum, Lindl,
Bot. Reg, 1838, Misc.. p. 5 ; Fol. Orch., n. 3 ;
Walp.Ann.,\\., p. 311.— Cuba. Introduced by
Captain Sutton and cultivated by Sir Charles
Lemon. A curious species, near E. variegatum.
E. BRACHIATUM =: glaucum.
27. E. BRACHIATUM, A. Rich. andGal.,^«ff. Sc. Nat.,
serie 3, iii., p. 20 ; Rchb. i., Gard. Chroii.., n.s.,
xiii., p. 648. — Mexico. Cultivated by Messrs.
Veitch in 1880. Flowers small, pale yellow spotted
with cinnamon.
28. E. (Aulizeum) brachychilum, Lindl., Orch.
Lifidcn, p. 9; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 109; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 353 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96. —
Venezuela. Introduced by Mr. Linden in 1854.
Flowers very fragrant ; petals yellow, spotted with
brown ; hp bright yellow.
E. BRACTEOLATUM = radiatum.
E. ERACTESCENS z= aciculare.
29. E. (Encycltum) BRASAVOL.E, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit.
1852, p. 729; Beitr. Orch, Centr. Am., p. 86 ;
Walp. Ann., vi.. p. 321 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5664 ;
Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 682, and p. 1239. — Guate-
mala. Discovered and introduced by Mr. Skinner,
and cultivated by Mr. Bateman. A pretty species
allied to E. prismatocarpura. Flowers 4 inches
across ; sepals and petals narrow, rich yellowish-
brown ; labellum purple, white, and green. Hort.
Kew.
30. E. (Aulizeum — Holochila) calamarium, Lindl.,
Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 88 ; Fol. Orch., n. 125 ;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 358. — Brazil. Imported and
cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges, Flowers pale
yellowish-green, with five small violet spots on the
lip, scentless.
31. E. caligarium, Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. 1869,
p. mo. — Central America. Cultivated by Mr.
Wentworth Buller. Very near E. myrianthum,
differing in the pitted ovary, and in the callosity,
much like a boot, at the base of the lip.
32. E. CALLIFERUm, Lemaire, Jard. Fleur., iv., t. 414.
— Greenish-yellow, with red markings, is doubt-
fully referred to E. fuscatum by Reichenbach in
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 386.
33. E. (Epicladium) campylostalix, Rchb. f., Bot.
Zeit. 1852, p. 730; Walp. Ann., vi,, p. 320;
Lindl., Fol. Orch.,Ti. 2; Rchb. f., Bcitr. Orch.
Centr. Am., p. 32 and p. 80 ; Refii^. Bot,, t. 86.
— Guatemala to Panama. Costa Rica. Intro-
duced by Mr. J. Linden ; whole plant very
glaucous in hue ; flowers striped yellowish-green
and brown. This is the E. leucatum, Klotzsch,
in German gardens ; and, according to Dr.
Reichenbach, it is most persistently called E.
glaucum. Skinner, in English gardens.
34. E. {Encyclium — Hymenochila) CANnOLLEI,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc., p. 55 ; Fol. Orch.,
n. 28; DC, PI, Rar. Hort. Genev., p. 8,
not p. 15, t. 3 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 327.
E. cepiforme. Hook., Bot. Mag,, t. 3765.— Mexico.
Dr. Lindley first received this through M. De
CandoUe from the Geneva Botanic Garden, and
Mr. J. Parkinson must have sent it to the Duke of
Bedford about the same time. It is a remarkable
species, having large, globose, shining pseudo-
bulbs, and branching panicles, 3 or 4 feet high, of
tawny orange and yellow flowers.
35. E. CARACASANUM, Regel, Ind. Sent. Hort. Petrop.
i860, p. 32 ; Urban, Addit. Ind. Sem. Hort.
Bcrol. 1880, p. 49. — Venezuela. E. Jlavo-virens,
Regel, Ind, Sem. Hort. Petrop, 1855, p. 19 ;
Urban, Addit. hid. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1880, p.
49. No further information is given.
36. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — SpATHACEA) CARNEUM,
Lindl., Orch. Linden., p. 8 ; Fol. Orch., n. 147 ;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 364; ///. Hort., xxviii., p.
g6. — Venezuela, at 500 feet. Introduced by
Linden in 1843. Flowers yellow, with a flesh-
coloured hp, arranged in a nodding raceme from
3 to 4 inches long.
37. E. Catillus, Rchb. f., andWarscew., Bonplaridia,
1854, p. 112 ; Walp. An?!., vi., p. 393 ; Gard.
Chron. 1873. p. 1398, and n.s., ii., p. 419 ; ///.
Hort., n.s,, t. 162. E. imperator, Hort. — New
Grenada. Discovered by Warscewicz, and im-
ported by Linden, whilst Mr. Day, of Tottenham,
appears to have been the first to flower it. Allied
to E. cochlidium and E. elongatum. Flowers
cinnabar-red.
E. cEPiFORME=:Candollei.
38. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) ceratistes,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc., p. 91 ; Fol. Orch.,
n. 31 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 329. — Venezuela and
New Grenada. Imported and cultivated by Mr.
Barker. Panicle 3 feet long ; flowers very fra-
grant, clear green or dull yellow, with a whitish
lip streaked with red.
39. E. (Euepidendrum) chioneum, Lindl., Bot. Reg.
1845, Misc., p. 73; Fol. Orch., n. 273; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 409 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96.— New
Grenada, at 12,000 feet. Introduced by Linden.
Flowers pure white, in small close heads an inch
or more long.
40. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) chiriquense,
Rchb. f.. Bet. Zeit. 1852, p. 730; Walp. Ann.,
vi.. p. 342 ; Xenia Orch., i., p. 164, t. 57, fig. 2.
— Veraguas. Cultivated in German gardens.
E. CHLORANTHUMrrchloroleucum.
41. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) chloroleucum,
Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3557 ; Lindl., /^?<?. Orch., n.
37 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 331. E. chloranthum,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 25. — Demerara.
Imported and cultivated by John AUcard in 1837,
and by Messrs. Loddiges in 1838. Flowers green,
with a white lip ; scentless.
42. E. CHLOROPS, Rchb. f., Gard. Chron., n.s., xiv., p.
524. — Mexico. Introduced and cultivated by
Messrs. Backhouse, of York, in 1880. Flowers
green.
43. E. (Aulizeum) Christi, Rchb. f., Lin7tc€a, xli., p.
112 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96. — Ecuador. Intro-
duced by Mr. J. Linden in 1867. Flowers large ;
sepals and petals green, spotted with violet ; lip
yellow, with a crimson disc. Flor de Christo of
the Ecuadorians.
44. E. (Amphiglottide^) chrysostomum, Rchb. f. ;
Otto and Dietr., Allg. Gart. Zeit. 1856, p. 98 ;
Cat. Orch. Samml. Schiller, ed. 3, p. 29. — Peru.
Cultivated by Consul Schiller, of Hamburgh, in
1857-
45. E. (Aulizeum — Schistochila) ciliare, Linn., Sp.
PL, p. 1349 ; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. go; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 347 ; Bot. Reg., t. 784 ; Lodd.,
Bot. Cab., t. g-, Bot. Mag., t. 463; Redout^,
Liliac, t. 82. E. cuspidatum, Lodd., Bot. Cab.,
t. 9 ; Bot. Reg., t. 783. E. viscidum, Lindl., Bot,
Reg. 1840, Misc., p. 81. — Common and widely
spread in tropical America. Cultivated by Mr.
Whitley, nurseryman. Old Brompton, towards the
end of the last century. Lindley distinguishes
three varieties, of which cuspidatum is the finest,
having wholly yellow-white or tawny flowers about
5 inches across, with relatively broad sepals and
petals, and a deeply fringed labellum. Hort,
Kew.
46. E. (Euepidendrum— Amphiglottide^) cinna-
BARINUM, Salzmann ; Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch.
PL, p. 106 ; Fol. Orch., n. 218; Walp, Ann,,
vi., p. 389 ; Bot. Reg., 1S42, t. 25 ; Hart, Parad.
Vindob., i., t. 14 ; Gard. Chron. 1842, p. 367. —
Brazil. Discovered by Salzmann, and subse-
quently imported by Messrs. Loddiges, with whom
it first flowered in 1842. Allied to E. radicans
and E. Schomburgkii, but having the lateral lobes
of the lip deeply fringed. A beautiful species,
with orange-red flowers about 2 inches across, and
crowded at the end of a slender scape.
E. CINNAMOMEUM = pterocarpum.
47. E. {Aulizeum — Schistochila) clavatum, Lindl.,
Bot. Reg.,\, 1870 ; Fol. Orch., n. 93 ; Walp. Ann.,
vi.i p- 349- F- purpurascens , Focke, Tijdschr.
Natuurk. Wetcnsh., iv., p. 64. — Venezuela, In-
troduced by Mr. J. Henchman for Messrs. Low,
of Clapton, in 1834. Pseudobulbs tapering down-
ward into a slender stalk. Flowers green, with a
white labellum, subtended by spathaceous reddish
bracts. Hort. Kew.
48. E. (Euepidendrum) Clowesii, Batem., Bot. Reg.
1844, Misc., p. 16 ; Fol. Orch., n. 170 ; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 372. — Guatemala. Cultivated by
Mr, Bateman. Flowers yellowish -white.
49- E. (Euepidendrum — Nutantes) cnemidopho-
RUM, Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 168 ; Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 372 ; Gard. Chron. 1864, p. 292 and
p. 364; 1867, p. 1142 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5656. —
Guatemala, at 7000 feet. Discovered and eventu-
ally introduced by G. Ure-Skinner. A stalely
plant, 4 to 6 feet high, with ample drooping
racemes of purple-brown and yellow flowers, with
some tinges of pink, and very pale yellow outside.
50. E. (Aulizeum — Holochila) cochleatum, Linn.;
Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 128 ; Walp. Ann., \'i., p.
359 ; Jacq., Ic. PL Rar., iii,, t. 605 ; Bot. Mag.,
t. 572 ; Andrews, Bot. Refi., i., t. 13 ; Lamark,
EncycL, t. 730; Descourtilz, Fl. des Ant., vi.,
t. 440 ; Geel, Sert. Bot., vi. — Mexico, Central
America, and the West Indies. One of the
earliest Orchids cultivated. Pseudobulbs two-
leaved ; sepals and petals greenish -yellow ;
labellum mostly purple, somewhat the shape of
the bowl of a spoon. Hort. Kew.
E. cochleatum, Curtis, = fragrans.
E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottidea) cochli-
dium, Lindl., Ann. Nat. Hist., iv., p, 382 ; Fol.
Orch., n, 228 ; Walp. Ann., vi,, p. 393. E.
Pulcherrimum, Klotzsch, in Otto and Dietr, Allg.
Gart. Zeit. 1854, p. 233. — Peru. Introduced by
Warscewicz, and cultivated by Mathieu, in Berlin.
A very pretty species, with scarlet and yellow
flowers,
E. (Aulizeum — Holochila) collars, Lindl,,
Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc., p. 60 ; Fol. Orch., n. 121 ;
Walp. Ann., vi,, p, 357, — Guatemala. Intro-
duced by the Horticultural Society of London
through Mr. Hartweg. Stems long, deeply fur-
rowed. Flowers white, changing to yellow.
E. (Euepidendrum) conopseum, R. Br, ; Ait,
Hort, Kew, ed, 2, v., p. 219 ; Lindl., FoL Orch.,
n, 269; IValp. An7i., vi., p. 408 ; Chapman, -
FL Southern U. S., p. 455 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3457.
— North America. Carolina to Florida. A small
plant, with greenish flowers, tinged with piuple ;
interesting geographically. It grows on various
trees, but chiefly on Magnolia grandiflora. Intro-
duced in 1775 by John Fothergill.
E. colorans = polyanthum.-
54. E. CONSPiCUUM, Lemaire, III. Hort., t. 592. — Brazil.
Imported and cultivated by Verschaffelt. Flowers
white, suffused and veined with rose ; lip claret-
purple, edged with white.
55. E. (Euepidendrum— Nutantes) Cooperianum,
SI-
52.
53'
Batem., Bot. Mag., t. 5654; Gard. Chron. 1867,
p. 852. — Brazil. First flowered by Mr. Cooper,
of Alpha House, Old Kent .Road. A pretty
species, with drooping racemes of flowers from
the tops of the tall leafy stems. Sepals and petals
yellowish -green ; lip bright rosy-purple.
E. coriaceum 11: variegatum.
56. E. (Euepidendrum— STROBILIFER.E) coriifolium,
Lindl., Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond., vi., p, 218, with
a figure; Fol. Orch., n, 240; Walp. Ann., vi,,
p, 400. — Central America. Introduced by Skinner,
and cultivated by the Horticultural Society of
London. Flowers small, greenish.
57. E. (Euepidendrum) corvmbosum, Lindl., Fol.
Orch., n. 190; Walp. Ami., vi., p 380. E,
dichotomiwi, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 79.
— Guiana and Brazil. Imported and cultivated by
Loddiges. Flowers green.
58. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottidea) costa-
TUM, A. Rich, and Gal., A7in. Sc. Nat., serie 3,
iii., p. 21 ; Fol. Orch., n. 197 ; Walp. An7i., vi.,
P- 383. — Mexico. Cultivated by Loddiges.
Flowers rich crimson, as large as in E, nutans.
Hort. Kew.
59. E, (Aulizeum — Holochila) Coxianum, Rchb. f.,
Gard. Chroti., n.s., viii., p. 358. — Tropical
America. Cultivated by Mr. Serjeant Cox, with
whom it flowered in 1877. Flowers small, dull
brown and yellow.
E. CRASSIFOLIUM = elHpticum.
60. E. (Euepidendrum) criniferum, Rchb. f., Gard.
Chron. 1871, p. 1291 ; n.s., ii., p. 419 ; Bot. Mag.,
t. 6094. — Costa Rica. Imported by Messrs.
Veitch. An attractive species, closely allied to E.
rivulare. Flowers having the yellow and dark red
variegation of an Odontoglossum ; central lobe of
hp and petals very narrow ; lateral lobes of lip
deeply fringed.
E. CRISPATUM = adenocarpum.
61. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottide-e)cuculla-
TUM, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 33 ; FoL
Orch., n. 193 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 382. E. bi-
/orattwi, Lindl., Bot. Reg., 1844, Misc., p. 15. —
Brazil. Cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges. One oi
the least attractive,
62. E. (Aulizeum) cuspidatum, ^ ? ? brachysepa-
LUM, Rchb. f., LinncBa, xix., p. 372, — Native
country unrecorded. Culdvated by Mr. Seidel
of Leipsic in 1845.
E, cuspidatum = ciliare.
63. E. (Barkeria) cyclotellum, Rchb. f., Gard.
Chron., n, s., xiii. p. 72, but not the figure,
which, on the authority of Dr. Reichenbach him-
sell, represents E. elegans.— Mexico. Cultivated
by Mr. W. Bull and others in 1880.
E. cycnostalix = Stamfordianum.
64. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottidea) decipi-
ENS, Lindl,, Fol. Orch., n. 221 ; Gard, Chron.
1857, p. 26S ; Walp. A/m., vi., p. 391 ; Bo7i-
plandia, 1855, p. 68. — New Grenada to Guiana.
Imported by Loddiges through Warscewicz. A
brilliant species, resembling E, Schomburgkii.
Flowers bright apricot, with two crimson eyes
near the base of the lip.
65. E. (Euepidendrum — Paniculate) densiflorum,
Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3/91. E. agathosmicum,
Rchb, f., Linna-a, xxii., p. 841 ; Walp. Ann,,
vi,, p. 413. — Mexico, Sent by Mr. Parkinson to
Wobum, where it blossomed in 1839. Sepals and
petals green, ling'ed with dull brown ; lip white.
Hort. Kew,
E. dichotomum = corymbosum.
66. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) dichromum,
Lindl., Bot. Reg 1843, Misc., p. 78 ; FoL Orch.,
n. 76 ; Walp. An7i., vi., p. 343. — Pernambuco.
Cultivated by Mr. Quesnel, of Havre. Flowers
pure white, with a rose-coloured hp, yellow and
downy at the base.
Var. striatum, Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. 1866,
p. 219. — Cultivated by Mr.T. Dawson, of Meadow-
bank. A lovely variety, having white sepab and
petals, veined with purple.
67. E. Euepidendrum — Sl'bumbellat.e) difforme,
Jacq.,5^?V/. Amer,,p. 223, t. 136. E, U7nbellatum,
Swarlz ; Lindl. , Fol. , n. 248 ; Bot. Mag. , t. 2030.
— Guatemala, and West Indies to Brazil. First
introduced by Admiral Bhgh, in 1793. Flowers
wholly green. Hort. Kew.
68. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) diotum, Lindl.,
Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc., p. 65 ; Fol. Orch.', n. 24 ;
Walp. An7i., vi., p. 326. — Guatemala. Intro-
duced by Hartweg. Flowers j.^ inch in diameter,
dull cinnamon colour, with a little yellow and
some chocolate veins on the lip.
E. DIPUS = nutans.
E. discolor = noctumum.
69. E. (Euepidendrum — Subumbellata)eburneum,
Rchb, f., Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 404 ; Bot. Mag.,
1,5643, — Panama. Discovered by Mr. P. Hen-
derson, and sent to Mr. T. R. Tufnell, of Isle-
worth. A very distinct species, having rather large
flowers, with yellowish green sepals and petals,
and an ivory-white broad hp with yellow callosities.
70. E. (Barkerle) elegans, Rchb. f., Walp. Ann..,
vi,,p, 374, Barker its elega7is, Knowles and Waste,
FL Cab., ii,, t. 49 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4784; Fl. des
Serres, t. 959 ; ///. Hort., i., t. 23 ; Fl. Mag.,
n. s., t, 394 ; Pescatorea, i,, t, 10. — Mexico. Im-
ported by Mr. G. Barker, of Birmingham. Avery
beautiful Orchid. Sepals and petals varying from
pink to lilac and purple ; labellum white or pink
with a large, rich purple blotch near the tip, and
yellow and purple dots below.
E. ELLIPTICUM var. flavum, Lindl. = xa/ithimt7n,
{To be co)tti7tiied,)
August 4, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
153
THE SPECIES OF TULIPA.— VII.
{Continued frotn p. 71.)
Sub-genus Tulipa proper.— Stigma sessile.
Section 3. Gesncrianic. — Filaments without a tuft
of hairs at the base. Bulb-coats glabrous, or furnished
with a few adpressed hairs inside. Perianth cam-
panulate, usually typically bright red. Leaves
usually broad.
Sub-section 5. — Peduncle permanently pubescent.
All the six segments of the perianth obtuse.
34. T. puh'Sit'iis, Willd. — Not known in a wild
state, and most likely a hybrid between T. Gesneriana
and T. suavcolens. It has the large stigma, and six
obtuse segments of the former, and the downy
peduncle of the latter, the bright red forms have no
blotch at the base of the perianth-segments. Here
belong several of the April-flowering garden races,
such as Duke of Vork, Brides of Haarlem, and
Pottebakker. It has a faint scent, and runs through
a wide range of variation in flower colouring. It is
figured in Sweet's Flower Garden, tab. 78, and in the
Botanical Alagacinc, tab. 2388, as a variety of
T. suaveolens.
35. T. tiiaculata. Baker. — A well-marked garden
race, with the habit of T. Gesneriana, from which it
difl'ers by its small stigma, pubescent peduncle, and
bright red flower-segments, with a broad black basal
blotch. It flowers in the latter half of May.
36. T. Greigi, Kegel. — This is decidedly the most
showy and striking of the new Central Asian species.
Our wild specimens are from the Boroldai Mountains,
where it grows at from 25CO— 60CO feet above sea
level, and from the neighbourhod of Samarcand, col-
lected by Korolkow. It has been figured in the Garten-
flora, tab. 773, \\ie Botanical Magazine, tab. 6177, and
in the Florist and Pomologist, 1S76, p. 217. It may
be recognised by its robust habit, broad oblong
glaucous leaves, with numerous distinct brown
blotches, pubescent peduncle, and bright flame-red
campanulate perianth 2j— 3 inches long, with all the
six segments very obtuse, and furnished with a very
distinct linear-oblong black blotch, sometimes I inch
long, with a yellow border. It has a large stigma
and glabrous linear filaments as long as the bright
yellow linear-oblong anthers. Ic flowers in April,
and so far as I have seen does not vary much.
37. T. Eichleri, Kegel, Gartenjlora, tab. 799.
—A fine plant, and a well-marked species. It
is a native of Georgia, near the borders of
Persia. I described it fully in your columns in
1875, p. 220, from specimens furnished by Max
Leichtlin, and it has been figured in the Botanical
Magazine, tab. 6191. It much resembles T. Ges-
neriana, but differs by its pubescent peduncle. I have
only seen the flowers bright crimson, and they have a
distinct black blotch spread over the whole claw, with
a yellow border. It flowers in April and May. It is
very near the Grecian T. bcetica, but all the six seg-
ments are obovale and obtuse.
3S. T. Alberii, Kegel, Gartenflora, tab. 912. — A
near ally of the last species. It inhabits the Alatau
Mountains, in South Siberia, and is named alter Dr.
Albert Kegel, who has done so much in the discovery
and importation of these new Central Asian bulbs. It
has the stature of T. Gesneriana, glaucous-green
lanceolate leaves, without blotches, a pubescent erect
peduncle 6 or 9 inches long, a faintly blotched orange-
scarlet campanulate perianth, 2 inches long, with the
three inner segments obtuse, and the three outer sub-
acute, and glabrous yellow filaments exceeding the
dark purple anthers. It flowers in April, and has
been drawn for the Botanical Magazine from a speci-
men sent by Mr. Elwes.
39. T. iliensis, Kegel, Gartenjlora, tabs. 975 and
982. — Differs from all the other species of this group
by its small yellow flowers, resembling those of T.
Biebersteiniana. It has a small ovoid bulb, with the
outer tunics slightly pilose inside, four linear leaves
aggregated near the base of the peduncle, all under
i inch broad, a slender pilose peduncle, a lemon-
yellow flower not more than an inch long, with all
the segments obtuse, a minute stigma and glabrous
filaments twice as long as the yellow anthers. It is a
native of Central Asia, and is figured in the Botanical
Magazine, tab. 6518, from a specimen grown at
Dublin by Mr. F. \V. Burbidge. J. G. Baker.
( To t'a cotitiJilieii.)
A CARNATION SHOW AT
Slough.
When it was proposed by the members of the
Southern Section of the National Carnation and
Picotee Society that they should pay Mr. Turner the
compliment of holding a supplementary exhibition in
his nursery, the most enthusiastic promoter ol the
scheme could hardly have anticipated that such a
pleasant social gathering as th.it which took place on
Tuesday would have been the result. The morning
opened fine, but a few showers fell in the middle of
the day, driving all under cover for a short lime. Tha
rain, however, seemed to have no effect in the way of
stopping Mr. Turner's local friends from accepting his
invitation. Admission was free, the show-house was
crammed all the afternoon, and it must be some years
since the famous nursery was so closely scrutinised,
and by so many pairs of critical eyes as went the round
on Tuesday. However, as all the floricultural world
knows, the Royal Nursery will bear inspection, for has
it not ever had the reputation of being one of the
brightest, neatest, and most garden-like of trade estab-
lishments ?
We arrived with many others before the judging of
the Carnations and Picotees had been commenced,
and so had a favourable opportunity for a look round.
Well, the nursery did not show at its worst, and the
broad paths having been faced with fresh soft binding
gravel, and the borders and beds being singularly gay
with flowers, whilst choice shrubs and beautiful
Conifers made up the background, it was not diffi-
cult for the time to forget that we were in a nursery,
and were rather perambulating some well-kept plea
sure gardens. The Koyal Nursery is ever a show in
itself, and had every one of the charming blooms
shown in the competitions been absent, there yet
remained, as far as the special features of the gather-
ing—Carnations and Picotees— were concerned, an
enormous wealth of flowers of the most beautiful and
varied type. House after house was filled with
finely grown plants in full bloom and in bewildering
variety. To attempt to name even a small selection
of those growing under these conditions would be
lolly, for all were so good and all found their respec-
tive admirers. Literally Carnations and Picotees
are grown at Slough in pots by thousands — not in small
ones either, but in large roomy S-inch pots, and into
each are blocked three plants, Tria jiincta in una,
the pots being of a very upright form and of a more
than usually deep make so that ample root-room is
given. The compost is evidently of two parts good
turfy loam with one part of well decomposed manure
and but very little of sand, an ingredient best dis-
pensed with when it safely can be. Even the bitterest
enemy to florists' flowers and paper collars could not
have been but pleased with a sight of all these lovely
Carnations thus naturally blooming in endless
variety of colour and of marking. Tree Carnations
in preparation for winter work are in large bulk
both in pots and planted out for later pot-
ting, and Pinks, too, are in great bulk.
Two large beds of the beautiful White Clove Lady
Flora Molyneux, were in superb bloom, and the free
growth being made showed that it is a fine robust
kind. It is very pleasing to find that our sweet-
scented Clove section is being largely added to.
Next to the flowers just commented upon come
Roses as a great trade feature, and of these there are
of all the best Tea kinds immense quantities in pots,
the plants singularly robust, stout, and clean. One
big lot of Marechal Niels in pots bids fair to develope
respectable hop poles ere the growing season is over,
whilst every kind is good according to its character.
The bulk of the hybrid perpetuals are grown in out-
lying nurseries, but there is one big piece of bushes at
Slough so stout and vigorous as to show that it is not
soil but space that is wanted at home to enable
Roses in thousands to be produced. Mr. Turner's
success as an exhibitor, no matter of what, speaks
volumes for the high quality of his stock, backed as he
is by able and earnest growers, all of whom deserve a
niche in history whenever the complete history of the
famous Slough nursery shall be written.
Dahlias are a grand autumn attraction at Slough,
and these will in a few weeks be a magnificent sight.
The plants all about are now so short, stout, and
sturdy that one marvels to find such habit, but those
old Life Guardsmen amongst Dahlias, the " six
footers " of past days, are being weeded out and re-
placed by newer kinds of shorter growth, so that the
gain even in habit is great. Already the single and
bouquet kinds are blooming freely, but in a few weeks
nothing we are sure could more fully repay a visit to
Slough than a sight of Mr. Turner's truly grand lot of
Dahlias.
Chrysanthemums, too, are grown in immense quan-
tities, and all in 8-inch and 9-inch pots of deep make.
Plants stand about in all directions in huge masses —
literally by thousands, and include all the best kinds
in cultivation. Whenever these shall be all in bloom,
the sight, as a floral display, should be a truly grand
one, and it cannot be otherwise. In some houses we
noted the big collections of show Pelargoniums now
put under bare poles, though soon again to assume
their wonted coveting of green leafage. In others
are Palms, Ferns, and foliage plants growing in
luxuriant profusion. In others a fine collection of
Achimenes in pots, Bouvardias in single bulbs, and
inclusive of all the best kinds. In others Azaleas
pushing up their bloom-buds and kept very warm so
as to induce full ripening.
Outdoors there is a singularly varied collection ol
Ivies in pots and of herbaceous plants of many kinds,
Phloxes and Pentstemons especially in beautiful
bloom. Liliums, too, are a strong feature, whilst
thousands of things cannot be enumerated. Not least
worthy of notice are the tall narrow lines of Lom-
bardy Poplars trimmed in close every year, and which
afford a delightfully cool shade to the thousands of
Auriculas in pots in frames, than of which
there is no collection in the kingdom larger or
better cultivated. But enough for the present. The
Carnations are judged, and it is time we were
amongst them. The show was held in the square
exhibition house so familiar to all Slough habitues, and
though still too early for the Northern flowers, was
well attended by Northern growers. Mr. Turner, on
his own ground, was of course invincible, taking the
1st prize for the twenty-four blooms in the Carnations
and Picotee classes. Mr. Dodwell was also again to
the front. The following were the awards :—
Carnations.— Twenty-four blooms, not less than
twelve dissimilar.— rst, Mr. Turner, with a superb stand,
which included Jessica, John Ball, Mrs. Bridgewater,
Figaro, Matador, E. S. Uodwell, Robert Lord, William
Skirving, Rob Roy, Thomas Moore. Juno, George,
Sarah Payne, Mrs. Matthews, Sporting Lass, and Master
Stanley ; 2d, Mr. E. S. Dodwell ; 3d, Mr. James
Douglas, gr. to F. Whiibourn, Esq. Twelve blooms,
dissimilar.— rst, Mr. E. S. Dodwell, with Dorothy, Samuel
Barlow.l'lorenceNightingale, Henry Cannell.SarahPayne.
P.F. : John Keet, Master Fred, Arthur Medhiu-st, E. S.
Dodwell, Squire Wliitbourn, and Sarah Payne, P.P.B. :
2d, Mr. Douglas ; 3d, Mr. J. Lakin, Temple Cowley.Ox-
ford ; 4th, Mr. W. Slack, Chesterfield; sth, ]. F. Burnaby
Atkins, Esq., Sevenoaks ; 6th, Mr. J. Buxton, Clapham.
Six blooms, dissimilar. — rst, Mr. Thomas Austiss,
Brill, Oxon, with Thomas Moore, A. Hudson, Sarah
Payne, Mayor of Oxford, J. Bayley, Jun., and Master
Stanley ; 2d, Master Stanley Dodivell, Oxford ; 3d, M.
Rowan, Esq., Clapham; 4th, Mr. W. Meddick, Bath ;
5th, J. P. Sharp, Esq., Perry Barr, Birmingham ; 6th,
Mr. G. Wynn. Single specimens— S.B, : rst and 2d,
Mr. Douglas, with Fred and S. Hudson ; 3d and 4th,
Mr. Turner, with George ; 5th, Mr. Dodwell, with
Master Stanley. C.B. : 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th, Mr. Dod-
well, with two blooms of J. D. Hextall, H. K. Mayor,
and Rifleman ; 5th, Mr. Turner, with Rifleman.
P.B.B. : ibt, Mr. Dodwell, with Mrs. Austiss ;
2d, Mr. Turner, with William Skirving ; 3d,
Mr. Dodwell, with Sarah Payne ; 4th, Mr. Turner,
with William Skirving, and 5tli with James Taylor.
P.F. : rst, Mr. Turner, with Sporting Lass ; 2d, Mr.
Dodwell, widi Sarah Payne ; 3d, Mr. Dodwell, with
Squire Whitbourn ; 4th, Mr. Turner, with Sporting
Lass ; 5th, Mr. Dodwell, with Sarah Payne. S.F. : 1st
and 2d, Mr. Dodwell, with Henry Cannell ; 3d, Mr.
Dodwell, with Matador ; 4th and 5LI1, Mr. Turner, with
Flirt. R.F. ; rst and 2d, Mr. Turner, with Jessica ; 3d,
Mr. Dodwell, with Robin Hood ; 4th, Mr. Turner, with
Rob Roy ; 5th, Mr. Dodwell. with John Keet.
The champion flower was Mr. Dodwell's Robert Lord,
S. B. , shown by Mr. Turner.
Picotees. —Twenty-four blooms, not less than twelve
dissimilar.— rst, Mr. Turner, with Mrs. Webb, Her
Majesty, Mrs. Chancellor, Mr. Bower, Mr. Tulton. J. B.
Bryant, Mrs. Payne, Dr. Epps, Monarch, Baroness Eurdett
Coutts, Muriel, Morning Star, Dr. .^bercrombie, Thomas
Williams, ZerUna, Edith D'Ombrain, and Exhibition ;
2d, Mr. E. S. Dodwell ; 3d, Mr. J. Douglas. Twelve
blooms, dissimilar.— rst, Mr. E. S. Dodwell. with Mrs.
Chancellor, Royal Visit, Zerlina, Countess of Wilton,
Mrs. Payne, Muriel, Mrs. Rudd, Daisy, Arthur Med-
hurst, Ada Hannah, Edilh D'Ombrain, and Novelty ;
2d, Mr. J. Douglas ; 3d, J. F. Burnaby Atkins, Esq. ;
4th, Mr. J. Buxton. Six blooms, dissimilar. — rst.
Master Stanley Dodwell, with Zf-rlina. Mrs. Chancellor,
154
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 883.
Morna, Mrs. Payne, Dr. Epps, and Royal Visit.
2d, Mr. J. Lakin ; 3d, Mr. J. Austiss ; 4th,
Mr. W. Slack ; 5th, M. Rowan, Esq. ; 6th,
J. P. Sharp, Esq. Single bloom.— H.R. : ist and 2d,
Mr. Turner, with Dr. Epps and Dr. Abercrombie ; 3d,
Mr. Dodwell, with Mrs. Dodwell ; 4th, Mr. Douglas,
with J. B. Bryant ; 5lh, Mr. Dodwell, with Brunette.
L.R. : ist and 2d, Mr. Turner, with Thomas Williams ;
3d, Mr. Dodwell, with Mrs. Gorton; 4th and slh, Mr.
Dodwell, with Thomas Williams. H.P. : ist, 2d, and
3d, Mr. Turner ; 4th and sth, Mr. Douglas, with Mrs.
Chancellor. L.P. : ist, Mr. Turner, with Mr. Tulton ;
2d, Mr. Douglas, with Baroness Burdett Coutts ; 3d,
Mr. Turner, with Her Majesty ; 4th, Mr. Turner, with
Cynthia ; sth, Mr. Turner, with Baroness Burdett
Coutts. H.R. : Mr. Turner took all the prizes with
Mrs. Payne, Edith D'Ombrain, Fanny Helen, Mrs.
Payne, and Constance Heron. L. R. ; 1st, Mr. Turner,
with Lucy, the others all going to Mr. Dodwell for three
blooms of L'EIegant and Miss Lee. Twenty-four self
and fancies. — ist, Mr. Turner ; 2d, Mr. Lakin ; 3d, Mr.
Douglas. Twelve yellow-ground Picotees. — Mr. ist.
Turner; 2d, Mr. Douglas. Twelve selfs or fancies. — ist,
Mr. Dodwell ; 2d, Mr. Stanley Dodwell. The Cham-
pion Picotee was Mrs. Payne, heavy rose, shown by Mr.
Dodwell.
The inhabitants of Slough offered a special prize, con-
sisting of a dozen silver spoons, for a stand of twelve
blooms, six Carnations and the same number of Pico-
tees, and Mr, J. Lakin had a walk over.
The following prizes and Ceriificates were awarded to
seedlings : —Carnations : Dorothy, ist prize and First-
class Certificate in its class, rose flake, a large full flower,
pale rose, and beautifully marked ; 2d, Mr. Turner, with
Mrs. Bridgewater, a good large flower in the way of
Jessica, ist prize and First-class Certificate to Mrs.
Austiss, pink and purple bizarre, a very beautifully
formed flower, rich purple and deep rich pink, ist prize
and First-class Certificate to Samuel Barlow, crimson
bizarre, a very large flower, with the outer petals large
and shell-hke, the colours rich, with the crimson flakes
broad and clear. First-class Certificate to Squire Whit-
bourn, purple flake, the colour rich and deep, and the
petals the best formed of all the purple flakes. Picotee :
ist prize and First-class Certificate to Mrs. Webb,
heavy scarlet edge, a very large lull flower, in the way of
Constance Heron, with the white very pure.
The labours of the judges being ended, a large
number of the visitors repaired to the Camellia-house,
which for the nonce had been converted into a dining-
saloon, and here, under the presidency of G. F.
Wilson, Esq., F.R.S., ample justice was done to the
good things provided. The toast list was a somewhat
lengthy one, "loyal," " patriotic " and "special," as
became the occasion ; but the toast of the day was
that of "Our good friend and host, Mr, Turner,"
proposed in singularly happy and felicitous terms by
Mr. Shirley Hibberd, well received by the company,
and feelingly acknowledged by Mr. Turner,
\H W'^w^^^ %^^%
DORONICUM HYBRIDUM.— Some time ago I sent
to the Gardeners^ Chronicle flowers and a note of a
very fine variety of Doronicum which I have had in
my garden for three or four years. A plant of it was
shown at the Manchester spring show, by Messrs.
Rodger, McClelland & Co., of Newry, and named D.
hybridura, and I hear it is likely to be in great
demand soon, I write, therefore, to protest against
the name, as conveying a wrong impression, as there
is nothing hybrid about it. Those Composites of
which the common annual Aster and Pyrethrum
roseum are examples, are apt to become enlarged and
varied by cultivation, but I think seldom, if ever,
make hybrids. I have submitted specimens of this
Doronicum, which was raised from seed by Mr.
Harper Crewe, to the Kew botanists, and they say it
can be referred to no known species except D. plant-
agineum, of which it is probably a garden variety.
It has been in flower in my garden ever since
February, and will continue in flower till November,
growing nearly 6 feet high. C. IVoHey Dod^ Edge
HalL
Campanula turbinata and caepatica.— Mr.
Brockbank's definition of C. turbinata, that it differs
from C. carpatica in producing only one flower on a
stalk, is clear and satisfactory as explaining what he
means, and if all writers on flowers would define as
clearly the names they use it would save much misun-
derstanding. I have never, however, found any C.
turbinata which in my garden answered to this defini-
tion, and it is notorious that the seed of C. turbinata
produces C. carpatica and every intermediate form.
It is easy to say these are hybrids ; but, as I lately
pointed out, hybrids of Campanula are rare. Probably
botanists know that C. turbinata is a local variety of
carpatica. We have several similar cases amongst
native plants. The seed of the dwarf Veronica spi-
cata produces in cultivation every form up to the tall
V. longifolia. The seed of Myosotis rupicola pro-
duces in a generation or two typical M. sylvatica.
There is a very pretty dwarf Erythrsea, common on
the roadsides about Holyhead and elsewhere, growing
an inch high, and bearing forty flowers in a tuft,
larger than those of Erythri^a Centaurium ; but seed
collected from these wild plants produces the common
Centaury of our fields, a foot high. These one-
flowered Campanulas may keep their character in
some soils, but they do not in mine, C IVolley Dod^
Edge Hally Malpas, July 25.
Colnbrook Horticultural : July 25. — The pro-
moters of this show were fortunate in securing the best
possible site, in the Duke of Buccleuch's fine old park of
Ditton, near Slough, in which to hold their annual dis-
play of garden produce ; and the attractions of the exhi-
bition, combined with the fame of the park and beautiful
pleasure grounds, all thrown open to the visitors, assisted
to bring in a large assemblage from the surrounding
locality. As in other shows so here, the most attractive
features were found in the decorative groups, covering
80 square feet, and which were encouraged by no less
than six prizes, Mr. Aitkin, gr. to Mrs. Meeking, Rich-
ings Park, coming ist, with a superior and varied lot of
plants, inclusive ot a fine Cocos Weddelliana as a centre
plant, and having many good Crotons, Caladiums, Ara-
lias, Ferns, &c., lit up with some telling Liliums,
Begonias, Gladioli, and a few Orchids. Mr. Godfrey,
gr. to A. Meadows, Esq., Poyle Park, came next, the
central figure of his group being a fine Clethra arborea,
alluded to elsewhere, with several finely flowered Liiiuni
auratum and good foliage plants. The third group,
placed by Mr. Phillips, gr. to R. W. Mann, Esq ,
Langley Broom, was a very telling one as far as colour
was concerned, Liliums specially predominating.
Generally the arrangements were not of that artistic
character seen in metropolitan groups, but good use was
made of the plants at disposal. The six stove and green-
house plants staged by Mr. Aitkin were vasUy dispropor-
tioncd to the value of the small prize they won, even
though so tempting a souvenir as one of the Royal
Horticultural .Society's Silver Medals was added. These
comprised the beautiful Lagerstromia indica rosea, to
which we have elsewhere referred ; a superbly flowered
Bougainvillea glabra, an equally good Allamanda Hen-
dersoni, a glowing mass of Kalosanthes punicea, good
Croton Johannis, and a fine Kentia Fosteriana. Mr.
Godfrey had some good plants, including Vinca occulata
alba. Plumbago capensis, and Stephanotis floribundus.
In the class for Ferns Mr. Aitkin was again ist,
having, with others, fine Dicksonia antarctica, Adiantum
Cardiochlasnum, and Davallia dissecta, the latter having
beautiful fronds ; Mr. Godfrey coming 2d, with some
fine Gyranogramma, the pretty Cheilanthus eJegans, &c. ;
and Mr. Phillips 3d, his lot including a finely coloured
piece of Davallia Mooreana. Mr. Aitkin was an easy
ist with six zonal Pelargoniums, the plants well grown
and flowered, the sorts being Lucie Lemoine, Madame
Amalie Baltet, Madame Thibaut, and Wonderful,
doubles ; and Polly King and White Vesuvius, singles.
Mr. Godfrey had some smaller but excellent plants, and
was the only exhibitor of Achimenes, having some
capital clumps in pots, full of bloom, of longiflora major,
Dentoniana, Mauve Perfection, Dr. Hogg, Meteor, and
Williamsi. Mr. Aitkin had the best Begonias. Fuchsias
were well shown by this latter exhibitor, who had Lord
Beaconsfield, Mrs. Marshall, and Avalanche as fine
pyramids ; whilst Mr. Godfrey hatl two very fine standards
in Lucy Finnis and Arabella, and a good pyramid of
Mrs. Marshall. Some pretty table decorations were put
up in competition lor a good prize offered by the Rev.
Mr. Grifiiths, the Hon. Secretary, the best, a very
pleasing arrangement, being set up by Miss Jones, The
Elms, Langley, but one even more charming, set up by
Miss Meadows, was disfigured by a diagonal arrange-
ment of leaves and flowers on the cloth that was sadly
out of keeping. In another arrangement the foliage was
of the Lady Fern only, and the flowers of Water Lily
and yellow Chrysanthemum segetuni. Mr. Aitkin had
the best six dishes of fruit, including good Muscat of
Alexandria and Black Hamburgh Grapes, Brown Turkey
Figs, Dell's Hybrid Melon, fine Noblesse Poaches, and
some superb Lord Napier Nectarines. Mr. Godfrey had
good Black Alicante Grapes, Early Rivers Plums,
Elruge Nectarines, Grosse Mignonne Peaches, &c.
With three bunches of Grapes Mr. Aitkin was ist,
having fine though slightly discoloured Bowood and
Ale.\'andria Muscats, with Black Hamburgh — Mr.
Godfrey coming next with good Black Alicante, Lady
Downe's, and Black Hamburgh. There was a good
representation of fruits in the other classes, the cottagers
especially showing up well with bush fruits.
Vegetables were well shown by the gardeners, Mr.
Aitkin again coming ist, and winning yet another
Royal Horticultural Society's Medal with twelve kinds, .
a capital selection and good samples, including Cosmo-
politan Potatos, fine Williams' White Celery, Telegraph
Cucumbers, Gladiator Peas, Pragnell's Exhibition Beet,
&c. Finally, Mr. Aitken was ist with six dishes of
Potatos, having fine samples of Vicar of Laleham, Mr.
Bresee, Cosmopolitan, Radstock Beauty, Schoolmaster,
and International. Some very good samples were
shown in other collections. We must not omit mention
of a very beautiful collection of Carnations and Picotees
in pots, and several boxes of cut flowers, sent by Mr.
Turner from the Royal Nursery, Slough, and which
attracted no small share of attention.
Caterham Horticultural and Ccltage Gar-
deners' : "Jrdy 25. — This is a most v<eful Society,
combining a Gardeners' Mutual Improve ment Society,
in connection with which periodical mee ings are held,
when papers are read and discussed, and these meetings
are always well attended. The locale of the show is in
the old village of Caterham, as distinct liom that new
growth of district and population found n the thriving
Caterham Valley. The show took place, as usual, in the
grounds of the Rectory, and, the weathei being fine, was
well attended.
Outside contributions, which greatly 1 elped the show,
included four boxes of excellent cut Ro: as from Messrs.
Paul & Son, the Old Nurseries, Chesl unt, which con-
tained admirable examples of Lord Beaconsfield, Louis
d'Or, |. S. Mill, Camille Bernardin, LeopoldL, Helen
Paul, Due de Montpensier, rich shaded crimson, very
fine ; John Bright, brilliant in colour ; William Keile, a
showy Rose of the A. Colomb type ;" Dt vienne Lamy , very
fine; Mons. Boncenne, Madame Mmtet, Mons. E. Y.
Teas, Lady Sheffield, the new white Baroness, &c. This
collection was very highly commmded. Messrs. A.
Jeffkins & Co., successors to Mr. |. Cattell, nurseryman,
of Westerham, sent an interesting collection of plants,
and cut blooms of Roses and other flowers ; among the
latter were some very fine spikes of Delphiniums, such
as ran unculse flora. Pompon Brill ant, Mooreana, Alo-
pecuroides, grandiflora, &c. T hese last were much
admired, as they deserved to be. Messrs. J. Laing& Co.,
Stanstead Park Nursery, Fore.':t Hill, sent a capital
group of plants, including Begcnias and Caladiums, and
also some good cut Roses. Mr. WooUett, a local nur^
seryman, also sent an effective collection of plants and
cut flowers.
Stove and greenhouse plants were the principal fea-
ture, the best three of the fornn r coming from Mrs. S. P.
Ireland, gr. to F, B. Ryder, E^q. ; Mr. Pearman, gr. to
H. Home, Esq., being 2d. Vr. Brand, gr. to H. Gar-
dener, Esq., had the best three greenhouse plants ; Mr.
Ireland being 2d. Mr. Pearman had the best three
exotic Ferns, staging among them a handsome specimen
of Adiantum concinnum. In addition there were Cala-
diums, Begonias, Pelargoniums. Fuchsias, Balsams, lS:c.,
of fairly good quality.
The groups of plants made a nice feature, and in their
make-up displayed no little amount of taste, though a
general flatness was perceptible. Mr. Brand was awarded
the ist prize in this class, Mr. Pearman being 2d, and
Mr. Ireland 3d.
In the way of fruit Mr. Brand had the best four dishes
and Mr. Pearman the 2d best. The best two bunches
of Black Hamburgh Grapes came from Mr. Halsey, gr.
to J. G. Clarke, Esq. Mr. Pearman had the best two
bunches of white Grapes, staging good examples of
Buckland Sweetwater and Foster's Seedling. Other
fruits did not call for comment.
Vegetables were a strong feature, all classes of exhi-
bitors showing in fine form. The best collection of six
varieties came from Mr. Johnson, gr. to W. C. Straker,
Esq., a very good representative lot; Mr. Hicks, gr. to
}. E. Street, Esq., being 2d ; and Mr. Halsey 3d. There
was a good competition also in the class for four dishf s
of Potatos, Mr. Johnson being ist and Mr. Ireland zd.
Remarkably good vegetables were shown by cottagers ;
indeed, for quality they, as is now often the case, ran the
gardeners very hard.
There was a class for table decorations shown by
ladies, and here Mrs. Guimarius, of Orchardleigh, was
deservedly awarded the jst prize, being far ahead of all
other competitors.
We deeply regret to record the death, on July
30, at 12, Wellington Square, Chelsea, of Lizzie,
the dearly beloved and loving wife of Eugene
Absolon, and only daughter of Mr. Thomas Moore,
of the Chelsea Botanic Garden, aged thirty-eight
years,
We regret to hear of the death of another son
of Dr. Pateison, of Bridge of Allan, the third within
the last fifteen months. Mr. Harry Mackenzie
Paterson died on the 6th of last month (rom dysen-
tery, in Pondoland, South-East Africa, after a few
weeks' illness. The deceased went out to Africa in
January, 1S78, and a few months after his arrival he
joined the Mounted Volunteer Forces of the colony,
serving under Captain Ferreira, and with General Sir
Evelyn Wood, as Lieutenant, and latterly under
Colonel Baker, of " Baker's Horse," with the rank of
Captain. Like his brothers, Captain Paterson shared
his father's love for Orchids,
August 4, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
155
Clje micatljcr.
STA TB OF THE n'l?A THER A T BLACKHEA TU, LO^'DO^,
For the Weeic ending Wednesday, August r, 1883.
I !l
2i
Aiic
Mean 29-79
In.
29.97
39.97
3991
29.70
29.47
3960
29.89
m
a
In.
+ 0.31
f 0.21
+ 0 15
—0.06
0.28
0.17
+ 0.1.)
Temperature of
THE Air.
68.1
63.2
71.0
71.0
66.0
7S o
68.0
i ^1 o 2 e
s-s
0
SI.S"'.'S7.5
53.5 9 756-3
52.0 19. 059. 7
48.023.058.6— 3.7
Hygromc-
trical De-
ductions
from
Glaishcr's
Tables 6tli
Edition.
— 47 50.0
5.950.8
2.547 .5
0X5
'3. 557-9
21. t 62.2
4.453.7
— O.IS4.8
N.NW
I N.W.
'1 N.E.:
, N.NE.
! W. :
. S.S-W.
i W,:
,' S.W.
I W. :
S.W.
N.W.;
-W.S.W.
'In.
|o.oo
0,03
o 00
O.C9
0-03
0.04
0.07
+ 0.0368.952.1 16.858.8— 3-549-9 74 S.W. 0.25
July z6. — Dull day mostly ; fine and brieht at times. Fine
night, cloudless.
— 27. — Dull day, cold wind ; rain from 1.50 p.m. till z p.m.
Fine night.
-Fine bright day, warmer. Fine night, cloudless.
-Fine bright day, overcast from 4 p M., rain at
II P.M.
-Fine day, slight tain at times. Fine night, calm
daitc sky.
-Fine, bright, warm day, rather windy ; dark at
4.15 P.M., then rain at 4.45 p.m., and again at
8 30 P.M. Fme night.
-Kain ia early morning, fine and bright at times ;
little rain at 8 p.m. Fine at midoight.
— 28.-
— 29.-
— 30--
— 31--
Aug. I.-
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending July 28 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea increased from 29.67 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29.91 inches by midnight on
the 22d, decreased to 29.75 inches by midnight on the
23d, increased to 30.16 inches by 9 A.M., decreased
to 30.11 inches by 3 p.m., and increased to 30.18
inches by midnight on the 26th, decreased to 30.14
inches by 3 p.m. on the 27lh, and increased to 30.15
inches by midnight on the same day, and was 30.07
inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29. 9S inches, being o. 10 inch higher than
last week, and 0.04 inch above the average of the
week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 71°, on the 2Sth ; on the 27th
the highest was 63°.2. The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 65^.8.
The lowest temperature in the shade in the week
was 49°. 2, on the 22d ; on the 27th the lowest tem-
perature was 53°. 5. The mean of the seven low night
temperatures was 51°. 2.
The greatest range of temperature was 19*, on the
2Slh ; the smallest was 9*. 7, on the 27lh. The mean
of the seven daily ranges was 14°. 6.
The mean temperatures were — on the 22d, 54^.4 ;
on the 23d, 55°. I ; on the 24th, 57° ; on the 25 th,
56.°7 ; on the 26th, 57^.5 ; on the 27th, 56^.3 ; and
on the 28th, 59°.7 ; and these were all below their
averages by 7°.9, 7°.i, 5°.2, 5^5, 4^7, 5^.9, and 2°.5
respectively.
The mean temperature was 56^.7, being i°.4 higher
than last week, and 5°. 6 below the average of the
week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 125°. 5, on the 28th. The mean of the seven
readings was 1 12^.5.
The lowest reading of a thermometer placed on
grass, and fully exposed to the sky, was 41°, on the
23d. The mean of the seven readings was 43''.9.
Rain, — Rain fell on four days, to the amount of
0.35 inch, of which 0.2S inch fell on the 24[h.
England : Temperature, — During the week ending
July 28 the highest temperatures were 75°. 3 at
Brighton, 72°.2 at Bristol, and 7i°.2 at Plymouth ;
the highest, at Wolverhampton, was 63^2, at Liver-
pool 63°. 7, and at Preston 64°. 5. The general mean
was 64". 8.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 41° at
Hull, 4i°.5 at Nottingham, and 43".! at Wolver-
hampton ; the lowest temperature at Brighton, Black-
heath, and Liverpool was 49°.2. The general mean
was 46''.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 29° at Hull and 26°. r at Brighton and Cam-
bridge; the least ranges were 14^.5 at Liverpool,
I7''.5 at Preston, and iS'.g at Bradford. The general
mean was 22°. 4.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Brighton, 69^.2, at Cambridge 67". 2, and at
Plymouth 67* ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton,
59°.9, and at Liverpool and Bradford 6o".9. The
general mean was 64^.2.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Liverpool, 52^.1, at Plymouth 51°. 6, and
at Brighton 5i°.4 ; and was lowest at Wolverhamp-
ton, 46", at Hull 46^2, and at Nottingham 46''.6.
The general mean was 49°. 4.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Cambridge, 19", 8, at Hull 18". 4, and at Notting-
ham l8^3; and was least at Liverpool, 8°.8, at
Preston ii''.2, andat Bradford ii°.6. The general
mean was 14", S.
The mean temperature was highest at Brighton,
58°.4, at Plymouth 57^.4, and at Truro 56''.9 ; and
was lowest at Wolverhampton, 51°, at Bradford 53^2,
and at Hull 53^.5. The general mean was 54°. 9.
Rain. — The largest fall was 0.99 inch at Leeds,
0.60 inch at Bristol, and 0.57 inch at Liverpool j the
smallest falls were 0.08 inch at Plymouth, 0.10 inch
at Sheffield, and 0.14 inch at Cambridge. The
general mean fall was 0.33 inch,
Scotland : Ternperature, — During the week end-
ing July 28 the highest temperature was 71°, at
Glasgow and Dundee ; at Leith the highest temper-
ature was 64°. 8. The general me?n was 68°.7.
The lowest temperature in the week was 42*,
at Dundee ; at Aberdeen the lowest temperature was
47°. 3 The general mean was 44".!.
The mean temperature was highest at Dundee,
56°.8 ; and lowest at Edinburgh, 53°.5. The general
mean was 5 5°. 4.
Hain. — The largest fall was 1.60 inch, at
Aberdeen, and the smallest was 0.03 inch at
Greenock. The general mean fall was 0.46 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
Answers to Correspondents,
Errata. — At p. 116, in the letter on Melon Growing,
for Mr. " Hobson " read Mr. "Hotson." — At p. 20,
last line but one, for " Watson " read " Waterer."
Insects : W. H. M. The Oak leaves are marked all
over with small discoloured spots, at first very minute
and circular, with a very fine transparent dot in the
centre, but subsequently enlarging and becoming more
and more contluent and of large size. Both surfaces
of the leaf are entire, but the parenchyma in the disco-
loured parts seems to have disappeared. Such a pecu-
liarity might have arisen by the action of some suck-
ing insect, such as aphides ; but we much question if
this is the case here, as there are no marks of the
insects nor exuviae left upon the leaves. /, O. W.
Kentish Roses. — We are reminded that in our notice
of the Carnation and Picotee Show last week we over-
looked the fact that the Floral Committee awarded
Messrs. Geo. Bunyard & Co., of Maidstone, a silver
Bankslan Medal for twelve boxes of cut Roses. They
attracted considerable attention from their bright
colour.
Names of Plants : C. M. O. Kalmia latifoha. —
A. Af. I and 2, probably one of the numerous forms
of juniperus Sabini ; 3, Abies lasiocarpa ; 4, Juni-
per us sp — C. IV. We named the Moss on July 21
(Bryum argenteum). The Lychnis is L. coronaria. —
IK. W. I, Achillea millefolium ; 2, Senecio Jacobeca ;
3. Hypericum perforatum ; 4, Potentilla reptans. —
Leadenhnm. i, Lygodium japonicum ; 2, Pteris cre-
tica var. ; 3, Polypodium appendiculatum ; 4, Ony-
chium japonicum; 6, Pteris serrulata, crested var. —
Philomathes, i, Cenlrostemma multiflorum ; 2, Epi-
dendrum ciliare. — C M. Owai. i, Veronica salici-
folia ; 2, V. Traversii ; 3, V. elliplica. — J. R. Haig,
Holcus lanatus. — L. L. There does not appear to be
any climbing Cineraria known, but some of them grow
several feet high. There are climbing species of
Senecio, one of which is probably intended. — H. C.
A proUferous condition of Mimulus luteus.
Peas : E. T. D. There is no great merit in growing
Peas and Beans so tall as those you describe. It is
only a question of manure and a dripping season, and
the use of a ladder to gather the crops by. — E. Nott.
The old purple-podded variety.
RrciNUS : Dammann ^ Co. The leaves arrived in such
a dry shrivelled condition that we can say nothing as
to the merits of your new variety.
Rose Sport : Alfred Tatifier. The Rose blooms
which were sent are not finer in form or colour than
those ot Marie Baumann, from which the plant is
stated to be a sport, and the fine perfume of that Rose
is absent in those you forwarded ; but if the plants
are vigorous, and have greater floriferousness, it would
be an acquisition to the garden.
Strawberries : A. N. ""/ones. Your Strawberries
(Helena Gloede) came to hand very much bruised.
Had there been a httle dry moss, and only one divi-
sion used in the box, they would, we think, have
endured the transit better. Soft fruit needs some
kind of padding in the box or basket. The fla-
vour is decidedly inferior. Why grow it, when there
are so many that are better in colour, flavour, and
firmness — this last quality the greatest desideratum in
fruit for market purposes.
Strawberry Seeds : y. T. Try some of the large
seed firms. We think you would do better to send
some runners, if only a few, by post. Mr. Cannell, of
Swanley, would probably assist you in the mailer.
Vines; G. Yours is an excellent illustration of "pulling
new wine into old bottles." It is extremely difOcuU to
introduce young Vines amongst old-establislied plants.
The portion ot border into which the young Vines Hre
planted should be renewed entirely, and freed from
any possible encroachment by the roots of the e^liib-
lished plants, and the management of the liouse as to
atmosphere, temperature, &c., must be all in accord-
ance with the requirements of the young Vines. In
your case it has not been so ; the old Vines luve
robbed the younger of the proper nourishment, and
hence the failure. Why not allow the old Vines to
extend, or if other sorts are wished for, why not graft
on to the old plants ? We recommend you to consult
Barron's I'ines and Vine Culture, where this subject
is fully discussed.
Communications Received.— H. N.— Asa Gray.— R. W.—
G. T. B. (too late in the day). — H. E.G. -J. G. B.-J. B.
Armstrong.— T. S. J.— C. M. O.-N. E. Br.— M. T. M.—
A. H.— E. Mayer— C. K.-S. Y.-E. W. B.-D. T. F —
K. O'C— J. W.— H. E.— J. H.— W. B.
arluts.
CO VENT GARDEN, August 2.
Heavy supplies during the week, with prices easier.
Currants a further fall. Good samples of Cherries in
demand. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.
Cherries, J^-sieve . .
Currants, Black, %
sieve
— Red, J^-^ieve ..
Figs, per dozen
Grapes, per lb.
Gooseberries, J^-siv.
Vegetables—.
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz.
Beans, French, lb...
— Scarlet, per lb.. .
Beet, per doz.
Cabbages, per doz. . .
Carrots, new, p. bun.
Cauliflowers, Eog-
lish, dozen
Celery, per bundle . .
Cucumbers, each . .
Endive, French, per
dozen
Garlic, per lb.
Herbs, per bunch . .
Horse Radish, bund.
s.d. ,
s. d. s. d. I
7 0-13 o I Lemons, per case . . 15 0-20 o
j Melons, each . . 20-36
3 o- 3 6 I Peaches, ptv doz. . . 20-80
3 o- 4 6 J Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-36
20-.. ' — St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o
10-30' Strawberries, per lb. o 3- o g
2 6- 3 3 I
Average Retail Prices.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
20-30 per dozen .. .. i &- .,
04-.. — Cos, per dozen.. 16-..
0 4- .. Mint, green, bunch, . o 6- ..
1 o- .. Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
10-20 Onions, per buDch .. 06- ..
06-.. — Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch.. 04-..
20-30 Peas, English, quart 10-..
I 6- . ■ Radishes, per doz. .. i 6- ..
04-08 Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
20-.. Sweet Potatos, lb. . . 06- ..
10-.. Tomatos, per lb. .. 10-..
02-04 Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
30-40 Vegt. Marrows, each 03-04
Potatos much diseased, aud trade bad :
Potatos. — Jersey
Kent Kidneys, ;£$ to p^d per ton.
Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Phices.
Aralia Sieboldii, per
dozen .. ..12
Arbor-vila; (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6
— (common), dozen 6
Asteis, per doz. .. 4
Begonias, per doz. . . 6
Bouvardia, doz. ..12
Caladiums, per doz. 6
Calceolarias, dozen... 4
Cockscombs, doz. .. 4
Coleus, doz 3
Dracaena term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz . . 12
Erica, various, doz. 12
Euonymus, various,
per dozen . . . . 9
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6
Cut Flowers.-
s.
Abutilon, 12 bunches 2
Asters, 12 bunches.. 4
— French, per bun. i
Bouvardias, per bun. t
Canteibury Bell, bun. i
Carnations, 12 blms. i
— 12 bunches .. 3
Cornflower. 12 bun,, i
Dahlias, 12 bun. .. 4
Delphinium, p. bun. o
Eucharis, per doz. .. 4
Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladioli, 12 spikes., i
Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, :
blooms
— red, 12 blooms
Liliums, 12 bun, ..12
Lavender, 12 bun. .. 6
s. d. 5. d.
0-24 o
0-18 o
0-12 O
0-80
0-12 o
0-18 o
0-24 o
0-90
0-90
0-60
0-60 o
0-24 o
0-36 o
0-18 o
0-24 o
s. d. r. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4 9-18 o
Ficus elastica, each i &- 7 o
Fohage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozea 40-90
Hydrangea, per. doz. 9 o-?4 o
Lilium longiflorum,
per dozen.. .. 18 0-42 o
Liliums, various, doz. 12 0-30 o
Lobehas. per dozen 30-60
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ,.12 0-24-0
Mignonnctte, doz, .. 40-60
Mynles, per doz. ., 6 0-12 o
Palms in varieiy.each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . 20-60
— decorative, doz. 6 o-iS 0
■Average Wholesale Prices,
d. s. d.
Marguerites, 12 bun. 6
Mignonette, 12 bun. 6
Marigolds, izbun. .. 2
Myosotis, or Forget-
me-not, p. f2 bun. 2
Pansies, 12 bunches o
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. o
— zonal, 12 sprays 3
Picotees, 12 bun. .. 2
Primula, double, bun. i
Pyrethrum. 12 bun. . 3
Roses (indoor), doz. 2
— (outdoor),i2bun. 3
— coloured, doz. . . 3
Stephanotis, 12 &pr. 2
Stocks, 13 bunches.. 3
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 3
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 4
Trop^eolum, 12 bun. i
Whue Jasmine, bun. o
10-20
10-30
30-60
16-40
4 o- 8 o
06-10
40-60
20-40
30-60
16-40
06-10
30-60
9 o
d, s. d.
0-90
o- q o
0-40
0-60
9-16
6- I o
0-60
0-60
0-16
0-60
0-60
0-60
c- 8 o
6-40
0-60
0-60
0-60
c- 2 o
6-10
SEEDS.
London ; Aug. i. — The trade now doing in farm
seeds is as nearly nil Sl^ possible ; indeed, no disposition
whatever is shown to make forward purchases. Red
Clover seed promises to be a large crop in America.
French Trifolium is slightly dearer. Some choice new
Rape seed is now offering at very moderate rates.
Mustard for sowing continues in fair demand. Feeding
I.,inseed is firm. 'Jolm Shaio 6^ Sons, Seed Merchants,
y^, Mark Lane, London, E. C.
156
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1883.
"ART WITH ECONOMY."
Illustrated Catalogue of Ornamental Conservatories.
Plans, prices, and particulars of GROWING HOUSES.
NURSERYMEN'S CHEAP GREENHOUSES,
PLANT FRAMES &c.
CHEAP ART SUMMER-HOUSES.
Prospectus of Works of Reference on
Horticultural Buildings and Hot-water Heating.
By F. A. FAWKES, F.P.H.S.
Any of the above Post-free on application to
T. H. P. DENNIS & CO.,
MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.C.
Works : CHELMSFORD.
^r-\^
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without exception the most useful kind of
F'rame for Plant Growinn, and every one wiih a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —
6 feel long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free, £i 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 4150
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 3 'S o
12 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ ,, _ ,. 6 10 o
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
B. HALLIDAY & CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON.
MANCHESTER.
HELLIWELIi'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY
REQUIRL^ NO oiTTQipp PAINT TNG.
Adupted by His Royal Highricss the Prince of Wale?.
Bauksian Medal of Ro>al Horticultural Society.
Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woolwork: Covered.
Plans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; acd
8, Victoria Chambers. Westminster, S.W.
No. 75. MELON or CUCUMBER FRAMES.
CASH PRICES—Carriage Paid.
No. X .. .. 8 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .• £3 7 6
No. 2 .. .. 12ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 4 17 6
No. 3 .. .. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 676
These Frames are 13 mches deep in front, and 34 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with a strong iron
strengthening rod, and one handle to each light. All painted four
coats of best oil colour, the lights being glazed with best 21-oz.
English glass.
B O I L E B S,
For heating all kinds o( Horticultural Buildings.
NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY. FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
THE CENTRAL IRONWORKS COM-
PANY, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, ENGI-
NEERS, and IRON MERCHANTS, =5', Waterloo Rosd,
London, S.E. Manufacturers' Prices with Catalogues on appli-
cation, for Hot-water Pipes and Connection, all sizes : also
Boilers and Fittirgs, all Sizes — Wrought and Cast-iron. All
other Desciiptions of Goods for Horticultural Requirements in
Stock.
BAYLISSiJ
JONES ,^
• Catalogues •
: .free/; :
Manufactory; Vict6naWork'S;Wbiver]iai^^^
i-ON D ON, OF F I C E ,3, C Rob K E 6 =1 A N E , K I NG WIL L I A M S j,
Couservafcorlea and Greenliouses, &o.
H FREEMAN and SONS, Horticul-
• TL'RAL EuiLDEKsand HoT-v/ATEK ENGINEERS, Cam-
bridge Heath Bridge, Hackney, E. — Good substantially made
GREENHOUSES, Glazed ready for Fi.xin;;, 2i feet by 13 leet,
£25 ; 12)^ feet by 10 feet. ^15 ; 10 feet by 5 feet. £8. SPAN-
ROOF CONSERVATORY, 30 feet by 17 feet. £60; zi feet by
13 leet, £31 JOS ; 13 feet by 8 feet, .iiS. LIGHTS, Sic, in
Stock.
L^SSHOUSES&»EATi-NG:
xHrCHCATE i^OAD .LONDON.
.N.W^.J
TENANT'S FIXTDRE GREENHOUSES,
made in lights and easily
erected, lower part
framed and panelled ;
painted two colours.
I mproved Ventilating
Geaiing for houses over
12 feet long. Glazed
with 21-oz, Glass, and
Painted 3 coats of good
oil colour. , .- j t' 1. • ? 1 /■
Specimen size, iz feet by 8 Teet, ^.5 3*- ^ '• For brickwork, ;£20.
LEAN-TO HOUSES
for building against existing
walls, similar to above, 15ft.
by 10 feet, £2^, or for brick-
work, i^iQ. Portable Cu-
_^ ^_^ cumber Frames, painted 3
i^wJ^'^^r' T^fnf coats, glazed 21-oz. glass,
2-light Frame. 6 feet by
3 feet, £3 4J. 6d. Cases 4s.,
allowed when returned.
All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station.
Illustrated Catalogue free on applicaiton.
C. FRAZER, Horticultural Builder, Palace Plain, Norwlcll.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E,C.
W H LASCELLES AND CO will give Estunates for every
description of HORIICULTURAL WORK, free ot charge
and send competent ass^islants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours. _ T. v-n
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Eunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G.
Illustrated Lists ot Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
s?nt post-free on application. __^
DAVID LO^/V E & SONS,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS
AND
HOT-WATEE ENGIHEEES,
GILMORE PARK, EDINBURGH ; and CORNBROOK,
CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.
Plans and Estimates on application for every description of
Horticulttiral Buildings in Wood or Iron.
Garden Frames and Sashes in Stock,
^^ 21 02. Foreign, of the following *J^J*
^ Blzes, In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, '
Sda and 4tlis qualities always kept In stock ;—
2oX:8
22X18
24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All destviptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
from
GEORGE FARMILOE & EONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
%i, St. Jolm'B Street, West SmltUleld, London, Ea
>^^
I4X 12
20X 12
20X14
20X16
16X12
16X14
20X15
22X16
18X12
18X14
1SXI6
24X16
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
lain , zoin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by i3 in , in i6-oz.
and 2r-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases.
TEN SILVER
AWARDED
MEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston si;i'ER-MARE, Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green- ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, dd. Boolt of Designs, \s,
Bosber'B Garden Edging Tiles.
IHE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
^,, once put down, incur no
—^ further labour or expense,
as do " grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfnais, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c.,
from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining WaUs of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SILVER SAND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
orTruckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves,
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
TONE EDGING for KITCHEN
GARDENS or Walks under Trees, &c., lo to iz inches
deep, 3 to 4 feet long, made from the best Yorkshire Flagstone ;
indestructible. Price, ready for laying, ij. per lineal yard. Also
Flags and Steps for Conservatories, Terraces, &c. — Address,
THE GREAi: SLEAD QUARRY. Brighouse, Yorkshire.
REGISTERED ^TUBULAR FLOWER
STAKES, 2 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINERS,
6 feet by 4 feet, 21. M. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 feet
long, 6a!,; TRELLISING, fromz^i. square foot. HURDLES,
from IS. ARCHES, from 101. POT STANDS, from 61.
HANGING BASKETS from 6d. GATES, FENCING^
NETTING, &c. Illustrated LISTS on application.
BROOEXS & CO., 4. Caleaton Street, Manchester.— Estab. 1769.
BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 feet. The largest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN. Dutton Street, Liverpool.
ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, RafFia, Mats, Bamboo Caiies, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Thames St., London, E.C.
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
S M ITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Mttal, with raishd
BLACK-FACED LETTEKS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."*
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon.
ELECTRIC THERMOMETERS,
for CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, &c.
This Apparatus is most reliable for noting a rapid rise or
fall of temperature from any cause, and giving timely notice of
It by Bell to Gardener's house or elsewhere.
Houses fitted with ELECTRIC BELLS, BURGLAR
ALARUMS, LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS, &c.
Prices on application. Catalogue three stamps.
FRANCIS AND CO , Eagle Telegraph Works, Hatton
Garden, E C.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
and general horticultural purposes.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds.
Yorkshire.
August 4, iSSj.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
^bl
Ko. 18.-Gold Medal Boiler.
No. 43.- Dome-Top BoUer.
STEVEN BROS. & CO.,
IRONFOUNDERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF HOT-WATER APPARATUS,
35 and 36, UPPER THAMES ST., LONDON, E.G.
No. 28. -Terminal End
Boiler.
iinm.
missiii
j. j. ^_
VENTILATING CREEN HOUSE CEAniNO
N'l
Illustrated Pi-ifc Lnt on
application. Special Prices
quoted ^or ijuantitics.
Oard?n Rollers.
TIic Largest and Best Slock of Hol-waley
Boilers, Pipes, Connections, Coil Boxes, Coil
Cases, Furnace Fillings, O^c, in London.
Single and Doiildc Cylinder dirden
Rollers with wooden handles. Pi ices on
application.
GOVERNMENT CONTRACTOES BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT.
S. OWENS & CO.,
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS,
JVHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.G.
THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.
This useful Self-acting Appar.itus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
;x^ any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
'- ■"~" suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Ruildings, Railway Stations, &c.
No. 37. DEEP WELE PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.
No. 63. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or
Steam Power. [Gardens, &c
No. 46,1. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. 50 and 54,7. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.
No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.
No. i\b. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the
Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.
No. 4(. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
No. 4. CIST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.
No. 39i5. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for
Garden use.
S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hydraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS. B.\THS, DRYING CLOSETS, G.\SWORK.S, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c,, &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates furnished.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes,
Illustrated CATALOGUE, i^tk edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Patent Reliance Eotary Valves.
Fourth Edition. Price is.
ON GROWING ROSES OUTOF-DOORS.
By rev. o. fisher.
Jjondon : BRADBtJIlY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.
158
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1883.
THE GARDENERS;^ CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Line c^tar^ed as tiao.
4 Lines , . . . ;£o 3 o 15 Lines . . . . ;£o 8 6
6 „ .. .. o 3 6 16 „ .. ..090
6 , o 4 o 17 „ .. ..096
7 „ .. .. o 4 6 18 „ .. .. o 10 o
8 , o 5 o 19 , o 10 6
9 „ .. ,. o 5 6 20 „ .. ■- o II o
10 , 060 21 „ .. .. o II 6
11 „ .. .. o 6 6 22 „ .. .. o iz o
12 , 070 23 „ .. -. o 12 6
13 , 076 24 „ .. .. o 13 o
14 ,, .. .. o a o 25 ,. .. -• o 13 6
AND SIXPENCE FOE EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.
If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J.
Page ^900
Half Page 5 o o
Colunm 350
GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words i^. 6<^., and (id. for every additional line
[about 9 words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID,
IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against havtjig Letters addressed to Initials at Post-opices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened hy the autJwrities and
retuT^ted to the settder.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, s^- each insertion.
Advertisements for the current xvcck must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.
All Subscriptions payable in advance.
The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,\ 31, \od. ; 6 Months,
\\s. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s.
Foreign (excepting; India and China) ; including Postagej
£1 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, jCi 8j. 2d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C. to W. Richards,
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
NETTING for Fruit Trees, Seed Beds,
Ripe Strawberries, &c.— TANNED NETTING for
protecting the above from Frost, BliEht, Birds, &c., 2 yards
wide, izd. per yard, or 100 yards, 16s. ; 4 yards wide, 43. per
yard, or 50 yards, i6s. NEW TANNED NETTING, suited
for any of the above purposes or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards
wide, 6d. per yard ; 4 yards wide, is. per yard ; |^-inch mesh,
4 yards wide, is. 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 5J. and 6s. per
piece of 20 yards.— EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7, Crooked
Lane, London Bridge, E.C.
ICK CLOTHS. GARDEN NETTING,
&c.— RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS. SACKS, and
every requisite for Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post-
fiee. Can be obtained of HENRY VAN and CO., 17, Tooley
Street, London, S.E.. who also supply GARDEN NETTING.
2 yards wide, i%fi. ; and 4 yards wide, 2^. per yard.
SCRIM CANVAS, I yard wide. 30?. ; 1% yard, 4^^. ; and
2 yards, 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in pieces
of 20 yards each, at 3s, 6d. per piece.
RICK CLOTHS- RICK CLOTHS.
Before purchasing, send for Samples
and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSON, who
can supply a splendid article at a low
price.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
TH08. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, pfeet long, 4^. -^d. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, g feet long, ^^s. 6d. each.
Price List an applicatiott,
UNDER SPECIAL ROYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders in Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sheep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
;^2 i6j. 6(/. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and sea that the
name, DAY. SON & HEWITT, Is on aU Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON,
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark.)
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the advertisers, and
its Kenuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hnndreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" Pierce/leld Park, June 21, 1876. — Sirs. — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black vamish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Vamish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."
CAUTION. — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Vamish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, siamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every caik is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Feticing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c. , sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 180, Buchanan
Street, Glasgow.
Accidents !-64, CornMll.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost I Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company, The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;£ 1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;£25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;£ 1,840.000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64, Comhill, London.
WILLIAM j. VIAN, Secretary.
Lithographic Coloured Plates of Vegetables, Fruits,
FLOWERS. &c, or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
CATALOGUES.
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, LITHOGRAPHER
to the Royal Academy, 15, Rue du Boulevard, Brussels.
Established 1829. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Natural History. Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that maybe required, and Estimates will
be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER. 149, Kingsland Road, London. E.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ,jC2oo,ooo. — Reserve Fund, ;£7S,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ^ro to
;C50oo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal
Also upon life policies and deeds from £$ per cent, from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
/epayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ;C25o,ooo per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
(Established 1867.)
THE FLORIST and POMOLOGIST,
and SUBURBAN GARDENER for AUGUST, contains
Coloured Plates of CAMELLIA EUGISnE MASSIN.A, and
the AMERICAN MOTHER APPLE ; and Notices of the
Pelargorium and National Rose Society's Shows.
The JULY or TULIP NUM BER contains a full record of tbe
Royal National Tulip Show, with a Portrait of S. Barlow, Esq.
The JUNE or AURICULA NUMBER gives an equally
full record of the National Auricula Society, South and North
Sections, with a Portrait of the Rev. F. D. Horner.
The Coloured Plates for July are BEGONIA THOMAS
MOORE and the HUMBOLDT NECTARINE.
Those for June are RHODODENDRON BALSAMIN.,^-
FLORUM, and the WASHINGTON APPLE.
Issued Monthly, with a variety of useful information, and a
Register of Novelties. Price is.
London ; KENT and CO., 23, Paternoster Row, E.C.
HORTICULTURAL or DAIRY FARM.
—A Gentleman wishes to obtain a PARTNERSHIP
in either of the above employments. The strictest investiga-
tions will be made. Advi^niser would be willing to Break
Fresh Ground provided he could meet with a sound practical
man.— H. S.. Mr. Geo. Phillips, 8, Regent Street, S.W.
Principals or Solicitors only.
WANTED, a HEAD WORKING
GARDENER, where one ether is kept. Must well
understand Stove, Greenhouse Plants, and Vegetables, and have
a good character as a willing, obliging, hard-working man.
One who understands Cows preferred. Must find his own
cottage. — Apply by letter with all particulars, age, wages,
qualifications, character, &c., to F. HAIGH, Esq., Wood-
lands, Bickley, Kent.
"DEQUIRED, for September I, a HIGH-
Xl) CLASS GARDENER, who will also undertake Super-
vision of Stock. Sixty acres of Grass.— Col. LOCKWOOD,
Bishop's Hall, Chigwell Row, Essex.
ANTED, a GARDENER, who thoroughly
understands Grape Growing, Plants, Vegetables, and
Fruit, and is willing to make himself generally useful in house
work. Wages 215. per week, with lodging. Must be single.
Age preferred, from 25 to 30. — Apply by letter, to H. C,
37, Bamsbury Street, Upper Street, Islington, N.
ANTED, a GARDENER, and his Wife
as COOK, without a family. — They must understand
their work and have good characters. To live in a smill family
within 10 miles of the south of London. — Apply, by letter,
L. S., Messrs. Dawson & Sons, 121, Cannon Street, E.C.
ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER
(good), without children, for a single-handed place. —
Boots and Knives to clean. Wages 20J,, cottage and vegetables.
State age, experience, and full particulars. — Address, by letter,
GARDEN, May, 159, Piccadilly, W.
ANTED, a FOREMAN, in Large
Private Gardens ; married, and without family. Well
experienced in Fruit and Flower Culture under Glas*;. Would
have men under charge, but be subservient to Head Gardener.
First-class character requisite. Wages 20J. and cottage. — Apply
through JOHN LAING and CO., Nurseries. Forest HUl.S.E.
WANTED, for 20 miles from London,
a MAN and WIFE— man as Gardener, with care of
Pig and 2 Cows (no glass}, wife as thorough Laundress.
Lodge to live in. No encumbrance. — Apply by letter to G. D,
DIETZ, The Warren, Fairmill, Cobham, Surrey.
CANADA. — A Nurseryman in Ontario
REQUIRES the Services of a competent and trust-
worthy MAN, who, besides being able to Raise Bedding
Plants, can Grow Orchids, Mushrooms and Cucumbers, and
can make up Bouquets and Wreaths. A married man without
family preferred.— Apply, in first instance, to W., Gardeners'
Chronicle Qidc^, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
ANTED, AT ONCE, in the Rose Depart-
ment, a young MAN, under the Foreman, quick at
Budding, with a knowledge of House-work, Wages. iZs. per
week.— Particulars to EDWIN HILLIER, Winchester.
ANTED, a young MAN, used to Bud-
ding. Grafting, and usual Nursery Work. Eighteen
shillings per week, and a permanency. — Send references to
H. MARSHALL, Nursery, Bamham, Bognor.
WANTED, a young MAN, about 20, to
grow Plants and Flowers for Market,— Age, wages,
and references to J. GRIFFIN, Florist, Birkdale, Southport.
WANTED, TWO young~MEN, in a Market
Nursery.— HOWARD'S Nursery, Southgate, N.
Lawn Foremaji.
WANTED, a married MAN, about 30 or
upwards, with small family. Must be a good Mower,
and understand Roses, Bedding-out, &c. — W. OWEN, The
Gardens, Harrow Weald Park, Stanmore.
WANTED, an energetic MAN, used to
Outdoor Nursery work. Must be able to Bud Roses.
—State references, wages expected, &c., to J. BRYSON,
Parkend Nursery, Helensburgh. N.B,
ANTED AT ONCE, for the Counting-
House of a leading establishment, an efficient BOOK-
KEEPER, to take the principal charge. To a persevering,
sober, and industrious man, this would be found a permanent,
progressive, and comfortable appointment. None need apply
whose character will not bear the strictest investigation. — Apply,
stating age, reference, and silary expected, to COKK,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
A Nurseryman in the Environs of London Is in
WANT of a thoroughly competent and
energetic MAN to take charge of his Counting House,
with a view to ultimate Partnership. — Address, with full par-
ticulars, X. Y. Z., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
ANTED, an experienced COUNTER-
MAN, who has been accustomed to, and responsible
for the correct execution of orders. Wages 30J. per week to
commence with. — Address, with full particulars, as to age and
experience, B. & S., r2, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
WANTED, about Christmas, a competent
person, to live on premises and MANAGE a Retail
Corn and Seed Business; a permanency; married, without
family preferred.— Apply, stating age, previous experience,
with references, and salary required, to E. J. J ARM AN,
Merchant, Chard, Somerset.
WANTED, a thoroughly experienced HEAD
SHOPMAN or MANAGER for a rapidly increasing
Seed Business in a large provincinl town. If able to invest
.£400 or ;C503 would be given a share of the business. — C. S. S.,
Hurst & Son. i^a. Honndsditch, E.C.
ANTED, a WAREHOUSE PORTER.
Must be well used to Stacking and able to Pack Orders.
— HY. CLARKE and SONS, Seed Merchants. 37, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
WANTED, a HANDY MAN.— A situa-
tion is open for a first-class Handy Man, accustomed
to Horses and Garden Work. Must be willing to work, and
have a first-rate character. Wages 255-. a week, with ihree-
roomed cottage. Not over 35 years of age, nor have more than
two children.— HOUSEKEEPER, 64, Mark Lane, E.C.
WANTED, for a first-class Florist's
Business, a young Lady as IMPROVER. — Apply, by
letter only, stating age, experience, and salary required, to
W. BALCHIN, SilLvood Conservatory, 87, Western Road,
Brighton.
August 4, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
159
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRUJERSand OTHERS.
Post-ofUce Orders and Postal Orders shoiM
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE^
B. LAIRD AND SONS (late DOWNIE &
• Laird) can at present rcconmietid with every confi-
dence several first-rate SCOTCH GARDENERS, whose
character and abilities may be thoroughly depended upon,
either for Large Establishments or Sint;le-handed Siluatinns ;
also FOREMEN. UNDER GARDENERS, and FARM
Bailiffs. — 17, Frederick Street, Ldinbiirgh.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.
JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 218. High Holborn, W.C.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly ti ceiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
ihey will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
I^Tticutars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
T7I G. HENDERSON and SON
J-J • have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and good character waiting re-engagements
as HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman rcquirmg such. — Pine-
apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W,
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY" (John Cowan), Limited, are in a position
to recommend a thoroughly competent man as GARDENER,
or as GARDENER and BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requiring such.
GARDENER (Head), where more are kept.
— Age 27, married ; excellent testimonials from present
and previous situations. — J. E., Scampston Gardens, Rillingtcn,
York.
GARDENER (Head), where two are kept.
— Age 28, single : thoroughly practical in all branches
of the profession. Good references. Piease state wages. — J.
RGFE, Market Place, Cranbrook. Kent.
ARDENER (Head). — Married ; twenty
years' experience. Eight years' good character from
present employer. — T, WARD, The Gardens, Alwarke Hall,
Rotherham, Yorkshire,
ARDENER (Head).— Age 31 ; under-
Stands the profession in all its branches. First-class
references and character. — W. MARTIN, Trusham, Bovey
Tracey, Devon.
GARDE NER (Head).— Age 40, married, no
family ; well experienced in all branches. Fifteen years'
personal character. —A. BURT, Pebble Coonibe, Headley,
£psom.
AR.de NER (He.^d).— Middle-aged,
married, no family ; thorough practical knowledge of the
profession. Would take charge of the mansion during the
family's absence. Good characters. — F. C , New Road, Har-
lio^ton, Middlesex.
ARDENER (Head) ; age 29, single at
present.— J. Smith. Gardener to the Right Hon, Lady
Ashbuiton, Addiscombe Farm, Croydon, is open to engage
as above to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical man. —
Address as above.
ARDENER ^HE.iD)?— Age 40, married,
one son (age 13). Has had twenty-five years' experience
in several first-class gardens. Is competent to undertake the
Management of a good place. Good references.— S. W., 81,
Lot's Road, King's Road. Chelsea, S.W.
ARDENER (Head).— H. W. Ward,
Gardener to the Earl of Radnor, Longford Castle, Salis-
bury, can, with every confidence, recommend his Foreman, H.
Maikham, who has been with him two and a half years, to any
Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a first-rate
Gardener. First-class reference as to character and ability.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 42 ; has been
with the Marquis of Donegall twelve years, who has
given up the tenancy of the Hamsiead estate through ill health.
Testimonials of the highest character as a professional Gardener
and practical manager. Thirty years' experience. — J. M., The
Gardens, Hamstead Park, Newbury, Berks.
GARDENER (Head); age 2,3, married, one
boy (eight years).— T. Usman, for the last six years
Head Gardener and Orchid Grower to the late R. B. Dodgson,
Esq , will be pleased to treat with any Nobleman or Gentleman
requning the services of a thoroughly practical Gardener. He
is well known to be a highly successful Grower and Exhibitor
of Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. ; is well versed
in the Culture of High-class Fruits and the General Manage-
ment of a large Establishment : in proof of which the highest
te.nimomals will be produced.— T. OSMAN, Wroxall Abbey
Gardens, Hatton. near Warwick.
r:j.ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33,
^^ married : thoroughly practical and competent in all
branches, Indoor and Out. Twelve and three years' excellent
rererences.-T. ROBERTS, Glebelands Road, Ashton-on-
Mersey, Manchester.
/TJ. ARDENER (Working), with Assistance.
^-^ _ —Married, no family ; thorough practical man of twenty
years experience. Good Plant and Fruit Grower. First-class
reference from present employer of over three years.— GAR-
DENER, Bournbrook Hall, Birmingham.
(^ARDENER (Head Working) j age^y',
p^ single.— J. Stevenson, Gardener to the Rt. Hon U
U Bentinck. M.P., Brownsea, Poole, Dorset, will be glad to
recommend his Foreman as above, who has been wuh him
several years.
GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 38,
married ; thoroughly practical. 'I'wenty years' ex-
perience. Good character, — A. B., 86, Mallesson Road,
Wandsworth Common, Surrty, S.W,
ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,
married, no family ; twenty-five years' practical experience
in all branches. Six years' good character. Abstainer — J. W. ,
6, P Street, Queen's Park Estate, Hariow Road, N.
C:j.ARDENER (HEAD Working), where two
^ or more are kepi.— Age 41 ; understands the Manage-
ment of Vines. Two years' good character ; seventeen years in
previous place. Left through death — G. B., Post Office, Wye,
Kent.
ARDENER (Head Working), where not
less than two under men are kept, — Age 35, married, no
family; twenty years' practical experience in all branches of
the profession. Good character. — GARDENER, Smiths
BookM:i!l, Eastbourne.
C:j.ARDENER (Head Working), or GAR-
■* DENER and BAILIFF, where more are kept — Middle-
aged, married, no family ; thoroughly respectable, trustworthy,
and energetic Thoroughly experienced m all branches of the
profession. First-class character. Leaving through the estate
being given up. — A. B., Glencar, Shooter's Hill, Kent.
GARDENER (Head), or FORESTEr!^
The Advertiser is open for an engagement with any Lady
or Gentleman, in the above capacity of Head Gardener or
Forester combined. Has had large experience in both depart-
ments, and is now leaving present situation, after twenty-two
years' service, owing to the death of his late employer, and con-
sequently a great reduction in estate expenses. Can produce
the most satisfactory references for character and abilities. —
Mr. ROBERT CRAIG, The Gardens. Levens Hall, Miln-
thorpe ; or Messrs. DICKSON, BROWN and TAIT, Seed
Merchants, Manchester, where full information can be had.
GARDENER. — Age 40, married, no family;
Wife small Laundry. Good character from last place.
— A. B,, 9. Victoria Terrace, St. Alban's, Herts.
GARDENER, where two or more are kept. —
Age 33, married: understands the Cultivation of Vines,
Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen
Gardening, Five and a haU years,' good character from present
place.— F. ROLFE, Fulbroks. Worcester Park, Surrey.
C:j.ARDENER.— Mr. Smith, Culford Gardens,
VJ Bury St. Edmonds, will be glad to recommend his Fore-
man, Charles Baker, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the
services of a thorough good practical Gardener, of very steady
persevering habits. Has been with him three years, and can be
well recommended.
GARDENER (Single-handed, or good
Second). — Age 28. married : understands Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Six years' cha-
racter.—F., 443, Edgware Road, W.
GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed).
Age 22 ; well up in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines,
&c. — Eight years' experience. Good character. Total abstainer.
— W. G. M., Soulhdean Manse, Hawick, N.B.
r:i ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's
VJ place.— Age 21 ; nearly two years' good character from
astplace.— J, W,, Mrs. Etiis, Hayes, Beckenham. Kent.
ARDENER (Under). — Age i6 ; highly
recommended.— W. S., i, Sussex Square, Hyde Park,
London, W.
GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's
establishment.— Age 20 ; can be highly recommended.—
D. W., Laundrus, Queen Street, Hemel Hempstead, Herts.
ARDENER (Under), Indoors and Out.—
Age 18 ; respectable ; five years' experience. Good refer-
ence^—E. J. F.. High Street, Reigate.
GARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
ment.— The Gardener, Burley Lodge, Newbury. Berks,
can with confidence recommend a young man as above. Strictly
steady and an excellent workman.
GARDENER (Under), where two or three
are kept.— Age 19; under:^tands Kitchen and Flower
Garden, and has had a fair experience of Indoor Work. Hothy
preferred —Address, stating wages and particulars, to HEAD
GARDENER, Ball's Park. Hertford.
ARDENER (Under), or JOURNEY-
MAN, in a good establishment.— Age 21.- J. W.,
Heathfield, near Berkeley, Gloucestershire.
FOREMAN, in a Gentleman's garden.—
Bothy preferred. Three years' good character. — T
MOSS, Titley. Herefordshire.
FOREMAN.—Age 25 ; thoiough knowledge
of Vines, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c.
First-class references. — F. BIBLE, VVoodfield. Stevenaee
Herts.
Tj^OREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age
-A. 28. single ; twelve years' experience in all branches. Can
be well recommended.- A. B. C, 14, Faulkner Street, Bishop's
Fields. Chester.
"C^OREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 25 ;
-t- two years' good character, eleven years' experience,
— W.HERBERT, Leyswood Gardens, Groombridge,Tunbiidge
Wells, Sussex.
FOREMANjin the Houses.— Aged 26, single ;
understands Forcing, Propagating. Fruit, and Plant
Growing in all branches. Can be highly recommended from
previous situations. State wages, &c.— C. DUMPER, Church
Road, Highfield, Southampton.
FOREMAN, in the Houses.— W. Stephens,
for nearly three years Foreman at Basing Park Gardens,
seeks re-engagement as above ; ten years' practical experience
in all departments. First-class references.— Ham Manor Gar-
dens, near Worthing, .Susse.x.
"C^OREMAN, or SECOND in a good establish-
-i- ment. — Age 22 ; five years' experience. Good references.
—A. KNIGHT, The Gardens, Conyngham Hall, Knares-
borough, Vorkihire.
To Nuraerymen.
FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR,
or GROWER of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants.-Middle-
aged ; thoroughly acquainted with Market Work in general, and
a buccesbful Grower of Mignonette. Total abstainer. — W. T.,
4, Edith Villas, Raynham Road, Edmonton.
X^'OREMAN PROPAGATOR aTd
-L grower of Plants and Choice Cut Flowers lo supply
a first-class trade ; Grape.-;, Cucumbers, &c. Also a knowledgo
of Shrubs, Roses, &c.— H. G., Giirdtnera' ChronicU Office,
4r, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
GENERAL FOREMAN, or GROWER.—
Age 34 : well up in all branches Inside acd Out, Wreaths,
Bouquets, Seeds, Decorating, &c. Good reference.— F., Mid-
Surrey Nurseries, Benhill Street, Sutton, Surrey.
ROPAGATOR, in a Nursery. — Single ;
good experience. Can be well recommended. Perma-
nency required.- C. S., Langton House, East Molesey, Surrey.
"PROPAGATOR, under Foreman, Hard or
-i- Soft-wooded.-- Age 21 ; seven years' experience.— W. C,
15, Delaford Street, Crown Road, Fulhum, W.
JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses,—
t/ Age 22 ; eight years' experience. Two years' good
character from present situation.— CHAS. SURMAN, High
Street, Witney. Oxon.
JOURNEYMAN, where three or four are
kept.— Age 21 ; good character. — W. ROBERTSON,
Croydon Road, Reigate.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ';
eight years' experience. Nearly two years' good
character— three years' previous from a Nobleman, if required.
-E. v., Prospect Place, West Drayton, Middlesex.
nnO NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser (age 24,
-J- single) requires a situation in the Houses. Ten years'
experience in leading London nurseries. Five years' good
character.— F. CHAPPELL, Scotland Green, Ponders End,
Middlesex.
TMPROVER. — Age 19 ; six years' good
-A- references.— A. B., Mr. Campbell, The Gardens, Mickle-
over Manor, near Derby.
To Nuraerymen.
NURSERY MANAGER.— The Advertiser
is open to an engagement as above ; has had twenty-
five years' practical experience, and possesses the higliest
references; would take the Management oi Glass, Herbaceous,
and Alpine Department (in which he is well up) in a large
concern.- R. B. W., 16, Market Place, Kendal.
To the Trade.
MANAGER of a Nursery, HEAD SHOP-
MAN, or both. — First-class Bouquet Maker. Nine
years with one of the most successful prizetakers in England.
Unexcepiional references, and total abstainer.— T. JONES,
Fearnley Street. Watford, Herts.
To Nurserymen and Seedsmen.
BOOK-KEEPEK, CLERK, SHOPMAN,
or could Manage a Business.— Age 38 ; first-class refer-
ences.— A, B., 153, High Street, Harboine, Birmingham.
SHOPMAN.— Age 23; well up in the Retail
Seed and Bulb Trade ; eight years' experience. Highly
recommended.— A. B., 3, Park Terrace, Cavendish Road.
Balham, S.W.
SHOPMAN.— Age 23 ; well up in the Retail
Seed and Bulb Trade. Eight years' experience. Highly
recommended.— A. B., 354, Fairfield Terrace. York Road,
Wandsworth, S.W.
SHOPMAN (SECOND).— Well up in the
Retail Seed and Bulb Trade. Six and a ha!f years' ex-
perience. Good Penman.— W. F., 3, Church Lane. Cheshunt.
Herts.
HOPMAN (Assistant), NURSERY
CLERK, or TRAVELLER. -Age 25 : nine years' first-
class experience, best departments, Nursery and Seed Business.
— W. H. SMITH'S Bookstall, West Drayton, Middlesex.
To Seedsmen.
SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 22 ; strong,
active, and well educated. Has had five years' experience
in the Wholesale and Retail Trade, with a knowledge of the
Value of Plants. First-class references.- D. B., 12, Wetheral
Street, Carlisle.
TO SEEDSMEN. — A Nurseryman is desirous
of placing his son (nearly 16), who has received a good
education, with a good Retail Seed Firm, in order to Learn the
Seed Trade in detail, and to reside with the proprietor. A fair
Premium for a suitable engagement would be readily agreed to.
Address letter with particulars to G. J., care of Messrs. Hurst
& Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.
''PO SEEDSMEN. — A young man desires a
-*- situation in the Seed business ; four years' experience ;
good references —A. MALVERN, Mr. Clare, Cotswold Seed
Warehouse, Cheltenham
TO HEAD GARDENERS. — Wanted, a
situation as GARDEN LABOURER, in a Gentlemm's
garden. Age 19 ; respectable and hardworking^^The HEAD
GARDENER, Standi.'^h House, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire.
HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— For the Cure of
Debility, Bile, Liver and Stomach Complaints this in-
appreciable medicine is so well-known in every part of the
world, and the Cures performed by its use are so wonderful,
that it now stands pre-eminent above all other remedies, more
particularly for the Cure of Bilious and Liver Complaints, Dis-
orders of the Stomach. Dropsy, and Debilitated Constitution.
A course of these digestive Pills painlessity but surely regulates
the Organs of Digestion and acts most beneficially on the
Secretory and Excretory Organs generally. They expel from
the secretive organs and the circulation those effete and morbitic
matters which produce inflammation, pain, fever, debility, and
physical decay— thus annihitaiing, by their purifying properties,
the virulence of the most painful and devastating diseases.
i6o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 4, 1883.
THE
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO
(John Cowan), Limited,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HDT-WATER ENGINEERS,
GAESTON, NEAE LIVERPOOL.
FOR SALE.
A Splendid QUEEN ANNE CONSERVATORY, 29 feet 9 inches by 17 feet 9 inclies, constructed as a Tenant's Fixture, with octagon ends, lantern
ventilator, stages, &c., complete. It is made so as to be easily removed from place to place without injury, and at small cost. Price (fitted
up complete, within 50 miles of Liverpool), ^178 loj-.
Complete Heating Apparatus for this Conservatory, including wrought-iron welded independent boiler, requiring no brickwork. Price
(fitted up within 50 miles of Liverpool), ^22 \os. 6d. Illustrated Circular, with full particulars, on application.
ALSO FOR SALE
A GREENHOUSE, 12 feet by S feet, constructed as a Tenant's
Fixture, and fitted willi stages complete. Price (erected within 50 miles of
Liverpool), £20.
ALSO FOB SALE
GREENHOUSE, 13 feet by 9 feet, constructed as a Tenant's
Fixture, and fitted with stages complete. Price (erected within 50 miles of
Liverpool), £2-^.
Complete Heating .'Apparatus for each of above small houses, £g.
The above houses are made ol the very best materials and workmanship, glazed with 21-oz. glass, and painted three coats of best oil paint, and were nude lor exhibition.
Illustrated Circular, with full particulars, on application.
( The Liverpool Horticultural Company are prepared to erect\
'I
PARTICULARS
taken by
Competent Engineers ^distance only will be added -.^
REPAIRS
J the following understated Houses, within 50 miles of Liverpool,
\at the folloiving moderate prices ; the cost of carriage to greater i Promntlv/ pYPfiifpH
THE GARSTON GREENHOUSE.
This Greenhouse is one of the most economical in point of storage space '^than can well be designed, at the same time Its appearance is most
light and pleasing. It is fitted up with a plant stage in the centre and a platform on each side. Surrounding the house is a low pit, 4 feet wide,
suitable for bedding and other small plants, or for forcing Strawberries, salading, &c.
These pits may be heated from the same apparatus, but independent of the house.
Price for housCj 40 feet long by iS feet wide, with portico at each end and pits complete, but exclusive of heating and brickwork, ^166.
Illustrated Ciraila7's^ ivith full particulars^ on application.
SPAN-ROOFED PIT, 40 ft. long by 12 ft. wide, 3 ft. 4 in.
high in side-walls, 7 ft. 6 in. high to ridge, pits inside with slate
bottom, leaving chamber for bottom-heat, lifting ridge and box
ventilators. (No excavations.) Fitted up within 50 miles of
Liverpool . . . . . . £']-\ 5 o
Heating above with 4-in. hot-water pipe and improved wrought-iron
welded saddle boiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5 o
SPAN -ROOFED PIT, 30 ft. long, 12 ft. wide, and otherwise
same as before . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 10 o
Heating above (as betore) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 lo o
SPAN-ROOFED PIT, 20 ft. long by 12 ft. wide, and otherwise
same as before .. .. 39 ^5 o
Heating above (as before) ., 21 o o
LEAN-TO VINERY, 40 ft. long by 14 ft. wide, n ft. high to
ridge, 2 — 6 framing in front, with bottom and top ventilation,
wrought by improved lever apparatus, glazed with 2i-oz. glass,
and painted three coats of best oil paint. (No excavations or brick-
work.) Fitted up within 50 miles of Liverpool .. .. ., 67 10 o
Heating above with 4-in. hot-water pipes and improved wrought-iron
welded saddle boiler .. .. .. .. 18 10 o
LEAN-TO VINERY, 30 ft. long by 13 ft. wide, 10 ft. 6 in. to
ridge, and otherwise as before . . . . 47 10 o
Heating above (as before) . . . . . . . . , . . . . . T7 5 o
LEAN-TO VINERY, 20 ft. long by 12 feet wide, 10 feet to
ridge, and otherwise same as before , . , . , . . . . . 32 10 o
Heating above (as before) , , . , . , . . , . . . . . 15 10 o
PEACH-HOUSE, 40 ft. long by 8 ft. wide, 10 ft. to ridge,
2 ft. 6 in, framing in front, bottom and top ventilation, glazed
with 21-oz. glass, and painted three coats of best oil paint. (No
brickwork of excavations.) Fitted up within 50 miles of Liverpool ^^46 10
Heating above with 4-in. hot-water pipes and independent boiler, re-
quiring no brickwork ., ,. ., .. ,. ,. ,, 95
PEACH-HOUSE, 30 ft. long by 8 fc. wide, and otherwise same
as before . .
Heating above (as before)
PEACH-HOUSE, 20 ft. long by 8 ft. wide, and otherwise same
as before . . . . . . . . . , . . . .
Heating above (as before)
35 15
7 15
25 15
7 o
CUCUMBER fKAMES.
i-light, 4 feet by 6 feet
2-light, 8 feet by 6 feet
3-Iight, 12 feet by 6 feet
3 s
4 10
SPAN-ROOF FRAMES.
6 feet by 3 feet 9 inches
g feet by 3 feet 6 inches
£^ IS o
2 T2 6
Ends, 7J. per pair extra.
The Liverpool Horticultural Company undertake the Erection and Heating of Conservatories, Greenhouses, Vineries ; also Heating
of Churches, Halls, and other Public Buildings, Private Residences, &c. And all Orders entrusted to them will be carried out in the most
efficient manner, and at the lowest possible cost.
PLANS AND ESTIMATES FREE.
Gardens Laid-out and Planted by Contract or othei'wise. The Manager can be consulted on all matters
relating to the Laying-out and Re-arrangement of Gardens.
ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO BE ADDRESSED TO—
THE MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, GARSTON.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Plihlisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Pretlnct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middleseaf, and Published by
ihe said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. — Saturday, August 4, 1883.
Agent for Manchester — John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland^^Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinbtirgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
Cstaljlisijeti I84i.
No. 502.— Vol. XX. {sbk.es.} SATURDAY, AUGUST u, 1883.
I Registered at the General 1 Price 5d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. TposT-FREE, ^\d.
CONTENTS.
Alpine plant';
Aqoile^ia Skiiineri
Asp.irngii^, bundling
Handed Rush, a . .
Bees »r.d Monk's-hood ..
Hooks noticed
Hiickingham-'-hire parden,
i7t .
180 I
180
16S I
167
166
iSo
166
178
*73
Calanihe anchorifera
Csmpanulas, hybridising
Ctmpanulas
Carnaiions, Geiman fancy
Coccinea glauca .. ".". ,
Co>ia Kica, vegetable ^ro--
d ucis in . . . . ♦ ir*^i 76
Curiam-', black ., ,',. 176
Kcnland. the .. .. 165
Ferns, Norih American 178
„ of Socolra, the .. 178
Floral decorations .. 17a
Forestry . . .. . . 181
Fruit crops, the .. i6g
French garden at Chats-
worth .. .. . . 176
Gardenc's' Royat Bene-
volent Insii.ution .. 180
Granpe, the . . . . 170
(Uapts and vineries . . 175
Grass land expeiimenls . . 176
Hardy fiu'u garden . . 175
Inseciivoroiis plants .. i/t
Leaves, the peifuiation of 178
Mauve .. . . . . iSo
lie
Melon, large Ecyptiaii ..
New Zealand plants
Notes pariium Carmi-
chaelia: ..
Orchid notes
Orchids, number of genera
of..
Oitelia ovalifolia . .
Paiisies. Scotch ..
Parcels po\t boxes
Paraffin as an insecti'
Plants in flower . .
,, new garden
Potato Mona's Pride
Rosa Urunoniana
Scilla livida
Societies : —
Beckenham Hofticul'
tural . .
Buckinfihani Horticul-
tural . .
Liverpool Horticultural
Association ..
Northamptonshire Hor-
cultural '"■■..
Spiiaea iniUefoUum . ..'
StraWfaeni^s .. K i-.
Sugar and 6ean-cake,-v; ,■
T^l(;hOtoilla^iK.leQa^liaI)a -;
Tuiipa*tKe'spebies-of— .%
Vegigti^le crops
Vii.erV^Ira
Weither, the
1^9
174
i
PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SEEDS.
ARCELS POST.— CARTERS'. SEEDS,
Carriage free.
"PARCELS POST.— CAR'FeRS'"sPECIAL
-L ORDER ROOM'S and Parcels Post-office now open.
I'Osiv^carters' special
TRUCKS will deliver parcels hourly during
ist'office.
AR<PfflKS, The. Queen's Seedsmen, and by
Royal Commat d to H. R H the Pruice of Wales.
'2l7-and'238, H^gh Holborn, London. W.C.
c
P.ARLY_J£g,RClNG BULBS.
rl
.84
178
17*
18 J
i«6
■168
180
181
186
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Asparagus, ContrivanCi for Bundling .. .. .. i2o
Coccinea glauca .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 173
French Garden at Chatsworlh .. .. .. .. 177
Masdevallia Carderi .. .. .. .. .. .. 181
Notospartium Carmichaelio: .. .. .. .. 169
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS atid OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
T^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE'
I IN AMERICA.
The Subsciiption to America, includinR Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.
Agent for America ; — C. H. MAROT, 8:4. Chestnut Street.
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY^
Souih Ken.sington, S.W.
NOTICE ! — COMMllTFKb' MRETINQS, Fruit and
Floral, at ii A.M., on TUESDAY N b X T, August 14.
Admission t;., which includes entrance to the Great Inter-
national Fibheries Exhibition.
T\/rAIUENHEAD HORTICULTURAL
iVL SOCIETY.
■]he ANNUAL SHOW of this Society will he held in Kid-
well's Park, on THURSDAY, August zj. The Band of Her
Majesty's Scits (iii-irds will perform during the afternoon.
Abjut 2CO PRIZES, from tos. downwards, will be offcied,
and 100 PRIZES for COlTAGERb' PRODUCE (no entrance
fees in this class) Entiles close August i6, except Coitagers,
who can enter up to August 20. Admission, is. kd.. hum
T o'clock until half past 3 ; \s. from hall-past 3 until 0; after
6 o'clock, dd, Schedules and Rules may be had of
Mr. O KING, Hon. Pec.
BOROUGH of HACKNEY HORTICUL-
TURAL SOCIETY.
An EXHIBITION of DAHLIAS, FUCHSIAS. &c.. will he
held in the Morley Hall, Triangle, Hackney, onTHUKSDAV,
September 6. Schedules and all information on application to
E. F. KEMP, Hon Sec.
6, Avenue Road, Clapton, Lordon, E.
HE INTERNATIONAL POTATO
EXHIBITION will be held at the CRYSTAL PALACE,
Sydenham. S.E , on SEPTEMBER .3 and 14, when PRIZES
amounting to ONE HUNDRED and FORTY POUNDS will
be offered. For Schedules apply to
P. J. McKINLAY, Headley Lodge, Penge, S.E.
REEFERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants beinc in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester,
BELGIAN PLANTS.—
Camellias, chieflydouble white; AZALEA INDICA
and MOLLIS, in every size and sorts ; DICKSONIA AN-
TARCTICA, line plants.
LOUIS EECKHAUTE, The Nurseries, St. Denis,
Westrem, near Ghent.
To the Trade.
WAITE, NASH, HUGGINS, AND CO.'S
Wholesale CATALOGUE of Hyacinths and other
Bulb', has bten Posted to all their Customers If not received
another Copy shall be sent on application.
79. Southivaik Stieet, Lond'^n, '^.F.
[■ES CARTER AND CO. have RE-
IV'eD IHEIR first CONSIGNMENTS of the
^lative Ml splendid condition
^ ~ Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus. LUles, &c.
CG. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. 'Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready and
may be had on anplication to
. Messrs, R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens,
Criltched Friars, London, EC.
TEA ROSES, fine plants, in 5-itich pots—
Marechal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, and others— sor. per roo
BOUVARDIAS, nice bushy plants, in 48-pots, best kinds,
includii g Alfred Neuner, price 40J. per 10.^.
W. .IaCKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.
Roses on Own Boots.
/^^ A T H E R I N E M E R M E T,
\J GLOIRE DE DIJON, ISABELLA SPRUNT,
KEVE DOR, &c.
Strong plants, ,2 in. to 1510. high. 7J. per dozen, carriage paid.
MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
To the Trade only. -10, 000 Maidenhair Ferns.
MESSRS. PERKINS and SONS are now
offering a very fine lot of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM,
in 72's, at 205. per ico. Sample plant per post (to intending
puichasers) sent on appHcali. n. it. per loo package.
Warwick Road and Paik Nurseries. Coventry.
Now In Full Bloom.
JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS
BEGONIAS, Gold Medal Cci:ection, are thegrandt»t floral
display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors
Railway Stations — Catford Bridge. 5 minutes' walk : Forest
Hill, 15 minutes to Stanstead Park Nursery, Forest Hill.
ADIANTUM GRACILLIMUM, very large
plants, in 24-pot';. full of matured frond?., for furnibhm^
or to cut from. io\ per dozen ; cheaper per hundred.
T. JANNOCH, Lily Nuisery, Der>ingha[n. Nor oik.
OINSETTIA PULCHEKRIMA, at los,
per 100 £)^ per looo ; now ready for 48's.
SMITH AND LARKE, Ashford, Middlesex,
PINES. — To be sold, cheap, good clean stock,
ii.cluditip Q jeefifi, Jamaicas, smjoth-leaved Cayennes,
and C. Koth.chi'd^— 4!^ dozen Ftuuiog. 5 dczeii Successions iz
months o'd snd 6 dozen suckers 6 months old. Apply to
Mr. JOHNsTON, I he Gardens, West Lavant, Chichesier
Ij^lGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
-i pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure while to the darkest purple), for cliinb-
iug and bedding, from i2i. to 245. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SIVIITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
DF. BOEKEE, Leiden, Holland, has a
• brge Stock of CON VALLARIA CLUMPS. Price
5o.r. per ico Sample on application.
Double White Sweet Scented
ARCISSUS BULBS for SALE, ^i per
100. Apply to
T. MILLS, Market Gardener, Chiswick, Middlesex.
S~TRAWBERRY"RUNNERS,7rom Twenty
Choice Varieties. Price LI ST on application. Sample box
of plants with fruit, ^d. " Manual on Strawberry Culture," 6(/.
W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers, Driffield.
TRAWBEKKIES.— We are now prepared
10 supjjiv ilrong, healthy Plants, from ground and in
pots, of all the most approved kinds A select debcripiive
LIST post-free on aptjlicaiion,
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
wotlh, Herts.
MESSRS~SQUELCH TnITIjXrN HAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Maiketj
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and reference'^ on application.
W' ANTED, PINES, NECTARINES,
PEACHES. MELONS, GRAPES. TOMATOS, &c.
Also EUCHARIS, STEPHANOTIS, TUBEKC iSES, GAR-
DENIAS. ORCHIDS. Mnrechal Nlel ROSES. &c.
WISE AND R I DES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden.
N
'NLAND PARCELS POST.
s
UTTONS' SEEDS BY
pAR
CELS POST.
s
EED ORDERS EXECUTED
s
AME DAY AS RECEIVED
P
E
T
A
ELIVERED DIRECT TO
VERY HOUSE IN THE KINGDOM.
HE PARCELS POST MAKES
GENTS UNNECESSARY.
s
UTTON AND SONS HAVE NO AGENTS.
s
UTTONS' SEEDS ONLY TO BE obtained
D
IRECT FROM
OEAUING.
/ CHOICE SELECTIONS of ALPINES and
KJ HERBACEOUS PLANTS.— loo for 28i ; 200, 60s. : 300
icor.; 400, 140s.: 500, 2-'os. Distinct species, established in pots.
S.^XlFRAGES — 100. 28r. : 200. rooj., distinct speciesand var.
CATALOGUE on application.
STANSFIELD BROS.. Southpott,
'•("'EA ROSES IN POTS.— Several thousands
-L to offer, clean, healthy, and full oi buds, including a fine
lot of Mai<^chal Niel and Niphetos — the latter in several ^izes.
i r ces on application.
F. STREET, Heaiherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer, Fam*
borough Station.
HH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials.
Post-free on application.
t^had Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston. Birminaham.
Hyacintlis, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.
T:> U D D E N B O R G BROS., BuLB
-1—' Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post*
fiee on application.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS, single and
double; PVRETH RU VIS, single and double ; PH LOXisS and
TEA ROSES: CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES eraiisacd post-free.
Tea Roses -Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and o.her Roses m pots. Piices and full
particulars on applic.iiion to
The MANAGER, Ihe Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
ORCHIDS. — We invite intending Purchasers
to pay us a visit and inspect our Houses.
The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63.
EEDLING FOREST TREES, &c.—
Nurserymen visiting the North are respectfully invited
to call and inspect stock of above at the Momrieih Nurseries,
near Dundee. W. P. LAIRD and SINCLAIR.
RIMULAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEO-
LARIAS. — Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans-
planted Seedlings, at 8j. per loo, 70J. per 1000. pack.ige aid
carriage free for cash with orders. Good strong Marethal Niel
and other Tea RUbES, in 43-pots, at 60s. pt-.r loc
T. FLETCHER and SON, Floiisis, &c., Chesterfield.
"a~q" uTlI;" g ia glan dulosa •
-i^ (Grlgor's Variety). — to, 000 to offer. Plants to bloom next
spring, 15J. per loj ; smaller, loi. Seed, just collected, si. 6^^.
and 5J. per packet. Usual diiicount to the IVa^ e.
R, AND A. MURRISO.V. The Nurseries. Elgin.
Hardy Primrose and Polyanthus Seed.
ANTHUiNY WATLRER begs to ofter
SKtD of the -train exhibited by him tn the Spring at
the Meetings of the Rnyal Hoiticuhural and Royal Botanic
Societies of London, and also at Manchester, in Packets at 5s.
each, post-free on leceipt of cash or stamps.
Knap Hill Nursery. Woking. Surrey.
FECIAL O F F E R.—
PELARGONIUMS, best market varieties ; red an-J
white BOUVARDIAS. ADIANTUM CUNEAlUM- Sirong
plants of each, in thumSs, 2jJ. per 100, for prompt ca?h
RUBERI'S BROS, and ARNOLD, Ea^t GiinMead, Sussex
1 62
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[August ii, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 644=)
DUTCH BULBS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION', at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covetit
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. August 15. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, 19 cases of DUTCH BULBS, com-
prising nearly 1000 lots of first-class double and single Hya-
cinths, in all colours, White Roman ditto for forcing. Tuljps,
Crocuses, Narcissus, SciUas. Snowdrops, and other bulbs just
received from well known farms in Holland, in lots to suit the
Trade and private buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next,
L^LIA ELEGANS.
MR. J. C, STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander, of St. Albans, to SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, August 16, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, the most wonderful consignment of
L/ELIA ELEGANS ever seen, in extra condition and health.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6443 )
IMPORTED ORCHIDS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38,
King Street, Covent Garden, W,C., on THURSDAY NEXT,
August 16, a quantity of imported plants of SACCOLABIUM
HARRISONI.and CYPRIPEDIUMS, from South Borneo;
also three cases of DENDROBES,CYMBIDIUMS, S:c.
Oa view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Saturday Next.— (Sale No. 6445.)
DUTCH BULBS. — TRADE SALE.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. Kmg Street, Coveut
Garden, W.C, on SATURDAY NEXT, August 18. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, a large consignment of first-class
DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS in all colours,
TULIPS. CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, SNOW-
DROPS, early ROMAN HYACINTHS, and other BULBS,
just received from well known farms in Holland, in lots to suit
the Trade and private buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tuesday Next.
CYPRIPEDIUM BOISSIERIANUM, Rchb f.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F, Sander to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, a fine lot of CYPRIPEDIUM BOISSIERI-
ANUM, offered for the first time, and figured in Reichenbach's
Xeuia. Also superb m-isses of finest varieties of ODONTO-
GLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E, many CATTLEYAS and other
ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tuesday Next.
CONSIGNMENT of DENDROBIUMS from Upper Bnrmih,
consisting of D. WARDIANUM, D. CRaSSINODE,
D. PRIMULINUM, D. THYRSIFLORUM, and several
plants of the rare D. BRYMERIANUM.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include the above iu their S.ALE. to take place at
their Central Auction Rooms, on TUESDAY NEXT, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tuesday Next.
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, S:c , for UNRESERVED
SALE.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. (next door but one to Bennett's
Clock), on TUESDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely, several lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including
Odontoglossum Edrt'ardsi, O. crispum, O. vexiUarium, Caltleya
dolosa, C. gigas, C Warscewiczi, Sic.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Friday Next,
A GRAND IMPORTATION of CATTLEYA MENDELLI,
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (Alexandra:), O. PE.S-
CATOREI. O. SPECIES, CATTLEYA AUREA, C
GIGAS. MASDEVALLIA MACRURA, M. HARRY-
ANA, M, TROCHILUS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above, at the Central Auction Rooms,
67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C, on FRID-\Y NEXT, August 17,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Shuttle-
worth, Carder & Co.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, or
8. New Broad Street, E.C.
Roman Hyacinths and Eucharis Candida.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will include in their first BULB SALE at their Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, EC, on MONDAY, August 20, 3000 tine
Roman HYACINTHS, and 300 fresh imported bulbs of
EUCHAttIS CANDIDA, true.
Mondays and Thursdays, August 20, 23, 27, and 30.
DUTCH BULBS —SPECIAL TRADE SALES.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUG TION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 63, Cheapside. E.C, on MONDAY, August 20;
THURSLiAY, August 23 ; MONDAY, August 27 ; and
THURSDAY, August 30. at half-past ri o'Clock precisely each
day, extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUS, NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS
from Holland, of the best quality, and lotted specially to suit
the Trade and other large buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Preliminary Notice.— Southgate, N.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre-
mises, The Nursery, Chase Side Cottage, opposite the " Crown "
Inn, Old Southgate, N., on WEDNESDAY, August 29, the
Erections of Eleven GREENHOUSES, containing about 7000
feet of Glass and Woodwork, many thousands of feet of Hot-
water Piping, Boilers, S:c.
Catalogues at 8, New Bread Street, E. C
Manchester.
SALE of an IMPORTANT and VALUABLE COLLEC-
TION of CHOICE ORCHIDS, including fine specimens
of Vanda tricolor, V. suavis, and V. gigantea. several from
Mr. Mendel's sale ; LazUa anceps, L. superbum, and L.
purpurata ; Cattleyas Mossiai and other varieties, Cypri-
pedium, a fine plant of Angraicum sesquipedale, Coilogyne
cristata, Cymbidium eburneuni. Calanihes. and other rare
kinds; PALMS and other FINE-FOLIAGE PLANTS,
large specimens of CYATHEA DEALBATA. DICK-
SONIA ANTARCTICA, CYBOTIUM PRINCEPS,
LATANIA BORBONICA, well-grown AZALEAS,
CAMELLIAS of known sorts, well grown, and some of
large size ; EUCHARIS AMAZONICA. beautiful
EXOTIC FERNS, DRACj«N AS, together with the usual
PLANTS for STOVES and GREENHOUSES, also
choice RHODODENDRONS, twenty-six FRUIT
TREES in pots, about 150 CHRYSANTHEMUMS of
sorts, ROSES, PELARGONIUMS, &c.
MESSRS. CAPES, DUNN AND PILCHER
have received instructions from the Executors of the
late Peter Spence, Esq.. to SFXL by AUCTION, on FRIDAY
NEXT, August 17, at ii o'Clock prompt, at Erlington House,
Seymour Grove, Old Trafford, the highly valuable collection of
ORCHIDS and other STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS.
May be viewed on Monday, August 13. and three following
days, when Catalogues can be had at the house, or earlier on
application at the offices of the Auctioneers, 8, Clarence Street,
Albert Squaie, Manchester.
Investment.— Important to OrcMd Growers.
15 miles from London.
FOR DISPOSAL, a small and easily worked
HORTICULTURAL BUSINESS— proprietor wishing
to devote his whole time to another Business in which he is
engaged. Capital opening for Growing Orchids.
Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 8, New
Broad Street. E.C— (Folio 5865.)
For"1;ale7sYdcup hill nursery,
Foot's Cray, Kent. Established over fifty years, and
widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of
the death (without issue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim. the Stock,
Leases, business Structures, &c., of this Nursery are to be
immediately disposed ol
For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the abDve address.
FOR SALE, a NURSERY and FLORIST
BUSINESS, in the North of Scotland. The Grounds
extend to 11 acres, held on 11 years leases, the greater part of
the terms being unexpired. The subjects include 3 Green-
house?, with Hot-water Appliances, and a number of Frames.
The Stock, which is in fitsl-class condition, consists of several
millions of Seedling and Transplarited Forest Trees (for the
prime quality of which the nursery is well-known), Ornamental
and Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Bushes, and Flowers of every descrip-
tion. The sale is rendered necessary by dissolution of partner-
ship, and offers a splendid opportunity for acquiring a good
going established business.
Further particulars from GRIGOR and YOUNG, Solicitors,
Elgin, N.B. ,
Kingswood Cottage Nursery, Vulcan Eoad, Brockley,
Kent.
To GARDENERS and OTHERS.
TO BE LET, a compact NURSERY, with
Greenhouses 200 feet by 12 feet ; good Garden, well
stocked, containing about three quarters of an acre ; Dwelling-
house, 6 rooms, with outbuildings, S:c. Rent, about £,-^i per
annum ; must be Let at once on account of owner going
abroad. Five years' of lease unexpired : can be renewed. This,
a bargain not often met with, can be taken at valuation, or by
private contract, with immediate possession.
Apply on the Premises as above.
0 BE LET, ON LEASE, a good JOBBING
and LOCAL BUSINESS, upon favourable terms.
Apply to Mrs. G. SMITH. Tollington Nursery, Tollington
Park, Hornsey Road, N.
TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass. Whitk
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
D
UTCH BULBS.
D
IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN and SON, Nurserymen,
Overveen. near Haarlem, Holland.
Before ordering Dutch Bulbs, read Ant. Roozen & Son's
CATALOGUE for 1883, which their Agents, Messrs. MER-
TENS and CO., 5. Bilhter Square, London, E.C, will forward
Post-free on application.
To the Trade.
TAMES CARTER, DUNNETT AND
O BEALE'S CATALOGUE of Bulbs. Plants, ard Horti-
cultural Sundries, has now been posted to every Customer;
should it have miscarried another copy will be sent on appli-
cation to
237 and 238. High Holborn, London, W.C.
BEGONIAS. — B. Hareana, a new variety,
blooming continuously ; of the greatest value for cutting
or for market work, being dwarf and compact, and crowded at
every joint with white flowers; \s. 6d. each. B. DAVISII,
15. 6d : B. SEMPERFLORENS ROSEA, B. VEITCHII.B.
SCHMIDTU, B. ROEZLII, B. FRCEBELLI. i^. each : a
good plant of each of the above, 7 j. GOLDEN NUGGET:
strong plants full of bloom-buds, of this famous Begonia can
now be offered at 2s. 6d. each. B. BONIFACE, large trusses
of enormous scarlet flowers, 3^. 6d, each. These choice
varieties should be in every collection.
LIS r of other Begonias post-free. All plants are package
and carriage free, from
T. H. HARE, Bulb Grower, &c., Sittingbourne, Kent.
BULB SEASON. 1883.
GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others,
by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may obtain the
FINEST BULBSat strictly WHOLESALE PRICES.
Write for PRICE LIS T to THE CITY FLOWER, SEED,
and BULB DEPOT, 162. Fenchurch Street, and 80, St. Paul's
Churchyard, London, E.C.
PLANT AT ONCE, EARLY FORCING.
CARTERS' BULBS FOR THE DECORATION of
the CONSERVATORY, DRAWING ROOM, &c., &c , at
CHRISTMASTIME.
EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, 25s. per 100,
3^. 6d. per dozen, ^d. each.
EARLY WHU-E ROMAN HYACINTHS (Blue Skin),
17J. 6.^. per 100. 25. 6d. per dozen, jd. each.
EARLY BLUE RO.MAN HYACINTHS, 12;. 6J. per 100,
IS. gd, per dozen. 3^. each.
LIGHT BLUE NEAPOLITAN, 151. per 100, ss. per dozen,
^d. each.
DARK BLUE NEAPOLITAN, 151. per 100, is. per dozen,
^d. each.
EARLY DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS, 21. 6d. per
doien. 4d. each,
EARLY PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS, is. gt per dozen,
^d. each.
DOUBLE SNOWDROPS, large, 211. per 1000, 21. 6d. per
100, sd per dozen.
SINGLE SNOWDROPS, large, 21J. per 1000. 21. 61/. per
ICO, sd. per dozen.
DUG VAN THOL TULIPS, red and yellow, single, loi. per
100, IS. 6d. per dozen.
ALLIUM NEAPOLITANUM, xos. per 100, is. id. per
dozen.
NOTE.— These prices are not binding after the publication
of Carters' Autumn Catalogue.
COLLECTIONS of the above, price 51., 71. 6d , 161., 241.,
45r., and 65s.
CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen.
By Royal Command to the Prince of Wales.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London , W.C.
To BE SOLD, CHEAP.— 100 CROTONS
in varieties — plants from i foot to 3 feet. Also 100
DRAC^NAS, from 6 inches to 18 inches, all well coloured. The
above must be sold for want of room. Full particulars will be
sent as to varieties and sizes.
HY. NOBLE, Paradise Nurseries. Boston Spa, Yorkshire.
TOSEPH BAUMANN, Nurserym.\n,
tj Ghent, Belgium, offers the following Plants :—AZ\LE A
hardy MOLLIS and hardy Ghent, A. INDICA. RHODO-
DENDRONS, CAMELLIAS, KALMIA LATl FOLIA,
dwarf with flower buds ; fine Sweet BAYS, Standards and Pyra-
mids ; fine LATANIA BORBONICA, ARALIA S'lE-
BOLDI and VARIEGATA, ARAUCARIAS, ILEX, MAG-
NOLIAS, PEONIES, ROSES, SPIR/EA JAPONICA, &c,
CATALOGUE free.
Parcels Post
MR. WILLIAM GORDON is prepared to
give the full benefit of the Parcels' Post to his Customers,
and will forward, package and cairiage free, all orders of loj,
and upwards. This will enable his Customers in the country to
purchase plant? at the same price as is paid at the Nursery by
those resident in London and the Suburbs.
The fact that these plants with ordinary care can be grown in
a greenhouse has given an impetus to orders, and~nearly all
lovers of flowers are now Orchid growers and are forming col-
lections, which, besides being very interesting, will become
valuable as there are no plants which pay better for growing
into specimens.
The following are a few of the varied and cheap ORCHIDS
which are held in quantities : see also last week's advertisement.
The special ORCHID LIST for August will be forwarded,
post-free, on application : —
C. denotes Cool, /. Intermediate, and S. Stove Plants.
Each — s. d.
I. AERIDES FIELDINGIT, orFOX BRUSH.-Five
to seven leaves . , . . . . . . 51. and 7 6
/. CATTLEYA SANDERIANA.— This is the best of
all Cattleyas, a very grand type of gigas. Fine im-
ported pieces, six to twelve bulb.':, io.r 6;/., 155-. and 21 o
/. CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA. -This is a splesdid
new Cattleya. Good established plants, eight to
twelve bulbs ... .. .. .. xos. td. and 15 o
Imported pieces yj. 6(/. and 10 6
/. CATTLEYA WARSCEWIC2II. — Six to twelve
bulbs, good strong breaks. Imported pieces .. 76
/. CATTLEYA MENDELII. — SLt to twelve bulbs.
Good strong breaks. Imported pieces, some estab-
lished .. .. .. -js. 6d., 10s 6d. and 15 o
A CYPRIPEDIUM VENUSTUM.— This is a very
pretty old Cypripedium. It is a greenhouse
species, good for cutting. Strong plants . . . . 26
6". CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM.— Thisisvetybeautiful:
flowers pure white. Strong plants . . 2s. 6d. and 5 o
/. DENDROBIUM JAMESIANUM. — A beautiful
large flower, pure white . . . . 3^. 6d. and 5 o
/. DENDROBIUM PALPEBR^. -Very pretty, sweet-
scented. The flowerj, white and golden-yellow,
hsng in beauti'ul clusters . . ,. 2s. 6d. and 3 o
S. DENDROBIUM SUAVISSIMUM. — This is a
charming variety, bright yellow, except the lip,
wi:h very dark crimson spots in the centre. Five
to six bulb,=; .. ., 5^. and 7 6
SINGLE WHITE ROMAN HVACINTHS.-For
forcing . . . . per dozen, 2s. 6</. , 3,?. . and » 3 6
NAMED HYACINTHS .. per dozen, 3.r. 6^. and 4 o
All orders to be addressed to WM. GORDON, New Plnnt
and Bulb Importer, 10, Cullum Street, London, E.G., and not
to the Nursery, Twickenham, Middlesex.
LEXIS DALLIERE, Nurseryman,
- Ghent, Belgium, has a large quantity of his Sptcial
Cultures for disposal this season, such as : —
Azalea indica, Azalea mollis, Camellias, Rhododendrons,
Bouvardia Alfred Neuner, the whole well budded ; also Atso-
phila australis, Aspidi-stra fol. var., Araucana excelsa, Cy-
botium princeps, Dracaena terminalis, and other sorts ; Latanta
botbonica, Corypha australis, Phcsnix reclmata and tenuis,
Seaforthia elegans, Ptychosperma Alexandise, Ficus elastica,
Spirsa (Hniei.i) japonica, very strong. The whole in well
cultivated plants. Prices and sizes of plants will be immediately
sent on application.
SPIRAEA JAPONICA, strong Clumps for
forcing, isr. per 100, ^6 per i coo. ROSES. St;indards,
Hal '-standards, and Dwarfs, in first-class varieties Hardy Lihent
MOLLIS and Indian AZALEAS and RHODODENDRONS,
in splendid collections of the most showy sorts, and strong plants
with buds. Will supply the ab^ve named articles in quantity in the
next season, at the lowest prices Price on application. Apply to
ED. PARRfi, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium.
To the Trade.
BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING
RASPBERRY.
Specinl Prices for Orders before September i may be had on
applicaucn,
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, Hull.
August ii, 1883.]
THR GARDRNERS' CIIRONICLR.
163
HYACINTHS. — HYACINTHS. — In
harvesting our Hyacinths snme lime aRo we were
astonished to see ihe bulbs looking so grand and healthy this
season. We really do nut think we have had such a fine crop
the last fuur years. 'IMierefore we recommend our Customers
to order at once lo secuic the very best stuiT. Special olTi:rs for
large quantities.
SEGERS AND CO , Bulb Growers, Lisse, near Haarlem,
Holland.
Carriage Free.
Just to hand.— Plant now— Early Winter White Flowers.
Splendid quality.
SINGLE WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,
which will produce 3 to 6 Spikes per bulb, arj, per 103,
3J. per dozen (not the puny Italian so largely distributed).
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, charming
and useful companion to preceding, i2J. 6rf. per 100, 7S.
per dozen.
The early consignments are always the finest. Apply
at once.
GEO. P. DARBY. Importer, Hertfordshire Seed and Plant
Establishment, Watford, Herts.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBKE REFUSE.
41/. per bushel ; ico for 25s : truck (loose, about z tonh),
40J ; 4bushel ba.cs, \d. each.
LIGHT BROWN FlliROUS PEAT, is. bd. per sack;
S sacks, 25s ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PE.AT, 51. per sack, s sacks 221. ; sacks,
\d. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, ij. grf. per bushel ; 15s. per half
ton, 2'ij per ton ; in 2 bushel bass, ^d. each.
YELLOW FlliROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, anti LEAF-
MOUI.D. Ti per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. Si. 6rf. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO-
BACCOCI.OTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. 31". each, or
15 sacks, i8j. ; 30 sacks, C\ 5^., sacks included Ttuck-load,
loose, 3 J. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Eslab-
ished 1872 -J. STEVKNS and CO., "Greyhound" Yard,
and 132, High Street, Baltersea, S.W.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free I37 post, 12 stamps.
Ij^IBKOUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants. &c.. ^6 6i. per Truck. BLACK FIBkOUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons. Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 155. per ton per Truck. S.»mple Bag, 55 ; 5 Bags,
2;j. td. ; ID Bags, 45J. Bags included. Fre^h SPHAGNUM,
10s dd. per Bag. SILVKK SAND. Coarse or Fine, 525. per
Truck of 4 tons. R':d Sandstone RUCKWORK, ^^5 per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25.1. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER ANi> CO.. FiLrnborough Station, Hants.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by thou and all NtirseiyiiicTi and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Prebs and from letters
leceived by the Company from those who have used the manure.
GARDEN REQUISITES^
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
45. 6d. per sack.
3J. ed. „
5 J. orf. ,,
IS. per bushel (sacks
included).
i^, 3f/. per bushel.
icd. per lb,
Sd- per lb., 2S lb. i8j.
lod. per lb., 28 lb. 21^.
ial ad'
PEAT, best brown fibrous
„ best black fibrous ..
,. extra selected Orchid
LOAM, beat yellow fibrous
PREPARED COMPOST, best
LEAF MOULD ..
PEAT MOULD
SILVER SAND (coarse)
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only ..
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported
,. PAPER, finest imported .,
CUCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special adveitisement)
Terms, strictly Cash with order,
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Amortlser.— Amortiser— Amortlser.
To HOP and FRUIT r.ROWERS. FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
QTEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
O INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly,
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
or all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate b'oom or foliage. We have a Special
Pieparation of the Amortiser for Waterm^ the Ground whi.h
Instantly Destroys Slugs, \Vire.vorms Caterpillars, Grubs, &c
When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample
Cans, 4% gallons, 31. 6d., tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
Speciality for Roses.
BEESON'S RO.SE MANU RE.
To be Iiad of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For particulars please apply to
W. H. HEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield,
To Her
J\l..ht
Gracious
M.ijesty
Queen
Victoiia,
To His
lvov.^1
Highness
the Piuice
of
Wales.
For Beauilliil Flowers and Fnilta
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s PAXiiNT
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Pruicipsl
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed AB^OLUTELV Pure, Free from any
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '' Laguna " Cocoa- Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Pennv,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883, — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
Alt elegant Bordering to F louver Beds. Combines ivartnth
and cleanliness zuith vahtable antiseptic attd deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, stiictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks
IS. dd. each; 10 sacks. 135 ; 15 sacks, i8j. ; 20 sacks, 23J.
30 sacks. 3o.r. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, ^2.
Limited quantities of P. M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, zs. 6d. each (two Prize MedaU). Valuable for
Pottins and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, cjjugg^ ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works. West Ferry Road, Millwall, LondoD, E.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides
and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame-
rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale,
&c., and for Washing all Hard-
Wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay malces an
effective Winter Dressing,
Testimonial.
*' Colon Hall Nursery, Slirewsbury, July 28, iS3o.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting yon with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
REMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of all DIRT from EVERYTHING
liY USING
HTTDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
Certain Sudden DEATH
to all Grubs, Aphis, Lice, Red Spicier, Thrips, Mealy
Bug, Caterpillars, &c.
Perfectly \ to the Hands and Skin, but will cure Rjng-
Harmless f worm and all Diseases produced by Parasites,
(SOLOBLE) INSEOTiOlilE
A combination of Hvdrocarbnn Oils made Soluble in Water.
For destroying ALL INSECTS aud PARASITES that
infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foliage, It cutes Mildew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &:c.
Cleans Grapes from Mildew or Mealy Bug without affecting
the bloom; and, thickened with a little clay, makes a good
wmier dressing. T)estro\s Lice and Fleas on Animals. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. dd., -zs. 6d., 4s. 6d. a bottle. Per
gallon i2.(. erf, , or leijs in larger quantities. Each bottle bears
the Inventor's Trade Mark (a Cat's Head) and full directions
for use. Rlanufactnred by
E. GRIFFITHS HOGHEd, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and
Wholesale Druggists.
New York : ROLKER and SONS.
ORTICULTURE, — SILVER SAND,
6i, per ton ; HEATH PEAT, yj. per ton ; FOREST
PEAT, 85. and 10s. per yard ; FOREST LOAM, 10s. and 12J,
per yard. On rail, loose, from 2 tons upwards. Sent to all
parts at lowest rates.
W, SHORT, Horticultural Co., Midhurst, Sussex.— Est. 186a.
SILVER SAND
DIRECT FROM PITS,
For lowest price, write
HENRY "WILKEKSON,
LEIGHTON BUZZARD.
(^ ISHURS't compound.— Used by many
V_.J of the leading Gardeners, since 1859. against Red-spider,
Mildew. Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
1 to 20Z. to the gallon oS soft water, and of from 4 to i6oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparatioi s intended to supersede it. In Boxes, if. ,3J.,& loj. 6d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, bd.
and IS. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited). London.
RICK CLOTHS- RICK CLOTHS.
Before purchasing, send for Samples
and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSOK, who
can supply a splendid article at a low-
price.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
M9, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.
ICK CLOTHS, GARDEN NETTING,
&C.-RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS. SACKS, and
ever>' requisite for Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post-
fiee. Can be obtained of HENRY VAN and CO., 17, Tooley
Street, London, S.E.. who also supply GARDEN NETTING.
2 yards wide, i\id. ; and 4 yards wide, -^d. per yard.
SCRIM CANVAS, i yard wide, -^d. ; ij^ yard, \]^d. ; and
2 yards, 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in pieces
of 20 yards each, at 3^. 6d. per piece.
NETTING~for Fruit Trees, Seed Beds^
Ripe Slrawbenies, &c.— TANNED NETTING for
protecting the above from Frost, Blight, Birds, &c., 2 yards
wide, sd, per yard, or loo vards, j6s. ; 4 yards wide, ^d. per
yard, or 50 yards, 16s. NEW TANNED NETFING, suited
for any of the above purposes or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards
wide, 6d. per yard : 4 yards wide, \s. per yard . -^-inch mesh,
4 yards wide, 15, 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 55. and 6s. per
piece of 20 yards.— EATON and DELLER, 6 and 7, Crooked
Lane, London Bridge, E.C.
RCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.-AU the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-clolhs, Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E C.
TNDIAN MUSLIN^^for^Garden Shading.—
J- I03 yards for 105., delivered at Burnley Station; or 85 \ards
for 105., delivered free per parcels post. Very u'eful oure Cotton
for Ciu-tains, Blinds, Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley.
UNDER SPECIAL ROYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors ol the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' IVIEDICfHE CHESTS,
For all Disorders in Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sheep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£2 i6s. 6d., sent carriage paid througlioul Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, la on aU Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON ;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
H O S E^
PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.
Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus prov-
ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden U-^e.
A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red*
Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever."
Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices.
Sample and Price of
MERRYWEATH ER <& SONS,
6i, Long Acre. W.C. ; and Greenwich Road. London, S.E.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
The
'Ezpanslon
Joint."
.&i^M
„i The Beat
aud Quickest
Made.
4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 45. -^d. each
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6d. each.
Price Lis! on application.
164
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August
1S83.
FOR SALE, a Pair ofgrand old AMERICAN
ALOES, 7 feet by 8, at the very low price of six Euineas.
C. E., Mr. Chird, Florist, Chase Corner, Clapham
mmoQ, S.E.
APAVER UMBROSUM, fine new purple
Seed, ^d. per packet, post-free -jd. One packet each
>inibrosum, Fl.ig of Truce, white as a snowball, and
Indian Banner, vivid scarlet, both very double, 15. zd. post-free.
THOMAS BUNYARD, Ashford, Kent.
BMALLER begs to make his Annual
• Trade Offer of his very extensive and ex'ra well-grown
stock of: —
ERICAS (Hyemalis, and other varieties), EPACRIS,
GENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, ADIANTUM
eUNEATUM and other FERNS, GREVILLEAS, VINES
in pots, &c. An inspection is invited.
Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on application.
The Annual SALE by AUCTION will be held in
EPTEMBER.
Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S. E.
Free by Post or RaU.
TAMES DICKSON and SONS offer
f-' selected stocks of the following : —
CABBAGE, Dickson's Nonsuch, is. per ouoce.
„ EUam's Early Dwarf, is. per packet.
„ Early Rainham, %d. per ounce.
,, Improved Monpareil, Zd. pei ounce.
CAULIFLOWER. Improved Early London, 15. td. per ounce.
CUCUMBER, Rollisson's Telearaph, z5. dd. per packet.
LETTUCE, Dickson's Hardy Winter Cabbage, i5. per packet.
,, Hardy White Cos, is. i,d. per ounce.
ONION, Giant Rocca Tripoli, lod. per ounce.
,, Red and White Italian Tripoli, each. \od. per ounce.
Also choice strains of CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA.
GLOXINIA (erect and drooping varieties), PRIMULA SI-
NENSIS FIMBRIATA (red, white, or mixed), in is. 6d.,
2s, 6d., and 5s. packets ; and all other VEGETABLE and
FLOWER SEEDS for present or later sowing.
108, Eastgate Street, Chester.
HADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED.
— This seed has been grown by careful selection for six-
teen years, and planting the stems where the produce would
not be likely to be affected by Bees. It is liked by the Evesham
gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and is
recommended to Farmers as a safe crop to plant — selling the
Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and good enough
— feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price 7s. per pound
in small quantities ; 5s. 6d. per pound for 20 lb. and upwards
For Cash only. Apply to
Mr. RANDELL, Chadbury, near Evesham.
Rose Nursery.
Late J. B. Guillot, Sen. — Established in 1837.
ROSES THE GREAT SPECIALITY.
JOSEPH SCHWARTZ, Rose Grower,
Route de Vienne, 7, Si la Guiilotiere, Lyon, has to offer
NEW ROSES, obtained from Seed at his Establishment,
and which will be sent out on November 1 next ; —
HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES.
COLONEL FELIX BRETON.— Vigorous shrub, having
the appearance of Charles Lefebvre. Large flower, full, petals
regularly imbricated, velvety red-garnet — exterior petals shining
velvety pale amaranth, the underside dull amaranih. Entirely
new colour.
MONS. BENOIT COMTE.— Very vigorous shrub, having
the appearance of Alfred Colomb. Flower large, full, globular,
in the form of a cup, brilliant poppy-red, shaded vermilion in
the interior, exterior of petals poppy-red, covered with a plum-
like bloom. Remarkable for the brightness and beauty of its
colour.
MONS. FRANCISQUE RIVE. — Very vigorous plant,
somewhat like Marie Baumann. Very large, full, well-formed
flowers, bright cherry-red, shaded carmine ; petals concave,
underside gUucescent. Very fragrant. A successional bloomer.
PRESIDENT SENELAR.— Very vigorous shrub, of pecu-
liar appearance. Large flower, full, deep cherry-red. sparkling
velveiy tinge, passing to purple-shaded cinnabar. Magnificent
variety.
SECRETAIRE J. NICOLAS. — Very vigorous. Large
full flower, well shaped, globular, of a beautiful dull purple red,
brighc velvety tinge ; reverse of petals pale plum-coloured
amaranth. Very fragrant. Has a grand effect. Free fliwerer.
ROSA POLYANTHAor MULTIFLORA (Dwarf Climber)
JEANNE DRIVON.— Very perpetual flowering shrub. Flowers
in corymbs, very double, somewhat resembling those of the
Camellia Balsam, large (relatively) for the genus, white edged,
add shaded rose ; the reverse of the petals white. Colour unique.
Plant very distinct from the varieties of the same group now in
commerce. Suitable for groups. Extra variety.
These Novelties have this year obtained the following
awards : — First-class Certificate, Soci^t^ d'Horticukure pratique
du .Rhone, June 9 : First-class Certificate, Association Horticole
Lyonnaise, June 17.
Price, each variety, per plant, 25 francs ; the set of six,
120 francs. N. B. — Purchasers of foiu" plants of the same
viriety will receive a fifth gratis.
NEW ROSES sent out by J. S., in the autumn of 1882 : —
Hybrid Noisette, Madame Fanny de Forest. 3 tr. each, 30 fr.
p:r dozen ; Hybrid Perpetual, Marguerite de Roman, 2 fr. 50 c.
each, 24 tr. per dozen ; Hybrid Ayrshire Climbing. Madame
Viviand Morel, 2 fr. 50c each, 24 fr. per dozen; Polyantha,
non-climbing. Bijou de Lyon, 2 fr. each, 18 fr. per dozen.
Notice. — A very large quantity of Dwarf Roses, Standards
and Hall-Standards, ready for sale in the Autumn.
General CATALOGUE sent post-free on application.
ABC BULB GUIDE.
The present season's edition of the above is
in the printer's hands, and will be issued in a
few days, when it will be duly posted to all
Customers, and may be had Gratis and Post-
free upon application.
THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
NEW SEEDS FOR AUTUMN SOWING.
TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM, WINTER RAPE,
RYE, AGRICULTURAL MUSTARD, WINTER TARES,
ITALIAN RYE-6RA88, PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, L.
Samples and Quotations on application.
THE LAWSON SEED & NURSERY COMPANY
(LIMITED),
106, SOUTHWARK STREET, LONDON, S.E.
THURSDAY NEXT.
L^ELIA ELBGANS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Mr. F. Sander,
of St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, August 16, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the most
wonderful consignment of LyELIA ELEGANS ever seen, in extra condition and health.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
PUMPS and PUMPING MACHINERY
Of every description for Steam, Water, Wind,
Horse, or Manual Power,
Prices upon application -with particulars of requirements.
Warner's Garden, Farm, or
Greenhouse Lift Pumps.
Warner's Improved Farmer's Fire Engine, or
Portable Force Pump foi Manure.
Warner's Portable Pump, wiih
Improved Valves for Liquid
Manure.
J. WARNER & SONS, Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers,
CRESCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.G.
FOSTEE k PEAESOI, BEESTOI, MTTS.
<
PROM THB
' GARDENEK3
CHKONICLE."
August ii, 1SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
i6S
EBBS' EMPEROR
CABBAGE.
The Best Cabbage in Cultivation,
6(1. and Is. per Packet, 23. per Ounce.
Mr J. Mulr, In the "Journal of Horti-
culture," of May 24, 1883, says: —
"Our larsest piece of Spring Cabbage
measures 70 feet x 50 feet, and here
we have many sorts growing. The
best of all these at the present time is
WEBBS' EMPEROR."
Per Ounce, Post-free.
EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE .. 8d.
ENFIELD MARKET do. .. 8d.
EARLY BAINHAM do. .. 9d.
EARLY DWARF YORK do. . . 6d.
RED DVTCH do. 6d. pkt. Is.
ONION.
PacVet. Ounce.
WEBBS' NEW RED GLOBE TRIPOLI, 6d. Is.
WEBBS' WHITE ITALIAN TRIPOLI, 6d. 9d.
LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI . . 6d. 9d.
GLANT ROCCA 6d. Ig.
WHITE LISBON 6d.
WHITE SPANISH, or READING .. 6d.
All Garden Seeds Free by Post or Rail.
5 PER CENT. DISCOUNT FOR CASH.
WEBB &, SONS,
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY.8T0URBRIDGE.
D A N I E L S'
WHITE ELEPHANT TRIPOLI.
The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference.
Seed, wiih complete Cultural Directions,
IS. fid. per packet, post-free.
Daniels Bros. fi^^^^^rT'), Norwich.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from iZs. to 36^-. per dozen.
These World-famed KOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
NOTICE TO THE TRADE.
MESSRS. GREGORY & EVANS
beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally,
that they have the largest stock of ERICA HVEMALIS,
in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade. Other
varieties in proportion.
Inspection Invited.
LONG LANDS NURSERY, SIDCUP,
AND AT LEE, S.E.
CABBAGE
FOR PRESENT SOWING
\ BUTTONS*
IMPERIAL.
The best Cab-
bage for spring
use. If sown the
first or second
week in Angust
it wilt produce
beautiful Cab-
bages for early
.«. p r i n E use.
Heads cone-
shaped, very
larire. firm, and
of mild tIavDur.
Is, per ounce.
ENFIELD MARKET, 6</. per ounce.
SUTTONS' IMPROVED NONPAREIL, qY. per ounce.
IMPROVED EARLY DWARF YORK, 8-V. per ounce.
LARGE BLOOD-RED, ^d. per ounce.
Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans) : all goods
value 20J. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England or
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SUTTON & SONS,
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.
East Lothian Intermediate Stocks.
''PHOMAS METHVEN and SONS
•- beg lo ofler their choice strain of the above, in four colours,
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each colour. Price lo the Trade on application.
15 Princes Street, Edinburgh.
rHE SELECTED BURGHLEY
PRESIDENT STRAWBERRY.
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R. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford.
SEEDS,
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FERNS A SPECIALITY.
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W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
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THE
SATURDAY, AUGUST ii, 1883.
THE FENLAND.
THE noblest view in England, according to
William Cobbelt, is that from the rising
ground at Sutton, in the Fens, between Cam-
bridge and Ely. I'rom the highest roof of the
cathedral at Ely the same wide expanse ot
cornfields and grass may be seen with a stil
more distant horizon.
The Fens, like the Weald of Sussex, take Ihe
shape of a horse-shoe, with an encircling bound-
ary of hills on all sides except that which is open
to the sea ; and in each case the existing counti y
was once laid under water which has been
removed, by natural subsidence in the Weald,
by artificial drainage in the Fens, leaving behind
a country composed of peat and siit — a stage
remarkable for the historic dramas played
thereon, and well suited for gardening. The
oldest gardening m England was that of the
Wealden, where the Romans introduced the art ;
and some of the most fertile land in England
best suited for gardens is that of the Fens. A
Mulberry tree stands hard by the cathedral of
Ely on the south side in the sun, in tlie garden
of a canon, and as the continuity of the clergy
in residence here has been unbroken since the
abbey was founded on this spot by St. Ethel-
reda, A.D. 673, the cultivation of fruit trees
which the Romans left behind them has no
doubt been so too. It is needless to repeat
the story of what we owe the monks in
the way of gardening. The Vine, we may be
sure, they grew ; for wine maketh glad the heart
of man, and we have evidence of the cheerful-
ness of the monks of Ely in the following lines,
written by a king : —
" Cheerful sang the monks of Ely
As Knut the king was passing by ;
* Row to the shore, knights,* said tlie king,
'And let us hear these churchmen sing.""
Wine was grown at all the religious houses,
and it must have been particularly needful
amid the swamps of the undrained Fens. We
would describe the Fens as gardeners grateful
to our predecessors, to the monks who fostered
gardening in the great abbeys at Ely, Crow-
land, and Peterborough, and to those who sub-
sequently laid the country dry, and covered it
with farm dwellings and gardens which may
now be counted by the thousand. An area of
750,000 acres is included in the Fens, which
extend 73 miles from Lincoln to near Cam-
bridge north and south, and 36 miles from
Peterborough to Brandon west and east. Ely
is in the very hear: of the Fens, and from the
western tower, standing on the boss of the
leaden roof, turning round like a pivot on that
dizzy height, you may detect the boundary-line
of chalk hills which enclose them, with the
spires and towers of Cambridge and of Peter-
borough, and the village beyond Crowland that
gave Hereward the Wake his title of Lord of
Bourne. The high ground of Norfolk lies on
the east, and Lynn and the waters of the Wash
on the north.
Within these boundaries, further than the eye
can reach, a desolate waste of waters covered
1 66
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, 1883.
the flats, with little islets, eys, here and there
thickly planted with Oaks and Willows, and
now the sites of the villages and churches
which pleasantly dot the landscape. Over the
wet, bedraggled region fever mists hung for
centuries. The sole wealth and comfort of the
country consisted in the abundance of wild fowl
and fish, which formed the support of an amphi-
bious race of Fen-men, who paddled and waded
among the reeds, or stalked through the shal-
lows on stilts.
The earliest inhabitants of the Fens, accord-
ing to Messrs. Miller and Skertchley, in
their elaborate work. The Fenland, were the
Iberians, in the Stone period, who possessed
among their domestic animals the indigenous
short-horned ox of Britain, Bos longifrons, a
distinct animal from Bos Urus, the parent of
our ordinary breeds, which was introduced
about .\.D. 449. There are numerous remains
of these swarthy little men whose old blood is
still traced in the short, black-haired, dark-eyed
people of Wales. Cccsar found them in Britain
side by side with the fair Kelts, who v/ere sub-
sequent invaders, a race of " tall stature, broad
skulls, fair hair, and blue eyes, uncouth features,
and small hands." Rude works o( drainage
and embanking were executed by these people,
and afterwards more elaborate works by the
Romans, and, at a later period, by the Saxons and
Danes. During the whole course of our history
the higher ground at Ely, Crowland, Thorney,
Peterborough, and Ramsey, was occupied, and
the Fenland was resorted to as a camp of re-
fuge by Kelts, British, Saxons, or English, at
the time of invasion or during the several
great internal struggles and civil v.-ars, from the
period of Simon de Montfort to that of Charles I.
Kingsley's attractive picture of the Fens in
Hereward the Wake, relates to the greatest of the
struggles, and we find therein a description of
Earl Leofric's hall at Bourne, where the feudal
castle of the Wakes afterwards stood. There is
no historic record of the older residence, and
Kingsley in his picture of the hall of the great
earl, the father of Herewaid, mainly describes one
of the wooden houses such as the Saxon nobility
inhabited. It was probably a one-storeyed
assemblage of high-peaked roofs, built of stone
below and wood above with the great hall in the
centre and numerous other apartments and lean-
to buildings, including a great kitchen and a
chapel. Around it were the farm buildings,
barns, and stables, which a large farmer, like a
Saxon Thane, would require, and the whole was
defended by an outer circle of palisades and
earthworks.
Omitting the quaint details of mediaeval life
in the Fens, we pass to a period which heralds
the modern order of things when, in 1620, the
Dutchman Vermuyden was employed to drain
the Fens. His success was partial, for in the
last centuiy Arthur Young could still describe
them as drowned in water and ague-stricken.
Birds and fish were in excchis. " Butter-
bumps," or bitterns, abounded ; starlings
swarmed in the reeds, pike were taken in the
meres weighing 52 lb. each. As the waters of
Whittlesea were sunk at the time it was laid
dry, many tons offish were taken out with nets,
pike weighing 51b., 151b., and 20 lb. ; perch
weighing 3 lb. and 4 lb. ; and the last acre was
covered with fish to a depth of i A- foot. The bream,
the roach, and the chub were left to rot on the
surface, and for many days eels continued to
be taken from the mud by people wading with
flat boards to widen the soles of their shoes.
Adders, as well as snakes, were so numerous in
the Fens that seventy vipers were bought one
year, at a price offered, for the sake of diminish-
ing the number of these reptiles. The dykes
swarmed with frogs, whose melancholy croak-
ing formed the music of spring. All this was
changed forever, we may hope, by the effective
works of drainage under the Act of 1844. The
subsequent rise in the value of land has been
astonishing. A thousand undrained acres, let
at ^10 a year, were worth ^2000 when dry.
Under the old system of windmill drainage —
those picturesque mills which E. W. Cook loved
to sketch— the drainage taxes were not less than
4.r. 6d. an acre, and 80 acres were sold at ^904,
so that parts of the Fens were still very ineffec-
tively drained. An estate sold at .£7000 which
afterwards realised ^57,000. At the present
moment the wet seasons have reduced the
value of the Fens, but this is not the fault of
the land, and sunny skies will restore all its old
fertility.
' ' We see, we recognise, we almost deem
The present fiction and the past a dream."
A few years since the vitality of seeds taken
from the buried forests in the peat was warmly
though erroneously maintained. During the
construction of the Great Northern Railway a
submerged forest was discovered over which
the peat had accumulated 3 or 4 feet during the
thousands of years since the sea broke in and
engulphed the flat. It was composed of Oak,
Ash, and Willow, with an undergrowth of
Hazel, and many nuts and acorns were re-
covered. The antiseptic property of peat is
destructive to the vitality of seeds, and so is
time : but a clergyman nevertheless succeeded,
as he believed, in obtaining several young
plants from the nuts. Sir William Hooker was
appealed to, and some of the supposed seedlings
from the peat were sent to Kew, the reverend
sower expressing himself as having " no more
doubt of their reality than of his own existence."
It need hardly be added that Sir William
Hooker placed this error of the growth of the
long-buried nuts in the same category as the
similar mistakes relating to the growth of other
ancient seeds, such as the Raspberry seed of
the Roman tomb and the Wheat from an
Egyptian mummy. Rambler.
SCILL.^ (LEDEBOURIA) LIVID.\, n. j/,»
This is a new Scilla of the subgenus Ledebouria,
just imported from the Cape of Good Hope by Messrs.
F. Ilorsman & Co., of Colchester. It belongs to the
group of species of which S. lance^efolia is the type,
and conies nearest to S. socialis, Baker, in Rcf. Bot,,
t. 181.
Bulb large, ovoid, above an inch in diameter, with
thin brown outer tunics and a dense tuft of long root-
fibres. Leaves 6 — 8 in a rosette, contemporary with
the flowers in July, sessile, lanceolate, 6 — 8 inches
long, I — \\ inch broad, narrowed gradually to an
acute point, bright green, glabrous, without any spots
or lines. Peduncle green, terete, 4 — 5 inches long at
the flowering time. Raceme dense, oblong, 3 — 4
inches long, 15 — 16 lines broad ; bracts minute, del-
toid ; pedicels erecto-patent, \ — J inch long Peri-
anth green, oblong, ! inch long, green, tinged on the
outside with very dull purple ; segments ligulate.
Filaments bright mauve-purple, shorter than the peri-
anth segments ; anthers minute. Ovary stipitate,
subglobose, with two collateral ovules in a cell ; style
\ inch long. J. G. Baker.
TRICHOPILIA KIENASTIANA (Rchb.f.), 71. sp.f
An eld acquaintance of mine. It was February,
1873, when I first saw a single flower of this, kindly
^ Scilla {Ledehouriii) livida, n, sp. — Bulbo mag:no ovoideo :
foliis 6—8 synanthiis sessilibus lanceolatis immaculatis racemo
cum pedunculo vix brevioribus ; pedunculo 4 — 5-polIicari ;
racemo denso oblongo muUifloro ; bracteis minulis ; pedicetlis
ascendentibus flore subduplo longioribus ; perianthio oblongo
zj^ 111). longo segmentis utrinque viridibns extus lividis : fila-
mentis purpureis inclusis ; ovario subgloboso stipitalo ; ovulis
geminis collateralibus. y. G. Baker.
t Trichofiilia Kicitn-stiajia.Ti. sp. — Pseiidobulbo fate ligulato
apaco (bipollicari) ; folio obloDgoIieiulato acuto (spithamseo) ;
racemis poirectis bifloris ; bracteis oblongig acutis ovaria pedi-
cellata noa oequantibus ; sepalis tepalisque cuneato-ljfiulatis
obtuse acutis ; labello longe cum columiia connato cuneato dila-
tato trilobo lobis lateralibus obtusangulis ; lobo antico porrecto
crispulo emarginato, plicis nullis ; columnasandroclinio breviter
membraaaceo denticulato. H. G. Rckb.f,
forwarded by Mr. W. Bull. I got no further informa-
tion about bulb, leaf, and origin, and the flower, as
well as ray sketch and notes, was kept in my herba-
rium. Finally, in June last, Herr Consul Kienast, Zblly
(Ztiric, Ramistrasse) sent me not only several in-
florescences, but even — ex pnEcordiis — s. bulb and a
leaf.
I learn that this ardent collector found a tiny plant
at Mr. F. Sander's labelled " Chestertoni." The poor
dwarf was treated with the greatest love, and now it
is a stately plant, flowering in profusion. It is a
pleasure to dedicate it to its benevolent saviour, who
is inferior to nobody in love and genial management
of Orchids, and at once with Mr. Ottgies the facile
princcps of growers of Pescatoreas and Bolleas.
Our plant stands near Trichopilia suavis, Lindl.,
and Backhousiana, Rchb. f. Bulb and leaf look much
like those organs of the species just named, and the
shape of the flower is comparable to, though the lip is
not so stately as in T. suavis, Lindl.- The peduncle
would appear to be usually two-flowered. Sepals and
petals are linear-ligulate, blunt, acute, straight, or
nearlyso. Lip three-lobed, lateral lobes median, obtuse
angled ; anterior lobe porrect, wavy, emarginate,
the adherence of the claw to the lip goes very high on
the column and is linear, where it is very broad tri-
angular in Trichopilia suavis, and short and square in
Trichopilia Backhousiana. The rather slender and
long column has an oblique membranous hood at its
back, with small teeth (no fringes, as in Trichopilia
suavis). The anther is broad and acute over the
front. The flowers are white, with a few yellow lines
or spots on the disc of the lip. It is a very good
species. H. G. Rchb.f.
CaLANTHE ANCHOR! FEK a, 11. Sp.*
A curious Polynesian Calanthe, imported by Mr.
W. Bull (753), who had it in flower in December last.
The general habit of the leaf, the hairy peduncle, the
short velutinous bracts are like those of the common
C. veratrifolia, R. Br. The whitish-ochre flowers
have very small petals, much shorter pedicels and
ovaries, and the lip is remarkably distinct. The
anterior lacinia, bent like an anchor, suggested the
name. H. G. Rchb. f.
CAMPANULAS.
My note on the Campanulas (p. 74) has led to a
considerable amount of correspondence, and brought
prominently before me the variability of the plant
under garden culture. My friend, Mr. Wolley Dod,
had a note on the same page showing the " polymor-
phous character of C. rotundifolia," and a bunch of
seedlings he sent, to me fully proves his statement, and
shows that the Campanula is easily influenced, pro-
bably by bee-borne pollen, so that it is difficult to
raise true typical forms from home-saved seed where
many varieties are grown in the same garden. Mr,
Dod doubted the correctness of the distinction I
drew (p. 74) between C. turbinata and C. carpatica,
because almost all his turbinatas had branched stalks,
each branch bearing flowers, and we have exchanged
specimens accordingly. My original plants of C. tur-
binata, bought about seven years ago, carry but one
flower on one stalk, and agree exactly with the
plate iii. in Wooster's Alpine Plants^ ist series,
published 1S74. We may, I think, take it that the
plant was newly introduced from Transylvania about
that date, as I cannot And an earlier record of it in
England ; and my original plant was acquired very
shortly after this date, so I feel sure it is perfectly true
to name. It still keeps to its distinctive habit of
growth as before described, and is a very different
plant to C. carpatica. I further find that new plants
we are now blooming, and which we have raised from
Mr. Thompson's seed, have branched stems, and are
scarcely distinguishable from carpatica'; and it is thus
probable that the seedling stock so raised throughout
England is not true. By turning to plate xxi. in the
same volume C. carpatica alba will be found figured,
and here the distinctions between the two sorts will be
at once seen, the stem being much branched, carrying
many flowers.
* Calanthe anchoy-i/c/-a, n. sp. — Aflinis Calanthidi veratri-
folia:, R. Er. Ovaiiis pedicellatis velutinis calcara paulo
superantibus ; sepalis oblongis apiculatis extus velutinis ;
tepalis rhombeis obtusangulis apiculatis manifeste minoribus ;
labelli laciniis lateralibus ligulatis retusis antrorsis, isthmo recto
brevi ; lactnia antice biloba, lacinulis semilunatis antice lobu-
latis ; callis ter ternis iriserialis, aotepositis apiculis quibuj^dam
inlinea mediana ; calcarifiliforml velutino ovarium pedicellatum
subsquante. Ex Polynesia, inlrod. cl. Bull. H. G. Rchh._f.
August ii, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
167
Against this view we have Messrs. Froebel's plate,
at p. 28 of their Catalogue, No. 93, for autumn, 1881,
where C. turbinata pelviformis is figured with a
branched stem. Perhaps Messrs. Frobel will give us
the history of this plant. We have it now in (lower
here, and can see no dilTerence whatever between it
and C. carpatica, except in its cymbal-shaped flower.
Of the latter we have a great variety of seedlings both
in shape like the above and even retroflexed, and of
all shades, from white to blue, so that a pretty long
list ol varieties of C. carpatica alone could be made
out.
Amongst all this confusion it is, therefore, worth
while to try to establish the genuine plant if it be
practicable.
I find the same variability in our English Campan-
ulas, C. Rapunculus and Trachelium. These are
growing almost wild here, and in the same garden
are also abundant plants of rapunculoides and bar-
bata. The pollen of all these appears to have got
intermixed until it is difficult to single out a true
seedling plant of either rapunculoides or Trachelium
— some of the latter are as hirsute as barbata, and in
others the leaves vary.
Mr. Wolley Dod challenged my having C. rapun-
culoides fi.-pl., and I sent him a series of flowers,
singles and doubles, and from these he decided
against me. A party of botanists were here a few
days ago, and with the plants before them they differed
from Mr. Dod — truly " the hands were the hands of
Esau, but the voice was the voice of Jacob." The
flowers are the shape of the true rapunculoides, but
they carry the hairs of Trachelium. Here then we
have in'the Campanula a plant which seems especially
liable to hybridisation, and I hope we shall see some
more of its hybrid forms.
With reference to the double form of C. rapun-
culoides, which I believe is at present an unrecorded
species, I still think I have it, as well as the double
form of C. Trachelium. I send you flowers of both
varieties, and will thank you to name them. With
each is the single form of the same plant. I also
send you C. turbinata, true, and C. turbinata pelvi-
formis, and the seedling varieties of C. turbinata, also
several varieties of C. carpatica. IVin. Brockbaitk,
Brockhurst^ Didshtry, July 28,
[Mr. Brockbank's Campanulas are interesting, but
they offer no greater range of individual variability
than almost any common plant in a wild state does
within a comparatively restricted area. Take Car-
damine pratensis, Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Sonchus
oleraceus, or Ranunculus acris, and it will be difficult to
find two plants of any one of these species exactly
alike, while the extreme forms may be so different as
to constitute "sub-species" or even the species of
some authors who love "critical" species. Any one
ol these forms may come true from seed for a number
of generations, or the first batch of seedlings may
exhibit considerable variation, and that without
hybridisation. Among all the Campanulas sent by
Mr. Brockbank there is not one that I should take
for a hybrid. Possibly, however, the one he regards
as C. rapunculoides flore-pleno is a hybrid between
C. Trachelium and C. rapunculoides, though my
opinion, based upon the specimen sent, is that it is
simply a variety of C. Trachelium, having the charac-
teristic broad calyx-lobes of that species, but almost
destitute of the bristly hairs usually present.
The seven forms labelled " C. rapunculoides
largest, and C. Rapunculus smallest," are all varieties
of C. rapunculoides, taking the species in a wide
sense, and exhibit none of the characteristics of the
very distinct C. Rapunculus. C. Trachelium is cor-
rectly named. Then as to the specific rank of C.
turbinata, as distinguished from C. carpatica, Mr.
Brockbank's seedlings prove that it at most deserves
the rank of an inconstant variety, or variation, one
might term it, C. carpatica is commonly described
as glabrous, but Jacquin {Hortits Vi7idobonensis^ i.,
p. 22, t. 57), the author of the species, figures a hairy
state, and describes the species as hairy or glabrous,
and the branches as being one or few-flowered. The
following is a translation of Schott's original descrip-
tion {Analixia Bolanica, p. 14, and GLstcrreichisches
Botanisches Wochcnhlalt, 1855, p. 357) of the species,
as well as his amended description of C. car-
patica ; —
C, turbinata (C. carpatica transylvanica of authors
in part). — Hairy, leaves opaque, with rectilinear
teeth ; calyx-tube campanulate turbinate, segments
spreading and reflexed, gradually cuspidate, cusp
three times shorter than the rest of the segment ;
corolla broadly turbinate (gradually spread out, not
ventricose), lobes erect at the tips. Early corolla
deep violet.
C. carpatica, Jacq. — Glabrous (except the calyx) ;
leaves shining, with curved teeth ; calyx-tube hemi-
spherical turbinate (top-shaped), with the reflexed
segments abruptly cuspidate, cusp twice shorter than
the rest of the segment ; corolla somewhat pelviform
(basin-shaped), immediately above the base ventri-
cose (bellied), lobes recurved, spreading at the tip.
Flowering much later than the first, and the corolla
bluer.
Nyman (Compcclus Fhr,r Eiiropiciv, p. 4S2) reduces
C. turbinata to C. carpatica, yet he originally regarded
it as distinct. IV. B. H.\
A BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
GARDEN.— X.
yuM 24. — " Ere the parting hour go by, quick,
thy tablets, Memory." In less than a week July
will be here, and June will fade away into the
past and be forgotten, while more than half its
loveliness is still unnoted and untold. So here
on Midsummer night, when the spirits of earth and
air have power, let me call back for a moment the
dear-worth vision of flowers that were my; delight in
the gone sweet days of early June. I would try also
to fix the remembrance ol a few, out of the thousand
glories of the day, doomed to die before ever the story
of next month begins. And first the Pteonies, which I
have as yet scarcely named. Earliest of all came the
crimson-pink single Paeony, with yellow stamens and
bluish leaves, like a giant Rose of Sharon (the single
red Scotch Rose) ; then the pale pink double one ;
then the heavy crimson, that pales so quick in sua or
rain ; then, most beautiful of all, the pure, cold,
white Pseony, with a faint tinge of colour on its outer
petals. Last of all, the large rose-red— rose colour,
with an evanescent perfume, like a dream of the smtll
of a wild Rose, yet in substance so staunch a flower
that I have known rose I'aeonies retain their beauty
for two full weeks in a glass of water. All these,
however, excepting one or two, who here and there
outstay the rest, are gone by.
And then the Elder 1 The hedgerows have been
white with it ; and there were days when all the air
was scented with Elder. The path under our one
tree is now a milky way, covered with a myriad of little
fallen stars. They remind one of the far away Olives'
starry blossoms when they fall softly among Lady
Tulips and Gladioli in May. Syringa has come and
almost gone ; three varieties — the old small one, the
large-flowered, and the half-double sort. I like most
the first, and this has also the most powerful scent. A
large old bush of it grows in the grass, just without
the glass door in the wall opening into the green-
house. Poor Syringa ! best hated and best loved of
flowers. The lovers of it hail its blooming with
enthusiasm, and break off bits to wear as they pass
the bush, whilst others will go the other way round
to avoid passing near.
And now, at this very time, has come a new burst
of Irises — the narrow-leaved kind. Not the real
Spanish Irises ; their time is not yet. We have a few
old plants whose flowers are deep bronze, flame-
centred, in yellow gold ; and a stronger, commoner
kind, ot full lilac colour. One little plant, growing
in a pet corner by the iron gate in the south wall, has
a delicate primrose and lilac-tipped bloom. And
there is the great white Flag Iris, whose grand leaves
stand 4 feet high. The right place has not yet been
found for this fine plant. For three years past he has
just borne with us, and no more ; I fear he dislikes
us, and he shows it. By the watercourse the yellow
Flags are as yellow as possible, in rich contrast with
their dark green leaves ; and in the " fantaisie," where
the white China Tulip stood last month, showing
bright against the dusky Cryptomeria elegans, is now
a fine root of Iris sibirica alba. The blue sibirica is
good, but this white variety is most lovely. One
could not pass it by without remarking the peculiar
whiteness of its small shapely flowers set on such long
slender stalks. How wonderful are the contrasts of
white in flowers. Of those now in bloom together, one
hardly knows which to call the whitest of them all.
The little Iris, however, retains through its whiteness
a dim remembrance, as it were, of blue.
There is the kitchen garden too ! The fresh and
brilliant beauty, that just now it holds within its walls,
will soon be past, giving place to richer, more sober
colours. Looking through the old ironwork of the
gate, up the straight middle walk, there is such a
splendour of brightly blended colour in the flowers
on either side ! Vet the flowers arc in their
prime ; the keynote of colour is white — double
Rockets, double white Pyrcthrums, and white
Pinks. Bending down over the walk, mixing in with
the whiteness, glowing through leaf and branch in
brilliant intervals of light, are Roses — pink, crimson,
blush ; Himalaya Poppies, tender or dazzling in their
hue ; clouds of pale blue Delphinium, with spires of
deepening blue, over-topping all the rest. Just mid-
way, between the pink and crimson Roses, a Brier,
wreathed about wilh small yellow blooms, hangs over
the cross walks at the corner. Masses of low blue
Campanula fill in below or between the larger flowers.
Right at the end, another iron gate, lets in the
glimmering of cool shades beyond. A little wren's
nest is there, ensconced snugly in a bowery Clematis,
halfway up the pillar — the nest cannot be seen so far
off: but I know well how the small entrance hole is
quite filled up with greedy lit tie yellow beaks and gaping
mouths ! The little mother is hard at work for them,
somewhere near — hunting the bark of an old Elm,
most likely. The golden wrens have brought out
their families : two nestsful. We found the nests
hanging in the Yews, and now the garden seems to be
full of little elfin scissors' grinders, busy all day long.
I have a fancy to open the gate and go all round
the kitchen garden quite prosaically. The other
garden will seem still sweeter, after. Here, on the
left is a breadth of wonderful Lettuces, round and
close, like small round Cabbages, wilh milk-white
middles ; and beyond, some taller tied-up ones, more
like salad ! Near the Lettuces are tall ranks of Peas,
hung all over with well-filled pods. I think I like
these beautiful green Peas, growing here, as much as
when served up in a dish for dinner. There seems
always to be something attractive to Art in pea pods,
from the pods sculptured on the great bronze gates of
the cathedral at Pisa, or the raised needlework of the
sixteenth century, to the portraits of Marrowfats or
Telegraph Pea in the advertisement sheets of garden-
ing papers (these last are really pictures, though not
meant so.) I remember being once shown a white
satin spencer of Queen Elizabeth's, embroidered in
butterflies and green Pea pods, half open, to show
the row of Peas within.
I think there is Beet-root, and a fine lot of
young Cabbages, beyond the Peas — in which no one
can feel any particular interest ; and oh ! such a
sweet patch of seedling Mrs. Sinkins white Pink. I
wish that Pink did possess a more poetical name —
Arethusa or Boule de Neige ! but the thing is dene,
and to the end of time Mrs. Sinkins will be herself.
Next comes a little square of Japanese Iris, the tall
stems tipped with swelling buds, whose grand unfold-
ing I long to see. Rows of young Sage plants grow
near, quite unlike sage-green, so called, in colour ; and
a nice little plantation of healthy looking Fennel, That
is for broiled mackerel : but there is to me another
interest connected with Fennel that lies in a lurking
hope, always unfulfilled, of finding upon it a cater-
pillar of the rare Papilio regina. Caterpillars of
another sort are only too multitudinous on the
Currants growing up the walls. The pertinacious
increase of them, and the sawflies belonging to them,
is not short of miraculous. One may stamp out
whole families and clear the bushes, and next morn-
ing they will be beginning again. Invariably, how-
ever, in the act of destroying there creeps in a sort of
questioning, whether the caterpillars have not full as
good a right to the Currants as we have ; except,
indeed, that we and not they planted them. But
they would seem to have at least a right to live-^
more perhaps than we to have tarts, yet they are
spared none the less for such-like uncomfortable
reflections. On the south wall the fruit trees seem
to be more or less flourishing. An old Nectarine
is covered with fruit. Then comes Apricot tree
No. I, on which I find no Apricots ; Nos. 2 and 3
the same, 4 dead, and 5 with a good few on it. Then
we come to Peaches : plenty of them. Then a beau-
tiful dark-leaved Fig tree, and then the Cherries,
well fruited and well netted. And so on, round the
walls. Near the wren's nest there is another large
patch of Pinks, commoner and better than any, with
the neatest lacing of purple-madder or lake. And
here a powerful fragrance stops one short ; it is the
Strawberries, smelling deliciously They are littered
down with clean straw, and netted close for the dis-
comfiture of blackbirds. The scent takes me back
i68
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, 1SS3.
a, very long way — back to an inconceivable time,
when this old smell of Strawberries, borne across
the hedge in the hot noon-lide of some summer
holiday, was reason enough to set us wild vagrants
of the garden, scrambling through the Thorns
to seize the exquisite delight of spoiling our neighbour's
Strawberries — a joy that was never marred, for we
were never found out. Sun and rain have both been
kind, and this is our second week of immense red
Presidents, one of the oldest and best of Strawberries.
The espaliers are showing plenty of Apples and
Pears. Three Pear trees, standing at the four cross-
ways, are curiously in bloom ; the blossoms are all
sickly-looking and undersized, but the trees are covered
with them up to the very top, while fruit is set at the
same time. I dislike this unnatural blooming, for the
mind will persist in reverting to fooliih sayings and
superstitions connected with trees bearing fruit and
flower at the same time.
Among the pleasant sights of this midsummer-tide,
perhaps the pleasantest of all, is the great thicket of
wild Roses growing within the wire network that
bounds the tennis-lawn, on the garden side. The
east shining full upon it, every morning brings forth a
crowd of new blown Roses. Very often, as you pass
into their sweet presence from under the Plane trees,
the air is redolent of a subtle perfume — not always,
though, nor every day, for Roses are capricious of
their scents. The yellow stamened centre of each
flower glows like a tiny lamp of gold, and the soft
petals surrounding it are pink of the tenderest dye.
"Were these the canker-blooms of Shakespeare? If
so, and if in his day they were said to live unwooed,
and unrespected die, surely now the tide has turned —
the wild Rose is beloved of all ; while we must con-
fess that garden Roses now-a-days do not always " die
sweet deaths."
July 22. —
" It is not growing like a tree
In bulk that makes man better be,
The Lily ot a day
Is fairer far in May,
Although it fall and die that night,
It was the plant and flower of light."
Once more, our favourite old Ben ! Roses are
gone, and the memory of them is as of something
too beautiful for words. And Lilies, too, are
over ; the fairest of them, the tall white Lily,
with her shining head — nil candidium — pure as
the shining robe of saints in heaven — better than
Solomon in his glory. She, too, is past ; nothing
of her remains but long dismal stems with down-
hanging shrivelled leaves and melancholy pointals,
undrest of beauty — to tell of her former pride. July
must be all retrospect, for all is over — or so it seems
to me. After an absence of a few days, on returning
to the garden, I find there is a change ; an autumnal
feeling in the air, and withered leaves are blown
across the lawn. Faint perfumes linger still about the
Limes, and though no sor.g birds are there, the sound
of bees is heard in the green depths above. But we
no longer would breakfast under the Limes as we did
so short a while since in summer days departed.
Wind and rain have done their worst amongst the
flowers, and yet there is consolation in what remains.
The best are past away, but beautiful new things are
coming on. The Evening Primrose (CEnothera)
already lights up the garden ways. Variegated
Maples, with their foliage white as ivory, look their
best against the darkening Elms.* The hedge of
Sweet Peas is, for the moment, in beauty. Sweet Peas
go off too quick in our light, warm soil, so we try
to prolong their blooming to the latest limit by
cutting off their seeds as fast as they appear.
Purple draperies of Clematis in many shades, from
the deepest violet softening into grey, make the old
brick garden walls beautiful, or the same Clematis
droops from trellises or clambers up the trees in many
parts of the garden. Almost always it so happens
that the tender green of Vines mingles with the
purple. There is something almost unpleasing in the
arrangement of four petals of Clematis Jackmanni, but
one forgives much for the sake of such grand colour-
ing. No climbing plant comes near the Vine perhaps
in perfect grace and beauty of line. The fruitful
Vine gives delight to the eye in far larger measure
than Virginian Creeper, or any other of our green
hangings upon the walls of a house. The Vine is
* A small branchlet in one of these white Maples has run
back to the 01 initial green, and this is also the sole bit of the
tree that bears a bunch of keys.
more obedient, and yet more free, and its intelligence
is greater. Thinking of the Vine as of a person, one
would say that her foliage shows all the variety of
genius. Scarcely will you find two leaves alike in shape,
or size, or colour. The youngest leaves, half trans-
parent and golden-green, or reddened by the sun : on
some the light lies cold and grey. If the Vine is trained
round the window the leaves seen from within and
spread against the light glow like green fires. The
very shadiest recesses of the Vine are full of light.
And then the tenderness and strength of her slender
beautiful tendrils ! How they reach out like sentient
hands ! And when they have found, how strong and
firm their clasp ! Then, who does not know and love
the curious aroma of her small green flowers, bring-
ing back to memory the smell of a Southern vineyard.
Very soon now, autumn suns will swell the clustered
fruit, and purple bloom begin to show between the
leaves. A Vine is one of the only trees whose every
leaf, well nigh, may be painted with care in a picture
and yet not seem too much made out. Rarely, however,
can human hand give the fine thinness and yielding
texture of a Vine leaf !
We are never without Portulaca and Mesem-
bryanthemum about this time, and the two beds
of them this July are especially brilliant. Cool
colours tell beside the scarlet and orange that
mostly prevail, and in this way nothing could be more
refreshing than the dwarf Ageratum and blue Lobelia
mixed with the honey-scented Koniga maritima varie-
gata near the Carnations and Portulaca. The deep
blue with bronze foliage of the Lobelia beds in the
parterre is almost hot beside the cooler blues beyond.
The Sumac this year, for some reason, is not in beauty
— not as if a sunset cloud had settled down upon it.
The multitude of new green shoots would seem to
overpower the crimsoned fluff. E. V. B.
the common Bulrush (S. lacustris), under which it is
placed as a sub-species in the SttidcNfs Flora^ it
differs in its smaller size, and in the style being two-
cleft and not three-cleft, as in S. lacustris. Some of
the more minute characters relied on for distinction
between the two seem to be not always trustworthy.
As before stated, Juncus zebrinus now should be
altogether sunk, and the name of Scirpus Tabernce-
montani var. zebrina used instead. Geo. Nicholson^
Royal Gardens^ Aew.
THE BANDED RUSH.
"This remarkable Japanese plant (which has been
introduced to cultivation [under the name of Juncus
zebrinus] through the agency of Mr. T. Hogg, of New
York) has a most peculiar appearance when growing,
the idea suggested by a group of it being that of a
cluster of porcupine quills. The plant, which is a
true Ru=;h, throws up erect terete leaves, but these,
instead of being green, are transversely banded with
white and green, the colours being in most cases pretty
evenly distributed ; sometimes the white prepon-
derates, the surface being either wholly white or the
green bands being narrower and less conspicuous ; but
in the best marked leaves the green and white por-
tions occupy alternately nearly equal bands of about
half an inch deep. It is a most interesting plant."
The above, copied from Mr. Bull's catalogue for i88l
(No. 176) is a fair description of this curious plant.
Mr. Bull's assertion, and the name under which it
was distributed, seem to have been sufficient for M,
Ed. Andre in IlhiUration Horticok, where the present
plant is figured and described without any expression
of doubt as a species of Juncus.
In the Gardeners' Chronicle^ n.s., vol. vii., p. 399,
a figure is given with the name used at the head of
this communication ; but the Editor definitely states
that the botanical position of the plant is uncertain.
Now that a specimen has flowered at Kew the doubts
expressed directly and indirectly in the Gardeners'
Chronicle are shown to have been fully justified, for
the plant proves to be, not a Juncus at all, but a
species of Scirpus. This knowledge may lead many
people who have hitherto failed to succeed with this
curious and interesting plant to modify their treat-
ment, and thus no doubt to achieve success.
The section of the genus Scirpus to which our plant
belongs is a thoroughly aquatic one, and the " Banded
Rush " will certainly not do well unless placed under
widely difterent conditions from those under which
one generally sees it. Planted out in the bog garden
in the new rockery at Kew it seems quite at home,
and perhaps even more so in another place at Kew,
where the pot in which the plant is growing is quite
submerged. Kept in warm houses, and without a
sufficient supply of water there is no wonder that the
growths are so thin and wiry, and that it has acquired
the character of being a plant very difficult to grow.
Scirpus Taberntemontani, under which Juncus
zebrinus of gardens must for the future be placed as
a variety, is not uncommon on the mud banks of the
Thames and some other of our rivers (mostly near
the sea). Is has a wide extra-British geographical
distribution, being found east as far as Japan. From
THE SPECIES OF TULIPA.— VIII.
{Continued from p. 153.)
Sub-genus Tulipa proper. — Stigma sessile.
Section 4. Saxatiles. — Filaments furnished with a
tuft of hairs at the base, Perianth red or lilac.
These are a little group of fine species, all belong-
ing to the oriental flora, all as yet little known in
cultivation.
40. T, saxaiilisy Sieber ; Bot. Mag., t. 6374. —
Bulb middle-sized, ovoid. Leaves 3 — 4, lanceolate
or linear, glabrous, the lowest above a foot long,
\ — l^ inch broad. Stems a foot or more long, often
two-headed. Peduncle glabrous. Perianth oblong-
infundibuliform, 2 — 7.\ inches long, the inner segments
obovate-cuspidate, 15 — z6 lines broad, the outer ob-
long, under an inch broad, all bright mauve-purple
in the upper two-thirds, and bright yellow on the
claw, without any spot. Stamens nearly an inch
long, the subcylindrical bright yellow filament, which
is densely hairy above the base, twice as long as the
oblong blackish anther. Ovary green, clavate-
trigonous, narrowed to the apex. Stigmas small.
A native of Crete, in Raulin's Zone dcs Colliiies, 500
— 2000 feet above sea-level. The flowers have a
faint Primrose scent, and appear with us at the end
of March. It was figured in the Botanical Magazine
in 1878 from specimens grown by Messrs. Maw and
Elwes. There is a closely-allied plant found near
Lucca — T. Beccariana, Bicchi — which I have not seen.
41. T. Aucheriana, Baker, n. sp. — Bulb ovoid,
middle-sized, the outer tunics with a few adpressed
hairs towards the top on the inside. Stems 4—8 inches
long, slender, glabrous, one-headed. Leaves 3—4,
linear, glabrous, acute, 4 — 6 inches long, ^ inch broad,
narrowed gradually from the middle to the base and
apex. Peduncle slender, glabrous. Perianth oblong
infundibuliform, i — i;^ inch long, all the six segments
nearly alike, oblong, acute, ^ inch broad, mauve-lilac,
with a bright yellow claw. Stamens I inch long, the
cylindrical yellow filaments twice as long as the anther,
densely hairy at the base. Ovary ampullreform-trigoH-
ous ; stigmas small. A near ally of T. saxatilis. We
have dried specimens in the Kew herbarium, gathered
long, near Ispahan, by Aucher Eloy (No. 5372 of his
distribution), and Mr. Elwes imported it alive from
Teheran in iSSo. We have also received it alive from
the Rev. H. Ilarpur-Crewe and Mr. Barr. It has a
strong fragrant scent, and flowers in April.
42. T. violacea^ Boiss. et Buhse. — Bulb ovoid,
middle-sized, with rigid dark brown outer tunics.
Stem slender, about half a foot long. Leaves three,
linear, channelled down the face, under \ inch broad.
Perianth I — i^ inch long ; segments all oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, violet, with a blackish base, with a yellow
blotch surrounding it. Filaments pilose at the base,
twice as long as the oblong violet anthers. Stigmas
small. Gathered by Buhse in the Trans-Caucasian
province of Talysch. I am not aware that any
specimens have reached this country. It evidently
comes near the two last species.
43. T. Hageri^ Heldreich ; Bot. Mag.^ tab. 6242.
— -Bulb ovoid, middle-sized. Stem one-headed, i
foot long. Leaves 3 — 4, linear, green, acute, chan-
nelled down the face, the lowest 6 — 8 inches long,
\ inch broad. Peduncle glabrous, stiffly erect.
Perianth campanulate, l^ — 2 inches long, all the seg-
ments oblong, acute, \ — \ inch broad, bright red,
often tinged with yellow outside, furnished with a
large rhomboid blue-black blotch on the claw, with a
yellow border. Stamens purplish-black, under i inch
long ; filaments slender, densely pilose at the base
longer than the linear-oblong anthers. Ovary cylix-
drical-trigonous, with small stigmas. A native of the
mountains of the Faroes range, in Attica ; gathered
first by Professor Von Heldreich, in company with
T. Orphanidea, at an elevation of r6oo feet above sea-
level. It was figured in the Botanical Magazine in
1876, from specimens grown at Kew, from bulbs pre-
sented by Mr. Elwes, and we have also had it froip
August ii, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
169
Messrs. Maw, Ellacombe and Ware ; and a closely
allied form from the Rev. }I. Ilarpur-Crewe, with
briclc-red perianth segments with an unblotched yellow
claw, from the Tahtalie Dagh, near Smyrna, brought
thence, I believe, by Mr. Maw.
44. T. pulihsUa, Kotschy ; Bot, Mag., t. 6304 ;
T. alpina, J. Gay. — .\ dwarf one-flowered species
from the alpine region (6500 — Sooo feet above sea-
level) of the Cilician Taurus. Bulb ovoid, i inch in
diameter ; outer tunics rigid, dark chestnut-brown.
Leaves three, crowded near the surface of the ground,
green, channelled down the face, obscurely ciliated ;
outer one about 3 inches long, 4 inch broad ; the
inner ones narrower. Peduncle slender, glabrous, not
more than i — 2 inches long in the wild plant. Peri-
anth infundibuliform, I^ inch long; segments nearly
uniform, oblong, acute, mauve-red in the upper two-
thirds ; claw slate-violet, with a yellow base. Fila-
ments \ inch long, flattened, whitish, densely pilose
at the base, twice as long as the oblong anthers.
Ovary cylindrical-trigonous, nearly black ; stigmas
small. Not scented. Figured in the Bolanical Maga-
zine in 1S77 from specimens sent by the Rev. H,
Harpur-Crewe. It flowers in April.
45, T, Hthynica, Griseb. ; T. turcica, Griseb., noii
Roth. — A near ally of the last species. Stem
slender, \ foot long. Leaves 3 — 6, linear, channelled
down the face, 3 — 6 inches long, \ — \ inch broad.
Perianth infundibuliform, bright red, I — ijinch long,
all the segments uniform, oblong, very acute. Fila-
ments linear, black, twice as long as the oblong
anthers, densely pilose at the base. Ovary ampullae-
form, with a narrow neck and small stigmas. A
native of the mountains of Lydia and Bithynia, and
found also near Constantinople. I do not think the
true plant has ever reached this country alive. J, G.
Baker.
i,To be continued.')
NOTOSPARTIUM CARMI-
CHAELI^.
This is a remarkable plant in many ways ; and if
it prove perfectly hardy, as it promises to, it will be a
most valuable acquisition. The accompanying en-
graving (fig. 26) conveys a very imperfect idea of it —
in fact, little more than that it has slender, leafless
branches bearing lateral racemes of Pea-like flowers.
It is the only known species of a genus that is confined
to New Zealand, a country in which the numerous and
generally diffused order of LeguminosK is only very
sparingly represented ; besides this genus there being
only the closely allied Carmichaelia, of which there
are about ten species (the only other one known
having been recently discovered in Lord Howe's
Islands), and one species each of Swainsona, Clian-
thus, and Sophora. Notospartium, or Southern
Broom, as its name signifies, is a shrub or small tree,
rising in favourable situations to a height of 20 feet,
but usually, as would appear from the notes on the
labels attached to the specimens in Kew Her-
barium, about 6 to 8 feet high, with long, slender,
pendulous branchlets, quite destitute of leaves.
All collectors agree in describing it as a most
beautiful object when laden with its bluish-purple
blossoms ; and the colonists have named it "Pink
Broom."
Judging from the wild specimens the clusters
of flowers should be at least three times as long
under the most favourable conditions ; the longest
one in the wild specimens being about 2 inches.
Dr. Munro, the first or next to the first collector
of the specimens in the Kew Herbarium, notes that
it grows in sandy and rocky places, and Dr. Haast
gathered it "along beds of rivers at elevations of
1200—2000 feet above sea-level." It inhabits the
provinces of Canterbury and Otago, and we should
expect it to be quite as hardy as the White Broom,
Cytisus albus. The ultimate branchlets vary con-
siderably in length and thickness, some of them being
very long and flexible, and almost thread-like, while
in other specimens they are comparatively short and
stiff, as they are represented in the engraving.
Although leafless in the flowering stage, young plants
are furnished with small roundish or oblong leaves
notched at the tip, as some seedlings sent home by
Mr. T. Kirk show. The plant from which our draw-
ing was made is growing in the nursery of Messrs.
Veitch at Combe Wood, where it has lived unpr6-
tected for several years.
Some of the species of Carmichaelia, which have
pink, bluish, or white flowers, must be much hardier
than the present shrub, as they grow at a greater
elevation in a higher latitude. They are very similar
in habit and floral structure, but the flowers of most
of the species are considerably smaller, and of some
of them they are even minute, yet as they are pro-
duced in dense clusters they are not unattractive.
The pods of C. australis are curious and pretty.
When ripe the two valves fall away, leaving a slender
oval frame about half an inch long, with usually one
coral-red seed hanging from the middle on one side.
Fig. 26. — NOTOSPARTIUM CABMICHAELI.'E.
though there are sometimes two or three. C. crassi-
caulis is a very singular species, having very stout
longitudinally grooved branchlets and denselyclustered
flowers, with a conspicuously white woolly calyx. It
ascends to an altitude of 5000 feet in the province of
Otago. Mr. Armstrong, a Colonial botanist, has
proposed raising it to the rank of a distinct genus,
under the name of Corallospartium.
The Borough of Hackney Chysanthemum
Society have issued a schedule of prizes for a
Dahlia Show, to be held in the Morley Hall,
Hackney, on September 6.
REMARKS ON THE FRUIT
CROPS.
Bedi'ONT, HouNSi.OW. — Market fruits are very
important in this district, and superior kinds are
above mediocrity. Apples being in great abundance.
Not only are all the best known market kinds full of
fruit, but many others not usually prolific are fruiting
also. A week or two since there was a great and
sudden thinning of Apples, presenting quite a pheno-
menon in that way ; but there is a fine crop left, and
samples will be excellent. Pears are a mere sprinkling,
and Plums no better. Cherries of sweet kinds were
very thin, and Morellos a very fair crop. Goose-
berries have been fairly plentiful, but black and red
Currants and Raspberries may be classed as heavy.
Strawberries were good and early, but the bulk of
the fruit felt the want of moisture later on. The
whole of the market growers regard the present
fruit season as a fair one, and are not dissatisfied
with it. A. Dean.
Barming House, Maidstone. — The blossom of
Cherries in the Kentish orchards was unusually
abundant, but many of the small Cherries dropped off
just after they had "set." The Apple crop bids fair
to be very large and good. Very many " ran off" in
June, but quite enough were left behind. Raspberries
were unusually plentiful and fine. Gooseberries fairly
abundant. Black and red Currants are well grown
and a good crop. There is a general failure in the
Plum and Damson crops.
Lythe Hill, Haslemere. — The Pear crop is a
failure again, except on walls and under glass copings.
The trees in the spring had, as a rule, a garb of white
blossom, but a great percentage of them were imper-
fect ; this, I think, was owing to the wood not
ripening last autumn after the disastrous gale of April,
1882 ; and the failure of Plums as well may be said
to be due to that more than to the frosts and wind
this spring. Apples are much more plentiful on
pyramids, cordons, and espaliers, than on orchard
standards. A, Evans,
Madresfield Court, Great Malvern. —
Apricots and Plums are a total failure. The month
of March was fatal to the former, whilst Plums had a
general scarcity of bloom throughout the large Plum-
growing districts of Evesham, Pershore, &c. Pears
are an uneven crop, but appear to be good. Cherries,
as usual, suft'ered from persistent attacks of black-fly,
still Morellos are good. Peaches and Nectarines are
fairly good, and genial weather has improved the foli-
age. Strawberries and Raspberries were immense
crops, especially President, Elton, and Oxonian.
Walnuts are an abundant crop. Fruit trees are gener-
ally healthy. W. Crump.
HiNDLip Hall, Worcester. — Plums, though
not so profusely bloomed as Pears, were destroyed
by the frost, and the Plum crop, always an im-
portant one in this district, may be put down as a
failure. Cider and perry fruit is very abundant, and
choicer kinds of Apples are a good crop in most
places. The health of the trees is much improved
this season, and they are tolerably free from blight
and caterpillars. Arthur Barker,
Combe Abbey, Coventry. — This is not a
good all-round fruit year. From the flowering
period of the Apricot down to that of the Pear and
Apple we had frost after frost, which destroyed
nearly everything. It is very disheartening to a
gardener who has, by cultural skill, produced on his
trees plenty of good and healthy blossom, that these
efforts should be followed and blasted by frost — a
killing frost is enough to cause the boldest almost to
despair. Going round our little orchard I noted the
names of all trees that had a little fruit on, and
which I here subjoin : — Apples : Irish Peach, Lemon
Pippin, King of the Pippins, White Astrachan, Court
Pendu-plat, Lord Suffield, Hawthornden (new),
Dutch Codlin, Keswick Codlin, Yorkshire Greening,
Sam Young, Cox's Orange Pippin, Cellini, and
Alexander. IVm. Miller.
Hendre Park, Monmouth. — Taking fruits gene-
rally, the crops here this season may be classed as
above the average. Apples are plentiful ; the follow-
ing sorts are those that carry the most fruit : — Cellini,
Cox's Pomona, Sturmer Pippin, Orange Pippin, King
of the Pippins, and Beauty of ICent. Fears are partial ;
some that were the most proliferous have the lightest
crops — Easter Beurte and Winter Nelis are examples
of this. Glou Morceau, Beurre Diel, Beurre d'Arem-
berg, Marie Louise, and Marie Louise d'Uccle are
well laden with clean, promising fruit. Owing to late
i7o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, i88^.
frosts we found it necessary to protect the trees when
in blossom with canvas. Plums and Apricots are very
scarce ; although the latter were covered with wide
glass copings and netting, the severe frosts in March
were too much for them. Strawberries were excel-
lent ; as a very late one Loxford Hall is the best we
have grown. Raspberries are the finest crop of the
kind we have ever had. T. Cooinbcr.
Heytesbury. — With one or two exceptions fruit
crops in this locality are highly satisfactorjs, and
Apples— thanks to the severe weather in March,
which retarded their blossoming by two or three
weeks — are plentiful. This is highly gratifying ; we
can well afford to put up with partial failures or
under averages with many other kinds of fruit when
there is a good crop of Apples. Pears are a good
average ; the same may be said of Peaches, Nec-
tarines, Cherries, and Figs. Apricots are much
below, and Plums quite a failure. That the latter
should be scarce this year is a fact which cannot be
wondered at, seeing that the trees have borne heavy
crops for two or three seasons in succesion ; this
year, however, so far as they are concerned, will be
a recuperative one, and their energies, so to speak,
will be fully employed in adjusting the balance of
power between root and branch. All kinds of small
fruits are abundant, and of good quality. J. Horse-
field.
Heckfield Place, Winchfield. — Plums are a
complete failure, the trees blossomed fairly well, but
a continuous north-east wind, and a temperature that
barely averaged 40° all the time they were in flower
quite destroyed the bloom. Apricots would have
suffered as much had they not had extra covering, and
the best aspects (south and west) on the walls. Pears
on walls are a full crop, but in the open borders thin,
and many are dropping off. Peaches have not been
better for years, and the trees are healthy and clean.
Apples are excellent, and the fruit promises to be fine.
Strawberries and all small fruits have been extra
plentiful. W. Wildsmith.
POWDERHAM Castle, DEVON. — The failure of
Apricots is to be attributed to the severe weather ex-
perienced about the middle of March, when the
whole of the bloom was expanded. Peaches and
Nectarines were likewise much cut up, but happily
nearly one half of the bloom at that time was yet to
open, and in that state perfectly secure, so that we
have a fair average crop on most trees. Plums
generally are bad j Morello Cherries fell considerably
at stoning, but still a fair crop has swollen.
Of Apples large crops of most varieties grown, espe-
cially those of New and Old Hawthornden, Keswick
Codlin, Lord Sufiield, Blenheim Pippin, King of the
Pippins, Lemon Pippin, Gravenstein, Winter Green-
ing, and Majetin, Loddington Seedling, Irish Peach,
Warner's King, c&c. Pears of some kinds are full, the
principal ones being Marie Louise, Williams' Bon
Chretien, Beurre Ranee, Muirfowl's Egg, Doyenne
Boussoch, Catillac, and Bellissime d'Hiver. Goose-
berries an average crop, and very fine, making good
growth this season. Black, red, and white Currants
and Raspberries are all that can be desired. Straw-
berries excellent, especially Sir Joseph Paxton.
The Quinta, Chirk. — We grow between thirty
and forty varieties of Pears here, and the following
have a very full crop, while others in the same orchard
have few or none on them : — Beurre Bachelier, Beurre
d'Amanlis, Beurre Superfin, Williams' Bon Chretien,
Doyenne d'Ete, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Durandeau,
Fondante d'Automne, Forelle, Louise Bonne of Jersey,
Winter Nelis, Passe Colmar, Pitmaston Duchess,
Zepherine Gregoire, Jean de Witte, Bergamotte
d'Esperen, and Beurre d'Esperen. The following
Apples are well laden, while a great many others are
either without fruit or have a thin sprinkling : — Dutch
Mignonne, White Juneating, Kerry Pippin, Reinette
de Canada, Irish Peach, Cox's Pomona, Rymer,
Eclinville Pippin, Duchesse d'Oldenburg, Hawthorn-
den, Jolly Beggar, Lord Suffield, Tower of Glammis,
Orange Pearmain, and Betty Geeson. James Louden.
Wynstay, Ruaeon. — The blooming period of
all sorts of fruits was quite a show, but the setting
period belied our sanguine hopes ; the continuous
severe frosts during the whole of March seems to have
chilled and stunted everything for this season, the
ground being ice-bound the whole month. All stone
fruits are swelling very slowly, and will be of poor
quality. P. Middleton.
Slebeck Park, Haverford West. — Apples
and Pears are a splendid crop — the heaviest we
have had since 1S75 ; alt varieties are bearing a good
crop. Plums are a total failure. Damsons are rather
extensively grown in this county, especially on such
portions of it as belongs to t'ae Old Red Sandstone
formation : nearly every cottager has a Damson
orchard, so that the failure of the crop will be a great
loss to them. G. Griffin.
Panmure, Carnoustie, N.B.— Fruit trees were in
general better ripened last year than they have been
for some years back, and the Apple blossoms espe-
cially were very large. Young Pear trees are doing
well, but all planted more than a dozen years have
not recovered since 1880. Most of the spurs are
dead, and any that are alive have been flowering all
the summer. Many branches of Cherry trees have
died since that year both on old and young trees, but
in general we have a good crop on healthy branches,
and which are now beginning to ripen. Strawberries
are earlier than usual here by ten days at least, other
fruits later. ?. Mitchell.
Haddo House, Aberdeen. — Fruit trees of all
sorts bore a very abundant crop of blossoms, and
although the weather was cold we had very little
frost, so that in general fruit set well. The dry
weather of May and June caused a good deal of it to
drop, but still there is a fairly good crop, especially
on young trees. Victoria Plums set an extra large
crop, and at least three-fourths had to be thinned off.
Gooseberries are an extra crop, also black Currants
and Raspberries. Early Strawberries are a fair crop,
late sorts are a heavy crop. John Forrest.
Woodstock Park, Co. Kilkenny. — Small fruits
in general are very plentiful in this neighbourhood, and
of good quality. Gooseberries in particular being very
fine, but I do not remember ever seeing the caterpillar
so troublesome as it is with us this season. Straw-
berries have been an abundant crop, and large in size
and excellent in quality, notwithstanding the incessant
rainfall (4.67 inches) we have experienced during the
present month. Apples are an average ; such varieties
as Lord Suffield, Stirling Castle, Irish Peach, and
Adams' Pearmain are bearing most abundantly. Pear
trees on walls have a fair show of fruit, but on pyra-
mids are almost a failure. Plums are a poor crop,
excepting Victorias, which are plentiful. Fruit trees
in general are healthy and making good growth. W.
Gray.
FoTA Island, Cork. — Some kinds of Apples are
a heavy crop, viz.. Lord Sufiield, Hawthornden, Irish
Peach, Cox's Pomona, and a few others very heavy,
others light. Pears set a very heavy crop, but a quan-
tity of fruit fell when about the size of horse-beans —
Glou Morceau the worst. Marie Louise is a heavy
crop on walls. Cherries fell oft" in large quantities.
Gooseberries are a heavy crop here, but in some parts
of the county there are none. Currants are a very
heavy crop, and good ; Strawberries are also good and
large. W. Osborne.
Adare Manor, Limerick.— Fruit, as a rule, has
been gathered in good quantity and condition up to
the present, excepting Strawberries, which were
injured by wet. Fruit to be gathered, as Apples, &c.,
are only moderately promising ; all will be small, par-
tially owing to unfavourable weather from the latter end
of April until the middle of June— weather was dry,
and accompanied by north-east wind. Many, I may
say half the crop of Apples fell to the ground. Figs
also nearly all fell to the ground where growing
outside ; and Apricots, which otherwise would have
been a moderate crop, suffered severely and fell off
in stoning. Alfred Barker.
St. Saviour's, Jersey. — The Apples will be fine
and good this year. Pears promise to be very fine,
the trees having made unusually good growth. Wall
fruits generally have been thin, owing to the change-
able weather in the spring. Currants are abundant,
especially the varieties of black. Raspberries are
producing an abundant crop. Strawberries have been
exceptionally fine. The crop of Gooseberries has
been good. We may rejoice in the abundance of
these wholesome and acceptable provisions of Nature,
Grapes are abundant, and very fine. C. B, Saunders.
CEnothera tenella.— Nearly all the Evening
Primroses are showy border flowers, but some are
rather coarse growing things, hardly fit to be in a
select set of herbaceous plants or in a garden of small
size. The subject of the present note, however, is
free from any objection of that kind ; it grows about
a foot high, and bears a profusion of its handsoine
mauve-purple flowers. It was introduced from Chili
sixty years ago, and was figured in the Botanical
azine, t. 2424.
THE GRANGE, HACKBRIDGE.
With the river Wandle running through it but
few gardens possess the naturally picturesque appear-
ance of that of A. H. Smee, Esq., and still fewer
gardens have had the care and skill bestowed on them
that his has ; the father of the present proprietor having
made it his chief study, and found in it his greatest
pleasure, as his son now does. The late Mr. Alfred
Smee, F.R.S., was well known to most plant lovers
as one who took a great, an intelligent, and a
scientific interest in all things relating to gardening,
to plants generally, and more particularly to Ferns and
to the acclimatisation of exotic plants. Being always
under his own surveillance his garden became a model
one, and its owner wishing to benefit others by his
experience and experiments published a work. My
Garden, in 1872, giving an account of it and the
manner in which it was managed in every department.
The second edition of this book, which contained
130a engravings and twenty-five plates, was translated
into French,* and formed a very useful and interesting
work, which conveyed instruction in a very pleasant
manner, and gained for The Grange garden a wide
and lasting reputation.
Looking over the author's work in his garden,
much of which has remained unaltered, any one
cannot fail to admire his cleverness and feel a touch
of his enthusiasm. Mr. A. H. Smee, the present
proprietor, while keeping the whole of the establish-
ment well up to its former standard, turns his atten-
tion more particularly to the Orchids, and bids fair
to become a good cultivator. Certain it is that out
of the numerous bold experiments he is making, new
light must be obtained in some particulars. Already
in the intermediate-house a good collection of medium-
sized plants of most of the best Cattleyas, Ljelias,
Epidendrums, &c., have been got together, and these
seem to thrive well with plenty of air and sunlight
admitted to them. It is pleasant to see how these
plants thrive and bloom wherever they are not
coddled and shaded too much. In the Odonto-
glossum-house an equally thriving lot of plants are to
be found. They are grown on the strictly cold system,
and the absence of insects and the sturdy appearance
of the young growths promise well for a good show of
bloom. Among other interesting things in bloom the
once common but now rare Promensea stapelioides,
with its pretty dark brown barred flowers, is nicely in
flower, as well as some good Odontoglossum crispum,
many Masdevallias, Odontoglossum Roezlii, O. cor-
datum, O. hastilabium, Oncidium Forbesi, Epiden-
drum fragrans, E. vitellinum majus, and the showy
Mesospinidium vulcanicum and Lycaste aromatica.
Perhaps the most interesting of all the houses is the
naturally arranged Fern rockery and Orchid-house
combined. This charming house is a lean-to of about
90 feet in length ; the large masses of Ferns, many of
them rare, having the Orchids arranged among them,
and having the roof covered with flowering climbers,
the showy flowers of the Allamandas, Ipomceas, Lapa-
gerias (white and red), Gloriosa superba, Dipladenias,
Hoyas, Stephanotis, Tacsonias, Passifloras, &c., now
in bloom, being alone sufficient to give great interest
to the house at the present time. This plan of grow-
ing Orchids mixed with other plants does not answer
in every house, as in some situations the Ferns and
climbers are apt to harbour insects, to the detriment
of the Orchids ; but in Mr. Smee's house, which is
built over a narrow stream, the air seems so equable
and genial that no inconvenience on that score is
likely to be experienced. Where such an arrangement
is practicable it is certainly desirable, as the blooms of
the Orchids appear to a much greater advantage
where their pots are hidden by the elegant foliage of
the Ferns, and many of the colours seem to be
heightened by the background thus secured.
Few Orchids could compare with our old friend
Stanhopea tigrina, now in bloom at Hackbridge, for
striking beauty and novelty ; if the plant were only
new and expensive what a sensation it would create I
The very pleasing effect created in this house by the
comparatively small number of Orchids in bloom
speaks much for their arrangement, in which, as in all
the other matters connected with the Orchid depart-
ment, Mrs. Smee has taken a leading part. Among
those in bloom are some fine forms of Miltonia Reg-
nelli superba, Cattleya Leopoldi, C. Gaskelliana— that
most sweetly-scented of Cattleyas, C. superba, On-
* Mon Jardin—Gechgie, Botaniqve. HUtoire Naturelle,
Cnlturc. Par Alfred Smee. Paris, 1S76.
August ii, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
171
cidium IriqucUuni, ThnlKnopsis violacea Schrcwleri,
Odontoglossums, Cypripediums, &c. In a shady
cold part of the house some plants of PhaUxnopsis are
beirg exferimcnted on under cool treatment, and up
to now they are in fine order.
Passing through the East India-house we come to
the dell outdoors, where representatives of many of
the Orchids from all parts are being experimented on
with a view to test how far they are amenable to out-
door culture in summer. A narrow stream runs
through the dell beneath the tree?, and in this stre.-.m
are placed supports on which temporary stages rest
within about 2 inches of the surface of the water.
On these stages are placed representatives of many of
the Orchid family which are not too expensive, with-
out regard to the climate or any other condition of
the country from whence they come — Catlleyas,
L^lias, Oncidiums, Vandas, Phalxnopsis, Odonto-
glossums, Cypripediums, Aetides, Dendrobes— in
fact some of every class. Not to be wasteful, and
knowing that failure must take place in some instances,
Mr. Smee always selects the worst varieties he has
for this rigorous experiment, but it is surprising how
sound and healthy all but an odd plant or two are,
considering that they have been in the open air ever
since the early summer. The Dendrobium Wardianum
and D. crassinode have well ripened their growth,
and the Odontoglossums, Masdevallias, Vanda ccerulea,
Cypripedium insignis, and a few others have really
progressed, and look much happier than many of their
brethren in hothouses. Such experiments, when
carefully observed, always bring knowledge to the
operator ; but Mr. Smee does not counsel growers
generally to imitate his extensive trials, his obiect
being to himself gain experience bearing on each
species under treatment.
One thing he is sure of, and that is, that any Orchid
from any part of the world which has been in pro-
longed bad health under glass, if subjected to a few
weeks' careful treatment in a shady place outdoors in
summer, and then returned to the house, will at the
proper growing season generally grow most vigorously,
even although it may not have seemed to be benefited
by its stay in the open air. He has also satisfied
himself that open-air treatment in summer of
the Orchids least likely to thrive, at most causes them
to go back very slowly, while where they are treated
to excessive heat in a close house their end is sudden
and sure ; and that Orchids which have been made
poorly by outdoor treatment quickly recover on being
taken into a cool house, while those which have been
made sickly by too much heat are very difficult and
slow to re-establish. On another branch of the
stream is another set of Orchids, similarly placed,
but having a wooden house over them, and near at
hand a collection of Sarracenias in good health.
To do the outdoor garden justice would require the
greater part of a volume, as its former owner found, the
beauties of the rock garden and herbaceous borders
being so many and so varied. Perhaps the most
lovely series of pictures in the place are to be found in
the Fern dell with the small branch of the Wandle
flowing through it and with the noble trees arching
overhead. Here most of our indigenous Ferns, as
well as the hardy exotic varieties, are planted, not one
and one as we usually find them, but with large masses
of several of the finest kinds planted together at salient
points and the smaller ones arranged in the sheltered
rockeries between. The mass of Ostrich-feather Fern
(Struthiopteris germanica), some 30 feet in length, with
a gigantic specimen of the variety S. pennsylvanica,
about 6 feet across, in the centre, would be difficult to
match in the United Kingdom. Next, as aseriesofscenes
of natural grace and beauty, we must place those views
of the lake and the banks of the Wandle clad with our
beautiful native vegetation. Masses of reeds 9 feet in
height, tall Bulrushes, glowing masses of rose-coloured
Loosestrifes and Willow herbs, bright yellow Lysi-
machias, white and yellow Water Lilies— these scenes
are enchantiug viewed from the lower walks or from
the massive and unconventional mansion, which was re-
built in 1880. The kitchen garden at The Grange
is also well attended to, and the collection of fruits
cultivated there is very extensive — over 250 varieties of
Apples and nearly as many Fears being there in good
bearing order. J. O'B,
The Fruit Show at Hereford, held under
the auspices of the Woolhope Field Club, is an-
nounced to be held in the Shire Flail on October
24 and 25.
INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS
OUT-OF-DOORS.
In the milder parts of the country most species of
these plants at present in cultivation can be grown
out of-doors under tlochcs and smaller bell-
glasses. These appear to be necessary in the cultiva-
tion of even native species of Drosera, as the air over
a small bog-bed h.as not the moisture it would have in
a real bog, and without such covering we failed several
times in growing them. With this treatment not
only British Droseras, but the beautiful Australian D.
dichotoma, can be easily grown ; and D. capensis is
also quite hardy, though its yearly shoots come so late
in spring that there is a danger of its being thought
dead if examined early in the season. There is a
tendency to a shrubby habit in this Drosera which
may not at first sight be perceived, as here at least
its stems are buried under-ground, or under a carpet
of live sphagnum. Another Cape species, D. spathu-
lata, lived out-of-doors for two years, but the plants
died last winter, possibly from having become too
much weakened by having been allowed to seed.
Probably the American, and many other species,
would be equally hardy, and it is to be hoped that
there may soon be various new Droseras introduced
with which to try experiments in outdoor culture.
Through the kindness of botanists abroad, and of
Mr. Lindsay in raising the seed in the Edinburgh
Botanic Garden, an Indian species, D. lunata, and an
African one, probably D. ramentacea, are, I hope,
now introduced successfully, even if they were not
already in cultivation ; but as they are as yet only in
the seedling stage it may be too soon to be sure of
their eventual success. As, however, some of the
same seed of D. lunata which I sent to the Newry
nursery has produced a quantity of vigorous seedlings
there seems good hope that this beautiful species,
closely resembling D. peltata, may be added to those
already in general cultivation.
Drosophyllum lusitanicum did well out-of doors last
summer, but we did not venture to leave it out in
winter, and it died indoors in spring, as a plant of it
had done the previous spring. Our next experiment
shall be to have it out-of-doors altogether, but at best
it is said to be but a short-lived plant. It is, at all
events, a most interesting one, from the differences
between it and the Droseras in its glandular struc-
ture, and between it and all other known plants in its
leaves always rolling outwards in vernation (the
reverse way to the circinnate vernation of Ferns).
Another plant of great interest is the Australian
Pitcher-plant {Cephalotus follicularis), with its beauti-
ful little pitchers from \ inch to about 2 inches long,
and often tinted with deep red. Not only from its
peculiar glands, but from the "encapsulating" hairs
on the wings of the pitchers — one hair apparently
being inside the other — this plant is of special botanical
interest.
As we have but one plant I feared to leave it out
last winter, as but a few of the Australian plants (of
those we have as yet tried) are perfectly hardy here.
But it does well through the winter with its pot
placed in a deep pan of sphagnum covered with a
bell-glass in a window, and it can be plunged out-of-
doors in a bog-bed during the summer, of course
covered with a bell-glass. The same treatment is,
perhaps, safest for DionKa, but a plant lived for two
winters out-of-doors, though it died last winter. We
intend to try it out-of-doors again, especially as it has
proved quite hardy at Kew. Every attempt to grow
Pinguicula lusitanica here has failed, nor do P.
vulgaris and P. grandiflora always succeed ; the
latter is, however, too good a plant not to try over
and over again. P. vallisneri:EfoIia, with the edge of
its leaves folded backwards, would probably prove
hardy, and the beautiful P. caudata will be well worth
a trial ; indeed, all the Pinguiculas would be so.
The plants already mentioned, having glands with
true digestive powers, are perhaps still more wonder-
ful than the Sarracenias and Darlingtonia, about
which ihe fact has not been satisfactorily proved ; but
these latter plants are certainly wonderful enough,
and can be grown out-of-doors with equal success.
Sarracenia purpurea is said to be the species most
commonly grown out-of-doors, but it is the only one
with which we have entirely failed ; even good plants
from New Brunswick and Newfoundland having
died.
Of the other five species S. variolaris seems to be
the most delicate, but it lived through last winter,
and possibly a nest of ants among its roots has pre-
vented its thriving well. These ants are very trouble-
some ; another nest was found close up to the collar
of S. psittacina. Though S. flava and S. Drum-
mondi grow without bell-glasses they are probably all
the better for such protection, especially in winter.
In the comparatively rare hard frosts here we give all
the insectivorous plants some extra covering. The
Darlingtonia, now 15 inches high, is outgrowing its
doihe : it had one blossom this year for the first
time, and has thrown out suckers. It has been out-
of-doors for three years, and it is, I believe, a sucker,
or oflihoot, from the plant at Glasnevin, which at one
time had pitchers over 3 feet long, and then unac-
countably went off in si;;e and general vigour, and
whether it will ever recover its former health has yet
to be proved. The finest plant of it at the Edinburgh
Botanic Gardens is not making such large pitchers
this year as last ; possibly the plant may not be a
long-lived one in cultivation. It would be interesting
to know whether it is so when growing wild.
Is the Darlingtonia the only genus of Pitcher-plant
in which there are no unpitchered leaves? The two
species of Sarracenia which so closely resemble it in
various points seem always to have the hood, with a
smaller or larger pitcher beneath it, though in some
houses the development of the latter is but slight.
But the other species of Sarracenia have often un-
pitchered leaves, as have also Nepenthes and Cepha-
lotus ; whether this is the case with Heliamphora and
Dischidia I do not know. In seedling Darlingtonias
the first leaves after the cotyledons are pitchercd ;
though in these first pitchers a tongue-like prolonga-
tion of the hood takes the place of the two wing-like
projections of the more fully developed leaves.
It is singular that amongst insectivorous plants so
many of the genera have but one known species —
Aldrovanda, Cephalotus, Darlingtonia, Diona-a, Dro-
sophyllum, Heliamphora, and Dischidia ; and of
Roridula there are but two species.
Few kinds of plants are less troublesome to culti-
vate than hardy insectivorous plants ; probably none
are of greater interest. Even people who know
nothing of either botany or plant-culture take such
pleasure in seeing these plants that it is evident they
may become a widespread source of enjoyment once
they are more generally cultivated. Books like
frcais and Marvels of Plant Life help to spread the
popular interest in them, and may in many instances
lead on to a further study, opening up the marvels of
Darwin's book on the subject, and to the discovery
that the modern study of botany is not a mere mass
of hard names, but that it vies with fairy tales them-
selves in its wonders and endless points of interest.
Even in a dry gravel subsoil these plants can be
grown by making a bog-bed, 3 feet to 3^ feet deep,
water-tight with puddling. A tub or barrel of water
near, connected with the bed by a bit of leaden
piping (let in near the bottom of the cask, and covered
by a piece of perforated zinc to keep the pipe clear),
supplies water when required by filling the barrel
now and then ; and this plan suits the plants better
than too much watering from a rose watering-can,
which is apt to disturb the soil. In winter no arti-
ficial supply of water is requisite. In making the
bog-bed it is well to mix plenty of sphagnum through
the peat, and live sphagnum round the plants forms a
good blanket in cold weather, and also helps to keep
up the supply of moisture in summer. But birds
generally tear it to pieces, except where it is protected
by bell-glasses. As it often harbours slugs and grubs
it requires to be carefully looked to now and then
C. M, Owen, Knockmullen, Gorey.
ALPINE PLANTS.
The German-Austrian Alpine Club (Alpenverein)
has issued in the form of a supplement to the Zeii-
schrift des DeutscJtcn und CEstcrreicliiscfien Alpen-
vereins an introduction to the scientific observation
of plants, which will be found very useful by those
who can read German. It opens with a brief history
of the flora of the Alps, which is followed by a key
to the natural orders and genera, and a more extended
key to the species, and an index to the popular and
botanical names of the plants. A third part is
devoted to the physiology and biology of the flora of
the Alps, and contains in a condensed form the results
of the observations of the principal writers on these
subjects. Id this part cultivators will find much
useful information respecting the habitats of alpine
plants, the soils they love, the external characteristics
of plants affecting different soils, &c.
172
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, 1883.
It is curious that different species of the same
genera replace each other in different soils, offering
striking parallelisms of certain forms in the lirst
settlers on chalky and slaty subsoils. Thus Hutchinsia
brevifolia and Thlaspi cepeasfolium play the same
part on the rubble of the chalkless slate Alps that
Hutchinsia alpina and Thlaspi rotundifolium do in
the limestone mountains. Again Androsace carnea
and glacialis, Anemone sulphurea, Draba Zahlbruck-
neri, Gentiana excisa, Juncustrifidus, Primula villosa,
and Ranunculus crenatus flourish in similar localities
in the chalkless slate districts that the following
species do in chalky soil : — Androsace lactea and
helvetica, Anemone alpina, Draba aizoides, Gentiana
angustifolia, Juncus monanthos, Primula Auricula,
and Ranunculus alpestris. On this point the author,
Dr. K. W. von Dalla Torre, submits the following
generalisations : —
1. Plants of chalky soils, compared to their parallel
forms growing on chalkless soil, are usually more
copiously and densely hairy. They are often furnished
with a white or grey felt, whereas their parallel forms,
if at all hairy, are glandular.
2. Plants of chalky soils often have bluish-green
leaves, while their parallel forms on chalkless soils
have them grass-green.
3. The leaves of plants growing on chalky soils are
mostly more and deeper divided than those of their
parallel forms on chalkless soils.
4. When the leaves of a plant growing on chalky
soil are entire, its parallel form on chalkless soils has
not rarely glandular-toothed leaves.
5. Plants that grow on chalky soils have, com-
pared to their parallel forms on chalkless soils, mostly
a greater measurement of corolla.
6. Plants growing on chalky soils usually have duller
and lighter coloured flowers than their parallel forms
on chalkless soils. When the former is white the
latter is often red, blue, or yellow.
But what is more surprising, certain plants that
avoid the chalk, &c., in one region flourish on it in
another. A short tabular statement borrowed from
Bonnier will convey more information than explana-
tions would : —
Only on
chalk.
Chalk - fleeing.
On chalk and
flinty
ground.
kanunculus glacialis
Carp. Dauph.
„ alpestris
Carp.
£. Alps
Biscutella laevigata
Carp.
Dauph.
E. Alps
Trifolium badium ..
Carp.
Dauph.
Phaca australis
Carp.
E.Alp?.Dauph.
Dauph.
Dryas octopetala . .
Carp.
Dauph,
GDaphalium Leonto-
podium . .
Carp.
Dauph.
E. Alps
Calluna vulgaris . .
Dauph. E.Alps
Teucrium montanum
Dauph. Carp
E. Alps
from a garden point of view. Eritrichium strictum,
however, is a decidedly handsome and desirable gar-
den plant ; it grows about a foot high, and produces
upright racemes of splendid dark blue flowers about
the size of those of Venus' Navelwort. It Is a native
of Western Himalaya, &c., where it is found at eleva-
tions ranging from 7000—13,000 feet above sea-
level. X.
Coreopsis lakceolata, by which a pretty and
useful plant is generally known, is the same plant
that goes under the name of grandiflora ; and very
much resembles C. auriculata. Are the basal lobes
of the leaves the only distinguishing characteris-
tic of this last ? I have observed differences in
various batches of C. lanceolata — some are smooth,
others scabrous, while the leaves vary in breadth, but
these are but very trivial points of differentia-
tion. The subject of this note is very floriferous,
producing huge heads, nearly or quite 3 inches across,
with broad even-spreading ray-florets which, with the
disc-floret, are of a bright yellow colour. It is very
useful in a cut state. For three months it yields a
wealth of bright flowers. It is perfectly hardy, easily
increased by cuttings, and quite as easily grown. I
am sure there is a great deal of confusion in the
names of species of Coreopsis in cultivation. C.
tripteris, a common plant in damp positions in the
United States, is a good thing, flowering about the
beginning of September with flowers rather larger
than those of C. lanceolata, and the leaves are
variously divided : it is a very distinct plant. C. ver-
ticillata is just coming into flower ; it has smaller
bright yellow heads and slender stems, bearing
verticils of short linear leaves. This last is very near,
if not synonymous with, C. tenuifolia, coming from the
same part and said to have been introduced about the
same time. T,
Cotyledon edulis (Brewer).* — This very
remarkable and distinct species of Cotyledon is now
flowering in the Royal Gardens, Kew. It is well
marked, and easily recognised by its nearly terete
or obtusely subtrigonous leaves, which stand erect,
and are of a whitish-green or glaucous-green colour,
but without any meal upon them ; and by its cymose
paniculate inflorescence of white Sedum-like flowers,
which are shortly pedicellate, and arranged along
the upper side of the flexuose, spreading branches ;
the corolla is 6 — 7 lines in diameter, and is cleft to
about three-fourths of the way down the oblong-
lanceolate acute lobes, being widely spreating, so
that the flower looks very like that of a Sedum. The
young leaves are said to be eaten by the Indians. It
is a native of California, growing on dry banks near
the sea at San Diego. N, E. Brown,
PLANTS IN FLOWER.
Lavatera trimestris. — In the herbaceous de-
partment at Kew there are few more handsome or
striking plants than the subject of the present note,
and its white-flowered variety. The type is a splendid
annual, about 3 feet high, with a profusion of large,
deep rose-coloured blossoms nearly 3 inches in
diameter. It is certainly one of the most showy of
all annuals grown in British gardens, and one, more-
over, which requires but little care. Sow the seeds in
March or April where the plants are intended to
remain ; thin out and keep them clear of weeds. A'.
Convolvulus Scammonia. — Both on account of
its interest from an economic point of view, and of its
beauty from a purely garden standpoint, this species
is well worth growing. At Kew in the medical col-
lection, as well as in the Convolvulus bed, plants of
Scammonyform very attractive objects. The greyish-
green halbert-shaped leaves form a pretty setting to
the numerous white trumpet-shaped blossoms. In
well drained rather light soil the plant succeeds
admirably, and its long shoots make charming fes-
toons. Either trained to stakes in the ordinary border,
or, better still, allowed to roam at will over shrubs, or
used as a summer covering for arbours, &c., Convol-
vulus Scammonia is one of the prettiest of plants. X.
Eritrichium strictum.— This came amongst a
lot of seeds from Kashmir raised at Kew this year,
nearly all of which turned out uninteresting or useless
FLORAL DECORATIONS.t
Within the last twenty or thirty years the taste for
floral display in the homes and on the dinner-tables
of the wealthy classes has advanced more rapidly
perhaps than any other branch of gardening, except-
ing the cultivation of Orchids.
At the present time, in most gardening establish-
ments, the preparation of decorative material for the
house, and its proper arrangement, is second to no
department in importance. Indeed, if the indoor
work is unsatisfactory, there is usually trouble in store
for the gardener.
The owners of gardens in the old times were
usually content to enjoy their flowers and plants by
occasional visits to the garden ; the tendency now-a-
days seems to be to take the garden into the house as
much as possible. The gardener of the old school
seldom took kindly to the flower-cutting principle, he
usually set his face resolutely against it, or, at best,
tolerated it under protest. A gradual change has
come about in this respect ; modern ideas and tastes
have proved too strong for the old conservatism of the
floral wealth of the garden. The gardener of the
present day has usually to prepare for the production
of cut flowers as carefully and as regularly as he does
vegetables for the kitchen, fruit for the dessert, or
* Cotyledon edulis, Brewer, in Botany of Caiifoniia, i.,
p. 211.
t " Notes on the Arrangement of Plants and Cut Flowers for
House Decoration." Paper read at the June meeting of the
Scottish Horticultural Association.
plants for the conservatory. In looking round most
of the gardens in the country one cannot fail to be
impressed with the amount of glass devoted to the
production of suitable material for house and table
decoration, during the dull months of winter and
spring, or for satisfying the almost insatiable demand
of a London house during the season.
For summer and autumn supplies much may be done
ineither large or small gardens by devoting a convenient
part of the garden to the especial purpose of producing
quantities of useful flowers for cutting. The flowers
should be carefully selected for the purpose, either for
lasting properties when cut, or for colour, perfume,
or graceful habit, and should be grown in sufficient
quantity to meet all probable demands.
When a portion of the garden is set apart for cutting
purposes, it will often be found the most enjoyable,
and a favourite resort for the ladies of the family who
may wish to gather a few sweet-smelling flowers of
the old sorts, which have been in a great measure
elbowed out of our modern flower gardens.
The young gardener who wishes to excel in the
arrangement of plants and flowers must study the
decorative capabilities of the various flowers and
plants he grows for the purpose ; and he must lose no
opportunity of acquiring that first essential towards
success in all decorative arrangements — a correct
taste. Taste seems to be born with a favoured few,
like instinct ; with the majority of humanity it has to
be patiently acquired with much perseverance and
practice — with many failures, perhaps ; but where
failures are traced out to their cause, and used as
marks to be avoided for the future, they only make
the way clearer and more sure to ultimate success.
Ruskin says, "The temper by which right taste is
formed is characteristically patient. It dwells upon
what is submitted to it. It does not trample upon it,
lest it should be pearls, even though it look like
husks. It is distrustful of itself, so as to be ready
to believe and to try all things ; and yet so
trustful of itself, that it will neither quit what it has
tried, nor take anything without trying. And the
pleasure which it has in things that it finds true and
good is so great that it cannot possibly be led aside
by any tricks of fashion or diseases of vanity ; it can-
not be cramped in its conclusions by partialities and
hypocrises — its visions and its delights are too pene-
trating, too living, for any whitewashed object or
shallow fountain long to endure or supply. It clasps
all that it loves so hard that it crushes it if it be
hollow."
But it may be asked. How is the young gar-
dener to help himself in the acquirement of correct
taste ? I should reply. By studying and noting eflfec-
tive harmonies and contrasts in colour and arrange-
ment wherever found — whether in the garden or the
conservatory, in the face of Nature, by mountain,
forest and field, or on the walls of the picture gallery.
Wherever a noteworthy effect is found, let it be noted
for future use — not for the mere purpose of reproduc-
tion or copy, but to help us to gain an acquaintance and
familiarity with the best effects, and to give us the taste
to distinguish that which is good and refined from
that which is gaudy and paltry. In carrying out
floral arrangements another essential and valuable
faculty is forethought. Before moving plants or
cutting flowers the leading points of the arrangements
to be done should be thought out, so that only such
plants may be moved and such flowers cut as will be
required for our purpose. This is especially neces-
sary in winter and spring, when the supply of flowers
is principally limited to that grown under glass.
The want of a little forethought often causes loss of
time and material ; besides, unless we have a clear
idea of what we mean to be at in floral arrangements,
the result is seldom so satisfactory as when we have
decided beforehand what is to be done, and have all
the necessary material ready to hand.
In order to keep up the interest in arrangements
in cut flowers and plants in rooms frequent change
is necessary, for however beautiful the flowers, and
however perfect the arrangement, the interest soon
fades if it remains too long or is repeated too often ;
besides a sameness of arrangement shows poverty of
thought and resource on the part of the decorator.
A safe method of securing change and variety is to
give a certain amount of individuality to each arrange-
ment of flowers or plants— let there be something
distinct about it, either as a contrast or bit of colour,
a graceful arrangement of flowers and foliage — some-
thing choice to stand on its own merits, or something
prized for perfume : let something have the lead in
August ii, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
173
one arrangement and something else in the next. A
leading idea is as necessary for an arrangement of
flowers or plants as a key-note is to a piece of music.
In arranging flowers for rooms there are several
details which must not be lost sight of in order to
produce the best effects ; for instance, the size and
light of the room, the purpose for which it is used,
the prevailing tone or colour of the walls and
upholstery. Thus a tall glass filled with long sprays of
flowers and foliage, from 2 to 4 feet long, would look
such as centres of tables, &c., where they will be seen
to better advantage, and taken in by the eye in con-
junction with the surrounding objects. In all floral
arrangements overcrowding must be avoided ; a light
and graceful arrangement should be aimed at, and as
natural as possible. We may improve upon Nature
in so far as we may arrange a greater wealth of flower
with a given amount of foliage, but we must not lose
sight of Nature in seeking after artistic effect. In
arranging with mouthed glasses a few sprays of Yew,
Fig. 27.— caccinia glauca : flowers pale blue.
well in a drawing-room of noble proportions, but
would probably be out of place in a little boudoir.
Where the prevailing tone of the room is light and
cheerful a moderate use of pink, carmine, or crimson
usually tells with good effect. Where the upholstery
is of a florid description, white and green, or white
and green with a bit of blue, will usually look well ;
crimson should be more sparingly employed.
As a general rule, small choice things are usually
placed in low glasses or vases in positions where they
will be near the eye, or where the perfume, if
not too strong, will be near enough to be appre-
ciated. Taller subjects for form or colour are usually
placed in positions further removed from the eye.
or some such material, should be inserted first, then
cropped off level with the mouth of the glass, this
will enable the flowers to be placed in and retain any
desired position until the arrangement is complete.
In keeping up a succession of flowers and plants in
the house there are a few simple matters which must
never be lost sight of, and which young men some-
times forget, such as keeping the vases and water
always thoroughly clean and pure. Nothing detracts
from the enjoyment of a choice vase of flowers like
dirty finger marks or dirty, putrid water. In plant
arrangements withered leaves or faded flowers should
never be seen ; a few withered leaves or one bad
plant will spoil any group.
In order to keep a succession of plants or flowers in
the house in good order it is necessary to have them
attended to every morning before the rooms are occu-
pied for the day. By renewing a few glasses or
groups of plants each day, and looking for and remov-
ing any imperfections in those which do not require
removal, with the addition of a bit of Fern here and
a flower or two there, and careful examination of
every plant and vase to see that it has enough water
to keep it fresh till next day, the arrangements can
be kept fresh without bustle or interference with
household arrangements. When it happens that all
the work cannot be got through in the morning, then
only such things should be left for renewal later in
the day as can be got at without inconvenience to the
members of the household. But nothing should
remain where it will be seen unless it will bear look-
ing at with satisfaction.
Forced plants for indoor work should be inured to
light and air, as much as is consistent with healthy
development, and kept as near the glass as possible
for a short time previous to use ; they will be better
prepared to stand the drier atmosphere of living
rooms than if used without being so treated.
In winter and spring, when flowers are occasionally
scarce, after being in use for a short time they may
be revived by being immersed in tepid water for a
few hours, and having the end of the stem shortened
a little. When suitable fresh foliage is obtainable,
and used judiciously, it is surprising how long flowers
may be made to look well in a time of scarcity.
In all flower arrangements it will usually be found
that decided colours give the best results. In order
to lessen the strain on the glass department, and
permit of its being devoted as much as possible to
the production of material when not obtainable out-
of-doors, a note of a few useful outdoor decorative
plants may be interesting.
For tall glasses the following are useful : — Gladioli,
Iris, Solomon's Seal, Veratrum nigrum, Hellebores,
Anemone japonica, A. Honorine Jobert, Lobelia
cardinalis, Agapanthus umbellatus. Rhododendrons,
Liliums, Arundo conspicua. Spiraeas, and some of the
taller grasses. Among the more useful trailing plants
for draping the stems of glasses are the small leaved
Ivies, Periwinkles, and Clematis, The following are
useful for foliage ; — Escallonia macrantha, Japan
Privet, Spir^a japonica, Berberis Aquifolia, Ceanothus,
Polygonums, Bambusas, and some of the stronger
foliaged Roses. Among fragrant useful things are
white Jasmine, Sweet Brier, Honeysuckle, Aloysia
citriodora, Pheasant's-foot, and other cut-leaved
scented Geraniums, Heliotrope, Sweet Peas, &c.
Among annuals the following are useful for cutting :
— Phlox Drummondi, Dianthus Heddewigii, Corn-
flowers, Clarkia, Viscarias, Godetias, &c. These
plants are within the reach of all, but where there is
glass for the production of decorative material of the
usual kinds the variety and supply will depend prin-
cipally on the amount of glass which can be devoted
to it, and the length of the proprietor's purse. D.
Melville, Dimrobin Castle Gardens.
CACCINIA GLAUCA.
This is a reappearance of a plant cultivated at the
beginning of the present century in the celebrated
garden of Cels, at Mont-Rouge, near Paris, and
figured and described by Ventenat in his work
entitled Descriptions et Figttres des Plantes Nouvelles
et feu connues cultivles dans le Jardin de J. M.
Cels, plate 100. It is there named Borrago crassi-
folia, and recorded from Persia. Again, in 1830, it
was cultivated in the Luxemburg, as we learn from a
specimen from Gay's herbarium, now at Kew. The
present engraving (fig. 27) is from a drawing by Fitch
of a plant cultivated at Kew this season. A peren-
nial plant, succulent in texture and glaucous in hue,
remarkable in the family to which it belongs for its
star-like flowers, which change in colour from pale
blue to reddish. Usually less than a foot high, it
sometimes exceeds 2 feet. In a wild state it ranges
from Persia to the confines of India,
Lasiogrostis calamagrostis. — This is a
pretty and graceful South European grass, which is
capable of taking care of itself in the herbaceous
border without becoming a nuisance in any way. It
is a tufted perennial, \ between 2 feet and 3 feet in
height, and flowers rather later than most other culti-
vated grasses. At present it is one of the most con-
spicuous species in the large collection at Kew,
174
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, 1883.
The Botanical Results of the Travels of the
Princes of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Itinera
Principium S. Coburgiy Die Botanisehe Ausbeuie.
By Dr. H. VVawra, ' Erster Theil, 4to, pp. 18S,
tt. 39. Wien : Carl Gerold's Sohn, 1883).
This is a handsome volume, the paper, printing,
and plates being of excellent quality ; but we doubt
whether botanists will welcome it, because it is one of
those troublesome books that treat of plants from
various parts of the world. It is an enumeration of
the plants collected at the points touched on a voyage
round the world, and on a second voyage to Brazil,
with descriptions and good coloured figures of a
number of reputed new species. We say "reputed
new species " in no spirit of carping criticism, and
we daresay most of them were previously undescribed ;
but we know the probabilities of overlooking pub-
lished species are very great, when dealing with a few
plants from this country and a few from that. In this
work we have to do with plants from California to
Brazil, and from Australia to India. But apart from
the inconvenience it shares in common with many
other books of travel of being necessary to a botanist,
whether his study be of the plants of the New World,
of Australia, or of Asia, it is a praiseworthy produc-
tion, and the horticulturist as well as the botanist
will be thankful for the coloured plates, which are
admirably drawn and printed in the best style of
chromo-liihography, and superior to many hand-
coloured plates. Brazilian Bromeliaceos constitute
the specially useful feature of the work. Twenty-one
of the plates illustrate members of this family, the
species of which are difficult to discriminate from
descriptions alone. Most of those figured are of an
ornamental character, and some of them are very
showy, notably Nidularium Ferdinando-Coburgi, and
N. Antoineanum, which have scarlet bracts and
crimson and indigo-blue flowers ; Billbergia Reich-
ardti, with a very slender inflorescence of rosy bracts
and purple and blue flowers ; Vriesia Philippo-
Coburgi, with a very slender branched inflorescence
in which red, yellow, and green are contrasted, and
V. paraibica, with a simple stout spike of yellow
flowers, supported by crimson bracts. Among other
pretty plants figured we note Ebermayera itatiaice,
Cyrtanthera citrina, Manettia filicaulis (very near M.
bicoloi), and Psychotria Muelleriana. Owing partly
to the custom of giving dedicatory and commemora-
tive names, and partly, we should say, from infertility
of invention, many of the specific names are awkward
and inelegant, to say the least. Thus, we have of
the first category Ferdinando-Coburgi, Augusto-Co-
burgi, and Philippo-Coburgi — not often repeated,
fortunately ; but the name itatiaire is repeated ten
times among the new species figured.
Topographical Botany. By Hewett Cottrell
Watson. Second edition. Edited by J. G.
Baker and W. W. Newbould. London :
Quaritch. Svo, pp. 612, with map.
Thanks to the enterprise of Mr. Quaritch, and the
disinterested labour of Mr. Baker and the Rev. Mr.
Newbould, this valuable work, the result one might
say of a life's application, is now accessible to all
botanists. Although this is the second edition, it is
practically the first publication of the work, for only
100 copies of the first edition were printed, and they
were privately distributed, so that many provincial
botanists have not even had a chance of seeing it, and
know nothing of its scope. The full title explains
the scope : — Topographical Botany ; being Local
and Personal Records toivards Showing the Distri'
biition of British Plants Traced through the 112 Coun-
ties and Vice- Counties of England^ Wales, and
Scotland. And the Editors' preface gives a good idea
of the extent of the additions and corrections of the
preseut edition : — " It was Mr. Watson's intention to
publish a second edition of this work, and to entirely
recast and rewrite the introductory and explanatory
portions. This he did not live to accomplish, but he
made preparation for it by keeping an interleaved
copy of the first edition always at hand, and entering
in it regularly all the records of the occurrence of
plants in additional vice-counties that came to his
notice. The few additions which we have made on
our own responsibility may be distinguished by having
the name of the personal authority placed within
parentheses.
Out of the nine vice-counties, for which in 1873
there were no lists for even the commonest plants,
only two now remain totally unreported upon, so
that in this edition all the vice-counties are dealt
with in the same manner. His notes for the re-
modelled, introductory, and explanatory chapters are
too incomplete to be used, so that we .have reprinted
those of the first edition, with only a few trifling
alterations that were rendered needful by changed
circumstances."
We may mention that the tv/o vice-counties for
which no lists of plants exist are forty-two and
seventy-four — Brecon and Wigton, and perhaps
somebody will go and botanise in those neglected
districts.
Mr. Watson's herbarium, manuscripts, and printed
books relating to British botany now form part of the
national collections at Kew,
The Natural History of Hastings and St. Leonards
and the Vicinity. First Supplement. (Daniel &
Co., Hastings.) — This supplement to the Fauna and
Flora of Hastings, that was published in 1S7S, con-
sists partly of additions and partly of revised lists, and
is an earnest of the activity of the local naturalists.
Visitors will find it a useful guide.
STRAWBERRIES.
Autumn and Winter Management. — In
the cultivation of a plant, whether corn, vege-
tables, fruit trees, or shrubs, the first thing for
one to determine is to make himself acquainted
with its structure and habits. When he has ascer-
tained what Nature has designed it to do, and
what means she has furnished, then only can he
judge correctly of the manner in which it may be
treated, and how far it is practicable to alter its dis-
position in order to render it more subservient to his
own purposes. In applying this truth to the cultiva-
tion of the Strawberry, it may be stated that this
plant consists of a very short main stem, seated just at
the surface of the ground, covered with leaves, and
throwing out from the lower part long slender woody
perennial roots, which divide into a multitude of
branches. The stem itself has a soft centre, consist-
ing of pith, with a woody outside covered with an
epidermis or bark. In fact the stem of a Strawberry
plant is not essentially different from the branch of a
tree one year old, with all its joints so contracted as
to touch each other. The roots extend to a consider-
able distance from the stem, branching in all direc-
tions in search of food, and increasing in numbers as
the stem increases in age. Their object, however, is not
only to obtain nutriment from the soil, but a sufficiency
of moisture, of which the Strawberry is particularly
greedy. When undisturbed the roots live for a long
time, and should therefore be preserved as much as
possible. Digging between the rows too, late in autumn
or winter, as is sometimes practised by gardeners,
with a belief that the roots are only annual, is a mis-
taken idea.
After the plantation is once made the principal
attention required is to keep the ground clear
of weeds by hoeing, and on no account to allow
any other crop to be planted between the rows. After
the fruit is gathered the runners are recommended to
be removed, without, however, destroying or taking
off the foliage from the stem, because this prevents
proper buds from being formed for the follov/ing year,
and also because it deprives the plants of their
natural protection during winter. Mr. T. A. Knight,
an authority on the cultivation of the Strawberry,
highly disapproved of digging between the rows
during autumn, for, he says, "By shortening the
lateral roots in autumn the plants not only lose the
true sap which such roots abundantly contain, but
the organs themselves, which the plants to a great
extent depend upon for supplies of new food in the
spring." It is better, therefore, when the ground
between the rows becomes hardened by the treading,
unavoidable in picking the fruit, to loosen the soil
with forks as soon as the crop is gathered, when the
destruction of a few roots will be of less consequence
than to break up and destroy a large proportion of
the organs in winter or late in autumn. If, on
the contrary, winter digging is performed, the roots
are largely destroyed, and the work of the stem must
in consequence be directed downwards for the forma-
tion of more roots, and the supply of nutriment
intended for the leaves and fruit is diminished in pro-
portion to the amount of roots which the plant has to
replace. The Strawberry stem, which is designed to
form leaves and fruit only, cannot have its power
diverted to the formation of roots without diminish-
ing the quantity and quality of its fruit in the foUowing
season,
|jrcl|i(! latcs and |)leanln0S.
Work in the Houses. — Any plants of Lselia
purpurata and Cattleya Warneri that were late in
flowering should be examined at the root, and any
top-dressing necessaryshould be given to them at once.
Most of the early blooming Cattleyas will now be ad-
vanced in growth, and many of them will soon be show-
ing signs of throwing out a fresh set of roots from the
young bulbs, which must be carefully guarded from
injury. The appearance of these young roots seems
to offer an inducement to water the plants more
freely, but this must still be done cautiously, as the
moisture in the atmosphere will be much more agree-
able to them, and will be ample to keep the young
roots gently on the move. It is safer to err on the
side of giving too little than too much water to this
genus at any season, but an overdose just now, when
the young growths are drawing upon the older
ones for supplies, will lead to many of the
older leaves turning yellow more rapidly than
they would do under drier treatment. Most of the
Oncidiums will now be getting in full growth, and
any growing on blocks will require frequent attention
to keep them in a healthy state of moisture at the
roots. The temperature of the Cattleya-house will
accommodate a great many species belonging to this
genus, and where there is not an intermediate-house
available they should be grown with the Cattleyas,
Any of the wiry-rooted ones will generally stand more
water than those with soft, fleshy roots. Avoid
giving them too heavy shading, as the majority of
them will stand a moderate amount of sunshine with
benefit ; and as soon as the growths are getting com-
pleted a little cooler and more airy treatment should
be given to thoroughly ripen up the foliage. Some few
species require warmer treatment than the intermediate-
house, and among these are O. haematochilum, 0.
luridum, O. Lanceanum, O. Kramerianum, and O.
Papilio majus; while O. macranthum, O. cucuUatum,
and O. crispum will succeed in the cool house during
the summer months, keeping them at the warmest
end during the winter season. A useful Orchid for
flowering at this season, and one too seldom seen, is
the old Miltonia spectabilis. When in thriving con-
dition it is a plant that breaks freely, and soon forms
a nice specimen. It will grow well in a shady part
of the Cattleya-house, and should be grown in a
shallow pan or a basket, which must be well drained,
as stagnation at the root is fatal to it. A very thin
layer of fibrous peat and sphagnum raoss in equal
parts will be suflicient to satisfy the wants of the
roots. M. Moreliana is another autumn bloomer that
will thrive under similar conditions to M. spectabilis.
Look over the stock of Dendrobium formosum
giganteum, and any that are completing their
growths should be placed under conditions a little less
exciting than where they are making growths. Place
them well up to the light in an intermediate
temperature, but keep them shaded from direct sun-
shine. The object should be to get the foliage
leathery and the growths moderately firm to ensure a
good crown of flowers. It is a most useful plant for
supplying cut flowers, and the finest of all the white
Dendrobes. There will be little beyond routine work
to do in the cool house. The season up to the present
has been a favourable one for the plants in this house,
as no great difficulty has been experienced in keeping
up a good supply of moisture around the plants, and
an excessive use of the shadings has not been neces-
sary. Keep all pots and stages perfectly clean, and
any material in the house intended to give off moisture
should be frequently turned. Keep the plants well
ventilated night and day during the next month or
six weeks to get the growths firm before autumn, and
any plants infested with thrips or other insects should
be carefully sponged over at short intervals. 7- Roberts,
Giinnersbury Park Gardens,
August ii, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
^1S
Vanda teres. — In my remarks at p. 142 there
is an omission of part of a sentence, which renders
the rest inexpressive and incomplete. Uefore the sen-
tence, "It was kept dry, water being entirely with-
held," should have l)een written " from November to
January." Jos. Broome.
Galeola hydra.— The interesting note at p. in
concerning Galeola induces me to communicate to you
the fact that in the year 1S74 a Galeola blossomed in
the botanical garden at Carlsruhe. I took the plant
for Erylhrorchis (Galeola) altissima of Blume, but Pro-
fessor Reichenbach recognised it as Galeola hydra. In
Professor Pfilzer's GiunJziige ciiier vcri^lciihciutcn
Morpltotogic dcr Orchidccn there will be found (pp.
'5^1 '59) some notes of mine about this remarkable
plant, which, alas ! died after having blossomed. /;.
!\Ia}'cr, Kiirbiuhi, Au^. i.
Number of Genera of Orchids.— Linnxus
knew only about thirty species of tropical epiphy-
tical Orchids ; and all these he referred to his
genus Epidendrum. Though he knew so few,
yet he had among them one or more species
of each of the following genera :— Phalanopsis,
Dendrobium, Brassia, Ornithidium, Brassavola, Gym-
bidium, Renanthera, Oncidium, Isochilus, Stelis
Cyrtopodium, Saccolabium, Vanilla, Pleurothallis,
Vanda, and Angrajcum. How many of the species
Linnaeus actually saw is not easily ascertained — per-
haps not a quarter of them, and those only in a dried
state ; the rest were founded on figures in the works
of Jacquin, Rheede, Sloane, and others. Swartz,
following in iSoo, established a number of new genera,
including Dendrobium, Aerides, Oncidium, Cym-
bidium, and Vanilla— not that these were in all cases
founded upon the same species that came under the
observation of Linnsus. Then came Robert Brown,
who, in Alton's Hortiis Kciueftsis, edition 2, vol. v.,
founded, among others, the genera Brassavola,
Broughtonia, Brassia, and Pleurothallis, and he sub-
sequently proposed the genus Vanda. He also founded
twenty-four out of the forty-eight genera represenled
in Australia. Bhime defined many Asiatic genera, in-
cluding Saccolabium, Arachnanthe, and Phalasnopsis ;
andThouars several African, amongst them Angra^cum
and Bulbophyllum. Hooker (Sir W. J.) published a
few new genera of Orchids, such as Coryanthes, Zygo-
petalum, Polystachya, Peristeria, Ornithocephalus.and
Lockhartia ; but for a period of about forty years
(1820 — 1S60) Orchids were left almost entirely to
Lindley, though it is now hard upon forty years since
Reichenbach published his first paper on Orchids. I
believe that his paper entitled, " Plant.-e Leiboldianee,
Orchidese," which appeared in the Linnaa for 1S44,
was the beginning of his Orchid career. At least, it
is the first publication of his relating to the order that
has come under my notice. How far Lindley has
left his mark on the genera of Orchids may be gathered
from an analysis of the authorship of the 334 genera
retained by Mr. Bentham in the Genera Platitarum.
Leaving out Swartz, Kunth, Ruiz and Pavon, Thouars
and others, who between them established a con-
siderable number of genera, the remaining genera
retained by Mr. Bentham were founded by the follow-
ing authors: — Lindley, 114; Blume, 50; Robert
Brown, 41 ; Reichenbach, 20. The last number does
not include about half a dozen genera which Mr. Ben-
tham has not seen, and is unable to assign places in
his classification, Bentham himself proposes only four
new genera, though he raises some of Lindley's sections
of Epidendrum to the rank of genera. Thus it will be
seen that Lindley established as many genera as Blume,
Brown, and Reichenbach together, or a little mors
than one-third of the total number retained by Mr.
Bentham. With comparatively slight modifications,
Mr. Bentham has elaborated the Orchidese for the
Genera Plantariim on the Lindleyan system, both in
the limits of the tribes and genera. Under the title of
"Notes on Orchidece " [yoiirn. Linn. Soc, xviii.,
pp. 281-360), the author gives an interesting review
of the order, with definitions of the tribes, subtribes,
and some of the principal genera. It may be men-
tioned that Lindley published his first genus of
Orchids (Trizeuxis) in 1S21, when he was twenty-two
years of ago, and I think his last contribution to
Orchid literature was an enumeration of the Orchids
collected in West Tropical Africa by Barter and
Mann, which was read before the Linnean Society in
November, 1861. The total number of names of
proposed genera of Orchids is about 770, or more
than double the number now adopted, By far the
greater part of those reduced are not reduced for the
first time in the Genera Plantariim. Most of them
had been previously reduced, and a not inconsider-
able number of them, by the writeri who originslly
proposed them. IV. B, H.
sugar underneath to attract them, should now be fixed
at once, and as many as possible, in different parts of
the garden. This is about the best contrivance for
their destruction, and gives the least trouble. D, C,
Powell, Poxwkrham Casllc, Devon.
\}\\ |ni[£ln |i;uit |ar(t(in.
Apricots, which are very scarce this year, will
now require to be looked over almost daily and
gathered before they become dead ripe, or as soon
as they can be easily detached from the tree. Great
care must be exercised, as the least injury will cause
speedy decay. The early varieties of Peaches and
Nectarines should be frequentlyexamined and gathered
before they become fully ripe. These will finish in the
fruit-room, and keep for several days longer than when
left to become quite ripe on the tree. The basket or
tray used at the time of picking the fruit should be
well padded with cotton-wool, or dry moss covered
with tissue-paper, so that all danger of bruising may
be prevented as much as possible. To ensure fruit of
the best quality the roots of the tree must be kept well
supplied with moisture and the surface of the soil
mulched ; and until the fruit ripens water applied
to the foliage with the syringe, to keep down
red-spider and aphis. Insert dry bean-stalks about
5 or 9 inches long between the branches to decoy
earwigs, and examine daily to destroy them by
blowing them out into a pot or pail of water. In
the evening dust the borders at the foot of the walls
with lime, to destroy slugs, which are very destructive
to the fruit, especially on dwarf trained trees, and
look well between the branches and foliage for the
house-snail, also very fond of the fruit.
By looking often over the early varieties of Pears,
and picking those which readily separate from the tree,
without breaking the stem, the season may be more
prolonged. Most early kinds are better for pickmg
before they are ripe, if left on the tree to ripen the
flavour becomes much deteriorated. Early Apples
also are best gathered and stored immediately they
detach easily from the tree. Both should be
gathered and stored when dry. Plums— give the same,
attention to the gathering as for Apricots, and to
trees infested with aphis continue to use the syringe.
All fruit trees making a second growth after the
summer forcing pinch back closely. Remove the old
and fruiting canes of Raspberries, as the crops are
finished, thinning-out the suckers to the required
number for the trellis or stakes for next year's fruiting,
retaining the strongest for that purpose, so that they
have the benefit of the sun and air as much as possible
to ripen them. Clear off the weeds, and as the
mulchings put on in winter or early spring have nearly
disappeared, a good Dutch hoeing and loosening of
the soil will be beneficial. Autumn bearing Rasp-
berries should have their suckers removed and kept
well mulched and supplied with water.
The late Gooseberries and Currants, if not already
netted up, should first of all be surrounded with
4-inch mesh wire-netting, as recommended in a pre-
vious Calendar for Strawberries. By stretching wire
on poles over the bushes to keep the net clear of them,
and carrying the net down to the wire netting, the
preservation of the net is insured, as it is kept free
from the damp earth, which would cause it to decay
if left for any length of time, as must be the case
now. Continue to make new beds of Strawberries
as the plants become established in the pots where
layered, and keep them supplied with water until they
have made a start. Remove the suckers from old
fruiting beds and clear off weeds. Keep the growths
of Figs stopped, and pinch-in closely any second
growth made after the first stopping. Make the nets
secure on Morellos, for, now the small fruits are nearly
gone, the birds will naturally visit the late Cherries,
and will find out the least hole left where it is possible
to enter.
Wasps, which happily are not very plentiful, and
flies will soon be expected to commence their depre-
dations. The old remedy of placing two handlights
one over the other, making a small hole on the top
of the lower one, and placing a saucer with fruit or
iBrapes an6 Uineries.
The earliest houses that have been cleared of fruit,
and in which the wood is well ripened, must have
plenty of air night and day, and plenty of clear cold
water at the roots whenever the border is dry. Houses
in which ripe fruit is hanging can be kept as advised
in my last Calendar, but those in which the fruit is
colouring must not be kept at a lower temperature
than 65° by night with a rise of 10° by day, with an
abundance of air from the front and back ventilators
when the weather is hot and bright, but on cold
sunless days less air will be required. Keep a little
fire-heat in the pipes to keep the air warm and cir-
culating, and when the border is dry water with
clear tepid water, choosing a bright day for the opera-
tion, when a little extra fire-heat and air can be used
to dry up the extra surface moisture. Let the laterals
run without stopping if the growth is not too crowded ;
damp the paths and borders only on the brightest
days, when it must be done in the early part of
the day so that it will dry up before the ventilation is
reduced in the evening. Late houses of Black Ham-
burghs swelling their fruit must have liberal supplies
of tepid manure-water on the inside border, and the
outside border must be examined, for if well drained
they will sometimes be dry when not expected, and if
not watered the Vines and fruit suffer ; when water-
ing always give sufficient to go through the border.
When the Grapes commence to colour clear water
only must be used ; keep the night temperature at 65°
with a rise of 10° by day, and close the house early
in the afternoon, while the sun is powerful with
plenty of moisture until they commence to colour.
Muscats that are ripe will not require any fire-heat,
but must be kept cool and have sufficient clear water
at the roots to keep the beriics plump and in good
condition. Those that are nearly ripe can be kept as
advised in my last Calendar. The latest houses will
now be on the change, and if the border is dry water
with tepid manure-water at a temperature of 85°, and
afterwards use only clear tepid water. As the ripening
process advances keep the atmosphere somewhat drier,
but the Vines must have plenty of water at the roots
when they require it. Keep the night temperature at
70°, with a rise of 10° by day, and leave a little air on
the hack ventilators all night, and increase it in the
early part of the day ; give air on the front ventilators
with caution, as Muscats do not require so much front
ventilation when ripening as other Grapes. Keep suffi-
cient heat in the pipes to keep the atmosphere light and
dry.
Late varieties of Grapes must be kept at a night
temperature of 65° to 70°, with a rise of 10° by day.
While the fruit is colouring give air on the front and
back ventilators night and day. If both wood and
fruit are not well ripened they will not keep through
the winter. Any young Vines with extra strong
growths must have plenty of heat and air until the
wood is well ripened, when it must be discontinued
and the front and back ventilators be left open night
and day. Give plenty of clear water at the roots, to
keep them healthy. Pot Vines for next year's fruiting,
now that the pots are filled with roots, will take plenty
of manure-v;ater for a short time longer, and must have
plenty of heat and air, and not be placed too closely
together, so that the sun can play freely among them,
to induce the wood to ripen early. Keep all the laterals
pulled out, and keep them near the glass. Joshua
Atkhts.
Grammatocarpus volubilis is an elegant and
graceful twining plant, with pretty pinnatifid
leaves and cup-shaped flowers of a golden-yellow
colour. For a summer covering for a wall or the
sunny side of an arbour it is eminently suitable, under
such conditions making growths 7 or 8 feet in length.
In the ordinary border, merely trained to a stake or
two, it does not grow so vigorously. It is a near ally
of the genus Loasa, in company with several species
of which it is now flowering at Kew. A native
of Chili, whence it was first introduced in 1824,
but was soon lost ; it was, however, reintroduced
in 1843, and figured in the Bttaniial Naga'.hu,
t. 5028.
176
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, 1883.
f Royal Horticulttir;
Alio- i^ J Fruit and Floral
Aug. 14-4 s^ig of Imported a
t at Protheroe & W
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
ral Society : Meeting of
loral Committees, at ii A.M.
anil Established Orchids,
Morris" Rooms.
? Shropshire Horticultural Society's Great
Wednesday, Aug. is \ Summer Show (two days).
I Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
{Rcadintr Horticultural Society's Show.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
PD,n»v A..„ ,,, J Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
IRIDAY, Aug. 17 -^ Morris' Rooms.
Saturdav, Aug 18 — Sale oi Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
REVERTING to the subject of the Rotham.
sted experiments relating to Grass
Lands, some illustrations of which were cited
at p. 144, referring principally to grasses and to
the action of nitrogenous manures on certain of
them ; it may be instructive to allude by way of
contrast to the Leguminosa; (Trefoils, Clover
Lotus, Lathyrus), and to the action of potash
upon them. On one of the plots mineral
manures, including potass, but without ammonia,
or nitrogenous manures, have been continuously
applied. On this plot the largest total number
of species of plants of all orders has been forty-
four, or eight less than on the unmanured plot.
Of these forty-four grasses have supplied from
sixteen to eighteen species, that is about the
same number as on the unmanured plot. The
Leguminosae have been represented by four
species, as in the plot without manure, while
the miscellaneous orders have furnished twenty-
two or twenty-three species, instead of from
twenty-eight to thirty-one, as on the unmanured
plots.
The absolute number of species, however,
is less instructive than the proportionate weights
they furnish. The seventeen to eighteen grasses
have yielded on this plot a mean quantity of
2S41 lb. per acre, as against 1787 lb. without
manure.
The four leguminous plants have produced
a mean weight per acre of loio lb., as con-
trasted with 193 lb. without any manure at all.
The miscellaneous plants contributed 702 lb.
to this plot, as compared with 617 lb. on the
plot without manure.
Still more significant, however, is the contrast
between the potash plots of which we have
taken one illustration and those to which am-
monia salts alone (without potass) have been
added.
Here the highest number of species has been
thirty-eight, the highest number of grasses
seventeen ; of Leguminosee four, and of mis-
cellaneous plants seventeen.
In actual produce the seventeen (or on an
average only fifteen) grasses have supplied a
mean amounting to 2652 lb. per acre, the four
LeguminosJE only S lb. per acre ! and the seven-
teen (or on the average fifteen) miscellaneous
plants 496 lb.
The cause of this astonishing diminution of
leguminous herbage is conclusively proved to
be chiefly due to the deficient supply of potass,
for where this is supplied even with ammonia
salts in conjunction, the leguminous produce
jumps up. Thus by adding, or by withholding
potass, the quantity of leguminous produce can
be increased or diminished at will, just as by
adding or diminishing nitrogenous manures the
quality and quantity of grassy herbage can be
correspondingly increased or diminished. The
tables abound with striking illustrations of this
character, but we have cited enough to show
their general nature.
But while, speaking in general terms, the
characteristic requirements of the grasses and
of the LeguminosEe are thus shown to be quite
distinct, closer analysis shows that the grasses
differ among themselves, sometimes as much as
grasses do from leguminous plants. To give one
illustration only, the two Poas — P. pratensis and
P. trivialis — are very much alike in appearance,
but very different as regards the action of manures
upon them. Thus, on a plot dressed with
ammonia salts and mineral manures, including
potass, Poa pratensis yielded an average per-
centage of 16.10, Poa trivialis of 2.90. On
another plot, where nitrate of soda was substi-
tuted for the ammonia, Poa pratensis showed a
mean percentage of 2.27, while P. trivialis
afforded 25.44 per cent. These figures are
positively startling, and could we afford space
to give the details for each year instead of the
mean, the result would be even more striking.
These are by no means isolated cases. The
reader will find many others, and many inte-
resting contrasts between the Composites, the
Umbellifers, the Docks, &c., but space forbids
us to do more than mention the facts and refer
to the paper for corroboration.
There is, then, abundant evidence to show
that manures influence the amount of the yield
very materially ; and, further^ that they affect
the nature and quality of the produce quite as
much. With these tables before him, the culti-
vator desirous of favouring one plant, or set of
plants, or of banishing others, will be provided
with valuable suggestions as to the means of
effecting his object, and artiflcial manures and
fertilising dressings may be concocted on the
sure basis of rational experiment.
Not only is the effect of manures on parti-
cular plants brought prominently under notice,
but the effect of particular manures upon each
description of plant is illustrated. It is obvious
from the tables before us how, and to what
varying degrees, particular manures affect the
luxuriance and maturation of leaf, of stem, and
of seed respectively in the same plant. The
nitrogenous manures, for instance, specially
favour leafy development and succulence, the
mineral, earthy, or alkaline manures tend to
mature and consolidate the stem and ripen the
seed. " It is the proper adaptation of the two
descriptions of [manure] to the current require-
ments of the plant and of the season that gives
both full, properly proportioned, and well
matured growth."
A large section of the paper is devoted to
those peculiarities of form and structure by
virtue of which plants growing together main-
tain themselves in competition, or get the
advantage over others ; and then a detailed
account is given of the general conformation of
every one of the species grown on the plots,
and of the way and degree in which it is influ-
enced by the various manures.
The particular species being thus separately
dealt with, the next section is devoted to the
consideration of these species when growing in
association on each separate plot, manured or
unmanured, and also in relation to the varia-
tions of climate and season. The fluctuations
in amount of produce and character of
vegetation are considered, and their causes
discussed. Detailed statistical tables afford
ample means of ascertaining the number of
species, the absolute and proportional amounts
of their produce for the four separation years,
and the differences in these points observed in
the different plots according to the nature of
the manure employed. The very numerous
tables are formidable-looking, especially the
two bulky appendix tables, and the information
they contain is overwhelming in amount. The
text, however, to a large extent is devoted to
the discussion of the more prominent tacts
recorded in these tables, while each of the
latter comprise, in addition to the full details,
a few lines of " summary" at the bottom, which
will save readers desirous of getting at general
results much trouble. The tables and records
properly used will be of incalculable use to all
future investigators, and they will be followed
in due time by similar tables giving the results
of the chemical analyses made of the soil and
of the plants, the whole representing an amount
of sustained work as accurate as it is prodigious.
The French Garden at Chatsworth.
— On the opposite page we give an illustration (fig.
28) of the French garden at Chatsworth— a subject
which was not treated upon in the supplement devoted
to this princely demesne published with our number
for June 26, 1874, but which many of our readers
who have visited the celebrated Palace of the Peak
will no doubt easily recognise. Like a good many
other things at Chatsworth, it 'is unique in its way.
The elevated busts standing in a group to the left are
having the columns that support them clothed with
greenery, and which, so long as kept within reason-
able bounds, will be looked on by most people as
preferable to so much bare stone, whether in keeping
with the original intention of the designer or not.
The figure on the extreme left with outstretched hand
and extensive head-gear is a commanding object,
placently surveying the surrounding scenery. It is
needless to say that this garden is laid out so as to
show the particular style it is intended to illustrate,
and when seen in the subdued light of a summer
evening affords a striking contrast to the less artificial
style that pervades the rest of the grounds,
Royal Horticultural Society. — We are
requested to state that the meetings of the Floral and
Fruit Committees on Tuesday next at South Ken-
sington will be held in the Conservatory.
Digraphis arundinacea (Phalaris). — I
have gathered the striped form (known as Ribbon-
grass) in company with the late Mr. Joseph Hen-
derson, on the banks of Whittlesea Mere, on the
Yaxley side, with Liparis Loeselii, Andromeda,
Viola lactea, and other varieties. M. J. Berkeley.
Proposed Fruit Show. — We understand
that overtures have been made to the Council of the
Royal Horticultural Society with a view to holding a
large fruit show at South Kensington some time in
October next. It is such a long time since the Apple
crop has been so thoroughly satisfactory, and as Apples
must always be the staple of a fruit show of any mag-
nitude it seems a pity that advantage should not be
taken of the circumstance to organise a thoroughly
good and instructive display. Whatever is done in the
matter should be done quickly, and we shall be glad
to have an early opportunity of announcing that the
promoters have succeeded in their aims.
Black Currants. — It is some years now
since black Currants fell to so low a price as they
were selling at on Friday and Saturday of last week,
when 2.S. 6J. and 3J. per sieve were the ruling
quotations. Indeed, so abundant is the crop, that
for the first time in many years red Currants beat the
blacks in the prices returned to the growers. Jam
consumers may be interested to know that, as a result
of the abundant yield and low price, jam manufac-
turers are this season really using the genuine article,
and the growers hope that as the public will get
" real jam " this season, it may be educated to the
extent of acquiring a taste for the right thing, and so
be induced in less bountiful seasons to pay a better
price than growers or conscientious manufacturers
have received of late years. It was unfortunate that
the crop should have ripened up so near to the Bank
Holiday, the loss of three days' work in the manufac-.
tories meaning a loss of many hundreds of pounds to
the growers.
Parcels Post Boxes. — The nursery and
seed trades generally are much indebted to Messrs.
Blake & Mackenzie, of Liverpool, for introducing
many most useful inventions which are largely in
request. In order to meet the requirements of
the new parcels post they have registered a box
for the purpose, made after the same pattern as
their cut-flower boxes, of tough leather board,
with label for address, and a cloth-lined label at
the side for the parcel's stamps, thereby avoiding
the necessity of the postal authorities stamping the
box — a process which has proved so fatal to the
contents of many boxes of insufficient strength. And
printed on the cloth label are full particulars as to
rates of carriage, &c., and also a punched hole for
passing the twine through, and at the side a gummed
flap for securing the box against being tampered with.
These boxes are manufactured in six sizes, from
10 inches by 5J inches up to 15 inches by 9} inches,
the depth increasing from 4 inches to 6^ inches. They
will be found most useful by the trade generally.
German Fancy Carnations.— A remark-
able strain of these, introduced by Mr. Ernest Be-
NARY, of Erfurt, Germany, has just come under
f
o
178
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, 1883.
notice. The plants are of a remarkably dwarf and
yet stocky and vigorous growth, producing large, full,
finely-formed flowers, some of which are decidedly
distinct and novel in the markings. They are known
in Erfurt as the Victoria strain, and they appear to
be well adapted both for pot and for border cultivation.
One of their chief characteristics is their stout, com-
pact growth, forming a dense circle close round the
base of the flower-stem. They are the result of care-
ful selection during the past few years.
Reading Horticultural Society. — The
summer show of this Society takes place on the i6th
inst., and the interest attaching to it is heightened
from the fact that Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Messrs.
Carter & Co., and Messrs. Wehb & Sons, all off-r
valuable special prizes — the former for collections of
eight dishes of fruit, the second for Melons and
Cucumbers, and the latter for vegetables. But it
does seem a pity that a show so thoroughly good, held
in a town having a large industrial population like
that of Reading, should be closed so early as 6 P.M.
The working classes have little chance of visiting the
exhibition.
Anigozanthos rufa. — This is one of the
many examples of a curious and interesting flora
peculiar to Australia, the ornamental and horticul-
tural value of which is often considerable. The nar-
row rigid leaves remind one of certain members of
the Iris family — such, for instance, as the Libertias —
but the long curved tubular flowers present a totally
different character and appearance, while the ru.'"ous
or orange-red colour is due to a dense coating of
papilla', or short fleshy hairs, of that colour, which
give to the otherwise green and colourless perianth
their own hue. If not remarkably brilliant, the
flowers are sufficiently conspicuous to merit a place in
a large greenhouse or conservatory, where they last
for several weeks in good condition. It is to be seen
nt the present time in the winter-garden at Kew.
New Vegetable Products in Costa
Rica. — In consequence of the unremunerative cha-
racter of the Coffee crops during the past few years in
Costa Rica, much attention, it is said, is now being
given to the introduction and cultivation of other crops.
New lands have been opened up on each side of the
railway from Rio Lucio to Limon, where already
there are about 240,000 Banana plants, which are
calculated to yield 30,000 bunches monthly, besides
which Tobacco, Sugar-cane, Pines, and Yams are
also largely grown, and becoming articles of export.
Potatos grow well in the highlands of the Republic,
where they are cultivated, and are now being shipped
to Colon, the West Indies, and the United States.
" The Government is doing all in its power to pro-
mote the cultivation of new products, amongst which
may be mentioned rubber, cocoa, ginger, vanilla,
and ipecacuanha, the three latter of natural growth,
and which it is to be hoped in time will considerably
add to the prosperity of the country." A project has
been submitted to Government for the establishment
of a school of agriculture and a model farm. Instruc-
tion, it is said, is much needed "lor the cultivation
of the almost unknown and valuable products of
Costa Rica."
Allamanda Hendersoni as a Creeper.
— Never before, perhaps, has this handsome species
been seen to better advantage than it is at the present
moment in a large stove-house in Warwick Castle
Gardens. Two fine plants in rare condition, one at
each end, have filled the interior of the roof, and
are now flowering in the most abundant manner
from their short-jointed growths. They appear as if
they would give a succession of their large corymbs
of bloom for some months to come. So freely does
this plant flower, that both are almost a mass of
yellow, and the flowers are very fine. The value of
this Allamanda for cutting purposes can scarcely be
over-estimated ; one can ** cut and come again "
without apparent diminution of its profuse bloom.
Royal Oxfordshire Horticultural
Society.— At the summer show of this Society on
the 2d inst., held in the beautiful gardens of Wad-
ham, Carnations and Picotees were produced in
large numbers and very superior condition. In addi-
tion to the contributions of members, which were
more numerous and far better than in the previous
year, when in the same gardens the National Car-
nation and Picotee Society (Southern Section) held its
supplementary exhibition. Mr. Charles Turner,
of the Royal Nursery, Slough, brought three boxes of
twelve each from his 1st prize flowers of the Slough
show, and Mr. E. S. Dod\vell, of Stanley
Road, Oxford, nine boxes of similar numbers ;
Mr. Dodwell further staging an interesting
group of flowers with buds as cut from the seedling
beds, illustrating the prolific floriferous character of
the tribe, much apparently to the gratification of the
many visitors to the show. In Mr. Turner's group
were William Skirving, P.P.B. (Gorton) ; Rob Roy,
R.F. (Gorton); Matador, S.F. (Abercro-vieie) ; and
Mrs. Webb, Hybrid Rose Picotee (Fellowes), to
each of which a First-class Certificate was awarded.
The Perforation of Leaves. — A great
deal has been written at various times about the per-
forations which are so common in the leaves of
shrubs and trees, and various reasons have been
assigned for the same, all possibly, according to the
several circumstances of each especial case, more or
less correct. The matter has, however, come before
us this year in an exceptional form, which attracted
attention as the supposed work of an unusual plague
of slugs and minute insects, but close attention showed
that the surmise was without foundation. In some
cases the perforations are very minute, and look like
the work of some small caterpillar or other insect
larva, but in other cases, where the unaB'ected por-
tion is strong, the perforations are several inches wide;
all, however, are attributable to one and the same
cause, namely, partial defect in the formation of
chlorophyll, in consequence of which those portions
of the leaves which were affected decayed, leaving
little punctures where the leaves were very young, and
in older vigorous leaves, as in the Sunflower, where
the affected spots were close to each other and
numerous, a large portion of leaf perished, leaving a
wide aperture. This was traced in a great variety
of plants, and in one of Clematis Jackmanni on the
coloured sepal, where they were similarly affected.
We doubt not tha', like ourselves, many attributed
this appearance to the work of slugs or insects. Since
the above was written, we find the petals of the
common yellow Poppy perforated in the same way,
M. J. B.
The Ferns of Socotra.— Dr. M. Kuhn
publishes {B eric hie der Deutschen Bolanischen Gesell-
schafl, i., p. 238) an enumeration of the Ferns col-
lected in the Isle of Socotra, by Dr. Bayley Bal-
four and Dr. Schweinfurth. Conjointly they
collected the following : — Adiantum Balfouri, A.
Capillus-veneris, A. crenatum, Pteridella involutavar.
tripinnatisecta (Cheilanthes), Onychium melanolepis,
Actiniopteris dichotoma var. australis, Doryopteris
concolor, Pteris longifolia, P. biaurita, Asplenium
Schweinfurthii, A. macrophyllum, Ceterach cordatum,
Hypodematium crenatum, Aspidium molle var.
violascens, Nephrolepis sp., Ceratopteris thalictroides,
and Marsilia coromandeliana. Dr. KuHN, who is a
very keen pteridologist, takes a more restricted view
of both genera and species than is taken in Hooker
and Baker's Synopsis filicum. Thus Adiantum
crenatum is regarded by Mr. Baker as a variety of
A. rethiopicum ; Pteridella he refers to Cheilanthes,
and Hypodematium to Nephrodium. Geographically
the Fern flora of Socotra is strictly African. With
the exception of Marsilia coromandelia (which, by-the-
bye, is not a true Fern), a species having its area of
distribution in the peninsula of India, all the species in
the foregoing list belong to the east coast of Africa.
The occurrence of Ceterach cordatum in Socotra is a
noteworthy fact, as it was previously only known,
according to Dr. KUHN, from the Cape and Natal,
though in the Synopsis Filiciim, where it is referred to
the genus Gymnogramme, it is also recorded from
Angola and Bourbon. In the same place NORDSTEDT
describes and figures a new species of Chara, C.
socotrensis, collected by Dr. SCHWEINFURTH.
North American Ferns. — We have re-
ceived a Check List of the Ferns of the United States
of North America, alphabetically arranged for ex-
changes. The author is Geo. E. Davenport, of
Medford, Massachusetts, and he has drawn up a quite
complete list as to species. Cheilanthes villosa has
been omitted, he states, because its occurrence has
not yet been fully established ; and only the more
important varieties have been given. The list in-
cludes thirty-two genera, 161 species, and twenty-
four varieties. Cultivators of hardy Ferns will find
it useful as a clue, at least, to additional hardy species,
though of course many of them are too tender for our
climate,
Paraffin as an Insecticide. — This is
used by Mr. Greenfield at The Priory Gardens,
Warwick, with excellent effect, as a means of keeping
down mealy-bug. The interior of a span-roofed house
is covered with a singularly free-blooming form of
Stephanotis floribunda, in good condition ; but in order
to keep mealy-bug in entire subjection the place is
occasionally syringed with a mixture of a wine-glass
of paraffin added to about 3 gallons of water. With
this the Stephanotis is freely syringed, the liquid drop-
ping down on a quantity of stove plants beneath. A
half hour or so after the whole is syringed with clear
water. If any one should be led to suppose that the
mixture dropping freely on to the plants below might
do them any injury, they may be assured that this
does not happen at The Priory Gardens. The small
plants on the stages are clean and in the most luxu-
riant health, and not the slightest trace of harm is
seen from the use of the paraffin, and any disagreeable
smell soon passes away. Those who use paraffin in
this way, however, must be careful to keep the mix-
ture well agitated while using it.
Spik.^a millefolium is a remarkable
shrub, with compound leaves, much resembling those
of our common Yarrow, Achillea millefolium, grey-
green in colour, and covered on the under surface
with pretty star-shaped hairs. It is a Californiau
shrub, which has but very recently found its way to
British gardens. It may be seen in the Spirsea collec-
tion in the Kew Arboretum. In general appearance
it is strikingly similar to another Californian shrub,
which has, in all probability, disappeared from culti-
vation in this country. We refer to Chamrebatia
foliolosa (Botanical Magazine, tab. 5171), which
was introduced to this country by Messrs. Veitch. In
the work just mentioned it is spoken of as a very
strange and peculiar rosaceous plant, with flowers like
those of a shrubby Potentilla, and finely divided
leaves like those of some species of Milfoil. So much
alike is the foliage of Spirrea millefolium and
Cham^batia foliolosa, that the former has been mis-
taken for the latter by more than one collector,
Limnanthemum nympH;E0IDES. — Un-
common or rare British plants are always interesting
to collectors, and occasionally also to horticulturists,
if they possess any decorative value. The present
species enjoys a wide range of distribution on Conti-
nental Europe and Asia, although in Britain it is
confined to the southern part of England, except
where originally planted. At first sight no one would
recognise in it a Gentianwort, so closely do the float-
ing leaves resemble those of a miniature NymphjEa.
It grows very freely in the still waters of Richmond
Park, Surrey, where the leaves, beautifully spotted
with bronzy- purple, form a distinct and attractive
groundwork for the yellow flowers which just emerge
from the water. Under cultivation it responds readily
to the cultivator's art, and blooms freely whether
grown in pots or planted out. Any one possessing a
tank of even moderate dimensions could do worse
than give it a trial. There is a figure of it in English
Botany, 217.
Watsonia rosea var. alba. — The white-
flowered form of this lovely Cape Irid is rare in culti-
vation, and also — as we learn from one who is familiar
with the plant in its native habitats — in a wild state.
It is a fine Gladiolus-like plant, about 2 feet in height,
with waxy-white flowers. The Watsonias do well as
pot plants ; good well-drained loam and leaf-mould
suits them well, and they require to be kept quite
dry during the season of rest, indeed the bulbs should
be taken up and housed just as are the finer Gladioli.
Although they succeed very well when grown in pots,
they grow much more vigorously if planted out in
spring in a cold frame or a warm sunny border.
Rosa Brunoniana is a singularly vigorous
and handsome Himalayan Rose, which was sent to
Kew by Dr. Wallich more than forty years ago ;
a characteristic figure appeared in vol. Ixix. of the
Botanical Magazine. In its early days it was planted
against a wall facing west, and carefully sheltered
during winter. No doubt it would succeed well
under such conditions, but the proper place for so
rampant a grower seems to be the wild garden or the
back of the shrubbery border, where its long shoots
AuiiUST 11, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
179
could ramble at will over and amongst the branches
of small trees. Now and then during severe winters
the grosser growths are killed down, but they soon
spring up again,' sometimes shoots 12 or 14 feet
long being produced in a single season. On one
of the Kew plants more than a hundred of the
fragrant white blossoms were counted in a single
inflorescence,' and this was by no means an extra-
ordinary one.
LiNARIA TRIORNITUOPIIOKA. — Of the
numerous species to be seen in cultivation, one way
or other, probably few equal and none excel in size
the flowers of this plant. Many of the Toad-flaxes,
especially those of annual duration, are rather weedy
in Iheir nature, and, once allowed to ripen seeds
within the precincts of the garden, they persist in
cropping up in all sorts of positions, even on the
walks, and in the crevices of old walls. Under such
circumstances, however, if the flowers are at all
brightly coloured, owing to their profusion of bloom,
there is great temptation to tolerate their wantonness.
L. triornithophora is, moreover, perennial and hardy,
except in exceptionally severe winters. It is flower-
ing in the herbaceous ground, Kew, where it with-
stood the winter without protection, and is conspicuous
amidst a goodly number of species by its bold
terminal racemes of purple flowers, which, from the
upright position of the three lobes of the lower lip,
and the pale yellow spreading spur, bear considerable
resemblance to three birds on the perch. The plant
is flgured in the Botanidd Mi\s;a:ini, 525,
■ Lathyrus tuberosus is a beautiful hardy
perennial, similar in appearance to the Everlasting
Pea, but smaller in all its parts. It is well worth a
place in the shrubbery or mixed border, and is
eminently fitted to take due care of itself; lor this
reason, in all probability, Curtis, in vol. iv. of the
Bolanical Magazine, gives it as his opinon that " it
is, perhaps, better suited to decorate the undipped
hedge of the pleasure-ground than the border of the
flower garden." In spite of the fact of this species
having been cultivated so long in British gardens,
and its being thoroughly naturalised in one or two
places in Britain, it is far from common in herbaceous
collections. In the work above quoted the author
does not fail to warn gardeners that it must be
cautiously introduced on account of its creeping roots,
by which it is most readily propagated, rarely ripen-
ing its seeds with us. In some parts of the Continent
it is cultivated for the sake of the tubers, which are
edible, and an account of the method of cultivation is
given in one of the earlier volumes of the Trans-
actions of the Horticultural Society.
The Northern Section of the Carna-
tion AND Picotee Society will hold its annual
exhibition in the Botanical Gardens at Old Trafford,
Manchester, on Tuesday next.
The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending August 6, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London : — The weather has been generally
cloudy or dull, although the amount of rainfall reported
has been small. Over northern and central England
some thunderstorms have been experienced. The
temperature, though higher than that of last week,
has again been below the mean in all districts except
"Scotland, E.," and "England, N.E.," the deficit
ranging between i" and 2". The maxima, which were
registered on different days in the various districts,
ranged from 6S° in "Ireland, S.," to 75° in " Eng-
land, S.," and 77° in the " Midland Counties." The
minima, which were also recorded on various days,
ranged from 49° in "England, N.W.," to 46° in
" England, S.VV.," and 43° in the "Midland Coun-
ties." The rainfall has been slightly more than the
mean in " Ireland, S.," but less elsewhere. Bright
sunshine has been very deficient in all districts, the
percentages of possible duration varying from 10 in
" Ireland, N.," 14 in the "Midland Counties," and
15 in " Ireland, S," to 33 in " Scotland, W.," and
34 in "England, N.W." Depressions observed: —
At the commencement of the period pressure was
highest over the South of France, and lowest over the
North Sea, Scotland, and the greater part of England.
As the week advanced the barom-eter rose generally,
and the highest pressure gradually moved to the south-
west of England, reaching Ireland by the 3d, the
barometer at the same time being lowest over Sweden.
After this date, however, depressions appeared off our
north-western coasts, and the area of highest pressure
was again slowly transferred to the South of France.
The winds during the first two days were light or
moderate from between N.W. and W., very light or
moderate on the 2d and 3d, and during the remainder
of the period generally moderate or light from the
south-west or westward.
^^'^C?^
THE NATURALISED PLANTS OF
THE AUCKLAND PROVINCIAL DIS-
TRICT, NEW ZEALAND.*
The following condensed extracts are interesting as
showing that the weeds of cultivation and domestic
weeds, or such plants as grow near habitations, and
roadside weeds are much the same at the antipodes
as at home. It is also the same in North America.
The wonderful rapidity with which plants alien to
New Zealand have estsblished themselves in this
country, the rate at which they have spread through
the length and breadth of the land, and the marked
effect they have produced and doubtless will continue
to produce on the indigenous vegetation, are facts so
patent that they cannot escape the notice of the most
incurious person. And it is a remarkable circumstance
that most of these plants are of European origin. A
stranger landing at any one of the chief ports in the
colony might almost fancy himself to be in a corner of
the Northern Hemisphere, if the appearance of the
vegetation were his only guide.
The sturdy and irrepressible plants that occupy the
waste places and roadsides of a European town meet
him on his arrival here ; the weeds of the pastures and
meadows are mostly the same ; the cultivated fields
and gardens are invaded by the same unwelcome and
troublesome intruders here as there. And when he
comes to carry his observations further into the
country, and makes acquaintance with its true flora,
still he finds, however far he may extend his travels,
that there is no corner, remote and apparently in-
accessible though it may be, into which some of these
species of northern origin have not found their way,
and thrust out a portion of the original possessors of
the soil.
No part of New Zealand is better suited for study-
ing this " replacement of species," as it is aptly termed
by Sir Joseph Hooker, than the district of Auckland.
Possibly in portions of the Canterbury Plains the
destruction of the native plants and the establishment
of foreign ones in Iheir place may be more complete
over large continuous areas than anywhere in Auck-
land ; but this.is a consequence of^extensive cultivation,
coupled with sameness of physical conditions ; and
the number of species naturalised is comparatively
small. The mildness of the northern climate, warm and
moist without being loo hot, is not only favourable to
the common weeds of Northern and Central Europe,
some o( which exhibit a luxuriance rarely seen in
their native country, but allows many plants from
warmer climes to become n-aturalised by their side, so
that the total number of species introduced is large
indeed.
To mention one instance — the little county
of Eden, which includes simply the Auckland
Isthmus, and cannot have a greater area than about
25,000 or 30,000 acres, supports nearly 350 natur-
alised plants, all of spontaneous origin, and main-
taining themselves without direct assistance from
man ; or, as in most cases it would be more correct
to say, in spite of his efforts to destroy them. This
is a number almost identical with that of the indi-
genous species of flowering plants found in the same
area.
The only attempt hitherto made to catalogue the
naturalised plants of Auckland is that of Mr. Kirk,
who enumerates 292 species. In some subsequent
papers Mr. Kirk adds a few additional species, raising
the total to 314, from which I would deduct thirty-
one as being indigenous or incorrectly recorded as
naturalised. In an appended catalogue I give the
names of 387 species, with particulars of their dis-
tribution, 104 being recorded for the first time. I
have taken some little trouble in collecting statistics
respecting these 3S7 species, and it will be useful to
give a brief abstract before proceeding to dicuss why
it is that so large a number of foreign plants have
been able to establish themselves here, and why they
should have such an apparent advantage over the
native flora.
First as to Iheir origin. Naturalised plants, as a
rule, have wide ranges, and are often found in an
* Extracted from an article by T. F. Cheesman, F. L. S. . in
the TninsactwHS and Frcceedin^s of the Nelv Zealand
Institute, vol. xv.
indigenous condition (so far as we can judge) over
half a continent or more. Whether this is due to
naturalisation .at a remote period, through the agency
of man, direct or indirect, or whether it is that in
addition to possessing great flexibility of character,
and consequent power of adapting themselves to
varied conditions, they have also been able to spread
widely by natural means of migration, it is now for
the most part impossible to say— probably both causes
have operated. Their wide ranges, however, make
it difficult to state their distribution with exactness,
but the following will be found a sufficiently close
approximation. Two hundred and eighty are natives
of Europe, many of them also ranging into temperate
Asia and North America, and some of them into
North Africa. Ten species, not European, are from
the eastern portion of North America, and four are
from the western side of the same continent. This
will make a total of 294 species introduced from the
north temperate zone. From Australia, notwithstand-
ing its nearness to us, we have only received ten ;
from Chili and the cool portions of South America
nine, from the Cape of Good Hope twenty-one.
Finally, there are fifty-three species from the sub-
tropical and tropical portions of both hemispheres,
most having a very wide distribution.
With respect to the habit and duration of the
species, only thirty-one are trees or shrubs, the remain-
ing 356 being herbaceous. Of this latter number 176
are annual, twenty-eight biennial, 152 perennial. The
large proportion of annual species is noteworthy, as in
the indigenous flora nearly all the herbaceous plants
are of perennial growth.
If it is endeavoured to divide the species into groups
according to the nature of their habitats, it will be
found that nearly two-thirds fall, in about equal num-
bers, into three classes, namely, weeds of cultivated
fields and gardens, of meadows, and of roadsides or
waste places. Of the remaining third a considerable
proportion are escapes from gardens, or other plants
whose position it is difficult to define at present, and
which occupy very various stations— littoral, paludal,
sylvestral, &c.
Finally, we find that the species belong to 233
genera, arranged in sixty natural orders. The orders
most strongly represented are — Graminea:, sixty
species ; Compositce, filty-one species ; Leguminosie,
thirty-five species ; Crucifetce, twenty species ; Caryo-
phylleae, fifteen species ; and Rosacea;, fourteen
species. Of the genera no less than 1S2 are without
indigenous representatives in this country, and sixteen
of the orders are in the same position.
We have no space left to reproduce Mr. Cheesman's
views respecting the reasons why introduced plants
have an advantage over indigenous ones, and on the
ultimate result of the struggle between the two ele-
ments ; but we may say that he does not think many
native species will suffer extirpation in spite of some
introduced plants having penetrated and become
common in the most remote spots. An examination
of his list shows that it consists largely of plants that
are common "weeds" in their native countries,
mostly possessing extraordinary powers of reproduc-
tion either from seed or spreading roots, or both. H.
Tree Planting in Mexico. — The Mexican
Government has concluded a contract with Mr. Oscar
A. Droege to plant 2,000,000 of trees in the Valley
of Mexico within four years, commencing March 15,
1S84. Half a million trees a year are to be planted
in such places as the Government shall decide. The
contractor pledges himself to establish a number of
nurseries, and to have in them each year at least
80,000 Ash, 35,000 Willows, 120,000 Poplars, 6o,OOQ
Eucalyptus trees, 60,000 Mountain Cypress Cedars,
60,000 Acacias, and 120,000 of miscellaneous va-
rieties. The trees must be in plantations of from
50,000 to 100,000 each, and Mr. Droege has to
maintain them for two years after planting. He is
not compelled to plant trees along the highways,
however. Three graduates of the School of Agri-
culture are to be received into the nurseries each
year, there to study the science of forestry. He
is also to raise fruit, and other useful plants, for free
distribution. There is to be translated from the
German every year a work on arboriculture of
recognised merit. An inspector is to superintend,
and Mr. Droege is to receive annually 40,000
dols. till the sum reaches a total of 200,000 dols,
Times,
rSo
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, 1883.
SUGAR AND BEAN-CAKE AT
SWATOW.
Reporting on the trade of Swatow, China, for the
year 1SS2, Mr. Consul Phillips says there are at
Swatow two factories which merit notice — the sugar
refinery and the bean-cake factory, both of which are
doing a profitable business, and a stranger arriving at
the port and seeing clouds of smoke issuing from the
lofty chimneys has the impression left upon his mind
that Swatow is a busy and a thriving place.
Large quantities of sugar are refined here. At first
the out-turn was 25 tons a day of raw sugar, but now
it makes 50 tons a day. The tables which accom-
pany the report show that some 138,088 piculs of
white sugar were sent to Hong Kong in 1S82. Of
this 113,000 piculs underwent a process of refining at
the refinery. Up to the present this establishment
has only had machinery adapted to cleansing the
sugar from molasses and impurities by the Weinrich
patent process, the cleansed sugar being all shipped
to the refinery in Hong Kong, owned by the same
company, where it undergoes the complete process of
refining through animal charcoal, after which it is fit
for direct consumption. Buildings are now being
erected at the refinery at Swatow for the reception of
these animal charcoal filters, and the necessary
machinery in connection therewith, which will make
the refinery a complete refining establishment capable
of turning out the refined sugar in a finished state.
The cultivation of the Sugar-cane has been largely
developed since the establishment of the refinery at
Swatow, and much of the land formerly used for
growing sweet Potatos, Rice, &;c., has been put
under sugar cultivation. Owing to the cheap rates
of freight and steady steamer communication with the
Rice producing ports, Rice can be laid down at such
a price as to compete successfully with the home-
grown article, and the tendency will be, now that the
natives can depend on purchasers for their sugar,
they will cultivate the article more and more. This
will cause an increase in the trade of the port, for
while there will be more sugar to export there will
be more Rice to import, and also bean-cake, to be
used as manure for Sugar-cane. This increased culti-
vation of sugar, besides offering scope for refining
industry, commands the attention of merchants, as it
is now frequently possible to export sugar with profit
to the large markets of England and America, and
this branch of business is yearly receiving more
attention. Supplies of sugar from the smallest sea-
ports in the neighbourhood are greatly increasing,
doubtless attracted to Swatow by the certainty of
a market, which results in what would be sent away
in junks being to a certain extent transferred and
exported in foreign steamers. A considerable quan-
tity of sugar is still sent to Hong Kong in junks, the
lowness of the duty when shipped by them (about
half the foreign duty is charged) more than making
up for the comparatively cheaper freight by foreign
steamers. The quality of the sugar grown in the
neighbourhood is very fair, comparing favourably
with that of Manilla in price. Only a very small
proportion of the crop is unclayed sugar, the manu-
facture and packing of clayed sugar being better
understood and more largely engaged in than in any
other port in China. There are some six Europeans
and 100 Chinese engaged in the refinery.
The bean-cake manufactory is entirely a Chinese
venture, and is situated among the foreign hongs at
Swatow. It was first started some three years since.
At its commencement it turned out only 200 cakes a
day, in the second year of its existence 300 cakes a
day, and last year 400 cakes a day. One thousand
catties of Beans make nineteen bean-cakes, each
weighing 472 catties ; besides which bean-oil to the
amount of 112 catties is also extracted. The cakes
are in the form of the Chefoo bean-cakes, and their
cost is about the same as those imported from that
port and Newchwang.
J4ojVIE ■pORREpPOJMDEJMCE.
Hybridising Campanulas. — I have tried and
been successful in the hybridisation of many flowers,
but like your correspondents, Mr. Broclcbank and
Mr. Wolley Dod (pp. 74, 75), cannot manage Cam-
panulas. May I venture to suggest the difficulty ?
Does it not arise from this, that the pollen is shed
and fecundation effected before the flower opens ?
That is my experience, I should like to know the
opinions of others of your correspondents. Campanula
turbinata has been supplied to me as C. Raineri, but
the latter, as Mr. Brockbank states, is perfectly dis-
tinct, and to my taste much the best, though far more
difficult to grow. Your correspondents do not mention
C. Barrelieri, which is well worth growing — a trail-
ing species, with large blue flowers and hirsute leaves.
Can you tell me which is right — C. Wanneri, C. Van-
neri, or C. Warneri? I have had this under each
name. A. Raivson^ Windennere. [It is figured and
described as C. Wanneri in Rochel's Plants Banatiis
Rariores. Ed.]_
Mauve. — This word is so often used in describing
the colour of the flowers when either lavender or
light purple is meant, that it is worth while to fix the
colour. At the same time the word is repudiated by
artists as a "milliners' term." Mauve is the French
form of Malva, and is the popular name of Malva
silvestris, or the common wild Mallow. It is to the
ordinary colour of this flower that we must look for
typical " mauve " colour.^C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall,
Aug. 4.
Bundling Asparagus. — A few weeks ago, when
"grass" was in season, Mr. Henry Eldridge, gar-
dener, Chesterford Park, Saffron Walden, sent us a
Clkrodendron fragrans. — This is a most
useful plant, not so much grown as it deserves to be,
though it is perhaps natural that gardeners should
give preference to the rapid-growing and free-flower-
ing Clerodendron Balfourianum. C. fragrans is a plant
of slow growth, doing best perhaps in a small state,
when it is most useful for cutting from. It is grown
in this way by Mr. R, Greenfield, The Priory
Gardens, Warwick, and is a great favourite for indoor
decoration. The rosette-like white flowers, with red
centres, are borne in small clusters, and they are
sweetly fragrant.
Fig. 29.— how to bundle asi'aragus.
specimen of a contrivance he uses to facilitate the
operation of tying up Asparagus into bundles, and
which bears a close resemblance to a similar implement
which has long been in use in Covent Garden. That,
however, need not prevent us from illustrating it, for
the benefit of those who may not have seen such a
handy thing before. Its construction need not be
described, so simple is the whole apparatus, and to
make one will give any young gardener employment
for an hour some winter's evening.
Vegetable Crops. — Farmers are proverbial for
grumbling and complaining, which they are now
doing about the weather, quite forgetting that,
although not exactly favourable for the ripening of
grain, it is plumping the kernels, vastly benefiting the
root crops, and helping to bring forth an abundance
of feed for the autumn. Among gardeners there is
general congratulation, especially with those located
in light land districts, on how well the season is
suiting them, for though the rain may force a few
weeds. It saves the water-pot, which at best is not of
much use, as it is very rare that sufficient soakings
are given, and if they be they are not half so beneficial
as those we get from the heavens, which not only
succour the roots, but improve the atmosphere, and
nourish the foliage, as may readily be seen by the
healthy, luxuriant state it is in. As to vegetables,
they could not possibly look better, for if we turn to
Peas we see them rampant in their haulm, quite out-
topping the sticks, and hung with pods, full almost to
bursting. It is hardly warm enough for French
Beans, but Scarlet Runners, like Peas, are not only
travelling fast and getting aloft, but the racemes of
blossoms seem all to set, and the Beans run out to
great length, and are tender and delicious when
cooked, which they cannot fail to be when they grow
so quick, and swell in the rapid way they do now.
Cauliflowers, that are generally so much trouble
to get during summer, have turned in white and close,
totally free from caterpillar and the " blues," so pre-
valent with these and other of the Brassicas when the
weather is dry. Broccoli seem as if they could not
help growing, and if they go on at the present rate
they will be gigantic indeed, for some of the sorts in
rows 4 feet apart have their leaves meeting, and the
same may be said of Brussels Sprouts, which will
soon have stems as thick as one's arm. Celery revels
in wet, and is also making hasty growth, so that there
will be no fear of its bolting, or being tough and
stringy, as is generally the case when it gets checked
in its progress. The maggot, which threatened to do
so much harm some time back, has disappeared, at
least it has so with us, but we perseveringly pinched
the leaves whenever we saw any blister spots on the
surface. Almost every one was anxious about Potatos
some time back, as nearly all expected another visita-
tion of the disease, and felt sure we should have it in
a more virulent form, which, as it is favoured in its
spread by thunderstorms and the condition of the
atmosphere attending them, there was every reason
to fear. Fortunately, the alarm felt has been ground-
less, and instead of the malady being worse
this year the country is more free from it than
it has been for a long time, and the Potato crop gives
every promise now of being exceptionally heavy
and good, as the tops look well, and the earth
along the rows is cracking and rising from the up-
heaving and swelling of the numerous tubers.
Asparagus, which generally suffers in hot summers,
has top enough to hide a tall man, which fine growth
bids fair for the making and developing the strongest
of crowns, and gives every promise of big "grass " in
the spring. Onions are swelling out their bulbs,
which must be large, as the tops are yet green and full
of health and vigour — a condition, perhaps, that may
lead to their having bull-necks, unless they are bent
over and pressed down by the back of a wooden rake,
which is a good plan of treating them when they show
a tendency to be big in the waist. Lettuces, instead
of running away and aspiring to seed, are content to
heart, and require no tying, as they fold over their
leaves and shut out the wet, which they enjoy so much
at their roots. As to quality they cannot be finer, for
they are crisp^ sweet, and juicy as any that are got in
the spring. I am not, it should be understood, writ-
ing this of those under my charge, but of all I have
seen, and having got so far through the summer,
vegetables will not suffer much now, and cannot fail
to be not only abundant but good for the rest of the
season through. J. Sheppard.
Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution, —
During the last few weeks the committee of this
Institution have issued about 11,350 collecting cards
in aid of the Pension Augmentation Fund. The
cards have been sent to every person whose name
could be found in the Horticultural Directories in the
slightest degree connected with horticulture, and
among this number were about Sooo gardeners. Up
to this afternoon I have received ninety-nine replies,
contributing the sum of ^^135 17J. 4<^. — an aver-
age oi £\ Is. <id. to each collector. I am fearful
if we do not receive better support than this from
the gardening world it will be a very long time before
the pensions can be increased. Edw. R. Cutler, Secre-
tary, 14, Tavistock Row, Covent Garden, W.C,
Aug. 8.
Australian and American Cress. — Australian
Cress is a delicacy not nearly so well known, or if
known not cultivated so much as it deserves to be,
for it is mild and delicate in flavour, an excellent
relish with bread and butter, and a very pleasant
addition to a salad, not being so pungent as ordinary
Cress. American Cress, so called, is a native of
Britain, and is very nice indeed when eaten while
still very young ; it makes a capital salad in winter,
when Watercress cannot be obtained. We sow the
seed in June thinly in drills I foot asunder, or as an
edging, thinning the plants soon alter they are up to
9 inches apart. When the leaves are 3 inches long
they are ready for use, picking them off as you would
Parsley. When the plants are pretty strong, about
the middle of August, a portion should be cut back so
as to have a supply of young and tender leaves for
winter use. By cutting back at three separate periods
and protecting during severe weather with a few light
twigs or branches, covering these with bracken or
long litter, a succession may be kept up till spring.
The American Cress, although but little cultivated —
how often, for instance, do we see it in the market ?
— is a really useful and valuable food plant, T. J.
Aquilegia Skinneri. — Hybrid forms of A. cana-
densis or A. truncata are so often described under
this name, that I again call attention to it. They
often resemble it in the size and form of the flower,
but never in the colours. A. Skinneri is just now
(on August 4) in full flower in several parts of my
garden, where it never yet flowered before July — and
seldom flowered until late in July. The late flower-
ing has this advantage, that it is the only Columbine
from which I can depend on gathering genuine seed,
though it seeds very sparingly. The flower-stalk is
at most about 3 feet high, with horizontal branches,
and candelabrum habit, and pendulous flowers.
August ii, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
181
Twelve (lowers open at a time is the most I have ever
seen. Dimensions just taken from an average flower
give 3 inches from the top of the spur to the bottom
of the anthers, which protrude nearly three-quarters
of an inch, and i inch for the breadth at the mouth.
The petals, including the spur, are clear red to within
half an inch of the lower end, which, together with
all the sepals, is bright pea-green. The leaves are
much divided, and generally begin to wither as soon
as the flowers begin to open, showing that the plant
is not quite satisfied with my climate. I may add
that the plants rarely flower until they are two and a
half years old, and then only for one or two seasons,
when they become worn out. C IVolhy Dodd^ Edge
Hall, Auq. 4.
Masdevallia Garden. — The accompanying il-
lustration (fig. 30) represents a plant of the new
Masdevallia Cardeti, exhibited this season at one
of the meetings of the Floral Committee. The
introduction of the species is due to Mr. E. Shuttle-
worth of the Orchid importing firm of Shuttleworth,
The latter, when struck in partial shade in the open
air at this time of year make excellent plants for
planting late in autumn. It is better never to leave
plants undisturbed for two years running. One of the
well-known growers of new Vansies in Scotland
recommended soil in which Potatos had been grown
the previous year as specially suitable. Here, having
a gravel subsoil which is like a sieve, Pansies, like
most other plants, require richer treatment than they
might otherwise need ; and a layer of turves, not
chopped up, at the bottom of the beds, is also an
advantage, by lessening the drainage in so dry a soil.
C. M, O,
The Potato Disease has spread with great
rapidity in this locality during the past week or so.
The haulms of most varieties, except Sutton's Magnum
Bonum, are much afVected. Early Rose, Beauty of
Hebron, Trophy, and Red Emperor, are the only
ones at present in which it has reached the tuber. The
past few days have been fine and dry, and seem to
have arrested its progress. Good results having been
Fig. 30.— masdevallia carderi.
Carder & Co., of Clapham, and it was described in
our columns by Professor Reichenbach so recently as
June 23 last, p. 7S4. The substance of the flower is
described as being singularly fleshy and soft ; the long
tails yellow, spotted with dark blackish-purple ; and
the free triangular portions as being short, and the
short cupula whitish outside, ochre-orange at the base,
and bearing a blackish mauve-purple zone between
those two areas. It is a species that all lovers of this
singular genus will look forward to possessing.
Scotch Pansies. — The word " Scotch " having
been mistaken for "seedling," we have been given
(p. 146) undeserved credit for raising Pansies in the
South of Ireland almost equal to some of the Scotch
ones. Those sent last week were all named (Scotch)
kinds, and sent in proof that it is less difficult to grow
them in the South [of Ireland] than is often supposed.
But Pansy culture is carried to such perfection in
Scotland (as a visit to a Pansy show would clearly
prove) that even were they much more difficult to
grow it would be worth the trouble of trying ditferent
soils and positions likely to suit their needs when
transplanted to a more southern climate. Young
rooted shoots from plants pulled to pieces late in
autumn or in spring do almost as well as cuttings.
obtained in former years by the pulling up of the
haulms on its first appearance, many are acting on
this experience and doing it this season largely. I
have grown Sutton's Magnum Bonum since the
second year of its introduction, and have never seen
disease in the tuber yet. As I have stated in your
columns before, it is the principal one grown in this
district for the main crop, and from enquiries I have
made personally from many growers, the disease has
not been detected by them in it. The soil is a light
sandy loam, with a red sandstone subsoil. D, C.
Powell^ Poivdci-hani Castle^ Keiiton^ Devon^ Aug, 7.
Potato Mona's Pride. — I am pleased to find
that at length I have a true stock of this old and once
popular Potato, I had seen it growing, and always
well, some years since at Woodstock, and eventually
got it from that locality, but in a greatly mixed con-
dition. It is really a true Walnut-leaf kind, having
green shoots and pale green stems and leafage, the
latter curling inwards, and both in top and tuber is
very distinct from any of the Ashleaf family. 1 find
it to be very early, very robust, comes very regularly,
and a good cropper. The tubers are somewhat
rounder, and perhaps shorter than are those of the
Ashleaf. I do not know how far Mona's Pride differs
from the old Walnut-leaf— a kind that seems to be
almost extinct, but no doubt there is considerable
resemblance. Under this name it was introduced
into commerce here liy, I believe, Mr. W. Dean, then
of Shipley, from the Isle of Man, but it seems never
to have attained to the position as an early garden
variety which it so much merits. The quality of the
tubers from off our stiff clay soil when cooked 1 find
to be first-rate. Another first early kidney that has
yet to make a reputation, and I think will do so, is
Midsummer Kidney. This is one of the very earliest,
produces fine white tubers, long and roundish, and
generally handsome. I saw some growing in Mr.
McKinlay's garden the other day, from S lo 10 oz.
each, that were truly splendid. The top is short and
distinct, and the quality of the tubers is excellent. I
am inclined to think that if gardeners will give Mona's
Pride and Midsummer Kidney a trial next spring
with Ashleafs they will grow them again and again,
A. D.
Ottelia ovalifolia. — Seeds of this interesting
Australian aquatic were received at Kew last year
from Sir F. von Mueller, who expressed a desire that
the plant should become established in European
aquaria, as it was a handsome garden plant. Al-
though last year strong plants were grown from
the seeds, only one bore anything like a flower
with any pretensions to beauty, although all of them
produced a large number of stout buds. It seemed
not improbable that the desire of Sir F. von Mueller,
that the plant should become popular, was not likely
to be gratified by the success of the plant at Kew.
Strangely enough, although the flowers were not
developed a large quantity of seedlings came up in the
tanks this spring, which had the effect of removing
the suspicion that the plant was unisexual and not
hermaphrodite as stated in botanical works. From
these seedlings a batch has been grown on, and recently
several very handsome flowers — handsome enough to
justify Sir F. von Mueller's high encomium — have been
developed at Kew. The seedling leaves are strap-
shaped, resembling those of Vallisneria, and remain
submerged. As the plant strengthens, petiolate leaves
are developed with petioles from 9 inches to i foot in
length and the blade elliptical, about 2 inches broad
by 6 inches long, and floating on the surface. The
flowers are borne on stout peduncles about I foot
long, but no doubt varying in length according to the
depth of the water. The outer segments are short and
green, and the three inner ones or petals are i\ inch
long by 2 inches broad, with a reticulate nervation,
pure white, with a deep crimson blotch at the base of
each. In Bentham's Flora Aiistralicnsis they are
described as being yellow. The flowers and general
appearance of the plant resemble Limnocharis Hum-
boldtii, to which it will form a worthy companion in
tropical aquaria. The fugacious nature of the petals
may possibly be made up for by the free production
of flowers. D. ovalifolia is a native of Queens-
land, New South Wales, North Australia, &c.
This species, along with a second, O. tenera,
is endemic in Australia. O. alismoides, a third
Australian species, is found also in India.
The seeds of this plant were sent by Sir F. von
Mueller, packed in three diflerent ways — one lot in
a bottle of water, the second in damp clay, and the
third perfectly dry, and enclosed in an ordinary seed
packet. To test the diflerent methods of packing,
the seeds of each were sown separately, and placed
in the same tank. Of those sent in the bottle and in
clay, not one seed germinated, but the seeds sent in
an ordinary packet germinated in large numbers.
With very few exceptions — at least, as far as I know
— the seeds of most aquatics retain their powers of
germination for a considerable time when kept per-
fectly dry — Nymphseas, Nelumbiums, Euryale,
Trapa, Sagittaria, and many others germinating
freely after having been kept dry for a long period.
I have never tested the seeds of Victoria, but judging
by the safety of the dry packing method for such
seeds as those of Nelumbium, Euryale, &c., there
seems no reason why Victoria seeds should not retain
vitality for some time when kept dry. I have had
seeds of the Victoria germinate after having kept
them in a bottle of water for four years, IV, Watson^
A'ciu.
Bees and Monkshood. — Is it usual for bees to
visit this flower ? I was under the impression that
all insects avoided it, but I have lately noticed in a
neighbour's garden (I will not grow any of the
poisonous plant in mine) that several large bushes of
it in full bloom are daily visited by a considerable
number of honey-bees. I have read that all animals
refuse it, and that its foreign names, IVolfrivury
and IVolfsworlcl, as well as the English one of Wolfs-
bane, were applied to it because some wolves in Ger-
many once in a time of great scarcity tore up the
roots and ate them, the entire pack being found dead
on the ground by some hunters. Is the honey likely
to be injured by aconite ? If I had bees I should not
like to see them visit such a deadly poison, and I
often feel astonished that, considering the large quan-
182
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, iS
tity of the Aconitum Napellus cultivated in this
neighbourhood, accidents are not general. A gentle-
man who came down from town this week exclaimed,
on looking into my neighbour's front garden, " More
than enough aconite to poison the entire parish
of Liss I " Rather a dreadful idea, seeing that
those flowers stand close to the footpath where
so many school children pass daily, Helen E.
Watney.
Large Egyptian Melon. — Amongst the various
fruits placed before the distinguished visitors at Good-
wood (including several members of the Royal family)
during the past week was a Melon grown from seed
sent me by General Sir Drury Lowe, and brought by
him from Egypt. The fruit measured 49 inches round
lengthways, and 35 inches in circumference ; weighed
34 lb. 2 oz., and was considered by all who saw it tobe
the largest Melon grown in this country. The flavour
was pronounced excellent, and the fruit altogether was
much admired. I have just cut two more of the same
variety, the two weighing 40 lb. F. Rutland,
Goodwood, Aug. 7. [We do not know of any
record of a heavier fruit having been grown in the
country. Ed.]
FOI^ESTJ^Y,
A School of Forestry. — In the House of
Commons on Thursday, August 2, Sir John Lubbock,
discussing the subject of the Woods and Forests
Vote, asked Her Majesty's Government during the
autumn to consider the question of forest education
in this country, and whether the national forests
might not be utilised for this purpose. So much,
indeed, had forestry been neglected, that in Scotland
the words suggested deer, but no trees ; while the
idea of foresters in England was associated with the
members of an excellent provident institution. Of
course the Crown forests formed but a small portion
of the subject. There were altogether, in round
numbers, 2,500,000 acres of woods and plantations
in this country, so that the subject was one of vast im-
portance. Moreover, it was calculated that in Scotland
and Wales there were 5,000,000 or 6,000,000 acres at
present almost valueless, and which, if judiciously
planted, would give large results. In the science of
forests we were, he feared, far behind most foreign coun-
tries, especially France and Germany : and he was very
anxious that our landed proprietors should benefit by
the experience which other nations had acquired. But
let him ask where was a country gentleman who owned
woodlands to obtain information as to their manage-
ment or to procure trained assistants ? We had no
forest school in this country ; we had no class of
persons specially trained and instructed in the forma-
tion and management of woods. It was, he feared,
still true that, as the House of Commons' committee
of 1854 reported, timber is " everywhere worse
managed than any other species of property." Unless
something were done this state of things would con-
tinue. On the other hand the highest authorities had
expressed a very strong opinion that we might make
our woodlands much more profitable ; they showed
one step which was a necessary preliminary. The
highest English authorities were strongly in favour
of the establishment of a forest school, and had forcibly
pointed out the loss which our present system of manage-
ment,or rather mismanagement, entailed on landowners.
Mr. Brown, in his standard work on forests, observed
that "if our forests had been judiciously managed we
should not find so great a part of the woodlands
of Great Britain in the unprofitable state in which
they are." We were the only important nation in
Europe without a forest school, and yet if we
included our colonies our forests were the largest and
most valuable in the world. It appeared to be a very
strong argument in favour of the establishment of a
forest school in this country, that at present the
young men who were going out to manage our Indian
forests had to be sent for instruction to the great
French forest school at Nancy. No doubt that was
niost excellent institution, and we were indebted to
the French Government for the courtesy with which
they had received our English students ; but the sys-
tem of education given there naturally contained some
branches, as, for instance, the study of French law,
that were not adapted to English students, while there
were many other considerations, such as climate, which
rendered a Continental school less suitable for English
requirements. He might add that no young English-
men, as a matter of fact, went there excepting those
intended for the Indian service. For our colonies,
again, the establishment of a good forest schoool here
would be of very great importance. A judicious
management of their woods would add considerably
to their income. French foresters had recently been
sent to the Cape of Good Hope and Cyprus, it having
been found impossible to obtain any countrymen of
our own with the necessary knowledge. Perhaps,
however, he should be asked why the establishment
of such a forest school, if it were so urgently needed,
should not be left to private enterprise. The reason
was clear. A properly equipped forest school must
have attached to it a large extent of forest in various
stages, and having a variety of climates and soils.
This, it was obvious, no private institution could sup-
ply. He did not, however, say that this would neces-
sarily involve the establishment of a Government
school. He understood that the Government contem-
plated an arrangement with the Cooper's Hill College,
but he trusted that before instituting a Government
school they would inquire whether such colleges as
Cirencester could be made available for the purpose,
and possibly some arrangements might be devised by
which, under careful regulations, the professors and
students attached might periodically visit our national
forests. He might mention, in illustration, that lately
the Cape of Good Hope Government determined to
appoint a Forest Commissioner, with an income of
;^Soo a year. They could not, however, find any
qualified Englishman, and were obliged to appoint a
French gentleman, even though he could not speak
English. The Society of Arts had memorialised Her
Majesty's Government on the subject, and the presence
in this country of Dr. Brandis and Colonel Pearson
rendered the moment one of which it was desirable to
take advantage. He hoped, therefore. Her Majesty's
Government would not think him unreasonable
if he asked them to consider this important
question.
Mr. A. Balfour thought the committee were much
beholden to the hon. baronet for having called atten-
tion to this question. The question of timber all over
the world was one of great importance, for the simple
reason that the natural forests were everywhere dimin-
ished, and that it would be necessary to supplement
them by forests planted by the hand of man. The
Highland Society had done good in Scotland, and in
a report of what it had accomplished the Society said
that it would hail with pleasure the organisation of
a system of instruction for the benefit of this country
and of the colonies. It had encouraged forestry by
the institution of examinations, certificates, and prizes,
but of course its operations were inadequate to meet
the necessities of the case. There was great room
for improvement in the management of the vast
forests in England, and they furnished a field for the
teaching of what could not be acquired from book
knowledge. Ths subject was one well deserving of
attention.
Mr. Courtney acknowledged the value of the sug-
gestions put forward by the hon. baronet, the member
for the University of London. The Treasury, how-
ever, had not seen their way to do anything in the
matter. Indeed, there were great difficulties in the
way of doing anything. It must be borne in mind
that the forests of the country were not very large,
and that there was not that large opening for a school
of forestry which the hon. baronet hoped to set on
foot. The observations of the hon. baronet were not
to be despised, and he might rest assured that the
subject would not be lost sight of.
ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSI-
TION OF VINERY SOILS.*
The subject which I lay before you this evening is
in continuation of my former papers. Previously we
have considered the market garden, and to some
extent the greenhouse, and will now give our attention
to the vinery.
One of your members in conversation mentioned
the difficulties which lay before the Grape grower,
and suggested that the time at my disposal this
season might with advantage be spent on the con-
sideration of the soils most suited to the growth of the
Vine, at the same time showing how these diff'ered,
chemically or otherwise, from soils obtained from
houses the borders in which were acknowledged to be
unsuccessful. I have had placed at my disposal four
samples of soil, and have made very full chemical and
mechanical analyses of these. The first sample is
one from a vinery known to be a failure ; the second
from a most successful border ; and the third and
fourth from old and well-tried sources. The results
are given in Table A. : —
Table A.— Vinery Soils.
I. Analysis of Portion SclnhU in Water.
No. I.
No. 2,
No. 3-
No. 4.
Chlorine (CI)
0.Q2I
0.028
0.019
0.015
Sulphuric anhydride
(■Jo.)
0.05 '.
0.073
O.IS5
0.188
Ferric oxide (Fc,0,) ..
0.139
0.14s
0.127
0.067
Calcic o.\ide (CaO)
0034
0.092
0.065
0.038
Magnesic oxide (MgO) . .
0.029
0.043
0.036
0.049
Potassic oxiie (K,0) ..
0.236
0.432
0.3S4
0.323
Sodic oxide CNa,0)
0.146
0,171
0.142
0.186
Carbonic anhydride (CO a)
0.2S4
0.187
0.166
0.194
Total
0.960
I.i6g
I 064
0.990
II. Analysis of Portion Soluile in
Acids.
No. I.
No. 2.
No. 3,
No. 4.
Ferric oxide (FcaOa) .-
5. 892
10.877
6.742
7-379
Alurainic oxide (AlgOa) .
2.388
3718
2.38S
2.309
Calcic oxide (CaO)
1.552 ' 3854
1-437
1. 961
Magnesic oxide (MgO) . .
0.319 ! 0.416
0.916
0.904
Phosphoric anhydride
(P.OJ
0.204 1 0474
0-333
0-994
Carbonic anhydridde
(COJ
1.408 , 3.009
1-032
1.C59
Total
11.763 1 22.348
Z2.X48
13.606
III Portion Soluble after Treatment "with Dikydrk Sulphate
(Ha SO 4).
No. I.
No. 2.
No-3-
No. 4.
Ferric oxide (Fe.Oj) ..
Aluminic oxide (AlaO.) . .
Calcic oxide (CaO)
Magnesic oxide (MgO) . .
0.639
1.288
0.0; 2
o.oc8
I-7S2
1.692
0.007
0.005
0-733
1,480
0.006
0.C04
0.939
1.969
0006
0.005
Total
1-947
2.456
9.993
3. 912
Vinery So}ls.
No. I.
No. 2.
No. 3.
No. 4.
I. Soluble in ■water ..
0 960 1 1.169
1.064
0.930
II. Soluble in acids ..
11.763 22.348
13.148
13.6C6
III. After H.SO* treat-
ment
1.947 . 2.456
2.223
3.213
*^Organic matter
10.931
13-933
7073
7439
Silica
74-391
60.09 i
77.492
75.823
100 000
100. coo
100,000
100 coo
^ *Ammonia
0.549 0.658
0.401
0.479
Mechanical Analyses.
Vinery Soils.
Bravoa GEMiNiFLORA. — This 13 a beautiful
Amaryllid from Mexico, and the only species of the
genus. In ihe Bola7iicai Afagat:ine, tab. 4741, it is
said to be easily cultivated in a warm greenhouse, but
there can be no doubt that the plant is much more at
home in a cool place or even in the open air. At
Kew in a dry warm border it has stood out without
any protection since the spring of last year, and the
tubular rich orange-red blossoms are now being pro-
duced in abundance.
Coarse sand
Fine sand . .
Clay
Organic matter
No. I.
No. z.
No. 3. 1 No. 4.
22.S64 49.631 35884 38.761
37.562 ; 20.193 28,361 31.594
28.643 ; 16.263 28.682 22.2g6
10.931 i 13.933 ; 7*073 7-439
100.000 ' 100. OCO I ZOO.OOO ICO.OOO
• '" On the Chemical Composition of Vinery Soils, with
Notes on the Best Classes of Soil, and of the Composition of the
Varieties of Manures suited to the Cultivation of the Grape
Vine." By W. Ivison Macadam, F.C.S.. F.I.C, &c , Lecturer
on Chemistry, and Analytical Chemist, Edinburgh. Readbefora
the Scottish Horticultural Associaton, Edinburgh, October,
August ji, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
183
PHELIMINARy EXAMIKATIUN.
Vttttry Soils.
Moisture ..
Organic matter
Mineral matter
No. I.
No. 2.
No. 3.
No. 4.
16.639
9. 1 12
74249
20.241
11.113
68.646
27972
S094
66 924
23.46J
5.694
70843
lOC.OOO
100. Geo
100,000
loo.coo
substances being present in sufficient quantity to grow
the Vine,
I have
samples of i
and which i
borders so i
quantities (
soil into a 1
Preliminary Examination.
Agricultural Satidy Soils,
The figures do not show a very great difference
between Nos. 1 and 2, but the balance of favour lies
with the second. In considering the usefulness or
otherwise of a soil, you require to look not to one or
two of the ingredients necessary to the life of the plant,
but to all, and the absence o( any one of the elements
may determine between fruitfulness and comparative
sterility. The analyses of the ash of the cane and
trunk of the Vme grown in a French vineyard, and
which are given on Table B., show that the plant
requires for its growth large proportions of potassic
oxide, calcic oxide, and phosporic anhydride v/ith
smaller quantities of magnesic oxide, ferric and
aluminic oxides, with the presence of sodic oxide,
sulphuric anhydride, and traces of chlorine.
Table B.— Akalvses or Ash of Vine Canes and Trunk.
(J. L. \V. Tliudicum, M.D., &c.)
Trunk.
Potassic oxide (KjO)
Sodic oxide (NaaO)
Calcic oxide (CaO)
Magnesic o.xide (MgO) ..
Ferric oxide (Fe,Os)
Aluminic oxide (AljO^) ..
Pliosfhoric anhydride {P5O5)
Sulphuric anhydride (SOj)
Chlorine (CI)
Carbonic anhydride {CO3)
Sand
Loss
On now looking at the results of the analyses given
in Table A., it will be seen that the amount of potassic
oxide in No. i soil is very much lower than in the
other three samples. The same remark is true of the
phosphoric anhydride, and to a less degree of the
calcic oxide. The remaining ingredients are present
in all of the soils in quantities sufficient to yield an
excess to the plant, so that no special attention need
be drawn to them. The result, therefore, of these
investigations is to show that No. I soil is deficient in
potassic and calcic oxides and in phosphoric anhy-
dride ; in fact, that the soil requires to have these
ingredients added to it, and this may be most success-
fully done by the use of superphosphate of lime and
sulphate of potash.
In my previous papers I have called attention to
the analyses of greenhouse mould, and I have now
calculated the figures previously given, so that they
may be compared with the vinery soils on Table A,
The results are on Table C.
Table C— Composition of Greenhouse Mould.
I. Soluble in Water.
Chlorine (CI)
Sulphuric anhydride (S0»)
Ferric oxide (FcaOe)
Calcic oxide (CaO) ..
Magnesic oxide (MgO)
Potassic oxide (K3O)
Sodic oxide (Na,0)
Carbonic anhydride (COa)
II. Soluble in Acids.
Ferric oxide (FejOs)
Aluminic oxide (AljOa) . .
Calcic oxide (CaO) . .
Magnesic oxide (MgO)
Phosphoric anhydride (PaO,)
Carbonic anhydride (CO,)
•Organic matter
Sand and silicates . .
*Ammonia
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3.
0 004
0.00 1
O.OI
0.182
0.186
0.28
0.087
0.084
o.og
0.242
0 186
0.3*
0.033
0.028
0.04
0.221
0.1 10
0 13
0.184
0.113
008
O.ZZ4
0.084
0.13
2.148
2.060
9-45
0.842
1.049
1.71
I.C05
0.663
0.77
0.215
0.154
0.11
o.Zzz
0.485
0.62
0.174
0.918
033
13 660
12.493
14 17
80.058
82,iPg
78.72
1 100.000
100 000
ICO 00
0.156
O.IIO
also made comparison analyses of two
f sandy agricultural soils of medium quality,
I show the reason why in constructing Vine
I much trouble is involved and such large
; of manurial agents are requisite to bring the
, fit condition for the growth of the Grape,
Table D.-
-Analvses op Agriculturai- Sandv Soils.
I. Port'oit So'iiblc in Water.
Chlorine(CI)
Sulphuric anhydride (So:,)
Ferric oxide (FcjO,)
Calcic oxide (CaO)
Magnesic oxide (MgO)
Alkalies ■ ..
Carbonic anhydride (COa)
No. I.
0.063
0015
0.057
0.108
0.004
0.027
0.094
No. 2.
0.013
ocoy
0,018
0.-47
0.017
0 052
0.047
0.388
0.203
II. Portion Soluble in Acids.
Ferric oxide (FcjO,)
Aluminic oxide (AljO,) . .
Calcic oxide (CaO)
Magnesic oxide (MgO . .
Phosphoric anhydride (P3O5)
Carbonic anhydride (CO,)
No. I.
3-733
1.708
0.866
0.407
0 361
0.212
1 7.282
No. a.
5.636
0.482
0.743
0.129
02S4
0.1 86
7.460
III. Portion Soluble after Treatment with Dikydrlc Sulphate
(H,SoJ.
Ferric oxide (FcjOj)
Aluminic oxide (AljOg)
Calcic oxide (CaO)
Magnesic oxide (MgO)
2-434
The composition of an ideal soil containing all the
elements necessary for the Vine and in the proportions
best suited to produce the greatest results is shown on
Table E., which gives the analysis of an artificial raix-
ture^made by the chemists Wiegmann and Polstor,
and on which they successfully grew several varieties
of Vines.
Taule E.— Artificial Soil (Wiegmann and PoUtorQ.
Potassic oxide (KjO) 0.0:8
Sodic oxide (Na^O) .. .. .. .. 0.006
Calcic oxide (CaO) 0.632
Magnesic oxide (MgO) .. .." .. .. 0.238
Manganic oxide (MnO) .. .. .. .. 0.250
Ferric oxide (FejO^) ., i.coo
Aluminic oxide (AlaOg) .. ., .. .. 1.034
Chlorine (CI). .. .. .. .. .. o.oc6
Sulphuric anhydride (SO,) 0.089
Phosphoric anhydride (P.jOj) .. .. .. 1.034
Carbonic anhydride (COa) 0.70a
Organic salts of metallic oxides .. .. .. 2.89a
Organic matter (not combined) . . , . . . 5.000
Sand (quartz) 86.ia6
Water of hydration . ,
Analysis of Agricultural Sandy Soils.
No. J.
No. 2.
I. Soluble in water
0.388
0.203
II. Soluble in acids
7.28s
7.430
III. After H,SO, treatment ..
2486
2. 434
Organic matter
5.033
5.181
Silica
84804
84722
100. 000
100.000
Mechanical Analyses,
Agricultural Sandy Soils,
From this table it will be seen that the principal
ingredient wanting is potassic oxide, all the other
Small gravel
Cosrse sand . .
Fine sand . .
Clay..
Organic matter
No. 2.
ir.667
6 730
61.959
14 463
5-i8t
Moisture ..
"Organic matter
Mineral matter
* Ammonia
No. I.
No. 2.
124a
15.46
4.41
4 3'
S3. 17
80. i6
100. CO
ICO.OO
Mr. W. Thomson in his PmctiLal Treatise on the
Grape Vim^ p. 19, gives the details of the method foe
making a successful Vine border. His recipe is : —
Compoit, 10 loatia .. .. .. — 27,4^0 parts
Lime rubbish, 1 toad .. .. .. = 2,240 ,,
Farmyard manure, 1 load .. .. — 2240 ,,
Bones (i inch squire), 4 cvi't. .. — 448 „
Horn shavings, 2 cwt. .. .. — 224 „
27,552 -t
These calculated to percentages will give the fol-
lowing results : —
Compost .. 8t 3 per cent.
Lime rubbish .. 8.1 ,,
Farmyard manure .. .. 8.1 ,,
Bones .. .. .. .. .. 1.6 „
Horn shavings .. .. .. .. 08 ,,
99 9 M
Looking at the composition of the various ingre-
dients in the mixture, and considering each of these
separately, we would obtain the results given below.
Compost. — This body is to be made in proportions
which are so various in their composition that it is
difficult to approximate the percentage of the ingre-
dients. In allowing the presence of one-third per
cent, of phosphoric anhydride (PaOs), one-half per
cent, of potassic oxide (KjO), and one-half per cent,
of ammonia, full justice will be given the mixture.
In the above soil these proportions would yield
0.271 of phosphoric anhydride, 0.406 of potassic
oxide, and 0.406 of ammonia.
Lime Rubbish, containing say 0.25 per cent, o
ammonia, would yield 0,020 ammonia to the soil.
Farmyard Manure. — A good sample of this body
would contain, when fresh, 0.30 per cent, phosphoric
anhydride, 0.52 per cent, of potassic oxide, and 0.54
per cent, of ammonia. The substance, when added
to the extent of 8.1 per cent, of the soil, would give
0.024 phosphoric anhydride, 0.42 of potassic oxide,
and 0.043 of ammonia.
Bones would contain, if of the very best quality,
54 per cent, of calcic phosphate, 0.02 per cent, of
potassic oxide, and 4.50 per cent, of ammonia.
When added to ihe soil according to the formulae
given, the phosphoric anhydride would be equal to
0.393, potassic oxide 0.003, and ammonia 0.072.
Horn Shavings contain about 0.3 per cent, phos-
phoric anhydride, and 16 per cent, of ammonia ; and
these would yield 0.002 phosphoric anhydride and
o, 128 of ammonia.
Tabulating these figures we have the following
percentage results : —
Phosphoric A nhydt ide.
Compost .. .. .. .. ,. 0.371
Farmyard manure .. .. .. 0.024
Bones .. .. .. .. .. 0.393
Horn shavings .. .. .. .. 0.002
Total phosphoric anhydride .. o 590 per cent.
Potassic Oxide.
Compost o. 406
Farmyard manure . . . . . . o 043
Bones 0.003
Total potassic oxide .. o 451 per cent.
Amtnonia.
Compost . . . . o 406
Lime rubbish . . . . . . . . o 020
Farmyard manure 0.043
Bones 0.072
Horn shavings o, 198
Total ammonia e.669 per cent.
Comparing these figures with those obtained from
the vinery soils it is evident that the latter (with the
exception of No. i) do not difl'er greatly from the soil
recommended by one of our most successful growers,
We have been looking only to the chemical pro-
perties, but must not forget the mechanical condition
of the soil. The mere presence of certain bodies in the
soil will not ensure that the crop will be large, for if
these are distributed in a bulk of material, which.
from its mechanical condition, stores them up and
1 84
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, 1883.
refuses to the plant its food — in other words, if the
soil is not so stiff and clayey as to render it difficult
for the root spongioles to penetrate and seize the neces-
sary supplies, the mineral food might almost as well
be absent. On the [other hand, if the soil be too
sandy and open, the necessary watering at the early
part of the season will dissolve the soluble salts, and
by passing them into the drains cause starvation in
the plant. No. i soil was received in a damp con-
dition, and belongs to the stiff clay class. No. 2 is a
fine medium sandy soil. Nos. 2 and 3, although they
contain large proportions of clay, are open and
altogether unlike No. I.
Dr. Thudicum, in his Origin, Nature, and Ust of
Wine, draws attention to the fact that "the most
luxuriant growth of the Vine and its richest bearing
power are met with in the paludal districts of the
Gironde," and shows that this is due to the Vine
requiring " for its upper and main roots a territory
which must not be clogged with water, but be per-
vious to it, and admit air at frequent intervals. But
at the same time it requires a constant supply of
water within easy reach of the roots. It, therefore,
lives best on ground which, although not itself soaked
with water, can constantly attract it from the subsoil
by means of the capillary attraction due to porosity."
A soil, therefore, similar to No. I is not suitable for
the growth of the Vine ; first, because it will not
allow of water finding its way upwards from the sub-
soil ; secondly, because it will not allow of the excess
of water passing through it to the drains ; and,
thirdly, because it does not allow of the atmospheric
air passing through or into it.
The geological formation on which a vinery stands
is most important, as upon that depends very greatly
the preliminary operations and additions necessary to
ensure success. The carboniferous sandstone, old and
new red, oolitic and chalk formations form congenial
soils which can readily be worked up. The boulder
clay is most successful, but requires in many cases,
where stiff, much preliminary handling. Too much
care cannot be taken to have thorough and efficient
drainage. This must not, however, be got by a large
admixture of sand, but should rather be obtained by
burning clay, when an open semi-porous mass is
obtained, with the potash salts rendered more avail-
able to the plant root. Another great advantage is
that the excess of animal life, as also the dangerous
plant life, more especially fungoid growths, are
destroyed by the heat, and thus one great pest of
Vine life reduced to a minimum.
No 2 soil deserves notice from its peculiar position.
The vinery is situated on the slope of a hill, which at
that part consists of trap rock. The soil is laid
directly on^the rock, which comes so close to the
surface that the site for the vinery required to be
blasted out, and the stokehole could only be drained
by similar means. Yet the house has been eminently
successful, and the reason does not seem far to seek.
The drainage water finds its way by natural gravita-
tion downwards, leaving the soil always friable and
open. At the same time the position of the houses
on the side of a hill insures a supply of water from
the upper portions, but which only reaches the Vine
roots growing close to the rock. Another cause is
the open nature of the soil. The mechanical analysis
shows the presence of 49.631 per cent, of coarse sand,
20.193 P^"^ cent, of fine sand, and 16.263 psr cent, of
clay. These ingredients should be more correctly
given as " trap particles," for they are made up of
finer and coarser portions of disintegrated rock. The
potash salt is mostly derived from the natural soil.
Whilst this house is at present extremely fruitful it
will be very necessary to carefully feed the plants so
as to retain it in its present condition. It differs
from sandy agricultural soils in open borders by the
moisture being obtained by capillary attraction from
below, and carrying with it the soluble ingredients
from the soil of the upper part of the hill. At the
same time the upward movement of the water will
tend to carry with it the soluble salts of the Vine soil,
which with ordinary drainage would be lost.
The position of this house on the rock, with little
if any natural soil, seems to be one of the best suited
to Grape culture. On the Continent some of the
most successful vineyards are those at high elevations
— perched on a ledge of rock on a hillside, with so
little natural soil that what the plant requires must be
carried from the plains below, and many times after-
wards retained in its place by basket-work, yet with
all these seeming disadvantages yielding a crop many
of our gardeners would envy. In such cases little or
no manure is given, for the natural denudation caused
by rain is such as to compel regular supplies of fresh
soil obtained from the alluvial plains. These soils are
mostly from volcanic districts, and contain much
potash in combination. Not unfrequently the hills
themselves are extinct volcanos. In planting a vinery
on the side of a trap hill, and with alluvial soil from
the district, we are simply taking advantage of Conti-
nental experience, and provided the house have a
proper exposure to the sun, the results must be
successful.
All the authorities I have consulted advocate the
manuring of the borders during autumn as being the
time calculated to yield the greatest results. The
manures differ much. Drs. Thudicum and Dupr^
advocate the employment of farmyard manure, and
draw attention to the farms attached to some of the
Continental vineyards, and which are specially kept
up for the purpose of supplyin'g the manure necessary.
M. Ville, in his excellent Treatise on Artificial
Mamins, recommends two manures which he has
found successful in his experiments on the Vine, and
which are composed according to the following
recipes : —
Calcic superphosphata
Nitrate of potash
Nitrate of soda ..
Calcic sulphate „
528
44°
No.
35a
J 76
396
220
1. 144
Difficulty will be experienced in compounding these
mixtures, as nitrate of potash is both costly and diffi-
cult to obtain, whilst its place cannot be taken by
any single salt.
T/wvtson's Vine Manure.
Potasstc oxide (KgO) .. .. .. .. 1.144
Calcic oxide (CaO) . . .. 18.926
Phosphoric anhydride (PjOs) .. .. .. 29.144
Carbonic anhydride (CO,) .. .. .. 2.165
Sulphuric anhydride (SOj) 6.902
Sodic oxide (NajO) i.goi
Sihca .. .. ,. .. 7.640
Moisture .. .. .. 9480
* "Organic matter, &c. .. 22.698
100.000
*''Yielding ammonia . . . . 4.41
Very good results have been obtained by Mr. Mal-
colm Dunn, of Dalkeith, from the use of a manure
manufactured from a formulje of my own. Besides
Mr. Dunn several other members of this Association
have also tried the compound, and it has given satis-
faction to all. Since last session I have changed the
manure slightly, adding one more element and
arranging the proportions of the other bodies to corre-
spond. This compound has been in Mr. Dunn's
hands during the past season, and has proved itself
superior to the old mixture. It has also been employed
under my own supervision on Vines and general
greenhouse plants, such as Pelargoniums, Fuchsias,
Carnations, Camellias, &c., and has yielded splendid
results. My own greenhouse plants have been in full
flower all the season, and are now showing good
heads. The Camellias are especially well budded.
In applying these concentrated manures it is advis-
able to give a dressing during autumn, and after the
buds begin to swell a regular small dose once a week,
this latter being simply sprinkled over the surface of
the soil. M. Ville says that the absence of any one
of the indispensable elements of a plant food lays the
plant open to be attacked by disease, and instances
his experiments on the non-presence of potash salts
on the Vines, &c. The leaves of the plants did not
attain full development, whilst the stems were not
one-fourth the size they should have been. By July
the leaves became red, spotted with black, and then
dried up so as to be easily pulverised in the fingers.
What is true of potash salts is equally true of the
other mineral ingredients. The stem cannot thrive
without calcium salts, or the fruit without phosphates,
and the sap must contain nitrogen, as a life-giving
property.
Impatiens Sultani as a Bedding Plant. —
If plants of this handsome Balsam were carefully
grown in a cool-house, and well hardened off before
being bedded-out, there seems but little doubt that
they would be a success in many places, particularly
in tolerably dry and warm situations in the South. At
Kew several plants — by no means well prepared
beforehand — have grown well and flowered freely in
a dry border near a dwelling-house.
Liverpool Horticultural Association. — The
fifth annual summer show of the above Society was held
in Selton Park on the 4th and 6th inst., the entries
being numerous in nearly all the classes — a sufficient
number of plants, flowers, fruit, &c., being brought
together to fill three large tents, and a most creditable
exhibition was the result. The excellence of the stove
and greenhouse plants was above the average, especially
at such a late season. Orchids, as was to be expected,
were but poorly represented, only two classes being
provided in the schedule, and in them even there was
but a small amount of competition. Cut flowers were a
very meritorious feature, especially the hardy herbaceous
flowers, and flower show committees would do well to
encourage much more liberally than they do at present
such exhibits. Fruit and vegetables formed a very
material portion of the show, the e-xcellence of the former
in particular being beyond question. The Grapes,
although not represented by any very heavy bunches,
were of excellent form and colour, and did great credit
to the growers. Without entering into all the details
of the prize list we give below a brief account of the
more important prize takers.
Stove and Greenhouse Plants.— Twelve foliage
and flowering plants (open), six of each. — ist, C. W.
Neumann, Esq., Wyncote, Allerton, Liverpool (gr.,
Mr. W. Mees), with splendid examples of Erica retorta
major, Vinca oculata, Clerodendron Balfourianum, Bou-
gainvillea glabra, AUamanda grandiflora, and Statice
profusa — flowering ; and Latania borbonica, Croton
Queen Victoria, C. variegatus, C. Weismanni, Gleich-
enia Mendelli and Areca lutescens — foliage ; the
Crotons were remarkable specimens. 2d, Mr. James
Cypher, nurseryman, Cheltenham ; 3d, H. Timmis.
Esq., Holmleigh, Aigburth (gr., Mr. G. Leadbeater),
whose exhibit was very good and very close upon
the 2d. Ten foliage and flowering plants (local),
— ist, T. Moss, Esq., Aigburth (gr., Mr. B.
Cromwell), mth Kentia Fosteriana, Anthurium crys-
tallinum, Croton Weismanni, Alocasia metallica, An-
thurium Scherzerianum, Bouvardia Vreelandi, Erica
Irbyana, Clerodendron Balfourianum, Thrinax excelsa,
and Erica asmula ; 2d, W. H. Watts, Esq. , Waver-
tree (gr., Mr. A. C. Cox), also with an excellent lot.
Six plants in flower (open). — ist, C. W. Neumann,
Esq. , with fine examples of Statice Butcherii, Stephanotis
floribunda, AUamanda Henderson!, A. nobilis. Erica
Ne Plus Ultra, and Bougainvillea glabra ; 2d, Mr. J.
Cypher, Cheltenham. Four plants in flower. — ist,
T. Moss, Esq.; 2d, Mrs. Horsfall, Grassendale, both
staging excellent plants. One stove plant in flower, for
which there were less than five entries. — ist, H. Timmis,
Esq., with a fine specimen of Dipladenia Brearleyana ;
2d, C. W. Neumann, Esq., with AUamanda Hendersoni ;
3d, F. H. Gossage, Esq. One greenhouse plant in
flower.— ist, James Cunningham, Esq., Mossley Hall,
with a grand plant of Kalosanthes coccinea ; 2d, E.
Lawrence, Esq., Aigburth, with Lapageria alba ; 3d,
H. Timmis, Esq., with Statice profusa.
Si.x5 fine-loliage plants.— ist, C. W. Neumann, Esq.,
with Croton Disraeli, C. Williamsi, C. Prince of Wales,
Thrinax elegans, Alocasia metallica, and A. macrorhiza
variegata— an excellent lot ; 2d, F. H. Gossage, Esq.,
Woolton, Liverpool (gr. Mr. J. Jellica). One Palm or
Cycad, in which there were not less than nine entries. —
1st, J. T. Cross, Esq., Aigburth, with a fine specimen of
Kentia australis ; 2d, W. B. Bowring, Esq., Aigburth,
with a well furnished plant of Phoenix rupicola ; 3d, W.
Rutter, Esq., Aigburth, with Areca Baueri (named A.
aurea).
Ferns were well shown. In the class for eight exotic
species there were two entries, the ist prize falling to
T. Moss, Esq., Aigburth (gr. Mr. B. Cromwell), with
very fine examples of Adiantum Farleyense, A. Veitchi,
Pteris scaberula, Gleichenia flabellata, Nephrolepis
davallioides furcans, Alsophila e.\celsa, Asplenium Nidus^
and Lomaria zamiasfolia ; 2d, Mrs. Horsfall, Grassendale,
Six exotic Ferns, distinct.— ist, W. Rathbone, Esq.,
M.P., Wavertree. Liverpool, with Davallia Mooreana,
Alsophila sp., A. excelsa, Cibotium Schiedei, Dicksonia
antarctica, and Adiantum cuneatum ; 2d, W. H. Watts,
Esq., Wavertree ; 3d, W. B. Bowring, Esq., Aigburth.
One tree Fern.- ist, Mrs. Alison Johnson, with a good
specimen of Dicksonia antarctica. One exotic Fern. —
ist, J. T. Cross, Esq., Aigburth, with a very large
Goniophlebium subauriculatum ; 2d, T. Moss, Esq.;
3d, W. Burnyeat, Esq., with a very handsome specimen
of Gleichenia glanca. For six hardy Ferns, E. Lawrence,
Esq., Aigburth ; Mrs. Alison Johnson, and T. Moss,
Esq., were ist, 2d, and 2d, respectively, the former
staging a beautiful collection, consisting of Onoclea sensi'
bills, Athyrium Filix-fcemina cristatum, corymbiferum
and Fieldite, Osmunda regalis cristata, and Polystichum
proliferum. For six pans of Lycopods, W. B.Browning,
Esq. , was 1st, his being the only lot staged.
Orchids were but sparingly represented. In the class
for four exotic Orchids in bloom only two competed — ist.
Dr. S. Wad<in, Rodney Street, Liverpool, with Sacco-
labium Blumei majus, Cattleya Mossias, Aerides suavis-
sima, and Odontoglossum Alexandras ; 2d, J. Reynolds,
Esq., West Derby, Liverpool (gr., J. Wilson), with Disa
grandiflora, Cattleya crispa, Miltonia spectabilis, and
Odontoglossum phalaenopsis. One Orchid in bloom, in
which there were seven competitors. — ist, C. W. Neu-
mann, Esq., with a good plant of Saccolabium Blumei
majus ; 2d, Mrs. Alison Johnson, with a very nice piece
of CatUeya Leopoldi ; 3d. J. M. Heap, Esq., with
Saccolabium Blumei.
August ii, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
'85
Ericas occupied two separate classes. For four dis-
tinct varieties (open), only Mr. James Cypher, of Chel-
tenham, entered, staging well grown specimens, including
E. semula and E. tricolor profusa. Three greenhouse
Ericas. — C, W. Neumann, Esq., was ist, and T. Moss,
Esq., 2d, the former staging very handsome specimens
of E. metulicflora, E. insignis. and E. ^'mula.
Fuchsias were represented by very poor specimens.
For six distinct varieties the ist prize was withheld ; 2d,
T. C. Ryler, Esq. Three Fuchsias. — ist, W. B. Bow-
ring, Esq.
Zonal Pelargoniums were well shown. In the class for
six varieties there were four competitors— ist, Mrs.
Horsfall : 2d. J. T. Cross, Esq. ; 3d. W. B. Bowring,
Esq.— all stagmg good plants and varieties. Six zonals,
pyramids, — ist. ]. T. Cross, Esq., with excellent
examples ; 2d, Mrs. Lockett. Grassendale House. Three
zonals. — ist, |. T. Cross, Esq., with well-grown even
specimens.
Tuberous Begonias formed a conspicuous feature.
Six distinct varieties (open). — 1st, W. B. Bowring. Esq.,
with Emperor, Souvenir de Ouwelde, Souvenird'un Ami,
Lady Hume Campbell, Crimson Gem, and Paul Musurel.
Three varieties, distinct. — ist, C. W. Neumann, Esq,
with Vesuvius, Empress, and Lady H. Campbell ;
2d. Mrs. I.,ockett ; 3d, E. Lawrence, Esq. For one
tuberous Begonii the ist prize again fell to C. W.
Neumann, Esq. Special prizes for nine varieties,
offered by Messrs. J. Laing & Co., Forest Hill, brought
three compi'titors : ist, W. B. Bowring, Esq. ; 2d, Mrs.
Horsfall ; 3d, Mrs. Lockett— all staging excellent collec-
tions, the plants belonging to the ist being especially
well grown and Howered. Gloxinias were also a very
pleasing feature, several meritorious groups being staged.
Six plants. — ist. J. Cunningham, Esq., with six excellent
seedlings ; 2d, C. W. Neumann, Esq. ; 3d, Mrs. Watts,
Aigburth.
in the class for four pans of Achimenes C. W. Neu-
mann, Esq., took the premier place, with very fine pans
of longiflora major. Admiration, Celestial, Frau Brunan,
coccinea grandidora, and Mauve Perfection. Cockscombs
were well shown, H.Tinimis. Esq.. securing the istplace,
with well grown plants; 2d, Mrs. Watts; 3d. J. Cun-
ningham. Esq. Two clasies were provided for Petunias
for single and double varieties. Six single varieties. — ■
ist. W, B. Bowring. Esq. ; 2d, J. Lewis, Esq., Aigburth.
Six double varieties. — ist, Mrs. Horsfall; 2d. J. Lewis,
Esq. In the class for six Caladiums there were three
competitors, the premier position tailing to C. W. Neu-
mann, Esq., with fine examples of Auguste Lemoine,
Belleymei, bicolor magnifica, Chantini, Prince Albert
Edward, and Meyerbeer ; 2d, Tyndall Bright, Esq ,
Aigburth ; 3d, Mrs. Horsfall.
Miscellaneous groups arranged for effect, with plants
in or out of flower, not exceeding 150 square feet. — ist,
C. W. Neumann, Esq.. with a very tastefully arranged
group, consisting of Ferns, Palms. Drac^nas, Crotons.
&c., nicely lit up with Rhodanthes. Francoas, &c., the
margin fringed with dwarf Campanulas, Selaginellas,
&c,, the whole presenting a very elegant and graceful
appearance, highly deserving the honour conferred upon
it; 2d, W. H. Watts, Esq., Wavertree— Campanula
pyramidalis was fittingly employed in this group : 3d, H.
Timmis, Esq., whose group was also very commendable,
reflecting great credit upon Mr. G. Leadbeater, his excel-
lent gardener. In the class for a circular group, occupy-
ing a space not exceeding 250 feet, Messrs. R. P. Ker
& Sons were the only exhibitors, their group well repre-
senting the high-class work of that firm ; a large number
of choice plants were most tastefully arranged, far too
numerous to notice.
For the best collection of hardy shrubs and trees the
Society's gold medal was offered ; Messrs. James
Dickson & Sons, Newton jNurseries, Chester, were the
only exhibitors, and, as might be expected, with their
vast resources, a magnificent collection was effectively
arranged, consisting of choice Conifers. Euonymuses,
Hydrangeas, Olearia Haastii, Japanese Maples, in splendid
varieties ; Acer Negundo vanegata, &c., the whole form-
ing a grand exhibit, well deserving the award given.
Cut Flowers. — Roses, forty-eight varieties (open).
— ist, Messrs. Perkins & Son, Coventry, with excellent
flowers well arranged; 2d, Messrs. R. Mack & Co.,
Catterick Bridge, Yorkshire ; 3d. Messrs. Cranston &
Co., Hereford. Twelve vars. (open) — ist, Messrs. Cranston
& Co. ; 2d, T. B. Hall, Esq.. Rock Ferry ; 3d, E. Clax-
ton, Esq., Allerton. Twenty-four vars. (local). — T. B.
Hall, Esq., with first-class blooms in every respect.
Twelve blooms, one var.. dark. — ist, Messrs. James
Dickson & Son, Newton Nurseries. Chester, with
splendid examples of Alfred Colomb. without doubt the
finest Roses in the show ; 2d. Messrs. R. Mack &: Co.
Twelve blooms, one var., light. — ist, Messrs. James
Dickson & Son, Chester, with excellent blooms of
Comtesse de Serenye ; 2d, Messrs. Mack & Co., with the
same vaiiety. Class 47 : The best and most tastefully
arranged box of Roses. — ist, E. Claxton. Esq.. Allerton.
who showed a very handsome box, mostly Teas, happily
arranged with Fern ; 2d, A. Tate. Esq.. Woolton, a
very handsome lot ; 3d, T. B. Hall, Esq. Prizes for
this series were offered by Messrs. Cranston & Co.,
Hereford. Stove and greenhouse cut fiowers. — ist, C. W.
Neumann, Esq., with most charming boxes, conspicuous
amongst them being bunches of Disa grandiflora,
Lapageriaalba, Miltonia spectabilis, Dipladenia amabilis,
AUamanda grandiflora, Cattleya crispa, &c.
Hardy Herbaceous Flowers, twenty-four vars.
(open). — ist, C. W. Neumann, Esq., with gorgeous trays,
including Gladiolus brenchleyensis, G. Colvillea alba
(The Bride), G.iillardla hybrida splendida, Liliuni aura-
tum. Dianthus hybridus Napoleon III.,&c.; 2d. Enoch
Harvey, Esq., Aigburth. Twelve vars. — ist, A. Tate.
Esq., whose collection was also very attractive, including
Ljliupa testaceum. Campanula Henderson!, Gladiolus
The Bride, &c. ; 2d, J. Lewis, Esq. ; 3d. W. H. Watts.
Esq. Hand bouquets, two (open). — ist. Mr. ]ames
Cypher. Clieltunhani. with excellent specimens. Twenty-
four Pansies. — ist. C. W. Neumann. Esq. ; 2d, J. Lewis,
Esq. Eighteen Carnations and Picotees. — isl, T. Har-
greaves, Esq.. Rock Ferry ; 2d, C. W. Neumann. Esq. ;
3d, |. Lewis. Esq. The premier collection contained
excellent flowers of Clipper. John Kcet, Mary Ann,
Charles Turner. John Ball, and other leading kinds.
Fruit and VEOETAnLES.— These were quite an exhi-
bition in themselves, but space will only allow mention
being made of the primary exhibits. Eight dishes of
fruit, distinct (open). — ist, the Duke of St. Albans, Best-
wood Lodge, Nottingham, gr. . Mr. Edmonds, with ex-
cellent examples of Filack Hamburgh and Muscat of Alex-
andria Grapes, Peach Chancellor, Nectarine Violette
Hiitive, Fig White -Marseilles. Melon Best of All, Morello
Cherry, and Queen Pine ; 2d, Earl of Harrington, Elvas-
ton Castle. Derby (gr. Mr. J. H. Goodacre) ; 3d, T. H.
Cakes, Esq., AUreton, Derbyshire. An extra prize was
given to T. H. Sykes. Esq., Cheadle. Four bunches of
Grapes, two black and two white. — ist, T. H. Oakes,
Esq., Alfrcton. Derbyshire (gr. Mr. J. Ward), with excel-
lent bunches of Black Hamburgh and Madresfield Court
Muscat. There were six other entries in this class, of
excellent form and colour. Two bunches Grapes, Black
Hamburgh (open). — ^ist, Mr. Alderman Raynes, Rock
Ferry (gr. Mr. J. Barker), with very fine bunches : 2d,
H. Cunningham, h-sq.. Gateacre ; beside which there
were not less than ten other competitors. One dish of
six Peaches (open). — W. G. Holland, Esq , New
Brighton (gr. Mr. J. Dilworth), ist, with a grand dish of
Bellegarde ; 2d, A. R. Gladstone. Esq., Broad Green,
with the same variety; 3d. Sir Thomas Earle. Bart.,
Allerton Towers. Seven other entries. One Melon.—
ist, R. C. Naylor. Esq., Hooton Hall. Cheshire, with
Best of All ; 2d. Lieut. -Colonel Wilson, St. Michael's
Hamlet, with Dell's Hybrid. Vegetables : Collection of
twelve varieties (open). — ist. Mr..]. Richardson, Boston,
Lincolnshire ; 2d, Colonel Wingfield, Onslow. Shrews-
bury ; 3d. C. W. Neumann, Esq. Six dishes of Peas,
thirty-six pods, distinct (open). — ist. L. T. Turner,
Esq.. Woodslea. Bromborough, Cheshire; 2d, C. W.
Neumann, Esq. ; 3d. Colonel Wingfield, Shrewsbury.
Six dishes of Potatos. three round and three kidneys
(open). — ist. Colonel Wingfield, Shrewsbury, with ex-
cellent dishes of Blanchard. Beauty of Hebron. Covent
Garden Perfection, International, Porter's Excelsior,
and Schoolmaster. 2d, C. W. Neumann. Esq. ; 3d. J.
Richardson, Esq., Boston, Lincolnshire. Three dishes
of Tomatos (open).— ist, Earl of F.llesmere. Worsley
Hall, with Dedham Favourite, Stamtordiana and Orange-
field ; 2d, W. Chambers. Esq.. The Grange, Wallasey;
3d. W. Burnyeat, Heyton.
Kliscellaneous exhibits, not for competition — Messrs.
R. P. Ker & Son. Aigburth Nurseries, Liverpool, staged
a very excellent lot of choice stove and greenhouse
plants, noticeable among which were Ficus elastica
alba variegata. a highly decorative and prettily varie-
gated plant, and to which the judges rightly awarded a
First-class Certificate. The handsome Adiantum Pacottei
and Davallia fijiensis, were noticeable among Ferns,
and the very rare Palm, Pritchardia Vuylstekeana.
Messrs. J. Laing & Co. exhibited their excellent strain
of Tuberous Begonias. The Liverpool Horticultural Co.
exhibited a group of Roses in bloom, and a large collec-
tion of other useful plants. Messrs. F. & A. Dickson &
Son. Upton Nurseries, Chester, staged a very attractive
collection of stove and greenhouse plants, the Dracaenas,
Crotons. &c. , being particularly well grown and coloured,
while a series of table plants were all that could be
desired for the purpose, including Calamus ciliaris, an
excellent Palm in a young state, for the purpose ;
Aralia Veitchii. Crotons, &c. ; and last, but by no means
least, the excellent group of Ferns staged by the ex-
cellent Secretary of the Society, Mr. J. Gore, for which a
special prize was awarded. We can only wish the com-
mittee every success in their labour of love, and judging
from the number of visitors we trust the balance will be
in their favour. Visitor.
Northamptonshire Horticultural : Aug. 6and'j.
— This, the second annual shows^f the Society, was held
in Delapre Park, Northampton, the residence of the
President tor the year, J, A. S. Bouverie. Esq. On this
occasion there was a good display of plants. In the
open class for stove and greenhouse plants, six in bloom,
and six fine-foliaged, Mr. Day, gr. to A. Seymour. Esq.,
Norton Hall, was ist, with a healthy well-grown lot.
amongst which Ixora Dixiana, Statice profusa. Clero-
dendron Balfourianum. and AUamanda Hendersoni,
were very well flowered. Messrs. Ball & Co., Bedford
Road Nursery, who were 2d, hkewise staged a well-grown
collection, the best of which were Stephanotis floribunda
and Anthurium Scherzerianum ; 3d. Mr. Farr, gr. to Sir
R. Knightley. Fawsley Park. For a group of miscel-
laneous plants suitable for conservatory decoration, con-
fined to a hmited space. Mr. Miller, gr. to R. Loder,
Esq,, was ist. with a nicely arranged collection in
which both the flowering and fine-leaved plants
were suitable for the purpose ; 2d, Mr. Thomas,
gr. to Lord Overstone ; 3d, Messrs. Ball & Co.
Of fine-leaved plants there was a good display. Here
again Mr. Day came in ist. his best examples being
Areca Baueri and Gleichenia Speluncss ; Mr. Farr was
2d. Ferns were nicely shown by Mr. Miller and Mr.
Holland, who were equal ist, both staging well-grown
specimens.
In the class for ten stove and greehouse flowering and
ornamental foliage plants, confined to genUemen's gar-
deners in the county of Northampton, Mr. Day took the
lead witii a handsome group containing the pretty white-
flowered Erica jasminiflora. AUamanda Hendersoni. and
Ixora Regin.i. Mr. Holland, who was a close 2d, had
Erica Marnockiana and Rondeletia speciosa in nice
order. Six stove and greenhouse plants, three in flower
and three fine-lcavcd. — ist, Mr. Thomas, in whose col-
lection was a remarkable plant of Stanhopca insignis,
bearing some twenty spikes of flower, open, or on the
point of opening, with others coming on. At a time
when these most singular old-fashioned Orchids are little
grown, it is a pleasure to see such a well-managed example
as this. Mr. P'arr, who ran the winning group very close,
had in an even lot a dense, well-coloured example of
Croton Weismanni. In the class for six Ferns, confined
to the county, Mr. Holland was ist. For six Begonias,
Mr. Day w.as ist, with medium-sized, nicely-flowered
plants ; and for six Colcus, Mr. Day again catne to the
front with a highly coloured half-dozen. In the class
for six Fuchsias Mr. Garfirth came in ist with moderate-
sized plants, nicely flowered, and grown in the form this
fine old decorative plant should be. with no further
training than a single stick to support the leading stem,
leaving the side branches, which were dense and full,
drooping in a mass over the sides of the pots. For
plants grown in suspended baskets Mr. Thomas took ist
honours with Stanhopea insignis. Of zonal Pelargo-
niums, Achimenes, F^etunias. and others of like character,
there was a moderate display. Table plants shown in
collections of twenty-four were collectively not well
adapted for the purpose, the kinds chosen being too
heavy.
Cut Flowers. — Of Roses there was a limited com-
petition. Collections of cut flowers in twenty-four varie-
ties were shown by several exhibitors, Messrs. Ball & Co,
taking the ist prize in one class, Mr. Thomas, Mr. Hol-
land, and Mr. Garfirth receiving the prizes in the order
of their names in another.
Fkuit. — In the class for nine dishes. Pines excluded,
Mr. Day look the lead, his best dishes being Black Ham-
burgh and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Peaches. Nec-
tarines, and Figs. With six dishes. Pines excluded, Mr,
Thomas was ist. Mr. Farr 2d. Three bunches of black
Grapes. — ist, Mr. Miller, with Black Hamburghs nicely
coloured. Three bunches of white Grapes. — With these
Mr. Day took the lead, staging Foster's Seedhng. very
well done, good bunches, well coloured. Mr. Thomas,
who was 2d, likewise showed Foster's Seedling. Mr,
Miller was isl for a very fine dish of Peaches, Mr. J, R.
Lock being 2d. With Nectarines Mr. Day was ist.
Vegetables were present in great force and excellent
condition, both the large and also the smaller collections.
With fifteen dishes Mr. F. S. Ingram was ist, Mr.
Day 2d. Eight dishes.— ist, Mr. S. Allen ; 2d, Mr.
Thomas.
Messrs. John Perkins & Son, Billing Road Nursery,
filled a good-sized tent with a large and beautifully grown
collection of miscellaneous stove and greenhouse plants,
consisting of Eucharis amazonica. Pelargoniums, zonal
and Ivy-leaved varieties, associated with Palms. Crotons,
Perns, Caladiums, and others of like character. From
Messrs. Ball & Co. came a nice group of flowering and
fine-leaved plants of a decorative character.
The exhibition collectively was a large one, comprising
some 125 classes, including cottagers', who came out in
force with vegetables, window plants, outdoor flowers,
hardy fruit, and wild flowers. There was also an exhi-
bition of seedling Potatos, about which, so far as either
the quantity or the appearance of the varieties shown,
little comment is required.
BuckinghamFloraland Horticultural :7'«/j3i.
— This was the fifty-seventh annual exhibition of what
is probably one of the oldest societies in the United
Kingdom, and the site of the show was. as usual, in the
grounds of G. R. Ellis, Esq., quite in the heart of the
town, and access to which is had from the market place.
It was one of the best e.xhibitions the Society has ever
held, but the enjoyment of it was sadly marred by a
deluge of rain, which fell soon after the grounds were
open to the public.
A few classes — about sixteen in number — are open to
all comers, and as the prizes are pretty good for a pro-
vincial show some good contributions were forthcoming.
The leading class was for twelve ornamental foliage-
plants, and here Mr. Miller, gr. to R. Loder, *Esq.,
Whittlebury, was ist. with a very good lot. comprising
Croton interruptus, C. angustifolius, Acalypha mnsaica,
finely grown and coloured ; Pandanus utilis, Phyllan-
thus roseo-pictus, very good ; Cycas revoluta, Latania
borbonica. &c. 2d, Mr. Haskins, gr. to His Grace the
Duke of Buckingham, Stowe, who had good examples of
Alocasia metalhca, Pandanus Veitchii, Caladium Lowi,
a fine Screw Pine, Croion variegatus. &c. The best
six plants came from Mr. W. H. Small, gr. to A. Byass,
Esq., Buckingham, whose best specimens were Latania
borbonica, Croton Weismanni, and C. variegatus. Mr.
Small also had the best six Ferns, having capital plants
of Neotopteris Nidus, Adiantum Farleyense, A. cune-
atum, and Lygodium scandens. Strange to say, though
good prizes were offered for six greenhouse plants in
bloom, not a single collection was forthcoming.
The best specimen foliage plant was Chamaerops For-
tune! from Mr. Small, Mr. Miller being 2d with Alsophila
excelsa : but in the class for a specimen flowering plant
Mr. Miller had a capital plants of AUamanda Schottii,
Mr. Small coming next with a well-grown Begonia.
Tuberous-rooted Begonias here, as elsewhere, are find-
ing great favour, and Mr. Small was placed 1st with a
very good half-dozen in competition for the special prizes
ofl"ered by Messrs. J. Laing & Co. Other flowering
plants comprised Fuchsias, Pelargoniums, Balsams,
Petunias, &c.. on the whole fairiy well grown.
Groups of plants arranged for effect were a good
feature, and Mr. Haskins showed the possession of
excellent taste by setting up a very creditable group
1 86
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ii, 1883,
admirably displayed ; the 2d prize went to Mr. J. De
Fraine, nurseryman, Aylesbury. From Claydon House,
the residence of Sir Harry Verney, Bart, M. P., came a
very good coltection of miscellaneous plants, consisting
of Dracaenas, Crotons, Ferns, flowering plants, &c., that
was highly commended.
Table decorations are always an attractive feature at
Buckingham. On this occasion Mr. J. Prewett, florist,
Hammersmith, was ist, with three pieces of a very
meritorious character ; Mr, Haskins being 2d, and Mr.
W. J. Prewett, Banbury, 3d. The former had the best
bouquet, Mr. Haskins being again 2d ; and the same
order was maintained with six button-holes — and very
nice they were.
Cut flowers were numerous, and in the Rose classes
there were some excellent flowers. Mr. John Mallock,
florist, Oxford, had the best twenty-four varieties, three
blooms of each, staging superb examples of Marie Bau-
mann. La France, Dupuy jamain, Louis Van Houtte,
Alfred Colomb, Charles Lefebvre, Marie Van Houtte,
Rubens, Etienne Level, Duke of Edinburgh, Comtesse
de Sereneyi, A. K. Williams, Beauty of Wallham, &c.
In addition this exhibitor staged four boxes of charming
Tea and Noisette Roses, including Madame Lambard,
Marie Van Houtte, Jean Fernet, Comtesse de Nadaillac,
Anna Olivier, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Perle des
Jardins, and others. The same exhibitor also staged the
nest twelve cut blooms. Boxes of twelve bunches of cut
flowers were finely shown by Messrs J. Prewett and
Haskins ; and the first-named exhibitor had the premier
box in another class also, Mr. S. Bloxham, gr. to the
Hon. P. Barrington, being 2d. There were many other
classes for cut flowers, but they contained nothing
worthy of special mention.
Some very good fruit was shown. Mr. Bloxham had
the best eight dishes, staging Black Hamburgh and Mus-
cat of Alexandria Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, Melon,
&c. ; Col. the Hon. J. Drummond, Nantwich, was 2d.
Mr. Bloxham had the best two bunches of black Grapes,
staging well-finished Hamburgh ; Mr. Miller being 2d.
In the white class Mr. T. P. Willis, of Winslow, had two
very good bunches of Foster's Seedling ; Mr. J. Richard-
son, Brockley, being 2d with the same variety. Peaches
were very good, and all hardy fruits, excepiing Apples
and Pears, which appear to be unusually late this season,
were very fine.
In all the departments vegetables were superb, the
Potatos numerous and very fine. In not a few cases the
vegetables shown by cottagers were equal to those pro-
duced by gardeners. The soil about Buckingham
appears to be particularly favourable to the production
of fine vegetables. In all the Potato classes International
Kidney was to the fore ; while the new red kidney, Mr.
Bresee, was in excellent form. Onions, Carrots, Peas,
Lettuce, Beans, and all the leading vegetables were not
only very fine but remarkably numerous. In the cot-
tagers' tent were some capital collections of wild flowers,
named with great care and correctness ; and it is said
there is a rich collection of wild flowers about Bucking-
ham, and some excellent botanists in the villages.
Warwick Amateurs' and Cottagers' Soeiety :
Aiig. I. — When it is stated that this was the third exhi-
bition of this Society, that the competition is open only
to bond fiJc amateurs and cottagers who reside within
the borough of Warwick, and that the entries were nearly
a thousand, it must be admitted that great success has
attended the efforts of the promoters. The show was
held in the spacious Corn Exchange, but it has outgrown
the dimensions of the building, and next season the
Society will be compelled to betaj^e itself to canvas tents
in some one of the many suitable places round Warwick.
The appearance of the hall was enhanced by the
judicious arrangement of some fine Palms, Ferns, and
flowering plants, furnished by Mr. A. D. Christie from
Warwick Casde Gardens. These were arranged along
the centre of the middle table, and gave a finished
appearance to it. All the bays round the external walls
were filled with a number of stove and greenhouse plants
from Mr. R. Greenfield, gr. to T. Lloyd, Esq., The
Priory Gardens. Mr. Moorhouse, gr. to G. N. Nelson,
Esq., also sent a good group of plants, and in all these
cases not one for competition.
Of the plants staged on this occasion much need not
be said, but they were, on the whole, decidedly credit-
able to the exhibitors, seeing that no gardeners are
allowed to compete. There were a great miiny classes
for plants both for amateurs and cottagers, and while
the former could not compete in the cottagers' classes
the latter could enter all those for amateurs.
Cut flowers of many kinds were shown, also Epergnes,
bouquets, button-holes, and in all cases considerable
interest was awakened in the various competitions. Mr.
Thomas Haynes, of Tulip renown, formerly of Derby,
and now of Warwick, was foremost with Carnations,
Picotees, Pansies, and Stocks, defeating all opponents
in the amateurs' division.
Throughout hardy fruits and vegetables were very
fine. Potatos were a great feature ; but in the cottagers'
classes, though some were very good, there was too much
coarseness. Woodstock Kidney, International Kidney,
Ashleaf, Mr. Bresee, and the American Rose were very
good among kidneys ; the leading round varieties were
Blanchard, Grampian, and Schoolmaster. The best col-
lections in the dealers' class for twelve varieties of
Potatos, and in the amateurs' for six, had to be disquali-
fied through staging International Kidney twice — once
under the name of Woodstock Kidney ; and it was said
to have been bought from a seed house under the latter
name. In the cottagers' class for three dishes of
Potatos there were twenty-one exhibitors, Mr. W. Wilcox
being ist, with very good samples of Woodstock Kidney,
International Kidney, and Beauty of Hebron. Mr. H.
J. Banks was very successful as an amateur, having the
best dish of round Potatos in Blanchard, and the best
dish of kidney in Woodstock Kidney.
An excellent collection of fruit was staged by Mr, C.
Wilson, nurseryman, Warwick, in the dealers' division
for not less than twelve varieties ; and he was also ist for
the best collection of vegetables. Both were highly
praiseworthy
Mr. T. Perkins, nurseryman, Leamington, staged,
not for competition, several boxes of Roses, comprising
some remarkably fine blooms of Duchess ofEedtord, a
glowing crimson variety of great merit ; Reine Marie
Henriette, Prince Camille de Rohan, Thomas Mills,
Senateur Vaisse, very fine ; Magna Charta, Cheshunt
Hybrid, Madame Lambard, Jean Ducher, Anna Olivier,
Innocente Pirola, &c., and also some very fine bouquets.
These were a great attraction to the numerous visitors ;
indeed, the spacious Corn Exchange was most incon-
veniently crowded during the latter part of the day, but
by no means to the dissatisfaction of the promoters.
Beckenham Horticultural : Attg. 6. — Held
on Bank Holiday, in some elevated and charming
grounds at Beckenham, and in the midst of some of the
most beautiful of suburban residences and scenery, it
was difficult not to deplore that such a first-rate locality
should be represented by but a third-rate show. We
fear in this case the views of the promoters are very
narrow-minded, and inasmuch as the committee is almost
exclusively composed of local exhibitors, it does seem as
if selfish interests were more studied than the interests of
horticulture. It is enough to say that were the district
properly represented both on committee and in the show,
one of the very best around London, and quite equal to
the fine shows held at Ealing, Richmond, and elsewhere,
ought to be seen at Beckenham. The cottager element
at this show is always a good one, because it includes all
the residents on the Alexandra estate at Penge, and
these have unusually large cottages, and many of them
good allotment gardens also, so that not only are these
so-called cottagers of a very superior type socially, but
their exhibits are of an excellent kind.
Amongst the most attractive features of the show was
a fine group of plants sent by Messrs. John Laing &
Co., Forest Hill, and inclusive of some boxes of capital
cut Roses set in a dense border of Palms, Crotons, Be-
gonias, Gloxinias, &c. From the same firm also came
some good black and white Grapes and cut blooms of
Hollyhocks. Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, sent
boxes of fine show, bouquet, and single Dahlias, the
latter specially exhibiting some very rich colours. Plant
groups were more gay than decorative in the best sense,
and though the first collection of plants came from Mr.
Steer, gr. to R. Reed, Esq., Beckenham, the most
attractive one had for its centre one of the best grown
lots of white, mauve, and blue Campanula pyramidalis
we have seen for many a day. Gardeners who go in for
grouping at this time of the year should make a note of
these hardy plants, for as shown they were truly beau-
tiful. These were staged by Mr. Pascote, gr. to W.
Roberts, Esq., Beckenham. The competition for Mr.
Laing's showy Begonia pictures, the best six plants of
Begonias, stout and well flowered, came from Mr.
Wright, gr. to J. W. Perkins, Esq., and included of
named sorts, J. W. Farren, Mrs. Stonor. and Thomas
Brassey, and some good seedlings. Mr. Spreadbury,
gr. to Mrs. Pearce, Beckenham, had a capital lot of
plants also); and the only, but an excellent lot, of Achi-
menes came from Mr. Steer. Tiie best flowered bedding
Pelargoniums — but at Beckenham still dubbed Geraniums
— came from Mr .Daisley, gr. to R. Pamphilon, Esq.,
Beckenham, and Mr. J. Wright's second best were all
good doubles.
The class for stove and greenhouse plants in flower
brought some good Orchids, Mr. W. Reed, gr. to J.
Goddard, Esq. , Elmer's End, having good Cattleya
crispa, Oncidium crispum, and Epidendrum nemorale
majus ; Mr. Steer, who had the 2d best lot, having the
two former kinds, a huge Gloxinia, &c. In this class an
equal ist was awarded to Mr. Spreadbury for a fine
half-dozen of greenhouse plants, inclusive of two finely-
flowered Campanula pyramidalis, two fine Begonias, and
a very handsome Fuchsia. There were as usual lots of
xminteresting Ferns and other foliage plants, of which
show frequenters are pretty well satiated, and heartily
wish were anywhere else. Far more beautiful than a big
lot of these was a simple wicker basket filled with flowers
of the most lovely colours of • the Salpiglossis and
Maidenhair Fern ; and hardly less pleasing was a
trumpet vase filled with single Dahlias and ornamental
grasses. Of double Dahhas there were many fine
flowers from local growers, as also Roses and other cut
flowers.
Fruits were very good indeed, and specially fine was a
dish of Noblesse Peaches.
Vegetables were excellent, and the competition for
Messrs. Jas. Carter & Co.'s prize was good, but the ex-
hibits were all too much crowded in flat baskets. In the
Potato classes were many capital samples ; the best
white kidneys were Cosmopolitan and International, and
coloured kind Eeauty of Hebron. Vicar of Laleham
took all the prizes in the class for coloured rounds, and
Porter's Excelsior and Schoolmaster were the best white
ones. The cottagers' vegetables were generally first-
rate.
Portmadoc Horticultural : Aii^^, 3. — In propi-
tious weather this Society held its fourth annual meeting,
which proved a thorough success, the arrangements
being very efficient, and the exhibits brought together
from the principal g^dens in the three counties to which
competition is open, viz., Merioneth, Carnarvon, and
Anglesey, would have done credit to a more pretentious
show. In the open class for the best collection of fruit
Lord Newborough (Mr. Hartwell, gr.) took ist honours,
Mr. Bennett, gr. to the Hon. C. Wynn, Rhug, Corwen,
being 2d ; but it is fair to state that Mr. Bennett's col-
lection suffered much from an accident in transit. For
black and white Grapes Mr. Hartwell was again ist,
Mr. Cooke, gr. toJ.Vaughan, Esq., Nannau, DolgeUy,
being an excellent 2d for black, and Mr. Severn, gr. to
F. S. Percival, Esq., 2d for whites. All the Muscats
shown were deficient in finish. Mr. Bennett took the
ist prize for Peaches and Nectarines, with splendid
fruit ; and Mr. Hartwell was ist for Pine-apple and
Melon. For the best collection of vegetables Mr. John
Jones, gr. to — Findlay, Esq., Abergw}nant, Dol-
geUy, took the lead for the third year in succession ;
very fine collections were also staged by Messrs. Bennett,
Cooke, Severn, and others. The best group of plants
arranged for effect was by Mr. J. Jones, Abergwynant.
The prizes for table plants were taken by Mr.
Hartwell and Mr. Bennett. Prominent amongst
cut flowers were some very fine trusses of zonal Pelar-
goniums from Nannau, Mr. Cooke securing the ist prize,
and also for some stands of remarkably fine Pansies ;
Mr. J . J ones had also some very good ones.
Bouquets and table decorations were a good feature of
the show, Mr, Bennett's and Mr. Hartwell's examples
being much admired. The cottagers' and amateurs'
classes were well filled. The vegetables were of excellent
quality, which must in a great measure be attributed to
the lavourable season. Messrs. James Dickson & Sons,
Chester, staged a nice lot of miscellaneous plants, not
for competition ; and some stands of Roses from
Messrs. Francis & Arthur Dickson, Chester, were much
admired. A nice group of plants, not for com-
petition, from W. E. Oakley, Esq., Langbwlch, were
noteworthy. All the exhibits were arranged in three
spacious marquees in the park. T. L.
STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON,
foR THE Week ending Wednesdav
, August 8, 1883.
Hygrome-
trical De-
Barometer.
Temperature of
THE AiR.
ductions
from
Glaisher's
Wind.
■7
Tables 6th
Q
Edition.
Q
<
c
iS
X
u S
8*3
X
H
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. ^r.
c
'Si.g
»d
05
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^.2
i<
f
i
'
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So
s
ESS
sea
ao
II
In.
In.
.
rn,
3
30.02
-f 0.27
7a. 0
Sa.j'ig.S
59-9
— 2-4
5. .8
-\
W.:
W.NW.
0.00
3
30.04
+0.39
69.0
SS.SI3.5
62.3
+ 0.1
47-9
59
S.W.
0.02
4
30.04
-ho, 29
70.0
55.0 '3 0
60.9
— 1-3
S0.2
50
S.W.
0 CO
5
29.91
+0.17
63.0
56.511.5,61.4
-0.758..; 9.{l^l^^
0.03
6
29.73
— 0,0?
70.1
59.5
10.662.6
■t- O.s'56.9' 79 W.S.W.
0.07
7
2982
-ho.tf7
71.5
S3. 2
18.360.9
- '.■56.6 87{!^;SW.
0.03
8
2959
— ai6
61.0
Si.o
lo.o'ss'.g
-6.Js..x 84{l^^^;^.
0.18
Mean
29. 88
+0.13
68.8
S4-7
14. 1 60.6
- I.653.2J 75 S.W.
0.3a
Aug. 2. — Dull day and night, but fine and warm.
— 3. — Fine and bneht at times ; rain falliug occasionally.
Fine warm night.
— 4. — Fine bright, warm day ; nearly calm. Fine night ;
windy.
— 5. — Drizzling rain in morning ; dull day. Fine. Over-
cast at night.
— 6. — Drizzling rain in morning. Fine and bright day ;
warm. Rain from 9.50 p.m. to 10.10 p.m.
— 7. — Fme bright, warm day. Fme night ; dark. Light-
ning at times.
— 8. — Fine and bright till ir a.m. ; raia throughout the
day and night. Thunderstorm at night.
London : AhnospJierk Pressure. — During the week
ending August 4 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 30.07 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29.94 inches by 9 a.m. on
the 2gth, increased to 29.97 inches by 3 P.M. on the
same day, decreased to 29.63 inches by 9 A.M. on
the 30th, increased to 30.21 inches by 9 a.m. on
August 2, decreased to 30.20 inches by 3 p.m. on
the same day, increased to 30.23 inches by 9 A.M.,
and decreased to 30.22 inches by midnight on the 3d,
increased to 30.25 inches by 9 a.m. on the 4th, and
was 30. 19 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.84 inches, being 0.14 inch lower than
last week, and 0.07 inch above the average of the
week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 75°, on July 31 ; on July 30
the highest was 66°. The mean of the seven high
day temperatures was 70°.!.
The lowest temperature in the shade in the week
was 48°, on July 29 ; the lowest, on August 3, was
55°. 5. The mean of the seven low night temperatures
was 52°. 9.
The greatest range of temperature was 23% on July
August ii, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
187
29 ; the smallest was I3°.5, on July 30 and^ August 3.
The mean of the seven daily ranges was 17°. 2.
The mean temperatures were— on July 29, 58°.6 ;
on the 30lh, 57°.9 ; on July 31, 62°.2 ; on August i,
59.°2 ; on the 2d, 59''.9 ; on the 3d, 62°.3 ; and on
the 4th, 6o°.9 ; and these were all below (excepting
on August 3, which was 0°. i above its average) by
3°.7, 4°.4, o".!, 3°. I, 2". 4, and i°.3 respectively.
The mean temperature was 60°. r, being 3°.4 higher
than last week, and 2°. i below the average of the week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was I30°.6, on (nly 29. The mean of the seven
readings was II0°.S. The lowest reading of a mini-
mum thermometer placed on grass, and fully exposed
to the sky, was 42°, on July 29. The mean of the
seven readings was 45'.S.
A'ijjH.— Rain fell on six days, to the amount of
0.27 inch.
England : Temperature. — During the week ending
August 4 the highest temperatures were 7S°.2, at
Cambridge, and 75" at Blackheath and Hull, the
highest at Liverpool, was 67°. 2, at Bolton, 6S'.5, and
at Preston 69°. The general mean was 72°.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 42°. J
at Cambridge, 43° at Nottingham, and 43°. I at
Wolverhampton ; the lowest temperature at Liverpool
was 52°.!, at Brighton 5i°.S, and at Preston 51°.
The general mean was 47°. 6.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 35". 7 at Cambridge, 31°. 6 at Nottingham, and
28° at Hull ; the least ranges were 15°,! at Liver-
pool, 18° at Preston, and 20°.5 at Bolton. The
general mean was 24°. 4.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 73°; at Brighton 71°. 9, at
Nottingham 7r°.3 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 64°.5,
at Liverpool 64°.7, and at Bristol 65°.2. The general
mean was 68°. i.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Preston, 55°.6, at Liverpool 54°.9, and at
Brighton 54°. 5 ; and was lowest at Nottingham, 49°.2,
at Hull 49°. 4, and at Wolverhampton 49".9. The
general mean was 52".
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Cambridge, 22°. 7, at Nottingham 22°. I, and at
Hull 20^.9; and was least at Liverpool, 9°. 8, at
Preston io°.4, and at Bristol I2°.4. The general
mean was l6°. I.
The mean temperature was highest at Brighton,
6l°.4, at Blackheath 60°. I, and at Cambridge 59°.9 ;
and was lowest at Bolton, 55°. 6, at Wolverhampton
56°. I, and at Bristol 57°. 2. The general mean was 58°. 3.
Rain. — The largest fall was i inch at Bradford,
0.79 inch at Leeds, and 0.70 inch at Bristol; the
smallest falls were 0.03 inch at Preston, and 0.05
inch at Cambridge and Liverpool. The general mean
fall was o. 34 inch.
Scotland : Temperature. — Duiing the week end-
ing August 4 the highest temperature was 73°, at
Dundee and Perth ; at Paisley the highest temper-
ature was 66°.5. The general mean was 69°.4.
The lowest temperature in the week was 43°,
at Perth ; at Leith the lowest temperature was 50°.2.
The general mean was 46''. 3.
The mean temperature was highest at Dundee,
58°.9 ; and lowest at Edinburgh, 56°. 7. The general
mean was 57°. 8.
Rain. — The largest fall was 0.72 inch, at
Edinburgh, and the smallest was 0.05 inch at
Greenock. No rain fell at Glasgow or Paisley. The
general mean fall was 0.28 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
The Hop Crops. — The Kentish Observer of
Thursday says :— We cannot this week report as
favourably as we had hoped to do respecting the Hop
plantations in Kent and Sussex. The last six or
eight days have been the critical time for the crop —
the period during which the fate of the coming
growth is generally decided one way or another.
Reports from the different districts vary a good deal
—some say the gardens have done well, others that
prospects have considerably diminished ; some speak
of freedom from mould or vermin, others of the
presence and extension of both mould and lice.
The weather is certainly not of that settled and
clear character so much needed for the Hops,
and a few days like that of Sunday would no
doubt very soon bring about a blight. As
it was it greatly assisted the spread of vermin in many
gardens. We have been shown pieces of foliage taken
from grounds hitherto most promising in appearance,
which, on examination, are found to be literally
coveied with lice. Growers are naturally averse to
making known the full extent of the mischief that has
arisen, but we have ascertained from independent
sources that a large proportion of the acreage in both
counties has within the last few days been visited by
swarms of vermin, and that great alarm is felt by
planters lest the young Hop flowers should be attacked.
What is wanted to avert this calamity is plenty of
hot sunshine, with occasional thunderstorms.
inquiries.
He that quest'wneth much shall learrt w«M.— Bacon.
Blood Manure. — Will some of your correspondents
kindly inform me as to the best method of using blood
as a manure ? My soil is a light sandy loam, and very
poor, having been a Larch plantation for thirty or foriy
years. I intend using the land for nursery purposes, and
have the opportunity of getting a quantity of blood from
a slaughter-house near. Will any one having had expe-
rience with it kindly give me the benefit of it? ''foku
Charlton, Summer I'ale Nursery, Tiinbridge Wells.
[Mix it with good loam, dry powdered clay, or road-
scrapings, and let the heap stand until the blood has
become decomposed. Ed.]
Fruit Preserving Without Sugar. — Will some
of your readers kindly inform us how fruit is put down
for preservint^ without sugar, in what is termed a half-
boiled condition ? Also please say if the use of salicylic
acid is necessary in the process, and what kind of vessels
(casks, tins, &c.) are best to store it in? IK 6^ S.
Fruits for a Soutk Wall in Ayrshire. — Will
some of your correspondents name the three best Plums,
Cherries, and Pears respectively for a good wall facing
south-west, the border being formed of fresh loamy turf?
Flavour and free-bearing qualities are essential, size of
fruit is not. DUappointed, Ayrshire,
Answers to Correspondents.
Carnation and Picotee Seedlings : Thomas Smith.
I, White, delicately pricked with pink ; form and qua-
lity good ; a pleasing variety. 2, Rosy-salmon on
shaded buff ground ; large and full ; fimbriated ; very
attractive. — T. M, Carnations: i. Pale C.B., too
thin in substance, though pleasing in colour. 2, A
very promising scarlet flake ; full of colour ; smooth,
and of good substance, 3, Crimson bizarre, finely
marked ; very promising. 6, Rose flake of a pleasing
shade : try all. 7, Rich C.B. or P.P.B. ; good petal ;
well marked ; fine colours. 8, Lt. C.B. ; pretty, but
wanting in the rich coloration of Nos. 7 and 3. 9,
P. P.B. ; small, but of exquisite quality; with good
growth may attain a high place in its class. Picotees :
13, 14, and 15, pretty border varieties, nothing more.
13 and 15 are from shop seed. Carnations Nos. 3, 7,
and 9 should be carefully preserved ; well developed
they may attain a high place in their class. E. S.
Dodwcll.
Cyclobotiira pulchella : Botanic. A bulbous plant,
native of California, and procurable at any of the large
nurseries or seed establishments.
Cytisus : Inquirer. Put in cuttings of half-ripened
wood now, or a little later. Insert them in well-
drained pot sfilled with sandy peat, and with about an
inch of silver sand on the top. Cover them with a
bell glass, and keep them in a moderately warm house
or close frame.
Gentlemen's Gardeners : Rival asks if a ladies'
gardener is eligible to compete for a special prize
offered for competition in a class stated in a schedule
to be "open to gentlemen's gardeners." Why, cer-
tainly! What is there to prevent him? — the terms
quoted being always understood to aim only at the
exclusion of nurserymen and trade growers generally.
Insects. — The patch of eggs on the leaf of a Green
Gage Plum are those of a moth, most probably the
brown-tailed Bombyx chrysorrhrea. /. O. W. —
H. G. B. Your Fir trees are attacked by the common
Chermes Laricio, which secrete the white downy
matter at the bases of the leaves. We cannot advise
any precise treatment to get rid of the insects, but we
doubt if the red colour of the leaves of some of the
branches is caused by those insects, as those sent show
no signs of them. The trunks of the trees might be
washed with a solution of soft-soap and lime-water.
/. O. I V.
Lettuce : G. M. writes : — "I was a judge lately at a
local show, and one of my colleagues wanted to dis-
qualify all the collections of vegetables that contained
Lettuces, on the ground that they were not vegetables,
but he was overruled. Which of the judges were right?"
Those, of course, who ruled that Lettuces are veget-
ables. We never heard of such a contention before.
Melons: N. G.N. Without fuller details as to manage-
ment we cannot say with any degree of certainty what
is the matter with your Melons. With plants growing
vigorously the fruits may fall off from a deficiency of
bottom-heat ; from syringing or watering them over-
head in the period between setting the fruit and their
becoming thesize of a hen's-egg ; or from non-fertiHsa-
tion. Your soil and temperature seem to be quite
proper. Fertilise the female blooms with the pollen
from newly-opened flowers between 10 A.M. and
II a.m., and permit no wetting of the blooms for a
week.
Names of Plants : 7- 7- ^I'- Oncidium dasytyln. —
W. F. Brooks. Trachelium cceruleum. — J. A. C.
Malva moschata. — H. H. Ononis arvensis. ^Sub-
scriber. I, Selaginella Braunii ; 2, S. Martensii ? 3,
indeterminable ; no fruit. — J. H. K. Pteris semi-
pinnata. — S. V. Veronica longifolia. — y. Hibbard.
A good form of Vandasuavis and Oncidium incurvum :
the others are — 1, specimen insufficient ; 2, Achillea
ptarmica flore-pleno ; 3, Centaurea montana, var.
albida ; 4. Lychnis coronaria ; 5, Cephalaria tatarica,
probably, from the miserable scrap sent ; 6, Kerria
japonica var. varicgata. — R. O'C. 1, Spiraea sorbi-
folia ; 2, S, callosa ; 3, S. arisfolia. — F. R. K. Pha-
lainopsis roseum. — E. K. Qucrcus rubra, the North
American Red Oak.
Potting : J . C. If well done we should consider about
fifty as good work.
Vines : D. y. The leaf-galls on your young Vine
leaves are those of the dreaded Grape-louse (Phyl-
loxera vastalrix). Pick off all the leaves having galls
on them, and burn them at once. Where did you get
the young Vines from ?
\* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the " Editor," and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.
1^" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Office Orders
are requested to send them to the Publisher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to William Richards, at the post-
office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.
Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT
to the Editor.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Dammann & Co., Portici, near Naples— Vegetable and
Flower Seeds.
Waite, Nash, Huggins & Co., 79, Southwark Street,
S.E. — Flower Roots, Wholesale.
James Dickson & Sons. 32, Hanover Street, Edin-
burgh— Dutch Flower Roots.
Strike & Hawkins, 62, High Street, Middlesborough
— Bulb Catalogue.
Alfred Legerton, 5, Aldgate, London, E.— Dutch
and other Flower Roots, Wholesale.
J. & R. Thyne. 60, Buchanan Street, Glasgow— Bulbous
Roots and Spring Flowering Plants.
R. & G. Cuthbert, Southgate, N.— Dutch Flower
Roots.
Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle. — Roses, Clematis,
and Herbaceous Plants.
R. & G. Neal, Wandsworth Common, S.W. — Cape,
Dutch, and other Bulbs.
DiCKSONS & Co., I, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh —
Flower Roots and Spring Flowering Plants.
Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt, Germany — Flowering Bulbs
and Roots, &c.
C. W. Meitzsch, Dresden — Roses, Hardy Trees and
Shrubs, &c.
Wm. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, N.— Dutch and
other Bulbs, CamelUas, Azaleas, &c.
Louis Van Houtte, Ghent, Belgium — Bulbs and other
Flower Roots.
Communications Received. — H. Correvon. — A. H. — C. T.—
W. O'B -Paul.— C. W. D.-A. O.-Bctanic— J. E.— T. S.
W.-S. J.-A. DallR-re.-B. S. W.— H. E.-M. F.-J. T.
R.-P.. Y.-W. Thompson.— J. A.— W. M. C— M. T. M.
lilarhds.
COVENT GARDEN, August 9.
[The subjoined leports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the pnce at any particular date, still less can they be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.]
Market still heavily supplied. Prices lower in the
early part of the week, but now steady. James Webber,
Wholesale Apple Market.
Fruit. — Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d. I J. d. s. d.
Apples, J4-sieve .. 16-26, Gooseberries, J^-siv. 26-33
Cherries, J^-sieve .. 7 0-13 o Lemons, per case ..15 0-20 o
Currants, Black, %• ' Melons, each .. 10-30
sieve .. ..26-30, Peaches, per doz. .. 20-60
— Red, J^-i>ieve .. 30-40, Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-30
Figs, per dozen ..20-.. j — St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o
Grapes, per lb. ..10-30] Strawberrits, per lb. o 3- o g
Vegetables—
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz.
Beans, French. lb. ..
— Scarlet, per lb...
Beet, per doz.
Cabbages, per doz. . .
Carrots, new, p. bun.
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen
Celery, per bundle . .
Cucumbers, each . .
Endive, Fiencti, per
dozen
Garlic, per lb.
Herbs, per bunch . .
Horse Radish, buod.
PoTATOS.— Jersey
Jersei
Kent
Average Retail Prices.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
20-30 per dozen . . ..10-..
04-.. — Cos, per dozen.. 16-..
04-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 06-..
10-.. M ushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
1 o- a o Onions, per bunch ., o €- ..
0 6- .. — Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch., o 4- . *
20-30 Peas. English, quart i c- .,- •■
1 6- .. Radishes, per doz. .. i 6- ..'
o 4- o S Small salading, puo. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
20-.. Sweet Poiatos, lb. .. b 6- .,
10-.. Tomatos, per lb. . . i o- . .
02-04 Turnips, new, bun. o .^ . .
^ t>- 4 o I Vegt. Marrows, each 03-04
Potatos much diseased, aud trade bad :
Kidneys, Cs to £>^ P«:r ton.
1 88
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
("August ii, 1883.
Plants in Pots.
s.
Aralia Sieboldii, per
dozen .. ..12
Arbor-vitse (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6
— (common), dozen 6
Asters, per doz. .. 4
Begonias, per doz. .. 6
Bouvardia, doz. ..12
Caladiums, per doz. 6
Calceolarias, dozen... 4
Cockscombs, doz. .. 4
Coleus. doz. .. ..3
Dracaena term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz ..12
Erica, various, doz.ia
Euonyraus, various,
per dozen . . . . 9
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6
d.s.
0-24
i.
0
0-18
0
0-12
0
0- 3
0
O-IZ
0
0-18
0
0-24
0
&- q
0
0- q
0
n- 6
0
0-60
0
0-24
0
0-36
°
0-18
0
0-Z4
0
. d. s. d-
-Average Wholesale Prices.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each . . . . 2 0-10 o
Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90
Hydrangea, per. doz. g 0-24 o
Lilium longiflorum,
per dozen.. .. 18 0-42 o
Liiiums, various, doz. 12 0-31 o
Lobelias, per dozen 30-60
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen . . . . 12 0-24 o
Mignoonette, doz. .. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in variety,each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . 20-60
— decorative, doz. 60-80
Cut Flowers. — Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Abutilon, 12 bunches 20-40
Asters, 12 bunches.. 40-60
— French, per bun. 10-30
Bouvardias, per bun. 10-16
Canterbury Bell.bun. 10-20
Carnations, 12 blms. 10-30
— 12 bunches . . 30-60
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 1 6- d o
Dahlias, 12 bun .. 40-80
Delphinium, p. bun. 06-10
Eucharis. per doz. .. 40-60
Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2 o- 4 o
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 30-60
Gladioli. 12 spikes.. 16-40
Heliotropes, i2Sp. .. o 6- i o
I^apageria, white, iz
blooms . . ..30-60
• — red, 12 blooms.. 10-30
Liiiums. 12 bun. ..12 0-18 o
Lavender, 12 bun. .. 60-90
Marguerites, 12 bun, 6
Mignonette, 12 bun. 6
Mirigolds, izbun. .. 2
Myosoiis, or Forget-
me-not, p. 12 bun. 2
Pansies, 12 bunches o
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. o
— zonal, 12 sprays 3
Picotees, 12 bun. .. 2
Primula, double, bun. i
Pyrethrum. 12 bun.. 3
Roses (indoor), doz. 2
— (outdoor), 12 bun. 3
— coloured, doz. .. 3
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2
Stocks, 12 bunches,. 3
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 3
Sweet Sultan, iz bun. 4
Tropaeolum, iz bun. 1
White Jasmine, bun. o
d. s. d.
0-90
O- Q O
0-40
0-60
g- 1 6
6- I o
0-60
0-60
0-16
0-60
0-60
0-60
c- 8 o
6-40
0-60
0-60
0-60
0-20
6-10
SEEDS.
London : Aug. 8. — The seed market to-day was quite
of a holiday character, there being scarcely any business
doing. New French Trifolium is rather dearer. This
season's Essex Rape seed is both cheap and good. There
is a better trade for sowing Mustard. New Rye is now
offering. Operations in bird seeds are restricted. Feed-
ing Linseed is steady Joh7i Shaw ^ Sons, Seed Mer-
chants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E. C,
CORN.
Monday being a Bank Holiday there was no business
done at Mark Lane. On Wednesday the supply of
EngHsh Wheat was light, and firmly held. Foreign did
not sell largely, but sales in some cases were effected at
prices not obtainable on Friday last by about 6d. per
quarter. Flour was fairly steady, but with a slow sale.
Beans and Peas sold in retail at previous value. Barley
was without quotable change. There have been good
arrivals of Oats, but prices were upheld, and there was a
steady trade. — Average prices of corn for the week ending
August 4 : — Wheat, 43J. ^d. ; Barley, 30J. ; Oats,
23J. lod. For the corresponding period last year : —
Wheat, 51J. ^d.', Barley, 29^. id. ; Oats, 25^. '^d.
CATTLE.
At Copenhagen Fields on Monday the trade for beasts
was not brisk, and prices in some cases rather easier than
on the previous market day. Sheep brought about late
value. Of calves, best qualities sold steadily, plain sons
badly. Quotations : — Beasts, Canadians, $s. ^d. to ^s.%d. ;
Danish, 4^. Sd. to 5^. 6d. ; Gothenburg, 4f. lod. to
5^. 2d. ; British, 4^. 6d. to 5^. ^d., and s^- ^d. to 6s. id. ;
calves, 55. to 6j. 6d.', sheep, foreign, 55. srf. to 6^. ^d. ;
British, 5^. 6d. to 6j., and 6s. ^d. to 71.— On Thursday
trade showed greater vitality, both beasts and sheep
meeting with more attention, and quite as dear as on
Monday. Calves and pigs were steady at late quota-
tions.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that there
were moderate supplies of Clover, and trade dull, especi-
ally for inferior qualities. Quotations : — Prime meadow
hay, 80s. to gzs. ; inferior, 40s. to 65J. ; prime Clover,
looj^. to 120J. ; inferior, 60s. to 75J. ; prime second cut,
qos. to io8.f. ; and straw, 30J. to 40J. per load. — On
Thursday there was a large supply, and trade was very
dull. — Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior old
meadow hay, 86s. to 98J. ; inferior, 65J. to y6s. ; new,
65J. to 84?. ; superior old Clover, ii2j. to I20J'. ; infe-
rior, 80s. to 95J. ; new, y^s. to xoos. ; and straw, 36^. to
40J. per load.
POTATOS.
The holidays have somewhat interfered with business,
but the following represents the average prices realised: —
English kidneys, 70J. to ioo.t. per ton ; English rounds,
50^. to Soj. per ton ; English Beauty of Hebron, 60s. to
gos. per ton ; and English Roses, 60s. per ton.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, i6j. ; Walls End — Tyne
unscreened, us. ; Lambton, i8.r. 6d. ; Wear, ijs. ;
Thornley, 18s. ; Tees, igs. -^d.
Government Stock. — On Monday there was no
business on 'Change. Consols closed on Tuesday at
99I for dehvery, and 100 for the account. Wednesday's
final figures were 100 to 100^ for delivery, and 100} to
ioo| for the account. The closing quotations of Thurs-
day were 995 to looj for delivery, and ioo\ to roo^ for
the account.
»s\^
^^^^mv^nEer ^^
<?«
'$
oJO^ 21 oz. Foreign, of the foUowlng
^^ Blzes, In toxes of 100 and 200 feet,
3ds and 4tliB qualltlea always kept In Btook :—
20X14 20X16 20X18
20X15 22X16 22X18
18x16 24x16 24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
from
GEOBOE FABSHIiOE So SONS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, 8t Jolm'i Street, West Smittifleld, London, RCL
14X12
20x12
16x12
i6x 14
18x12
18X14
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON E C
W H LASCELLES AND CO will give Estunates for every
descnption of HORTICULTURAL WOR^, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours. _ _ •
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
TENANT'S FIXTURE GREENHOUSES,
made inlights and easily
erected, lower part
framed and panelled ;
painted two colours.
I mproved Ventilating
Geaving for houses over
12 feet long. Glazed
with 21-0Z. Glass, and
Painted 3 coats of good
oil colour. . ^ J -c- \. ■ \ I /■
Specimen size, 12 feet by 8 feet, £.^S 3^- 6 ^- For brickwork, .£20.
LEAN-TO HOUSES
for building against existing
walls, similar to above, 15 ft.
by lofeet, £-2^., or for brick-
work. £i<j. Portable Cu-
cumber Frames, painted 3
coats, glazed 21-oz. glass.
2-light Frame, 6 feet by
8 feet, £-i 45. 6d. Cases 45.,
allowed when returned.
All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station.
Illustrated Catalogue free on appticatio7L.
C. FRAZER, Horticukural Builder, Palace Plain, Norwlch.
^HIGHC^raROADXONDON^
Conservatories and Greenliouses, &c.
H FREEMAN and SONS, Horticul-
• TURAL Builders and Hot-v/ater Engineers, Cam-
bridge Heath Bridge. Hackney, E. — Good substantially made
GREENHOUSES, Glazed ready for Fixing, 21 leet by 13 feet,
£^% ; 12H feet by 10 feet, £\i ; 10 feet by 5 feet, /8. SPAN-
ROOF CONSERVATORY, 30 feet by 17 feet, ^60 ; 21 feet by
13 leet, ;^3i loj. ; 13 feet by 8 feet, ;^iS. LIGHTS, &.c., in
Stock.
Cucumber Frames.
RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England :— £ s. d.
2-lieht frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) porklntr ( 3 ° °
3-liehtframe, I2feetby6feet ^ P^^^^/% -^ 5 5 o
6-light Irame. 24 feet by 6 feel ) "-ases iree ^ ^^ 00
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.
R. HALLIDAV and CO.. Hothouse Builders and Engmeers,
Royal Horticukural Works, Middleton, Manchester.
No. 74. Ttiree-quarter SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.
CASH PRICES— Carriage Paid.
No. 2 size .. 8 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide - . ;64 15 o
No. 3 size .. 12 ft. long ,, 6 ft. wide .. 6 10 o
No. 4 size . , 16 ft. long . . 6 ft. wide . . 850
These Frames are 13 inches high in front, 24 inches high at
the back, and 32 inches at the ridge. Front or back lights
turn over. Set-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted
four coats of best oil colour, and the lights are glazed with best
2t-oz. English glass.
G-BEENHOUSES,
Suitable for Villas, Small Country Houses.
NEW catalogue. NOW READY. FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
IBtelMjOK&fiWtlSS:
CflTAUOGUHS FRtt^
Manufactory : VictonaWorks .■Wolveihamptoh
LONDON 0FFICES.3,CR00KE:DaNE:,KING WILLIAM sue.;
ELECTRIC THERMOMETERS,
for CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, &c.
Thh Apparatus is most reliable for noting a rapid rise or
fall of temperature from any cause, and giving timely notice of
it by Bell to Gardener's house or elsewhere.
Houses fitted with ELECTRIC BELLS, BURGLAR
ALARUMS, LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS, &c.
Prices on application. Catalogue three stamps.
FRANCIS AND CO., Eagle Telegraph Works, Hatton
Garden, E C.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,
AND GENERAL HORTICI'LTUBAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leede.
Yorkshire.
H
oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
[Rf^isie^-ed Trade RIark )
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil pamt on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwiihstarding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Ke* Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i^. (>d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or \s. Sd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
"■ Piercefield Park. Jvne 2\, 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had. which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfullv. Wm. Cox."
C^i/r/C7V.— Hill & Smith would particularly wain their
Custcmers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they lereive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c, , sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, SiafTordshire ;
itS, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and iSn, Buchanan
Street, Glasgow.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited. The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
August ii, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
189
THK
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
(Established 1841)
CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF
GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC,
REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS,
REVIEWS of BOOKS, and NOT ICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of
CURRENT INTEREST,
HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.
Special attention is given to the following subjects :—
ALPINE PLANTS.
ARBORETUM— The.
BEDDING PLANTS.
BEES.
BOTANY.
BULBOUS PLANTS.
CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS.
CONIFERS.
DISEASES OF PLANTS.
EVERGREENS.
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS.
FLORISTS' FLOWERS.
FLOWER GARDENS.
FORCING.
FORESTRY.
FRUIT CULTURE.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS.
KITCHEN GARDENING.
LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
LAWNS— LILIES.
MACHINES.
MANURES— Analyses of.
MARKET GARDENING.
NEPENTHES.
ORCHIDS — including a com-
plete List of those in culti-
vation.
PALMS.
PLANTING.
PLEASURE GROUNDS.
POMOLOGY.
POTATOS.— POULTRY.
RHODODENDRONS.
ROCKERIES.
ROSES.
SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES.
STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS.
SUCCULENT PLANTS.
TOWN GARDENING.
TRAINING.
TRAVEL— Notes of.
TREES — Deciduous and Ever-
green.
VEGETABLE CULTURE.
VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY
VINES.
WALKS.— WALLS.
WEATHER.— WEEDS.
WINDOW GARDENING.
WOODS, &c., &c., &c.
Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., and Others.
Among the Contributors to recent Volunfies may be mentioned :—
ABBAV, Rev
ANDERSON (J-)
ANURfi(E.), Paris
aNTOINE(F.), Vienna..
ATKINS (J.)
ISADEN POWELL (H.)
liADGER IE. W.)
BAINES(T.)
HAKER(G.)
BAKER (J. G), F.R.S
KALFOUR (Professor) ..
nALL (J ), F.R.S
r.ANCROFT(G.), M.D.
IIARRON (A. F.), Chiswick . .
liENNET (H.), M.D,, Mentone
BENNETT (A. W.)
llENNETr(G), M.D., Sydney
liENTHAM (G.), F.R.S.
BERGMAN (E). Paris ..
l!ERKELEV(Rev. II. J). F.R.S.
KLACKMORE (R. D.) ..
BLAIR (T.). Shrubland Gardens
BLOVV(r. B.)
B01SSIER(E.), Geneva
r.OSCAWEN (Hon. & Rev, J. T.)
BOULGERCG. S.), F.L.S.
BRIGHT (H. A.)
BRITTEN Q.). British Museum
BROWN (N. E)
UULLEN (R.), Botanic Garden
GUaseow
UaRBIDGE (F. W.), Botanic
Garden, Dublin
CARUEL (Professor). Florence..
CASPARV(Prof.), Kcenigsberg .
CLARKE (Col, TREVOR)
CLARKE (C, B,), F.R.S.
COBBOLD(T. S.), F,R,S,
COLEMAN (W,), Eastnor Castle
Gardens . .
COOKE (M.C)
COOPER (Sir DAN., Bart.) ..
CORREVON (H ), Geneva
COX (J.l, Redleaf Gardens
;REWE(Rev. H. H.) ..
CROSSLING (R,). St. Fagan's
Castle Gardens
CROUCHER (J.)
D ARWI N (the late Charles) . .
DEAN (A,)
DEAN (R.)
Ul!,CAISNE(the late Prof.). Paris
DE CANDOLLE (A ), Geneva..
DEHERAIN (Professor), Paris,.
DOU(Rev. C, W.)
DODWELL(E. S.)
DOUGLAS 0-). Great Geaties,
Ilford
DOWNIEO,), Edinliurfih
DRUDE (Professor), Dresden ..
DUCH A RTRE (Professor). Paris
DUTHIE(J. F,). Saharunpore,.
DYER (BERNARD)
DYER (Rev, T. F.)
DYER (W, T. T,), F.R.S.
EARLEY (W,)
ELLACOMBE (Rev. H. N.) ..
Colfee-Ieaf Disease.
Orchids,
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Forestry.
Practical Gardening,
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening,
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Alpine Plants.
Queensland Correspondence
Fruit Culture.
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology.
Australian Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Diseases of Plants.
Pomology.
Practical Gardening.
Bees.
Garden Plants,
Landscape Gardening,
Vegetable Physiology,
Notes from a Lancashire
Plant Lore. [Garden.
Garden Botany,
Orchid Notes.
Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Diseases of Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Fungi.
Australian Correspondence.
Alpine Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Succulent Plants.
Physiology of Plants.
Practical (gardening.
Floriculture,
Garden botany.
Garden Botany, &c.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Plants,
Florists' Flowers.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Chemical Analyses,
Flower Lore,
Garden Botany,
Practical Gardening,
Garden Botany.
EICHLER (Professor), Director
Imperial Botanic Garden,
Berlin
ELWES (H, J)
ENGELMANN (G ), St. Louis..
EVERSHED (H.)
EYLES(G,)
FELLOWES(Rev. E) ..
FENZI(E.), Florence ..
FISH (D. T ), Hardwicke
Gardens
FISHER (Rev, O,)
FITCH (W. H ). F.L.S,
FLEMING (J), Cliveden
Gardens
FOSTER. Dr. M,, F.R.S.
FROST (P.). Dropmore Gardens
GIBSON (WM,)
GILBERT (J, H.). F.RS.
GLAISHER(J,). F R.S
GRAY (Prof, ASA), Boston
GREEN (Charles), Pendell Court
GRIEVE (P,). Bury St, Edmunds
GRINDON(LEO)
HANBURY (T.), Mentone ..
HART(J.). Jam.iica
HEER (Professor O), Zurich , .
HEMSLEY (W, B,)
HENRY (I, ANDERSON) ..
HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra
HENSLOW(Rev. G.) ..
HOOKER (Sir J. D.). K.CS.I.
HORNER (Rev, F. D.)
HOWARD (J. E.), F.R.S.
HUDSON O), Gunnersbury
Gardens
IM THURN (EVERARD),
British Guiana
INGRAM (W.). Belvoir Gardens
JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum
JOLY(C,). Paris
KILLICK (L,), Maidstone
KNIGHT (H,)
KOLB (MAX), Munich
KRELAGE(J. H.), Haarlem ..
LANGE (Prof,), Copenhagen ..
LAVALLfiE (ALPH.), Paris . .
LEES (E,). F.L.S
LEICHTLIN (MAX), Baden
Baden ..
LINDBERG (Prof.), Helsingfors
LYNCH (R. I), Cambridge
Botanic Garden
MACLACHLAN (R,), F,R,S. ..
MANGLES (J. H.), F,L,S, ..
MARIES (C.)
MARTINS (Prof.), Montpellier..
MAW (G.). F.L.S
MEEHAN (T.), Philadelphia .,
MELVILLE (D.), Dunrobin
Gardens
MICHIE (C. v.), CuUen House,
Banff
MILES (G. T.), Wycombe Abbey
Gardens , . . . . . , .
MILLER (W.), Combe Abbey ..
MONTEIRO(Chev.), Lisbon ..
Foreign Correspondence,
Garden Botany.
Conifers.
Garden Literature.
Landscape Gardening.
Roses,
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Roses.
Illustrations.
Practical Gardening.
Plant Physiology.
Practical Gardening.
Town Gardenmg.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Meteorology.
Garden Botany.
Plant Culture.
Practical Gardening,
Garden Literature.
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Garden Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology.
Garden Botany.
Florists' Flowers.
Cinchonas.
Flower Gardening.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Economic Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Fruit Culture.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Tree Lore.
Garden Plants.
Foreign Correspondence,
Garden Botany.
Insects.
Rhododendrons.
Japan Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Crocus — Garden Plants.
American Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Forestry.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence,
MOORE (F.), Glasnevin Botanic
Garden . .
M O R R E N ( Professor), Lie'ge . .
MORRIS (D.), Jamaica ..
MUDD (C). Sjuth Africa
MUELLER (Baron FERD. V.).
Melbourne
MURTON (H. J.), Siam
NAUDIN(C.), Antibes ..
NELSON (C. J), Orange Free
State
NESFIELD(MARKHAM) ..
NICHOLSON (G,), Kew
OLIVER (Capt, S.)
OLIVEIRA (I, D'), Oporto
OLLERHEAD (J,), Wimbledon
Park Gardens ..
ORMEROD(Mi5s)
OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am-
sterdam . .
PAGET (Sir James)
PAUL(WM.)
PEAK E (A W.)
PFITZER(Prof,), Heidelberg ..
PH1L1PS(W.)
PLANCHON (Prof,), Montpellier
PLOWRlGHT(C.)
PRESTO (H.), Trinidad..
PYNAERT(E,), Ghent ..
REGEL (E,). St. Petersburg ..
REICHENBACH (Professor) ..
RIVERS (F.), Sawbridgeworth . .
ROBINSON (J. F,)
ROUIGAS. (E.), Ghent .,
SARGENT (C. W.), Boston ..
SAUL [M.). Stourton Gardens ..
SCHOMBURGK (Dr.). Adelaide
SCHUBELER(Prof,). Christiana
SHEPPARD (J,), Woolverston
Gardens
SIEMENS (Dr.), F.R.S.
SMITH (A.). HySres ..
SMITH (W. G). F.L.S.
SORAUER (Prof,), Proskau
SURINGAR (Professor). Leyden
SWAN (W.), Fallowfield..
SYME (G. I.Jamaica
THURBER (G), New York
TIDMARSH, Graham's Town
TODARO (Baron). Palermo
TRIMENfH), Ceylon
WALLIS (J, I. Keele Gardens ,,
WARD (H, W), Longford Castle
Gardens
WARINGTON (R,)
WATSON (SERENO) ,.
WEBSTER U-). Gordon Castle
Gardens . .
WEIR(H.), Brenchley ,
WESTWOOD (Professor)
WILDSMITH (W,), Heckfield
Gardens . .
WILSON (G. F.), F.R.S.,
WILSON (D.)
WIPTMACK (Dr.). Berlin
WOLKENSTEI N,St, Petersburg
With many
Practical Gardening,
Foreign Correspondence,
Colonial Notes.
Colonial Notes.
Australian Plants.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Landscape Gardening,
Arboretum,
Foreign Correspondence,
Foreign Correspondence,
Practical Gardening.
Insects.
Foreign Correspondence.
•Diseases of Plants.
Floriculture.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Orchids
Fungi— Plant Diseases.
Foreign Correspondence.
Fungi— Plant Diseases.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Orchids.
Fruit Culture.
Bees.
Foreign Correspondence.
American Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening,
Electric Light.
Foreign Correspondence
Illustrations — Fungi,
Diseases of Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Orchid Culture.
Colonial Notes.
American Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Garden Botany.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Botany.
Practical Gardening.
Gardening for Amateius.
Insects.
Practical Gardening.
Lilies, &c.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Cotxespondence,
others.
1 90
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[August h, 1883.
THE GARDENER^ CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Line cJiar^ed as two.
4 Lines
B „
6 „
7 „
8 „
9 „
10 ,.
11 „
12 .,
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14 .,
.{.o
7 6
15 Lines
16 „
17 „
18 „
19 „
20 „
21 „
22 „
23 „
24 „
25 „
{.0
8
0
9
0
9
0
10
0
10
0
11
0
11
0
12
0
12
0
13
0
13
AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.
If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30^.
Page £.^ o o
Half Page 500
Column . . . . . . • • 3 5 o
GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words i^. 6^., and f}d. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the autJwrities and
returned to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, ^s. each insertion.
Advertiseme7its for the current week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.
AH Subscriptions payable In advance.
The United Kingdom ; 12 Months, £,x gi, lod. ; 6 Months,
x\s. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,
£i bs. tor 12 Months ; India and China, £,1 Zs. 2d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C, to W. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles.
Ill ■ ^^ --^^m.
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made »" materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCH EN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense, ^~T^
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUN 1 AINS. &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design,
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfnais, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories. Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies.
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles ir>great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L "v E il S~ AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
orTruckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered du-ect from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
TEN SILVER
AWARDED
MEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-supermare, Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER 'TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quaUty,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, xs.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SOWr,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
I2in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 2a in. by 18 in , in 16-oz.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases.
REGISTERED TUBULAR FLOWER
STAKES, 1 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINEES,
6 feet by 4 feet. is. td. each. SEED PROTECrORS, 3 feet
long, 6<i-;TRELLISING, from 2Krf. square foot. HURDLES,
from 35. ARCHES, from loj. POT STANDS, from 6j.
HANGING BASKETS from 6rf. GATES, FENCING;
NETTING, Sic. Illustrated LISTS on application.
BROOKES & CO., 4, Cateaton Street, Manchester.-Estab. 1769.
Under the Patronage of tlie Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon,
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.C.
TDAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
■^~^_ Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 leet. The largest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool.
CABSON'S PAINT.
Patronised by
HER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,
15,000 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUR.
I Cwt, and Oil Mixhire, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.
C ARSON 8,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON, E.G.;
BACHELOR'S WALK. DUBLIN ;
and S3. ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Cask.
WANTED, a Second-hand Lean-tO
GREENHOUSE, in good repair, with Heating Appa-
ratus, about 5 yards in length, width, and height, to correspond.
State price to
J. H. CALLADINE, Stationer, Atherstone.
ORMAL SCHOOL of SCIENCE and
ROYAL SCHOOL of MINES, South Kensington.
X't^a«— Professor Hu.XLEV. P.R.S.
Biology .. Professor Hu.vley, P.R.S.
Mining.. .. Prof vvarington Smyth, F.R.S.
Chemistry .. Prof. E. Frankland, F.R.S.
MfT^it«Sics'}P-'Goodeve,M.A.
Physics.. .. Prof. F. Guthrie, F.R.S.
Geology .. Prof. J W. Judd, F.R.S.
Metallurgv .. Prof. W. Chandler Roberts, F.R.S.
Astronomy .. Lecturer, J. Norman Lockyer, Esq , F.R.S.
Agriculture .. J. Wrightson, Esq , F.C.S.
Next Session begins October i.
Full particulars can be obt.-iined from the Registrar.
ONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street. Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ^200,000. — Reserve Fund, ;£75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ;Cto to
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alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
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barges, boats, and all avadabie securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds from ,;^5 per cent, from one
month to 15 years. No suteties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly prix-ate. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
?ersons introduciug business. No genuine proposal ever refused,
'ersonal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ;^25o,ooo per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
(Established 1867.)
SUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.C. ; Charing Cross, S.W. ;
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FIRE.— Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at
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LIFE. — Est.iblished iSio. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large Bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.
Accidents 1-64, ComMIl.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;^i.ooo,ooo.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ^250,000. Moderate Fremiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;^i,84o,ooo has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Ofhce, 64, Comhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
Farms, Estates, Residences.
Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the
MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on Stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name arid address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed '* Midland Counties
Her<zldOi(ice, Birmingham." The Midland Counties II erala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
\ Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.
Belgian.
BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-
NiCH. F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, 105. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.
EVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are ;— A. Allard,
E. Andre, C. Ballet, T. Euchetet, F. Burvenich, F. Ci6pin,
Comte de Gomer. De Jonge van Ellemeet, O- de Kerchove de
Deuterghem. P, E. de Puydt, C. de Vis, J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rot'igas. A. Siraux, O,
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.
This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Colotired Plate and numerous
Engravings.
Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
iij., payable in advance.
Publishing Office ; 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
at the Chief Post-office. Ghent.
&
COL. LOCKWOOD would be glad if AP-
PLICANTS for GARDENER'S SITUATION would
ACCEPT SILENCE as a negative to their offers.
WANTED, an experienced GARDENER.
Permanent situation. Seaside. Must underttand
Poultry and a Cow. If married state family. Wages 25J., wuh
good rooms, firing, and gas. Other perquisites. — J. R. NAY-
LAND. Rock Hotel. Margate.
WANTED, a GARDENER, to take the
Management of the Garden generally, and who
understands Growing Fruit, both in Orchard-house and in pots.
One man under him alt the year. State wages, and number in
family, with reference for character. — P., Haughley Paik,
SufTolk.
WANTED, as GARDENER, a thoroughly
practical working man, with good character, and experi-
ence in both Flower and Kuchen Gardening ; care of two cows
and poultry. Wages 215. per week and cottage. Wife must be
able to assist at Laundry and Kitchen Work.— Write, with full
particulars, to G. T. HINE, Esq., Wollaton, Nottingham.
ANTED, MAN and W1Fe7 without
children — man as Gardener, wife as Plain Cook and
to make herself useful, for a house near London. Wages
liberal. — Address, stating ages, and full particulars, to M. P„
Messrs. G. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C.
WANTED, an energetic young MAN, not
under 21, to take Charge of Conservatory, Vinery,
Peach-house, Three Plant-houses, &c. Must be a good Plaiits-
man (as the charge may shortly be considerably extended), and
good at House and Table Decoration, Bouquets, S:c, Aho
WANTED an active and willing young MAN, with some
experience in Plant and Fruit-houses, to assif^t with above. No
Eoihy at present. Lodgings can be had within a few minutes'
walk, — Apply by letter only, stating wages, experience, &c.,
with reference, to G. ABBEY, Paxton Park Gardens, St. Neot-^.
Herbaceous Plants.
WANTED, in a Provincial Nursery, a
respectable trustworthy MAN, thoroughly acquainted
with Herbacecus Plants and their Cultivation. — Send full par-
ticulars of age, where employed, experience, wages, and refer-
ence.s to NURSERYMAN, Messrs. Street Brothers, 5, Serle
Street, Lincoln's Inn, London, W.C.
WANTED, AT ONCE, a steady active
young MaN, used to General Indoor Nursery Work.
— Apply rersonallv at Mr. T. A. Dickson's Nuriery, 131, Acre
Lane. Brixton, S.W.
WANTED, a young MAN, in the Houses,
under the Foreman. Age not under 18. — State expe-
rience, waties expected, and full particulars, to W. NASH,
Bryngwyn, Hereford.
Seed Trade.
WANTED, as CLERK and BOOK-
KEEPER, a thoroughly experienced man, able to
take Control of Office, Unexceptional references required. —
A. F., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.
ANTED, an experienced COUNTER-
MAN, who has been accustomed to, and responsible
for the correct execution of orders. Wages 30J. per week to
commence with. — Address, with full particu'ars as to age and
experience, B. & S., 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
August ii, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
191
Shopman, Junior.
WANTED, a young MAN, as above. State
particulars of experience, age, aod salary expected. —
B. A., Robert Cooper, Southwark Street, London, S E.
ANTED, for a first-class Florist's
Business, a young Lady as IMPROVER.— Apply, by
letter only, stating age, experience and salary required, to
W. BALCHIN, Silhvood Conservatory, 87, Western Road,
Brighton.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-ofUce Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
G
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, are in a position
to recommend a thorounlily competent man as GARDENER,
or as GARDENER and BAILIFF, to any Nobleman or
Gentleman requiring such.
Tji G. HENDERSON AND SON
JLJ • have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and good character waiting re-engagements
as HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticulars to any Noblem;in or Gentleman rcquirmg such. — Pine-
apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W.
I C H AR D SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly re ceiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they win be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent tither to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N.
ffO NURSERYMEN and LANDSCAPE
X GARDENERS.— To Superintend the Laying out of
Public Parle or Private Garden. First-class abilities and
references.— T. B,, 12, York Rise, N.W.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married ;
experienced. Good references. — A. H., 2, Fordington,
Dorchester, Dorset.
GARDENER (Head).— Experienced in all
branches. Two years' character from last place. — J. R. C,
J. B Martin, Knight's Hill, Lower Norwood. Surrey, S.E.
C ^ARDENER (HEAD), where more are kept.
•^ — Age 27, married ; excellent testimonials from present
and previous situations. —J. E., Scampston Gardens, Rillingtcn,
Voik.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 28; fourteen
years' good practical experience in all branches of the
profession. Good character from present and previous employers.
— J. DALE, The Gardens. Possingwonh, Hawkhurst.
GARDENER (HEAD); age 32, married—
Mrs. Mark Wood, of Bishop's Hall, is anxious to
recommend her Gardener, R. Perkins, who is leaving through
breaking up the establishment. Sixteen years' practical ex-
perience in some of the largest establishments. — Colonel
LOCKWOOD. Bishop's Hall. Romford. Essex.
(TJ-ARDENER (Head).— H. W. Ward,
^■« Gardener to the Earl of Radnor, Longford Castle, Salis-
bury, can, with every confidence, recommend his Foreman, H.
Maikham, who has been with him two and a half years, to any
Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a first-raie
Gardener, First> class reference as to character and ability.
GARDENER (Head); age 30.— C. Blick,
Foreman at Hayes Place Gardens, Hayc;, Beckenham,
Kent, having had fourteen years' good practical experience in
all branches of the profession, desires an engagement in the
above capacity to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good
practical man. Highly recommended by present and previous
empIoyers.~C. BUCK, as above.
/TJ-ARDENER (Head), where several men
^-^ are kepi) ; middle-aged, married, with only one child (a
daughter, 10 years old) —George H. Richari^s, late Head
Gaidener, Chetwynd Park, is at liberty to engage wiili any
Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical gar-
dener. Has had extensive practice in Forcing all kinds of
Fruits, Flowers (Orchids included), and Vegetables. Is very
efhcient as Flower and Kitchen Gardener, and understands
Land and Stock. Testimonials of the highest order. —Address to
the care of James Dickson & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester.
GARDENER (Head); age 33, married, on^
boy (eight years).— T. Osman, for the last six years
Head Gardener and Orchid Grower to the late R. B. Dodg^on,
Esq , will be pleased to treat with any Nubleman or Gentleman
requiring ihe services of a thorouehly practical Gardener. He
IS well known to be a highly successful Grower and Exhibitor
of Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. ; is well versed
m the Culture of Hi^h-class Fruits and the General Manage-
ment of a large Establishment ; in proof of which the highest
le.-^timoniak will be produced.— T. OSMAN, Wroxall Abbey
Gardens, Hatton, near Warwick.
ni ARDENER (He.\d, Working).— Age 28,
V^ married ; thoroughly practical. 'I hree years' character.
—A. S., Putney House, Putney, S.W.
(^ARDENER (Head Working).— Middle-
J^ aRed, mained, one son (age 12) ; thoroughly competent.
Iwelve years character from present employer.— A. B Rlr
_5urmaii, Florist, Witney, 0.xon. '
rj.ARDENER (Head), or ^IjRCHrD
V--" . GROWER -Age 30, single: has had thirteen years"
practica experience in some of the largest Collections of Orchids
in England. -W, MAY, Selby Oak Institute, Selby Oak
ifirmingham.
GARDENER (Head, or good Single-
iiANDEo).— Age 32, unmarried ; five years in last situa-
tion.— W. M., J09, Pitsmoor Road, Pitsmoor, Sheffield.
C:j.ARDENER.— Age 26, single; practical;
-^ understands Vines, Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen
Garden. Good character.— A. ALLWOOD, Brighton Place,
Lodge Road, Harborne, near Birmingham.
GARDENER.— Mr. Smith, Culford Gardens,
Bury St. Edmund's, will be glad to recommend his
Foreman, Charles Baker, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring
tliij services of a thorouph good practical Gardener, of very
steady and persevering habits. Has been with him three years,
and can be well recommended,
C^ ARDENER, good Single-handed or
-^ otherwise. — Age 31, married, no family ; understands all
branches, Vines, &c. Good ch.iracter. — X. Y., i6j Queen's
Road West, Chislehurst, Kent.
GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, or Other-
wise). — Age 27 ; fouitecn' years experience in all
branches of Gardening. Seven years* gnod character. — A. P.,
32, Garvan Road, Greyhound Road. Fulham New Town, W.
GARDENER (Second), in a good establish-
ment ; inside and out. Leaving for improvement, with
excellent character. — HEAD GARDENER, The Gardens,
Glenhurst, Esher, Surrey.
GARDENER (UNDER, or SINGLE-HANDED).
— Age 23; two years' reference. — G. L. , High Street,
Chalvey, near Siough.
GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed).
— Age 24 ; willing to be useful. Twelvemonths' good
character. — A. B., 10, Hope Terrace, Ealing Dean, Middlesex.
GARDENER (Under). — Age 22. Bothy
preferred. References of the highest order. — J. PEGG,
Royal Leamington Nurseries, Learning! m, Warwickshire.
G
:;.ARDENER (Under). —Age
years in present situation. — G. HOWES, Hornchurch,
near Romford.
GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's
place. — Age 2f ; nearly two years' good character from
last place.— J". W., Mrs. Ellis, Hayes. Bcckenham. Kent,
/^ARDENER (Under), in a private estab-
V_^ lishment. — Age 20 ; accustomed 10 Indoors and Kitchen
Garden work, Pleasure Grounds, &c. Good character from
last situation.— W. H , West End, Esher, Surrey.
GARDENER (Tjnder), in a good establish-
ment.—The Gardener, Burley Lodge, Newbury, Berks,
can with confidence recommend a young man as above. Strictly
steady and an excellent workman.
GARDEN ER (Under), or JOURNEY-
MAN, in the Houses.. — Age 22 ; eight years' experience ;
two years* good character from present situation. — CHAS.
SURMAN, High Street, Witney. Oxon.
('Z^^ARDENER (Under), or GARDEN
V>* LABOURER.— Age 29 ; married, no family. Able and
willing. Good references.— S. D., Mrs. Peckham, Dry Hill,
Tunbridge, Kent.
FOREMAN.— Age 25 ; thorough knowledge
of Vines, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c.
First-class references. — F. BIBLE, Woodfield. Stevenage
Herts.
Tj^OREMAN, in a good establishment ;
-L age 25 — Alfred ToMALiN can with confidence recom-
mend a young man as above. Four years' good character from
last situation.- The Gardens, Oakwood. Crayford, Kent.
Ij^OREMAN.— W. Swan, Oakley, Fallow^
field, Manchester, will be glad to recommend a young
man as above. Has a good general knowledge of the profes-
sion. Excellent references.— Address as above, or T. LEWIS,
Tynycoed, Arthog, Dolgelly.
TpOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26, single ;
-L understands Forcing, Propagating, Fruit and Plant
Growing in all branches. Can be highly recommended from
previous situation. State wages. &C.—C. DUMPER, Church
Road, Highfield, Southampton.
To Nurserymen.
FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR,
or GROWER of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants. — Middle-
aged ; thoroughly acquainted with Market Work in general,
and a successful Grower ot Mignonette. Total abstainer.—
W. T., 4, Edith Villas, Raynham Road, Edmonton.
IVfURSERY FOREMAN.— Good experience
-^^ in Management of Glass and Men. Sober, industrious
honest. Good references —FOSTER, g. Ryder Terrace,
Amyand Park, Twickenham, Middlesex.
URSERY FOREMAN.— Age 30 ; sixteen
years' practical experience in all branches, bjth Indcor
and Out, in London and Provincial Nurseries. First-cta.ss
testimonials. — FOREMAN, 2, Thatched Cottage, Eaton Park
Norvnch.
GENERAL FOREMAN, or GROWErT^
Age 34 ; well up in all branches Inside and Out, Wreaths,
Bouquets, :)eedi, Decorating, &c. Good reference. — F., Mid-
Surrey Nurseries, Benhill Street, Sutton, Surrey.
ROPAGATOR and FOREMAnIindoor),
Cut Flower and General Nursery Work.— Age 30,
mirried. English experience. References excellent. —
ALPHA, 22, Friars' Walk, Cork.
To Nuxseirmen.
PROPAGATOR, or FOREMAN and PRO-
PAGATOR of Fruits, Roses. Conifers, Shrubs ; great
success in the Propagation and Growing of above. Long expe-
rience ; first-class reference. —T. GOUGH, Bozward Street,
St. John's, Worcester.
PrIdI^GATOR, or PROPAGATOR and
foreman.— Middk-.aged; experienced.— R. WORK-
MAN, 10, Boone Street, Lee, S.E.
To NnrBsrymen
NURSERY MANAGER.— The Advertiser
is open to an engagement as above ; has had twenty-
five years' practic.il experience, and possesses the highest
references ; would take the Management of Glass, Herbaceous,
and Alpine Degnrtment (in which he is well up) in a large
concern — R. B. \V., 16, Market Place, Kendal.
NURSERY MANAGER~or FOREMAN.—
Thorough good Propagator and Plantsman ; experienced
in Decorating, Bouquet Wuik, and all branches of the trade.
First-class testimonials. — A. HLMSLEV, Knowefield Nur-
series, Carlisle.
ROPAGATOR, in a Nursery. — Single ;
good experience. Can be well recommended. Perma-
riCQcy required. — C. S., Lington House, East Moltsey, Surrey.
To Nurserymen.
PROPAGATOR (Soft-wooded).— Age 40 ;
well up in Growing Piants and Flowers for Market.
Good Rose Rudder. Three years' character. — A., Rose
Cottage, Maindee, Newport, Mon.
OURNEYMAN (First), in a good estab-
lishment.— Age 23 ; good references from past and present
place. Total abstainer. Bothy preferred. — G. H., High Leigh
Gardens, Hoddesdon, Herts.
OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24 ;
seven years* experience. Two years' good character. —
J, R., 3, Clementhorpe. York.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
t) establishment,— Age 22; two years' good character.— E.
B , The Cottage, Church Row, Chislehurst, Kent.
TOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
^ Age 21 ; seven years' experience in good situations. Can
be well recommended.— E. SMITH, Thorpe, Tamworth,
Staffordshire.
TOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.—
t/ Age 21 : six years" first-class character from Shioley Hall
Gardens, Derby, and Keele Hall Gardens, Staffordshire.
Bothy preferred.— J. BURROWS, Maperley, near Derby.
To Gentlemen's Gardeners.
IMPROVER, in a gooii establishment.— Age
16.— J. A., Wellington Nursery, St. John's Wood, N.W.
TMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentle-
-*■ man's Garden. — Age 19 ; five years' experience. Small
Premium given — H.W. HERMOSA, Middle Woodfield Road,
Torquay.
TMPROVER, in a good establishment, in the
-A- Houses.— Age ?o ; five years' experience. Indoors and Out.
Good character. Premium ^5. Please state wages and par-
ticulars. — LEWIS DEIGHTON. Shopwhyke House, near
Chichester.
O GENTLEMEN and GROWERS for
MARKET. — Mr. W. Cale can recommend a thoroughly
competent man of many years' experience to Manage a Large
Piace, and Grow for Market. Fruit, Tomavos, Cucumbers,
Orchids, and Plants for Cut Flowers, &c.— 4, Tavistock Row.
Covent Garden. W.C. *
O NURSEYMEN and SEEDSMEN.—
A Gentleman (age 38). with first-clasi references, is in
want of a situation. Could Manage a Business.- A. B., Mr.
Homer, 6, Broad Street, Biimingham.
nnO HEAD GARDENERS.~A young man
-* (a^e 21) requires a situation under a Head Gardener.
Seven years' character in present situation. — SEYMOUR
CHAPMAN, Ravenfield Park. Rotherham.
'PO SEEDSMEN.— A young man desires a
J- situation in the Seed business; four years' experience-
good references —A. MALVERN. Mr. Clare, Cotswold Seed
Warehouse, Cheltenham
•yO SEEDSMEN.-ANurseryman is desirous
-L of placing his son (nearly 16), who has received a good
education, with a good Rtlail Seed Firm, in order to Learn the
Seed Trade in detail, and to reside with the proprietor. A fair
Premium for a suitable engagement would be readily agreed to.
Address letter with particulars to G. J., care of Messrs. Hurst
& Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.
SHOPMAN.— Age 25 ; thorough experience
in all branches of the trade. Good references.— A. B.
44, London Road, Nottingham. '
SPIOPMAN.- Age 23; welluplnThe Retail
Seed and Bulb Trade ; eight years* experience. Highly
recommended.— A. B., 3, Park Terrace, Cavendish Road,
Balham, S.W.
SHOPMAN, &c.— Age 24 ; several years'
experience in various branches of the Seed Trade ; also
Bouquets. Wreaths, &c., and Fruits. Good references', and
satisfactory reasons for leaving present situation.— C. S. W.,
158, Stricklandgate, Kendal.
irrOLLOWAY'SOINTMKNTand PILLS.—
J-J- Sudden changes of temperature sorely try all persons
prone to Rheumatism. Sciatica, Tic Doloreux. and muny similar
maladies scarcely less painful, though of shorter duration. On
the first attack of siiffoess or suffering in any muscle, joint, or
nerve, recourse should immediately be had to fomenting the
seat of disease with hot brine and rubbing in this remarkable
Ointment, which will assuage the uneasiness of the part, subdue
infliinmation, and reduce the swelling. The Pills, simullareously
taktn, will rectify constitutirnal disturbances and renew the
stiength. No remedy heretofore discovered has proved so
effective as the Ointment and Pills for removing Gouty, Rheu-
matic, and Scrofulous attacks, which afflict all ages, and are
commonly called hereditary.
Cure of Asthma of Twenty Years' Standing by
DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS.
— From Mr, Ward, Stationer, &c.. Market Place. Heck-
mondwike :— "One person in Liversedge, James Rich.irdson,
who has been an asthmatical man for twenty years, declares
that they are worth £,\ a box (using his own words). He feels
quite a new man through this truly valuable medicine." They
instantly relieve and rapidly cure Asthma, Consumption,
Coughs, Bronchitis, Colds, Gout, Rheumatism, and all Nervous
Complaints. Th?y taste pleasantly. Sold by all Druggists at
■ir. \%d, and 2S. qd. per box.
192
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August ir, 18831
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposesi
Illustrated CATALOGUE, \d,th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Patent Reliance Eotary Valves.
Price IS. stitched.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS.
A POPULAR EXPLANATION OF THE BEST METHOD OF CULTURE.
By WILLIAM EARLEY.
Fourth Edition. Price is.
ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS.
By rev. O. fisher.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
of every description con-
"~ structed, erected, fitted,
mf" " -"" — i^J— ^i6^lli^te---t and heated.
r — I — r
_Da UlEyilT.H.P.DennisiCo.,
rO
Mansion House Buildings,
^ London, EC.
Works : Chelmsford.
Crown Zvo, with Coloured Frontispiece. Price ^s. 6d.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A HANDY MANUAL FOR THE IMPROVED CULTIVATION OF ALL VEGETABLES.
By WILLIAM EARLEY, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c.
A New Edition. Fcap. Cloth. Price 7^
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN.
A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE MANAGEMENT AND ADORNMENT
OF GARDENS OF EVERY SIZE.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Puhlisher," at the Office, 41, Wellingion Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C
Printed by WillIaM Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradpurv, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars. City of London, in ihe County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, August 11, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinbureh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
e0tal)list)eti 1841.
No. 503.— Vol. X X. { ser^.L } SATURDAY, AUGUST 18, 1883. {
Registered at the General ) Price 6d.
Post-office 35 a Newspaper, j"posT-FREE, s{J.
CONTENTS.
Annuals
2t4
Orchids, list of garden ..
Bees and Monk's-hood ..
213
OteleyPark
Begonias, luberoiis
an
P.traguay, useful plants
Campanula Tommastni
212
m
Candvtiifts
iq8
Pea Laxton's Standard ..
Cindytiift. a new
210
Peas, new garden
Chii-eau de Gonville
199
Peaches and Nectarines
Cephalonia, the vegeia-
Peristeria ephippiuni
lion of . .
217
Pt.tnt and fruit house ..
Chrysanthemum corym-
Plants and ihtir culture
bosum ..
2CO
„ hardy
Clematis Jackmanni
210
,, in flower
Cosbxa coccinea . .
2 to
,, new garden
Cranberries
214
Potato crop, the . .
Dahlias at South Ken-
Raspberry, the hybrid ..
sington
208
Rhaponticum cynarioides
Dasylirion glaucum
210
Rose Queen of Queens
Flower shows, successful
208
Shipley Hall ..
Fruit ctops in Mid-
Sol), poisoned
lothian . .
213
Societies : —
Fruit Notes
206
Atheistone Horticul-
Fangi. yeast
2ori
tural
Gladioli, new varieties of
210
Royal Horticultural . .
Hedychium coronarium
2jrt
Scottish Hotticuhural
Herbaceous border
Stratton Park
Kitchen garden ..
205
Sweet Pea, a new
Lilium auratum ..
214
Tarquin and his Lilies . .
Lycaste Smeeana
198
Turnips
Melons and Cucumbers..
207
Veitchia Joannis ..
Mignonette
210
Veronica parviflora
Moot, the
200
Viguiera ngida
Novelties
24
Virginia Water ..
Odontoglossom velleum
ir,8
Wenher. the
Onions, Continental
215
Wild flowers at shows . .
Orchid notes
2C6
Wild plants near Bristol
Orchids, British . .
202
Yeast fungi
ILLUSTF
JVTIONS.
Armeria cephalotes var. braolea
ta
Chrysanthemum corymbo
Veitchia Joannis
904
216
215
2n
503
21 7
joS
aio
2-7
205
199
214
2tl
208
211
208
214
210
205
211
211
216
21S
208
201
203
213
90t
209
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made jiayable at
DRURY LANE.
Now Beady, In clotb, I6s.,
7"//£ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
J- VolumeXIX., JANUARY to JUNE, 1883.
W. RICHARDS, 4t. Wellinatcn Street, Strand, W.C.
R Y S T A L PALACE.
GREAT ANNUAL FRUIT and DAHLIA SHOW,
FRIDAY and SATURDAY, August 31 and September i.
Schedules on application to
W. G. HEAD. Garden Superintendent.
ALNE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—
In connection with the ANNUAL SHOW of thi\
SOCIETY, held in Bowood Park, on AUGUST 23, there w.ll
be a GRAND ROSE SHOW. when, amongst other PKIZEf,
a FIVE POUND CUP will be oflercd for competition. ^or
Schedules and all particulars apply to
FRED. C. HENLY,
HERBERT J. HARRI.":,
• Hon. S cs.
SANDY and DISTRICT FLORAL and
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETV.-Open Show.-The
FIFTEENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION of Fl.OWERS.
FRUIT, VEGETABLES. CAGE BIRDS. POULTRY aid
PIGEONS, will he held at Sandy. Bedfordshire, on FRIDAY.
August 31. Prizes ONE HUNDRED and SEVENTY
POUNDS. Ten Stove and Greenhouse Plants in Flower— ist
prize, £,\Q\ 2d prize, ;£6. Schedules on application to
WILLIAM GREEN, Secretary, Sandy.
THE INTERNATIONAL POTATO
EXHIBITION will be held at the CRYSTAL PALACE,
Sydenham. S.E . on SEPTEMBER 13 and t4, when PRIZES
amounting to ONE HUNDKEDand FORTY POUNDS will
be otTered. For Schedules apply to
P. J. McKINLAY, Headley Lodge. Perge, S.E.
In the Hlgli Court of Justice, Chancery Division.^
Mr. JusTlcp. Chittv,
In the Matter of the Companies Acts, 1862 and 1867. and
In the Matter of the General Horticultural Company (John
Wills), Limited.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN
that Mr. Justice Chitty has fi-ved WEDNESDAY, the
32d day of August. 1S83, at i2.3orM, at the Chambers of the
Vice-chancellor Bacon, Royal Courts of Justice, Strand,
Middlesex, as the time and place for the app:)intment of an
Official Liquidator of the above named Company.
Dated this gth day of August. 1883.
JOHN WM. HAWKINS, Chief Clerk.
A. TOOVEY, 18, Orchard Street, Porlman Square, W.,
Solicitor.
Double White Sweet Scented
ARCISSUS BULBS for SALE, ^i per
icoo. Apply to
T. MILLS, Market Gdrdencr, Chiswick, Middlesex.
N'
fNLAND PARCELS POST.
s
UTTONS' SEEDS BY
)ARCELS POST.
OEED ORDERS EXECUTED
QAME DAY as received by
aUTTON AND SONS, READING.
For Early Flowering In Spring Sow now
ROEMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES.—
Assortment of 18 splendid varieties, containing each
one packet, zr. kd. \ Fancy, choicest mixed from named flowers,
per oz. Sr., per packet 6d. ; Show, choicest mixed from named
flowers, per oz. 5r., per packet 6(/. Carefully saved from
named Exhibition flowers, lo-.o seeds 2r , per packet iid.
GIGANTIC-FLOWERED PRIZE VARIETIES, remark-
able for the large flowers they produce, icoo seeds 85., per
packet i^.
My Pansies gave full satisfaction to all my honourable Cus-
tomers, and rst prizes awarded wherever exhibited.
Full Trade CATALOGUE post-free on application.
FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany.
OUILEGIA GLANDULOSA
(Origor's Variety).— 10,000 to offer. Plants to bloom next
spring, 15J. per 100 ; smaller, 105. Seed, just collected, zr. ^d.
and IS. per packet. Usual discount to the Trade.
R, AND A. MORRISO.^. The Nurseries. Elgin.
REEFERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
ORCHIDS. — We invite intending Purchasers
to pay us a visit and inspect our Houses.
The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63.
Tea Roaes-Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on .ipplicaiion to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
oflTer HERBACEOUS PLANTS, DAHLIAS. single and
double; PVRETHRUMS. single and double ; PHLOXtSaod
TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
Hyacinths. Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
RH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials.
Post-free on application.
chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston. Birmingham.
Lselia purpurata
WF. COFF, 203, Upper Street, Islington,
• N., offers good pieces ot LyELfA PURPURATA.
51. each ; a itw hui dreds, !>maller, at r2j. per dozen.
To the Horticultural Trade and others.
WILLIAM DEN MAN, HORTICULTURAL
Agent. Covent Garden, W C.. will be phased to
receive Commissions from Continental and Provincial Nursery-
mtn and others, in any matters connected with Horticulture.
Large quaniides of LILY of the VALLEY. SPIRAEAS,
Palms, and numerous other stock, to offer at low prices.
Special offers on application.
ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM^
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market^
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
ANTED, CUTTINGS of the following
PELARGONIUMS :-Robt. Fish, Mrs. Wright. Hemi
Jacoby, Newland's Mary. White Clipper. Amaranth, and Mad.
Chas. K,",nig, D chess of Bedford and Duchess of Edinburgh,
Price per 100 to CHAS. BENNETT, Besborough, Cork.
ANTED, CUTTINGS ofVesuvius,Silver-
leaved, Pink, White, Tricolor, and Bronze GE RAN I-
NiUMS. State lowest price per too to
The MANAGER, The Nurseries, New Beckenham, Kent.
WANTED, 600 5-inch and 400 6-inch
FLOWER POTS, rough make, for market purpcses.
Delivered free for cash to Troon Station, Ayrshire.
PETER COCKBURN. The Gardens Batassie.
ANTED, PEACHES, NECTARINES,
PINES, MELONS, GRAPES, TOMATOS, &c.
Also EUCHARlS.Marechal Niel ROSES. ORCHIDS. &c
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden. 1
)ARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SEEDS.
PARCELS POST.-
Carriage free.
-CARTERS' SEEDS
PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SPECIAL
ORDER ROOMS and Parcels Post-office now open.
ARCELS POST.— CARTERS'^PEcTaL
VANS aiid TRUCKS will deliver parcels hourly duritg
the day to the Post-office.
"pARLY FORCING BULBS.
TAMES CARTER AND CO. have RE
O CEIVED THEIR FIRST CONSIGNMENTS ofth
above in splendid condition. See Advertisement on page 197.
CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by
Royal Commar^d to H.R H the Prince of Wales.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C.
N
Double Waite Sweet Scented
ARCISSUS BULBS for SALE
tooo. Apply to
li per
T. MILLS, Market Gardener, Chiswick, Middlesex,
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from xis. to 241. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
PINES. — To be sold, cheap, good clean stock
including Queens, Jamaicas, smooth-leaved Cayennes
and C. Rothschilds— 4^4 dozen Fruttiog, 5 dozen Successions 12
months old. and 6 dozen suckers 6 months old. Apply to
Mr. JOHNSTON, The Gardens. West Lavant. Chichester.
OINSETTIA PULCHEKRIMA, at 20j.
per 100, ;£8 per looo : now ready for 48's.
SMITH AND LARKE, Ashford, Middlesex.
DIANTU'm GRACILLIMUM, very large
plants, in 24-pots. full of matured fronds, for furnishing
or to cut from. ^or. per dozen ; cheaper per hundred.
T. JANNOCH, Lily Nursery, Der.ingham, Norfolk.
Now In Full Bloom.
JOHN LAING AND CO.'S TUBEROUS
O BEGONIAS. Gold Medal Collection, are the grandest floral
display in the kingdom. Show houses freely open to Visitors.
Railway Stations— Catford Bridge. 5 minutes' walk : Forest
Hill, 15 minutes to Stanstead Park Nursery, Forest Hill.
Boses on Onn Roots.
REINE MARIE HENRIETTE,
NIPHETOS, ISABELLA SPRUNT, RfiVE DOR,&c.
Strong plants, 12 to 15 inches high. 71. per dozen, or 4 for ar. kd.^
carriage paid.
MAIRIS AND CO., Wcston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, Sc.
CG. VAN TUBERGhN, Jun., Haarlem,
• Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready and
may be had 00 application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 25, S.ivage Gardens,
Crutched Friars, London. E.C.
Dutch Bulbs at Wholesale Prices.
BEFORE PURCHASING YOUR BULBS
send for my PRICE LIST of Maiket Varieties of
TULIPS and HYACINTHS. Over a Quiiter of a Million
Bulbs now in stock, and fur Quality and Cheapness not to be
surpassed.
GEORGE POULTON, Fountain Nursery, Angel Road,
Edmonton.
FECIAL INVITATION.— Our Nurseries
bting noiv at their best, are open to all who may be
interested in the cultivation of Fruit Trees and Roses.
The journey from London is an easy one, by the Great
Eastern Railway to the Harlow or Sawbridgewonh Station.
THOMAS RIVERb anu SON". Sawbrtrtgew-rih. Herts.
HITE CLOVES for FORCING.— loooo
of tte Hybrid White Clove (Mrs. Sinking), large, bushy
stuff, i-\r. old, transplanted, ts.. 9;., and \ts. per dozen. The
Trade supplied. Cash 1 r suitable txchange.
W. NEALE.Taplow. Bucks.
East Lothian Intermediate Stocks.
THOMAS METHVEN and SONS
beg to tffer their choice strain of the above, in four colouts,
viz.. Scarlet, Purple, While, and Crimson, at li. , 2i. hd , and 5*.
each colour. Price to the Trade on application.
15. Princes Sueet, Edinburgh.
TRAWBEKRIES,— We are now prepared
to supply strong healthy Plants, from ground and in
pots, of all the most approved kinds. A seUct descriptive
LIST post-free on application.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth, Herts.
S^TRAWBERRvTRUNNERS.^rom Twenty
Choice Varieties, Price LIST on application. Sample box
of plants with fruit, ii,d. " Manual on Strawberry Culture," 6</.
W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.
194
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Roman Hyacinths and Euoharls Candida.'
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will include in their first BULB SALE at their Room?,
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.G., on MONDAY. August 20, 3000 fine
Roman HYACINTHS, and 300 fresh imported bulbs cf
EUCHARIS CANDIDA, true.
Monday and Thursday Next.
DUTCH BULBS.— SPECIAL TRADE SALES.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on IMONDAY and THURS-
DAY NEXT, at half-past ri o'Clock precisely each day, exten-
sive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CKOCU3,
NARCISSUS, and other ROOTS from Holland, of the best
quality, and lotted specially to suit the Trade and other large
buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Friday Next.
CATTLEYA TRIANjE ALBA.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have been instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by
AUCTION, at their Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.C. (next door but one to Bennett's clock), on FRIDAY
NEXT, August 24, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a very
fine importation nl CATTLEYA TRIAN.E ALBA, UNCI-
DIUM KRAMERIANUM, BURLINGTONIA DECORA,
CATTLEYA INTERMEDIA varieties, ODONTOGLOS-
SUM ALEXANDR/E, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Southgate, N,— By Order of the Trustees.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The
Nursery, Chase Side Cottage, opposite the "Crown Inn,"
Old Southgate, N., about twenty minutes' walk from Palmer's
Green Station, on WEDNESDAY, August 20. at i o'Clock,
without reserve, the erections of ir GREENHOUSES, con-
taining about 10 ODD feet of Glass and Woodwork, aSco feet of
4-inch Hot-water Piping, 3 BOILERS, BRICKWORK, and
effects.
May be viewed the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues had at
the " Crown Inn," and of the Anctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.C. and 8, New Bioad Street, E.C.
Clearance Sale, Upper HoUoway, N.
To GENTLEMEN, FLORISTS, and OTHERS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Francis C. Boff, who is disposing
of his ground for building purposes, to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, The Nursery, Magdala Road, Upper
Holloway, N.. close to the' " Archway Tavern," on WEDNES-
DAY, September 5, at u o'Clock punctually, without reserve,
the whole of the GREENHOUSE PLANTS, it newly erected
GREENHOUSES, thousands of feet of 3 and 4-inch Hot-
water PIPING, BOILERS, some thousands of BRICKS,
upwards of 103 LIGHTS, nearly new PITS, BOXES, and
UTENSILS in trade, &c.
On view previous to Sale. Catalogues had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
■Wednesday Next.
DUTCH BULB?, &c— SPECIAL TRADE SALE.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, August
22, at halfpast r2 o'clock precisely, i3 cases of first-class
Double ai;d Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES,
NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, and early ROMAN
HYACINTH.'^, just received from well known farms iu Holland,
in lots to suit the Trade and private buyers ; also a consignment
of BULBS from Germany, few GREEN HOUSE PLANTS,
quantity of GARDEN IMPLEMENTS, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next, August 23.
TWO NEW and BEAUTIFUL ORCHIDS.
ODONTOGI.OSSUM VELLEUM, PERISTERIA
EPHIPPIUM.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans, to SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, Kmg Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT. August 23, at half-
past 12 o'Clock precisely, the entire lot living of ODONTO-
GLOSSUM VELLEUM and PERISTERIA EPHIPPIUM.
both from Peru, and both are very beautiful novelties ; also
CATTLEYAS. a fine lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX-
ANDR.-T:, and other ORCHIDS ; alsoa fine lot of CATTLEYA
AMETHYS'TINA, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Saturday Next.
TITITCH RTTTR^
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on SATURDAY, August 25, at halfpast 12
o'clock preci.sely, a Large consignment of first-class DOUBLE
and SINGLE HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES,
NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, early white
ROMAN HYACINTHS, &c,, just received from well known
faims in Holland, in lots to suit all buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
The Wood Green Nursery and Potteries, Waltham
ABBEY, ESSEX.— WITHOUT RESERVE.
The entire stock of GREENHOUSE and OTHER PLANTS,
including 3500 I\Iaidenhair and other Ferns, several
choice specimen Azaleas, Camellias, Stephanotis, Gar-
denias, Eucharis, Euphorbias, Spirsea Roots, &c. : also
many hundred Casts of FLOWER POTS, FLOWER
POT STANDS. SEED PANS, &c.
MR, S. CHETWOOD will SELL the above
by AUCTION, on the Premises, on WEDNESDAY
and THURSDAY NEXT, August 22 and 23, at 10 for n
o'clock each day.
Catalogues of the Auctioneer, Waliham Abbey,
FOR SALE, SIDCUP HILL NURSERY,
Foot's Cray, Kent. Established over fifty years, and
widely famous for the culture of Ferns. In consequence of
the death (wiihout issue) of the late Mr. Robert Sim, the Stock,
Leases, business Structures, &c., of this Nursery are to be
immediately disposed of.
For particulars apply to Miss SIM, at the above address.
FOR SALE, a NURSERY and FLORIST
BUSINESS, in the North of Scotland. The Grounds
extend to ii acres, held on ii years leases, the greater part of
the terms being unexpired. The subjects include 3 Green-
houses, with Hot-water Appliances, and a number of Frames.
The Stock, which is in first-class condilion, consists of several
millions of Seedling and Transplanted Forest Trees (for the
prime quality of which the nursery is well-known), Ornamental
and Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Bushes, and Flowers of every descrip-
tioD. The sale is rendered necessary by dissolution of partner-
ship, and pfTers a splendid opportunity for acquiring a good
going established business.
Funher particulars from GRIGOR and YOUNG, Sohcitors,
Elgin, N.B.
FARMS, Kent (near Dartford), rich deep
Loamy Soils suitable ftr Market Gardening, Fruit
Growing, Hops, &c. Fine Corn Land. 224 acres— 60 acres
together or separate, and 192 acres respeciiveiy.
Further particulars of Messrs. BUCKLAND and SONS,
Land Agents, Auctioneers, &c., 11, Adam Street, Strand,
London, W.C., and Windsor.
Lunesdale, North Lancashire.
TO LET, Furnished, or Partially, a Complete,
Small, Old-fashioned HOMESTEAD, good Garden,
small Greenho\ises— all in good condition. Near church, staiion,
post ; good society, good fishing. Country beautiful. Address,
C. K. MFLLING, Carn^orth.
Kent.
Station (S.E.R.) 10, London 35 minutf f.
TO BE LET, 30 Acres of matured Orchard,
Grass, and Market Garden LAND, with or without
Residence.
K. N. 64, Messrs. Deacon's, 154, Leadenhall St., London, E.C.
In Kent.
TO BE LET, a well stocked NURSERY
and FRUIT PLANTATION. Good soil. Lease.
Rent and Taxes low. The reason, partner through ill-healih
going abroad ; or a PARTNERSHIP if preferable. Eighteen
miles from Lordon.
Apply. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, New Broad
Street, E.C.
PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horti-
cultural Market GAKrEN and Estate Auctioneers
and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.G., ar.d at Leyion-
stone, E. Monibly Horticultural Register had on application.
TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass. White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
D
UTCH BULBS.
D
IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, Nurserymen,
Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland.
Before ordering Dutch Bulbs, read Ant, Roozen & Son's
CATALOGUii; lor 1883, which , their Agents. Messrs. MER-
TENS AND CO., 5, Billiter Square, London, E.G., will forward
Post-free on application.
URICULAS, CALCEOLARIAS, CINE-
RARIAS, PRIMULAS, strong plants, carriaee free,
IJ. 3</. per dozen, ^s. 6,i per roo Double WALLFLOWERS,
strong. IS. per dozen.— The PENNY PLANT AND SEED
COMPANY, East Dereham, Norfolk.
SPIRyEA PALMATA, for Forcing.-The
finest crowns grown are offered to the Trade at loj., 151.,
20J., and 25J'. per too.
CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.
O BE SOLD, CHEAR— 100 CROTONS
in varieties — plants from i foot to 3 feet. Also 100
D RAC^N AS, from 6 inches to tS inches, all well coloured. The
above must be sold for want of room. Full particulars will be
sent as to varieties and sizes.
HY. NOBLE, Paradise Nurseries, Boston Spa, Yorkshire.
Wholesale Bull) Catalogue.
W ATKINS AND SIMPSON, Wholesale
Sfedsmen and Bui.n Merchants, Exeter Street,
Strand, W.C. Their Wholesale BULB CATALOGUE is no*
resdy and may be had on application. Contains prices of Lily
of the Valley crowns or clumps, American and African Tube-
roses, Double and Smgle Snowdrops, Winter Aconites, Spira;.!,
many sons of Narciss. Tulip?. Lilies, Gladioli, and all the
leading varieties of Dutch, English. French and Japanese Bulbs.
Special quotations for large quantities.
FLOWERING BULBS.
The Subscribers have received their first
large importation of EARLY FLOWERING
ROMAN HYACINTHS, N.'VRCISSUS, &c.
Qaallty extra fine and Pxioes low.
Early Orders solicited and Priced Descriptive Catalogues
free on amplication.
LITTLE & BALLANT-2NS,
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
CAKLISLE.
DANIELS'
WHITE ELEPHANT TBIPOIil.
The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference.
Seed, with complete Cultural Directions,
IS, 6d. per packet, post-free.
Daniels Bros. C'lSonS^"'), Norwich.
8PYER8' MEMORIAL FUND.
Committee.
William Lee, Esq., Downside, Leatherhead.
R. P. Percival, Esq., Cievelanris. Bukdale, Southpoit.
J. T. Peacock, Esq., Sudbury House, Hammersmith, W.
Dr. Pater!-on, Bridge of Allan.
Mr. Harry Veitch, Royal Exouc Nursery. Chelsea, S.W.
Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria l^ursery, HoHoway, N.
Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans.
Mr. W. Thomson, Cloveniords.
F. A. Philbrick, Esq , Oldfield, Bickley, Kent.
W. E. Br>mer, Esq , M.P., 8, St- James' Street, S.W.
Mr. James, Norwood.
Treasurer.— Til. Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S., \h&Ga7-der.en''
Chronicle Office, 41. Wellinston Street, Strand, W.C.
Secretary. — Mr. James O'Brien. Harrow-on-the-Hill, to wli. m
all commui.ications should be addressed.
Subscriptions since those acknowledged,
A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Hackbridge .. ..£,2 2 o
Mr, H. Hurrell, ihe Dell Gardens, Staines .. ..050
Mr. Hold way .. .. .. ..050
Mr. PittSj Berry Hill 050
Mr. Earr 050
Mr. Rowles .. 050
Mr. Gray 050
Mr. Dickson, Covent Garden .. .- .. .. o 10 o
Mr. T. Shields, Birmingham .. .. .. ..050
Mr, Cooper, Birmingham .. .. .. .. ..050
Intending subscribers are requested to send in their names to
the Stcretary as soon as possible, as the list will be closed early
in September.
To the Trade only.
EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nursery-
• iiiEN, i-EEDSMEN, and FLORISTS, Haarlem, Holland.
The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 361A) of Dutch Flower
Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous rooted Pia:iii-;
for 1E83-S4 is now r^ady, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen, Florists, and Seedsmen.
Dutch and Other Bulbs.
TOHN DOWNIE
^ (late DowKiE & Laird).
144, PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH,
begs to inform his Friends that he has received his First Consign-
ment of Buibs, which are in 6ne condition, and will be ( ffcred
at moderate piices. CATALOGUES forwarded on application.
Carriage Free.
Just to hmd. — Plant now -^Early Winter White Flowers.
Splendid quality.
SINGLE WHITE ROiVIAN HYACINTHS,
which will produce 3 to 6 ipikes per bulb, -zts. per ioo,
3s. per dczen (not ihe puny Italian so largely distributed).
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, charming
artd useful companion to preceding, 12^. 6rf. per ico, as.
per dozen.
The early consignments are always the ficest. Apply
at once.
GEO. P. DARBY, Importer, Hertfordshire Seed and Plant
Establishment. Watford, Herts.
To the Trade.
BA U M F O RT H'S SEEDLING
RAS P BE RR Y.
Special Prices for Orders before September i may be had on
appHcaiion.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, Hull.
SPIR^A JAPONICA, strong Clumps for
forcing, 15J. per loo, ;£6 per looo. ROSES, Standards,
HalT-standards, and Dwarfs, in first-class varieties. Hardy Ghent
MOLLIS and Indian AZALEAS and RHODODENDRONS,
in splendid collections of the most showy sorts, and strong plants
with buds. Will supply the above named articles in quantity in the
ne\t season, at the lowest prices. Price on applicalioD. Applyto
ED. P.\RRfi, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium.
BULB SEASON, 1883.
GENTLEMEN, GARDENERS, and Others,
by ORDERING IMMEDIATELY, may ob ain the
FINES r BULBS at strictly WHOLESALE PRICES.
Wri'e for PRICE LIST to THE CITY FLOWER, SEED,
and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch Street, and So, St. Paul's
Churchyard, London, E.C.
Palmg.
ARECA LUTESCENS.— This year's Seed-
lings, 20J. per ico,
CEROXYL-ON NiVEUM.— j-yr. strong plants, lio to I'i
per 100,
CATALOGUES ol PALMS on application.
SEEMANNandGOEPEL, Wandsbek. Hamburgh, Germany.
BAUMFORTH'S
SEEDLING RASPBERRY.
From the great reputation this New Rasp-
berry has attained for size, quality, -and heavy
cropping, I fully anticipate again a very large
demand for Canes.
I recommend Orders to be sent in at once, to
secure a supply.
PKICES :-
Planting Canes 25^-. per 100
Fruiting Canes, extra strong 35.?. per 100
Special Prices to tlie Trade on application.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON,
SEED MERCHANT and NURSERYMAN,
HULI/.
August i8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
195
THE GARDEN CROPS of 1883,
FRUITS, VEGETABLES, ROOTS, &c.
The Gardeners' Magazine
Of SATURDAY, August 2^,,
will contain copious Reports and Summaries of the Fruit, Vegetable, and Root Crops of 1883,
with Selected Lists of the Best Varieties for the various Soils and Climates of Great Britain.
Published every Saturday, price 2d. ; Annual Subscription, lis. 6d., Post-free.
Specimen Copy, Post-free, 2!d.
0FFICE:-4, AVE MARIA LANE, LONDON, E.G.;
AND SOLD AT ALL NEWS AGENTS AND BOOKSTALLS.
JOHNSON BROTHERS 8c CO. (limited),
..&^. 6, WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL, S.W.
'^^j Builders of Conservatories and all descriptions of
Hothouses and Roofs, in Iron and Wood, or a
combination of both,
ON THEIR PATENT SYSTEM, "WITHOUT PUTTY,
or, with Putty, in the ordinary way, if preferred.
Corrugated Iron Structures for all Purposes.
Plans and Estimates submitted free of cost.
HEATING by HOT WATER,
on the best Principles.
W ARNE R'S
PATENT
ANNULAR SAIL
AND
STAR WINDMILLS,
Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying
Farms, Railways, Mansions, &c.
Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are at Work in every part of the World.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Reliable made.
Price Lists, Testimonial?, and ]
Catalogues on application. J
p„' _ including Timber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, ^QR
r I lUCj complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, ^fC-sJ
Prices of larger sizes for Pianpijig, Grinding, Fartn
and Mill Work in proportion.
J. WARNER & SONS I cEil?!IS. 1X^.0
HOETIOULTUEAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &0.
•isa:^.
jiH^ -
.-i5
JAMES BOYD & SONS,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS and
HEATING ENGINEERS
PAISLEY.
LONDON OFFICE : 48, Pall MaU, S W
4 v^^ "*^™-^-_
O
z;
o
o
FOREST TREES,
SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED.
ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS,
ROSES and BHOBODENDBONS.
Inspection invited. Special prices on application.
LITTLE & BALLANTYNE,
KNOWEFIELD NURSERIES.
CARLISLE.
-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS
HARNESS ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS Of EVERY DESCRIPTION.
TEA ROSES IN POTS.— Several thousands
to offer, clean, healthy, and full of buds, including afine
lot of Matechal Niel and Niphetos—the latter in several sizes.
Prices on application.
F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer, Farn-
boroufih Station.
P" R I MU LAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEO-
LARI AS. — Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans-
planted Seedlings, at Zs. per loo, 70J. per 1000. package and
carriage free for cash with orders. Good strong Marechal Niel
and other Tea ROSES, in 48-pots. at 6cs. per 100.
T. FLETCHER and SON, Florists, &c., Chesterfield.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
i,d. per bushel ; too for -j^s : truck (loose, about 2 tons)
40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, is. td. er sacic ;
5 sacks, 25J ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks sji. sacks,
id. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND. 11. gif. per bushel ; 151. per half
ton, ■i^s. per ton : in 2 bushel bacs, i^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOUI.U. IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. Ss. 6i. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c, Wnie for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 51, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at \s. yi. each, or
15 sacks. i8s. ; 30 sacks, L^ 55., sacks included. Ttuck-load,
loose, 3"J. : fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
Uhed 1S72-J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound" Yard,
and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality tor Oichids.
Stove Plants, &c.. {,(, 6j. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths. American Plant
Beds, isr. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s ; 5 Bags.
221. 6rf. ; to Bags, 45J. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
loj. 6rf. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52s. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, ^Js per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 251. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.
SILVER MEOil-ISn. BRONZE MEDAL-ISei.
To His
Royal
Highness
the Pruice
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND AND CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Ab-?olutely Pure. Free from anv
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the tamous '' Lagima " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused wUh
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following :— From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
BESTBOYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An eh'sant Bordering to Fltnver Beds. Combines waj mih
and cleatilhtess with valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens im Heat. Holds Hhat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows :— Sacks
15. 6(/. each; 10 sacks, 13J- ; 15 sacks, \%s. \ 20 sacks, 23J.
30 sacks. 305. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2,
Limited quantities of P. M SPECIAL QUALITY. Gtanulated,
in sacks only, -zs. 6d. each (iwo Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory.— Only orders accnmpanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imiia-
tions; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works. West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London, E.
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine on rail at js. 6d. per ton — not less than 4-ton trucks.
Terms cash.-Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate.
196
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[A.OGUST 18, 1883.
STRAWBERRIES
NEXT SUMMER, by Planting now : Capital
Roots, 4s. per 100.
IN A FEW MONTHS, by Forcing: Plants
in Pots, 163. per 100.
Only the best varieties are offered.
DESCRIPTIVE LIST ON APPLICATION.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
WORCESTER.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BBITI3H FERNS
and SELAGINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivalion, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and vinety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price 6ii.) contains much useful information as well as " Hinls
on Fern Cultute." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
Sg'^- Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES— Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS of MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the tiwst
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 1784.
ADDRESS .—
LANDRETH «fc SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
NOTICE TO THE TRADE.
MESSRS. GREGORY & EVANS
beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally,
that they have the largest stock of ERICA HYEIMALIS,
in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade. Other
varieties in proportion.
Inspection Invited.
LONG LANDS NURSERY, SIUCUP,
AND AT LEE, 5.E.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from \%s. to 36j-. per dozen.
These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
ABC BULB GUIDE.
The present season's edition of the above is
in the printer's hands, and will be issued in a
few days, when it will be duly posted to all
Customers, and may be had Gratis and Post-
free upon application.
THOMAS S. "WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.
DOUBLE ROMAN and PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.
Tames Veitch & Sons
•^ PPr. Tn ANNnnNTE THF.Y HAVE RECEIVED THEIR CSUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF
nFG TO ANNOUNXE THF.Y HAVE RECEIVED THEIR CSUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF
THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING,
and will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery.
BULB CATALOGUE for 1S83, Illttstrated with upwards of do Woodcuts, is now ready,
and mill be forwarded Post-free on application.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.
NEW SEEDS FOR AUTUMN SOWING.
TRIFOLIUM INOARNATUM, WINTER RAPE,
RYE, AGRICULTURAL MUSTARD, WINTER TARES,
ITALIAN RYE-6RA88, PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, Ac.
Samples and Qtiotations on applicatio7i.
THE LAWSON SEED & NURSERY COMPANY
(LIMITED),
106, SOUTHWARK STREET, LONDON, S.E.
To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and Florists.
IF YOU WANT CHEAP
GREENHOUSES, PITS, FRAMES, &,c.,
APPLY TO
^W. C. SIMMONDS,
62, DYNEVOR ROAD, STOKE NEWINGTON, LONDON, N.
Can be highly recommended by Messrs. HUGH Low & Co., for luliom he has recently completed
135,495//. super of Glass Erections at their Nurseries, Clapton, and Bush Hill Park, near Enfield.
Gentlemen can find their own materials, W. C. S. finding labour only, or lie will supply botli If required.
In either case entire satisfaction may be relied on, as the work would be under the personal
superintendence of W. C. S., who is thoroughly acquainted with the Trade, having been practically
engaged in it twenty-six years.
R, HALLIDAY & CO.,
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, '
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries. Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, fee, constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class ol worK,
and that the vrry best. . . „ . , l - . r * r <:,«.
Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our hrm,
from the smallest to the large t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and succe.ss guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &o., always m stock.
Finns. Esthimlcs and Catalogue! free. Customers mailed on in any fart oftlu: Kingdom.
Our Maxim is and always has been — . . , «
MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS.
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GftRDEN OPERATIONS,
Price 3d., Post Free 3|d.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
August i8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
197
ifc
FORCING BULBS
PLANT AT ONCK
TO ENSURE FLOWERS
AT CHRISTMAS.
Carters' Early White Roman Hyacinths,
The Best In the Market.
12 Fine Hulbs post-free 31. c''.
24 Fine Fulbs .. post-free 6a\ id.
50 Fine liulbs . . . . . . . . post-free 1 1^. od.
ICO Fine Bulbs post-free 2ijr. cd.
Carters' Early Blue Roman Hyacinths.
12 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. pobt-free \s, id
■i\ Fine Ru'bs .. .. .. .. post-free jr. n/.
50 P'lne Bulbs .. .. .. post-free ^s. tif.
loo Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free los, td.
Carters' Early Rose Parisian Hyacinths,
12 Fine Bulbs .. .. ,. .. post-free 2^. od.
24 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free ^s. cd.
50 Fine Bulbs .. .. ,. post-free 8j. od.
ICO Fine Bulbs .. .. .. post-free 15J. od.
Carters' Early Paper White Narcissus.
12 Fine Bulbs .. post-free is od.
24 Fine Buibi .. .. ,. ., post-frse 4J. od.
50 Fine Bulbs ,, .. .. .. post-free 71, cd.
100 Fine Bulbs ,. post-free I2j. td.
Carters' Farly Double Roman Narcissus.
13 Fine Bulbs post-free is. 6d.
24 Fine Bulbs .. post-free 5^. cd.
50 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free 85. td.
loa Fine Bulbs .. .. .. . post-free 15J. od.
Carters' Extia Large Snowdrops.
100 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. ., post-free 31. 6d.
SO Fine Bulbs . . post-free 2^. od.
Note. — These Prices a'e not binding after the publica-
tion of our Catalogue of Bulbs.
The Queen's Seedsmen, and by Royal Command
to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,
237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN,
LONDON, W.C.
Free by Post or BalL
JAMES DICKSON and SONS offer
selected stocks o^ the following : —
CABBAGE, Dickson's Nonsuch, is. per ounce.
,, Eltam's Early Dwarf, is. per packet.
,, Early Kainham, ^d. per ounce.
,. Improved Nonpareil, 81/. pet ounce.
CAULIKl OWER. Improved Early London, 15. 6d. per ounce.
CUCUMBER, kolhsson's Telecraph, 2i 6d. per packet.
LETTUCE, Dickson's Hardy Winter Cabbage, is. per packet.
,, Hardy White Cos, is. ^d. per ounce.
ONION, Giant Rocca Tripoli, ivd. per ounce.
,. Red and White Italian Tripoli, each, icaf, per ounce.
Also choice strains of CALCEOLARIA, CINERARIA,
GLOXINIA (erect and drooping varieties), PRIMULA SI-
NENSIS FIMBRIATA (red. white, or mixed), in \s. 6d.,
2T. ed.. and 5s. packets ; and all other VEGETABLE and
FLOWER SEEDS for present or later sowing.
108, Eastgate Street, Chester.
BMALLER begs to make his Annual
• Trade Offer of his very extensive and extra well-grown
stock of : —
ERICAS (Hyemalis. and other varieties), EPACRI?^.
GENISTAS, CVCLAMEN, EOUVARDIAS, ADIAN'f UM
GUNEATUM and other FERNS, GREVILLEAS, VINES
in pots, &C. An inspection is invited.
Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on application.
The Annual SALE by AUCTION will be held in
SEPTEMBER.
Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.
PAPAVER UMBROSUM, fine new purple
Seed, (}d. per packet, post-free jd. One packet each
umbrosum, Flag of Truce, white as a snowball, and
Indian Banner, vivid scarlet, both very double, is. 2d. post-free.
THOMAS BUNYARD, Ashford. Kent.
ALEXIS DALLIERE, Nurseryman,
Ghent, Belgium, has a large quantity of his Special
Cultures for disposal this season, such as : —
Azalea indica. Azalea mollis. Camellias, Rhododendrons,
Bouvardia Alfred Neuner, the whole well budded ; also Also-
phila australis, Aspidistra fol. var , Araucaiia excelsa, Cy
boiium princeps, Drac^na tetminalis, and other sorts ; Lalania
boi bonica, Corypha australis, Phcenix rechnata and tenuis,
Seaforthia elcgans, Piychosperma Alexandia:, Ficus elasticn,
Spiraea (Hoteia) japonica, v^ry stiong. The whole in well
cultivated planis. Prices and sizes of plants will be imm-diately
sent on application.
SUTTONS'
COLLECTIONS OF BULBS
FOR EARLY FORCING,
including I'^arly Roman Hyacinths, Double
Roman Narcitsus, Paper- White Narcissus,
Snowdrops, Crocus, Jonquils, Due \'an Thol
Tulips, Scillas, &c.,
43s,, 31s. 6d., 213., and 10s. 6d. each,
ROMAN HYACINTHS fjr FORCING,
Sjugle White
Sii.gle Blue
per dozen, 31. 6d. : per ico. 25J.
per dozen, ss. od. ; per too, 14J.
EARLY NARCISSUS for FORCING.
Double Roman
Paper-White . .
ptr dozen. 2S. 6d. ; per 100, 171. 6d.
per dozen, 2s. cd. ; per 100, 145. cd.
For full Particulars of
SUTTONS' CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS
SEIC
SuTTONS' Autumn Catalogue.
GR.-iriS AND POST-FREE.
iiifcnv/firU;
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.
T(
Eoae Nursery.
Late J, B. Guillot, Sen. — Established in 1837.
ROSES THE GREAT SPECIALITY.
OSEPH SCHWARTZ, Rose Grower,
t) Route de Vienne. 7, ii la Guillotiere. Lyon, has to offer
NEW ROSFS, obiained from Seed at his Eslablithment,
and which will be sent out on November 1 next : —
HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES.
COLONEL FELIX BRETON.— Vigorous shrub, having
the appearance of Charles Leiebvre. Large flower, full, petals
regu'arly imbricated, velvety red-garnet— exierior petaU shining
velvety pale amaranth, the underside dull amaranth. Entirely
new colour,
MONS. BENOIT COMTE.— Very vigorous shrub, having
the appearance of Alfred Colomb. Flower large, full, globular,
in the form of a cup, hritliant poppy-red, shaded vermilion in
the interior, exterior of petals poppy-red, covered with a plum-
like bloom. Remarkable for the brightness and beauty of its
colour.
MOVS. FRANCISQUE RIVE. —Very vigorous plant,
somewhat like Marie Baumann. Very large, full, well-formed
flowers, bright cherry-red. shaded carmine ; petals concave,
underside y'aucescent. Very fragrant. A successional bloomer.
PRESIDENT SENE'AR.-Very vigorous shrub, of pecu-
liar appearance. Large flower full, deep cherry-red. sparkling
velvety tinge, passing to purple-shaded cinnabar. Magnificent
variety.
SECRETAIRE J. NICOLAS- — Very vigorous La'ge
full flower, well shaped, Elobu'ar, of a beautiful dull purple red.
bright velvety tinge ; rtvcr-e of petals pale plum-coloured
amarai.th. Very fraerant. Has a grand effect. Free fl iwerer.
ROSA POLYANTHA or MULTIFLORA {Dwarf Climber)
JEANNE DKIVON. — Veiyperpetual flowering shrub. Flowers
in corymbs, very double, somewhat resembling those of the
Camellia IJa'sam. large (relatively) for the eenus, white edged,
and sh.Tdtd ro^e ; the reverse of the petals white. Colour unijue.
Plant very distinct from the varieties of the same group now in
commerce. Suitable fir groups. Extra variety.
These Novelties have this year ob'ained the foUowmg
awards : — First-class Certi6cate, Soi iei^ d'Hortici 1 n-e nralique
du Rhone, June g : First-class Certificate, Association Htrticole
Lynnaise. June 17.
Price, ea-:h variety, per plant, 25 francs ; the set of six,
I20 fjancs. N.B. — Purchasers of four plants of the same
variety will receive a fifth gratis.
NEW ROSES sent out by J. S., in the autumn of 1882 : —
Hybrid Noisette. Madame Fanny de Forest. 3 Ir. each. 30 fr.
per dozen ; Hybrid Perpetual, Marguerite de Roman, s fr 50 c.
each, 24 fr. per dozen ; Hybrid A\rshire Climbing, Madame
Viviand Morel. 2 fr. 50c each, 24, fr. per dozen; Polyantha,
non-climbing, B'jou de Lyon, 2 fr. each, 18 fr. per dozen.
Notice, — A very large quantity of Dwatf Ro^es, Standards
and Half-Siandards, ready for sale in the Autumn.
General CATALOGUE sent post-free on application.
CHADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED.
— This seed has been erown by careful selection ior six-
teen years, and planting the stems where the produce would
not be likely to be affected by Bees. It is liked by the Evesham
gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and is
recommended to Faimers as a safe crop to plant — selling the
Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and grod enough
— feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price ys. per pound
in smalt quantities ; 51. 6d. per pound for 20 lb. and upwards
For Caih only. Apply to
Mr. RANDELL. Chadbury, near Evesham.
OSEPH BAUMaITn, Nurseryman,
Ghent. Btleium, tffers the followinK Plants :— AZALEA
hirdy MOl.LIb and hardy Ghent, A. INDICA. RHODO-
DENDRONS, CAMELLIAS, KALMIA LATIFOLIA.
dwarf with Hower buds : fine Sweet BAV-^. Standards and Pyra-
mids ; fine LaTANIA BORBONICA, ARAMA SIE-
BOLDI and VARIEGATA, ARAUCARIAS, ILEX, MAG-
NOLIAS, P.liONIES. ROSES, SPIR/EA JAPONICA, &c.
CATALOGUE free.
J'
THE
SATURDAY, AUGUST i8, 1883.
STRATTON PARK.
ABOUT the beginning of the century
two members ot the house of Baring
purchased two contiguous properties in Hamp-
shire, which are now owned by their descendants,
the Earl of Northbrool';, of Stratton Park, near
Micheldever, and Lord Ashburton, of The
Grange, near Alresford. The former property
was granted at the Dissolution, when the
immense revenues of the Church at Winchester
were dispersed to the Wriothesleys, the head
of the family bearing the title of Earl of South-
ampton. His heir and daughter, Rachel,
resided at Stratton with her husband, Loid
William Russell, and, from a clump of Horn-
beams in the high ground behind the house,
known now as Lady Williain Russell's clump,
.ind commanding glimpses of the Winchester
Road, she used to watch for the messenger
bearing letters from her husband previous to
his execution. Lord John Russell passed some
of the years of his boyhood here. After fhis
distinguished family a new one followed,
destined perhaps to become as famous. Sir
Francis Baring, "the first merchant of the
world," bought the property, improved the
grounds, and erected a good, square, plain
house, long famous for its pictures, and still
remarkable for works of art, and for its comfort
and convenience.
Mr. R. Mudie wrote a history of Hants in
1S38, in which he speaks carpingly of Stratton
Park. The situation of the house is too low,
he says ; one would rather say that the ma:n
points required in a house are warmth, shelter,
ventilation, and sufficient size ; that a water-
tight roof and a dry foundation are essentia',
and that in some cases a large number of well-
proportioned, well furnished rooms is desirable.
Above all things comfort is the first essentia'.
Deepdene, near Dorking, answers this description
e.xactly, and Stratton Park is not far behind it. Mr.
Mudie, perhaps, would have preferred a house
ten times too big for any private family, and built
on the plan of a hospital or asylum, big but not
beautiful, with an outbreak of tawdry turrets on
the roof. He says the house stands too low,
which can hardly be, since the subsoil is of
chalk. Putting a house on the top of a hill is a
vulgar error, opposed to all fitness and conveni-
ence. The only argument in favour of a house
on a hill, where your horses' hearts and knees
must both be broken in going up and down, is
that the prospect is better up there I Just as if
the main object in going indoors was to stare
out of the windows. He says, too, that the
house agrees with the artificial part of the land-
scape rather than with the natural. He would
have had a house built of logs, to ''agree" with
native timber. As all houses are artificial, from
the topmost chimney-pot to the lowest brick—
and as the lawns, parterres, and grounds
are of the same character, while even the
park outside is rendered more ornate by arti-
fice than the country beyond, though even that
is usually a cultured tract, and not the domain
of Nature— the criticism seems meaningless.
iq8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 1883.
Speaking of Sir Thomas Baring's habit of
"muffling up" the churches with timber and
planting flowers on graves, he says that the
latter practice is a mockery of the dead. All
that need be said of these crotchets is, that
man has worshipped in groves from the earliest
ages, and that flowers are dedicated to the dead
as emblems of the highest beauty and perfec-
tion, hence the public taste repudiates the
theory of Mr. Mudie, and the practice of the
members of the Baring family of fifty years
since has become general. A charming clump
of shrubs and timber in the park half conceals
the little church and the schools near it.
Mr. Gandy, the head gardener, did the
honours of his department, and showed us over
the gardens and grounds. His predecessor
under Sir Thomas Baring was Charles Mac-
intosh, author of several horticultural works
thirty years ago, who was here three or four
years, going from this place to Claremont, and
thence to Dalkeith. A seven-branched Mag-
nolia, a beautiful tree 60 feet in height, which
even Flaxman's sculptures in the church do not
excel in beauty, was planted from a flower-pot
by Macintosh. A trellised walk, covered with
Roses and creepers, Hops among them, passes
from the park close by this fine tree to a gate
opening in the Winchester road ; and the lords
of Stratton, who have been Chancellors of the
Exchequer, First Lords of the Admiralty, or
Viceroys of India, have loved the privacy of this
walk— a fit spot for retired pacing up and down
and for political meditation. In Rose bowers
like this deep-laid schemes are hatched by lovers
in early life, by poHticians later on.
In a comparatively small garden Mr. Gandy
manages v, ith great skill to produce the fruit
and flowers which his noble employer, now high
in office, requires during the season, and he
won the 1st prize this year at the Royal Counties
show for a miscellaneous collection. The
orangery is a very pretty house, planted with
many Ferns and creepers. We went through a
house of beautiful foliage plants in capital con-
dition, and through a Melon-house, among
others, and an Orchid-house, containing a good
collection sent home by Lord Northbrook from
India, when he filled the Vice-regal chair during
the visit of the Prince of Wales.
The park is a very pretty one, of the larger
size — about 300 acres, I believe, and none of
them level. The site is chalk, with a rich cover-
ing of soil, especially in the valley, that bears
fine timber. As you approach the house by a
footpath from the kitchen garden, most of our
forest trees grow, right and left, in fine clumps
or as specimen trees standing alone. The
Hickory, Plane, Acacia, Sycamore and Beech
Sweet Chestnut, Oak and Cedar of Lebanon
are all here, and there are noteworthy examples
of them all. One of the Sycamores measures
14 feet above the spurs of the trunk, and at 24
feet from the ground it branches, throwing out
first three great limbs, which become divided
and form a grand head 24 yards in diameter.
Two adjoining tall Sycamores are nearly as
large, but less spreading. The largest Chestnut
measures 17 feet round the trunk, and grows
tall as well as stout. The largest Oak on the
estate is situated in this same beautifully
timbered corner of the park. But the Oak is
not the tree of this district, and it is not so
large as some of the specimens already men-
tioned. At the moment when Sir Francis, the
founder of the family, breathed his last, a great
limb of this tree fell to the ground ; and it is
said that the same thing happens whenever a
chief of the family dies. May it lose its limbs
slowly I
Some unexploded shells on the terrace re-
called last year's bombardment of Alexandria.
They were fired into Fort Pharos onjuly 1 1, 18S2,
and were given to the First Lord of the Admi-
ralty by Lord Alcester. The house looks out
upon the beautiful timber of the thickly planted
park, whose boundaries can nowhere be seen.
It is sheltered by rising ground on the north
and east, and by a dense bank of lofty Limes
on the further side of a wide lawn planted with
ornamental shrubs and Cedars of Lebanon.
From the water-tower on the highest ground
the distant country comes into view, and The
Grange, the seat of the other peer of this
family, is marked by the timber of its park. A
Beech avenue extends from these grounds to
the London lodge, one mile, and the double
avenues of tall trees within the grounds form
an impenetrable shelter fence and a nesting
place for rooks. The soft velvety turf of the
chalk adds to the beauty of the grounds where,
among acres of shrubbery and hundreds of
specimens, not too thickly planted, on a sloping
site carpeted with this soft turf, the Princess of
Wales planted the latest of the trees of
Stratton, a Thuia dolabrata, which already
seems quite at home. Near it is a wonderful
Cedar of Lebanon, branching from the ground
into a vast head 33 yards in diameter.
When Cobbett rode through Micheldever
and Stratton, in 1822, Sir Thomas Baring being
in possession, the estate well cared for, the
cottages neat and nice, and the children well
taught, he abated some of his accustomed
thunder, and declared the estate was " in very
good hands." And so it is now. An experi-
ment of small farming, tried by Sir Thomas, is
still continued, but cannot be said to prosper,
as small farmers in this part of the country
labour under disadvantages. H. E.
LYCASTE SMEEANA, n. hyb. nat. 1
This is undoubtedly a very interesting plant. It
has the bract of Lycaste Deppei, and nearly the shape
of its flower, though it is wider, but the colour is white
excepting the lip, which has a light purple border of the
triangular acute undulate anterior lacinia, rows of
small purple stripes, and spots over the whole surface.
The callus is nearly as in Lycaste Deppei, having a
very short free portion, not a long one, as in Lycaste
Skinneri, and an obscure keel on its middle. The
petals, too, have on the inside some purple spots. The
column is white, with some purple spots at the base.
Those who know Lycaste Deppei and L. Skinneri
will suggest its being intermediate between them.
The bulb and growth are described as being in the
way of those of Lycaste Deppei, while the column,
the shape of the petals, the sepals, and lip, remind
one of Lycaste Skinneri and Deppei. I remember
well Lycaste Deppei punctatissima, sent by Mr. Wil-
liams in October, iSSi. It has the genuine lip and
sepals and petals of Deppei.
I had this plant from Mr. A. H. Smee, The
Grange, Hackbridge, Surrey, the son of the author
ol My Garden, and feel pleased to name the plant
Lycaste Smeeana, hoping its possessor may observe it
further, since he was so struck by it at its debut.
H. G. Kchb.f.
Peristeria EPHIPPIUM, «, sp*
Itwasin 1831 that SirWilliam Hookerestablishedthe
fine genus Peristeria upon the Dove Orchid, El Spirito
Santo, which had been sent to him by Mr. Harrison
and Mr. Arnold Harrison from Liverpool. In 1836
came Peristeria pendula, Hook., in 1837 Dr. Lindley
named Peristeria cerina. In 1S3S Messrs. Knowles and
Westcott described their Peristeria guttata, a plant no
one appears to have seen since. From that day to
this no new Peristeria has appeared. I, indeed,
named in 1S52 Peristeria cerina guttulata as avariety,
and in 1S56 Dr. Lindley described his Peristeria
fuscata. Even if we followed him, which I do not
think it right to do (there being no connecting links),
this plant was an old subject, Anguloa squalida,
Popp. and End., pubUshed in 1835, hence also be-
longing to the decennium of Peristerias. I pro-
posed in 1S52 the genus Lycomormium for
it, a genus corroborated by a second species
in my herbarium. And now, in 18S3, I have before
me a new Peristeria. A fine raceme has been sent to
me in alcohol, and I hope soon to see the living
plant. It comes from Western South America, and
is the sister of Peristeria pendula, Hook., since it is
only the second species with such broad, linear,
* Peristeria ephi^putiii, n. sp. — Aff. Peristerise pendulae,
Hook.": hypochilii alls semioblongis, callo pyriforini canali-
culato interj-jcco ; epichilio subrhomboideo antrorsum dilatato,
retuso trilobo; callo maximo sellEeforrai imposito triangulo,
basi latissimo, 4—6 obtusissime cariDato, antrorsum in lineam
incrassatam descendente ; columnEe brachiis linearibus porractis,
apiculo transverso triangulo humili in apice columnas. H, G.
Rchh.f.
fleshy arms to the column, which will, no doubt, be
recognised as toys for insects by some people. The
epichile of this species is totally distinct from any-
thing seen hitherto in the genus. It is rhomboid,
broader at its anterior retuse end, where it is equally
three-lobed, hence I may be excused for calling it
retuse. From its base arises a very curious, broad,
nearly triangular callus, with about six ribs and five
furrows in the middle, and this is prolonged in the
mdidle into a narrow thick line, which ends as an umbo
on the median apiculus of the blade. Another novel
feature is the presence of a low transverse triangular
body at the summit of the column. Dr. Lindley
would have compared it to an old-fashioned three-
horned hat — as for me I am reminded of the modern
head-cover of the Italian carahinieri. Between the
basilar oblong v;ings there is a pyriform callus,
broader under the column, deeply channelled in its
median longitudinal line.
Mr. Y. Sander has just imported living plants of
this. The flowers appear to be decidedly destitute of
spots, but whether they are white, or ochre, or light
yellow in colour I cannot say. No doubt they will have
a fine perfume. It is one of the most interesting of
recent introductions. H, G. Rchh, f,
Odontoglossum velleum, Rchh.f. : supra,
1874, i., 406.
When I published this species I distinctly stated
that I knew nothing about the inflorescence. Hap-
pily, after nearly ten years, this rare plant comes once
more into my hands, Mr. F. Sander having sent me
a fine dense raceme, informing me that there ate several
living plants. The flowers remind me of those of
Odontoglossum Karwinski, but those are arranged in
a lax inflorescence. The general shape of the flowers
is similar. The sepals and petals are yellowish, with
numerous sepia-brown spots and lines. The blade of
the stalked labellum is ligulate, broader at the top
and apiculate, a little undulate, neatly hairy, white,
and covered with numerous purple-mauve lines and
blotches, as is seen in those Trichopilias which are
called in the garden world Helcias. There are some
crests at the base of the blade. The column is very
short. I believe the inflorescence must maUe a gay
and novel impression. The colours may be compared
to that of the flowers of Aspasia variegata, though the
lines and spots are far more marked and the lip much
finer. //. G. Rchb.f.
CANDYTUFTS.
These are among the most showy and useful of
our common hardy annuals ; they are of symmetrical
and compact growth, blooming most profusely, and
continuing in flower for a long period. In looking
over Messrs. Carter & Co.'s seed farms in Essex
recently, nothing was more striking than the rich
beauty of the masses of Candytufts of different
colours, and especially of that brilliant form known
as Dunnett's crimson. This was originally a dark
coloured selection from the crimson, but has now
taken its place, and so we get a hue of purple-crimson
almost perfect in its richness, producing large trusses
of singularly showy well shaped flowers. What is
known as the purple Candytuft is actually of a very
pleasing shade of lilac, very distinct, and worthy a
place in every garden. As in the case of the preced-
ing, so here — selection has done a great deal in the
way of giving a fixity of high-class character to this
variety. Of the white Candytufts the White Rocket
is perhaps the best, being large and of fine shape in
regard to its flowers, which are produced in long
rocket-like trusses — hence its name. It makes a very
attractive mass of white, and forms an excellent con-
trast to the brighter-coloured varieties.
A few years since Messrs. Vilraorin-Andrieux &
Co., of Paris, sent out some very fine hybrid varieties,
producing large well-shaped flowers, borne on very
fine and symmetrical trusses of bloom. These were
the flesh-coloured, rose, and white. The former is
best known in this country under the name of the New
Carmine, and a very fine thing it is — perfectly distinct
in colour, and most attractive, with striking bold
trusses of large well-formed flowers. But all these
French introductions are well deserving of a more
extended cultivation.
The Candytufts are very good town plants. In
Cambridge Terrace, Paddington, there are to be seen in
the enclosed gardens along this line of route very fine
patches of the lilac Candytuft that are blooming very
freely indeed, and much more freely than the Tropseo-
AuGus-r iS, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
199
lums and other annuals. Even in the more crowded
districts of London we have seen these pretty Candy-
tufts in forecourt gardens flowering profusely, regard
being had to the surroundings.
With very little trouble a good succession of bloom
of the Candyluft^can be had. Some seeds sown in
autumn where the plants are to stand will, in common
with the Eschschollzias, give a wealth of bloom in
early spring. Seed sown in February will afford
plants that can bo transplanted to beds to give a rare
display in May, and as soon as the flowers begin to
fade the plants can be removed and dwarf Asters
substituted for them. But we sow the seeds of these
line hardy annuals much too thickly, and the plants
are left to unduly crowd each other. This is a great
mistake, and should be remedied. If single plants
could have more room in which to develope them-
selves they would give finer heads of bloom, and be
more valued in consequence. Annuals arc too often
sown in poor ground, as if anything was good enough
for them ; this is a great mistake, and especially with
the Candytufts. Annuals will always well repay good
cultivation. Give them good soil and they will shine
forth with a lustrous beauty unknown to those who
grow them only in starved soils.
THE POTATO CROP.
Just as exceptions are said to prove the rule so
may we accept as evidence the very few complaints of
disease in the Potato crop yet to hand as evidence of
the general prosperity and good health of that crop to
which so much prominence has but recently been
given. Naturally it will be said that there is yet
ample time for the fungus to work ill amongst the
tubers, but on the other hand there is the very un-
usual fact that we have reached close upon the middle
of August with so far a clean bill of health except from
some ill-favoured district where there has been either
excessive rain storms or the nearness of rivers and
streams has promoted vapoury exhalations that are, at
night especially, found to be so favourable to the
Peronospora and so destructive to the Potato plants.
We were but the other day favoured by witnessing
the lifting of roots of all the various named and seed-
ling kinds so well grown at Chiswick this year for the
benefit of the Fruit Committee and also the Seedling
Committee of the International Potato Exhibition,
and could not fail to be struck with the interesting
fact that while leaf-spot was so absent, out of hundreds
of roots lifted and in almost every c.ise showing
wondrous crops of tubers only one small tuber showed
evidence of the genuine rot or decay — a mar-
vellous thing to have to report from Chiswick,
where as a rule the disease manifests itself both
early and in a very virulent form.
Owing also to the general continuation of dry
weather, the foli.ige is ripening or drying off, and
there is ample evidence that on all except the very
late and usually impervious kinds, growth is nearly
complete, and skins are hardening. When such is
the state of things it becomes obvious that should the
Peronospora manifest itself late, and with virulence,
that the greater bulk of the earlier Potatos will have
got beyond the stage of injury, and that no great
amount of harm can result. We may, however,
doubt whether any such visitation is in store for us.
It is a fact that the worst years for Potatos have in-
variably been those when the attack of the enemy
has been early, when the plants were full of vigour
and sap, and when also the tubers were far less
fitted than now to offer to the spores serious resist-
ance. Perhaps the greatest danger which just now
besets Potatos is the one of supertuberation, for
evidences of such tendency on still luxuriant growing
late kinds are not wanting. The exceeding dryness
of the soil has tended very much to check growth, even
though the tops may look fresh, green, and vigorous.
A thorough soaking would naturally excite root
action generally, and no great harm might result,
but partial rains damping the soil on the surface
only tend to promote vitality in the eyes of those
tubers that are nearest the surface, and from those
other tubers are developed. Except, however, in the
North, the great mass of these late kinds have already
tubers of fairly good size, and therefore the danger of
supertuberation may be localised by cutting off the
tops, and thus checking growth entirely, or in huge
breadths a severe check may be given by running a
heavy roller over the tops, and thus so far crushing
the stems as to render further growth very improbable.
The Champions would, perhaps, be in worse case, but
the Magnum lionums, of which there are such
immense quantities being grown, are even now fit to
lift as far as size of tuber is concerned, though the
skins need hardening, anil the tubers maturing.
Not less pleasant at Chiswick than the absence of
disease, was the abundant evidence found that raisers
are to the fote with wondrously productive kinds,
that have in the majority also that important element
— most excellent ((ualily. It must not be assumed,
that because few certificates may be granted to new
kinds, that therefore the average quality of the bulk
is low. So far from that being the case, it is rather
the very high position now taken by at least the Seed-
ling Committee of the International Potato Exhibition,
and the general average excellence of the new kinds
brought under its notice, that renders the granting of
such honours as that body are permitted to award,
necessarily difiicult to obtain. We have a wondrous
wealth of good cropping kinds, but now, inasmuch
as none may secure honours till they have obtained
the full number of marks when cooked, it is hoped
that henceforth the award of a Certificate of Merit
will never be rnade to any kind but such as shall,
wherever grown, prove to be first-rate in all points.
In relation to Potatos alone Chiswick is thus enabled
to perform, not merely to gardening but to the nation
at large, inestimable benefit. Whilst to Potato
growers a heavy clean crop of tubers must bring
ample satisfaction, even though, as is already the
case, prices rule very low, to the vast body of con-
sumers the matter is one for warm congratulation.
We seem just now on the point ot gathering in a
good harvest of corn. W^e have had a huge crop
of serviceable early' fruit, and have yet to gather one
of the heaviest crops of Apples — the most popular and
useful of all hardy fruits — that has weighed down our
trees for several years ; and finally, and'lar from least,
we have the promise of the most abundant crop of
healthy Potatos on record. With these facts before
us it is not difiicult to understand that they mean
millions of money saved to the nation and the same
millions spent in other, and, we trust, correct chan-
nels must again help to bring to all sections of the
community that run of prosperity which for the past
few years seems to have been rather retrograde than
progressive. There will be an abundance of food for
the poorest and to spare. Let us hope that from the
present year may date the beginning of a series of
brighter seasons, especially to all those engaged in
horticultural pursuits.
THE CHATEAU DE GONVILLE.
The fine domain of Le Comte de Germiny,
Chateau de Gonville, is situated at Fontaine le Bousy,
in the province of Normandy, a portion of France
which is of much historical interest to Englishmen.
The country is intersected by broken hills, narrow
valleys, and streams, which make the scenery very
picturesque. From the interesting old town of Amiens
to Rouen is a four hours' ride by rail, and I-louen is
12 miles from the Chateau de Gonville. The scenery
between the two towns is much varied and beautiful ;
Apple orchards abound, and the fruit is plentiful.
Some of the Apples arc used for cider-making, and
others are dried as Normandy Pippins. At Rouen
we hired a conveyance, and, proceeding through
the more modern streets, soon reached rising
ground. On each side of the road are beautiful
residences with gardens well planted with trees
and flowers. This continues for about 2 miles,
and each peep obtained when near the top
gives a splendid view of the distant hills studded
with villa residences, while below is a fine view of
Rouen, the river Seine, its sailing vessels and
steamers, all helping to make a pretty and animated
picture. I^eaching the high road on the summit of
this pretty spot, we found ourselves in a fine open
country, well cultivated with corn, and on each
side of the road good orchards of Apples and
Pears well cropped with fruit. Here also are many
fine woods or forests, and the trees being in full
beauty, together with the chalky hills, reminded one
of Kent without its Hop fields.
In due time I reached the domain of the Comte de
Germiny, and entered a long avenue of trees in a park
studded with fine timber. A pretty lake soon comes
into view, and then the mansion, standing on a hill well
backed with fine trees and faced with a beautiful lawn
well studded with fine beds of Rhododendron, the
variegated Acer, Golden Hollies, and Coniferec. l'"rom
the front of the Ch.iteau a grand view presents itself
for miles round, and M. le Comte may say, "All
you now behold is mine." In the valley below is a
fine piece of water, with islands well dotted with
trees, which add a charm to the scene, l-'rom the oppo-
site side on some rising ground with fine trees a
splendid view of the mansion and grounds in front is
obtained. Tlie pleasure grounds are well planted ;
in fact, it is so situated that at each point a fine
landscape may be obtained. In the lakes and streams
below salmon are cultivated in all stages — from small
fry to fish fit for the table.
Adjoining the Chateau is the conservatory, well
planted with fine Palms and Tree Ferns, with their
beautiful leaves and fronds. Towering above, where
one can promenade and admire the beauties of the
scene, I noticed two good specimens of Cyathea
medullaris with tall stems. Underneath them are
seats on which one can lounge while admiring the
beautiful plants around. In the centre bed are
large specimen of Dicksonia antarctica, a noble
plant of Areca Baueri, also Raphis flabelliformis and
other fine species. Under these is a tastefully planted
bed of fine-foliage plants, such as Ferns, Begonias,
&c. Intermixed is a collection of Gloxinias in full
bloom and other flowering plants, which looked well
arranged in this way. One of the sides as you enter
this house is filled with Todea superba, pellucida,
and intermedia. It is a good idea to plant these in
shady places, where they love to luxuriate. About 50
yards from the conservatory is a large house called the
winter garden, a span-roofed structure well laid out
with natural looking rocks leading up to a kind of
rock-mound and waterfall, from whence one can look
down and admire the handsome plants below.
The roof is being covered with climbers, such
as Lapageria rosea and alba, and other showy kinds.
This house has but recently been completed. When
the plants get more established, in a year or two's
time, the appearance will be very elfective. Some
distance from this, across the lawn, is the principal
range of glass houses, which I entered one after the
other. The first is a span-roofed house filled with
Caladiums, all well grown and the best sorts in cul-
tivation ; I may say it is the finest collection of these
plants I have seen, and when grown as these are no
one can help admiring them for the colour of their
foliage, which is most brilliant ; the sorts were too
numerous to mention. Adjoining is another span-
roofed house filled with fine-foliaged and flowering
plants, including good Crotons and an Anthurium
Scherzerianum, 3 feet across, which produced a large
number of blooms upon it during the spring and
summer : it must have had a noble appearance, being
a grand variety. Next comes a long span- roofed house
with a path down the centre, the tables on each side
filled with Gloxinias in full bloom, in nearly all shades
of colour and of fine shape, some of the blooms
measuring 5 inches across ; there arc many hundreds
of them, and the succession is kept up during the
season by growing a great quantity in pits in different
st.-iges, which are brought into the house as the others
fade. These Gloxinias are M. Rondeau, the gar-
dener's, own seedlings, which he tries to improve
every ye.ar by hybridising and careful selection.
Leaving this gorgeous sight behind, I entered
another house filled with fine-foliaged and other plants.
I noticed a specimen of Massangea tigrina showing
bloom, the spike was 12 feet high j it is the finest
plant known : by the side of this are large speci-
mens of Clivea of the new kinds, such as Madame
Van Houtte. Then came the grandest house of
all — one that I was longing to see, having heard so
much of it, and I must acknowledge that it is the
finest and largest house of East Indian Orchids I have
ever seen. It is span-roofed, 80 feet in length, 24 feet
wide, and of good height. One is struck on enter-
ing with its noble appearance, and with the arrange-
ment of the plants. The house is entered by a flight
of steps leading from a lobby where you can see from
one end to the other, with fine specimens arranged on
each side of the centre bed ; it is like looking through
a glen, with a fine verge of foliage and flowers under-
neath, the Orchids hanging above. Near the
entrance a grand specimen of Anthurium Andre-
anum arrested attention. It was in full bloom : each
200
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[AUGUST l8, \%%\.
spalhe measuring 8 inches long and s inches in width.
Then the eye ranged over two noble plants of Anlhu-
rium Veitchii, with its handsome drooping green foli-
age, together with the curious and rare Nepenthes san-
guinea, finely in pitcher and well coloured ; and a fine
plant of N. Rafflesiana, suspended from the roof, with
other kinds, which give a tropical character to the
scene. Of Vandas there is a fine collection of speci-
mens, ranging from 5 to 9 feet high, in two rows, the
whole length of the house. Noticeable among them
were V. suavis, several varieties, and some in bloom ;
V. tricolor, V. t. superba, V. t. the Dalkeith var., also
Dr. Paterson's var.— in fact all the best varieties that
can be procured. When this collection is in full bloom
the appearance must be grand. Besides Vandas there
are some wonderful specimens of Saccolabiums, such
as retusum, 4 feet high, also S. guttatum, S. Blumei
major, S. prsmorsum, S. giganteum, and most of these
specimens produce many spikes. Wealso noticed some
fine specimens of AngriEcum sesquipedale, 2 feet high ;
and Saccolabium curvifolium, a mass 2 feet across,
with its orange-scarlet flowers ; Vanda Batemanni, a
noble specimen ; also V. suavis in bloom, 9 feet ;
V. tricolor insignis, finely in bloom. On the side
stages were some fine examples of Cattleya Skinneri,
and other good specimens.
In the next house was a miscellaneous lot of flower-
ing Orchids, and some fine specimens were in full
bloom ; two of Cattleya labiata pallida, one with
forty-eight expanded flowers and the other with
twenty-eight — the two finest specimens and varieties
I have seen. Associated with these was a plant of
Sobralia macrantha, with thirty spikes of its bright
coloured flowers. I also noticed a fine variety of
Oncidium divaricatum, with the flowers more dense
on the stem and of a brighter colour than usual.
Epidendrum prismatocarpura was showing fourteen
spikes. By the side of this was the beautiful Epiden-
drum vitellinum majus, on a block, with twelve spikes
of its charming flowers ; also several plants of Epi-
dendrum nemorale majus, with many spikes in full
bloom, and Dendrobium suavissimum, with bright
yellow sepals and petals and dark lip. This was in full
beauty, and there were several other Orchids in
bloom, which produced a gay effect.
The next house contains Cattleyas and Lcelias,
among them a Cattleya Trianse with seventeen sheaths
— a grand specimen ; C. crispa finely in bloom,
as also a fine variety of Cattleya Mendelli and C.
Harrisoni violacea, a beautiful showy Cattleya.
There were some fine plants, showing sheaths, of C.
Dowiana hanging from the roof. There had been in
bloom just before my visit 390 flowers of Cattleya
Mossise, C. Mendelli, C. Warneri, and others, which
must have made a grand show ; also C. citrina, with
different plants, bearing fi(ty-two flowers, and the
plants are well grown. In the same house is a large
specimen of Chysis ■ bractescens, with enormous
growths, and some fine plants of L^elia elegans ; also
a fine specimen of Cattleya Warneri, which produced
twenty-four good flowers, and many other good
examples The Dendrobium-house contains many
fine plants making their growth for the ensuing year.
The last house in this range is a span-roofed one,
for greenhouse and intermediate plants ; the ctntre
is prettily laid out with rocks, and has a stream of
water and a fountain playing in it, which produces
a cool and refreshing feeling after the hotter houses.
Plants are placed here, such as Liliums and other
good flowering plants. On the sides was a good
show of Pelargoniums ; at one end were fine plants of
Clivea miniata, which, when in bloom, must be a
grand sight. There were some Orchids, including
Ccelogyne cristata in large masses ; also a large speci-
men of Arpophyllum giganteum, 4—5 feet across.
A fine plant of Rhododendron Piincess Royal, 3 feet
across, full of flower-buds, here attracted attention ;
this is a most useful plant, as it blooms twice
a year. There are Fuchsias planted to each rafter,
so that the house is getting covered with their
graceful forms and flowers, and as these plants
get age the effect will be finer. Leaving this enjoy-
able house the visitor comes to the open space
where the specimen plants are arranged for their
summer quarters, to make them more vigorous for the
coming season. We noticed many fine specimen
Azaleas, and grand plants of the greenhouse Rhodo-
dendrons trained as pyramids, such as R. Maddeni,
also R. Veitchii, well set with bloom-buds — it is one
of the most beautiful when in flower ; Rhododendron
Countess of Haddington, 7 feet high and 4 feet
through, and other fine plants.
A very fine span-roofed house, just built for Roses,
comes next ; in this there are many good speci-
mens, and smaller ones coming on. When these
plants are in bloom next year they will be worth
seeing.
Two more ranges of small span-roofed houses con-
tain Orchids, fine-foliage and flowering plants. One
of them was filled with Odontoglossum vexillarium,
Masdevallias, and other cool Orchids. Many plants
of O. vexillarium were in bloom, among them
some good varieties ; also Masdevallia Veitchii, and
its fine variety superba, which has a much larger
flower ; and M. Harryana, which did its best to
make a show with its bright colours, M. Lin-
deni, and others. Among the Odontoglots are
some good plants of O. Alexandras and other
kinds, all looking in vigorous health. A fine
plant of Cephalotus follicularis — the Australian
Pitcher-plant — is here to be seen ; and in the same
range are an assortment of the best varieties of
variegated Begonias, some beautiful plants in bloom
of the different kinds of Hsemanthus, and a fine lot
of Gloxinias. Passing through some other houses, I
was delighted to come upon one full of PhalK-
nopsis, and which when in bloom must have been
a grand sight. They have been grown from im-
ported plants, and they do the gardener great credit,
for their growth is strong and robust. Among them
are P. Schilleriana with foliage 18 inches long ; also
fine plants of P. amabilis, some in full bloom, asso-
ciated with P. violacea, with fine flowers of good
colour. In the same house are some plants in bloom
of Cypripedium Lawrenceanum, which is one of the
best when a good variety is obtained.
I must not omit to allude to the chimneys of the
houses in this place ; they are often unsightly in a
gentleman's place, but here they are made in the
shape of old trees, which gives them a rustic appear-
ance, and people go away with the idea that they are
real decayed trees. I lelt the flowers and plants
for the more useful department, but also an orna-
menial one — for the kitchen and fruit gardens
are well worth seeing, as they contain a fine collec-
tion of fruit trees, well trained and cared for ; also
good vegetables. At the end ol the gardens is a fine
long range of new fruit-houses. A very long vinery
has only been planted a short time, but is in a pro-
mising condition. The next range is filled with
trees in pots, such as Peaches, Nectarines, and others.
The Peaches and Nectarines had some fine fruit on
them just ripe ; there were also many out in the
kitchen garden which had fruited, and were making
their growths for next year.
Many more interesting things might be enumerated,
but space will not permit of it, so I must finish by
thanking the Comte de Germiny and his family for
their kind reception, also Mons. Rondeau for his
courtesy and attention. B. S. Williams,
THE MOOT.
This pleasant residence, standing at the eastern
entrance of the small town of Downton, near Salis-
bury, was erected about the period of the Restoration,
which recalls an interesting event in the life of Sir
Richard Shuckburgh, knight of the shire for
Warwick, and ancestor of the Shuckburghs of Wilts,
who long resided at The Moot.
The ill-fated Charles I., marching through Sir
Richard's county before Edgehill, saw him hunting
through the fields. "Who is that gentleman hunting
so merrily, while I am obliged to fight for my
crown } " the king inquired ; and he ordered Sir
Richard to be called, and so pleased and roused him
by a most gracious reception that the knight returned
home, armed his tenants and retainers for the field,
and joined Charles at Edgehill. The Moot is now
owned and occupied by Mr. Squarey.
Opposite the house, and forming its shrubbery and
garden, are the once strong, and now ornamental,
earthworks which in the early Saxon era commanded
the valley of the river Avon, running from Salisbury
through Downton, to Christchurch, skirting the New
Forest on its way. The story of the earthworks,
which have proved invaluable in the formation of the
gardens of The Moot, is obscure. Sir Richard
Hoare, in his History of Wiltshire, suggests that
there was probably a natural elevation here, and he
thinks that the principal mound— a huge conical
earthwork, was raised artificially, and that it formed
the keep of a Saxon fortress, other mounds for out-
posts, or civil purposes, having been afterwards
added. The Moot, in all probability, formed the site
of the principal fortress of the South Saxons, and of
Cerdic their great leader, and its name further indi-
cates that it included within the inner foss the wit-
tenagemote of Cerdic's kingdom.
The primitive courts and councils called the witten-
agemotes were held on natural or artificial mounds,
like the moot hills of Scotland, and the " parle," or
parling hills of Ireland, just as the British courts of
judicature were assembled within circles of stones, as
at Stonehenge, or in an amphitheatre of turf. The
earliest of the Saxon courts were probably established
on what is now the smooth turf of Mr. Squarey's
lawn, which the mowing-machine shaves close. The
particular slope, benched in turf, which is believed to
have formed the place of assembly, ascends from the
margin of an ornamental pond where Water Lilies
blossom in profusion. At the top of the steep mound
a .summer-house commands a long view down the
historic valley of the Avon, and overlooking Char-
ford. Another mound affords a bird's-eye view of the
adjacent town of Downton, and commands a pleasing
landscape beyond. Charford is a small place, but
readers of Green's History of the English People may
remember it as the Hastings of the early Saxons.
They may remember that amid the numerous assaults
upon the country by successive bodies of invaders, on
the retirement of the Romans, that of Cerdic proved
the most successful. The conquest of South Britain
was, in fact, effected by a band of Saxons who
struggled under Cerdic from Southampton Water in
495 to the Downs, where Winchester offered a rich
prize. Not less than 5000 Britons fell in the fight,
which opened the country to the invaders, and a fresh
victory at Charford, a few years later, set the crown
of the West Saxons on the head of Cerdic. It was
here, therefore, close to The Moot, that the earliest
known ancestor of Queen Victoria ascended the
throne ; and it is not improbable that the ceremony
of his coronation was performed in Mr. Squarey's
garden.
Cerdic was himself, no doubt, the first president of
the English parliament that met on these grassy
slopes ; and when his descendant granted the fee of
the Hundred of Downton to the Church, long before
the Norman Conquest, the nobleman who became
the Church's chief tenant, or lessee, would have here
exercised those judicial rights which, in the course of
our progress, have now quite passed away from the
ownership of land.
The site of The Moot now exhibits an extensive
collection of exceedingly ornamental earthworks and
fosses extending over many acres, partly planted, and
partly covered with smooth lawn. The predecessor
of the Shuckburghs— a Mr. Coles, who laid out the
gardens a hundred years ago, which the present
owner has most tastefully kept up — found a favour-
able site for his operations, and turned it to the best
account.
In wandering through these pretty grounds it is
interesting to reflect that historic memories are cha-
racteristic of the country houses of old England, and
that, like the natural advantage of a fine site or pure
water, they enhance the charm, and even increase the
value, of property. The very ancient history of The
Moot, and its attractive gardens, may well suggest
comparisons of past and present, of rude and insecure
times and of modern refinement and social advan-
tages ; and perhaps such- contrasts are never more
vividly presented to the mind than on ihe occasion of
those annual and time-honoured festivals when Ihe
grounds we have endeavoured to describe are thrown
open to all neighbours, rich and poor, when all join
in the same games, and when high and low dance
together on the same velvet turf where Cerdic and his
grim warriors held council. H, E.
CHRYSANTHEMUM CORYM-
BOSUM.
This is a robust herbaceous plant with elegantly cut
foliage and white and yellow flower-heads (fig. 31),
known also in gardens as Pyrethrum corymbosum.
Under cultivation it grows about 4 feet high, and pro-
bably higher in rich soil. It is as hardy and persist-
ent as the allied species, C. Parthenium, syn. Pyre-
thrum Parthenium, of which the Golden Feather is a
variety. In a wild state it grows from \ to 3 feet
high, and it is a common plant in Central and
Southern Europe, ranging from Portugal to Switzer-
land, Austria, and Turkey. Our illustration was
taken from a plant in the herbaceous ground at Kew,
where we recently noticed it as the best and most
effective of its near allies.
AtrocsT iS, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
201
WILD PLANTS OF THE BRISTOL
DISTRICT.
The communications which have appeared in your
columns from time to time respecting the flora of
other districts having been of interest to me, a few
lines with reference to some of the more interesting
plants of this neighbourhood may be acceptable to
other readers. Dristol is a capital district for botanis-
the woods are perfectly carpeted with the beautiful
flowers of the Primrose ; and although the district
cannot be called the home of the Orchis in the same
sense as the south-east of England and the Wiltshire
Downs are so denominated, the order is yet fairly
represented, nearly one half of the British species
being found here.
Orchis Morio is plentiful and generally distri-
buted, varying a good deal in colour and loca-
tion, occurring often in meadows with the Cowslip,
Fig. 31.— chrysanthemum CORYMBOstrM : flowers white, (see p. 200.)
ing in, as it includes such a variety of soils — Oolite,
Lias, Red Sandstone, Conglomerate, Pennant, and
Mountain Limestone all combining to diversify the
country and render it as prolific in species as it is well
possible to be in the neighbourhood of a large city ;
indeed, it is probable that no other large port in Eng-
land has such beautiful scenery in such close proximity
as Bristol has — precipitous cliffs, well wooded and
upland downs, with wild heaths sloping to the marsh-
lands and meadows that border the Severn. In spring
time the woods are blue with the blossoms of the wild
Hyacinth (Scilla nutans), whilst the lanes and some of
when it presents a pleasant contrast. In favourable
situations it sometimes attains the height of a foot, in
which case it approaches O. mascula, from which,
however, it may with a little practice be readily dis-
tinguished. The last-named is plentiful in some
localities, preferring woods and moist lanes. Though
having a rather sickly odour it is a beautiful species,
and does not appear to vary so much as some of the
others, and certainly not so much as 0. maculata,
which is widely distributed and generally abundant,
varying in size from a few inches high to over 2 feet,
fine specimens having frequently upwards of a hundred
flowers on the spike. This species, like O. mascula,
sometimes occurs in groups of half a dozen or so ; in
the former I could trace no connection between the
tubers, and should suppose the propagation to be from
seed ; this is borne out by the fact that it is very
abundant in places where the grass is not cut. Orchis
latifolia is frequently to be found growing with O.
maculata, where its broad green leaves, dull purple
flowers, generally more robust habit, and hollow
stem, characterise it from its closely allied neighbours.
O. incarnata is not so common, and is, I presume, the
true marsh Orchis referred to by Mr. Webster as being
conspicuous from the beautiful colour of its flowers.
Ilabenaria viridis is a singular plant, and well
worthy of study ; the beautiful adaptability of the two
lateral glands for securing the removal of the pollinia
must strike every one who examines the plant care-
fully, indeed its structure is astonishing when viewed
by the light of Mr. Darwin's researches. The
pollinia are much slower in becoming depressed than
is the case with the other species, upwards of half-an-
hour elapsing before they become nearly horizontal.
It is a scarce plant about here, and occurs in company
with Gymnadenia conopsea, which is much more
plentiful in the few localities where it occurs ; the
latter is powerfully fragrant, and is a beautiful species,
but its fragrance is not so sweet as that of the large
Butterfly Orchis, Habenaria chlorantha, which
grows sparingly in a few of the woods, and should
rank, I consider, as high as any of our native plants,
not only for its beauty and structure, but for its sweet
scent. I have seen it in two localities, and had
specimens given me from a third ; all those seen
had lax spikes of white flowers, the labellum of
every flower being tipped with pale green. Being
desirous of comparing this species with H. bifolia, in
consequence of the difference of opinion respecting it,
I was fortunate in finding a good locality for the
smaller species, though informed the day after that it
was not to be found here. Externally the two plants
are much the same excepting that H. bifolia often
has a nearly dense spike, but it may be at once dis-
tinguished by its parallel anther cells. The pollinia
of the one species can be distinguished from that of
the other by the naked eye ; that of H. bifolia usually
splits into halves soon after being withdrawn from
the flower, these spread out or diverge in such a
manner that the fertilisation of both stigmas may
probably be effected by a single poUinium, though
the possibility of such a thing did not occur to me
until it was too late to put it to the test. O. pyra-
midalis grows plentifully in a few localities. Mr.
Darwin gives the premier position to this plant, since
he says of it, " As in no other plant, or, indeed, in
hardly any animal, can adaptations of one part to
another and of the whole to other organisms widely
remote in the scale of Nature, be named more perfectly
than those presented by this Orchis," &c. After
being kept in water three weeks, the pollinia of some
of the upper flowers exhibited movement, though, as
might be anticipated, much slower than when the
plants were freshly gathered.
In company with the last named may usually be
found the Bee Orchis, Ophrys apifera, which, how-
ever, is less plentiful, though more generally distri-
buted, being sometimes solitary ; one specimen I
gathered had a flower with the labellum uppermost,
the pollinia hanging harmlessly outside — another had
the sepals united, and the pollinia in their cells. Of
about forty plants which I have examined this season
as they grew, the flowers of all were adapted for self
fertilisation, excepting in the two cases mentioned.
It is remarkable what a length of time the fertilised
ovaries of this and other Orchids remain green in
the driest situation after the plants are gathered. I
noticed in one or two instances the ovaries apparently
matured in this way, and liberated seed when they
became dry. Epipactis latifolia is very scarce near
the city ; up to last week I had only seen three plants,
and these were growing alone in widely separate
positions, thus bearing out Mr. Bentham's remark to
the effect that it is often a solitary plant ; but on
Friday last I found it growing luxuriantly in a
moist wood, some of the specimens being very fine,
one plant being over 24 feet high, another had thirty-
five flowers on the spike, twelve of which were open 1
the bottom flower was withered, but none of the
others had the pollinia removed ; this may be
accounted for by the fact that wasps seem to be late
this year, i.e., presuming that they are the only large
insects that visit the flowers. Listeta ovaia is the
commonest Orchis about here, and is widely distii-
202
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..
[August i8, 1883.
buted. Neottia Nidus-avis is to be found by looking
ior it, but must be described as rare : I have only seen
three plants of it, the first underneath a Hazel bush,
and the other two amongst Ivy ; the last were the
finest plants, and were in seed. Of other species of
the order recorded as having been found in the neigh-
bourhood may be mentioned Orchis ustulata, Ophrys
muscifera, Epipactis palustris, Cephalanthera grandi-
flora, and Spiranlhes autumnalis. The last named
grows plentifully on some parts of the Mendip Hills,
about sixteen miles from iiristol ; from these hills
splendid views of the surrounding country can be
obtained, including the Bristol Channel and the Steep
Holmes, where formerly the Pasony grew, but which
is now probably extinct there. This plant was
gathered in 1856 on the Great Ormes Head. A few
weeks ago I found one or two plants of P3eonia
growing wild in a wood ; they were not in flower,
but may probably be P. corallina.
Of Cheddar it is needless to speak as a well-
known locality for rare plants, especially of the
Cheddar Pink, Dianthus ceesius, which is becoming
scarce, owing to the cottagers gathering it for sale.
The pretty little Maiden Pink, D. deltoides, grows
within a few miles of Bristol, though its existence
here seems to have been entirely overlooked, which
is surprising considering the attention which the local
flora has received ; its presence over several square
yards close to where people pass daily, without
having been discovered, leads one to infer that local
botanists must botanise somewhat in the same way
that Bristol men are said to sleep, viz., with one eye
open. Another interesting Mendip plant is the little
round-leaved Sundew — Drosera rotundifolia — which
flowers about this time. Towards autumn the hills
are a beautiful sight with the yellow flowers of the
Gorse, intermingled with which are large patches of
the purple Heath with occasionally its white-flowered
variety, the air being redolent with the perfume of
these flowers, especially of that of the Gorse,
A plant which grows nearer Bristol than it has for
many years been credited with doing is the Yellow
Bird's-nest, Monotropa Hypopitys, yet it is dispersed
over upwards of 20 square yards, and has evidently
grown in the locality for years. The classification of
this plant with Ericacefe seems a singular arrange-
ment, its separation as by Bentley and Balfour being
much more natural.
The Marsh Valerian is a common plant. I refer to
it, as an opinion seems to prevail here that " the male
plant is smaller than the female, in consequence of the
more transient function it has to perform." This is, I
think, a mistake, as in the plants seen by me the
reverse has been the case, the staminate plants being
double the size of the pistillate, and having larger
flowers.
Bristol is a good locality for the Stonecrops, one of
the species — Sedum rupestre — being restricted to the
district. In one locality I found S. album, S. re-
flexum, S. dasyphyllum, S. acre, of course, and S,
Ewersii, all within a few yards. Though the last-
named was wild in the locality referred to, it is
not a native plant. S. Telephium occurs in a few
places, and also S. sexangulare, whilst Cotyledon
umbilicus is plentiful, and generally distributed. The
scarcest of the species named seems to me to be S.
dasyphyllum, though it is said to be plentiful in some
parts.
Of other uncommon planis I have found in the
neighbourhood this season, all in flower except
Thalictrura, may be mentioned Daphne laureola,
Polygonum Bistorta, Primula vulgaris var. caulescens,
Scilla nutans alba, Paris quadrifolia. Euphorbia
Lathyris, Thalictrum flavum, Lathyrus Nissolia,
Vicia Bithynica, Ornithogalum pyrenaicum, Rumex
scutatus, Linaria repens, Hypericum calycinum, Epi-
lobium angustifolium, and Anagallis tenella ; and last
autumn, Malachium aquaticum, Drosera rotundifolia,
and Veronica spicata. frank Gunnings Bristol^
August 14.
Death of Mr. T. H. Corrv.— From the daily
papers of August I we learn the sad news of the
death, by drowning, of Mr. T. H. Corry, who not
long since succeeded Mr. Hillhouse, as Assistant
to the Professor of Botany, Mr. C. C. Babington,
at the University of Cambridge. It is stated that he,
and a friend named Dickson, in pursuit of their
studies, took a boat on Lough Gill, a picturesque
lake near Sligo, when by some unexplained means the
tioat was overturned, and the occupants drowned.
BRITISH ORCHIDS AND THEIR
CULTIVATION.
{Continued from p, 702, vol, xix.)
The genus Ophrys is especially worthy of
notice, on account of the resemblance of the flowers
to the various insect forms whose names they
respectively bear. Of the three or four native species,
the Bee Ophrys, O. apifera, is perhaps the most elegant,
and derives its popular name from the form and
hairiness of the lip, which not inaptly resembles
a bee. It is a frequent occupant of meadows and
pastures in chalky or limestone districts, but is
strangely uncertain in its appearance, frequently
disappearing from localities where it has been known
to exist for years. The tubers of this, as well as the
other species of Ophrys, are ovate or globose, and
generally somewhat downy. The stem rises about I
foot in height, with a few oblong or lanceolate leaves,
diminishing in size from the base upwards. The
different species of Ophrys are usually considered
difficult to cultivate, which is certainly the case to
some extent, but by imitating, as nearly as possible,
their native soil and habitat, success, to a great
extent, may be relied upon. Indeed, this should be
the first study in cultivating these plants, and to
which, as well as at first procuring strong, well
rooted specimens, we attribute much of our success
with some of the more difficult kinds. The Fly
Ophrys, O. niuscifera, is altogether a more slender
plant than the above, with narrower and more
glaucous leaves. The stem, which is from 9 inches to
I foot in height, and somewhat leafy, bears three or
four rather inconspicuous flowers, placed rather dis-
tant, and with a striking resemblance to some sort of
fly. It is occasionally to be met with in the adjoin-
ing island of Anglesey, from whence we have received
good specimens, and it is also abundant in some of the
eastern counties of England,
Another distinct and beautiful species will be found
in the Spider Ophrys, O. aranifera, which to some
extent, especially in stature and foliage, resembles
O. apifera. The flowers are, however, totally different,
the form and colour, which is light brown, resembling
that of the common spider. O. arachnites, another
spider Ophrys, is a rarer and more beautiful plant
than the last, with dark red and blue flowers.
Several species of Helleborine are very ornamental
and well worthy of a place amongst a collection of
our British Orchids. The broad leaved Epipactis,
E. latifolia, is a strong, tall-growing plant, frequently
reaching 3 feet in height, though more commonly half
that size. The leaves, which are very plentiful, are
broadly ovate at the base, the upper ones gradually
becoming smaller and more lanceolate, of a pleasant
green colour, smooth, and strongly ribbed. The
flowers are pendulous, in a one-sided raceme, and
tinged with brown or dull purple. The finest speci-
mens of this plant we have seen were growing in
stiff loamy clay, where the ground was thickly
carpeted with Ivy. We have also noticed it thriving
luxuriantly in rough gravel, on a retentive subsoil.
We have frequently found a highly ornamental and
conspicuous form of this Orchid with white flowers,
closely resembling those of Habenaria bifolia. The
stem of this plant is of a peculiar ash colour, and
quite distinct from the ordinary form, which is almost
green ; no perceptible difference is, however, notice-
able in the foliage of the two plants. The marsh
Epipactis, E. palustris, is a more ornamental plant
than the above, with fewer but larger flowers, nearly
white and striped with crimson. It has much the
same habit as E. latifolia, but the stem, which rarely
rises above I foot in height, is covered with narrower
unplaited leaves. Both species are readily cultivated,
the latter, however, requires a peaty soil, and moist
shady situation.
E. {or Cephalanthera) ensifclia — for the only real
difference between the two seems to be in the flowers
of this genus standing erect whilst those of Epipactis
are pendent — is rather a rare plant, occurring but
sparingly, in usually mountainous woods, in several
counties of England and .Scotland. The flowers are
pure white with a yellow dash on the lip, and standing
nearly or quite erect.
Halienaria. — Three species are included in this
genus, of which H. bifolia, the Butterfly Orchis, is the
largest and most ornamental plant. It is found
abundantly in this locality, growing on soils of
different qualities, but prcfeiiing rich brown or
clayey loam. As the name indicates, this species has
usually only two leaves, although we have several
specimens with three, all equally well formed. It is
a very ornamental plant, with greenish-white flowers,
placed rather loosely on stems of from 12 to 15 inches
in length. The flowers are sweet-scented, especially
in the evening after a shower, when at several yards
distance their delicious fragrance, resembling that of
Honeysuckle, can be distinctly felt. They are easily
grown in good loam, but require to be carefully trans-
planted, as the long Carrot-shaped tubers strike to a
good depth in the ground.
Certain classes of soils seem to alter the general
appearance of this Orchid, and the name of H.
chlorantha has been given to that in which both
foliage and flowers are much larger than those
usually found. That strong heavy loam does produce
a more robust growth in this plant we readily admit,
but a comparison of specimens from different soils
has certainly convinced us that no real difference
exists, and that the extreme type is simply the result
of soil in every way suitable for the healthy develop-
ment of the plant. Strong growth may be induced
in this, as well as in other Orchids, by not allowing
the seeds to ripen on the plant. In some parts of the
park here, where the grass is cut just as this plant
has ceased flowering, it is wonderful how luxuriant
and healthy the specimens appear, indeed more so
than in. other parts where left undisturbed. We were
always of the opinion that stem and leaf were indis-
pensable in the formation of the new tuber, but
certainly this fact, which came under our notice two
years ago, seems to prove otherwise. The same we
have also noticed in O. mascula, O. maculata, and
O. latifolia. [The apparent discrepancy is explained
by the peculiar mode of growth of the tubers —
too elaborate a matter to be more than referred to
here. Ed.]
H. allnJa is a diminutive plant, rarely exceeding 6
inches in height, with a leafy stem and tiny white
flower. It is pretty abundant in this district, in usually
mountain meadow or pasture land, but seems to
prefer a raised mound or hillock amongst short grass,
in which to grow.
The green Habenaria, H. viridis, is another insig-
nificant plant, found plentifully in Anglesey and some
other parts of Wales. From its grass-like appearance
and low stature this Orchid is readily passed un-
noticed, and for this reason may be more plentiful
than is generally supposed. The whole plant rarely
exceeds 6 inches in height, with deep green, ovate or
elliptical leaves. The flowers are rather lax, and
for the most part green and inconspicuous, with a
long, cloven lip of a greenish yellow colour. This
and the latter species are easily grown in rather dry
loamy soil, and should be transplanted with a good
ball of earth attached.
The Musk Orchis, Herminium monorchis, is rather
a local plant, occurring chiefly in the chalky districts
of England. The stem seldom rises more than 3 or
4 inches in height, with two lanceolate radical leaves
at or near the base. The tuber of this Orchid, which
is globular, and not larger than a good-sized Pea, is
produced at the end of one of the fibres proceeding
from the crown, and is therefore at some distance
from the original plant. Great care is requisite in
transplanting this Orchid so that none of the fibrous
rootlets, especially the one at whose extremity the
new tuber is forming, be disturbed. The flowers are
numerous though small, and of a yellowish-green
colour, giving out — especially in the evening — a not
unpleasant odour.
The Man Orchis, Aceras anthropophora. — In this
will be found rather an interesting plant, from the re-
semblance of its flowers to the human form. It usually
grows about a foot in height, with four or five rather
long spreading leaves, of a light green colour, smooth
and shining. From the dull greenish yellow colour
of the flower this plant is rather inconspicuous, and
resembles to some extent, especially in the size and
colour of flower, the Tway-blade, Listera ovata. A
more ornamental form, having the lip tipped with
brown or red, is rarely to be met with. We are
not aware that it has been found in this district,
being chiefly confined to a limestone or chalky
formation.
Tway-blade. — The common Tway-blade, Listera
ovata, is of frequent occurrence in Britain, and usually
found in rather moist, shady woods and pastures. The
root is composed of numerous long, clustered fibres,
generally lying horizontally. Stem from': to 2 feet in
height, with two large broadly ovate leaves, placed
nearly midway up the stem, and terminating in a
August i8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
203
rather long raceme of green flowers. It is a common
plant in this neighbourhood, indeed in some cases it is
a nuisance, and luxuriates in damp, shady woods. We
have frequently found it with three, and in one case
five, leaves placed irregularly on the stem, the two
lower ones being largest.
Lislcia lOidala, or the heart-leaved Listera, is a
much smaller and more slender plant than the
above, «iih slightly heart-shaped leaves. It is also
less common than L. ovala, and usually found on
mountain heaths growing in turfy loam.
The Eu'^lislt I.mlys-slipfLi; Cypripedium Calceolus,
is the only I'ritish representative of the genus, and
now, unless in one or two preserved localities, where
long may it remain, almost extinct. We felt rather
annoyed lately to see the locality, nay, even the exact
spot, where this, one of our rarest British plants, was
to be found, recorded in one of your contemporaries,
the editor of which would have deserved a deep debt
of gratitude from lovers of our British flora had he
censured instead of published such an article. The
flower, for there are rarely two, is large and con-
spicuous, of a rich dark brown colour, the lip alone
being yellow and spotted. In the cultivation of this
plant we have been singularly unsuccessful, which
may be attributed, at least to a great extent, to our
inability to procure good hardy specimens, many of
those sold by dealers in such being grown under
glass, and consequently unfit for outdoor planting.
With a batch of, to all appearance, strong healthy
roots we hope to be more successful in the future.
Ncollia Nidus-avis : the Bird's-nest Orchis. — We
are not aware that this plant has been successfully
cultivated by any one ; indeed, its true nature does
not seem to be properly understood. Some suppose
it to be parasitical ; indeed, the whole plant has the
pallid hue, destitute of green, peculiar to parasitical
plants in general. On several occasions we have
attempted to establish this Orchid but without
success. Mr. Malan, of Cheam, Surrey, to whom
we are indebted for specimens, has furnished us with
the following information regarding this peculiar
plant : — " The opportunities of observing this
most curious plant are certainly few and fat
between, for, besides its acknowledged scarcity,
it does not always reappear in those peculiar localities
where it professes to grow. No doubt this accounts
for the very limited information we possess. I have
as yet only been able to (ind it in one place — namely,
in a small Oak wood near Cheam, Surrey. The soil
is cold, hard, uncompromising clay, which, after a
short absence of rain, becomes cracked, and on the
surface like stone. Beneath it retains its moisture and
is terribly sticky. The difficulty of taking up a plant
uninjured is therefore rather great. The appearance
of the flowers is exquisite ; growing together in clusters
or singly among the Ivy, with which the ground is
covered, there is an airy grace about them which is
rather bewitching — their faint colour, their faint, foxy
odour, their minute gold streak where the pollen
masses lie ensconced, make a picture of great
beauty.
I cannot say that I have been able to observe the
Birds'-nest Orchid very accurately, for those plants
which I placed in pots did not thrive, nor did others
which I transplanted when just above-ground ever
increase. I cannot say either that I have found them
attached to the roots of trees, for the specimens above
mentioned were free in the clay. The roots present
the appearance of vermicelli, all twined together and
extremely brittle. They proceed from a rough, pre-
morse stock, which stock has a few eyes or new plants
showing. I am of opinion that the plant requires the
tannin of Oak or Beech leaves to ensure its growth,
which, if correct, may account for the failure of my
attempt to grow them in pots. The whole plant is
fawn-coloured, with nothing green about it. It has
no leaves, but scales or bracts in place of leaves. The
stalk is tough. The spot where the plants grew in
iSSo was entirely destitute of them in 1881 and also
in 1S82 ; but quite in a separate part of the wood both
this summer and last many fine single plants were to
be observed. In all the specimens I have observed the
supply of seed has been most bountiful. Each seed is
contained in a careful case of fantastic structure,
exactly similar to the seed of O. mascula,"
T/ie Ladys-itvsst-Sy Spiranthes autumnalis, a small
but deliciously fragrant Orchid, is a native of dry, hilly
pastures in many parts of England as well as Ireland.
The leaves, three or four in number, are rather
crowded at the base of the stem, spreading and ovale.
From alongside these leaves issues the flowering stem
to a height of 6 or 8 inches, and bearing small white
flowers in a single spiral row.
Cooi/yt-ra renins is a rare and beautiful British
plant, occurring in only a few counties of Scotland,
and there very sparingly distributed. The leaves are
evergreen, ovate and smooth, beautifully speckled
with light brown, and distinctly ribbed. The flowers
are sweet-scented, small, and nearly white or tinged
with green. It is easily grown in a damp, shady
situation among leaf-mould and sand, but requires
thorough drainage, as neglect of this we have found
fatal to the plant.
The Iwo-kaved IJfaris, L. Lccselii, is a larger
plant than the above, with bright green, lanceolate
leaves and flowers of a pale yellow or lemon colour.
The bulb of this Orchid, which is enveloped in soft
scales, sends up a triangular flower-stem to about
double the height of the leaves. We grow this species
under similar circumstances and alongside Goodyera
repens, both having flowered well with us during the
past season, A. D. Webster, Llandegai, Bangor,
N. IV.
NEW GARDEN PEAS AT
BOREATTON PARK.
Those who are acquainted with Mr. Henry Eck-
ford, and know something of his good work with the
Verbena, Dahlia, Pelargonium, &c., in times past,
will not be surprised to learn that he is still actively
engaged in making judicious crosses, and seeking in
every way in his power to improve some, at least, of
the plants he cultivates so well. He has secured a
very fine break of main crop Peas that appears likely
to be of great service for general garden, and espe-
cially for exhibition purposes. The fact that the
Fruit and \'egetable Committee of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society have recently awarded Mr, Eckford
a First-class Certificate for Duke of Connaught, one
of his new varieties, is ample proof that the strain is a
valuable one. Duke of Connaught is a strong grow-
ing, free-bearing variety, with large, long, well-filled,
pale green pods, square at the end, and very fine for
the exhibition table. It grows about 5 feet in height.
This resulted from a cross between Champion of
England and G. F, Wilson.
Another very line variety, not included in the Chis-
wick trial, has been named Progress. It came from
a cross between Ne Plus Ultra and G. F. Wilson ;
grows 5 feet in height, and is a very fine late variety
of the Ne Plus Ultra type, with very large broad pods
that are well filled ; and this also will be of great
value for exhibition purposes : a vigorous grower, and
a very free bearer.
Another very fine variety has been named Magni-
ficent, and it appears to be one of the very finest of
the main crop wrinkled marrows in cultivation. It
has very large, broad, long, well filled and singularly
handsome pods of a pale green colour, square at the
end, and unrivalled for exhibition purposes. It came
from a cross between Telephone and Ne Plus Ultra,
and grows to a height of 4J feet. In this we get a
very fine-looking Pea of the Telephone type, but
entirely destitute of that puft'y appearance about the
pods that so often proves deceptive. Invincible, sent
to Chiswick under the name of Home Ruler, has
square-topped, large, pale pods, having nine to ten
fine Peas in each on an average. This, like the fore-
going varieties, fills well, and cannot yield a poor crop
if well grown. It came from a cross between G. F.
Wilson and Hair's Dwarf Mammoth, and averages
4,5, feet in height, A variety named Duchess of
Albany comes near to Duke of Connaught, and there-
fore need not be described.
A dwarf variety, named Victor, grows to a height
of 3 feet. It has very fine, well-filled, square-topped
pale green pods ; a prolific bearer, and stands well.
This came from Champion of England crossed with
Advancer. Another, named Perpetual — which is not
a good name, seeing there is already a variety in cul-
tivation named Walker's Perpetual — is of dwarf
growth, has fine pods of the Veitch's Perfection type,
and bears until quite late in the season. This came
from Ne Plus Ultra and William the First. Tested
with Walker's Perpetual, which appears to be a late
selection from \'eitch's Perfection, it appeared to be a
more profuse bearer, and gave larger pods.
And that Mr. Eckford should have a reliable
standard by which to judge of the value of his own
seedlings, he has this season cultivated a few of the
newer introductions of Peas of late years. Robert
Fenn, 3 feet, is a remarkably fine main crop variety,
producing line well filled pods, a free bearer, and of
vigorous growth. The appearance of this fine Pea
fully justified the award of a First-class Certificate by
the Royal Horticultural Society. Culverwell's Giant
Marrow is a fine late Pea, with long well filled pods,
somewhat pointed ; but, good as it is, surpassed
by Eckford's Magnificent. A few other new sorts,
though grown with great care, were decidedly disap-
pointing.
Mr. I'xkford has now grown these Peas for two or
three years, and it can be stated they are uniform and
fixed in character. They deserve to win their way
into the front rank. In prosecuting his crosses Mr.
Eckford aims at attaining to certain definite results,
and he has succeeded in a remarkable degree. It
now remains for the public to endorse by an appre-
ciative approval the work so carefully and successfully
performed with such satisfactory results. They are
dealt with in this paper only after a very careful per-
sonal inspection.
No doubt the fine development of the Peas grown
by Mr, Eckford is due, to some extent, to his practice
of thin sowing. All his new varieties are of a singu-
larly free branching character, and the seeds are sown
well apart ; but they produce marvellous plants,
that fill out the line as densely as do varieties sown
much more thickly, and these plants produce crops
startling in their profuseness. R. D.
YEAST FUNGI.
Dr. Oscar Brefeld, whose work, Botanischc
Untersuchungen tiher ^chirnnielpilze, is well known,
has just published the fifth part of the same work
under the modified title of Botanischc Untcr-
stiehutigen ither Hejatpihe Fortsetzung det SchifH'
inelpilze. The alteration in the title was made with
the object of bringing the work under the notice
of a wider circle of readers likely to be interested in
the fungi of fermentation. This part is devoted to
researches on the Ustilagineas, with especial reference
to the smut diseases of corn. It is preceded by a
disquisition on the artificial cultivation of parasitic
fungi, and followed by an essay on the morphological
value of the yeasts. In his preface the author states
that his investigations prove that the various kinds of
yeast hitherto described and regarded as independent
fungi, are nothing more than the conidial forms
of other fungi. The yeasts, or yeast conidia-
forming fungi, belong to the most different
groups of fungi, as, for example, the Ustilaginese or
smuts, the Tremellinece or jelly fungi, and the
Ascomycetes. They are characterised by pos-
sessing the capability of forming, in or upon
nutrient solutions, conidia, which propagate them-
selves by direct germination.
The multiplication of the yeasts continues in an
indefinite number of generations as long as the
nutrient matter in the solutions lasts, without pro-
ducing any other forms. In this work only those
yeast-forms are dealt with that are conidia-fructifi-
cation of various smuts. Dr. Brefeld goes on to
say that the apparent exclusive occurrence of forms
of smut on determined parts of certain plants has
naturally led to the assumption] that the conditions
essential to the existence of these fungi are only
found in these so-called hosts or nurse-plants, and
therefore that these fungi were parasites in the strictest
sense ; but his investigations show that this view is
preconceived and erroneous. These fungi grow in any
artificial nutrient solution with the greatest freedom, and
the majority of them exhibit therein an unlimited
reproduction. In consequence of the extreme facility
with which these parasites develope on other matrices,
and the indefinite multiplication of their germs in the
form of yeast conidia, the views concerning the whole
subject of their life and distribution and the smuts
they cause, undergo a complete modification. The
work is illustrated with thirteen quarto plates crowded
with drawings, affording evidence of an enormous
amount of labour.
Two full years, the author states, were devoted
to the experiments and researches, and when we
consider that Dr. Brefeld had lost the sight of
one eye entirely before he began them we are
filled with admiration of his courageous perse-
verance with difficult microscopic work under such
adverse circumstances. Part 6 will appear shortly,
dealing with a new type of the Myxomycetes, and
containing the complete life history of a new Ento-
mophthora, which the author has been able to follow
in artificial cultivation through every stage of its
development ; and Part 7, for which most of the
work is nearly finished, will be a continuation of the
researches on yeast fungi.
204
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 1883.
LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.
{^Continued from p. 152.)
71. Epidendrum (Euepidendrum — Amphiglotti-
DEJE) ELLIPTICUM, Graham ; Hook., Exoi. FL,
t. 207 ; Undl., Fol. Orch., n. 2jo ; IVaip. Ann.,
vi., p. 395 ; Lodd,, Bot. Cab., t. 1276. M. crassi-
folium, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3543 —Brazil. Sent
to the Edinburgh Botanic Garden by Captain
Graham in 1824 ; flowered in 1826. Flowers rose-
colrured or purple, half an inch across, about a
dozen clustered at the top of a long scape. Differs
from E. elongatura in its elliptical, blunt leaves.
Hort. Kew.
72. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottideje) elonga-
TUM, Jacq., Ic. PI. Rar., iii., t. 604 ; Lindl., Fol.
Orch., n. 231; Walp. Ann., vi,, p. 395; BoL
Mag., t. 611 ; Lodd., Boi. Cab., t. 986. Amphi-
glottis secunda, Salisbury, Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. ,
i. , p. 294. E. secundum, Linn. ; Jacq., Stirp.
Amer., t. 137. — Mexico to Venezuela and in the
West Indies. Cultivated in this country at the begin-
ning of the century. Flowers about half an inch
across, bright rose, clustered at the top of a long
scape, occasionally branching at the tip. Hort.
Kew.
73. E. (Euepidendrum— Sessiliflor.^;) equitans,
Lind., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 44 ; Fol. Orch.,
n. 237 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 397. — Mexico. Sent
to the Horticultural Society of London, by Mr.
Hartweg. In habit this is like a Fernandezia ;
and it has solitary, sessile, dull chocolate-brown
flowers. Hort. Kew.
74. E, {AuLiZEUM — Schistochila) erubescens,
Lindl.; Hook., Journ. Bot., iW., p. 87 ; Fol. Orch.,
n. 95 ; Walp. Anii., vi., p. 350 ; Batem., Orch.
Mex. and Gnat., t. 32. — Mexico, 7530—8000 feet.
A fine plant, having very large panicles of delicate
rose-coloured flowers about 2 inches across. I
believe this very handsome Orchid has never
borne flowers under cultivation. It is one of the
Orchids that collectors should look after.
E. esculentum Hortul. =r aciculare.
75. E. (Encyclium) euosmum, Rchb. f., Linncsa, xli.,
p, 79. — Brazil. Sent by Mr. Blunt to Messrs.
Low ; flowered by Mr. Day. Allied to E. alatum ;
flowers having the odour of Violets.
76. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottide^e) erec-
TUM, Rchb. f., Bot. Mag., t. 5902 ; Gard. Chron.
1873, p. 646. — New Grenada ?~ Cultivated at Kew
many years previous to being figured in 1871. A
showy species, with ample racemes of rich purple
flowers ; lip deeply fringed, the central lobe again
divided into two spreading segments. Hort. Kew.
77. E. (AuLiZEUM — Schistochila) falcatum, Lindl.,
A7in, Nat. Hist. 1840 ; Fol. Orch., n. 91 ; Walp.
An?i., vi. , p. 348. £. lactiflorum, A. Rich, and
Gal., A7UI. Sc. Nat., s^rie 3, iii., p. 22. E. Par-
kinsonianum, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3778. E. at-
oifolium, Batem. Orch, Mex. and Guat., t. 25 ;
Gard. Chron., n. s., ix. , p. 724. — Mexico and
Guatemala, Introduced by Mr. J. Parkinson,
Consul at Mexico, and cultivated by the Duke of
Bedford. Flowers about 5 inches across, greenish-
yellow, with a brighter yellow labellum that is not
fringed. Hort. Kew.
78. E. (Aulizeum) fallax, Lindl., Orch. Linderi,
p. 9; Fol. Orch., n. no; Walp. Ann., vi.,
p. 353. E. Li?ideni, Lindl., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
xii., p. 397. — New Grenada, at 6000 — 10,000 feet.
Introduced by Linden in 1842. Lindley distin-
guishes two varieties, one having a purple lip
edged with white — the other a white and yellow
lip.
79. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottide^) fasti-
GIATUM, Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 175; Walp. Ann.,
vi.. p. 376 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96.— New
Grenada. Introduced by Mr. Linden in 1843.
Very like E. paniculatum, but with a more erect
stiffer panicle and shorter flowers.
80. E. favoris, Rchb. f., Gird. Chron., n. s., ii.,
p. 98. — Mexico. Imported by Mr. Backhouse,
Holgate House, York. Near E. Boothianum,
differing in its one-leaved pseudobulbs. Flowers
small, yellowish, mottled with brown.
81. E. (Euepidendrum) fimbriatum, H.B.K., Nov.
Gen. et Sp., i., p. 351 ; Walp. Ann., vi.,
p. 406 ; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 263. £. altenratts,
Lindl. ; Hook., Journ. Bot., iii., p. 88. — New
Grenada to Peru, at 8000—11,000 feet. Intro-
duced by Mr. Linden in 1843. A slender plant,
about 6 inches high, with small racemose pale
rose-coloured flowers.
82. E. (Encyclium — Holochila) flabellatum,
Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 15 ; Walp. Aim., vi.,
p. 324. — Mexico. Cultivated by Mr. Harris.
Flowers the size of those of E. odoratissimum, dull
yellowish-brown ; lip yellow, with crimson lines.
E. FLAVIDUM z=. leucochilum.
E. flexuosum = imatophyllum.
83 E, - (Euepidendrum — Paniculat.^) floribun-
dum, H.B.K., Nov. Ge?i. et Sp., i., t. 86;
lAnd\., Fol. Orch., n. 293, in part; Bot. Mag.,
t, 3637. E. ornatutn, Lemaire, "Jard. Fleur., iv..
Misc., p. 67, with a figure. — Mexico. Imported
and cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges before 1838.
Sepals and petals olive-green ; lip and column
white, dotted with crimson. The petals are very
slender, as in E. polyanthum. Hort. Kew.
E. formosum Hi alatum.
84. E. (AULIZEUM— Holochila) fragrans, Swartz ;
Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 122 ; Bot. Mag., t. 1669 ;
Lodd., Bot, Cab., t. 1039 ; Andrews, Bot. Rep.,
t. 645. E, cochleatum, Curtis, Bot. Mag., t. 159,
Fol. Orch., n. 178;
-New Grenada. Intro-
103.
104.
105,
106.
107.
not of Linn. E. csmulum, Lindl., 5(7/. Reg. 1898.
E. linedtufn, Salisb, , Prodr., p. 10. — Widely
dispersed in Tropical America. Cultivated in
this country towards the end of the last century.
Flowers very fragrant, pale green or cream, with
crimson streaks on the lip, variable in size, 99.
Pseudobulbs probably always only one-leaved,
though two are shown in the Bot. Mas., fig. 152.
Lindley distinguishes a variety megalanthum,
having very large flowers, with vivid stripes of
rich crimson on the lip. Hort. Kew.
85. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) Friderici
GULIELMI, Warsc. and Rchb. f., Bonplandia, 100.
1854, p. no ; Xe?iia Orch., i., p, 158, t. 51 ;
///. Hort., n. s., t. 48, copied in Puydt les
Orch., t. 19 ; Gard. Chron. 1873, p. 646. — Peru,
at 6000 — 8000 feet. Discovered by Warscewicz,
and subsequently introduced by Wallis for Mr.
Linden. Flowers dark purple with some white
and yellow at the base of the lip.
86. E. (Euepidendrum) frigidum. Linden, Bot. Reg., ^°^
1845, Misc., p. 76; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 286;
Walp. Ami., vi., p. 411 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96.
— Venezuela. Introduced by Mr. j. Linden, who
found it growing on wet rocks at but little distance
from the eternal snow, at the height of 13,000 feet ^°^
above the sea. Flowers pale rose, in long droop-
ing panicled racemes.
87. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) fuscatum,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 15 ; Fol. Orch.,
n. 36 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 330. E. Sagr<sa?ium,
A. Rich, in Ram. de Sagra Fl. Cub., t. 75. E.
affine. I.e., t. 78, and E. hircinum, t. 77. — Cuba,
Introduced by Captain Sutton and cultivated by
Sir Charles Lemon, in whose garden it first
flowered in 1837. Flowers small, dull yellow,
tessellated, with a pink spot in the centre of a white
lip.
E. FuCHSii =: Skinned.
E. fulgens=:z Schomburgkii,
88. E. FUNKII, Rchb. f., Liniiaa, xxii., p^ 839 ; Walp.
A nn. , vi. , p. 377 ; Lindl. , "
///. Ho7-t., xxviii., p. 96.-
duced by Linden in 1846. Near E. blepharistes.
Flowers whitish, tinged with violet.
E. FUNIFERUM =: polyanthum.
89. E. (Euepidendrum— Amphiglottide-e) fusca-
tum, Swartz ; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 206 ; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 385 ; Bot. Reg,, t. 67 ; Lodd., Bot.
Cab., t. 887; Bot. Mag., t. 2844; Andrews, Bot.
Reg., t. 441 ; Smith, Spicilegiutft, t. 23. E. anceps,
Jacq., Amer., t. 138, Amphiglottis lurida,
Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc. Lotid., i., p. 294. E.
virescens, Lodd., Bot. Cab,, t. 1867. E. 7nusci-
feru77i, Lindl. ; Hook., Jo^irn. Bot., i., p. 6. E.
viridipurpureu7n. Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3666. —
Widely spread in Tropical America. Cultivated
by Loddiges and others. A species of no value as
an ornamental plant. Lindley distinguishes three
varieties, of which the best is E. viridipurpureu77i.
Hort. Kew.
90. E. (Encyclium— Holochila) fusiforme, Rchb.
f., Walp. An7t., vi., -p. 322. — Native country not
recorded. Cultivated by Colvill ; the specimen in
the Lindley Herbarium.
gt. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) gallop avinum, ^°^-
Rchb. f., Botiplandia, 1855, p. 219 ; Walp. An7i.,
vi,, p. 336. — Rio Janeiro. Imported and cultivated
by Consul Schiller, of Hamburgh. A handsome
plant, having large racemes of brown flowers,
with a yellow lip.
92. E. (Encyclium — Holochila) Ghiesbreghti-
ANUM, A. Rich, and Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., st^rie
3, iii,, p. 19 ; Gard. Chro7i. 1868, p. 815. E. tri- I09'
Punctatum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., p. 66 ;
Fol. Orch., II, 12. — Mexico. First flowered in
the garden of Mr. R, Harrison, at Aigburth, near
Liverpool, Flowers small, dull-coloured. Hort.
Kew.
E. GiGANTEUM = E. Guilleminianum.
93. E. GiREOUDiANUM, Rchb. f., Bo7iplandia, 1856, p. ^^°'
327. — Peru. Introduced by Warscewicz, and cul-
tivated by Mr. Gireoud. Near E. cochlidium.
Flowers rose-purple.
94. E. (Encyclium — Sarcochila) glaucum, Lindl,
Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc., p. 29 ; Walp. A7i7z., vi,, ^^^•
p. 325. E. brachiatum, A. Rich, and Gal.,
An7i. Sc. Nat., serie 3, iii,, p. 20. Epithecia
glauca, Knowles and Westc, Ft, Cab., ii., p. 167,
t. 87. Prosthechea glauca, Knowles and Westc,
/. c, iii,, p. III, — Mexico. Imported and culti- 112.
vated by Mr. G, Barker. Flowers in drooping
panicles, small, scentless, green stained with
purple.
E. glaucum ■=. campylostalix.
95. E. globosum, Jacq., Stirp. A77ier., p. 222, t. 133,
fig. 1 ; Re fug. Bot., ii,, t. 140, Jsochilus globo- ^^3-
sum, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch. PL, p. 112.
Cy7nbidium globosu7n, Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ.,p. 1467.
—West Indies. Cultivated by Mr. W. W.
Saunders. Habit of a miniature Isochilus.
96. E. (AULIZEUM — Holochila) glumaceum, Lindl.,
Bot, Reg. 1840, t. 6 ; Fol. Orch., n. 123 ; Walp.
A7in., vi., p. 358. — Brazil. Imported and cuUi- ^^^'
vated by Messrs. Rollisson. Pseudobulbs two-
leaved, with several large brown scales at the base
of the flower-scape. Flowers fragrant, white,
tinged with pink and striped with rose. Hort. ^^5-
Kew.
97. E. glumibracteum, Rchb. f., Hamh. Gari. Zeit.,
xix., p. II. — Costa Rica. Cultivated by Consul
Schiller at Hamburgh. Near E. clavatum.
E. glutInosUm - odoratissimum.
98. E, (Encyclium — Hymenochila) gracile, Lindl.,
Bot. Reg,, t, 1765 ; Foh Orch., n. 48 ; Walp,
AttTt., vi,, p. 335. — Bahamas, Sent to the Horti-
cultural Society of London by John Campbell
Lees in 1833. Flowers green and brown ; lip
yellow, lined with red, Hort. Kew.
E. GRAHAMi:=:phoeniceum.
E. (Aulizeum) grammatoglossum, Rchb. f.,
Li7i7i(ea, xxii., p. 837 ; Walp. A7in., vi., p. 350 ;
Lindl, Fol. Orch,, n, 97 ; ///. Hort., xxviii.,
p. 96. — Venezuela, Introduced by Linden in
1847, A slender species, 6 to 9 inches high.
Flowers yellow, the remarkable lip marked with
six or eight deep red spots.
E, (Encyclium— Hymenochila) gravidum,
Lindl, Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond., iv., p. 114 ; Fol.
Orch., n. 65 ; Walp. Ann., vl, p. 340, — Mexico.
Introduced by Hartweg for the Horticultural So-
ciety. Lindley describes the flowers as green and
never opening. Relchenbach suggests that it was
an abnormal condition of some species.
E. GUATEMALENSE=:oncidioides,
E. Guilleminianum, Lindl, ex Planchon, Hori.
Do7iat., p. 164. E. giganteum, Hort., for which
a reference to the Jour7ial of the Horticultural
Society is given, I have not found there nor else-
where.
E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) Hanburii,
Lindl, Boi. Rrg. 1844, Misc., p. 46 ; Fol. Orch., n.
jj ; Walp. An7i., vi,, p. 344 ; Regel, Gartenflora,
t. 398. — Mexico. Cultivated lay Mr. R. Hanbury,
of Stamford Hill Sepals and petals deep dull
purple ; lip rose, veined with crimson.'
E. (Encyclium) hastatum, Lindl, //bo^. Journ.
Bot., iii, p. 82 ; Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., p. 44 ;
Gard. Clu-oii. 1841, p. 436 ; Fol. Orch., n, 21? —
Mexico. Imported by Messrs. Loddiges. Racemes
a foot long ; flowers fragrant, purple and white or
green, purple and white. I am not sure that the
plant described in the Folia is the same.
E. (Euepidendrum) Harrisons, Hook., Bot.
Mag., t. 3209 ; Lindl, Fol. Orch., n. 172 ; Walp.
Ann., vl, p. 373. E. aeridiforme. Booth, Bot.
Reg. 1845, Misc., p. 12. — Brazil. Introduced by
Gardner and cultivated by Sir C. Lemon at Car-
clew. Flowers green and white.
E. Helleri, Fenzl = gracile.
E. (Euepidendrum spathace-tE) heterodoxum,
Rchb. f., Bo7iplandia, 1854, p. 20 ; Walp. Ann.,
vi,, p, 362. — Venezuela. Cultivated by Mr.
Geitner, oi Planitz. Flowers green.
E. hircinum •=. fucatum.
E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottide-t;) hy-
MENOIDES, Lindl, Fol. Orch., n. 181 ; Walp.
A7171., vl, p. 378 ; ///. Hort., xxviii, p. 96. —
New Grenada. Introduced by Mr. J. Linden, This
has long grass-like leaves, and dirty-white flowers..
E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottide^) iba-
GUENSE, H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp., I, p. 352;
Lindl, Fol. Orch., n. 233 ; Walp. An7i., vi.,
p. 396; ///. Hort., xxviii, p. 96; Fl. Mag., t.
390, — New Grenada to Peru. Introduced by Mr.
Linden in 1844. Allied to E. elongatum, but
much handsomer, having orange-scarlet flowers
with a yellow labellum. Messrs. Backhouse
flowered this, probably the first time in England,
in 1868. Hort. Kew.
E. (Euepidendrum— Amphiglottide^e) imato-
phyllum, Lindl, Gen. a7idSp. Orch. PL, p. 106 ;
Fol. Orch., n, 222 ; Walp. Ann., vl, p. 391.
E. flexuosu77i, Meyer, Fl. Essequeb., p. 260 ;
Tijdschr. Natuurk. Wetensh. , iv. , p. 65. —
Guiana, Brazil. Flowers pale rose, with some-
times a green column, larger than those of E.
ellipticum.
E. (Euepidendrum — Strobilifer^)imbricatum,
Lindl, Fol. Orch., n. 243 ; Walp. Ann., vi.,
p. 401. — Brazil. Cultivated at Kew in 1870,
Spike almost hke a cone ; flowers white,
E, imperator, Hortul, •=. Catillus.
E. incumbens = aromaticum.
E. indusiatum = lacertinum.
E. (Pleuranthium) infaustum, Rchb. f,, Hamb.
Gard. Zeit., xix., p. 13. — Bahia. Introduced and
cultivated by Consul Schiller. Insignificant. This
should have been included in the genus Pleuran-
thium.
E. (Encyclium) insidiosum, (Rchb. f., Linntsa,
xll, p. 80. — Native country unrecorded. Culti-
vated by Mr. W. Bull. Sepals and petals olive-
green, marked with dark brown ; lip yellow,
veined with dark purple.
(Aulizeum — Holochila) inversum, Lindl,
Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc., p. 85 ; Fol. Orch., n. 124 ;
Walp. An7i., vl, p. 358.— Brazil Imported
and cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges. Flowers
straw-coloured, with a few purple streaks. Hort.
Kew.
E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) ionosmum,
Lindl, BoL Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 49 ; Fol. Orch.,
"■ 73 ; Walp. Anti., vi., p. 342,— Guiana.
Imported and cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges.
Flowers rather large, dull reddish-green ; the lip
delicately streaked with deep lilac. The odour
that of the sweetest Violets.
E. isochilum, Rchb. I, Botipla7idia, 1856, p. 326.
— SanvDomingo. Imported and cultivated by
Consul Schiller, of Hamburgh. Allied to E.
aureum.
E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) Jenischianum,
Rchb. f., FL des Serres, ix., p. 98 ; Bonpla7idia,
1854, p. 89 ; Walp. Ami., vl, p. 343. — Bahia.
Cultivated by Senator Jenisch. A handsome
species ; flowers white and rose outside, lilac
inside ; lip veined with purple.
E. Karwinskii = bicameratum.
iTobe coTitinued.)
August i8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
205
VEITCHIA JOANNIS.
In consequence of the time and trouble entailed in
the preparation of dried specimens of Palms, many of
the genera and species under cultivation are imper-
fectly defined. This is the case with the genus
Veitchia, established by Wendland about twenty years
ago. Four species are imperfectly known, and of
these the authors of the Genera Plaiitariun had flowers
only of V. Slorckii and a fruit of the present species,
which commemorates the late John Gould Veitch,
who first succeeded in introducing it into European
gardens. All four species inhabit the Fijian Islands
and the New Hebrides. Veitchia Joannis has never
been figured before, and it has been — in books, at
least — from the first more or less confused with Kentia
exorrhiza. Wendland, who describes oar Palm in
Seemann's Flora Vitiemis, p. 271, gives the following
orange-coloured. The mesocarp is rather thick, and
consists of a number of delicate fibres. The kernel is
ovoid-ellipsoid, tapering into a rather blunt point about
I J inch long and \\ inch in diameter, and is attached,
from the base to the apex, to the endocarp by means
of the raphe, from which proceed a number of deli-
cate white vascular bundles, which are at the base
placed parallel to each other, and towards the point
overlie each other. The albumen, surrounded by a
porphyry-coloured skin, is hard, white, even, and in
the lower part encloses a straight embryo."
Seemann adds: — "This Palm is found all over
Viti, and there is reason to believe that it is also
found in the Tongan group, where, as in Fiji, it is
known by the name of Nin sawa, I am told ; sawa
signifying red in Tonguese (and having no meaning in
Fijian), doubtless in allusion to the fruit, which
merges from bright orange into red. The spadix, on
^^^r
Fig. 32, — VEITCHIA JOANNIS.
account, which we reproduce to show how little is
known of it: — "This Palm was discovered by Dr.
Seemann, who carried young plants of it to Sydney,
where some of them were placed in the Botanic
Garden of that town ; but the others perished during
the voyage to England. Mr. J. Veitch, more fortu-
nate, succeeded in introducing the species into our
European gardens. The fruits were first described
by me in the Bonplandia as those of Kentia exorrhiza
— a mistake for which the discoverer assumes the
responsibility. Seedlings have from the first a straight
stem, their sheath, petiole, and rhachis being of a
dark blood-colour, and covered, when young, with a
grey tomentum, which is interspersed with lancet-
shaped, thin, dark red scales. The leaf-segments are
at the point obliquely truncate, minutely dentate, and
their midrib terminates in a small curve. The fruit is
ovoid-ellipsoid, zj inches long by about I^ inch in
diameter, surrounded at the base by the thickened and
enlarged remains of the flower, glabrous and bright
which the minute monoecious green flowers are in-
serted, is much branched, and the branches form
large bunches, which, when loaded with ripe fruit,
are rather weighty. As many as eight of these
bunches, in various stages of development, are often
seen on a tree at one time. The fruit is about the
size of a Walnut. At first green, it gradually changes
into bright orange, and ultimately merges into red at
the base. The kernel has a slight astringent taste,
and is eaten by the natives, especially by the
youngsters. The wood is used for spars."
Kentia exorrhiza is figured in Seemann's Flora
Vitiensis^ as well as \'eitchia Storckii, and the minia-
ture portraits of these two Palms are so ahke that one
would pass for the other were it not that the former
has numerous stout roots proceeding from the lower
part of the trunk into the ground, like those from the
trunk of a Screw Pine.
Home, in his little book, A Year in Fiji, cites the
name Niu sau for Kentia exorrhiza ; and it would
seem from the following quotation that Niu is the
Fijian equivalent for Palm: — "There are compara-
tively few genera of Palms indigenous to Fiji, but the
several species are numerously represented. The
Niu sau, Kentia exorrhiza, is a tall graceful Palm,
frequently rising to a height of 80 feet in favourable
situations. It is most common in low-lying districts,
but may be found on the tops of the highest moun-
tains. Pritchardia pacifica, the Niu masic of the
Fijians, and the Fan Palm of the settlers, although
not rare, cannot be said to abound in the wild state.
Some species of Otychospermum are very handsome
trees ; one or two species attain the dimensions of the
Niu sau, while others do not exceed the size of a
stout cane."
Home also mentions the Fijian Sago Palm, Sagus
vitiensis, yet not a word does he say respecting the
genus Veitchia. If Seemann was right in his state-
ment that Veitchia Joannis was found all over Viti,
then it would seem to follow that Home has confused
two, or perhaps even more species, in his remarks on
the distribution of Kentia exorrhiza.
Our illustration (fig. 32) was prepared from a
coloured plate sent us by Mr, Charles Vuylstecke, of
Loochristy, near Ghent, who has been so fortunate
as to acquire a considerable number of seeds, and so
has obtained a fine stock of young plants, some of
which were exhibited at the late Ghent show.
HARDY PLANTS WHICH DO
NOT ENCROACH.
On soils which are rich and strong many mixed
herbaceous borders are now an untidy jungle of stalks
and green leaves. It has too commonly been sup-
posed that it is one of the merits of hardy plants that
a border once planted with them may be left to itself
for several years with no other attention but occa-
sional weeding and tying. But if plants are to be left
to themselves for more than two years great care must
be taken about the selection of kinds. Catalogues
generally give the height of plants, but neglect to
give the breadth, which is an important consideration
in their arrangement, but it is still more important to
know at what rate they increase at the root, if sym-
metrical appearance is any object. This rate of
increase varies very much with the soil, and plants
which may be left to themselves without any attention
for several years in sandy soils will soon monopolise,
in retentive and fertile soils, far more room than they
were intended to take.
I propose to mention a few good plants which, in
this garden, where everything has a tendency to grow
coarse, go on for several years without increasing
immoderately. It is a good plan to assign a separate
border to plants of this class, especially where neat-
ness of appearance is an important object. I am
speaking only of herbaceous plants proper, without
including bulbs or shrubs, and confine myself for the
present to a few which flower in summer and
autumn : —
Callimcris incisa. — A plant of great merit, 2^ feet
high, with large Aster-like flowers of lavender colour,
produced abundantly at different heights throughout
July and August. It increases so slowly that I find
small spring cuttings the best way of getting a stock,
and have never ventured to divide a plant.
Gentians. — G. asclepiadea seems to do well any-
where. I have it in many soils and aspects, and it
thrives in them all, but likes partial shade. It is
easily increased either by seed or division, but will be
contented to be left alone for several years. It is
about 2 feet high here, but the white variety grows
more vigorously, and is 6 inches taller. G. septem-
fida is a very variable plant. I grow it in large quan-
tities from seed, and the flower varies from very light
to very dark blue, and the height from 5 to iS inches.
It likes to be left alone.
Inula. — Three or four of these are neat and com-
pact plants. I. hirta, about a foot high, bears long-
rayed yellow flowers, 2 inches across, on upright
stalks. I. ensifolia resembles it, but flowers later.
I. Vaillanti has similar flowers, but is nearly twice as
tall, and has branched flower-stalks. None of these
spread much at the roots.
Ca/«HaKf/«.— These are easily raised from seed,
and give variety in colour. There are C. ccerulea,
C. bicolor, and C. alba, which come from one
another's seed. They are not long-lived plants, but
retain the height and width with which they flower
the year they are sown, and are easily replaced when
206
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 18S3.
worn out, a little fresh soil being given to the new
plant.
Coreopsis. — Many specific names are given, but only
one, C. lanceolata, need be grown, and it is never
either untidy or encroaching. C. tenuifolia is a plant
of some merit, but seems to require a warmer soil
than mine.
Chrysocoma. — The native Goldilocks, though its
flowering time is short, is one of the most brilliant
September plants, growing in a compact mass 2 feet
high, and increasing slowly.
Gillenia (Spiiicd) trifoliata. — A neat and elegant,
though not a showy plant, 2 feet high, with small
white flowers. I have had it growing for five years
in one spot, and it has never seemed divisable.
Anllieriiiii'i. — Nearly all these, but especially A.
liliastrum, are slow to increase. A. liliasirum majus
is one of the handsomest border plants I know, and
well deserves its rank.
Aconitum autuinnak. — Unlike some of its genus,
which grow fast, this species retains a moderate size.
It is 4 feet high, has flowers of a very good blue, and
is the best of ihe Aconites.
Adsnophora. — These seem to be of many names,
but of few kinds. The flowers are like those of the
Harebell, but stifter and less elegant, though better
displayed, being on tall branching stalks 2 feet high.
A useful compact plant, easily grown in well-drained
soils.
Platycodon. — For a long time these would not
flower with me, but good drainage and soil have
enabled me to master them. There are many shades,
from dark purple to white. They require support,
and are about 18 inches high. They flower from
July to September, the later flowering variety being
called autumnale, but I cannot see any other
difference.
Scahiosa cancasica has very large flowers, some-
times 4 inches across, of delicate lavender colour. In
fine calm weather the flowers are beautiful, but are
easily spoilt by bad weather. Grows about 2 feet
high, and spreads slowly,
Grindelia grandiflora^ 2 feet high, a most abun-
dant flowerer ; flowers the size, and nearly the colour,
of those of the Corn Marigold. It is of very good and
manageable habit, one of the best yellow Composites
of its kind.
Hdianthus. — Three may be mentioned as not
spreading beneath : H. multiflorus, 4 feet high ; H.
Iffitiflorus, 6 feet high ; and H. orgyalis, 8 feet high,
or more, never confining itself here to the 6 feet
which its name denotes.
Asters. — The names of these are so misleading that
I will mention only three, all very good and com-
pact : A. pyrenreus, light blue, large-flowered, and
early, 2 feet high, generally called sibiricus ; A.
sericeus, slender stalks, silvery leaves, and delicate
growth ; and A. bicolor, barely 6 inches high, suited
for edging, never spreads.
Other plants compact at the roots are all the
Linums, Diclamnus, Lychnis Haageana, Rudbeckia
subtomentosa. Campanula Van Ilouttei, Veratrum,
oriental Poppies, one form of Physostegia speciosa,
though other varieties run ; Echinacea purpurea,
Arnebia, and Liatris. Any of these may safely be
planted without fear of producing a wilderness. C.
It'o ley Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, An^. 13.
HEDYCHIUM CORONARIUM.
This fine plant is now a conspicuous feature in one
of the stove houses at The Priory, Warwick, and Mr.
Greenfield states that he finds it very useful for cutting
from. The flowers are white, and not like those of a
Dendrobium, for there is a broad divided lip, two
small petals, and two narrow sepals, with a long white
pistil issuing from between the two petals. It is
singularly delicate in appearance, and slightly
fragrant. The plant is of very free growth, and is
potted in a good strong fibry loam ; it absorbs
copious supplies of water, and when growing is
treated to plenty of liquid manure. The flowers are
borne on the points of the strong growths thrown up
from the crown of the plants on the old growths. It
is an easy plant to grow, and really gets but little
attention. Strange to say, this undoubtedly valuable
plant finds no place in Mr. B. S. Williams' Stove
ami Greenhouse Flowering Plants^ though it has a place
in his catalogue. It is one of not a few fine and use-
ful things that deserves to be better known ; but
which, from some cause or the other, are but little
ird|id MoteH ami ileanings.
Odontoglossum ve.\illarium Hillianum. —
This very pretty variety is now in bloom at Messrs.
Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.'s nursery, Park Road,
Clapham. The specimen is a large one, having several
good spikes of its chaste, almost pure white flowers.
The middle of the flower is marked with rose and
brown rays. The variety seems to bloom later than
the ordinary O. vexillarium, and to come in with the
variety rubrum, a good batch of which is in bloom
beside it,
Odontoglossum heiiSaicum, and many other very
fine hybrid Odontoglossums, are in bloom in Messrs.
Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.'s long Odontoglossum-
house. There are some specially fine forms of O.
mulus and other nondescript Odontoglossums, in which
the collection here seems particularly rich.
Dendrobium Dearei, that lovely snow-white
Dendrobe, has been timed by Mr. Shuttleworth to last
in bloom (the same spike) over three months. A plant
or two of it at the nursery, arranged among good
specimens of Odontoglossum cordatum, O. Alexandra
roseum, Cypripedium niveum, Dendrochilum filiforme,
Cattleyas, Masdevallias, Burlingtonia Candida, &c.,
serves to show not only its own beauty, but the valu-
able assistance it gives in heightening the effect of
other plants arranged with it.
Oncidium Warneri.— This is one of those old
and comparatively rare species, seldom met with in
collections at the present time. It appears to have
been originally imported from the cooler regions of
Mexico about 1845, '>nd seems never to have been
very abundant in this country, or if so the plants
have dwindled away, and are rarely seen now.
It is a showy species, having bottle-shaped bulbs of
a dull lead colour, rendering it very distinct from the
majority of its congeners. It produces spikes in great
profusion, about 6 to 10 inches long, bearing six to
twelve small crimson and yellow flowers, of which
the fish-tail-shaped labellum is the most attracting
feature. It is of a hardy constitution, thrives well
when grown in company with O. cheirophorum, and
never fails to yield an abundance of flowers about the
end of July or the beginning of August. The plant
has been in flower with ]\Ir. Peacock for upwards of
three weeks, and it will retain its beauty for fully
three more to come. W. Goslling, Stidlniry Bouse,
Haniinersiiiith,
Ei'iDENDRUM iirassavol.1i. — Amongst the nu-
merous and varied species that bloom from time to
time in the Orchid-houses at Kew, although incom-
parable with the matchless colour of E. vitellinum,
this one may with propriety be reckoned amongst Ihe
best from a decorative or ornamental standpoint.
The sepals and petals are narrow but of great length,
and, notwithstanding their dusky yellow colour before
expansion, become eventually of a shining deep amber-
yellow on the inner face. The labellum is broader
and while with a purple tip. Considering the enor-
mous number of known species and the consequent
similarity of allied forms, this one stands out pro-
minently and distinctly from the rest, as a subject
deserving the cultivator's best attention. Like most
of the species the flowers possess the property of
lasting for weeks in excellent condition. E. brassa-
vola' is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 5664.
FRUIT NOTES.
Free Rearing Api-les. — Amidst the wealth
of Apples found everywhere this season there may
first for the moment perhaps be a tendency to forget
those sorts that in scarce years prove to be our best
friends ; there is the more need to remember these,
because scarce years, as we now find to our cost, must
largely prevail, and were our almost certain fruiters
to fail us as often as the irregular ones do, it would be
a poor look-out for the Apple growers. It is pleasing,
however, to find that whilst some old friends that are
stedfast and enduring are being brought to the front
again, newer kinds are introduced, that when better
known will become very popular, and of these few
perhaps none excel Lord Suffield, Ecklinville
Seedling, and Stirling Castle, We saw the latter
fruiting the other day at Chiswick in marvellous form,
and it was mentioned that so astute a grower as Mr.
F. Dancer is working it on to the stems of many
irregular kinds largely. Market growers especially
who want reliable bearers and early ones, should
grow this Apple, and either by planting, or working
it on to their old and uncertain kinds, soon secure a
big stock of it. Lord Suffield is cropping again in
magnificent style, but the demand for Ecklinville is,
we hear, causing Lord Suftield to be propagated in
less numbers in the fruit tree nurseries. Of old and,
except in the east of England, little known sorts, that
never fail a crop, none is more worthy of notice than the
Harvey Codlin, or Dr. Harvey as it is sometimes called.
This is a fine conical yet handsome kind, has very
much of the Lord Suffield growth, but is far hardier
and more enduring. It shows some neglect on the
part of trade growers that there are many lists
in which this kind does not figure, and yet it will be
found by those who henceforth may grow it to be
second to none as a reliable bearer, producing fine
handsome fruits, fairly early, and of capital looking
quality.
The Fruit Crops. — Alas ! there is, as the old
saying puts it, many a slip 'twixt the cup and the lip ;
and it would appear th,at the same disappointment
awaits Ui with regard to the fruit crop, at least that
portion now remaining consisting of Apples and Pears,
which are being knocked from the trees and beaten
about by the wind in a most cruel and deplorable
manner. Here, for the past two days, it has been
blowing very strong, and this evening (the loth), while
I am writing, the pressure is as great as it has been
since the gale first set in. Many Apples and Pears
are lying on the ground, and it can plainly be seen
that those hanging are chafed and bruized in the skin,
which injury is sure to check and interfere with their
swelling, as well as damage their appearance when
ripe. Fortunately most trees could spare some, but
I greatly fear, where they are growing in anything
like exposed places, the loss will be severe, and the
worst part of it is that the fruit at this stage is not of
much use, except it may be that of a few early kinds,
which may perhaps be kept a short time before being
cooked. One satisfactory feature about Apples and
Pears is that, the trees, notwithstanding the load they
had on them, are making good growth, and the leafage
is not only ample, but clean and bright — which all
promises well for another year, as with so much
vigour and strength yet in them they cannot fail to
develope and set plenty of bud, which they are rarely
able to do when taxed with a crop. y. Sheppard.
Early Peaches. —Although the season is some-
what late, we have been gathering Early Rivers' Peach
outdoors for the last week, the first being ready
on August 4, and the rest have followed on so quickly
that most, not pulled, have fallen into the net under
the tree, which they leave as soon as they are at all
ripe. Although not of first-class flavour, the fruit is
very juicy, and it is convenient havinga Peach that will
come in on the open wall at the season it does. The
tree being young last year, I thought it would be a
small sort, but the Peaches are as large as most of the
late kinds, the fruit being much depressed at the
crown, and the skin pale, with only faint streaks of
colour where it is exposed to the sun. Early Beatrice
and Louise were in about the same time, but both are
too small to be of much value unless they were of far
better flavour. Alexander is said to be the best of all
the early Peaches, and I shall be glad to hear how it
has turned out with those who are growing it, and
whether it really deserves to be planted, as the time
will soon be here for such work to be done. y.
Sluppard.
In all gardens of any pretensions whatever a
good and continuous supply of salad is ejipected
the year round, and Lettuce must form the main
portion. On or soon after the 22d of this month
is considered the best time to sow winter Lettuce,
and a south border is the best place to sow them
on, in 4 feet beds. We sow, of Cabbage kinds,
the Tom Thumb, for planting-out in frames, and
Lee's Immense Hardy Green, a variety which no
winter has ever killed here ; and All the Year
Round is another good kind, a somewhat later sort,
which comes in fine with a little protection. Of
Cos kinds we sow the Brown Cos, the Sugarloaf,
and Hicks' Hardy White, which are best sown rather
thinly, and left in the seed-beds till spring. Two
AURUST iS, 1S83 ]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
207
conditions are, however, necessary to their well-
being: first, sec that the beds slope sufl'iciently to
throw ofl' the winter rains, and, secondly, keep a
constant look-out for slugs. It is well to get a con-
siderable breadth of border dug, because, on the
same day, and under the same conditions, the sowing
of Cauliflower for next year's summer supply must be
got in. The Early P'orcing, Early Erfurt and Stadt-
holder make a fine succession. One or more beds
ought also now to be sown of American Cress, Corn
Salad, and red Cabbage, and if the winter Onions
and Spinach are not sown, as advised in our last, not
a day should be lost in getting them in. The
Onion crop in many localities will now be ripe, and
when thoroughly dry the bulbs should be stored
away in the Onion-loft, where, in arranging them, see
that late-keeping kinds, such as James' Long Keeping,
are kept separate for use late in the spring. It mat-
ters not how cold the loft is for storing Onions pro-
vided it is dry and airy ; the ground from whence the
crop has been harvested is a capital place on which to
plant Coleworts at i foot apart. These will aflbrd a
good supply of greens for winter use. As fast as
Peas are finished clear them olT the ground, and con-
tinue to plant Broccoli and Borecole ; the Lapland
Kale is most useful for a late supply. Scarlet Run-
ners and late Peas will in many localities need water-
ing and mulching to keep them bearing, and the dwarf
French Beans sown last month should be well looked
after, as they will be invaluable during October and
November ; indeed, this crop is indispensable when
venison is in the bill of fare. Continue to earth-up
early Celery, and, if the weather is dry, water late
kinds. Pass the hoe through late Parsley and the
last sowing of Carrots, to induce them to grow strong
before winter sets in. Where Radishes are used
during winter this is the best lime to sow them, and
the Turnip-rooted kinds are the best for that purpose.
Tomatos will still need nailing up and to have super-
fluous shoots removed, and those under glass should
be gathered three limes a week. If not already done,
let the early Potatos all be dug up and sorted, and
where a sufficient breadth of Leeks has not been got
in they may still be planted ; also get the last batch
of Endive planted out in various situations, and some-
where where it can have a little protection in extra
severe weather. Keep the hoe going to encourage
growing crops and keep weeds under, and let neat-
ness and order prevail everywhere. See that the
refuse vegetable heap is kept covered up, as nothing
is more pestilential than a reeking mass of decaying
vegetable matter. J. Rust, EriJ^e Castle,
31flelons anb iCucumbers.
Melons. — Late plants which have just set their
fruit should, as soon as they commence to swell,
have them thinned out to three or four on each plant,
leaving, of course, the best and most even-shaped fruit.
Let the plants, when necessary, have a good soaking
of weak liquid-manure while swelling-oft' their fruits.
Damp the plants and the house in which they are
growing mornings and afternoons during bright days,
and when the temperature is likely to fall below 70°
at night let the fires be lighted. Ventilate freely on
all favourable occasions, and shut up about 3 r. M.
during sunshine with a temperature of 85°, which
maybe allowed to run up to 90°, with plenty of atmo-
spheric moisture. Plants growing in dung frames
should have water applied to them very sparingly
now that the days are getting shorter, with a conse-
quent prolongation of atmospheric moisture, which
must necessarily arise in frames so heated. More-
over, plants grown under such circumstances are not
likely to suffer for want of water at the roots. As
the chances of ripening late crops of fruits satisfac-
torily in these frames depends in a great measure
upon the character of the weather, which is now
favourable to their development, every opportunity
available should be embraced with the object of
achieving a satisfactory result ; therefore close the
house early every afternoon, and, if the day be bright
and sunny, damp the plants lightly at the same time.
H. IV. H'aiJ, Longford Castle Gardens.
Cucumbers. — The house in which winter Cucum-
bers are to be planted should be thoroughly cleansed —
the woodwork washed with soft-soap and warm water,
and the brickwoik and plaster with hot lime— for the
reception of the plants. See that the drainage is per-
fect before putting in the compost, which should be
composed of the ingredients and in the proportion
recommended in my last Calendar. Choose a dry day
for mixing and getting it into the house, previous to
which the drainage immediately over the hot- water pi pes
should be covered with turves, placed grassysidedown-
wards. This should be made into a ridge in the centre
of the pit, or space allotted for the bed, and formed
into hillocks, in accordance with the number of plants
intended to be planted thereon, and within the re-
quired distance of the glass, making due allowance
for the subsiding of the soil. If the seeds have been
sown and subsequently treated as recommended in
these columns on the 4th inst., they will be ready in a
lew days for shifting into their fruiting pots and boxes,
or for planting on the hillocks. The plants, having
been watered some time previously to being turned
out of the pots, should have their roots disturbed as
little as possible in the process of planting, pressing
the soil firmly around each plant at the time of doing
so, after which they should be supported by small
sticks, which can be fastened to the first wire of the
trellis. Should the sun be bright at the time the plants
are being shifted it will be advisable to shade them for
a few hours daily for a few days until they have estab-
lished themselves, when it can be discontinued alto-
gether. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle, Wilts.
;jlants and tl\clii \}M^,
Ferns.— It will be necessary to keep a watchful
eye against the depredation of insect pests amongst
these plants now more especially, though at all times
this essential work should not be overlooked. If
brown scale or black thrips gain a foothold to any
extent the fronds will be disfigured for the rest of the
season, and as many of these cannot be removed now
with the hope of advantageously replacing them by a
vigorous young growth, the endeavour should be made
to keep the matured fronds as clean and healthy as
possible. Where it is thought necessaiy to give any
a further shift this year, no delay should now be
allowed in performing this work, in order to have the
plants well established before winter comes on. In
most cases, however, it will be found preferable to
assist those that have become pol-bound with slight
stimulants ; weak liquid manure or Peruvian guano
will act beneficially on free-growing kinds. Nearly
all the exotic Ferns that are most popular will, when
in a healthy condition, and the pots are well-filled
with roots, take a liberal quantity of water. Gymno-
grammas should be closely looked after in this respect,
and be well supplied at the root, but kept dry over-
head. The fronds of these ornamental Ferns quickly
wither up if overlooked ; and the same remarks apply
with equal force to Pteris scaberula. Adiantum Far-
leyense needs also a liberal supply. II this Fern has
suffered at any time it will be observed afterwards
that portions of the fronds are dried up. We used to
attribute this to the dense growth, but now feel con-
vinced it was caused through the plant being allowed
to get too much on the dry side. All Ferns that are
being grown in baskets will also need Ihe closest
attention. If any of these are suspended over a path- .
way where the drip is an inconvenience, the better
plan will be to give them a good watering overnight.
Tree Ferns should also be well looked after ; in
a healthy state they will take an almost unlimited
supply of water ; the stems and fronds should like-
wise be well syringed at least once a day. Where
this cannot at all times be conveniently done the
stems can be well moistened through a fine rose
attached to the water-can. It is grievous to look at
a Tree Fern that has been allowed to suffer through
want of sufficient water. Those that are carrying
large crowns of foliage may, as a safeguard against
this occurring so easily, have the stems bound up with
sphagnum moss ; the roots will quickly take hold of
this, and the plant will not be so dependent on drawing
its supply from the pot or tub in which it is for the
time being grown. Gleichenias that have become
dense in foliage with a large amount of undergrowth
should be gone over carefully to remove any that have
become stale or are decaying. We make it a prac-
tice to untie ours once a year, and cut out such as are
unsightly, and then re-arrange the plant into shape
once more. When this is being done the rhizomes
that have extended beyond their limits should be care-
fully pegged inwards again, and have a slight shaking
of sandy peat sprinkled over them. By thus thinning
out the old foliage more room will be given for the
young fronds to push up strongly from the base.
Keep the stock of decorative Ferns, and such as
are being grown for supplying cut fronds, as light
and airy as possible with safety to the plants.
Adiantum cunealum in particular should be thus
treated when any great quantity has to be provided
for cut supplies. The fronds of this Fern are far more
durable when thus grown in light and air. Give
attention to the removing of all old fronds to avoid
damping-off occurring later on in the season, and do not
overcrowd the plants to any undue extent. Take
every opportunity of increasing the stock of the more
useful Uavallias, such as IX bullata, D. elegans, and
D. dissecla. These are amongst the most valuable
Ferns grown and should be more cultivated than they
generally are to supply cut fronds, lasting as they do
for a week or ten days in perfect condition. Seedlings
of many Ferns will be found springing up in different
directions, by pricking these off at once they will
become nicely established by winter. For furnishing
work look after such as Asplenium bulbiferum and A.
flaccidum ; these can be readily increased from the old
fronds. Pteris tremula and P. cretica are two
very useful plants, so is Ilypolepis repens, with
Nephrolepis tuberosa and N. pectinata for vases. Of
the Filmy Ferns, Todea superba is an excellent sub-
ject under a glass case for growing in a living-room.
Any such that have filled their present position should
be allowed more room before any of the young fronds
become crippled through want of this essential ex-
tension.
Greenhouse Plants : Camellias. — The
present is a very good time to shift any of these
plants that may require this attention. We pre-
fer to perform this work after the growth has been
made for the season, rather than at the commence-
ment of the same. If done when starting into
growth, the chances are, that an extra strong
shoot might be the result, terminating in a cluster
of wood-buds in place of the necessary flower-buds.
The roots will still be found to be in an active state
if the plants are in good health, and will quickly lay
hold of the new soil. This should be of the best
description ; we use turfy yellow loam and sound
fibrous peat as our staple compost, with a goodly
amount of silver-sand added. In this mixture ours
are thriving well, with vigorous dark green foliage.
In potting use every precaution to work the fresh
soil firmly around the old ball, and allow a goodly
amount of drainage, as Camellias in a healthy state
require abundance of water. Plants that are standing
out-of-doors should be syringed on hot days towards
the evening ; guard them also against being blown
over by the wind, especially if just fresh potted.
Where there are signs of white-scale take the first
chance of getting rid of the same by an extra strong
dose of any approved insecticide that has previously
been found eflicacious. Roman Hyacinths, Paper-
White and Roman Narcissus should be procured
and potted up without delay if an early bloom
is required. We have ours in, and shall get them
in their pots as soon as possible ; then to be
plunged in cocoa-fibre just above the pots, where the
warmth of the sun's rays penetrates into the soil. Thus
treated root-action soon commences, and the flower-
spikes appear without any forcing at all. When
advanced so far they can be easily brought on as re-
quired. Lachenalias for an early batch may be shaken
out, re-assorled, and potted up again. Though this
bulbous plant will not bear forcing, an early potted-
up lot can be had in flower a bit earlier than usual.
James Hudson, Gminersbury House, Aug. 14.
Peaches anb Wectarines.
It is very essential at this season of the year to keep
early and second houses as cool as possible. If the
roofs are fixed keep all the ventilators and doors open
to the fullest extent, but if the roof is made with
movable sashes (which is very desirable for early
houses) they may, if not already done, be now taken
off altogether, with great benefit to the inmates. A
good opportunity is also afforded to get the lights
thoroughly cleaned and painted, and any necessary
repairs dene to them that may be required, which are
much more easily effected than when they are on the
roof. Examine borders in succession-houses, and if at
all approaching dryness, give liberal supplies of water.
Keep all young shoots in late houses tied-in close and
straight, and carry out the directions given in last
Calendar. J. IVallis, Keek Gardens, Aug. 14.
2o8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Trade Sale of Dutch Bulbs, by Protheroe
Monday,
Aug. 20 4 ''''? ,, .
° I fit Morns.
Wednesday Aur. i, i Trowbridge Horticultural Society's Show.
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 22 | 5^,^ ^^ OMc'n Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
f Basingstoke Horticultural Society's Show.
Dundee Horticultural Society's Show (three
I days)
XuTTDcnw A...T -r, J Flower Show in Bowood Park, Calne.
Thursday, Aug. 23 ^ g^,^ ^^ Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
I Rooms.
I Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
L Morris' Rooms.
Pc.T^Av A „ «. I Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Friday. Aug. 24 j j,^^,^, ^„„^^
SATt;RDAY, Aug. 25 — Sale oi Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
OUR remarks on the uselessness of most of
the collections of Wild Flowers ex-
hibited at flower shows having been miscon-
strued as condemnatory of all encouragement
of wild flower competitions, we hasten to assure
our correspondent, "W. P.," and others in-
terested in the matter, that they have our
heartiest sympathy and support in all their
efibrts to foster a love for wild flowers, and
especially in their endeavours to create a taste
for the beautiful. In proof of this we need only
refer to p. 89 of the same issue, in the report of
the Ealing Horticultural Society, where, com-
menting on the stands of cut flowers, we say,
" Specially charming was a stand dressed solely
with wild flowers and grasses, sent by Mrs.
HA'V'WARd, of Ealing — a few blooms of the blue
Cornflower, Buttercups, Ox-eye Daisies, wild
Roses, and some grasses making up a pretty
arrangement."
What we had in view at the time we penned
the statements alluded to by our correspondent,
and what may be seen at nine out of ten of the
flower shows at which prizes for wild flowers
are offered, were the " collections of wild
flowers," consisting of bunches of the various
sorts huddled up together in the most tasteless
manner imaginable, and the truly hideous
" bouquets of wild flowers," in which the domi-
nating idea is to crowd together a mass of
flowers without any regard to the disposition
of the colours. Then there were on our mind
those still uglier monstrosities called " floral
devices." The memory alone of what we have
seen exhibited under this denomination is suffi-
cient to give us a chill — elephants, towers,
shields, crosses, crowns, and a variety of other
" devices" have come under our observation ; and
the perpetrators of such absurdities have been
awarded prizes, and thereby stimulated to
devise something still more fantastic and out-
rageous. Such are the competitions we dis-
courage and wish to see discontinued.
In the place of collections of wild flowers we
should like to see selections of wild flowers,
the number of different kinds or species being
defined in the schedule for each class, if more
than one. Correct names here, as in the classes
for cultivated flowers, should count for much,
but the taste exhibited in the selection and
arrangement should count for more. That the
nature of the competition be clearly defined
and limited in the schedule is of the first im-
portance, otherwise competitors start in the
dark, and to some extent on unequal terms.
The amount of space allowed, the number of
kinds to be e.xhibited in a given class, whether
names (English or Latin, or both) will be con-
sidered essential, are all points to be remem-
bered by the framers of a schedule. It would
also be well to point out whether mere rarity
would influence the judges. As to this latter
point, we should strongly discourage any
procedure which might lead to the exter-
mination of a rare plant. These details are
as necessary for the judges as for the com-
petitors, because they serve to lighten the
duties of the judges, and their decisions would
be more likely to give general satisfaction. Ac-
cording to the locality in which the show is to
be held, prizes might be offered for selections
of maritime plants, of aquatic plants, of plants
mainly confined to the chalk or other formation.
For horticultural societies to attempt purely
botanical work is, in our opinion, speaking
generally, a mistake ; for, as " W. P." observes,
the judges of cultivated plants are unwilling to
pass judgment upon exhibits of wild flowers,
though we believe their unwillingness proceeds
more from the consciousness that correct naming
— a point they cannot determine — counts for
more than everything else — than contempt for
wild flowers. Time was, within our memory,
when many of the more intelligent gardeners
did not appreciate the beauties of wild flowers ;
but it should be remembered that gardeners
were not alone in defective taste.
To return, however, to the botanical side of
the question, to offer prizes for the " largest and
best named collection of wild flowers " is not
the way to advance botany (that is, a knowledge
of plants), nor is it calculated to promote or
diffuse artistic taste. We repeat, it encourages
mere collectors, many of whom know nothing of
the plants beyond their names, which they pain-
fully copy from a book. It also tends to the
extirpation of rare plants ; and a fully competent
botanist is necessary to act as judge if there are
several competitors. On the other hand, we
believe that it is possible in almost every dis-
trict to find amateur botanists qualified to speak
to the naming of such selections as we recom-
mend— we mean, to the same extent as the
ordinary judges are qualified to criticise the
naming of the exhibits of cultivated flowers.
With regard to judging purely ornamental
arrangements of wild flowers there should be
no difficulty, or at least no greater difficulty
than in judging ornamental arrangements of
cultivated flowers. And offering prizes for
ornamental arrangements of wild flowers is,
perhaps, the surest way of encouraging children,
or even adults, to acquire that kind of know-
ledge of them that will be serviceable and
pleasurable to persons who are not training for
botanists. Inculcate a love for wild flowers,
and it will lead to inquiry and research.
Rose Queen of Queens.— In the illustra-
tion on the opposite page our engraver has succeeded
admirably in the reproduction of one of Mr. H.
Fitch's characteristic sketches. The variety repre-
sented is the new Rose, Queen of Queens, which has
been exhibited on various occasions during the present
summer, and which is a continuation of the series of
novelties which have been introduced by Messrs.
Wm. Paul & Son, of Waltham Cross. Its posi-
tion as a desirable novelty has been recognised by
the award of a First-class Certificate by the Royal
Botanic Society of London. It is of a somewhat
different strain to the ordinary run of hybrid per-
petual Roses, being a cross between a hybrid per-
petual and the Maiden's Blush, The flowers are
pink, edged with blush, of large size, with smooth,
well-rounded petals, closely and evenly arranged from
the circumference to the centre of the flower. It is
distinct, very sweet, and quite a show Rose, but even
of more value as a garden Rose, on account of pos-
sessing a hardy constitution, and flowering abundantly
in late summer and autumn, in which quality many of
the hybrid perpetual Roses are deficient.
International Exhibition at Nice. —
An International General Exhibition is to be held at
Nice, opening on December i, 1S83, and closing
May I, 1884 ; and we have received from Mr. A.
Mazel, the Secretary of the Horticultural Division, a
copy of the regulations and rules to be observed at the
permanent and temporary exhibitions of the products
of horticulture and objects connected therewith.
These rules and regulations are much the same as
those with which exhibitors at Continental shows are
familiar, but persons wishing for further information
should apply to the gentleman named above. The
programmes and schedule of prizes are to follow
shortly.
Dahlias at South Kensington. — The
fine size and quality of the Dahlia flowers shown
by Mr. C. Turner on Tuesday last, proved beyond
doubt that the present summer is bearing fruit in
the shape of a remarkably fine Dahlia bloom. It
is said the plants are vigorous, clean, and healthy,
and when this is the case fine flowers are certain.
We may therefore confidently expect that the Dahlia
Show, to take place at the Crystal Palace on August
31, will be one of exceptionally high quality. The
stands of single varieties shown by Mr. Turner
and also by Mr. Ware, were highly attractive, fine
in form, varied and brilliant in hue. In Mr. Turner's
collection Morning Star, rich scarlet ; Alba, white;
Huntsman, crimson ; Rob Roy, brilliant crimson ;
Rosalind, salmon-orange ; and the fine old unbeaten
Paragon, were particularly noticeable. There were
other varieties of excellent merit also ; and the
double bouquet Dahlias were very pleasing also,
being in good variety and excellent character. Mr.
Ware had, as usual, a very fine lot of single varieties,
some shown for the first time. Among them were
Ellen Terry, bright pink, very fine ; Orangeman,
clear orange ; Henry Irving, rich bright crimson,
very fine ; Negress, glowing maroon, very fine ;
Lucy Ireland, bright rosy-purple, and others. Shown
in bunches they were very effective, and they afforded
great delight to such of the visitors to the Fisheries
Exhibition as found their way into the conservatory.
Amsterdam International Exhibi-
tion, 1883.— We understand that the whole of the
grounds round the Exhibition buildings were sown
with Sutton's grass seeds, and the Messrs.
SuTi'ON have just received the announcement that
the highest recompense, viz., the Diplome d'Honneur,
has been awarded them. We are also informed that
Messrs. Bakker Brothers, bulb growers, of Benne-
broek, near Haarlem, have been awarded a gold
medal for their collection of bulbs,
Successful Flower Shows. — It is some-
times said that a decline is manifest in the case of
great exhibitions held in London, and that while to a
great extent maintaining theit high character as dis-
plays of horticultural produce, they are not so success-
ful financially as the promoters could desire. On the
other hand, some country shows are great successes in
regard to their finances, and this is perhaps not so
much because of their character as shows — for this is
sometimes poor — but because the occasion of the show
is made a district holiday. Thus, at Atherstone,
Warwickshire, a small town noted for its hat manu-
factories, a flower show was held at Merevale Park
on Bank holiday, the large sum of /140 was taken at
the gates, another £,\o being taken by the sale of
tickets ; but, in addition to the flower show, there
were provided certain outdoor entertainments, wind-
ing up with a display of fireworks. This last espe-
cially attracted the people from the surrounding
villages, and despite the great attraction of Lady
Godiva at Coventry, hundreds came from Tamworth,
Nuneaton, Polesworth, Hinckley, &c. There are
persons who look with something like horror upon
any proposal to add to a flower show anything beyond
the plants and flowers ; but in many parts of the
country the flowers of themselves fail to attract. Is it
not wise, therefore, to make the exhibition the central
feature, and add to it something of an entertaining
character in the evening? Let it be remembered that
flower shows are held generally in the long days of
summer, and that it is necessary to close the tents by
7 o'clock in the evening, in order to admit of the
removal of the plants, &c. It is then that something
is needed to attract the notice and engage the atten-
tion of sight-seers. It is not difficult to add some
entertainment of a pleasant character, and promoters
of flower shows find that one great advantage at least
results from this — that the tents are cleared at removal
time, that there is less of pilfering in consequence, and
that exhibitors work with a greater sense of comfort
and convenience in the important matter of the safe
removal of their exhibits,
Poisoned Soil.— At the Middlesex Indus-
trial Schools, Feltham, there may be seen an interest-
ing example of the effects of coal-gas upon soil. It
seems that a few years since a pipe for the carrying
of gas was laid across a piece of ground devoted to
farm crops, and in some way or other there was a
small local escape, the gas permeating the soil, and
apparently poisoning it through an area of about
4 feet square. As a result nothing will grow on the
infected soil, and during the past season there has
been seen the curious spectacle of a big hole or barren
patch of soil in the midst of a luxuriant crop of
Barley, for not even the coarsest 0/ weeds will thrive
on it. This one example is worth thousands, if
needed, to show how very destructive to plant life is
coal-gas, and that in towns and suburban districts,
where service pipes are laid, and with none too much
of care, the worst results to trees and shrubs follow.
lllf^^JlglgJl^jJ^^^^^^^jl^^i^^J^^^jj^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
210
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 1883.
Some of the gas companies now lay their service
mains in a coating of pitch. All who have such
mains laid within their gardens or grounds should be
careful that a similar precaution is taken. The com-
panies do this to save their own pockets, although
they make the customer pay for the additional precau-
tion. But it is evident that gas-escapes into soil in
which vegetable life is existing must be most danger-
ous and harmful. It is bad enough to have beautiful
flowers and foliage withered and destroyed by its
products after combustion, but the effects of the
gaseous compound upon the soil and what is within it
seems to be even worse. We keep the plants from
the gas, and we must be not less careful to keep the
gas from the soil,
New Varieties okGladioli. — Messrs. Kel-
WAY & Son, Langport, and Messrs. ViLMOKIN, An-
DRIEUX & Co., Paris, made a rare display of these at
the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting on Tuesday
last. The Langport flowers were numerous and
superbly beautiful, bold and striking in their propor-
tions, and rich in colour. Her Majesty, a delicate
blush variety heavily flaked with purple, and Duke of
Teck, pale red flaked with maroon, well deserved the
First-class Certificates awarded to them. All were so
good that the Floral Committee must have had some
difficulty in making a selection. In the collection from
Paris were some very fine varieties, and the same
award was made to two of them, viz., Andre Leroy,
deep rose flaked with delicate lilac, and Grand
Rouge, bright salmon-scarlet, the throat flamed with
purple, very fine and distinct. But for its rich bril-
liancy of colour what could compare with Ball of
Fire in Messrs. Kelway & Son's stand ? Its bril-
liant vermilion hue could be seen some distance away;
it is one of the most striking varieties in cultivation.
BiDDLEs' New White Rocket Candy-
tuft.— Under this name Messrs. BiDDLES & Co.,
florists, &c., of Loughborough, exhibited at the
meeting of the Atherstone Horticultural Society a
vigorous growing and very distinct looking annual
Candytuft ; it is of a distinct habit of growth, quite
unlike that of the ordinary annual Candytufts, and is
characterised by a vigorous development ; the snowy
whiteness of the flowers, their large size and form,
and by the long rocket-like trusses of bloom, which
reach a length of 6 inches, and are at the same time
very symmetrical — one could almost imagine that the
blood of Iberis gibraltarica had been infused into it,
as the strong foliage and manner of growth suggests
this, but it is an annual and not a perennial. It is
said to be perfectly hardy, and stands the winter well,
and therefore seed should be sown in autumn and
again in spring. This desirable Candytuft is next
season to be distributed by Messrs. BiDDLES & Co.
Its parentage is not known, but it is supposed to
have originated in Scotland, and was selected by the
Loughborough firm. At Atherstone it was awarded a
First-class Certificate of merit, as a new and desir-
able plant.
Clematis Jackmanni.— For several weeks
past travellers by the loop line of the South-Western
Railway have not failed to notice a truly beautiful dis-
play made by Clematis Jackmanni in the Wood Lane
nursery of the firm of Messrs. Charles Lee & Sons,
Isleworth. On either side of a long path are stout
poles up which the plants are trained, and from the
tops of the poles run the entire length stout strips of
wood all of which is covered with growth and flowers,
presenting an effect that is unwonted and beautiful.
As the Clematis growth forms a cluster at the top of
each pole natural arches are formed between, and it
does but need that there should be beneath each a
stout pyramid or bush plant of other equally robust
late summer blooming kinds to complete that which
has been so well begun. Few arrangements can
better tend to illustrate the rich merits of Clematises
than does the one under notice.
Mignonette. — At the Bedfont Seed Grounds
there is now growing a breadth of the Giant White
strain of Mignonette, the plants of which, raised in a
frame, were dibbled out in the month of May, each one
about 15 inches from the other. It is supposed that
Mignonette transplants badly, and as the young plants
seem at the first to almost disappear there seems so
far ground for the impression that they soon die.
Several years' experience of dibbling out from the
seed-pan at Bedfont, however, has shown very contrary
results, and this season the growth is as robust and as
fine as it is possible to conceive. All the plants have
grown into a mass of leafage and flower, and the spikes
of bloom, all of great size and of the finest quality,
stand up all over the bed, which, in fact, literally
bristles with the pointed heads of bloom. There are
many branches of seedpod and flower quite 12 inches
in length. The soil is far from being rich, and during
the present season has been very dry, yet there is abso-
lutely no comparison whatever between the growth of
plants, standing, of course, much more thickly where
sown, and those transplanted thinly. One reason for
this transplanting is that the soil is in winter very
retentive, and in the spring usually forms a cold rough
seed-bed, and seed often fails to germinate, or does so
very late. The plan of dibbling out overcomes this
difficulty, and no doubt it might be adopted with
advantage in all gardens where otherwise Mignonette
does not thrive.
Dasylirion glaucum. — A few weeks ago at
Kew the female plant of this noble Lily-wort pro-
duced a fine panicle of flowers, which is now covered
with well developed although necessarily abortive
fruit, because of the then impossible means of ferti-
lisation. A second plant now flowering has proved
itself to be the male plant. This inflorescence is
necessarily of the same construction, with this differ-
ence, that the secondary or lateral spikes of the
panicle are more slender and flaccid than that of the
former, assuming a spreading or reclining direction,
while that of the former are nearly erect. For deco-
rative or garden purposes, as far as the inflorescence
is concerned, the male plant is by far the most orna-
mental, as the stamens are bright yellow, and, seen
in a mass, are productive of good effect. The perianth
in both plants is small and inconspicuous, so that
there is an absence of colour in the female flower till
the three-angled and winged fruit is considerably
developed, when it assumes a fuscous or dull purple
colour. The fruit bears a remarkable resemblance to
that of a Rheum or Rumex, and the two separate
inflorescences are certainly interesting from a botanical
or from a horticultural point of view,
Arrangement of Plant and Fruit
Houses. — In the erection of plant or fruit houses at
the present day, the span, standing north and south,
meets with general approval as the best form and
position for all purposes. And where several are
being erected at the same time a not unusual course is to
place them in a series side by side, connecting the whole
with a span or oftener a lean-to corridor running
across the northern ends of the entire block. This
plan has much to commend it, not alone for conve-
venience and comfort in reaching the whole during
all weathers without exposure to the open air,
but also for the lengthened promenade it affords,
and above all for the number of fine climbing
plants which can usually be better accommodated
in a place of this description than in either a stove or
greenhouseof the ordinary description — for such a struc-
ture is generally kept at a temperature in winter inter-
mediate between the two, and thus meets the wants cf
the many fine intermediate-heat plants that are often
absent for want of a suitable temperature ; but where
this kind of arrangement exists the houses that thus
abut on the corridor at their northern end should always
stand far enough apart to allow the admission of the
necessary light through the side glass. Where the
great and irremediable mistake is made of attaching
the houses together side by side, with no intervening
space between them, the amount of light indis-
pensable to the plants is impossible, as there
is only the roof through which it can enter,
and this is insufficient, unless in very narrow
houses, only required for growing small stock, where,
consequently, the stages can be kept within a
short distance of the glass at the eave of the roof.
Recently we saw a place where near upon a dozen
large roomy houses had been lately erected side by
side abutting each other, the side wall and glass of
each house acting as a division betwixt it and the next
adjoining ; the result of which was, that the plants on
the side stages of the whole received little more than
half the light they required. In the case of some of
these houses an attempt bad been made to mitigate
the evil by raising the side stages, so that the plants
stood almost on a level with one's shoulders
when standing in the path, having, needless to say,
a very unsightly effect, and only to a limited extent
correcting the mischief. In another place, where an
extensive lot of houses had been similarly connected
with a corridor, a space was left between each of the
houses of some 25 feet, and where, as a consequence,
side-light was admitted in full volume. In both cases
the houses stood north and south, and nothing had
been spared in either workmanship or material ; but
the difference amounts to this, that in the range
where the structures stand abutting each other, all the
cultural skill and attention possible will never bring
out the plants in a condition equal to that which they
will reach with ordinary care where plenty of side-
light reaches them as well as through the roof.
■ Ononis Natrix. — Few of the species of this
genus are at all popular in gardens, which is all the
more wonderful seeing that their cultivation is of the
simplest. The present one was originally introduced
to British gardens about 200 years ago, but seems to
have made little or no headway whatever in its dis-
semination amongst private places. It is of a sub-
shrubby nature and procumbent in habit, which latter
characteristic points to its suitability for the rock gar-
den, where advantage may be taken of its branching
shoots to cover or partly hide the larger stones-. Here
also it will be seen with the best effect, and like other
species it roots so deeply that there is no danger of
starving it through want of moisture. The standard
of the bright yellow flowers is remarkably large, and
beautifully marked externally with longitudinal fork-
ing red veins, so that it forms the chief feature of the
whole bloom in the folded state both before and after
flowering. The plant is figured in the Botanical
Magazine^ t. 329, and a fine specimen on the new
rockery at ICew keeps up a succession of bloom nearly
the whole summer.
ECHINOPS Ruthenica. — Without doubt
this is one of the best of the Globe Thistles, which are
so distinct in appearance from the general run of
Composites that every collection of any pretensions
ought to include a few of them at least. They derive
their name from the arrangement of the inflorescence,
which is an aggregation of flower-heads, each with its
own special involucre, and not in a single head as in
the predominant mode of arrangement. These
flower-heads in the present instance have the invo-
lucral leaves of a deeper blue than the florets them-
selves, and in consequence serve to keep the plant
gay and attractive for some time both before and after
flowering. In ordinary soils that are comparatively
dry this species does not exceed a height of 2 or 3 feet,
and being of erect habit and moderately slow of
increase it may be admitted to the best kept part of
the herbaceous border without danger of its inter-
fering with the other occupants. It is to be seen in
the Kew collection and a few neighbouring gardens.
Turnips. — In spiie of thunder showers here
and there we are getting a dry spell of weather gene-
rally, and because of its continuance there is danger
that our customary winter supply of Turnips will be
small. Apart from the difficulties which attend upon
the germination and growth of Turnip seed and
plants when the soil is parched and dry, we know
that the beetle which preys upon the plant soon
decimates it, and renders the crop, if not void utterly,
'at least valueless. It is also a fact that sowings after
the end of August are useless for winter bulbing,
though available for spring topping, and hence not
absolutely profitless. If, therefore, the dry weather
should continue throughout the present month, delight-
ful as it will prove for holiday makers, the harvest,
and the Potato crop, it will render Turnips scarce ;
and thus we shall find, at least, one not incon-
siderable fly in our otherwise satisfactory pot of
ointment. In some localities, and we note its intro-
duction recently into West Middlesex, there exists
the practice of sowing Turnip seed amongst Broad
Beans when the latter are some iS inches in height,
but a late sown breadth of Beans is best. The plan
has these advantages — first, that the shade thrown by
the Beans keeps the soil cool and moist ; and second,
the beetle seldom attacks Turnips so sown. The
result is, where seed is sown thinly, a capital plant
and a full crop of Turnips following upon the Beans.
In not a few cases such sowings promise to be the
only crop of Turnips of the season.
• COSE.'EA coccinea. — Among the plants at
Kew from the rich collection of the late Mr. JOAD,
is one bearing the above name. By the aid of
Pkitzel it was easy to find the place of its publica-
tion, as a figure of a flower is given with the descrip-
tion of the plant. This is in the Illustralion Horti-
cole, ii. {1855), p. 71, where Lemaire, the then editor,
I
Auci'sT i8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
211
stales that the plant was cultivated under that name,
but by whom it was given was a mystery. Lemaire
was only able to describe male flowers, which are very
remarkable for the steeple-like receptacle on which the
stamens are inserted ; but he correctly referred the
plant to the Schizandres. This being a small group,
we soon found that Cosbrea coccinea was identical
with Kadsura chinensis of Hance in Bentham's
Flora Hoiigkon^ensis, but not Kadsura chinensis,
TuRCZ., which is the hardy Maximowiczia chinensis,
Rui'R., otherwise Schizandron chinensis, Baill.
After getting thus far we had occasion to refer to
BaillOiN's llisloirc des Plantes, and there we found that
the author had anticipated our identification ; and as
he reduces the genus Kadsura to Schizandra he
was under the necessity of giving our plant a new
specific name, because there was already a Schizandra
chinensis ; so he proposed the name S. Ilanceana.
However, we should prefer retaining the genus Kad-
sura, as it is readily distinguished by its different fruit,
which is a spheroidal mass of fleshy carpels. In K.
chinensis, IIance, the fruit is 4 inches in diameter.
The fruit of .Schizandra is very singular. After
flowering the receptacle bearing the carpels grows
into a slender body 2 to 3 inches long, so that the
carpels are separated from each other, and have all
the appearance of being the fruits of so many distinct
flowers. Kadsura chinensis is an evergreen shrubby
climber, having leathery light green leaves, like some
of the Uoyas, and green flowers with some scarlet at
the base. The flowers are about \\ inch long, with an
envelope consisting of about fifteen parts not dis-
tinguishable into calyx and corolla. Being a native
of Hong Kong and South China this plant will need
a warm greenhouse or stove.
Sweet Pea, New Carmine Rose. — This
very charming and distinct new variety, shown by
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, E.C., at
the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, was
rightly awarded a First-class Certificate of Merit. No
information appeared to be forthcoming as to its
origin, but its beauty and distinctive character were
acknowledged by all. It is a self-coloured variety,
the standard and wings being of a soft pinkish-rose,
retaining its colour well, bright and pleasing to the
last, the flowers large and of fine form. It is a most
useful addition to our list of Sweet Peas, and there is
no reason why it should not be indefinitely extended.
Mr. EcKFORD and others appear bent on doing some
acceptable work in this direction.
Rhaponticum cvnarioides. — Several
species of this genus are to be found in gardens, and
to hardy plant lovers they form very distinct and
massive-looking subjects for mixing with others of a
more slender and graceful habit of growth. No one
would recommend them for general cultivation to
supply the wants of the cut flower basket, but for a
general display out-of-doors they have much to recom-
mend -them. The foliage of all is more or less felted
underneath with a white tomentum, and the generally
one^flowered stems range from one to several feet in
height. The subject of this note, to be seen in the
herbaceous ground, Kew, averages about 2 feet, and
bears up its great purple flower heads without any
attention in the way of support, or danger of being
blown about by unseasonable weather. As a promi-
nent plant for the bolder parts of a rockery it is most
suitable, as well as select enough for any herbaceous
border, and, being a native of the Pyrenees, it is quite
hardy.
Veronica parviflora. — Amongst the
numerous species belonging to this, the shrubby ever-
green section of the genus, few are more readily dis-
tinguishable from its closely related congeners than
the subject of this notice. Under the same circum-
stances and treatment it flowers later than V. salici-
folia, for a narrow-leaved variety of which it might at
first sight be mistaken. The long linear leaves, how-
ever, are three-nerved and entire, not penninerved
and serrate, as in V. salicifolia. A profusely flowered
plant is to be seen on the new rockery at Kew, the
flowers of which are white, faintly tinged with lilac,
forming a beautiful contrast to the deep purple
stamens. As this is the second season of the plant in
its present position, and having withstood the severity
of March last without the slightest protection what-
ever, it must be reckoned hardy enough to encourage
its cultivation under favourable circumstances in the
open air to a much greater extent than at present we
find it. There is a narrow-leaved variety in cultiva-
tion (whether permanent or not) under the name of
V. parviflora angustifolia,
ViGUiERA RIGIUA. — There was much
puzzlement amongst the quidnuncs the other day at
Slough in getting at the correct name of a plant
growmg in one of the herbaceous quarters of the
Royal Nursery, which was then carrying some large
yellow single flowers of the most lesthetic mode ; and,
apart from all floral crazes, very striking and beau-
tiful they were. There was about the leafage no
inconsiderable resemblance to that of a Gaillardia, and
some thought it must belong to that genus. Then
again it was declared to be a Sunflower, and hence a
Ilelianthus ; whilst it was not less confidently asserted
that it was a Rudbeckia. It was not the common
difficulty of finding the plant to answer to the name,
but rather the name that would answer to the plant,
Mr. Turner in but few instances keeps his stocks of
myriads of things under names, as the writing thereof
would be productive of great labour, and conse-
quently it was resolved to invoke the aid of the stock-
book. This produced showed that the correct name
of this fine hardy plant was Viguiera rigida, com-
monly called Harpalium rigidum, although there
seemed to be a general conviction that one might
call it pretty much as one liked, and not be far
wrong. Not a few who have seen this \''ig-
uiera — but it is very far from being common — may
recognise its description as carrying fine single yellow
flowers, each one having a black disc, to a height of
about 3 feet, and on single stems. It well merits a
place in every hardy plant border. A figure of it
will be found at p. 397, vol, xvi,
ACROCLINIUM ALBUM FLORE-PLENO.— With
reference to this novelty, noted by us at p. 145 as
having been received from Messrs. Hooper & Co.,
we are reminded by Mr. J. C. Schmidt, of Erfurt,
that he received a First-class Certificate for it from
the Floral Committee last year. It is to be put into
commerce during the coming season,
The Weather.— General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending August 13, issued by the Meteorological
Ofiice, London : — The weather has been fair in the
southern and south-eastern parts of England, un-
settled and rainy in the other English districts, and
exceptionally wet, especially during the last few days
of the period, in Ireland and Scotland. The tem-
perature has been below the mean in all districrs, the
deficit ranging from 2* to 4*. The maxima were
registered at all except our north-western and northern
stations on the last day of the period ; over England
they were much higher than of late, the thermometer
rising to 79° in the " Midland Counties," and to Si"
in "England, E.," and "England, S." In Ireland
and Scotland, however, the maximum readings were
no higher than 65°, 66°, or 67°. The minima, which
were recorded in most places on the 12th, were as
low as 40° in " Scotland, W.," 41° over eastern,
central, and north-western England, and between 43°
and 45° elsewhere. The rainfall has been rather less
than the mean in " England, E.,"and " England, S.,"
and about equal to its normal value in *' Eng-
land, S.W.," but in all other districts an excess is
reported. In Scotland and Ireland the fall has been
unusually heavy, amounting to more than three times
as much as the mean. Bright sunshine shows a con-
siderable increase in duration in the south-west, south,
and east of England, and a slight increase in most
other districts. The percentages of possible duration
varied from 26 in " Ireland, N.," and 29 in Scotland,
to 55° in " England, E.," and " England, S." De-
pressions observed : — Barometric pressure has fluc-
tuated considerably over the western and northern
parts of our area, while to the southward of our
islands it has been comparatively high and steady.
A series of rather deep and important depressions has
passed over our western and northern coasts from
the Atlantic, and some small subsidiary disturbances
over our southern districts. The winds, which, except-
ing on the 7th, have been generally fresh or strong at
nearly all stations, have varied between S.W., S., and
S.E., as the depressions appeared, and veered to W.
or N.W., as they have travelled eastwards over the
North Sea. On some of the more exposed parts of
our western and northern coasts the wind occasionally
increased to the force of a gale.
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. T.
CuRTiss is leaving the service of Earl Sondes, Lee's
Court, Faversham, with the intention of setting up in
business in Glasgow. — Mr. W. Smythe, son of Mr.
Smythe, Gardener at Basing Park, Alton, wdl suc-
ceed Mr. CuRTiss at Lee's Court.
SHIPLEY HALL, THE SEAT OF
E. MILLER MUNDY, ESQ.
This place is situated in Derbyshire, about 9 miles
from the county town, 2 miles from the Shipley Gate
station of the Midland Railway, and a similar distance
from Ilkeston, to which there is also railway com-
munication, and from which the road leads through a
well cultivated district until it enters the park, which,
from the natural undulations of the surface, and the
advantages that have been taken thereof, is highly
picturesque in appearance. The land is rich and
fertile, well wooded, with plenty of breadth of water
to give the required effect. The mansion stands on a
plateau of considerable extent, elevated on all sides
high above the surrounding valley, beyond which the
land again gently rises for a long distance, presenting
an extended natural panorama such as is rarely at the
command of the landscape gardener, but where
existent and turned to good account it is of vas
assistance.
The estate has been several hundreds of years in
the hands of the present family. The mansion is a
roomy substantial stone building, that from its elevated
position commands the surrounding landscape for
many miles. However desirable it may be to live on
a hill, still without shelter from the western gales and
cutting north-eastern winds, such positions are by no
means comfortable in all weathers. This the occu-
pants of Shipley Hall in generations past have been
alive to, and fully provided for, as evident by the
extended groves of splendid Beech and other trees
which octupy the western side of the plateau, effectu-
ally sheltering the house and grounds. The force of
the eastern winds has been equally shut out by trees
judiciously planted. These Beeches are deserving of
something beyond a passing note. They occupy a con-
siderable space, irregular in outline, and are magnifi-
cent old trees, with thick straight trunks, the bark on
them as smooth and shining as gun barrels ; many of
them have clean trunks 30 feet before coming to the
lowest branches, yet with enough room to develope
correspondingly fine heads. Some of them have
reached no to 120 feet in height, and are full
of life and vigour. Due care is taken to preserve
them : wherever a crack or defect is discernible sheet-
lead and cement are used to keep out wet, and when
doubts are felt of a limb withstanding the gales iron
braces are applied . They are a feature of the place,
and deserve all the care that can be bestowed on them.
With them are a number of sweet Chestnuts, which,
like the Beeches, are handsome trees with clean straight
trunks. Associated with these trees are quantities of
immense old green Hollies that have attained un-
usual size, and still are as full of vigorous growth as
ever, stretching out their branches lar on the grass —
let, as such things ever should be, to extend without
interference. Gold and Silver Queens are propor-
tionately large in size, with the foliage unusually
bright and well marked.
From the north front an uninterrupted distant view
presents itself over the surrounding country, mostly in
grass, which in this part dilTers materially from the
hilly districts of the country, being extremely
luxuriant. On the south-east side of the house,
which may be termed the garden front, the
grounds have been much altered and extended
within the last few years, and large numbers of
selected specimens of the best coniferous trees have
been introduced, many of the newer kinds of which
have been obtained of larger size than usually met
with ; amongst these the following are a few of the
best : — Retinospora obtusa aurea nana, 7 feet high ;
R. obtusa, 12 feet ; R. plumosa, R. plumosa aurea,
R. squarrosa, R. filifera, R. filicoides, R. leptoclada,
all in large beautifully furnished specimens ; Picea
lasiocarpa, 12 feet ; Taxus Donastonii, 7 feet ; Abies
polita, 5 feet ; A. Engelmanni glauca, S feet ; A.
Alcoquiana, 8 feet ; Cupressus Lawsoniana, lutea,
9 feet. Of Biota aurea elegantissima there are several
from 5 to 10 feet high. The true Picea concolor,
with many others, in which nothing has been spared
either in the plants themselves or in the preparation
of the ground to insure their doing well. Some of
the above are associated in large clumps, others dis-
persed over the extensive stretch of lawn at
considerable distances apart, so that the ob-
jectionable dotting, not unusual in this sort of
planting, is avoided. Golden Yew, with Gold and
Silver Queen Hollies, and the best green-leaved
varieties, of large size, have been freely used in
the planting, and already are very effective. In one
212
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 1883.
of the clumps occupied by the above-named Conifers,
Lilium auratum in good sized masses are unusually
strong, and promising to bloom freely ; Hydrangea
paniculata grandiflora, in the shape of dense bushes
6 feet high and 10 feet through, was coming on with
hundreds of flower-spikes that when in bloom cannot
fail to be extremely effective. From the dressed
ground on this side the park slopes quickly for several
hundred yards to a fine sheet of water some 60 acres
in extent, which, seen as it is from the lawn above,
has a very fine effect. The western side of the
pleasure grounds is also bounded by the park, and
separated from it by a long terrace walk and low wall.
On this side Yews of large size are associated with
the Hollies, which here again are conspicuous. Rho-
dodendrons and Ghent Azaleas, of which latter there
are many that measure not less than from 10 to
12 feet through, and which from their vigorous
appearance cannot fail to give a dense sheet of bloom
annually. Here again the ground descends con-
siderably, and somewhat more distant is another
large piece of water, covering some 70 acres. These
lakes are beautifully clear and free from weeds, with
an absence of the objectionable murky appearance not
unusual in still water. A large outlay has been
incurred in preparing and stocking one of these pieces
of water with trout. Of Oak, Elm, and Ash there
are numbers of handsome old trees in the park, with
Thorns of immense size that tell their own tale as to
the nature of the soil.
There is a large extent of glass devoted to plant
and fruit culture, in which latter especially Mr.
Elphinstone, the gardener here, has shown his
abilities in the grand examples he has from time
to time so successfully exhibited. The conserva-
tory is connected with the mansion by a curvilinear
span-roofed corridor some 60 yards long ; the side
walls of this glass-covered way are in part clothed
with Ferns planted in tufa, interspersed with Begonias
of the Rex type. Other portions of these side walls
are covered with such plants as Brugmansias, Fuchsias,
Habrothamnus, Bambusa nigra, and similar plants,
which drape the'roof as well ; the whole, thriving well,
have a natural and pleasing appearance. Flowering
Begonias suspended in baskets from the roof are used
here with good effect ; in no way are their drooping
flowers seen to better advantage. The conservatory,
recently built, is a roomy and lofty structure, with
curvilinear roof. The arrangement consists of a large
central bed surrounded by a wide path, and a flat
slate stage in front ; the whole substantial and con-
structed with a view to lasting. The centre is filled
with plants turned out, consisting of Palms, Cycads,
and others of a like character, amongst which are a
grand pair of Seaforthia elegans, Encephalartos caffra,
E. villosus, E. Lehmanni, Dracaena lineata, Musa
Cavendishi, Tree Ferns, Asplenium nidus, and others
of similar description, in specimens which are getting
well established, and will no doubt soon give a fine
tropical effect.
Adjoining this conservatory is a fernery, with the
walls all round some 10 or 12 feet high ; the whole of
the occupants are planted out. The walls are well
covered with Ferns, Lycopodiums, and close growing
plants, such as Ficus repens, that, in addition to its
merits for clothing a wall, hangs in graceful festoons
from the roof. The centre is occupied by a beautiful
plant of Dicksonia squarrosa, one of the best of tree
species for such a situation, as it does not grow so
large in the head as to overshade everything beneath
it. Microlepia heterophylla, a fine Fern, with tall
black stems some 5 feet high, and large feathery
fronds, is here seen to advantage, as also Woodwardia
radicans, another elegant Fern, with creeping rhizomes
and immense drooping fronds ; the house collectively
is well furnished, and has a natural appearance.
Adjoining this are two good sized, wide lean-to
vineries, the first of which was planted with Muscats
this spring ; they have done well, having already
reached the top of the roof, after being twice stopped.
The next house is occupied by established Vines,
Gros Colmar, Lady Downe's, Black Alicante, Golden
Queen, and Muscat Hamburgh, bearing a good crop ;
Muscat Hamburgh especially was carrying a grand
lot of bunches, with berries as black as possible.
Golden Queen does well with Mr. Elphinstone, colour-
ing in a way not always seen. In this house was by
far the finest plant of the scarce Davallia parvula I
have met with, densely filling a large pan covered
with a bell-glass, which Mr. Elphinstone finds it will
not do well without. It is a close growing, very small-
fronded species, the fronds minutely divided, and
almost as hard to the touch as the leaves of a Lomatia ;
it is a beautiful and most distinct Fern, like nothing
else but itself. After this is a long lean-to range
filled with winter-flowering plants, the back wall
covered with Tomatos, the front planted with Roses,
which are growing away freely. Then comes a span-
roofed range, the first division of which is used for
propagating, and is now filled with Calanthes of the
different winter flowering kinds ; with these are some
large baskets of Lselia anceps, said to be an unusually
fine dark variety : the plants arc in the best possible
condition. The next division is mostly occupied by
Orchids that do in an intermediate temperature, such
as Cymbidium eburneum, Odontoglossum pulchellum,
Epidendrum vitellinum, &c. Then comes a house
devoted to Dendrobiums, Cypripediums, L^lias,
Zygopetalums, Trichopilias, and the like. The last
of this range is now filled with Melons, to be followed
with Gardenias for winter blooming.
A short distance from this is a range, consisting of
three lean-to curvilinear-roofed vineries, each 40 feet
long by 16 wide, with high back walls ; and three
Peach-houses, similar in size, with a curvilinear span-
roofed stove in the middle of the range, standing at
right angles with the vineries and Peach-houses, the
former of which are at the eastern side, the Peach-
houses to the west. Beginning at the eastern end the
Vines in the first house were lifted last autumn, and
have made good progress. The next division are
Muscats, the crop nearly cleared, but what remained
were good bunches, beautifully finished. When the
crop is off these Vines are to give place to Figs, a
number of large plants of which are ready in hand.
The adjoining house is all Black Hamburghs and
Foster's Seedling, bearing a good crop of fruit,
finished up to the mark. The stove contains a selection
of the smaller growing Palms, Dracrenas, and other
plants, in a free, thriving, healthy condition. The front
trellises in the Peach-houses are about 8 feet high at the
back, terminating in the usual way at the path ; this,
combined with the high back walls, which are some
15 feet, admits of the large trees on the back getting
plenty of light, so as to keep them in a healthy fruit-
ful state. The trees in the first house were ripe in May ;
the condition of the wood and healthy state of the
foliage, green and free from insects, gives promise of
a full crop next season. The trees in the next division
were carrying a splendid even crop of fruit both back
and front, highly coloured and nearly ripe. The
remaining house is the last, and is also carrying a
full crop. Here the back wall is furnished with Coe's
Golden Drop Plums, bearing well. At a short dis-
tance there is a good sized hip-roofed house, filled
with cool Orchids, principally Odontoglossums and
Masdevallias, doing well. Fronting this house are
several narrow houses filled with Primulas, Cycla-
mens, and other things of a like description for
winter blooming. Under a roomy glass-roofed shed,
supported on stout iron pillars, open at the front and
ends, were stood a fine lot of specimen and half spe-
cimen Azaleas, nicely grown and subjected to little
training, as these plants should be when only wanted
for home decoration, having little more support than
a single stick to the leading stem. Several good
span-roofed houses are in course of erection for Or-
chids and other plants. Recently an excellent gar-
dener's house has been built, that has not only the
merit of being good-looking, but is also fitted up with
every convenience to make it a comfortable home.
Without saying anything to disparage the bedding-
out system of flower gardening where kept within due
limits, and confined to places where it is not incon-
gruous, still it is a relief to meet with a garden where
it is absent. Here there is no lack of flowers of good
herbaceous kinds, Roses and bedding Carnations in
quantity, with others of a like character, but no bed-
ding of the usual description ; and at Shipley Hall
there is nothing lost by its absence.
The kitchen garden is moderate in size, and sur-
rounded with good walls furnished with the usual
kinds of fruit trees that succeed best in the district.
The cultivation of culinary vegetables is here looked
on as of equal importance with other matters of a less
utilitarian character, and equally well managed. Mr.
Elphinstone uses manure for Mushroom growing made
from stables where the compressed sphagnum moss is
used, and likes it much ; it is used fresh, just as it
comes to hand, without any preparation, not heating
violently like the ordinary material. A bed which I
saw in full bearing in a shed, with mats hung round
it, was literally covered with beautiful Mushrooms.
An air of order and good management is apparent
in every department. A new kitchen garden is now
being made, in an open position at a short distance
from the old one, and which will doubtless be an
advantage in giving more room for the production of
these indispensable crops. 7". B.
PLANTS IN FLOWER.
Campanula Tommasini. — A rare Bell-flower,
frequently seen under the name of C. Tenori ; under
the latter designation I received it from Zurich, but
having some doubt as to its accuracy I sent specimens
to J. G. Baker, Esq., of Kew, who kindly furnished
me with the name here adopted. It is a native of the
Tyrol, and, unlike many plants from that region, it is
quite happy under the conditions provided. Its hardi-
ness is, I think, beyond question ; I have plants upon
the rockery and in a mixed border, the latter being
much more vigorous. The stems grow about 6 to 9
inches long, but, owing to the abundance of flowers,
they are quite drooping and leafless at the base.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, i to i| inch long, distantly
serrate. Flowers drooping, cymosely arranged ; corolla
about three-quarters of an inch long, tubular-campanu-
late, with the segments slightly spreading, of a pale
blue-purple colour. Owing to the abundance of
flowers, the plant lasts a long time in a blooming
state ; it is now one of the prettiest plants in the
rockery. T.
Pelargonium Endlicherianum. — This is now
flowering very freely, after standing outside since July,
1882 ; most likely it will withstand the severity of
our climate outside. I have been told on more than
one occasion that a plant has existed upon the alpine
garden at York for several years. Should it prove
hardy in most parts of the country it will be a most
interesting plant for all alpine cultivators, as it is by
no means inconspicuous, with a free branching habit.
It produces a large number of flower trusses, each
carrying several flowers, which are structurally very
interesting ; the two upper petals may be said to
constitute the flower in a decorative sense, they are
about I inch long, almost fan-shaped or broadly
spathulate, of a bright pink colour, veined with
crimson ; the three lower petals are very small, not
more than 3 lines long, and very fragile. It is really
a pretty, and certainly most distinct plant, and will
be in bloom at least for a month or six weeks to
come. Tt
Helenium pumilum, — This is much dwarfer
than any other Helenium I know, as it only grows
from 12 to 15 inches high ; of course in strong damp
soils it may get taller. My plants are now thickly
set with rich golden-yellow heads, about 2^ inches
across, the ray-florets large, closely set, and imbri-"
cated, so that the outline of the flower is prettily
fringed, I regard it as one of the most useful and
showiest hardy perennials for the late summer
months, as it is most serviceable in a cut state. T.
TiGRiDiA SPECIOSA ALBA.— This is, I think, the
handsomest of all the " tiger flowers," producing
flowers about the size of those of the typical form,
the three outer perianth divisions broad, and nearly
all pure white ; about one-fourth of the length at the
base is spotted with reddish-purple, the inner
divisions are copiously spotted with the same colour.
It is equally as fugacious as all the other tiger flowers
— a great pity they are so short lived, as otherwise
their marvellous markings would be more appreciated.
In many dry sunny positions they are quite hardy,
but they enjoy an abundance of moisture during the
growing season. I remember a tuft used to make
its appearance every year at the foot of an old hedge
in the herbaceous ground at Kew, T,
Origanum dictamnus : "The Dittany of Crete."
— This is a very handsome plant, with its roundish
tomentose variegated leaves, and bracteate heads of
pink-purple flowers ; overhead the plant is not
more than a foot high. I have it planted out in a
dry position on the rockery, but keep a duplicate
stock in pots, which are placed in a frame during
winter, as very severe weather is apt to destroy it.
As an old inhabitant of our gardens it is still largely
appreciated. A good figure of it occurs in Bot, Mag.,
t. 298, in the year 1795, and Mr. Curtis writes of it
as "having been known in this country for a long
time as a medicinal plant." Turner, whose Herbal
was published in 1568, writes thus concerning it : —
" I have sene it growynge in England in Maister
Riches gardin naturally, but it growethe nowhere
ellis that I know of saving only in Candia." Mr.
Curtis says ; — " It is usually increased by cuttings,
which strike readily," but the ready method has
not yet been discovered by ourselves, or by many
others.
August iS, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
213
J4ojVIJE; -foRREgPOJMDEJMCE.
Single Hollyhocks. — I should like to arrest the
attention of lovers o( good old flowers, to ask them to
admire Hollyhocks 6 and 7 feet high, and between
the leading and secondary stems clothed from the
ground to the top with their broadly expanding
blooms. A friend sent me from Sussex, two years
since, a large package of his own saved seed, got
from choice plants. I sowed them early last year,
but the majority did not bloom until the present.
Many are double, but a considerable number are
single, and, from being prejudiced against single
flowers, I must confess in future I shall grow all I may
chance to have. In variety and brilliancy, especially
the fine orange-yellow centre — absent in doubles — my
doubles are much behind the singles ; and, what I
have never seen noticed before, not only are the
singles more vigorous, but the dreaded Puccinia is
absent altogether. IV. J. Murphy.
Ribbon Grass. — I was interested in the note on
"Gardeners' Garters," or "Ribbon Grass." It was
only a week to-day that my friend Mr. Spinks en-
lightened me as to the fact that there are two varie-
gated forms. One has a white margin to the leaves, the
other a green margin, and both are distinct and
constant. I believe there are two varieties of Vucca
aloifolia variegata, which vary in like manner. F. W,
BurHdsc
Bees and Monkshood.— There is nothing un-
usual in bees visiting the flowers of Monkshood,
Aconita Napellus (see p. 180), but whether they do so
for the purpose of gathering honey or for pollen, or
for both, I am unable to say ; if for honey, however,
I should think it highly improbable that the latter
would contain any element of poison sufficient to be
injurious to any one partaking of it, i.e., supposing it
is intermixed — which it necessarily must be — with
honey gathered from other flowers. If it were pos-
sible for a hive of bees to collect the whole of their
supplies from such poisonous species as A. toxicum
and A. zooctonum, it is more than likely that honey
from such a source would prove very injurious, if not
fatal to persons partaking of it ; still this is mere con-
jecture, and the idea regarding a hive of honey from
these species, it must be admitted, is very far-fetched,
and a thing which is never likely to happen in Eng-
land. I may add that some writers give A. lupicidum
and A. Lycoctonum as being the true Wolf's-bane ; it
may also be interesting to some of your readers to
learn that there are other species which have the word
"bane" applied to them, but bearing a different pre-
fix to the above-mentioned — viz., A. cynoctonum and
A, commutatum (tall Dog's-bane), A. theriophonum
(Beast's-bane), A. tragoctonum (Goat's-bane), and A.
vulparia (Fox-bane). It is difficult to say what is the
origin of these different names, but one would natur-
ally think that each species is poisonous to the animal
whose name is associated with it. y. Horseficld,
Heytcsbttry,
Polypodium vulgare, var. trichomanoides. —
Has this variety been raised from spores, or has it
been found as a wild plant ? If "so, some kind of
general indication (should anything more definite be
thought undesirable) of the locality in which it was
discovered would add to the interest of this Fern. Is
it distinct from the var. cornubiense ? W. O^B. [The
plant in question is, so far as we can learn, a selec-
tion from P. v. cornubiense, and not a wild plant.
Those who have seen P. v. trichomanoides say they
cannot distinguish it from P. v. cornubiense Fowleri,
described in the Florist Register of Novelties last year,
and which has very finely divided fronds. Ed.]
Iberis gibraltarica hybrida. — The singularly
robust habit of this beautiful Candytuft is well illus-
trated by the seedling plants I have here, which,
raised from seed sown under glass early in April, and
dibbled out into the open ground at the end of May,
are now varying from 6 inches to 12 inches across, all
very dwarf and compact, yet of a spreading habit, and
promising to make a beautiful show next spring.
Some, however, are blooming a little alreac^, and I
shall not be surprised to find many doing so late in
the autumn. Should that surmise prove to be correct
we may easily have it flowering both in autumn and
spring by sowing very early, and again in June. We
can hardly term it other than biennial in character, as
although plants denuded of their flowers break again,
yet all those which carry bloom and seed soon die.
A. D.
Phacelia campanularia. — As the figure given
at p. 135 of the Phacelia campanularia scarcely
flatters it, I venture to send you a few specimens from
plants raised in the open ground, that you may judge
of its beauty and vigour when grown under such con-
ditions. You will note that the corolla is shorter
in the tube, and broader than in your figure, though
there is a slight variation of proportions in different
plants. Owing to its branching habit, the plant
continues in bloom for a considerable period. Unfor-
tunately this deplorable weather is by no means con-
ducive to its welfare, so far as ripening of seed is
concerned. IV. Thompion, Ifnvich,
Armeria cephalotes, var. bracteata. — In one of
Mr. Ware's copious displays of ornamental hardy
plants at South Kensington, recently, we lighted
upon this singular variety (fig. 34). 'The peculiarity
consists in the circumstance that some of the involucral
bracts are prolonged into green leaves quite similar to
those at the base of the stem. We can find, at the
moment, no reference to the variety, which, however,
is a great curiosity, and even from an ornamental
point of view the green leaves encircling the head of
rich rose-pink flowers must be admitted to be singu-
Fig. 34. — ARMERIA CEPHALOTES, VAR. BRACTEATA.
larly effective. We had hoped that the variety might
have elucidated the nature of the curious membranous
sheath prolonged from the base of the bracts, but in
this we were disappointed.
Tuberous Begonias, and How to Grow
Them. — I have been an admirer, and limited grower,
of tuberous Begonias since their introduction — and
what vast strides on the road of improvement have
been made within those last half-dozen years ! A
lady, who manages them herself, invited me to see
a greenhouse wholly devoted to them, lately. I drove
over with some gardening friends, and have been
asking myself since, as I then asked the hostess,
"What is the secret of your success, madame?" I
had, and have, some fine blooms, 3 or 4 inches across,
both outdoors and inside, others around had better,
with more time and facilities, but those I refer to,
both in sire and floriferousness, but especially in
the great fleshy substance of the petals, far out-
distanced all. This opinion is, like every such, com-
parative— that is, you compare mentally what you
admire, what is under consideration, with some others
you have seen or heard of. I have seen hundreds of
collections in Ireland, England, and France— they
are in almost every garden around here— and I have
last year seen the best Dublin or London had to
show : so much for my facilities of forming a correct
estimate. Now the practical and important question
is arrived at. Can every one grow such, and how ?
And first, generally, what were they like? Vast
Azalea-like pyramids, 3 feet through, and more in
height, and grown in pots from 10 to 15 inches.
Many must have had upwards of one hundred
perfect, fully expanded blooms — and such blooms I
quite a number must have been between 5 and 6
inches across. And these were not the common
long pendulous blooms, but the round-petalled
upright growers. The colours run through every
shade, from a pure, clear-veined white, through
lemon, buff, orange, rose, to deep red and scarlet.
A particular beauty was a variety shaded from pure
white to crimson-rose ; and another shaded orange-
red. I cannot give the names, as they are nearly all
seedlings, and raised on the premises, from fertilised
(hybridised) seed. Two years ago the then gardener
gave me some seed of this strain as well as two others
— well, they cannot compare with those, though
properly treated. The secret is not in the strain, or
variety of seed, neither is it in the soil, potting, or
winter treatment, nor do I think it is in the time of
"starting" to grow in February, though all these
points are material. I inquired into all these and
find the treatment not essentially different. I have
come to the conclusion, then, that tuberous Begonias,
whon once launched into active growth, if I may
so speak, are voracious feeders, and are endowed
with an enormous number of fibrous roots. At
Armerville the plants are watered, with tolerably
strong guano-water, two or three times a week. I
have three beds of them out-of-doors, and am water-
ing one with an artificial "fertiliser," and the other
two with a liquid from horse manure ; already the
effect is becoming conspicuous. Everything else
being properly attended to, I therefore look on syste-
matic feeding with some concentrated manure as in-
dispensable to have the success referred to. I look
on these Begonias as having a bright future before
them, and if I am right, the query arises. If they are
to be grown, why not grow them to their best, rather
than lose the same time and labour with poor worth-
less specimens ? IV. J. Murphy, Clonind.
Laxton's Standard Pea.— This is a variety that
should commend itself to market growers as a late
cropper, and, judging by my experience of it here, one
that stands drought well. I have a large piece
cropping capitally, the pods large, curved, and full ;
all borne in couples, a very special feature of this
capital Marrow. In the same field, owing to the
remarkable dryness of the soil here this season,
Potatos of all kinds are giving out and ripening very
rapidly, and yet this Pea is showing capital growth,
and has not a trace of mildew upon it. Coupled with
its medium height (about 3 feet), and its admirable
cropping qualities, this fact shows that it is a first-rate
late Pea. A. D.
The Fruit Crops in Midlothian. — The fruit
crop has turned out much better this year than could
have been anticipated alter such a cold and wet
season as 1882. After the severe storm in December,
when the thermometer fell to zero, and snow lay on
the ground fully 2 feet deep, there was very little of
either frost or snow, and nothing to injure vegetation.
Fruit trees were late in flowering, and the blossom
escaping any damage from spring frosts, set well and
swelled nicely till the cold and heavy rains at the end
of June and beginning of this month caused many of
the Apple and Pear trees to drop a large number of
their fruit. Still, in most instances, there is a good
crop left and the fruit particularly fine and clean.
All kinds of fruit trees have made a strong and
healthy growth, and have suffered less from insects,
or blight of any kind, than they have done for a good
many years. Almost every sort of Apple is bearing,
and mostly a good crop. The heaviest crop and
finest fruit are upon Warner's King, Lord Suffield,
Ecklinville, Stirling Castle, Tower of Glamis, Kes-
wick Codlin, Alfriston, King of the Pippins, Blen-
heim Pippin, Hawthornden, Duchess of Oldenburg,
Northern Greening, Wellington, Mank's Codlin,
Yorkshire Greening, Oslin, Cambusnethan, Lord
Clyde, Red Calville, and Cox's Orange. Pears
promise to be much finer fruit than usual, but many
trees on walls have very few upon them, and some
sorts which bear well in most years are not bearing
well this year. Much the heaviest crops are upon
standard trees. The best are Napoleon, Marie Louise,
Williams' Bon Chretien, Beurre Hardy, Beurre
d'Aremberg, Easter Beurre, Glou Morceau, Brown
Beurre, Beurre Diel, Catillac, Swan's Egg, and
Hessle. Plums are a fine crop in most places. The
best are Transparent Gage, Jefferson, Kirke's, Vic-
toria, Coe's Golden Drop and Early Prolific. Cherries
are also a fine crop, the best being Governor Wood,
214
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 1883.
May Duke, Frogmore, Early Bigarreau, Black Tar-
tarian, Elton, and Bigarreau Napoleon. Peaches
and Nectarines are a thin crop on walls, and Apricots
are almost a failure. Small fruit is very abundant
and fine, Gooseberries being the exception, with a
light crop upon many sorts, although Ihe following
are bearing heavily and are all excellent kinds : — Reds :
Industry, Keens' Seedling, Speedwell, Forester, and
Crown Bob; whites: Whitesmith, Overall, Hebburn
Prolific, Souter Johnny, and Snowdrop ; yellows :
Leveller, Drill, Gipsy (lueen. Railway, and Peru.
Currants are extra good, the best black. Black Prince ;
best reds: Victoria, La Versaillaise, Warner's Grape,
and Red Dutch ; the best whites. Cut-leaved and
White Dutch. Raspberries are a very fine crop, the
best being Northumberland FiUbasket, Fastolf,
Carter's Prolific, and White Antwerp. Strawberries
were very abundant, but the recent heavy rains have
spoilt a good many of them ; the finest and heaviest
bearers are James Veitch, Garibaldi (Vicomtesse
Hericart de Thury), and Keens' Seedling. M. Dunn,
Dalkeith.
Sun versus Shade for Lilium auratum.—
Mr. Wilson has always told us that shade is best for
L. auratum, whilst Mr. Ewbank, who certainly does
not live in a sunless quarter, says that he finds they
do well in full sun. I have contended that whilst the
bright suns of Weybridge Heath may be too much
for them, they cannot get too much sun in Cheshire.
After making a circuit of gardens and noticing L.
auratum especially in them all, I have come to the
conclusion that Mr. Wilson is right. At Heather-
bank, in the middle of thick Fir woods I saw two
large beds containing perhaps 200 bulbs each of L.
auratum, which had reached Howering not only with-
out the smallest symptom of spot, but without losing
or turning a leaf. These Lilies got absolutely no
sun, and I never saw so healthy a lot. On returning
to my garden, where heavy rain, alternating with hot
sun, has prevailed ever since St. Swithin's Day, I find
many of the L. auratum badly affected with spot,
which first showed itself about the middle of July.
They are generally attacked in some part of the
flower-bud, which of course spoilt. L. pardalinum,
on the other hand, of which the flowering was far
advanced, has the stalk and leaves chiefly attacked,
and suffers, comparatively little from it. On going
round the garden, in every part of which I now have
Lilies, I have no doubt at all that there is most spot
where the Lilies are most exposed to the mid-day sun.
I felt sure that the disease would come, as it always
does when growth is checked by cold and wet just
before flowering time ; but, considering all the cir-
cumstances of this and previous attacks, I believe that
what Ovid said of corn-rust is true of Lilies — that
neither wind nor rain nor frost are so injurious to
them as the rays of the mid-day sun striking upon the
wet leaves and stalk. In my Lily pit, the glass of
which is obscured with buttermilk and lime, there is
not a symptom of spot ; but there they are free from
chills, which I suspect are at least a predisposing
cause. C. WoUey Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, Augusts.
Annuals. — These are regarded by most people as
very evanescent and ephemeral in their nature, and,
I readily admit, a good many of them are ; but
although this is so, there are others that are among
the very best plants for embellishment anyone can have
in a garden. Take the China Asters, for instance, and
what can be finer or more showy than they, or Zinnias,
which are gorgeously beautiful, especially when seen
in masses in large beds with the sun shining on them,
when they are quite dazzling, so bright and effulgent
is the rich glow of iheir colours. Not only is this so,
but they bloom profusely and continuously from July
to quite late in the autumn, the only help they require
to enable them to do this being rich deep soil, with
now and then a good soaking of water, or, perhaps,
what answers even belter, is to have the ground
mulched. Asters, to have them good, need much the
same treatment, as, like all annuals, they are fond of
good living, and for them to do really well it is very
important that they bo liberally fed. Tropicolums
seem to be an exception to the rule, as they not only
grow but flourish in very poor soil, as may be seen
when'planted or sown by the sides of some trees, up
which they run and soon clothe their branches with
beauty. Striking instances of the value of these plants
for this work may be witnessed any day now in the
pretty little gardens of F. Vulliamy, E;q., of South-
bank [and Admiral Mason, in Ipswich, where they
are used with the greatest effect and have a great many
admirers. Besides being quite at home up certain
thin habited trees, which they help much to adorn,
Tropa^olums of the climbing kinds are equally adapted
for mounds, rockwork, or any positions of that nature,
which they set aglow with their beauty. The old
Canary Creeper is exceedingly chaste, and blends well
with the fiery scarlets, as it does also with Clematis
Jackmanni, with which it associates well when the two
are allowed to commingle and have plenty of room.
Among othersof more lowly growth, theTomThumb or
dwarf section are grand, and embrace many colours, alj
the several varieties being specially suited for bedding,
as they are remarkably floriferous and last long in per-
fection. In cases where these kinds grow too freely,
as they often do in good rich soil, it is a good plan to
pinch off some of the leaves from time to time, which
checks them and lets up their blossoms more readily.
Salpiglossis are also splendid annuals, especially for
light warm soils and situations, where if sown or
planted moderately early they send up their large,
lovely veined, Lily-like flowers in the greatest pro-
fusion till frost or cold weather stops them far on in
the autumn. What I desire to call particular atten-
tion to now is the hardy annuals, the time for sowing
most of which has now arrived, if they are expected to
be strong and flower well in the spring. One of the
best is the Sweet Pea, which is quite indispensable,
for besides its utility in borders, where it produces a
very fine effect in climbing up twiggy sticks in the
foreground of shrubs, it is among the very choicest
things one can obtain outdoors for cutting, as a
packet of seed affords almost endless variety of colours,
and the flowers are of that light pleasing character
which renders them specially suitable for bouquets or
vases. The secret of success in growing them is to
sow in deep soil, in which there should be plenty of
manure, and if they have a mulching as soon as dry
weather sets in, they will continue blooming till quite
late in the summer. For spring bedding there are
few annuals that are more sweetly pretty than the
Silene, which raised now and grown on to the period
of the year named, becomes a mass of blossom, and
the same may justly be said of the Virginian Stock,
also most useful for the same kind of work. Godetias,
too, make a very fine show, the best being G. Whitneii,
G. Lady Albemarle and The Bride, all of which bear
large flowers that have rich glossy petals. Nemo-
phila insignis is quite unrivalled for the lovely blue of
its blossoms, and a bed of it arranged with white
Daisies as an edging is a pleasing sight on a lawn.
These latter, and other annuals raised now, are best
sown in a warm sheltered spot ; from which they can
be lifted and transplanted with good balls early in
spring. J. Shefpard,
Ruta patavina. — Referring to an article on
p. 140, I beg to state that my opinion of this fine
plant is somewhat different, in so far as I consider it
one of the showiest plants of my garden. It is quite
hardy, and wants loamy soil and full exposure to hot
sunshine ; it will not grow well in other soil than
sandy loam, or even stiff loam, and will not flower
well if shaded anyhow. My bushes, about a half to
I foot across, are about 5 to 6 inches in height, and
the foliage nearly hidden by thousands of flowers
coming on from June till November. It increases by
underground stems, and if a plant is taken up in
October it may be divided in many bits, but these
must not be replanted in the open, but be potted and
wintered in a frame. Planted out in spring they form
in a year or two nice bushes again. It does not often
produce seeds. Max Lelditlin, Baden-Baden,
The Hybrid Raspberry. — Your correspondent,
Dr. Wm. Focke (see p. 150), is certainly at sea in his
surmises respecting my seedling hybrid Raspberry ; he
is no doubt correct in describing the plant as foinia
inermis, but quite wrong in connecting it with Rubus
idaeus ; the foliage is obtuse enough certainly, and the
glaucous appearance of the leaves gives it the pure
form of a Strawberry leaf. The following will show
you that the plant is a bond fide seedling, as I described
it to you when I sent you the shoot. Some few years
since I fertilised the flowers of a Raspberry with the
pollen of a large-fruiting Strawberry, which set freely,
and in due time sowed the seed ; the result was about
a dozen plants, all more or less showing that the cross
was complete between the two plants. From these
three plants were selected, giving the preference to
those most resembling the Strawberry in leaf, and,
luckily, I can send you the three forms with this,
which will show your correspondent that my state-
ment to you was correct. The plants all flowered the
second year, but without setting any fruit. In Ihe
following year Jhey flowered profusely, with the same
result. The flowers, if I remember rightly, are pretty
much in bunches, like the flowers of the Strawberry,
on a stem of about 2 feet high. Finding it was no
use as a fruit no care was taken of them after they
had been planted in an out-of-the-way place. Still
they grow, and if you wish it I hope to be able to
send you a shoot with the bloom on it next spring.
[Pray do.] I have nine forms of the hybrid Currant
now growing, all distinct ; two only have a faint smell
of the black Currant. William Culvcnvcll, Thorpe
Pcrr(nij,
Tarquin and his Lilies. — Two or three friends
have written to me questioning the accuracy of my
Roman history, when I say that Tarquin knocked off
Lily heads. I ask to be allowed to give a general
answer. The original of the story to which I referred
is to be found in Hcroaottis, Book v., chapter 92, but
he tells it of Periander, despot of Corinth, who lived
a century before Tarquin. Wondering how a neigh-
bouring despot managed to rule so quietly, Periander
sent a friend to ask the secret. This neighbour took
the messenger into a cornfield, and walked about
knocking off the tallest ears, but returned no verbal
or written reply. Periander, however, understood the
allegorical act, and from time to time made away
with the most prominent of his subjects. This story
found its way into the Roman legends, and was trans-
ferred to the most tyrannical of the kings of Rome.
Livy, it is true, says the flowers he decapitated were
Poppies, hut Ovid {Fasti, Book ii., line 705) says : —
"Illic Tarquinius mandata latentia nati
Accipit, et virga lilia summa metit."
We may at any rate infer that Lilies and Poppies were
the most conspicuous flowers in the Roman gardens
2')00 years ago. C. IVoltcy Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas,
Aug. 9.
Cranberries. — Long ago, in your journal of
November 26, 1842 (p. 789), a correspondent notes
that in a then recent visit to Hastings he saw fresh
Cranberries in the fruiterers' shops, and learned that
they were the surplus produce of a nobleman's estate
in the neighbourhood. Being fully aware of the
superiority of fresh berries over the bottled fruit,
finding it recorded in Loudon's Arboretum that
" during the latter end of the last century Cranberries
from Lincolnshire and the north-west corner of
Norfolk were sold in the streets of Norwich by cart-
loads," and observing in Trimmer's Flora of Norfolh
the plant noted as growing "in very great abundance
at the side of the heath adjoining Wolferton at Der-
singham," and, according to Watson, Botanisfs
Guide, " at Wreathara plentifully," I thought that an
inquiry at Norwich market would either bring me a
supply of the fruit, or, if the time of Cranberries is
not yet, inform me about what time and at what
stall in the market I might hope soon to find them.
But diligent inquiry by a zealous friend resulted only
in my learning that one ancient lady deposed that
many years ago, when she kept Cambridge market,
she once had some sent. Lightfoot records that at
Longtown, in Cumberland, for five or six weeks
together not less than <J20 or ^30 worth were sold
every market day. I should be much obliged to any
correspondent who would give name and address of
any keeper of shop or market who would take my
order and despatch the fruit, safely packed, by rail
before the season is over. I observe Loudon gives
the time of flowering May and June, and of ripening
its fruit in August and September, and Sir Joseph
Hooker, in the Student's Flora, flowering August. At
Hastings doubtless they will be much earlier than at
Longtown. Guiltcross.
Novelties. — "What's in a name? That which
we call ' a Rose,' by any other name would smell as
sweet." These are words pregnant with wisdom, put
into the mouth of the gentle Juliet by the immortal
Shakespeare, and the quotation has become familiar
to us by its aptness. Botanical blunders are frequently
amusing enough, but they are not always printers'
errors. Here is an instance which suggests sublime
innocence, in matters botanical, upon the part of a
recent critic, who ventures to speak with authority
upon the merits of a collection of Roses in a provincial
nursery. I take the extract from a local paper. The
writer in a lengthy article has squandered his adjec-
tives lavishly upon the more ordinary specimens
which have presented themselves, and then intro-
duces an old familiar friend under the title of " Cap-
tain Christicr— we presume he has reserved "Captain
Christi«/ " for the superlative representative of the
family. We are then introduced to a startling novelty
in the following terms: — "Among the white, or
nearly white, we noticed some strong blooms, pro-
ceeding (sie) of course from equally strong stocks, as
. . . . and Julius' Finger, a white finely-formed
Rose, with just the faintest blush of pink in the
centre, sent out as an improver [sic) on Captain
Christie {sic) ; but whence its singular name we are not
informed." Dear me! This is apiece of exquisite criti-
cism, original to a degree, and happily quite unique.
But if you want a genuine joke, here it is. liodum
sidum was, as your readers are aware, a very popular
noveltyin the zenith of its fame, but here is a new claim
out for the attention of the seekers for "something
new " — and a perennial ! The following paragraph
is from the Aorth IVales Chronicle: — "Not far from
Bettws-y-Coed stands a house, on the walls of which
grows a lovely scarlet creeper. Tourists passing by
have been curious to know the name of the creeper,
and for their especial benefit the owner of the house
has gone to the expense of having the following
displayed in a prominent position : — Wotanassua
curiosus. — Perennial ; var. com., Linnaeus. Supplied
by principal London florists. Flowers from May
till August and October. Directions :— Trench soil
lightly with soap dregs ; with growing plants curl
tendrils with slips of lead on to lattice. Part evenly
at base." A demand has already been created, and
the unsuspecting innocent is to the fore, seeking this
new beauty for his borders. The cultural directions
are not particularly clear, but the introduction of the
August i8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
215
domestic "stimulant " is the art of artlessness, and
the very inelegance of diction is probably only a veil
— a subtle device of the wit, whom we picture sitting
behind the parlour curtain, watching the enthusiasts
•' taking notes ! " That " creeper " deserves a place
among the permanent records, and I have ventured
thus to send you a note of the novelty. Of course
everybody is not satisfied, and one party at least is
inclined to say, par iiol'iUfra/rmn. A rJyn-y- MoioaLid^
Caprices of the Weather, as Illustrated by
the Fruit Crops. — This becomes very obvious, as
one reads the lucid notes of your correspondents in
different parts of the country. Nor are the varied
results at all surprising or difTerent to what might
have been expected. Reports covering such a wide
area must necessarily record widely varying expe-
rience and results, and no one familiar with the
weather expects the temperature to prove uniform
over any very extensive area ; and were it so, there
are many other destructive influences more subtle, it
may be, but hardly less destructive, than mere cold.
Among these are exposure, air currents, moisture,
prevailing winds, character of the soil, modes of cul-
ture, amount and character of manure, varieties of
vegetation, as trees, flowers, vegetables, &c. But it
is not of these that I would nojv write, but of ibe
almost infinite and distinct varieties of results within
a few yards at times, and very often within a quarter
or half a mile. This March, for example, our Apri-
cots were nearly cleared of fruit, and several of the
trees killed, one tree only escaping — the Royal, a
variety not at all noted for its hardiness ; whereas
another of the same sort interlacing it. was not only
cleared of its fruit, but killed outright. Again, for
nearly thirty years we have not had a total failure of
Gooseberries in these gardens ; this year nearly the whole
crop on espalier fence and rough bushes and pyramids
were cleared ofT. There is nothing wonderful in that —
no ; but less than a quarter of a mile off", in the garden at
the lodge, the bushes had to be supported under their
tremendous loads of fruit ; and similar contrasts are
seen in all directions this year. Currant bushes in
the same rows of the same varieties are distinguished
by a full crop, half a crop, quarter crop, no crop. A
curious result is also seen on a north-east border fur-
nished with three rows of Currants and one of Goose-
berries. The black against the wall is pretty full, the
red being half a crop, the white fewer, the Warring-
ton Gooseberries against the walk few or none. This
may partly be attributed to the shelter of the wall,
and the greater hardiness of the black and red Cur-
rants, though I am by no means sure that they are
more bushy ; but similar results have often been seen
among Plums and Pears. Unfortunately, among the
first fruit we have no Plums left this year, and but
very few Pears, though I see Mr. .Sheppard, of Woolver-
ston, writes of abundance of Pears ; but there are wide
differences of soil and climate between Hardwicke and
Woolverston. The noble tidal river of the Orwell
alone exerts a powerful ameliorating influence on the
climate of Woolverston, sufhcienlly potent prob-
ably to save the Pear crop ; but if so, why not also the
Plums? Before now we have Plum crops saved and
Pear crops lost side by side — this season, writing
broadly of our Pears, both are gone. But of all
capricious results, perhaps the Apple crop is the
most striking. The bloom this season was so late that
it is impossible to hold the March frosts responsible
for the partial or complete loss of the crop here and in
many other gardens. The trees were pictures of
health and beauty when in bloom. All promised well
for some time afterwards, and then they simply
dropped, and the fruit is still dropping in the most
disheartening manner ; an d many of the dropped ones
are to all appearance on dissection sound. The trees
are clean and free from insects, only they lack a full
crop of fruit, and those they have keep falling. Were
this universal all round one could understand it, but
every now and again one comes on a garden or orchard
laden, almost broken down with Apples ; and within
sight or over the wall from this is another garden or
orchard almost wholly fruitless. This absolute dis-
parity of results within closest proximity bafiies and
puzzles the cultivator beyond measure. It is all very
well to write or talk of stratas, zones, and currents of
air, but they are often perforce so close together that
it is physically impossible that the difi'erence between
them can be very pronounced ; and yet here is a full
crop and there an absolute blank. The most strik-
ing illustration of the erratic character of the crops of
this season h.is been left to the last. Peaches and
Nectarines here are on all our walls a full crop, while
Apricots, Plums, Pears, to the right or Icit, or base or
top of the air are practically fruitless. A good deal has
been said about the Peaches flowering later than Apri-
cots, Plums, or Pears, but really that was not so, except-
ing in regard to the Apricots — the Plums and Fears
blooming after the March frosts and almost simul-
taneously with the Peaches and Nectarines. Even
during the spell of 20° or 30° of frost towards the end
of March the blossoms of the Peach were so advanced
as to pink the surface of the walls with their expanded
buds, and yet they appeared to set a full crop that
needed vigorous thinning, and the Plums and Pears
perished in budhood. Nor are these contrasts in re-
sults by any means, as a rule, confined to different
species or varieties. It so happens this year that the
Peach and Nectarine crops are generally good and
regular. But how often one sees one tree fruitful and
another barren, growing side by side, without any
apparent reason for the difference. Such reasons —
cultural or selective — are often obvious enough, but
these are not those referred to here and now, but
those more subtle and hidden causes of success or
failure in the matter of climate that have hitherto
eluded our grasp. Cannot anything be done by our
scientists to make them more manifest or place them
more under the control of practical men ? A great ser-
vice would be rendered to horticulture, and much
mere waste of labour, land, capital, and skill be
arrested. D. T. Fish.
USEFUL
PLANTS IN
GUAY.
PARA-
^^5W?^
CONTINENTAL ONIONS.
There is now to be seen at the Chiswick Gardens
an excellent trial of varieties of this popular esculent,
and they are just at their best. There are three
varieties of Continental origin that are particularly
worthy of notice, because their presence in the trial
shows that our Continental neighbours are to all
appearance as fully alive to the importance of im-
provements in Onions as we are ourselves. One of
these is the White Globe of Messrs. Vilmorin & Co.,
of Paris. This is a somewhat unfortunate name,
because there already exists a White Globe of the
English seed lists, and much danger of confusion
arises when the same name is repeated. Messrs.
Vilmorin & Co.'s White Globe appears as if selected
from the Silverskin type ; it has the silver skin, but
differs from that and the Tripoli Onions in having
smaller roots and a lesser bulk of them ; it is of a
true globular shape, diflering in this respect from the
English White Globe, which hasamorespherical outline,
as also in the silvery hue of the skin, instead of the pale
straw colour of the English type. It is, to all appear-
ance, an Onion that comes rapidly to maturity, and
therefore is of great value as an early variety, wonder-
fully solid in the flesh, and therefore of good weight, but
decidedly pungent in flavour, and not mild, as in the
case of the Tripoli Onions. It is a variety well
deserving the attention of gardeners, because so early ;
whether it will prove a good keeper or not remains
to be seen, but that is a matter of no great moment.
The next is the Trebons Onion, a globular variety
with a brownish-yellow skin that comes to a larger
size very early in the season. This is no doubt the
very best of the early Onions, coming into use before
the Spanish ; and, being of an agreeable flavour, is
very useful for culinary purposes. One wonders that
this truly superb variety has not been seized upon and
grown for market purposes, but the French seed crop
has failed of late years, and it is very difficult to
obtain it. It makes a rare variety for sending into
the market now and up to the time that the bulk of
the Spanish Onions are ready, and it is also a very
fine variety for exhibition purposes, for if under ordi-
nary conditions it can reach the great size it
has already attained to at Chiswick what is
likely to happen under the special cultural atten-
tion bestowed on Onions in some parts of the
country ?
The third and last is the Zittau Yellow Giant
— a Spanish type, flat, large, handsome, and of
a deep brownish-yellow skin. It has all the appear-
ance of being, and is said to be, a good keeper.
It is worth a trial against all the selected forms of the
White Spanish known to us under a variety of names
— Nuneham Park, Rousham Park, Banbury Improved,
and a host of high-sounding synonyms. The Giant
Zittau we take to be a selection from the large
yellow straw-coloured of the Continent, and it is well
worth looking after. We know that English seeds-
men are apt, in not a few instances, to look with an
unkindly eye on Onions of foreign production, but
we think that in these three types, from Messrs. Vil-
morin & Co., they get something worthy of English
gardens, and therefore well deserving attention. Like
the seeker after truth, the English gardener should
seize upon whatever is of good report wherever found,
abroad or at home, apart from insular prejudice or
pride of race.
From a report on the commerce and finance of
Paraguay, the following notes on the vegetable pro-
ducts of the country are gathered. Tobacco, it seems,
is one of the principal articles of export, and it is said
to be cultivated by nearly the whole population of
Paraguay. The approximate quantity of production
is calculated at 5,500,000 kilog. per year, and it
yearly tends to make progress. Although the Argen-
tine Republic, and, on a smaller scale, Uruguay and
Chili, are the chief markets for Paraguayan Tobacco,
yet as these countries have themselves for some years
past taken to cultivate this article, it is to be presumed
that the said countries, on improving and increasing
the cultivation of Tobacco so as to produce enough
for the consumption of their own inhabitants, will
find it to be in their interest to protect their own
industries by Custom-house measures against the
entry of foreign Tobacco. It is consequently very
important for Paraguay to find a European market
for its Tobacco produce ; but the quality will have to
be considerably ameliorated before the Republic can
hope to succeed in this. .Smoking is universal, and
is indulged in alike by men, women, and children ;
the women make up the cigars, and it may be
said that since the war, which all but anni-
hilated every man in the country, the women are
employed in nearly all agricultural pursuits.
Tobacco can be cultivated anywhere in the country,
but the places best known for the excellent quality
grown are Villa Rica, Itacome, Luque, and the banks
of the river Apa, The pcti-hohy (a blue Tobacco)
and the pcti-para (yellow) are those which are culti-
vated with the greatest care. The former, coming
from Villa Rica, is used for home consumption, and
the latter(/<//-/ar</) for export purposes. The Tobacco
seed used in Paraguay was originally introduced from
Havannah, with the exception of the peti-hoby, the
original of which is unknown. '^\\^ pcti-pard^ which
contains 6 per cent, of nicotine, is highly esteemed
and generally smoked by the natives. At Luque a
species of Havannah Tobacco is grown, which in its
quality resembles the Brazilian Bahia Tobacco. It is
stated that the whole ground at present under Tobacco
cultivation in Paraguay does not exceed in the aggre-
gate a square league of land.
Next in importance to Tobacco, if not of greater
value, is the cultivation of Verba, or Paraguay Tea
(Ilex paraguayensis). The Verba fields hitherto
worked are those situated in the northern and southern
districts of Paraguay. The northern fields are State
property, and are leased to the cultivators by the
Government, the lessees paying a licence tax of
trifling amount.
The southern fields were granted by Government
to lessees for a term of ten years, from January i,
1S80, on condition that the Government should receive
the sum of 12 dol. (£1 is.) for every 25,000
English pounds) produced by them. Yerba-mate
is at the present time exclusively consumed in the
Republics of the River Plate, Uruguay, and Chili.
There seems a strong reason to suppose that at some
future time Verba will become an article of export to
Europe.
From a translation of a paper on the subject pub-
lished in the Kcriie Scicnti/jijite cfc Paris by M. Louis
Conti, some interesting facts may be gathered,
amongst which may be mentioned the fact that the
quantity annually exported from Brazil may be
reckoned at 30,000,000 kilos, or 300,000 metrical
quintals, and that from Paraguay about one-sixth that
amount, or about 5,000,000 kilos, or 50,000 metrical
quintals. In one province alone of Brazil, viz.,
Parana, 15,000,000 kilos are exported annually ;
added to this the quantity required for home con-
sumption must be taken into account, and thus the
total consumption of Yerba-mate in each year may be
put down at 500,000 metrical quintals, or 50,000,000
kilos.
" The virtues of Yerba-mate as a mild stimulant are
well known, and it possesses nutritious qualities in no
mean degree. It may be said that in certain parts of
South America it constitutesnearly the wholesustenance
of field labourers when engaged in the outdoor pursuits.
It has been noticed that in towns certain persons take
little else in the way of food, and especially women,
who are in the habit of taking from ten to twelve cups
per day. All authors who have treated on Verba-
male, from the early publications of the Jesuits to the
2l6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[Adgust iS, iS
more modern works of Bonpland, Mantigazza, Pa
rodi, Barbier, and others, are unanimous in stating
that the nutriment afforded by Yerba-mate suffices to
sustain the system during a prolonged interval of
labour. The consumption has increased fivefold
within the last forty years."
A comparison is drawn between the cost of Coffee
cultivation and preparation and those of Verba ; while
with the former the processes of pulping, roasting,
&c., have to be gone through, with the latter the pro-
cesses are simple and rapid, and can be completed in
from twenty-four to thirty-six hours. " A slight
scorching of the leaves caused by rapidly passing
through a fire, lit with aromatic wood, the sprouts
on which they grow, completes the first operation.
The next consists in suspending small branches of
these sprouts at the height of 2 metres from the
ground beneath the roof of a shed open to the air on
all sides in such a way that these branches form as it
were a ceiling. In this position they are exposed
during fifteen or twenty hours to the action of a fire
kindled beneath them with sweet-scented wood,
which burns briskly without yielding any smoke ;
afterwards the scorched sprouts are coarsely ground,
and this forms the last operation which Yerba-mate
undergoes in the forests before being transported
thence to the towns and villages. It is then finally
prepared for transport to its place of sale. So
trifling indeed are the operations to which the Ilex
leaf is submitted in the forests themselves, that in a
couple of days a few men accustomed to the task can
dry between 3000 and 4000 kilos of Verba."
On the subject of durable and ornamental woods,
the botanical origin of which we know so little about,
it is said that the country is indescribably rich in
such woods, suitable' either for building or industrial
purposes, but for the want of an easy accommodation
they cannot as yet be sent to European markets.
The requirement seems to be the providing of small
but powerful cargo vessels of very light draught, and
capable of carrying when loaded about 400 tons,
Quebracuo wood is referred to as being a very hard
wood, weighing 38 kilos per cubic foot, which is sent
in large quantities to France, It is useful for tanning
and colouring purposes as well as for railway sleepers.
This appears to be the Red Quebracho (Loxopterygium
Lorentzii.)
All fruit trees of temperate countries, such as the
Pear, Apple, Fig, &c., besides those of hot climates,
such as Orange, Banana, &c., are cultivated at Para-
guay. Oranges are so plentiful that they merely have
a nominal value. The price of 5000 Oranges deli-
vered alongside the vessels in the river Paraguay is
5 dols. 75 c. {^I 3^. I5rt'.)during a period of abundance.
The price increases only when the fruit is getting
scarce. In the Custom-house Returns for 1881
Oranges figure in numbers in the export list at
47,917,700, and in value at 47,917 dols, 70 c.
(^^9583 lOi, lad.) These Oranges have an excellent
flavour, and are shipped in enormous numbers to the
Argentine markets, chiefly Buenos Ayres.
There are three varieties of Sugar-cane cultivated,
two of a white and another of a darker colour, the
latter of which grows to about the same size as the
large white variety, but resists the cold better.
Sugar-cane grows admirably throughout the country
and everywhere, without its being necessary to irrigate
the plantations, which last from eight to nine years.
This industry, however, is in a very primitive state,
and remains stagnant at the present moment from
want of capital and enterprise. The consumption of
cania, the rum made from the native cane, is enormous
throughout the whole country. Once planted the
cane may be said to yield juice during ten or eleven
consecutive years. In spite of the excellent quality
of the Sugar-cane, and the favourable nature of the
land for growing it, Paraguay consumes annually on
an average from 15,000 to 20,000 arrobas (from
375,000 — 500,000 lb.) oi foreign sugar, and with the
heavy import duties at present existing in the Argen-
tine Republic and in Monte Video it is difticult to see
how Paraguay will be able to profit by exporting this
valuable article, more especially as sugar-producing
and cane-planting have been taken up during these
last few years on a large scale in the Argentine pro-
vince of Tucuman, The total produce of the sugar-
growing Argentine provinces is calculated for the
year 1882 at i,Sso,ooo arrobas(37, 500,000 lb.). The
two sugar mills which at present exist in the country
are generally idle, owing to want of capital and to a
deficient supply of the prime material, viz.. Sugar-cane ;
so scarce is Ihe latter that plantations will have to be
formed for the purpose of producing cane for these
two mills, which are on a scale sufficient to supply
the whole of Paraguay with sugar.
The Coffee of the country is of an excellent quality,
although its flavour is somewhat bitter. At present
it is grown on a very limited scale, owing to the
scarcity of capital, and to the length of time which is
requisite before the cultivator is able to reap any
benefit. It is calculated that on the average a period
of five years or so must elapse before Coffee planta-
tions are ripe for their first harvest. Indigo is of a
regular quality, and the extraction of the dye is
easily effected, M, Balansa, a French naturalist,
settled in Paraguay, has begun planting Indigo with
considerable success, some samples of which were to
be sent to Europe for examination,
" There is an endless supplybf fibre-producing plants
equalling the Indian jute, and the only thing required
to make its preparation for the European market a most
important article of export, is machinery to separate
the fibre from its vegetable envelope, in the plant called
Caraguata (Eryngium) [? a Bromeliad]. A certain
Palm-leaf produces a filament rather superior to the
preceding, but perhaps the very best of anything yet
known is the fibre obtained from the Pino guazii."
This is described as Urtica utilis. For a long time
past, it is stated, the natives have been in the habit
of taking a string of remarkable fineness and strength
from the two indigenous plants — the Caraguata and
the Elvira. This thread is used for making cordage,
and samples sent to England have been valued at ^24
per ton. Up to the present it has not been worked
on a large scale, from the impossibility of obtaining
machinery to properly extract the fibre. A cordage
maker at Buenos Ayres has, however, it seems,
succeeded in producing the necessary machinery, and
intends putting it up in the Argentine colony of
Formosa, a province of the Gran Chaco. Should
this machine succeed, a valuable article of export
would be produced, of which Paraguay could furnish
several thousands of tons yearly.
A bark called Curuguay is described as being very
abundant in the country. It contains a large propor-
tion of tannin, and is very valuable for tanning pur-
poses. There are, however, no tanneries in Paraguay.
Besides the articles already referred to, the report
says that " there exist, unknown to the world in
general, a variety of drugs, medicinal plants, gums,
&c., which have yet to be explored."
A variegated form in cultivation is a plant of some
decorative value. Circsea lutetiana is noticeable from
the graceful profusion of its small white flowers, and
is remarkable in the order to which it belongs by the
suppression of parts by which the floral whorls become
bimerous. Ulex nanus is a distinct looking Furze
of smaller dimensions in all its parts than U. euro-
psus, and is mostly confined to the southern part
of the island. Growing upon this, as well as on
Galium saxatile, Calluna vulgaris, and Holcus mollis,
the curious interlacing thready stems of Cuscuta epi-
thymum flourishes luxuriantly, although it must be
with baneful effect upon its host. Gnaphalium luteo-
album, considered only truly indigenous in the Chan-
nel Islands, occurs in isolated tufts in dry grassy
places ; while G. sylvaticum, G. uliginosum, and the
closely allied Filago minima, scattered about, bring
up a close array of representatives of this group of
Composites. Scutellaria galericulata and S. minor
grow in great profusion in different situations and
under different circumstances. In some places the
two species mingle freely, and forms occur which
seem intermediates, which, however, if cultivated
under the same conditions, might prove to be only a
state of S. galericulata. The curious little Thistle,
Carlina vulgaris, is frequent in sandy open places,
the dead stems and flower-heads of which persist for
a year at least in that skeleton-like condition,
iVIelampyrum pratense affects somewhat shady and
bushy places, while Daucus carota prefers dry and
open banks. Betonica officinalis and Malva mos-
chata are, or ought to be, cultivated in every garden,
and are the best of the respective genera to which
they belong as far as British representatives are con-
cerned. Y.
VIRGINIA WATER.
Although few of the undermentioned plants to
be found near Virginia Water are to be considered
as remarkably rare, yet many of them are worth
the trouble of cultivating from their decorative
value, and others, if plentiful, are local in their
distribution, or confined to a particular part of
the country. Those under notice, although not
all in the immediate vicinity of the lake, are found
within a radius of a mile on either side of it, and
the occurrence of several species of some genera
within the prescribed area, testifies to the compara-
tive richness of the flora over that generally met with
in any one place. Anagallis tenella, found on the
margins of wet ditches, is a floral gem in miniature
for the bog garden, the value of which can hardly be
over-estimated. Where growing in the shade the
flowers are larger, but loose in colour. A. arvensis
crops up occasionally in open and drier places. Lysi-
machia vulgaris, L. nemorum, and L. nummularia,
are popular garden plants, especially the latter, and
affect damp, often shaded places, near the water.
CEnanthe crocata, CE. fistulosa, Acorus calamus,
Sparganium simplex, S, ramosum, Iris pseudacorus,
Mentha hirsuta, and M, arvensis, occupy the
margin of the lake, with their feet often in the
water, while the white and yellow Water Lilies,
together with Polygonum amphibium, adorn the sur-
face of the water some distance away, the latter re-
minding one of an army of soldiers dressed in red, and
dwarfed only by distance, Littorella lacustris carpets
the shallow gravelly margin, and seems to luxuriate
most where the water does not wholly submerge it,
Carex remota is the most prevalent sedge, both in
numbers and frequency of occurrence ; while C. pani-
culata, C. distans, and C. fiava are also to be found.
Euphorbia amygdaloides, abundant here in shady
places, is a local plant, and, like most of its congeners,
hardly attractive except in a young state, when the
growing bracts assume a bright greenish-yellow tinge.
OTELEY PARK, ELLESMERE.
This beautiful mansion, the seat of S. K. Main-
waring, Esq., is situated I mile rom the town of
Ellesmere, and 16 miles from Shrewsbury, on the
Cambrian line, and is approached by two ways — one
a footpath, the other by the main road to Wolhamp-
ton, both along the banks of the lake, which is about
160 acres in extent. On entering the park gates, off
the main road, I came into a magnificent undulated
park of large dimensions and richly timbered with
fine Oaks and Beeches, and in which are numbers of
stately red deer. The distance from the entrance to
the mansion, which is a noble structure, built of
polished grey stone, is about half a mile. On the
north-west front there is a handsomely designed
flower-garden on a large scale, and all the beds of
which are edged with massive copings of the same
material with which the house is built, as are also the
different flights of steps from each of the terraces,
which are four in number, descending to the edge of
the lake, and presenting a very noble appearance.
From these may be seen the beautiful church on the op-
posite side of the lake, and the Welsh mountains, some
12 or 14 miles distant. Most of these paths are from
8 to 10 feet wide, and are ornamentally paved with
blue and white stones about the size of a cricket-ball —
there must have been several hundreds of tons used
for this purpose. The forming and finishing of these
terraces must have cost thousands of pounds. On
one of the highest elevations I noticed a magnificent
Araucaria imbricata growing freely, forming a very
large tree, also Sequoia gigantea, Cryptomeria
japonica, and other Conifers, all of which seemed to
be quite at home.
The conservatory is approached by a flight of seven
massive stone steps, through a rosery, which is laid
out in ornamental stone as the other portions of the
garden, and surrounded by large vases, Irish Yews,
and banks of Rhododendrons. Then on the same flat,
outside the rosery, are dwarf- trained fruit trees, of
Pears, Apples, principally cordons, forming a border
to some of the glasshouses. Here is the conservatory,
a very handsome design of the " ridge and furrow "
pattern, the paths of which are of ornamental iron
grating. The beds are kerbed with stone, and in them
are fine plants of Dicksonia antarctica, Cibotium
princeps, Lapageria alba and rosea, Lasiandra ma-
crantha, Trachelospermums, Passifloras, Tacsonias,
and numerous other plants in fine condition. On the
left of the conservatory are three large fruit houses,
principally consisting of Peaches and Nectarines,
bearing fair crops, and at the end of the range is a
winding staircase leading to the observatory, which
is of considerable height, and affording a commanding
view of the surrounding country for many miles. On
August i8, 1883.]
7^ HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
217
the right of the conservatory are two other fruit houses.
Here are some beautiful trees of Early Beatrice and
Dr. Hogg Peaches, Louise and Victoria Nectarines,
all in fine condition. Retracing our steps through the
conservatory some fine span-roofed houses come
under inspection. The first was filled with specimen
Pelargoniums and Mignonette ; the second with
specimen Azaleas, and the third with small growing
Ferns, Odontoglossum Alexandrce, and Pescatoreas,
Masdevallias, &c., all of which are in nice condition.
Vet another contains Eucharis amazonica, Calanthes,
Aerides crassifolia, and Saccolabiums ; and a similar
one is also devoted to Cucumbers and Melons. A
high domed house or vestibule contains a grand plant
of Camellia reticulata worked on a tall stem, and
covering the entire roof. Next comes a lean-to early
vinery, containing a nice crop, followed by a Tomato-
house, with the plants grown in large pots, and carry-
ing good crops of ripe fruit. In this house there
were also some fine pyramidal Fuchsias.
In a span-roofed Orchid-house I noticed beautiful
plants of Larlia Perrini, L. anceps, L. crispa, L. pur-
purata, Caltleyas {in variety), Dendrobium Paxtoni,
Sobralia macrantha, Chysis bractescens, and numer-
ous other useful Orchids, The Carnation-house, a
span-roofed structure, contained a quantity of large
plants of such varieties as La Belle, Miss Joliiffe, and
others. I particularly noticed a fine seedling in the
way of Miss Joliiffe, but much larger, which must
prove a great acquisition amongst these very lovely
and fashionable flowers. Next came a range of
heated pits, containing a quantity of hybrid Rhodo-
dendrons, small Carnations and Cyclamens, followed
by a long range of cold pits filled with quantities of
bedding plants for carpet work, which is done here
on a very large scale.
The fine open vegetable garden is about 2 acres in
extent, and walled in, on the walls being thriving
young trees, principally Apricots, Nectarines, and
Peaches. The establishment also includes a nursery
ground, where large quantities of seedling Oak and
other forest trees are grown, and near here are two large
lean-to houses containing Fuchsias, Valottas, Ama-
ryllis, standard Heliotropes, Kalosanthes, and other
plants in quantities. A pretty Swiss cottage comes
next in view, and further on over a rustic bridge is a
green walk or avenue of Lombardy Poplars about
loo yards long, and on each side of which is a wide
border of herbaceous plants, which are very interest-
ing. From here another portion of the pleasure
ground is approached, which is planted with fine
specimen shrubs, Hemlock Spruce, Cedrus Deodara,
Araucarias, &c.; and along a winding path by the
water's edge I noticed large specimens of green
Hollies and other fine trees, under which were grow-
ing quantities of wild flowers, presenting a very
pretty sight. This extensive and well-kept garden
is under the supervision of Mr. Bland, the successful
raiser of new Fuchsias, a few of which I may mention : —
Champion of the World, Bland's striped Duchess of
Edinburgh, Grande Duchesse Marie, Matchless, and
many others. Mr. and Mrs. Mainwaring take a
lively interest in the garden, the beauties of which
I cannot attempt to describe fully. 6". 7'» Asiot.
THE VEGETATION OF CEPHA-
LONIA.
Dr. Th. Helureich has lately published a cata-
logue of the plants of Cephalonia {Flore de tlsle de
Cephalonie on Cataloj^ue des Flautes qui croissait
naturcllcmcnt ou sont cultivccs Ic plus frcqucinnicnt
dans cetlc Isle), preceded by a short sketch of the
general features of the flora, from which we extract
the following particulars. Cephalonia is the largest
of the Ionian Islands (**40 miles long, and varying
from 10 to 20 miles in breadth " — Thomson s
Gazetteer), and hitherto no complete list of the plants
has been published. The prominent Conifer of the
islands, Abies cephalonica, was introduced into this
country in 1824. according to Heldreich, by General
C. J. Napier, then Governor of the islands.
Like the vegetation of islands generally, that of
Cephalonia consists of fewer species in relation to
area than that of the mainland opposite.- The littoral
zone wants all the Frankeniacex, and also the follow-
ing plants, so characteristic of the same region in
Attica : — Brassica Tournefortii, Erucatia aleppica,
Medicago marina, Alhagi grxcorum, Centaurea tpi-
nosa, Verbascum pinnatifidum, Stalice sinuata, Atri-
plex Hilimu?, Galilea mucronata, &c. On the other
hand, Cephalonia possesses a few plants in this region
that do not occur in Attica, such as Ambrosia mari-
tima, Salsola Sodor, and Slatice cancellala. There is
still greater ditference in the plants of the plain, which
is of small extent in Cephalonia and poor in species ;
and the same holds good for the hill region, where
the dominating plants are Anthyllis Hermannia,',
Poterium spinosum, and Thymus capitatus. Several
plants very common in the same region in Attica are
either altogether wanting, like Genista anthoclada
and Satureia Thymbra, or are very rare, like Thyme-
l32a hirsuta, and T. Tartonraira, Globularia alyssum
is also wanting, and Dr, Heldreich never saw Pinus
Halepensis.
The principal elements in the low woods or thickets
are Pistacia terebinthus, P, lentiscus. Arbutus Unedo,
Phillyrea media, and (^uercus calliprinos. The fourth
zone, or zone of Pines, at an altitude of 4000 — 5000
feet, is covered with woods oi Abies cephalonica, In
this region are found fifty-four species of sub-alpine,
chiefly herbaceous, plants. Deducting cultivated
plants and cellular cryptogams, which are very imper-
fectly known. Dr. Heldreich enumerates 766 flower-
ing plants and Ferns. Of these 766 species ten
species or varieties have not hitherto been found else-
where, and may therefore be regarded as endemic.
They are : — Malcolmia fiexuosa 3 cephalonica, Sapo-
naria asnesia, Silene cephallenia, Ononis antiquorum
^ lanata, Astragalus aristatus^S cephalonicus, Scabiosa
Dallaportse, Centaurea subciliaris, Verbascum sp.,
Ajuga orientalis j3 <enesia, and Abies cephalonica.
Comparing the flora of Cephalonica with that of
Zinte, we find the latter has 604 species of flowering
plants and Ferns, of which 1 78 are not found in
Cephalonia.
Of the 766 species found in Cephalonia 350 have
not been found in Zante, where the whole of the
plants of the Pine region are wanting. The orders
Portulacece, Haloragece, Monotropese, Amarantaceae,
Laurinece, Platanece, Callitrichinece, and Gnetace^,
represented in Cephalonia, are not known to exist in
Zante, where, on the other hand, the Nymphaeaceae,
Globulariece, and Equisetaceje are represented, while
they are apparently wanting in Cephalonia. The
total number of vascular plants indigenous in Attica
is 1445. The number of species of the predominating
natural orders in the three floras are : —
Leguminosse . .
Composilae ..
GramiDeas
Crucifcrac
Caryophyllea:
Umbelliferae ..
Labiatse
Liliacese
Boragineae ..
Scrophularinea;
RanuQculacese
Attica.
Cepha-
lonia.
Zante.
170
77
74
■47
97
75
120
60
56
77
3>
■7
T
34
15
69
43
= 7
64
39
31
57
31
=3
46
iS
'4
37
18
14
3.«
■s
■5
crbaijfous «oi;(teri.
Chrysanthemum atratu.m. — Puzzling planlsare
Ihe Ox-eye Daisies. The native form presents great
(iifferences, when it stands out from a crack of a lime-
stone rock, flowering on stalks not more than 4 inches
high in a neat mass, and when it grows in a garden,
rising with large flowers to a height of 4 feet ; but
the best garden form of the genus is one that came to
me by the name of C. atratum. It begins to flower
early in July, and bears flowers 4^ inches across,
while the plant, even in my strong wet soil, is not
more than 2 feet high. At Kew they call it C.
maximum, though the plant which I see in the
herbaceous garden there, and on the rockery, as C.
maximum, seems a distinct plant, at least from a
gardening point of view, and has smaller flowers on
stalks 4 feet high. I have generally called it C.
lacustre, and it flowers a month later here than the
other. Another I have is named C. montanum,
resembling the native form, but rather dwarfer, and
wiih larger flowers, but hard to distinguish from it.
I am glad to hear that botanists are now disposed
to include all these in one species, different as they
are in merit for garden decoration. There are two
other smaller Daisies, C. speciosum and C. arcticuni,
possessing no great merit for the garden. C. IVotlcy
Do,!, E./xv Hall.
Stenactis speciosa.— The above, which belongs
to Ihe natural order Composita;, is one of those choice
things rarely seen anywhere except in the most
rcdicrchi' collections of hardy herbaceous plants— a
fact which is probably due to its merits and extreme
beauty not being so well known as they deserve to
be. Its flowers, which consist of a disc of beautiful
yellow florets, surrounded by a circular row of pale
lavender coloured petals, some three-quarters of an
inch long, are exceedingly pretty, and very useful for
cutting to mix with other flowers for decorative pur-
poses. The plant is of dwarf habit, with flower-stems
from 12 to 15 inches high, and is of easy culture,
flowering, as it does, very freely in almost any kind of
soil ; i( the latter, however, is very poor, it would be
advisable to add thereto a little leaf-mould and well
decomposed stable manure. Propagation is effected
by division early in the spring. In a well drained
soil with a sunny position it appears to be quite at
home, and keeps in flower for a long time. y. Horse-
ficUf IleyUsbury,
Coreopsis pr.'ecox. — Six months ago a question
was raised in the Gardoicrs^ Chronicle^ about the
existence of this plant anywhere but in catalogues. I
bought two plants from a nurseryman, in whose
catalogue I found it. These have had the precocity
to flower as early as the beginning of August, and are
undistinguishable from an inferior form of that third-
class plant, Helenium autumnale. I need not add
that I suspect their authenticity. C, Wolky Dod,
Edge Hall, Augusl 8.
Lychnis vespertina plena, frequently called
L. diurna alba plena, and L. dioica alba plena ; but
the name here adopted is the correct one. A most
valuable plant it is for the supply o( white flowers, very
vigorous and floriferous, forming quite a freely branch-
ing bush of flowers, very double, and about i^ inch
across. Commencing to flower now it will continue to
do so until the end of September, or even later if the
weather is favourable. It is a recognised diflicult
plant to increase, particularly if handled in the wrong
way ; if the young shoots are taken instead of the old
ones — a plan usually adopted — there is not such a
large amount of difficulty in striking it ; true it is
rather slow, but of course patience and love will
overlook that. T.
Lychnis flos-cuculi plena.— Thisalsoisapretty
plant, but not so useful as the preceding ; the flower-
slems are dwarfer, very freely branched, covered with
double pink flowers. There is also a double white-
flowered variety which is more miffy, but a desirable
companion for the pink-flowered form. T,
Campanula rapunculus. — This plant, though a
reputed native, is now very seldom seen, having been
superseded in the kitchen garden (of which it is the
original Rampion) by better roots, and in the flower
garden by better flowers, of similar kind. It is one
of those plants which one grows and drops after two
or three years' acquaintance, being an acquaintance
more easily dropped in a garden than its relation, C.
rapunculoides, wh'ch I find nurserymen often send
under the name of rapunculus. I met with the plant
two years ago in an old kitchen garden in Surrey,
and got some roots. It would be difficult to mistake
it for rapunculoides, as it has its flowers upright, and
all round the spikes, while the other has the spike
one-sided, and the flowers drooping. The radical
leaves of rapunculus are very obtuse, whilst those of
rapunculoides are acute and more serrated, C. IVolley
Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, August II.
Campanula turbinata. — With regard to the
discussion about the distinctions between this Cam-
panula and C. carpatica, I would wish to mention a
fact which may be of some interest in the matter, and
possibly may throw some light thereon. Seedlings
raised from Mr. Froebel's Campanula turbinata
pelviformis are undistinguishable from C. carpatica,
producing blooms of the same shape and shade of
colour on similar branched stems. This would lead
one to infer that C. turbinata pelviformis may be a
sport from C. carpatica, and not from C. turbinata,
which name it bears. Mr, Brockbank mentions
(p. 167) that he has amongst seedlings from C.
carpatica some resembling C. turbinata pelviformis,
which would seem to strengthen this idea of its
parentage. C. turbinata pelviformis from Mr,
2l8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 1883.
Froebel's garden is not at all the same shade of colour
as C. carpatica, being of a light mauve tint.
John T'. Poe^ River ston.
Varieties of Campanula rotundifolia.—
Referring to my note on these, Mr. Brockbank begs
a very important question, and I entirely dissent from
his views. He says that the bunch of seedlings of
C. rotundifolia I sent him show that the Campanula
is easily influenced, probably by bee-borne pollen, &c.
My experience with respect to this species is, that the
seedlings reproduce in a remarkable way the varietal
forms of their parent. In one instance the seedlings
of the semi-double form, known as "Soldanellseflora,"
half of them produced flowers with linear petals,
showing probably that there is a strong affinity of
structure between these and the semi-double form.
The varieties I sent to Mr. Brockbank were nearly
all of them collected growing wild. I am saving seed
of two very interesting forms, and will publish the
result of their growth. One is from the Little Orme
Head, of dwarf stature and abnormally large flowers ;
the other is from the summit of the Glydr, and grows
only 2 inches high, with flowers no larger than those
of C. pumila, and never more than one on a stalk.
C. WoUey Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, Au^^ust 11.
evidently an enormous cropper. From Mr. A. Faulk-
ner, Inkpen, Berks, came examples of a new Rasp-
berry, named Lord Beaconsfield, a free bearing variety
of good size and excellent quality. Seedling Melons
came from Mr. J. Hardiman, Lynne Hall, Disley ; Mr.
A.Taylor, Apperly Bridge, Leeds; Mr. Burnett, Mr.
Jackson, Putney Heath ; and Mr. Rutland, of Good-
wood, who had a fruit of the Egyptian variety of
Melon mentioned in our columns last week, which
weighed 21 lb., and was exceedingly good in quality
towards the centre. From Mr. L. A. KiUick and
Messrs. H. Lane & Son cameanumber of early Apples,
including a variety named Mr. Gladstone, of medium
size, somewhat angular towards the eye, deep crimson
on the lower half, green towards the apex, and of a
rich vinous flavour — undoubtedly the best flavoured
early Apple yet sent out. Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons,
Crawley, showed a new variety called Early Lowfield,
of the type of Early Joanetting.
The following were the awards made : —
First-class Certificates.
To Messrs. H. Lane & Son and Mr. Killick for Apple
Mr. Gladstone.
To Mr. Rutland; for Egyptian Melon.
To Mr. Faulkner, for Raspberry Lord Beaconsfield.
Wmfa,
Royal Horticultural : Aitgitsi 14.
Floral Committee. — Present : G. F. Wilson,
Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. J. Mcintosh, J. Laing,
F. R. Kinghorn, W. Bealby, H. Bennett, J. Wills,
J. Douglas, G. DufHeld, \V. Baliantine, J. Dunning,
H. Turner, J. Hudson, H. Cannell, J. Cutbush, and
Shirley Hibberd. This was a small and unimportant
gathering, callinij but for a few remarks. A few
Dahlias of high-class quality came from Mr. Turner,
and a capital stand of new Gladioli from Messrs.
Kelway & Son, both of which are commented upon
in another column, Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152,
Houndsditch, showed cut blooms of a very fine new
Sweet Pea (see p. 211); and Messrs. James Carter &;
Co. sent samples of a number of their showy varie-
ties of seedling single and double Petunias, and a
flowering plant of Hasmanthus carneus ; Messrs. Kel-
v/ay &; Son also showed fine stands of single and
double Pyrethrums, and from Chiswick came groups
of Achimenes, TydLtJs, and tuberous Begonias.
Messrs. F. T. Smith & Co., West Dulwich, sent
a group of Balsams, not in their usual style as regards
cultivation, but with the same high quality of flowers
as of old. Mr. Humphreys, The Gardens, Nash Court,
Faversham, showed some cut blooms of a grand,
variety of Lapageria rosea named splendens. From
Mr. T, S. Ware came two boxes of pretty single
Dahlias, a nice pan of Primula obconica, a mass
of the white Francoa ramosa ; shoots of the crimson
fruited Podophyllum Emodi, figured at p. 241,
vol. xviii, ; and Lilium Wallacei, a species of
the Thunbergii type, growing to the height of about
2 feet, and bearing pure orange flowers with brown
spots. A very good large-flowered double white
Begonia named virginalis came from Mr. W. Bealby,
Roehampton Park, as also in Pelargonium Jean d'Arc,
a very fine double, pale lilac-tinted, white Ivy-leaved
variety. From Mr. Cannell came some capital
stands of Dahlias and other flowers.
The awards made were : —
First-class Certificates.
To Messrs. Kelway & Son, for Gladiolus Her
Majesty.
I'o Messrs. Kelway & Son, for Gladiolus Duke of
Teck.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for Lilium Wallacef.
To Mr, W. Bealby, for Begonia virginalis.
To Mr. W. Bealby, for Pelargonium peltatum Jean
d'Arc.
To Messrs. Hurst & Son, for Sweet Pea Carmine
Rose.
To Messrs. Vilmorin-Andrieux & Co., for Gladiolus
Grand Rouge.
To Messrs. Vilmorin-Andrieux & Co., for Gladiolus
Andre Leroy.
Cultural Commendatiotis.
To Mr. Humphreys, for Lapageria rosea superba.
To Mr. J. Hudson, for Gloxinia Lilian.
Fruit Committee. —Present : H. Webb, Esq,
in the chair ; Messrs. G. Goldsmith, S. Lyon, J.
Burnett, J. Willard, A. W. Sutton, L. A. Killick,
F. Rutland, W. Denning, J. E. Lane, R. D. Black-
more, J. Smith, and J. Woodbridge. Mr. James
Bolton, gr,, Combe Bank, Sevenoaks, exhibited some
bearing branches of his Prolific Gooseberry — a
medium-sized, smooth, green variety, not in good
condition as regards flavour, being past its best, but
ferous ; Blitum capitatum (the Strawberry Blite}, Cimi-
cifuga spicata, Phygellus capensis, &c. Mr. D. Mclvor,
Phantassie Gardens, Prestonkirk, sent some seedling
Carnations ; Mr. Wm. Clark, gr. to Jas. Black, Esq.;
Auchentoshen, Duntocher, sent a seedling Eupatorium.
Messrs. Jas. Dickson & Sons, Inverleith Nurseries^
eighteen named varieties of Pentstem^ns; Mr. John
Downie, Corstorphine, branches of well flowered Des-
fontainea spinosa from the garden of Mr. Mackray,
Wemyss Bay ; Mr. W. T, Bashford, Argyle House,
Portobello, Gladiolus flainmula ; Messrs. D. Mackay &
Co., Cameron B_ink, a seedling double white Sweet
William. A hearty vote of thanks was accorded to the
Chairman for presiding at the meeting, and the proceed-
ings were brought to a close with the usual donations for
the poorer brethren of the craft.
Atherstone Horticultural : Aii^. 6. — The fourth
annual show ol this Society took place on the above
date in the grounds of Merevale Park, the residence of
the Lady- President, Mrs. Dugdale. No more desirable
spot could possibly be selected, as the park is close to
the town, while it is magnificently wooded, splendid
specimens of Oak in particular being prominent, and
the view ot the counties of Warwick and Leicestershire
from the higher grounds being very fine. It was a very
good exhibiiion for a country district, but the fruits and
vegetables eclipsed in quality the plants and cut flowers.
The leading feature was the class for a group of plants
arranged for effect, crescent-shaped, and to cover a
space not exceeding 20 feet by 12 feet. This brought a
fine competition and a very close one, the ist prize,
together with the Silver Knightian Medal of the Royal
Horticultural Society being awarded to Mr. W. Brown,
Merevale Gardens ; 2d. E. Allday, Esq.; 3d, Mr. Hop-
kins, gr. to G. J. Sale, Esq.; two equal 4th prizes being
also awarded. These groups contained in each case
quantities of well grown plants, generally of a decorative
character, but far too much crowded, the individuality of
the plants being lost in the density of the whole ; and
there did seem to be too great a desire to secure a
uniform level of surface, which is much to be regretted.
But this class was a fine feature in the exhibition, and
perhaps the best decorative taste was shown in the fore-
ground of the 2d prize group, but it was weak at the
back. Messrs. E. Allday, Hanson Sale, G. J. Sale, H.
Townsend, and Mrs. Corbctt were the principal exhi-
bitors of plants, but it was difficult to gather up any
reliable details, because it is the practice of the Society
not to append the names of any of the exhibitors, even to
prize collections, though the trade firms were at liberty
to put what cards they liked on their exhibits. It is diffi-
cult to find a reason for this practice, and it is probably
the result of some local feeling.
In the fruit classes there were some good Grapes, the
leading exhibitors being Sir A. B. Dixie, Sir G. Chet-
wynd, H. Sale, and Mrs. Corbett. All hardy fruits were
numerous and very good. The vegetable classes brought
an amazing display, gardeners and cottagers alike show-
ing in fine form. There must be a rare soil for vegetables
about Atherstone. There were plenty of cut flowers,
including bouquets of garden and also of wild flowers,
and baskets of the same. In all these classes there was
very close couipetition, and not a few extra prizes were
awarded. A fine collection of Ferns, shown by the
gardener to C. N.' Newdegate, Esq.. M.P., Arbury
Hall, Nuneaton, was Highly Commended, not being
staged for competition ; and a First-class Certificate of
Merit was awarded to Messrs. Biddies & Co., Lough-
borough, for cut specimens of Biddies' New White
Rocket Candytuft, shown in fine condition.
Scottish Horticultural Association. — The
monthly meeting of this Association was held in the
rooms of the Society, 5. St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, on
Tuesday, the 7th inst. Mr. A. Mackenzie, one of the
Vice-Presidents, occupied the chair. Several new mem-
bers, proposed at the last monthly meeting, were duly
elected. Mr. M. Temple, Falkirk, read an exhaustive
paper on the causes of Vines failing, describing at con-
siderable length the cause of unfruilfulness, and the
several diseases of the Vine— red-spider, mildew, shank-
ing, &c. ; pointing out at the same time some of the
more efficient remedies for these, and giving numerous
practical examples and instances that had come under
his own observation. Mr. McLure, Trinity Grove ; Mr.
Addison, Kirkliston ; Mr. Alex. Shearer ; Mr. A. Mac-
kenzie (the Chairman), continued the subject, and a very
nteresting discussion was the result.
Mr. Charles Downie read a paper prepared by Mr.
John Downie on Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks. Mr.
Grieve, Pilrig Nursery, and the Chairman, continued the
discussion.
The Chairman in calling attention to the numerous
interesting exhibits which were laid on the table made
some pertinent remarks upon the finger-and-toe disease,
examples of which Mr. McLure had sent attacking
Brussels Sprouts, stating that he had found the best
remedy in either deep trenching or burning the soil. Mr,
Chapman, Easter^Duddingston Lodge, exhibited a dark
crimson climbing Rose from Japan, which was veryflori-
STATE OF THE M'EATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON
For the Week ending Wednesday, Augcst 15, 1833.
In.
29.47
2947
2979
29.98
29.74
79,58
29.56
In.
— 0.28
— o 29
-1-0.03
-f-0.22
— 0.02
— 0.19
— 0.21
Temperature of
THE Air.
Hygrome-
trical Dc-
ducLions
from
Glaisher's
Tables 6th
Edition.
S « ! .^ s! S
GSc^
»o3 7 14-3 58=— 3-9 46.6 66 , W.
. I ! I I I I < f W.:
07.550.1 17.457.2— 4.945-7 °S-[|vV.NW.
69.051.317 7 S'.?— 3-5:49.o, 69 j W.
.1 ' o ' ' K fi W-
70.948 522.458,7— 3.547-9, 67J w.S.W.
32. 255.526. 769. 0-f 6.S4S. 2 49 S.S.VV.
59.016.265.0+3.054.3 69] Yv.S.W.'
53 5
ean 29.65 —0.11 71.4 -3 a 18.0 Co, 9— 1.248.4 65
W -
II 5 35 -5— 2.2 50. B 73| w.s'w.
In.
0.06
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.03
o.q6
Aug. 9. — Fine and tiight at times ; very windy day. Fine
night, cloudless, windy.
— 10. — AUe"rnaiely bright and cloudy throughout the day.
Veiy H-incy nij^hf.
— II.— Fine and bright at times. Fine night; moon
bright, lunar hato.
— 12 — Flue, bright, vv.-iim day; windy. Fine night.
mostly overcast
— 13. — Very fine, bright, hot day and night.
— 14. — Fine day and night ; veryrough wind. Lunar halo
rain at 11 P.M.
— 15. — Fine day gener. lly : slight showers at times. Fine
night, alternately clear and cloudy.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending August II the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 30.19 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29. SS inches by 10 p.m. on
the 6th, increased to 30 05 inches by 10 P.M. on the
7th, decreased to 29 63 inches by 10 P.M. on the
8ih, increased to 29 66 inches by 9 A.M. on the
9ih, decreased lo 29 65 inches by 3 P.M., and in-
cieased to 29.66 inches by 10 P.M. on the same day,
decreased lo 29.61 inches by 3 P.M. on the loth, and
was 30 oS inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29 S6 inches, being 0.02 inch higher than
last week, and 0.07 inch lower than the average of
the week.
Tcinpcralurc. — The highest temperature in the
i.hade in the week was 7r.5, on the 7lh ; on the
Sih the highest was 61°. The mean of the seven
high day temperatures was 67°. 9.
The lowest temperature in the shade in the week
was 50°. I, on the io;h ; on the 6th the lowest tem-
perature was 59°. 5. The mean of the seven low night
temperatures was 53°.6.
The greatest range of temperature was l8''.3, on the
7lh ; the smallest was 10°, on the 8th. The mean of
the seven daily ranges was 14°. 3.
The mean temperatures were — on the 5th, 61", 4 ;
on the 6ih, 62°.6 ; on the 7th, 6o°.9 ; on the Sth,
55°. 9 ; on the 9ih, 5S°.2 ; on the lotb, 57°. 2 ; and on
the nth, 58°. 7 ; and these were all below (except-
ing the 6th, which was o°.5 above) by o°.7, i°.I,
6°. I, 3°. 9, 4°. 9, and 3°.5 respectively.
The mean temperature was 59°.3, being o°.S lower
than last week, and 2°.8 below the average of the
week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was i3o''.5, on the 9th. The mean of the seven
readings was 107^.8.
The lowest reading of a thermometer placed on
grass, and fully exposed to the sky, was 43°, on the
19th. The mean of the seven readings was 47°.7.
Rain.—^taxi fell on three days, to the amount
of 0,28 inch.
August i8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
219
England : Temperature. — During the week ending
August II the highest temperatures were 74°-6, at
Nottingham, 74° at Cambridge, and 73° at Leeds
and Sunderland ; the highest at Bolton was 63'.7, at
Liverpool 65". 7, and at Sheffield 68°. The general
mean was 70°, 2.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 42°.6
at Wolverhampton, 43°. 4 at Nottingham, and 44°.7
at Bolton ; the lowest temperature at Plymouth was
52°.4, at Preston 52°, and at Brighton 51°. The
general mean was 48 ',4.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 31". 2 at Nottingham, 27°. 9 at AVolverhampton,
and 27° at Cambridge and Hull ; the least ranges
were 15° at Liverpool, 17° at Preston, and 17°.4 at
Bristol. The general mean was 2i'',S.
The mean of tlie seven high day temperatures was
highest at Sunderland, 69°. S, at Brighton 69°. 5, and
at Cambridge 6S°.9 ; and was lowest at Bolton,
6o'.6, at Liverpool 6i".9, and at Bristol and Wolver-
hampton 63*.7. The general mean was 65°. 6.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Plymouth, 55°.4, at Brighton 54°. 9, and at
Truro 53^9 ; and was lowest at Hull, 48^ i, at Wolver-
hampton 48". 7, and at Bolton 49". The general mean
was 51°. 7.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Liverpool, 19". 7, at Sunderland 19°. i, and at
Nottingham i7".9 ; and was least at Plymouth,
io''.4, at Bristol io°.6, and at Preston lo^.g. The
general mean was I3°.9.
The mean temperature was highest at Brighton,
6o°.4, at Blackheath 59°.3, and at Plymouth 58^8 ;
and was lowest at Bolton, 53°, at Wolverhampton
54*4, and at Hull 55°. I. The general mean was
56*. 9.
Haiti. — The largest falls were 2.37 inches at Bolton,
1.56 inch at Liverpool, and 1.39 inch at Preston ; the
smallest falls were 0.27 inch at Plymouth, 0.2S inch
at Blackheath, and 0.40 inch at Truro. The general
mean fall was 0.82 inch. Kain fell on seven days at
Preston.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing August 1 1 the highest temperature was 68°, at
Perth ; at Glasgow and Greenock the highest tem-
perature was 65°. The general me^n was 66°. 3.
The lowest temperature in the week was 44". 5,
at Greenock ; at Glasgow and Paisley the lowest tem-
perature was 49°. The general mean was 47"^.
The mean temperature was highest at Leith, 56°. g ;
and lowest at Greenock, 55°.4. The general mean
was 56°. 2.
Rain. — The largest fall was 2.06 inches, at
Greenock, and the smallest fall was 0.20 inch at
Leith. The general mean fall was 0.98 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
Variorum.
Algerian Forests. — The forests comprised in
the colonised parts of Algeria include at the present
time some 14,000,000 of trees — viz., 6,019,011 large
forest trees and 8,373,565 Mulberries, resinous, and
ornamental trees. According to the official returns
there are 278,325 hectares covered with the Cork Oak,
605,622 with evergreen Oak, 42,74 2with Cedar;
while the remainder of the forest area is occupied by
the tree known as Oak-zeen, Aleppo Pine, Thuia,
wild Olive, Eucalyptus, Pistachio, Locust Bean,
Broom, &c. The majority of the cork trees are in the
province of Constantine, fringing the'coast line ol La
Calle and Bougie. Here also grows the Oak-zeen,
peculiar to Algeria, which resembles the White Oak,
but has a leaf like a Chestnut. Some of these trees,
and especially in the forest of Skira, on the Tunis
frontier, grow to a colossal size, and are excellent for
shipbuilding purposes. The Chestnut flourishes in
the forest of Edough, near Bona, while the plains in
the neighbourhood of the coast contain Elm and Ash,
and the river valleys Willow, Elder, and Poplar.
The lower chains of the Atlas range are covered
with evergreen Oak, mingled with Broom and
Sweet Acorn Oaks. On the ranges above
are the Thuia, Aleppo Pine, and Maple, though
these latter are limited in their localities, such
as the Aurcs Hills and the environs of Bathna, where
the summits of the mountains are thickly planted with
Cedar. Towards the coast of the province of Algiers
are the forests of Sahel and Mazafran, near Koieah,
the latter possessing huge Ash trees interlaced with
the wild Vine ; but the true forest country does not
commence until we reach the Atlas Mountains,
where are the forests of Ak-fordoun with very large
Cak-zeens, the forest of Beni-Menasser, consisting
principally of wild Olive, the forest of Ourensenis, of
Thuia and Aleppo Pine, and the venerable forest of
Teniet-el-Haad, where the Cedars are from 15 feet
to iS feet in circumference, and from 45 feet to 100
feet in height. The province of Oran is erroneously
said to be bare of trees, but though they are rather
scanty in the coast section, the plateaux of the
nwuntains are heavily timbered, especially beyond
Mascara, as far as Sebdou. The forest of Duya in
this neighbourhood is at least 40,000 acres in extent,
principally of evergreen Oak, Thuia, and Aleppo
Pine. The Times.
Prolific Potatos.— Mr. T. PL Hill, gr. to
A. W. Ruggles Brise, Esq., of Durwards Hall,
Witham, Essex, lifted a root of the Mr. Bresee
Potato, grown with Native Guano, containing thirty-
seven Potatos. The six largest weighed 2 lb, i oz.,
I lb. 2 oz., 13 oz., 12^ oz., 9 oz., S oz. The whole
root weighed 13 lb. 3 oz. This prolific crop has been
sent by the grower to be exhibited at the Native
Guano Company's stand at the Fisheries Exhibition. '
Answers to Correspondents.
Buuvakdias : H. B. The stems of the Bouvardias are
suffering from a cankerous disease that is peculiar to
them. Change the site for growing them, or remove
the soil, and make the conditions for their growth as
favourable as you can, by seeing that the drainage is
etticient. And if you could get fresh plants or cuttings
for a new start it would doubtless assist you very
much.
Carnations and Picotees : IV. A/., lVake/i.eid.
Rose flake Carnation Electric Light. Bright pleasing
colour, well defined ; apparently good-sized and well-
formed petals, but so nearly collapsed on arrival that
a positive opinion cannot be expressed. Seedling No. 2
collapsed completely. John Hines, stated on the
collar to have been "premier," was in better condi-
tion ; but flowers intended for transmission by post
should be sent fresh as cut Irom the plant, and have
wrapped around the stem some damp cotton-wool, or
damped moss ; further, they sliould be so placed in the
box that they should not be subject to displacement,
or severe vibration. — Thomas Anstiss, Brill. The
seedling red-edged Picotee is far behind the best now
in cultivation ; it is worth growing only as a border
variety. Carnation P.P.B. is Sarah Payne. Picotees :
No. 3, Lt. red ; 4. 5, and 6, Hy. purple ; 7, Lt. rose,
sent (or identification, I cannot recognise. They are
not any of the leading flowers now easily accessible,
E. S. Dodwell.
Fungus : J. A. AmpthilL The name of the fungus is
Peziza phlebophora. There are more than 3000
species of British fungi other than those mentioned by
you.
Ghapes : O. N. We cannot say what may have caused
your Grapes to shank. Anything that causes a weak-
ness of important parts, such as a want of water at the
roots, or too much, or watering just as the Grapes are
changing colour ; from a badly drained border, or
from too much growth having been cutaway just when
the fruits require the fullest assistance from root
and leaf. The knowledge you afford us is too meagre
for us to venture an opinion.
Mulberry Tree : X. B. You must restrict growth at
the root by lifting the tree and replanting it as soon as
the foliage begins to turn yellow in the autumn. The
tree has had too much root-space to run in.
Names of Plants : C. W. D. Your plant is Srsyrin-
chium californicum.' We understand there have been
alterations at Kew, and this plant accidentally came
up by the side of the label of Libertia formosa ; hence
the discrepancy. It has since been rectified. — Prof.
Reichenbach has received from an unknown English
correspondent Odontoglossum tripudians, Rchb. f. ,
and Masdevallia coriarea, Lindl. — F. Dee must
send better specimens. — E. E. S. Vicia Bithy-
nica. — N. L. 1, Cystopteris fragilis Dickicana ; 2,
Poly podium vulgare canibricum ; 3, Polystichum
aculeatum lobatum ; 4, Lastrea Filix-mas cristata ;
5, Asplenium- marinum ; 6, A. Adiantum-nigrum ;
7, Platyloma rotundifolium ; 8, Phlebodium sporado-
carpum. — Bell ^ Son. Probably TropiEolum spe-
ciosum, but we cannot be certain without seeing the
leaves. — R. M. 'Jerrold. Sedum reflexum. — George
Webb. I, Platycodon grandifiorum ; 2, Galeopsis
versicolor. — W. S. C. P. i, Kniphofia sarmentosa?
(too poor to name) ; 2, Campanula garganica ; 3, C.
rotundifolia alba ; 4, C, garganica, hairy var, ; 5 and
6, Veronica longifolia. — P. H. G. Ficus barbata ;
Oncidium flexuosum, a slight var. ; and Oplismenus
imbecillis variegatus (O. setarius, var.). — C. M. O.
A'garden Rose, which we cannot name. — 7- 7- Waltott.
Veratrum nigrum. — jf. R. Haig. Acropera Loddi-
gcsii ; and the large flower is Lycaste tetragona, — H.
Darlington. Sclerochloi distans. — W. F. B. Send
more complete material. — />'. H. Polygonum sacha-
lincnsis. and Spiraea sorbifolia. — H. J, Ncale.
Impaliens Roylei, as near as we can tell from such a
scrap. — E. H. Af. S. Probably Salix repens, the
female variety. — S. V. x, Corydalis lutea ; 2, Astrantia
major.
Pansv : Gardener. We cannot name your Pansy, nor
can wc tell you where you can get a scarlet variety of
the same size and habit of growth. We should rejoice
to be able to do so. — G. H. A very pretty seedling,
but we should hardly say it is distinct from some
already out.
Peach Trees : J. T. Ritchie. The trees, if fan
trained, should not be less than 20 feet apart in the
house. The upper part of the roof may be occupied
with "riders "—that is, tall-stcmmcd trees which cm
be removed piecemeal, or at once, as the dwarf fan-
trained trees grow upwards. These may be planted
in the centre of the house, and halfway betwixt the
trees intended as the permanent ones. You could
plant your fan-trees at half the distance given above,
and remove each alternate plant wlien they encroach
on each other. You would then obtain a few fruits
sooner, but tlie border would be more impoverished
by its having so many trees to support.
Plumhacio: X. B. The plant is probably too much
shaded, and does not ripen its wood. Either that or
some other local cause, not known to us, will account
for its not flowering.
Siti>i:rs m a Vinkky : Gardener. You will not do
much good by fumigating. Get a long-haired broom,
and clear them out by means of thaL No careful
gardener ever allows them to become a nuisance.
Strawberries : G. T. Smith. Under the circum-
stances you name the British Queen Strawberries had
better remain. The luxuriant growth that is the pro-
bable cause of their unfruiifulness will disappear, in
consequence of the exhaustion of the plant food within
their reach. Give no manure, and await results.
Trenching: B. Y. The ground in your case should
be " bastard trenched " — that is. dug two spits deep ;
but in doing it keep the top spit at the top, and at
the same time break up the hard chalky subsoil
with a pick or crowbar. If the soil is not in good
heart a dressing of farmyard manure, burnt refuse, or
peat that has been stacked in layers with manure,
would greatly benefit the trees.
Vinery : X. B. We cannot advise you without know-
ing more of the present condition of the house, the
Vines, and the border. Replanting an old vinery
requires to be done with some judgment, as it is not a
cheap operation. Is there no local professional gar-
dener near who would examine the house and advise
you on the spot ?
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Thomas Kennedy & Co., Dumfries — Dutch Flower
Roots.
William Inglis, Kelso, N.B.— Dutch Bulbous Roots.
Dickson & Robinson, 12. Old Millgate, Manchester-
Hyacinths and other Bulbous Roots.
Alex. Dickson & Sons, Belfast— Dutch and French
Flowering Bulbs.
Vilmorin-Andrieux & Co.. 4, Quai de la M^gisserie,
■ Paris— Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Btilbs, and
Strawberries.
Communications Received.— Cornubia.—T. P.— F. Tu^nail. —
P. C.-H. J. B -J. V. & Sons.— F. S. & Co.-P. H. G.-
W. L-T. H H.-J. H.— J. C. & Co.— T. C— B. and M.—
A. O.— C. \V. D.-G. H.— \V. Masson.-R. McM.—
C. A. Schroeder.— Haaceaiid Schmidt.— Inquirer.— W. M. C.
— W. H. K.— G. N.-W. P.-R. Pian.~J. OB. (wiih enclo-
sure).-?. H. S.-S. F. & Co., a double form of Papaver
somnii'erum, of which there is a great variety.
DIED — At Bromyard Road, Worcester, on the 9th
inst., aged nineteen years, John Robert, second son of
Mr. J. R. Petch.
arluls.
COVENT GARDEN', August 16.
We have now reached the end of the soft fruit season,
the present being the heaviest ever experienced in this
market ; Black Currants and Raspberries being more
than a double crop ; and prices, although low, have been
remunerative. Trade has been steady, at higher rates.
Large quantities of Grapes are reaching us from the
Channel Islands, with the usual decline in value. James
IVelfder, Wholesale Apple Market.
Fkuit. — Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
16-30
Apples, J^-sieve
Cherries, J^-sievc .. 7 c-13 o
Currants, Black, %-
sieve .. "30-39
— Red, J-3-sieve .. 30-40
Figs, per dozen . . 20- . .
Grapes, per lb. ..10-20
Gooseberries, J^-siv. 26-33
Vegetables— Average Retail Pbichs.
s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz 20-30
Beans, French, lb... o 4- ..
— Scarlet, per lb. . . 04-..
Beet, per doz. .. 10- ..
Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-20
Carrots, new, p. bun. 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eog-
lish, dozen . . 20-30
Celery, per bundle ..16-..
Cucumbers, each . . 04-08
Endive, French, per
dozen . . ..20-..
Garlic, per lb. ..10-..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
Horse Radish, bund. ^ o- 4 o
Potatos.
s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case . . 15 0-20 o
Melons, each .. 10-30
Peaches, per doz. .. 20-60
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-40
-- St. Mich., each 3 6-io o
Piums, J.3-sieve .. 5 o-io o
Strawberries, per lb. 03-09
s. d. s.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . .,10-,
— Cos, per dozen.. 1 6- ,
Mint, green, bunch. . o 6- ,
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 1 o- s
Onions, per bunch . , 06- .
— Spring, per hurt o 6- .
Parsley, per bunch., o 4- .
Peas. English, quart i c- .
Radishes, per doz. .. 16-,
Small salading, pun. o 4- .
Spinach, per bushel 2 6- .
Sweet Potatos, lb. . . 06- .
Tomatos, per lb. .,06-0
Turnips, new, bun. o 4- .
Vegt, Marrows, each o 2- .
■Jersey Potatos much diseased, and trade bad ;
Kent Kidneys, pCs to £6 per ton.
220
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 1SS3.
Plants in Pots.— Avbragb Wholesale Pricks.
Aralia Sieboldii, per
duzen .. ..T2
Arbor-vit2e (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6
— (common), dozen 6
Asters, per doz. .. 4
Begonias, per doz. .. 6
Bouvardia, doz. ..iz
Caladiiims, per doz. 6
Calceolarias, dozen... 4
Cockscombs, doz. .. 4
Coleus. doz. . . ..3
Diacasna term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz . . 12
Erica, various, doz. iz
Euonymus, various,
per dozen . . . . 9
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen .. ..6
Cut Flowers. -
s,
Abutilon, 12 bunches 2
Asters, 12 bunches.. 4
— French, per bun. 1
Bouvardias, per bun. i
Carnations, 12 blms. i
— 12 bunches
Cornflower. 12 bun
Dahlias, 12 bun. . . 3
Pelphinium, p. bun. o
Eucharis, per doz. . . 3
Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2
Gardenias, 12 bims.. 3
Gladioli, 12 spikes., i
Heliotropes, i2sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, iz
blooms . , . . 3
— red, 12 blooms., i
Liliums, 12 bun. ..12
Lavender, 12 bun. . . 6
Marguerites, 12 bun. 6
d.s.
d.
0-24
0
0-18
0
0-12
0
0- a
0
0-12
0
o-ia
0
0-24
0
0- 9
0
0- g
0
0- 6
0
0-60
0
0-24
0
0-36
0
0-18
0
0-24
0
s. d. J. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each . . . . 2 0-10 o
Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90
Hydrangea, per. doz. 9 0-24 o
Lilium longiHorum,
perdozen.. .. 18 0-42 o
Liliums, various, doz. 12 0-30 o
Lobelias, per dozen 30-60
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..12 0-24 o
Mignonnette, doz. .. 40-60
Myrtles, per duz. .. 6 0-12 o
PaJms in variety,each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen .. 20-60
■ — decorative, doz. 6 0-12 o
•• 3
Average Wholesalk Prices.
d. s. d.
Mignonette, 12 bun, 2
Mirigolds, izbun. .. 2
Myosoiis, or Forget-
niK-not, p. (2 bun. 2
Pansies, 12 bunchts o
Pelargoniums, i2spr. o
— zonal, 12 sprays o
Picolees, 12 bun. .. 2
Primula, double, bua. 1
Pyrethrum. 12 bun. . 3
Roses (indoor), doz. 2
— (outdoor), 12 bun. 3
— coloured, doz. . . 3
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2
Stocks, 12 bunches. . 3
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 4
Tropzeolum, 12 bun. t
White Jasmine, bun. o
0-30
0-60
6-40
0—60
6-10
0-60
0-60
0-30
o- 9 o
0-90
d. s. d.
0-60
Q- 4 O
0-60
9-16
6-10
3-06
c- 6 o
0-16
0-60
0-60
c^ 6 o
c- 8 o
6-40
0-60
0-40
0-60
0-20
6- r o
SEEDS.
London : August 15. — No fresh feature of either
interest or importance characterised to-day's market
with regard to farm seeds. Some type samples of
new French red Clover seed have been shown, but no
values are, of course, yet fixed. A moderate business is
passing in English Italian Rye-grass. Trifolium con-
tinues eJcceedingly cheap. The trade for bird seeds is
poor. There is no change in prices of Mustard and
Rape seed, yohn Shaw 6^ Sons, Seed Merchant!,
37, Mark Lane, London, EC.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday there was no pressure to
sell at any tangible decline, ;ind whilst the extreme rates
obtained last week on the best transactions were not
obtainable, still on rates current a fortnight back prices
of foreign Wheat showed in many cases is. advance, as
also did the fine qualities of English, secondary sorts
remaining without improvement. Flour on the spot was
fairly firm at Friday's advance. Grinding Barley con-
tinued to be well supportedatabout3'/. per quarter above
the rates of Wednesday se'nnight. Beans and Peas
remained at steady value in all positions. With scanty
supply rales for Maize were firm at the rise quoted on
Friday last— round, 28J. to 291., and flat, 27.1. to 275. 6d.
Oats upheld their value. — The Wheat trade on Wednes-
day was very quiet, but without any loss of steadiness in
prices. Barley kept firm in value. Beans and Peas met
very little inquiry. Maize on the spot was steady. For
Oats firm rates were required. Flour was very steady in
value, though a slow sale. — Average prices of corn for the
week ending August 11 : — Wheal, 431. 6d. ; Barley,
27J. 91/. ; Oats, 23J. lid. For the corresponding period
last year : — Wheat, 50J. 6d. ; Barley, 26s. jd. ; Oats,
22J. lid.
CATTLE.
At Copenhagen Fields on Monday choice cattle cleared
off steadily, but hardly up to previous extreme rates,
whilst second qualities ruled lower. Of sheep a large
portion consisted of heavy weight and sold very slowly,
but prime small brought firm prices, and met a fairly
quick sale. Swedish calves sold irore readily and dearer,
ranging up to 6s. i\d., or within 2</. per stone of prime
English, Quotations : — Beasts, Danish, 45. 61/. 105.^.41/. ;
Swedish, 4J^. 8</. to ^s. lod. ; Canadians, 5^. 4,/. ; British,
4*. 6d. to 55. 4^., and 5?. 6d. to 6^. 2d. ; calves, =,s. .^d.
to bs. 6d. ; sheep, 5J-. 6d. to 6s. , and 6s. .\d. to ys. —
Thursday's trade ruled quiet. Both beasts and sheep
were dull of sale, and droopmg in value. Lambs were
in fair demand, but calves and pigs were inactive.
POTATOS
The markets have been well supplied during the week,
and a lair trade was transacted. Quotations :^English
kidneys, 80s. to looj. per ton ; English rounds, 70J. to
gos. per ton ; English Roses, 60^^. to yos. per ton.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, 16s. ; Percy West Hartley,
t5J. gd. ; Walls End — Hetton, igs. ; Hetton Lyons,
i6j. ; Lambton, 18s. 6d. ; Wear, 16s, ; Tees, igs, -^d. ;
Sdlvin's Hetton, ijs.
Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at 100 to iQo\ for delivery, and locf to ioo| for the
account. Tuesday's figures were as on the preceding
day for delivery, and 100^ to loo^j for the account. The
closing quotations on Wednesday were 99! to 100 for
delivery, and as on the previous day for the account.
Thursday's final prices were 99^^ lo 100 for delivery, and
100^ to 100 "t for the account.
HAYNES & SONS
(Established 1 Tyo).
BY
HER MAJESTY'S
ROYAL
: LETTERS PATENT.
THE HYDRONETTE
(ROBINS' PATENT).
For
GARDENS,
GREENHOUSES,
■WASHING WINDOWS,
JJ- CONSERVATORIES,
HOT BEDS,
WASHING
CARRIAGES,
&c., &c.
Pattern No. 72.
THE PATENT TRIPLE TUBED HYDRONETTE.
PRICES— Each Hydronette supplied wiih 4 feet of
Suction Hose, Strainer. Jet, and Rose : —
f-:ca-a-.^-
Hydronette No. i £,q 15
Hydioneue No. 4
5
£^
The advantages enumerated below — copious and forcible dis-
charge, rapid action, certainty of beirg always in order, and the
fact of every inhabitant of the premises being accustomed to its
use on account of various services to which ii is ayplied— render
the Hydronette peculiarly available as a fire extinguisher.
ADVANTAGES.
1. No possible leakage, however much the Machine may be
used, or its condition neglected.
2. Simplicity of re-adjustments : no skill required-
3. Ready access to all parts of the Machine.
4. Freedom (rom all adhesion, or setting of the plurger in the
stuffing-box, after disuse.
5. Protection of the working bairel by the outer "casing"
tube, the action remaining completely unimpaired, though
the outer case should become indented and battered by use
ai.d accidents-
Pattern No. 74.
THE PATENT DOUBLE BEATER PISTON
HYDRONETTE.
This pattern Hydronette possesses all the above advantages,
with the exception of the outer or protecting barrel.
PRICES (sizes same as No. 72) : —
No. I .. .. £,0 i-2 6 1 No. 4 .. ..,^150
„ 2 .. .. o IS 6 ,, 5 .. .. I 10 o
,,3 . . .. I I o I
£ach Machine complete with Hose, Strainer, &c., &c.
Delivered Free by Parcels Post to any part 0/ tJte United
Kingdom.
HAYNES & SONS,
MANUFACTURERS,
231, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.
SOLUBLE FIR TREE OIL insecticide.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and
Blight Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a
good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, \s. 6d.,
2s. 6d., 4i. 6d. a bottle. Per gallon 12s. 6d , or less in larger
quantities. Maker, E.GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale
Druggists. New Yoik : Rolker S: Sone.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides
and all Parasites— To Prevent Ame-
rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale,
&C., and for Washing all Hard-
Wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S SOAP.
A ^ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonial.
" CotOD Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28. 18S0.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very ufeful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Tices ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this teitimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
REMABKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING
BV USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
Amortiser.— Amortiser — Amortiser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea. Green Fly,
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight, Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the raost delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watermg the Ground which
Instantly Destroys Slugs. Wireworms Caterpillars, Grubs, &c
When nrdenng state which preparation is required. Sample
Cans, 4'^ gallons, 3s. 6d., tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Ciders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
SPECIALITY FOB EOSES.
BEESON'S ROSE MANURE.
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all particulars please apply to
W. H BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills,
SHEFFIELD.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . . . 45. 6d. per sack.
„ best black fibrous ^s. 6d, „
., extra selected Orchid .. .. 5s. od, ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous
PREPARtD COMPOST, best
LEAF MOULD ..
PEAT MOULD
SILVER SAND (coarse)
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only ..
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported
,. PAPER, finest imported .. ._._,_
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special ad veitisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order,
s. per bushel (sacks
included^.
IS. 2d. per bushel.
icd. per lb.
8d. per lb., 28 lb. i8j.
led. per lb., 28 jb- 21s.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by them and all Niirseryineti and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used lo produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wni. THOiMSON & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horiicultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
GISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since i3;9, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thtips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
1 to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to i6 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparatioi'Sinlended to supersede it. In Boxes, ii. ,3s., & lor. 6d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part,
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, td.
and M. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited), London.
INLAND PARCELS
BOXES.
POST
50 assorted Tin Postal Boxes, 6s. 6d.
TIPPETTS AND CO, ASTON, BIRMINGHAM.
ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS,-AU the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Peed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. RafiTia Fibre. Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN AND
SONS, 4 and 5. Wormwood Street, London, EC.
PURE. WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HORTICIILTUKAL PURPOSES.
HIRSr, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90. Lower Thames St., London, E.G.
Under the Patronags of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with RAISED
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon.
REGISTERED TUBULAR FLOWER
STAKES, 2 feet, 31. per dozen. PEA TRAINERS,
6 feet by 4 feet. -is. 6d. each. SEED PROTECTORS, 3 feet
long, 6d : TRELt.ISING, from sj^rf. square foot. HURDLES,
from 3J, ARCHES, from loi. POT STANDS, from &i.
HANGING BASKETS from 6d. GATES, FENCING.'
NETTING, &c. llluftrated LISTS on application.
BROOKES & CO., 4, Cateaton Street, Manchester.— Estab. 1769.
August i8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
221
x':^^
CS\^
^^.S^^>^EEr ^^
21 01. Foreign, of the following
^yc
14x12
20X12
20x14
:6xi2
16x14
20X15
18x12
18x14
1SX16
3ds and 4ths qualities always kept In Btocic :-
20X16 20X18
22X16 22X18
24x16 24X18
Stock Lists and Prices od applicatioD.
All descriptions of British aod Forcisn Glass can be obtained
from
QEOBGE FABltaLOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
li, St. John's Street, West Smltlifleld, London, Ra
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and quaUlles of
BETHAM & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of ao in. by
Tain , 2oin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in , in i6-oz.
and 21-0Z. ; and also lar^e sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 2oo-ft. and 3oo-ft. cases.
TEN SILVER
MEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
WH-iTONSurER-MARE. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to ^o inches diameter, stand the fiosts. and seldom turn
green; ORCHID. KERN. SEED and STRI KING PANS,
RHUliARB and SEAKALE POTS. &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, td. Book of Designs, \s.
Roslier's Garden Edging Tiles.
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts ar« specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone.
very durable and ot superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfnais. S.E, ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price Lists free bv Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories. Halls, Corridors. Balconies. &c.,
from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths. &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles m great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchatits.
See Addresses above.
SILVER SAND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Trxickload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any RaiU-ay Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N. B. — Orders promotlv executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
SPECIAL '2.\-0Z. SHf^;-
d^
.\\
S^
^l
HORTICULTUKAt, SIZSS.
*,
'>f
20 Eoxe'!. 20 :■: 12
10 ,, 20x15
10 Boxes, 20x14
20 ,, 20x18
o Boxes, 20X 13
o ,, 20X 16
:o ,, 24X i3 I
In 200 feet Boxes, at Sl\d. per foot nelt for not less llian
1000 feet. BOXES FREE.
GEORGE FATIMILOIS & SONS,
GLASS. LE.-\D, OIL and COLOUR ME.RCH\NTS,
34, St. John's Street. West Smittifield. London, E.G.
BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 feet. The largest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN. Dutton Street. Liverpool.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
,,=_ The Best
''xmrnU "^^ Quickest
Made.
4-in, Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipss. 9 feet long, 41. 3^. each
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, i,s. 6d. each.
Price List en apfilicittioii.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited. The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free^
H Q S E~
PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.
Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus prov-
ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary
IndLotubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden U«e.
A correspondent writes ; — " 1 have had a length o( your Red-
Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as goud as ever.''
Private Customers Supplied at Trade Prices,
Sample and Price of
MERRYWEATHER & SONS,
63, Long Acre, W.C, : and Greenwich Road. London, S.E.
Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Rf^istced Trade Mmk)
H
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint en
all outdoor woik, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the advettisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i^. (:d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" Piercfj^e/d Pari; June i\, 1S76.— Sirs — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."
CAUTION.— }\\\,\. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they ie;eive, stamp it as a truly genuine ailicle.
Every ca^k is legibly marked wiih their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c.. sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
itS, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G. ; and 180, Buchanan
Street, Glasgow. ^^_
UNDER SPECIAL ROYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
" ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses. Cattle,
Calves, Sheep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price ol Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,
£2 lbs. 61/., sent carriage paid throughout Great Briuin.
CAUTION.-Beware of imitations, and see that the
name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE. BERKS.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
103 yards for lor.. delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 jards
for 105., delivered free per parcels post. Very u^eful cure Cotton
for Curtains. Blinds. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Ser.d stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mill'. Burnley.
ICK CLOTHS. GARDEN NETTING,
&C.-RICK CLOTHS. TARPAULINS, SACKS, and
every requisite fur Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post-
flee Can be obtained of HENRY VAN ano CO , 17. Tooley
Street, London, S F... who also supply GARDEN NETTING,
z yards wide, \\id. ; aod 4 yatdi wide, 3^, per yard.
SCRIM CANVAS, I yard wide, -^d. ; 1^ yard, 4'A^- '• nnd
2 yards, (tj. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, m pieces
of 20 yards each, at 31. 6d. per piece.
RICK CLOTHS- rTcK CLOTHS.
Before purchasing, send for Samples
and Prices to JAMES T. ANDERSON, who
can supply a splendid article at a low
price.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.
No. 76. MELON or CUCUMBER FRAMES.
CASH PRICES—Carriage Paid.
No. I .. .. S ft. long .. 6 ft. wide . . ^3 7 6
No. 2 .. .. 12 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 4 17 6
No. 3 .. .. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 676
These Frames are 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with a strong iron
strengthening rod, and one handle to each light. All painted four
coats of best oil colour, the lights being glazed with best ai-oz.
English glass,
BOIL BE
For heating all kinds of Horticultural Buildings,
NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY. FREE ON ArPI.lCATION,
s,
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING "WITHOUT PUTTY
R I', QUIRKS N (.) O U ']■ S I n E P A I N T I N O.
Auupted by Hi.s Royal Highness the Frmce ot ^..Ic .
llaiikMan Medal ui Ku>jl Hurticultutal Society,
Old Kuuks KE-GLA;(er. Old Wool.work Covered,
Plans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; ar.d
8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S.W.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn ri|;ht over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes, bizes and ptices. carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —
6 feel long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free, I^i 15 o
12 feet long, 4 leet wide, ,, ,, ,, 4 15 o
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, „ „ 3 ^5 o
la feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, , ,, 6 10 o
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
R. H A L li I D A Y & CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON.
MANCHESTER.
"AHT WITH ECONOMY."
Illustrated Catalogue of Ornamental Conservatories.
Plans, prices, and particulars ot GKOWING HOUSES.
NURSER YMEN'S CHEAP GREENHOUSES,
PLANT FRAMED, &c
CHEAP ART SUMMER-HOUSES.
Prospectus of Woiks of Reference on
Horticultural Buildings and Hot-water Heating.
By F. A. FaWKES, F.P.H.S.
Any of the above Post free on application to
T. H. P. DENNIS & CO.,
MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.G.
Works : CHELMSFORD.
B I B 1 I i
, a I I 1 ■»
^LJ^SSHOUSES&»EATlNjG
;HrGHCftT£ ROAD .LONDON.N.W(|ia
222
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August i8, 1883.
\
JAMES GEAY.
CONSERVATORIES,
VINERIES,
ORCHID and PLANT HOUSES, &c., &c.
HOT-VVfATER APPARATUS for all purposes,
BOILERS, CASTINGS, &c., &c.
Best Materials and Workmanship. Moderate Prices.
Works and Offices— Danvers Street, Chelsea, London, S.W.
IRQNFENClNl^iiiiS^
- /-^Gataloguesffie&ori amplication": -i?
bavu!Ss,<jone:s&bayliss'
TENANT'S FIXTURE GREENHOUSES,
made inlights and easily
erected , lower part
framed and panelled ;
painted two colours.
Improved Ventilating
Gearing for houses over
12 feet long. Glazed
with 2I-0Z, Glass, and
Painted 3 coats of good
oil colour. - , T- , ■ . < ^
Specimen size, 1 2 feet by 8 feet, l^^^ 3s. Gi- For brickwork, C10.
LEAN-TO HOUSES
for building against existing
walls, similar to above, 15 ft.
by lofeet, ;£24, or for brick-
work, ,1^19. Portable Cu-
cumber Frames, painted 3
coals, glazed 21-oz. glass.
2-light Frame. 6 feet by
8 feet, ,;^3 i,s. id. Cases 4J.,
allowed when returned.
All the above Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station.
Ilhisij-ated Catalogue free on application.
C. FRAZEE, Horticultural Builder, Palace Plain, Norwlch.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW LONDON, E C
W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTUI^L "WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapsidc, E.C.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Euildinfis, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
Accidents !-64, ComMU.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ]i^ i ,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ^^250,000. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;£i, 840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Cleiks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Bui'dings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capita], ^200,000. — Reserve Fund, ;£75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ;£to to
;£5aoo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds from ;^5 per cent, from one
month to 15 years. No suieties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit apphcant's
circumstances. The advances exceed .^^250,000 per annum.
Prospectus post-fiee.
(Established 1867.)
CRYSTAL PALACE COMPANY'S
SCHOOL of GARDENING and the IM PROVEMENT
of ESTATES.— Principal. Mr. Edward Milner, F.L.S.
Next Term Opens on SEPTEMBER i. Prospectus and parti-
culars in the Office of the School of Art, Science, and Litera-
ture, in the Library, Crystal Palace, Sydenham, S.E.
F. K, J. SHENTON,
Superintendent Educational Department,
Lltliograpliic Coloured Plates of Vegetalales, Fruits,
FLOWERS, &a, or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
Catalogues
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, Lithographer
to the Royal Academy, 15, Rue du Boulevard, Brussels.
Established 1829. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Natural History. Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that maybe required, and Estimates will
be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER, 149, Kingsland Road, London. E.
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY t^RINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.
EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.
To any one who owns a flower-pot, a garden, or a farm.
It is Indispensable,
because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It is Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors are practical horticulturists,
who write from actual experience and can prove the correctness of
their teachings, it is always Seasonable.
because it forestalls its readers* wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonablehir.ts for the work of the monih, which alone
are worth more than the price ef the paper.
It is Clean and Pure,
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least cffend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums,
In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles o/Tered in our
Premium List— either Seeds. Plants, Books, or Implements. A
Sample Copy and complete Premium List will be mailed free to
all applicants.
5J. per ayiman. Sample Copy Free.
Address. B. JL. BLISS & SONS, Publishers,
34, BARCLAY STREET. NEW YORK.
REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review).— Among the principal Contributors are :— A. Allard,
E. Andre, C. Baltet, T. Buchetet, F. Burvenich, F. Cidpin,
Comte de Gomer. De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, C. de Vis, J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore. C. Naudin,
B. Oliver. H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.
This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, Svo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings,
I'erms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
ii.r., payable in advance.
Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
at the Chief Post-office, Ghent.
Belgian.
BULLETIN d'ARBOR I CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-
nich, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mental GhenL Post-paid, loj, per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.
WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR-
DENER. — Must be competent to produce Vegetables
in large quantities, and to keep in order Lawn and small amount
of Glass, and to command men under him. Wages 25.1. per
week.— Royal Hotel, Matlock Bath, Derbyshire,
WANTED, a thoTo^ughlyhonesTwdRKl'NG
HEAD GARNENER. Well recommended, and
experienced in Hothouses and first-rate Gardens.— Apply, by
letter, to H. H.. Eland's Library, High Street, Exeter.
WANTED, a WORKING HEAD GAR-
DENER, Must thoroughly undeistand Vines, Hot-
houses, Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Singly man, or married
with no family. Must have first-rate references as to character
and capabilities. — Major A. HEBER PERCY, Hodnet
Hall, Hodnet, Market Drayton.
Under Gardener.
WANTED, a married MAN, who thoroughly
understands Kitchen Garden Work and Fruit Trees.
Wages i8j. per week, with residence in lodge. More than r child
objected to.— HENRY PARKER, Esq., Potter's Bar, Barnet.
WANTED, a BOY or UNDER GAR-
DENER, who has been out before. He must be
active and intelligent. Wages, i4-f- a week.— GARDENER,
Cranbourn Lodge, St. Margarets, Herts.
Greenhouse Foreman.
WANTED, a MAN, thoroughly competent
to undertake the Management of the Glass Department.
Comfortable situation and good wages to a first-rate man —
none other need apply.— LITTLE and BALLANTYNE,
Knowefield Nurseries, Carlisle,
.^ Herbaceous Plants.
TvTANTED, in a Provincial Nursery, a
y » respectable trustworthy MAN, thoroughly acquainted
with Herbaceous Plants and their Cultivation —Send full par-
ticulr.rs of age, where employed, experience, wages, and refer-
ences, to NURSERYMAN, Messrs. Street Brothers, 5, Serle
Street, Lincoln's Inn, London, W.C.
WANTED, a good working inan, as
PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Plants and Cut
Flowers for Market. One being in the Trade preferred, and
well up in the business, with suitable references. — State wages
required to J, M., Victoria Nursery, Neiv Humberstone.
ANTED, an UNDER PROPAGATOR,
for Outside Nursery Stock.— H. MARSHALL, Nur-
sery. Barnham, Bognor.
WANTED, for a small Nursery, near
London, a trustworthy LAD, from sixteen to twenty
years of age, who has been accustomed to Potting and Nursery
Work. A gardener's son preferred. State wages and refer-
ences.— B. Y., 11, Harcourt Road, Brockley, S.E.
ANTED, a MAN and his WIFE (no
children) — man to Work in Gardens, wife to take
charge and thoroushly understand the Rearing of Poultry fit
for table.— Apply, by letter only, to J. GUBBINS, The Gardens,
Oatlands Lodge, Weybridge,
ANTED, MAN and WIFE, without
family, to live in the lodge— man as Garden Labourer,
(not over 40 years of age), must understand Plain Gardening ;
wife must be well up to House Work, as she will be required to
take charge of the house during the absence of the family. —
GARDENER. Tankerton, Whitstable.
ANTED, an experienced BOOK-KEEP-
ING CLERK, and to Assist in the ordinary duties o
a Seed Shop (not Counter-work). Age about 20 to 25. not more.
State experience and salary required. Must have excellent and
reliable references. Englishman pi eferred.— CARTER, PAGE
AND CO., Seedsmen and Nurser^'men, 53. London Wall, E.C.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
710'W be 7nade payable at
DRURY LANE.
To NoWemeu and Gentlemen requiring Land Agent3,
STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.
JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holbom, W.C.
I C H AR D SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
T^ G. HENDERSON and SON
■^■^ • have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and good character waiting re-engagements
as HEAD GARDENERS, GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requu-ement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring such. — Fine-
apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W.
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, Garston, wish to
inform any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in want of a
first-rate man as GARDENER, or GARDENER and
BAILIFF, that they are at present in a position to recommend
an exceptionally good man.
ARDENER (He.id). — Can be highly
recommended as a well qualified and trustworthy man. —
ALPHA, 23, Cambridge Road, King Street, Hammersmith, W.
ARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly practi-
cal. Highly recommended.— J. E,, Hanwortb Park,
Hounslow, W.
ARDENER (Head). — Age 40, married,
no family ; over twenty-five years' practical experience
in Gardening. First-class relerences from past employers —
E. J,, 8, Northolt Road, Roxeth, Harrow.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 35 j thoroughly
practical in all branches. Near London preferred. Long
excellent character and first-class references, — G. W., 102
Mayall Road, Heme Hill, London, S.E. '
ARDENER (Head), where one or more
are kept. — Age 25. single ; experienced in all branches.
Good character from present employer.— H. TUTTE, Burnham
Grove, Burnham. Bucks.
ARDENER (Head).— T. Cuckney, late
Gardener, Duncombe Park, will be p!e3sed to treat with
any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a good
Practical Gardener. Good references. — Helmsley. York.
To Nurserymen and Gardeners.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, no
family. £,\o Bonus will be paid by Advertiser, with
first-class references, to one through whose agency a suitable
situation is procured.— C. J.. 22, Myddleton Road, Hornsey, N.
GARDENER (Head). — Scotch, married"!
steady, energetic, and trustworthy. Thiriy years' prac-
tical experience in all branches of Gardening. "Twenty years'
excellent reference.— A. B C, R, Baxendine, Nurseryman and
Florist, High Street, Guddford. Surrey.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 28 ; thoroughly
experienced. "Two years and six months in last place.
Every inquiry answered by last employer as to character and
ability ; also reference.— GARDENER, 23, Rugby Road,
Leamington.
ARDENER (Head).— Wm. Alexander,
for nearly five years Gardener to Sir Hugh Dalrymple,
Bart., Luchie, leaves in October, and is desirous of securing
another situation in the above capacity.— WM. ALEXANDER,
Luchie Gardens, North Berwick, East Lothian.
ARDENER (Head), where three or four
are kept. — Age 32, married ; twenty years' practical
experience in good establishments. Seven years' excellent cha-
racter as Head. Leaving through death. Wife would undertake
Dairy, or cooking a good dinner.— A. B., 16, Elgin Terrace,
Maida Vale, W.
August i8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
223
GARDENER (Head) ; age 32, married-
Mrs. Mark Wood, of Bishop's Hall, is anxious to
recommeud her Gardener, K. Perkins, who is leaving through
breaking up the establishment. Sixteen years' practical ex-
perience in some of the l.irgest esiablishmenls. — Colonel
LOCKWOOD, Bishop's Hall. Romford. Essex.
GARDENER (Head).— S. H. Mainwarinc,
Esq.. Oteley, Shrewsbury, can recommend G. Latuiier,
who has lived with him as Head Gardener for three years and five
months as a thoroughly good and practical Gardener in all
branches. He has left entirely at his own request.— G.
LATIMER, 44, Faulkner Street. Bishopsfield. Chester.
GARDENER (Head), where several men
are kepi) ; middle-aged, married, with only one child (:i
daughter, lo years old) —GEOiiue H. Riciiari s, laic tle.id
Gatdener, Chetwynd Park, is at liberty to engage wiih any
Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical gar-
dener. Has had extensive practice in Forcing all kinds of
Fruits, Flowers (Orchids included), and Vcget.ibles. Is very
efficient as Flower and Kitchen Gardener, and understands
Land and Stock. Testimonials of the highest order.— Addrei,s to
the care ot James Dickson & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester.
GARDENER (He.ad Working, or good
Single-handed)-— Age 14, mairied ; thoroughly compe-
tent in all branches of the profession. Good lecominendations.
Abstainer.- GARDENER. 62, Bexley Road, Belvedere, Kent.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30,
single. ^5 Bonus to any person who m.iy secure Adver-
tiser a suitable situation. Thoroughly practical. Well recom-
mended.—HORTUS, Railway Station, Chislehurst.
GARDENER (HEAD Working), where one
or two are kept.— Age 28 ; understands the Management
of Vines, Plants, Flowers, and Fruit ; also Kitchen^ Garden
Four years' good character from last place — G. NICHOLLS,
Lower Giove Cottage. Roehampton Lane, Putney, S.W.
GARDENER (Head Working), where more
are kept. — Middle-aged, mairied, one son (age 12);
twenty-five years' practical experience. No objection to the
Management of Cows and Meadow Land. Twelve years' good
character.— C. T.. Mr, Surtnan, Witney, Oxon.
GARDENER (Head, WoRKiNG).--Age y]^
married, no family ; thoroughly understands his duties.
Can be highly recommended. Five years* good character. Cause
of leaving breaking up of establishment.— A. C, Chitly, News
Agent, Marsh Street, Walthamstow.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38,
married (two children); understands Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers, Stove and Greenliouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen
Gardening Good character. — E. C, 2, Flexton Terrace, Rye
Common, Herts.
ARDENER (Head Working, where
help is given, or good Single-handed). — Age 38,
married ; thorough knowledge of Greenhouses, Cucumbers,
Melons, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Two years' good
character. — R. O,, 5, Prospect Place, Gravesend.
GARDENER (Head Working), to any
Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man.
— One child (four years) ; well up in Early and, Late Forcing.
Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Wife no ohjaction to any class of
woik, if required. Excellent character. — Z ,T. Grove, Stationer,
Esher, Surrey.
GARDENER (Head Working, or Single-
handed), and LAUNDRESS.— Nearly twenty years'
experience in Vines, Greenhouse Plants, &c. Good references.
—Care of W. S. CROSBY, s. Eeilin Street, Upper Brook
Street, Manchester.
rZJ-ARDENER (Head, or good Single-
VJ h\nded). — Age 38. married, no encumbrance; under-
stands Forcing, Vines, Flowers, &c., Stove and Kitchen
Gardening, Long experience. — G., 2, Paragon Mews,
Blackbeath, Kent.
Gardener (head), or orchid
GROWER — Age 30, single; has had thirteen years'
practical experience in some of the largest Collections of Orchids
in England. — W. MAV, 22, Great Quebec Street, Montagu
Square, W.
GARDENER. — Age 40, single ; twenty-five
years' practical experience in good places. Good refer-
ence for ability, sobriety, &c.— J. B , 2, Blrkbeck Place, Lower
Norwood, S.E.
Gardener.— Advertiser win be pleased to
treat with any Lady or Gentlenian requiring the services
of a thoroughly practical and highly respectable man. — G.
BOLTON, Nurseries, Wyddial, Buntingford, Herts.
To Gentlemen.
Gardener. — Age 30 ; well versed in
Grapes, Peache*;. Cucumbers, Tomatos, Plants, and
Choice Flowers, &c. Market surplus to pay wo. king expense-,
— G. HOLLIS, East Gate. Peterborough.
GARDENER, where three or more are kept.
— Age 26. married, cne child ; understands Grapes,
Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, and Flower and Kitchen Garden.
Six and a half years' good character fnim present situation. —
"THOS. KEMP, Springfield Gardens, Knowle, Birmingham.
GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED).— Age 27^
married, no family; ten years' experience. Willing to
be useful. Near London preferred.— T. STANNARD, The
Lodge, Cowley Mill House, near West Drayton.
GARDENER (Single-handed, or other-
wise). — Age 27 : fourteen years' experience in all
branches of Gardening. Seven years' good character. — A. P.,
32. Garvan Road, Greyhound Road, Fulham New Town. W,
ARDENER (Single-h.\nded).— Age 28,
married ; good experience and characttr. Would not
object to the charge of a Cow. — Address, stating wages, &c., to
H.. 8, Rutland Road. Catford, Kent.
C ^ARDENER (good Single-handed, or
■^ where help is given). — Age 27, married, one child. First-
class reference.— GARDENER, Broadwater Hall, Worthing,
Sussex.
GARDENER (good Second, or small
Sin(jle-|[.\nded).— Age 35, tingle; well up in Indoor
and Outside Wurk. Good references.— W. bMIi'H, 3a, Tern-
perley Road, Baltiam, Surrey.
GARDENER (Second), where three or
more are kept. — Ten years' experience. (Jood references.
— W. -M., 6a, Queen's Crescent, Haverstotk Hill, London, N.W.
GARDENER (SECOND), to take charge of
the Houses in good private establishment.— Age 24 ;
willmg to assist out-of doors if required.— R. W., Veiandiih
Cottage, Mrflvern, Wells.
GARDENER (Second). ■— Age 23; eight
years' experience, both indoors and out ; excellt:nt cha-
racter from last situation. Bothy not objected to. -A. H,
Mrs. Peacock, NVest End, Esher, Surrey.
GARDENER (SECOND), in a good estab-
lishment, inside and out.— Leaving for improvmeut.
Four years' excellent character from present situation. — A.
GORRINGE, Bennet's Farm, Great Boykham, Leaiherhead,
Surrey.
GARDENER (Under). —Age 22; seven
years in present situation.— G. HOWES, Hornchurch,
near Romford.
:1.ARDENER (Under). —Age 20; eight
^ years' good character.— G. iiREWjiK, Bradley Woods,
Newton Abbot.
a
GARDENER (Under).— Age 17 ; over two
yejrs' experience. — Good reference.- K. D. SMITH,
The Nurseries, Euibage.
GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's
place. — Age 21 ; nearly two yeais' good character from
last place.— J. W., Mrs. Ellis, Hayes, Beckenham, Kent.
FOREMAN, in the Houses.— W. Stephens,
for nearly three years Foieman at Basing Park Gardens,
seeks le-engagement as above ; ten years' practical experience
in all departments. First-class refeicuces.— Ham Manor Gar-
dens, near Worthing, Sussex.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age
25 ; eight years' experience in Plant and Fruit Growing
and Table Decoration ; two years as Foreman in last situation.
Can be well recommended. Total abstainer.— G. K., 44, Ifield
Koad, West Bronipton. S.W.
FOREMAN ; age 26.— J. Ollerhead, The
Gardens. Wimbleoon House, S.W., will be pleased to
recommend C. Grantham to any Gardener requiring an unusually
steady man with a good knowledge ol his work, and a thorough
good workman. Three and a half years in present situation ;
has also servtd in the gardens ol Patshull, Leighton Hall, and
other good places.
F^ OREMAN (Working), Outdoor.— Well up
in Jobbing and Landscape Work. Good Draughtsman.
Could prepare Designs, Estimates, &c. Would travel if required.
Good connection. — F. S., James' Library, Tottenham, London.
OREMAN (General), or GROWER.—
Age 34 ; well up in all branches, Inside and Out ;
Wreaths. Bouquets, Seeds, Decorating, &c. Good reference. —
J. S., 3, Strathcrn Villas, Warwick Road, Sutton, Surrey.
To Nurserymen.
FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR,
or GROWER of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants. — Middle-
aged ; thoroughly acquainted with Market Work in general,
and a successful Grower oi Mignonette. Total abstainer. —
W. T., 4, Edith Villas, Haynham Road, Edmonton.
OREMAN PROPAGATOR and
GROWER of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Roses, &c.,
and Choice Cut Flowers, to supply a first-class trade ; Bouquets,
Wreaths. &c ^G. H., Easl^ate Nurseries, Peterborough.
OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.—
Age 23 ; nine years' experience in Early and Late Forc-
ing. Highly recommended. Three and a halt years in last
place. — K. F., Dickson & Robinson, 12, Old Millgate, Man-
chester.
FOREMAN, or SECOND, in a good estab-
lishmerit. — Agri 22 ; five years' experience. Good refer-
ences.—A. KNIGHT, The Gardens, Cjnyngham Hall, Knaies-
borough, Yorkshire.
To Nurserymen.
NURSERY FOREMAN or MANAGER.—
For seven years with the Lawson Company, Edinburgh, in
charge of Glass and Herbaceous Departments. Good at
Bouquets, Wreaths, &c. Highest references. —K. B.WRIGHT,
16, Market Place. Kendal.
NURSERY FOREMAN.— Age 30; sixteen
years' practical experience in all branches, both Indcor
and Out, in leading London and Provincial Nurseries. First-
class testimonials.— FOREMAN, a. Thatched Cottage, Eaton
Park, Norv'ich.
N^ U RS E RY^OREMAN. — SpeciaTknow-
ledge of Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, Consicerable
experience in some of the best English firms. No objection to
travel if required. — ALPHA, Mr. Chas, Carr, Old Highway,
Rye Paik, Hoddesdon, HertF.
N""" U R S eTr y"~F of. E rTa N. — Age 30 ;
thoroughly experienced in Roses, Fruit Trees, Conileix,
Shrubs, &c.. Stove, Greenhouse, and Bedding Plants. First-
class testimonials ; four years in last situation. — NURSERY-
MAN, Mr. E. Smith, 213, Rotherhiihe Street, Rotherhithe,
London, S.E.
To Nurserymen.
PROPAGATOR, or FOREMAN and PRO-
PAGATOR of Fruits, Roses. Conifers, Shrubs ; great
success in the Propagation and Growing of above. Long expe-
rience : first-class reference. — T. GOUGH, Bozward Street,
St. John's, Worcester.
ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24,
single ; ten years' experience in all kinds of Stove and
Greenhouse Bedding Plants, &c. Good character. — F.
CHAPPELL, Scotland Green, Ponder's End, Middlesex.
''rO NURSERYMEN and LANDSCAPE
-L GARDENERS.— To l^uperintend the Laying-out of
Public Park or Private Garden. First-class abilities and
references.— T. B., 12, York Rise, N.W.
rpo GENTLEMEN and GROWERS for
-L MAlv KliT. — Mr. W. Cai-tl can recommend a thoroughly
competent man of many years' experience to Manage a Lart;e
Place, aid Grow for Market, Fruit, Tomatos, Cucumbers,
Orchids, and Plants for Cut Flowers, &c.— 4, Tavistock Row,
Covent Garden, W.C.
JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good estab-
tr lishment. — A^e 23 ; good references from past and present
place. Total abstainer. Bothy pieferred. — G. H., High Leigh
Gardens, Hoddesdon, Herts.
JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—
^ Age 22 ; ei^ht years' experience. Two years' good cha-
r.icter from last situation.— CHAS. SURMAN, Hight Street,
Wiiney, Oxon.
TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24 ;
^ seven years' experience. Two years' good character,—
J. R., 3, Clementhorpe, York,
TOURNEYMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gen-
tJ tUman's Garden. — Age 26; two years' good character from
last situation. ~G., 3, Victoria Cottages, Yiewsley, near Ux-
bridge, Middlesex.
JOURNEYMAN.— A lad of i6 ; has had
t-' two yeirs' experience in good gardens. Accustomed
to houses. Good character.— E. H., 14, Elgin Terrace, Maida
Vale, Kilburn, N.W.
TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ;
^f eight years' experience ; neatly two years* good character —
three years previous from a Nobleman. Total abstainer. — E, Y. ,
Prospect Place, Wfst Drayton, Middlesex.
JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment ;
aee 24. — Mr. J. Ho9c^, Gardener to H. B. Samuelson,
Esq., MP., Chelsioii Cross, Torquay, will be pleased tu recom-
mend a strong young man as above. Bothy preferred.
IMPROVER, in a good establishment.— Age
18; six years' good character.— S. F., Child's Hill Farm,
Child's Hill, N.W.
TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's establish-
-»- ment, where he can learn the general routine of Gardening,
both Inside and Out. — Age 17 ; boihy preferred. Sixteen
months at present place. A small Premium will be paid. —
C. BEST, Clewer Green, Windsor, Berks.
IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.—
Age 20 : four years' practical experience both In and Out-
of-doors. Understands Fires; wilting to make himself useful.
Good character; first-rate references. — GEORGE HUNT,
Severn Stoke, Worcester.
SHOPMAN, in the Retail Seed Trade.— Age
22 : six years' experience. Highest references can be
given.— X. Y. Z., 17, Seymour Street, St. John's, New Cross,
London, S.E,
SHOPMAN, &c.— Age 24; several years'
experience in various branches of the Seed Trade ; also
Bouquets, Wreaths. &c., and Fruits. Good references, and
satislactory reasons for leaving present situation. — C. S. W.,
158, Slricklandgate, Kendal.
SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Thoroughly
steady, trustworthy, and obliging. A good General
Knowledge of Seeds, Plants, and Cut Flowers, &c. Highly
recommended.— W. SELLENS, Matsfield, Brenchley, Staple-
hurst, Kent.
SHOPMAN (Junior).— A young man desires
a situation in a good Seed Establishment. Three years'
experience, with a good knowledge of plants. Good references,
— E. M., Mr. R. Cooper, 90, Southwark Street, London, S.E.
0 NURSERYMEN and SEEDSMEN.—
A young man (22) is open for engagement. Seven years'
experience in leading Seed and Nursery Establishments.
Exceptional references. — ALPHA, John GibLs, 42, Ingtetield
Street, Glasgow.
'"PO SEEDSMEN.— A young man desires a
J- situation in the Seed business; four year^' experience;
good references — A. MALVERN, Mr. Clare, Cotswold Seed
Warehouse, Cheltenham
O NURSERYMEN and OTHERS. —
Handy-man to Nurserymen or for a Gentleman's Estate ;
Painter, Glazier, Carpenter, &c. Ten years' experience. With
references. — X. Y. Z., 19, Conduit Street, Northwold Road,
Upper Clapton, London, E.
cTnURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted, in
a Nursery, by a thorough practical man, in Greenhouse
Building and Hot-water Apparatus. &c. Five years' good
character from last employer. — J. F., The Nursery, Strood,
Kent.
JOINER and PAINTER and GLAZIER,
ty in
Elsham G:irclcns, Brigg.
To Nurserymen.
PACKER. — Twelve years' experience in two
ot the leading Nurseries in England. — C. G, T., i07,
Brighton Road, Upper Clapton, E.
HOLLOWAY'S pills. — Wrongs made
Right. — Every day that any bodily suffering 15 permitted
to continue renders it more certain to become chronic or
dangerous. Hollnway's Purifying, Cooling, and Strengthening
Pills are well adapted for any irregularity of the human body,
and should be taken when the stomach is disordered, the Hver
deranged, the kidneys inactive, the bowels torpid, or the brain
muddled. With this medicine every indivfduai can cure him-
self, and those who are weak and infirm, through imperfect
digestion, may make themselves strong and stout by Holloway's
excellent Pilb". A few doses of them usually mitigate the most
painful symptoms caused by undigested food, from which they
thoroughly free the alimentary canal, and completely restore its
natural power and action.
224
THE, GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
fAuGUST i8, 1883.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, \\th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Patent Reliance Eotary Valves.
PAXTON'S CALENDAR.
NOW READY, A REVISED EDITION OF
The COTTAGER'S Calendar
GARDEN
OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.R
Price 3d. ; post-free, Sid. ; 20s. per 100.
If ordered in quantities of not less than. 200, Carriage will be paid to any part of the United Kingdom.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O.
No. 18.-Gold Medal BoUer.
No. 43.- Dome-Top BoUer.
STEVEN BROS. & CO.,
IRONFOUNDERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF HOT-WATER APPARATUS,
35 and 36, UPPER THAMES ST., LONDON, E.G.
No. 28.— Terminal End
Boiler.
VENT1LA1INC CSSEN HOUSE CEABINO
lUustraUd Price Li^t on
application. Special Prices
quoted for quanti ies.
Gardsn Rollers.
The Largest anii Best Stock of Hot-water
Boilers, Pipes, Conneclions, Coil Boxes, Coil
Cases, Furnace Fillings, S^c, in London.
Single and Double Cylinder Garden
Rollers wilh wooden handles. Prices on
application.
A very economical boiler.
GOTERNMENT CJNTiiACTORS BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
3 ERECTED and HEATED.
MESSENGER & CO.S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to ottain, witli the least obBtruction to Ught and sun, the greatest Strength and Rigidity.
The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.
Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Boyal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.
Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,
Forcing Houses, fir^r., recently erected by M. St' Co., for 24 stamps.
MESSENH-ER & COMPANY, LOUG-HBOROUG-H.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The PuHkher " at the Office, 4r. Wellinpon Street. Covent Garden, London W.C.
Printed by Wii liam Rich*kds, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said Comity.-SATURDAV. AuEUSt -S. >883- „. „„„
Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
K^^
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
estalJlisjjeli i84i.
'>.
v>
No. 504.— Vol. XX. {series.} SATURDAY, AUGUST 25, 1883.
f Registered at the General } Price 5d.
I Post-office as a Newspaper. JposT-FREE, sjrf.
CONTENTS.
Apple Frogmore Prolific.
243
New Zealand , the Alps of
21s
Aquatic plants of Switzer-
Obituary . .
249
land
ait
Onridium candidum
2^1
Botanic Gardens..
240
Orchid notes
237
Carnations and Picotees .
246
Orchids, list of ..
244
Diotis candidissima
232
Opuiitia tunicata. .
24b
DoronicLim plantagineum
Ornithogaluni arabicum .
236
var. excel.^um . .
2^1
Papaver umbrosum, flore-
Duvalia an^ustiloba
2^0
pleno
235
Equisetuin, gigantic
3.17
Pea. a new
241
Florists' fljwers . .
24^
Plants, new garden
2^0
Flower garden, the
339
Potatos, big
24';
., showi, successful . .
944
Kose pudding
243
Foieign correspondence .
237
Rosery. ihe
216
,, seed crops ..
242
Royal Botanic Society ..
242
Fruit notes
243
Seed trade, amenities of
Fuchsias, Mr. Lye's
=43
the
241
Galtonia candicans
Societies-
Gardeners' Royal Bene-
Reading Horticultural
24B
volent Instiiuiion
240
Shropshire Horticul-
Gloxinias ..
242
tural
247
Grapes and vineries
239
Taunton Deane Horti-
Hardy fnut garden
239
cultural
247
Hedges
232
Weston • super - Mare
Herbaceous border
HorticuUnral
246
Hyacinth disease
23s
Thunia pulchra ..
237
Irises, notes on . .
231
Trrpaiolum polyphyllum .
240
Kueichow and YUnnan..
2J4
Tulips, the species of ..
233
Lapageria rosea . .
245
Vanilla Pfaviana..
2-,0
Masdevallta calura
Z^J
Venetian furniture
2t3
Melons
Volcano of Corazon
Milton's house at Hor-
Weather, the
24 a
lon
229
Zermatt
237
ILLUSTR
ATIONS.
237
233
241
Tropaeolum polyphyllum
Postal Orders.
To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others,
// ts Ti'ry important in Remitting by Postal
Order that it should be filled in payable at
DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS,
(j.f, iinh'ss th ' Nuiiibir of a Postal Order is
known, and it has been made payable at a par-
ticular offii c, and to a particular person, it is
impossible to prevent any person into whose
hands it may fall from negotiating it.
N.B — The best and safest means of remitting
is by POST-OFFICE ORDER.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Soulh Kensington, S.W.
NOTICE I — COM MIlTEEa' MEETINGS, Fruit and
Fl.ral, at 1 1 A M., on TUESDAY NEXT, August jS.
rtdmission ii., which includes entrance to the Great Inter-
national Fisheries Exhibition.
pRYSTAL PALACE.
V^ GREAT ANNUAL FRUIT and DAHLIA SHOW,
FRIDAY and SATURDAY, August 31 and September i.
Schedules on application to
W. G, HEAD, Garden Superintendent.
HE INTERNATIONAL POTATO
EXHIBITION will be held at the CRYSTAL PALACE,
Sjdenham, S.E . on SEPTEMBER n and n, when PRIZES
amounting to ONE HUNDRED and FORTY POUNDS will
be offered. For Schedules apply to
P. J. McKINLAY. Headley Lodge. Penge, S.E.
PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SEEDS.
PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SEEDS,
Carriage free.
P^^RCELS POST.— CARTERS' SPECIAL
ORDER ROOMS and Parcels Post-office now open.
PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SPECIAL
VANS and TRUCKS will deliver parcels hourly during
the day to the Post-office.
J^ARLY FORCING BULBS.
TAMES CARTER and CO. have RE-
»' CEIVED THEIR FIRST CONSIGNMENTS of the
ibove ui splendid condition. Sec Advertisement on page 197.
ARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by
Royal Command to H.R-H. the Prince of Wales,
337 and 238, High Holboro, London, W.C.
)ARCELS POST.
w
EBBS' GARDEN SEEDS and
t^t'ebbs' bulbs
tSelivered free to every'
TOWN and VILLAGE in the
K
INGDOM.
w
EBBS' GARDEN SEEDS and
w
EBBS' BULBS
"TJIRECT FROM THE GROWERS,
B
Y PARCELS POST.
s
Vy EBB AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen,
Y^ORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.
East LotUan Intermediate Stocks.
THOi>IAS METHVEN AND SONS
beg to offer their choice strain of the above, in four colours,
viz.. Scarlet, Purple, White, and Crimson, at \s , 2S. 6d , and 51.
each colour. Piice to the Trade on application.
15, Princes Street, Edinburgh,
FECIAL INVITATION.— Our Nurseries
being now at their best, are open to all who may be
interested in the cultivation of Fruit Trees and Roses.
The journey from London is an easy one, by the Great
Eastern Railway to the Harlow or Sawbridgeworth Station.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON. Sawbridgeworth, Herts.
Roses on Own Roots.
REINE MARIE HENRIETTE,
NIPHETOS, ISABELLA SPRUNT, RfiVE DOR, &c.
Strong plants, 12 to 15 inches high, ys. per dozen, or 4 for ss. 6d.,
carriage paid.
MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
EIGHTY TlioUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from 12J. to 24J. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
N
Double White Sweet Scenteil
ARCISSUS BULBS for SALE, £i per
IC03. Apply to
^ T. MILLS, Market Gardener, Chiswick, Middlesex.
pnOICE FLOWERS^or WINTER.—
\J TREE CARNATIONS. Gloire de Nancy, La P.elle,
and other fine kinds, strong plants, 40s. per 100. EOUVAR-
DIAS, fine plants, with 15 to 30 shoots, best market scrls, in-
cluding AlTred Neuner, 40J'. per 100.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.
T^^OR SALE. Two Specimen CROTONS,
J- undulatus and variegatus. Too large for house grown
in. J. BECK, Old Road, Lee
NEW TRADE LIST Free"on application.—
2o,cco Maidenhair and other useful FERNS; 15,103
PALMS in great variety. Terms cash wiih oider.
E. DKNSON AND CO.. Florists, &c., 18, 19, and 20. Fo.\-
berry Road. Brockley, S.E.
TRAWBERRIES.— We are now prepared
lo supply strong healthy Plants, from ground and in
pots, of all the most approved kinds, A select descriptive
LIST post-free on application,
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth, Herts.
UsITrOOM" SPAWN for SALE,
4J.pef bushel, delivered free lo miles. The trade supplied.
G. MITCHINSON, Burroughs, Hendon.
ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
ANTED, CUTTINGS ofVesuvius,Silver-
leaved. Pink, White, Tricolor, and Bronze GERANI-
NIUMS. State lowest price per too to
Ihe MANAGER, The Nurseries, New Beckenham, Kent
W 'anted, PINES, PEACHES, NEC-
TARINES, MELONS, TOMATOS, &c. Also
choice CUT FLOWERS.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden
M
"NLAND PARCELS POST.
s
UTTONS' SEEDS BY
)ARCELS POST.
EED ORDERS EXECUTED
s
OAME DAY as received by
QUTTON AND SON.S, READING.
EAUTIFUL NEW EUCHARIS.
EUCHAR13 SANDERI.
Invaluable for Cut Flowers and General Decoration.
SS. each ; taken by the doren. 3^. 6f('. each ;
by the too, as. 61/. each.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL, Kstabhshraent for New and Rare
Plants, 536. King's Road, CheKea, London, S.W.
Herbaceous and Alpine Plants.
PAUL AND SUN, The "Old" Nurseries,
Cheshunt.
Priced Descriptive LIST on application.
EEDLING FOREST TREES, &c.—
Nurserymen visiting the North are respectfully invited
to call and inspect stock of above at the Monitieth Nurseries,
near Dundee. W. P. LAIRD and SINCLAIR.
H. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy PerenniaU.
Post-free on application.
Chad Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston, Birmingham.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., BULB
Gkowers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post -
free on application.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer GLADIOLI SPIKES, DAHLIAS, single and
double; PVRETHRUMS, single and double ; PHLOXKSand
TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
Tea Roses— Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses m pots. Prices and full
particulais on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
ORCHIDS. — We invite intending Purchasers
to pay us a visit and inspect our Houses.
The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63.
CREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
HITE CLOVES for FORCING.— 10,000
of the Hybrid White Clove (Mrs. Sinkins), large, bushy
stuflF, i-yr. old, transplanted, 6s., gj., and 12s. per dozen. The
Trade supplied. Cash rr suitable tx'change.
W, WEALE, Taplow. Bucks.
To the Trade.
FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS. — Native
i-yr. Larch and Scotch Seedlings and extra fine i-yr
THORN QUKK Samples and price on application to
PETER BLAK-E, Nurseryman, Summerhill, Co. Meath
Ireland.
LUy of the VaUey.
Ij^LSTER AND KOLLMANN, Liibeck, near
-^ Hamburg, offer the above, 3-yr. old, extra strong
Crowns, at 34s. per icoo. Three mouths terms, or terms fcr
cash price, on application.
To Florists and Others.
JN. BRADLEY, Sunnyside Nurseries,
• Chingford, has for disposal a quantity of well-grown
and hardened FRONDS of MAIDENHAIR FERNS.
Inspection invited.
PIRyEA PALMATA, for Forcing.— The
finest crowns grown are offered to the Trade at tos., 15-.,
20s., and 25J. per ico.
CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.
RIMULAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEO-
LARIAS. — Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans-
planted Seedlings, at 8j. per 100. 70s. per 1000. package and
carriage free for cash with orders. Good strong Mar^chal Niel
and other Tea ROSES, in 48-pots, at 60s. per 100.
T. FLETCHER and SON, Florists, &c,, Chesterfield.
TEA ROSES IN POTS.— Several thousands
to oflfer, clean, healthy, and full of buds, including a fioe
lot of Maii^chal Niel and Niphetos — the latter in several sizes.
Prices on apitlication.
F. STREET, Hea.herside Nurserie;, Goldi.n Farmer, Farn-
borough Station.
226
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, JSS3.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Dutoli Flower Roota, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, Kinf; Street. Covent
Garden, W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, large consign-
ments of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms m
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tlivirsday Nest.
CATTLEYA IMPERIALIS. Roezl.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAV NEXT, August 30, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, an extra
grand importation of this really superb form of GIGAS,
together with other valuable importations ; also a quantity of
ORCHIDS in flower.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Monday, TliurBday, and Saturday Next.
DUTCH BULBS.— SPECIAL TRADE SALES.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE .\ND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C., on MONDAY, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY NEXT, at half-past ti o'clock precisely each
day, extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUS, NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS
from Holland, of the best quality, and lotted specially to suit
the Trade and other large buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Southgate, N.— By Order of the Trustees.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The
Nursery, Chase Side Cottage, opposite the " Crown Inn,"
Old Southgate, N., about twenty minutes' walk from Palmer's
Green Station, on WEDNESDAY, August 29, at i o'clock,
without reserve, the erections of 11 GREENHOUSES, con-
taining about 10 000 feet of Glass and Woodwork, 2SC0 feet of
4.inch Hot-water Piping, 3 BOILERS, BRICKWORK, and
effects.
May be viewed the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues had at
the " Crown Inn," and of the Anctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.G., and 8, New Bioad Street, E.C.
Friday Next.
CATTLE.YA A UREA.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely,
a very grand importation of CATTLEYA AUREA, just come
home with Collector, in superb order. The plants have sound
dormant eyes. At the same time will be sold several other
Importations of value.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.C.
Upper Holloway,N.— Clearance SaJe.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. C. Boff (who is disposing
of his ground for building purposes) to SELL by AUCTION,
onjlhe Premises, The Nursery, Magdala Road, S.alisbuty Road,
Upper Holloway, N., close to the "Archway Tavern," on
WEDNESDAY, September 5, at 1 2 o'Clock punctually, without
reserve, the whole of the GRtENHOUSE PLANTS, including
about 10 000 Geraniums, rooo Maidenhair .Ferns, and large
quantities of Decorative and. Foliage Plants ; is newly erected
GREENHOUSES, containing about 15,000 superficial feet,
about 3000 feet of nearly new 3 and 4-inch Hot-water PIPING,
BOILERS, and BRICKWOKK ; three 13-light PITS, several
other PITS, UTENSITS in trade, including 2 tons of SILVER
SAND ; also HORSE, MARKET VAN, two-horse VAN,
CARTS, and numerous other items.
May be viewed the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues had on
the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valui:rs,^ 67 and
68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street. London, E.C.
N.B.-^The valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE, now ripe fcr
Building purposes, will shortly be offered at the Mart, London,
due notice of which will be given.
Lee, S.E.— Great Annual Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. B. Mailer, to SELL by AUC-
TION, on the Premises, the Burnt Ash Nursery, Lee, S. E., on
TUESDAY, September i3, .an unusually fine lot of WINTER
BLOOMING HEATHS, and other stock, as in previous
years. ... ,
Further particulars will appear next week.
Tottenham.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE ; to commence punctually
at II o'clock, there being upwards of iioD lots.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Bruns-
wick Nursery. Tottenham (close to White Hart Lane Station),
on THURSDAY, September 20, at 11 o'Clock precisely, by
order of Mr. John Mailer, without reserve, 20,000 winter bloom-
ing HE.ATHS, beautifully grown, and abundantly set with
flower-buds, including Erica, hyemalis, gracilis, caffra,
Wilmorea and other best kinds ; 5000 remarkably well berried
SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM, unsurpassed in the Trade :
looo ACACIAS. 1000 handsome PALMS, 1000 well furnished
ADIANTUMS, 500 FICUS ELASTICA. 3000 TREE CAR-
NATIONS, best varieties; 5000 BOUVARDIAS, icoo
CYCLAMEN, 1000 EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA, 1000
AZALEAS, large plants of AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS, for
cutting from, 4000 GENISTAS, 500 MYRTLES, 200 EPI-
PHYLLUMS, 500 GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, loco Double
White PRIMULAS, including Gilbert's splendid new varieties;
several thousands of small ERICAS, GENISTAS, &c, for
rtowine on and large quantities of DRAC/ENAS, CROTONS,
ferns; BEGONIAS. GARDENIAS, AMPELOPSIS
VEITCHII, CLEMATIS, &c., suitable for the Trade, and
other extensive buyers.
May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad
Street, E.C. . . . _ .
N.B. The whole stock is in first-rate condition, the Ericas
being especially well set for flowers.
Lselia elegans— Preliminary Notice.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68,
Cheanside, E.C, on FRIDAY, September 21, a wonderful lot
of L.^XIA ELEGANS, in masses of unprecedented size and
condition.
Further particulirs will duly appear.
Eaton Nurseries, near Norwich.— Preliminary Notice.
UNRESERVED SALE.
By order of Messrs. Ewing & Co., who are giving up their
Nurseries.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above.
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, September 26 and 27,
about 10.000 ROSES in pots.lconsistins principally of the choicest
Teas and Noisettes ; 5C00 Variegated and Gieen-Leaved
IVIES, embracing nil the beit vaiieties ; 5000 very fine CLE-
MATIS ; 6000 choice young EVERGREENS and FLOWER-
ING SHRUBS, in pots ; and other Stock.
The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues had on the
Premises and of the Auctioneers, t-j and 63, Cheapside, and 8,
New Broad Street, London, E.C.
Lea Bridge Nurseries. Leyton.-Great Annual Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION/as above, ia SEPTEMBER,
by order of Mr. John Eraser, several thousands of ERICAS,
and other WINTER BLOOMING PLANTS, as in former
years.
Further particulars will appear next week.
Ealing, W.— Preliminary Notice.
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE.
Important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and Oihers
largely engaged in PUnting.
'ESSRS PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instructions from Messrs. Chas. Lee &
Eon, to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Ealing
Nursery, Ealing, W., on TUESDAY, October r6, and fcllowing
days, 12 Acres of beautifully-grown NURSERY STOCK,
in young and thriving condition, thousands of FRUIT
TREES, &c. ^ .
The Auctioneers beg to call attention to this highly im-
portant and unreserved Sale. Catal -gues^ will be published in
due course, and will be forwarded on application, u
Very valuable Freeliold Estate, called
" SUMMEKHOW,"
And extensive VINERIES, ROSE HOUSES, GARDENIA
and CAMELLIA HOUSES, GREEN STORE and
CUCUMBER HOUSES, near Kendal, for Sale.
TO BE SOLD BY AUCTION,
EY
Mr. F. J. THORNBER,
At the Commercial Hotel, in Kendal, en WEDNESDAY.
September 5, at 6 o'Clock m the evening,
THE VALUABLE FREEHOLD
RESIDENTIAL ESTATE called "SUiMMERHOW,"
consisting of a capital Dwelling-house, with Coach-house,
Stables, Harness-room, Cottages, extensive Vineries, Con-
servatories. Gardens. Orchard and Outbuildings, and of several
Closes of rich Arable, Meadow, Pasture, and Wood Land,
containing altogether 1sa.2r.24p., or thereabouts, situate on
the east side of the highway leading from Kendal _to Shap,
in the township of Skelsmergh, in the parish of Kendal, m
the county of Westmorland, and now in the occupation of
Charles Wilson, Esq., the owner thereof.
The Estate is delightfully situated, within i mile from KeDdal
Station, on the London and North- Western Railway, and abuts
on the river Mint, in which there is good tcout fishing. The
rivers Kent and Sprint are alfo within a very short distance.
The Residence is prettily placed on rising ground wuh a south
and west aspect and commands extensive views of the LaVe
Hills and the surrounding country. It is very substantially
built, and the rooms are aiiy and lofty. It is approached by a
winding carriage drive, from which beautiful views are obtained.
The Home contains vestibule, spacious entrance hall(heatedl ;
dining-room 19 feet 10 inches by 18 feet; drawing-rocm, 27 feet
by i3 feet; breakfast-room, kitchen, scul'ery. two laiders,
pantries, five Icdgmg-rooms, nursery, lavatory, bath-room,
washhouse, and all usual conveniences.
The Outbuildings comprise a three-stalled stable, harness-
room coach-house, bam, poultry-house, and piggeries. &c.
In a convenient position are TWO DWELLING HOUSES,
occupied by Coachman and Gardener,
The Drawing-room windows overlook tastefully laid out
flower beds and tennis lawn, and there is a well stocked
Orchard adjoining. , , , ^
The Glass-houses, which have been erected by the Owner, at
great expense, comprise three extensive Vineries, Rose Houses,
Gardenia and Camellia Houses, and Green Store and Cucumber
Houses. They cover an area of about 2470 superficial squnre
yards, are fitted up and heated in the most perfect style. The
Vineries are stocked with high-cla=s Vines, all in full fruitage.
The whole property is comprised within a ring fence, and is
in a very healthy locality. Lake Windermere is within a
distance of 8 miles. . , i- l •
Printed particulars, with plans, cards to view, and further in-
formation may be obtained from the Auctioneer, Kendal ; or at
the Offices of the undersigned,
ARNOLD AND GREENWOOD. Solicitors, Kendal.
Exchange Chambers, August 14, 1SS3.
To Nurserymen, Seeasmen, &c.
TO BE DISPOSED OF, with immediate
possession, an old-established and well stocked
NURSERY, situate in the West of England, doing a hicrative
Seed and Nursery Trade. About 10 acres in extent. Lar^e
and commodious Dwelling House, Stabling. Greenhouses, Pits,
&c. In occupation of proprietor, who is retiring from business.
Rent moderate. Lease granted. , ,- , t^
Apply to Messrs. HURST and SON, 152, Houndsditch, E.
Abergavenny, Mon.
TO be LET or SOLD, the Old-Estabhshed
SEED and NURSERY BUSINESS, well known as
"The Brecon Road Nursery." Excellent situation, and com-
manding good trade.
Full particulars of HENRY HAILSTONE, Abergavenny.
Lnnesdale, North Lancashire.
TO LET, Furnished, or Partially, a Complete,
Small, Old-fashioned HOMESTEAD, good Garden,
small Greenhouses— all in good condition. Near church, station,
post : good society, good fishing. Country beautiful. Address,
C. R., Melling, Camforth.
Broadwater, Sussex.
TO BE LET, on Lease, Valuable Premises,
comprising a number of GREENHOUSES, VINERIES,
Cool CONSERVATORIES, &c. : 4 acres of good GARDEN
GROUND, walled in, together with spacious DWELLING-
HOUSE. Laud in good c- Uivation and well cropped, houses
filled with a splendid stock of plants, and suitable for a Nursery
or country Gentleman.
Apply, H. NYE, 35, Duke Street, Brighton.
O BE L"ET\~a~sT-nall MARKET and
JOBBING NURSERY, about i acre. Three long Span
roof Hou:es. well heated, and about fifty Pit Lights— :<U we I
stocked. Can be taken at a valuation,
R. J. 53, Canning Road, Highbury Vale. London, N.
TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
LILIES OF THE VALLEY.
Direct from the Grower in Germany.
Particulars from Sole Agent,
CHARLES FROHLICH. 14, South Street, Finsbury. E.C.
ANE'S PRINCE ALBERT APPLE.—
Come and see this prince of Apples, now in full bearing
on large and small Trees, and numerous ether varieties.
H. LANE AND SON. Nurseries. Great Berkhamstead.
Wholesale Bulb Catalogue.
W ATKINS AND SIMPSON, Wholesale
ShiiLSMEN and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Sireet,
Strand, W.C. Their Wholesale BULB CATALOGUE is now
ready and rnay be had on application. Contains prices of Lily
of the Valley crowns or clumps, American and African Tube-
roses, Double and Single Snowdrops, Winter Aconites, SpUEa,
many sorts of Narciss, Tulips. Lilies, Gladioli, and all the
leading vaiieties of Dutch, English, Fiench and Japanese Bulbs.
Special quotations for large quantities.
Palms.
ARECA LUTESCENS.— This year's Seed'
lings, 20^. per ico.
CEROXYLON NIVEUAI.— 2-yr. strong plants, £,ia to ^tis
per TOO.
CATALOGUES ol PALMS on application.
SEEMANN AND GOEPEL, Wandsbek, Hamburgh, Germany.
Dutcli and Other Bulbs.
TORN DOWNIE
^ (late DcwNiE S: L.'VIRd),
144, PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH,
begs to inform his Friends that he has received his First Consign-
ment of Bulbs, which are in fine condition, and will be offered
at moderate prices. CATALOGUES forwaidcd on application.
pHADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEED.
Vw/' — This seed has been grown by careful selection for six-
teen yenrs, and planting the stems where the produce would
not be likely to be aft'ected by Bees. Ii is liked by the Evesham
gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, acd is
recommended to Farmers as a safe crop to plant— selling ihe
Cabb.Tges if they can grow thsm early enough and gcod enough
— feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price 7,1. per pound
in small quantities ; 55. 6if. per pound for 20 lb. and upwards
For Ca--h only. Apply to
Mr. RAN DELL. Chadbury, near Evesham.
D
UTCH BULBS.
D
IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, Nurserymen,
Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland.
Before ordering Dutch Bulbs, read Ant. Roozen & Son's
CATALOGUE for 1883, which their Agents, Mes-rs. MER-
TENS AND CO., 5, Bilhter Square, London, E,C., will forward
Post-free on application.
s
Roses.— Fruit Trees.— Fruit Tree Stocks.
FECIAL OFFER at REDUCED PRICES,
Delivered free to London.
30.000 ROSES, fine standards. No. i and No. 2, choice.
iS.QCo „ fine half-standards. No. i and No. 2, choice.
45,000 ,, fine low-budded on Manetti, No. i and No. z,
choice.
20,000 ,, fine low-budded on Brier roots, No. i and No. 2,
50,000 ,, fine, own roots, well assorted. choice,
lo.oco ,, fine, own roots, Souvenir de Malmaison.
3o3,oco ,, Brier seedling stocks.
100,000 STOCKS. Manetti, No. i and No. 2.
25 oco „ La Grifi'eraye, No, i and No, 2.
100 000 PEARS. PEACHES. PLUMS, APRICOTS,
APPLES, and CHERRIES, fine i-yr. budded,
•ao 000 PEARS and APPLES, pvramid, fine 2-yr budded.
15 000 PEARS. APPLES. PEACHES, APRICOTS,
PLUMSand CHERRIES, farmed in pyramids and
pa'mette. fine extra transolanted, ready to give fruits.
2,oco,oco FRUIT TREE STOCKS, of every kind and
choice, such as Quirce : Apple, i-yr. and trans-
planted ; Pears, i-yr. and transplanted ; Plums,
St. Julien, Myrobobn, Mahaleb ; common Cherries
(Ceiasus avium).
10,000,000 FOREST TREES and Ornamental SHRUBS,
young stock?, i and 2-yr., and transplanted.
PRUNUS PISSARDII.
This splendid ornamental tree, with its red leaves and black
wood foliage, keeping red until frost, is offered per 100 and 1000,
at low prices. A few hundred fine Specimens on standards.
The prices of the Roses, Fruit Trees ^nd Fruit Tree Stocks
are very low and advantageous, and will be sent on demand,
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chater.ey (Seine), pi Os Paris,
France. Established iSjy.
Persons wishing to be sssured of being supplied ia full for the
next season, must direct their demands and orders at the earliest
moment. Mr. L. Paillet is ready to make immediately a
contract for any quantities of the above stocks.
A Catalogue, printed in English, will be sent on applicalioo.
Ij^OR SALE, a lot of specimen CAMELLIAS,
J; AZALEAS, and other GREENHOUSE and STOVE
PLANTS; also CUCUMBER FRAMES and Lights, portable
WATER BARROW, GARDEN HOSE, SEATS, VASESj
and other GARDEN UTENSILS.
Apply to GARDENER, 77, Summerfield Street, Bromley
Road, Lee.
August 25, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
227
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes,
lUuslratcd CATALOGUE, \^tk cdi Hon; price is.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 18S3.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
THE GARDEN CROPS of 1883,
FRUITS, VEGETABLES, ROOTS, &c.
The Gardeners' Magazine
Of SATURDAY, Augnsi is,
will contain copious Reports and Summaries of the Fruit, Vegetable, and Root Crops of 1SS3,
with Selected Lists of the Best Varieties for the various Soils and Climates of Great Britain.
Published every Saturday, price 2d.; Annual Subscription, lis. 6d., Post-free.
Specimen Copy, Post-free, 2Jd.
OFFICE: -4, AVE MARIA LANE, LONDON, E.G.
^;VZ) SOLD AT ALL NBWS AGENTS AND BOOKSTALLS.
SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER of HARDY PERENNIALS,
SUITABLE for PRESENT PLANTI^G,
CONSISTING of most Useful and Effective
Varieties, principally strong plants from Grcur.d, gratis
and pos!-'ree upon application.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
Roses on Own Roots, and Tea Roses In Pots.
PAUL AND SON, The "Old" Nurseries,
Cheslnint, recommend p!anting these during the present
month, and early in Sep;embei-.
iManv thousands in 4S-pots, and now ready fjr delivery.
LIST of sorts on own roots on application.
All the Teas in Catalogue can be supplied.
The " Old " Nurseries, Cheshunt.
Carriage Free.
Just to hand. — Plant now. — Early Winter White Flowers.
Splendid quality.
SINGLE WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS,
which will produce 3 to 6 spikes per bulb, 215. per 100,
3S, per dozen (not the puny Italian so largely distributed).
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, charming
and useful companion to preceding, 12s. 6d. per 100, zj.
per dozen.
The early consignments are always the ficest. Apply
at once.
GE<1. P. DARBY, Importer. Hertfordshire Seed and Plant
Establishment. Watford, Herts.
1883-A BC BULBGUIDE--1883.
T^HIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
-*- has been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General MISCEi.LANEOUS BULBS,
very extensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS (perhaps the finest collection of these ever
offered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORUS, TRIL-
LIUMS, P.EONIES, the leading and most distinct
varieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.,
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
adapted for Aummn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. WABE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON,
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAGINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
nuinber arid variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price 6i/.) contains much useful information as well as " Hints
on Fein Culture,' SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, .SALE, MANCHESTER,
Prize Col) Filliert Trees.
GENTLEMEN desirous of obtainintj the
iriie WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREliS, for
delivery in October and November, should now send their
orders to Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., CalcotG.irdens, Reading,
of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on application.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
A^^. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES— Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS of MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 178^
ADDRESS .—
LANDRSTH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
D A N I E L S'
WHITE ELEPHANT TRIPOLI.
The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference.
Seed, with complete Cultural Directions,
IS. 6d. per packet, post-free.
Daniels Bros. (^"^igp°°rurr°^), Norwich.
" N A R 0 I s s us.
THOMAS S. WARE begs to announce that
he has prep.ared a SPECIAL OFFER of Leading
Varieties of ihe above, which may be had upon application.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
12-oz. Sample Paciets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
EKOVVN fibrous PEAT, best quality for Oichids.
Stove Plants &c., £6 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 15s. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5^. ; 5 Bags,
2ZJ. 6n'. i 10 Hags, 4SJ. B.aes included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
los. 6d. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 5?i. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, £i per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25^. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Fjj-nborotigh Station, Hants.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
4(i'. per bushel ; icn for 25s : truck (loose, about 2 tons).
40s ; 4-biisliel bags, 4ti. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5^. 6rf. per sack;
5 sacks, 25.1 ; sacks, 4^. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 22s. ; sacks,
4^/. each,
COARSE SILVER SAND, it. 0(/. per bushel ; 15,^. per ha)f
ton, 265. per ton ; in 2 bushel baes, 4(f. each,
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LE.\F-
MOULD. IS. per buihel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. S7. 6^. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS.&c. WriteforFree
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street.
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Ccal Yard), W.C.
COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society acd
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. 3'^- each, or
15 sacks. iSj. ; 30 sacks, L^ 5^-. sacks included. Tiuck-load,
loose, 301. : fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to lail.
Post-cffice order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
ished 1872 -J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound" Yard,
and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
Thomson's Vine and Plant iVlanure.
Manufactured by tlie
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COIVIPAHY
(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
The Vineyard and Nursei'ies, Giarston, near Liverpool,
a/id Si?/d by them and all Nurscryine?! and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by RUssr?. Wm. Tnor^isoN & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Qtiality equal to any in the Market.
(.AH Sacks included.)
4J. 6t/. per sack.
31. til. „
55. od. ,,
PEAT, best brown fibrous
,, best black fibrous
,. extra selected Orchid
LOAM, best yellow fibrous
PREPARED COMPOST, best ..\ is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. .. f included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) .. .. ij. 3^. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. lorf. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. Srf. per lb., 28 lb. i8s.
,. PAPER, finest imported .. .. 10,^. per lb., 28 ib. 21J.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
HUGHE'S FIR TREE OIL.— Packed for
transit, free per parcels post, at the fullowing low quota-
tion, for stamps with order : —
% pint. Is. %d. ; I pint, 25. 9^. ;
1% pint, 3r. ^d. ; I quart, 4j. \^d.
CONNON AND REID, Seedsmen and Florists, Aberdeen.
Amortiser .— Amortiser . — Amort Iser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, AIARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly,
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watering the GrouiKl which
Instantly Destroys Slugs, Wireworms. Caterpillars, GruBs, &c.
When ordering slate ^hii;h preparation" re required. Sample
Cans, 4^,a gallons, 3J, 6rf., tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
228
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, 1883.
EARLY
WEBBS'
FORCING BULBS
WEBB & SONS deUver all Vegetable
Seeds, Flower Seeds, and Bulbs Free by
Post and Rail.
ROMAN HYACINTHS.
Eaily White
Finest named
3J. per dozen, post-free,
.. 22J. per 100, delivered free.
6j. to I2J. per dozen, pott-free.
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS.
Double Roman
Paper White
3(/. each, post-free.
2.S. per dozen, post-free.
■^d. each, post-free.
zs. per doien, pcst-free.
EXTRA EARLY SNOWDROPS.
Double (separate) , . ..\is. bd. per loo ; 211. per 1000.
Single (separate) . ..) Delivered ftee.
Hxtra Large Double or (^ 3J. td. per too ; yss. per 1:00.
Single (sep.-irate) . . ) Delivered free.
NO\Sr BEADY.
Webbs' Bulb Cataloguf,
GRATIS and POST-FREE.
THE QUEENS SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRID6E.
BAUMFORTH'S
SEEDLING RASPBERRY.
From the great reputation this New Rasp-
berry has attained for size, quality, and heavy
cropping, 1 fully anticipate again a very large
demand for Canes.
I recommend Orders to be sent in at once, to
secure a supply.
PRICES :-
Planting Canes 25^-. per 100
Fruiting Canes, extra strong 355. per 100
Special Prices to the Trade on application.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON,
SEED MERCHANT and NURSERYMAN,
HULL.
SINGLE DAHLIAS,
IN PULL FLOWER.
THOMAS S. WARE has much pleasure in
announcinff that his very extensive collection of SINGLE
DAHLIAS, covering many acres, is now beautifully in Hower,
and will continue to make a grand show for some weeks to
come, should the weather prove favourable.
A visit of hupection is respectfully solicited.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenharo, London.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 1 8.f. to 36^. per dozen.
These "World-famed ROSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on appUcatio}i.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
TO INTENDING PLANTERS.
Expiry of Lease.— Clearing Sale.
THE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY CO. (LIMITED),
EDINBURGH
Have resolved to clear off the entire stock of SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED
FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREE STOCKS, ORNAMENTAL TREES for immediate effect,
i&c, contained in Windleshawlee Nursery, Granton Road, as they do not intend to renew the lease,
which expires next year. All the stock not previously sold by private bargain, will be exposed by
PUBLIC AUCTION on the lOlh and lllh of OCTOBER NEXT;
meanwhile special offers will be made upon application.
Parliailars in fi/ti/re Adi'ertisements, and Catalogue now in preparation.
EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS.
DOUBLE ROMAN and PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS.
Tames Veitch & Sons
*^ BEG TO ANNOfNCE THKY KAVE RECEIVED THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF
THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORCING,
and will be pleased to receive Orders for immediate delivery.
BULB CATALOGUE FOR 1883
Has now been posted to all our Customers ; any one not having received the same shall receive
a duplicate copy Post-free on application.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.
NEW SEEDS FOR AUTUMN SOWING.
TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM, WINTER RAPE,
RYE, AGRICULTURAL MUSTARD, WINTER TARES,
ITALIAN RYE-6RA88, PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, (Jc.
Sainplcs and Quotations on application.
THE LAWSON SEED & NURSERY COMPANY
(LIMITED),
106, SOUTHWARK STREET, LONDON, S.E.
^.JOHI WARIEE & SOIS,
By Special Appointment.
THE
Crescent Foundry,
CRIPPLEGATE.
LONDON, E.G.,
and the Foundry Works,
WALTON - ON - THE - NAZE
Essex.
Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers, Bell and Brass
Founders, Braziers, and Gopperamltlia.
First Prize Stiver Midah awarded to yohn
Warner &^ So7ts, by tJu Royal Horticultural
Society, at tkeir Exhibitions in London^ May,
1882 and 1883, far Garden Engines, Sr^c.
By Special Appointment.
Manufa€tit7'ers of
GILBERT'S
Patent Handlighta
and Improved Regis-
tered and Patent
Handlights and Re-
spirators.
7. W. &' Sorts' HortuuUttral List, and Wind,
Wa ter, Steavi, Horse, and Manual Power Pump.
ing Machinery Catalogues, on application.
August 25, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
229
SUTTONS'
COLLECTIONS OF BULBS
FOR EARLY FORCING,
including Early Roman Hyacinths, Double
Roman Narcissus, Paper- White Narcissus,
Snowdrops, Crocus, Jonquils, Due Van Thol
Tulips, Scillas, &c.,
42s., 3lB. 6d., 21s., and 10s. 6d. each.
ROMAN HYACINTHS for FORCING.
Sincle White
Single Blue
per dozen, 3s. kd. : per ico, 25J.
per dozen, 3J. od, ; per 100, 14J.
EARLY NARCISSUS for FORCING.
Double Roinan
Paper-White . .
per dozen, 2J. td. ; per 100, 17J. 6</,
per dozen, ^s. od. ; per 100, 14s. od.
For full Particulars of
SUTTONS' CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS
SEE
SuTTONS' Autumn Catalogue.
C/x.ir/S AND POST-FREE.
\kW((Tv>JWW^
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING.
JOSEPH BAUMANN, Nurseryman,
Ghent, Belcium, offers the following Plants :— AZALEA
hardy MOLLIS and hardy Ghent, A. INDICA. RHODO-
DENDRONS, CAMELLIAS. KALMIA LATIFOLIA,
dwarf with flower Inids ; fine Sweet BAYS, Standards and Pyra-
mids ; fine LATANIA BORBONICA, ARALIA SIE-
BOLDI and VARIEGATA, ARAUCARIAS, ILEX, MAG-
NOLIAS, PvEONlES. ROSES, hPIR/EA JAPONICA, &c.
CATALOGUE free.
T
HE SELECTED BURGHLEY
PRESIDENT STRAWBERRY.
Characterised by T.R.H , The Princeand Princess of Wales,
as the largest in size and the best in flavour : an enormous
cropper, and splendid glossy colour. Will be ready to send out
the nrst week in September, on turf, to insure a full ciop next
&easoD. 255 per 100; ordinary Runneis half price.
R. GILBERT. High Park Gardens, Stamford.
BMALLER begs to make his Annual
• Trade Offer of his very extensive and exira well-grown
stock of ; —
ERICAS (Hyemalis, and other varieties), EPACRIS.
GENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, ADIANIUM
GUNEATUM and other FERNS, GREVILLEAS, VINES
in pots, &c An inspection is invited.
Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on application.
The Annual SALE by AUCTION will be held ia
SEPTEMBER.
Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.
T"0 THE TRADE.— We beg to offer strong
plants fiom stores fit for immediate potting, of the follow-
ing FERNS, price \^s. per 100, carriage and package free fcr
cash with order ; — Pier is serrulata, Pieris hastata. Gymno-
gramma elegantissima, Nephrodium mole, Ph'ebodium
aureum, Adianttmi venustum.
ISAAC BRUNNING and CO., Great Yarmouth Nurseries.
NOTICE TO THE TRADE.
MESSRS. GREGORY & EVANS
beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally,
that they have the largest stock of ERICA HYEMALIS,
in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade. Other
varieties in proportion.
Inspection Invited.
LONGLANDS NURSERY, SIDCUP,
AND AT LEE, S.E.
STRAWBERRIES
NEXT SUMMER, by Planting now : Capital
Roots, 48. per 100.
IN A FEW MONTHS, by Forcing : Plants
in Pots, 16s. per 100.
Only the best varieties are offered.
DESCRIPTIVE LIST ON APPLICATION.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
WORCESTER.
ifc
FORCING BULBS
TO
PLANT AT ONCE
ENSURE FLOWE RS
AT CHRISTMAS.
Carters' Early White Roman Hjacinths,
The Best in the Market.
1 2 Fine Bulbs post-free 3 j. oii.
24 Fine Bulbs post-free 65. cd.
50 Fine Bulbs post-free lu. od.
100 Fine Bulbs post-free 211. c^.
Carters' Early Blue Roman Hyacinths.
12 Fine Bulbs post-free li. id.
1:4 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free jr. rd.
so Fine Bulbs post-free 5J. 61/'.
100 Fine Bulbs post-free 10s. td.
Carters' Early Rose Parisian Hyacinths.
12 Fine Bulbs post-free 2i. od.
24 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. post-free 4^- o«'-
50 Fine Bulbs .. .. post-free 8f. od.
100 Fine Bulbs post-fiee 15J. od.
Carters' Early Paper White Narcissus.
12 Fine Bulbs . . . . . . . . post-free qs od.
24 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free 41. od.
50 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free 71. od.
100 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free 12s. 6</.
Carters' Early Double Roman Narcissus.
12 Fine Bulbs post-free 25. td.
24 Fine Bulbs post-free 5s. cd.
50 Fine Bulbs post-fiee 8j. td.
100 Fine Bulbs post-free 155. od.
Carters' Extra Large Snowdrops.
100 Fine Bulbs . . . . . . . . post-free y, (yd.
so Fine Bulbs . . post-free zi. od.
Note. — These Prices are not binding after the pnbUca-
tion of our Catalogue of Bulbs.
The Queen's Seedsmen, and by Royal Command
to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,
237 and 238, HIQH HOLBORN,
LONDON, W.C.
))
ROSE-" HER MAJESTY.
£50 Reward.
TTAVING RIXEIVEl) INF'ORMATION
-^^ that leads nie to buppubc >onie dishonebl pL-n^on
has OBTAINED a PORTION of my SEEDLING
ROSE, named "HER MAJESTY," and e PROPA-
GATING IT for HIS OWN BENEFIT, I HEREBY
GIVE NOTICE that I am the Sole Proprietor of tlie
Property of the said Rose, having raised it from a seed,
at Stapleford, Wills, in the year 1878, and that I first
exhibited it at the Royal Horticultural Society's Meeting.
March 28, 1882, and was awarded a First-class Certifi-
cate, and have subsequently exhibited it on various
occasions, notably at the National Rose Society's Meet-
ing. July 3. 1883. when it was awarded the Gold Medal,
for the best Seedling Rose. I have never given or sold
any portion of it, or authorised any person to Ireat with
it in any way (it can be positively identified and sworn
to). Any person or persons having any portion of it will
be in the receipt of Stolen Property, will be treated as
such, and prosecuted accordingly. And I hereby give
further Notice that any person or persons who will give
such information as will lead to a Conviction of any one
having any portion of the said Rose, "Her Majesty,"
in their possession shall receive the above Reward.
H. BENNETT,
SHEPPERTON, MIDDLESEX.
.\ugUSt 21, 1883.
THE
SATURDAY, AUGUST 25, i88j.
MILTON'S HOUSE AT HORTON.
HORTON is a pretty Thames-side village
below Windsor and Datchet. Most
persons have read in the Merry Wives of
//V«(/j'or of the muddy ditch at Datchet Mead,
which Falstaft" was thrown into, "glowing hot,
like a horse-shoe, hissing hot." From that
spot, through Horlon to Wraysbury, ditches
and rivulets, pollard Willows, and Water
Lilies blossoming by thousands in the early
summer, are constant ; and sticklebacks sport
in the runnels and show their gleaming sides as
you pass along. There are more of these
pretty little sportive fish in Horton probably
than in any other parish in the kingdom, and
readers of Isaac Walton's immortal book will
remember this immediate neighbourhood as one
of his favourite haunts for the sake of the fish-
ing in the Thames and Coin, " rivers wide,"
which Milton mentions in descriptive verses,
one of them running close to his domain.
In the abundance, and sometimes the super-
abundance, of water, Horton, in seasons of flood,
resembles Venice for a time, its gondola being
a parochial punt, by means of which the village
is approached from the outer world across the
flood between this place and Datchet, and
over the other flood from here to Wraysbury.
The porous soil, however, of this part of the
Thames Valley causes the neighbourhood to be
healthy, as the inhabitants of Horton stoutly
maintain. It seems to suit them. As we read
in Shakespeare, " there are land snakes and
water snakes," just as there are two sorts of rats,
of which the water rat is by far the most reput-
able. The tablet in the church at Horton in
memory of the Rev. John Brown, fifty-five years
rector of the parish, is evidence of its healthful-
ness, and in further proof, instead of being un-
popular and cheerless, it is as prosperous as it
is pretty.
The lapse of more than 200 years must gene-
rally alter the aspect of the country consider-
ably, but it seems probable that the landscape
of Horton has changed very slightly. Milton's
own descriptions enable us to compare notes.
He came here to his father's country house a
distinguished student of the University of Cam-
bridge, and he wrote "The Sonnet of the Night-
ingale " here, and further noticed the same song-
ster in " Comus" and the "Allegro," which were
also written at Horton. It seems probable that
thick hedgerows and abounding coverts. White-
thorns and low bushes, attracted the nightingale
to this locality then as now.
The other shorter pieces which were written
here, " Lycidas," the " Penseroso," and the
"Arcades," contain passages which the peculiar
scenery of Horton seems to have inspired. It
is, and probably was, rich in the ornament of
that majestic tree, the English Elm. We may
be sure that meadowland prevailed as it does
now, and that a certain amount of corn was
grown on the rich gravelly land furthest from
the river. Hence the poet's youthful muse : —
" Sometimes walking, not unseen.
By hedge-row Elms and hillocks green,
230
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[August 25, 1883.
While the ploughman, near at hand,
Whistles o'er the furrowed land.
And the milkmaid singeth blithe.
And the mower whets his scythe.
And every shepherd tells his tale,
Under the Hawthorn in the dale."
This is the poet's use of the everyday mate-
rials of common life at Horton, and the five
years spent here in that best of schools,
Nature's, seem to have inspired the description
which falls from the lips of Comus : —
' ' I know each lane, and every alley green,
Dingle, or bushy dell of this wild wood,
And every bosky bourne from side to side,
]My daily walks and ancient neighbourhood."
The domain of Berkin Manor, where
Mr. Tyrrell has the happiness of owning the
spot where the Miltons resided, consists of
40 or 50 acres of meadow and garden fenced
with Elms and water. A bye-road and path
to Colnbrook passes along one side of the
domain, and a heavy growth of shrubs and trees
within the boundary overhangs a rather sleepy
rivulet, and prevents much inspection of the
grounds within froin the pathway. The village
of Colnbrook — called sometimes a town — with
cosy old roofs shining pleasantly among the
trees, lies a few fields to the north, and in this
direction the home of Milton was, or rather now
is, bounded by two rows of great Elms with a
broad strip of turf between them, forming a
retired walk for saunter and meditation. A
third side of the square estate is also fenced by the
same prevailing titnber ; the fourth, or southern
side, is welUiedged from the high road. The
entrance-gate is here, and from the lodge there
is a nice little drive of about a minute or a little
more to the front door. And among the many
trees which have been profusely planted in the
grounds — Cedars of Lebanon, Horse Chestnuts,
and others— there is a very fine Plane, which
may have stood fourscore years, and has not
lost' a day in growing both tall and spreading.
Sufficient space has been left around the south
and west windows of the house for a nice flower
garden, and which is by far the best-kept part
of the over-planted, over-crowded little manor.
The house is a cheerful-looking residence of
red and white brick, bigger than almost any
rectory or country doctor's residence, just about
sufficient for a local lawyer who has prospered.
It has no distant prospect, and could only com-
mand, across the ditch or rivulet, if the fence
were cut through, a plain, short \ iew of a vil-
lage paddock and its pond, with some neigh-
bouring Willows, pollarded, and some fruit
trees. Beautiful as a flat surface may be ren-
dered by planting it, distant prospects, gener-
ally speaking, are precluded. From many parts
of Horton, however, you may see through the
glades, or from some open spot, the Egham
Hills and Cooper's Hill, from 2 to 5 miles dis-
tant, and the " Copper Horse "—a local name
which quite ignores the royal rider at the head
of the Long Walk, and Windsor Castle, 4 tniles
nearly as the crow flies ; but none of the houses
have long views, and the domestic scenery of
Berkin manor house could only be improved
by co-operation with neighbours who might
perhaps re-arrange their Damson trees, and
open up that very fine Lombardy Poplar behind
and the tall Elm at the meeting of the roads
beyond if some commensurate advantage were
offered them in return.
Milton described the Horton of to-day and
its view of Windsor Castle in the lines :—
' ' Meadows trim with Daisies pied,
Shallow brooks and rivers wide,
Towers and battlements it sees
Bosom'd high in tufted trees."
The houses are more numerous than they were,
and they, too, are bosomed among trees ; so is
the church, which is banked behind by noble
Elms standing in the grounds of Horton Manor.
The spacious graveyard is flanked by trees on
either side, standing not too near, and trees
stand thick in the grounds of the rectory across
the road. Two great Yews and two close-
clipped Thorn trees in the churchyard grew
there probably before the time of Milton. The
high brick wall around is of bricks six times as
large as common bricks, and laid, according to
tradition, when men worked at a penny a day.
The building is of flint, with a square tower
heightened by bricks. The mother of Milton
was buried in the chancel in 1637. Many of
the graves are planted with flowers, and the
number of handsome monuments of granite and
inarble bespeak a wealthy neighbourhood.
H. E.
t
VANILI.A PFAVIANA, n. sp/*
This was recently rediscovered by one of Mr. Pfau's
collectors. Strolling under an immense Oak he found
a single flower, of which I have before me a painted
sketch. The collector took his telescope, studied
branch for branch, but he could find no vestige of
pseudobulbs, and home he went in bad spirits. And
yet all goes on in a natural way in Nature. The plant
had no pseudobulbs, as it was a climber — a Vanilla,
and who knows whether the ardent collector did not
see hundreds of twigs with their shining leaves ! I
decidedly could not do much with a single flower if it
were not so very characteristic, and if I had not
immediately recognised in it one of those hundreds of
undescribed species I have by me. It was found in
Mexico long since. It has a slender zigzag stem, with
oblong, suddenly acuminate broad leaves (6 by 4
inches).
The terminal inflorescence has lanceolate acuminate
bracts, surpassing 01 equalling the ovaries. Whether
there are axillary inflorescences also is unknown ;
whether those also have leaf-like bracts is another
question. The flower is comparable to that of Schom-
burgkia tibicinis in general appearance, though the
cuneate oblong acute sepals and petals are not undu-
late, but twisted and green. The threefold white lip
has two oblong erect lateral laciniae and a well pro-
jected emarginate anterior one, with crenate outer
margins. There are no rows of lamelhc on it, but
one long thick cushion extending from the place
before the anterior sinus towards the base, and then
running out in two lines, each terminating in an up-
right angle, having there a small keel between them.
The column adheres to the base of the lip, and has an
acuminate cuculla to the andjocliniura, as well as an
apiculate anther, ff. G. Rchl'. f.
Masdevallia calura, h. sp.\
This has appeared with Masdevallia Reichen-
bachiana in Mr. F. Sander's establiohment at St.
Albans. It has, however, nothing to do with that
species, but it is very near Masdevallia marginata,
excepting in colour. There are, however, very strong
characters in the inner surface of the outer perigone,
and in the shape of the petals and lip. The outer
perigone has a nearly obliterate chin, the cupula is
well developed, the single triangle is very short, the
lateral triangles are much larger — all of a fine bluish-
purple, nearly of the tint of Masdevallia cucullata.
The tails surpass the length of the floral body. The
inner surface is covered with obtuse warts. Tne petals
and lip are brownish-purple and quite distinct in
shape ; the petals very broad and plump, with a very
short stalk and irregular blunt angles and a marginal
obscure keel inside. The base of the lip is very
* VaJiilta PJaviaTia, D. sp.— Caule flexuoso : foUis magnis
oblongis acuminalis : inflorescentia (semper ?) terminali grandi-
flora ; bracteis decrescentibus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis ; sepalis
cuneato-oblongis acutis tortis : tepalis paulis per minoribus
tortis ; labello columoK basi adnato cuneato dilatato trifido ;
laciniis lateralibus erectis ; lacinia antica producla emarginata,
disco a resione ante apicilari pulvinata incrassato basi in dentes
duos excurrente, carinula interjecta : androclinii margine acuto ;
anthera apiculata. Mexico. H. G. Rchb. f,
t Masdevallia calura^ n. sp. — Aff. Masdevallise marginellse
cupula bene evoluta ; mento subnullo, perigonio externo intus
verrucoso, triangulo imparl bievissimo, triangulis paribus melius
evolutis, setis triangula bene excedentibus : tepalis ab ungue
irregulariter hexagonis, latis, carina una lateralis intus]; labello
a basi latissima iliombea obtusangula ligulato acuto obscurissirae
bicarinato ; columns androclinio supra anlheram bidentato.
H. G. Rchb. f.
broad, nearly rhomboid, the anterior part narrower and
abruptly acute. This is quite distinct from what occurs
in M. marginella. Column white with numerous
purple freckles on the anterior base. The leaves are
very thick and very distinctly stalked. The plant is
rather nice, though not grand. H. G, Rchb, f,
DUVALIA ANGUSTILOBA, A''. E. Br.
This is one of the most distinct species in the genus,
being readily recognised by its small star-like flowers,
with very narrow, longitudinally folded corolla lobes,
and white corona. It is the most floriferous member
of the genus yet known, the cymes developing in suc-
cession from five to twenty or more flowers, and
under proper treatment nearly every young stem will
produce one or two cymes. Perfectly glabrous in all
parts, densely casspitose ; stems subglobose or oblong,
4—1 inch long, i— | inch thick, dull green, obtusely.
4 or rarely 5-angIed, angles tuberculate-dentate, with
a minute denticle on each side of the base of the sub-
ylate rudimentary leaf. Cymes arising from about
the middle of the younger stems, the s(out cymes
develope gradually, and produce from five to twenty
or more flowers; pedicels I — 14 inch long, rather
slender and tapering from base to apex. Calyx lobes
narrow lanceolate-subulate, ij line long, reflexed
when the flower is expanded. Buds conical acute,
rather deeply 5-grooved, truncate at the base. Corolla
J — I inch in diameter, the lobes ate narrow lanceolate
acuminate, longitudinally folded back into thin ver-
tical, horizontally spreading plates, with an impressed
line down the centre of the fold, and of a dark
chocolate-brown colour ; the pentagonal annulus is
unusually small, being very little elevated above the
level of the lobes, and very narrow. The corona is
nearly pure white when the flower first opens,
becoming dirty white after a few days ; the outer
corona is reduced to a mere margin, the inner corona
resembles a miniature crown. Odour none. The
flowers remain open from six to sixteen days. A
native of the Karoo, South Africa ; where it was
discovered by Mr. Dikins, and was introduced by
Sir Henry Barkly in 1S75. N. E. Broxon.
DORONICUM PLANTAGINEUM,
VAR. EXCELSUM, N. E.'Bk. .
This is the plant alluded to in the present volume
of the Gardeners^ Chronicle as having been exhibited
by Messrs. Rodger McClelland i Co., of Newry,
under the name of Doronicum hybridum. It was sent
to me some time back by Mr. C. W. Dod, and I
failed to make anything of it ; subsequently Mr. Dod
sent me more ample material, a careful examination
and comparison of which showed, that of the recog-
nised species it could only be referred to D. planta-
gineum, of which it can only be regarded as a large
variety, that flowers during a much longer season.
Concerning the origin of this interesting plant, Mr.-
Dod gives me the following account : — *' It was sold
to me by Mr. Smith, of Worcester, threejears ago, as
Doronicum Clusii j Mr. Smith told me they had it
from Mr. Harpur-Crewe, and Mr. Harpur-Crewe told
me that it came up as a chance seedling in his
garden." Of course, to D. Clusii it has no re-
semblance, as that is a dwarf alpine species, with a"
distinct pappus to the ray achenes.
This new variety is a very fine and striking plant,
and is remarkable among the Doronicums for its,:
habit of flowering from March until October. Mr.
Dod informs me that it is "a remarkably fast grower,
and increases wonderfully ; small tubers grow on the.
roots, which soon produce plants, and if separated
increase it rapidly ; but if left alone the roots grow
together into such a mass that the plant dies in three
years. I have noticed, that in this rich, wet soil D.
Pardalianches has the same habit. I have com-
pared the plant with D. plantagineum growing in the
same soil. D. plantagineum grows 3 feet high ; but
the new variety 5 feet or more ; the leaves aire
similar but larger, and the flower-heads one-third
larger in diameter, being sometimes over 4 inches
across ; it seems to be a robust and improved develop-
ment of D. plantagineum, the flower is darker in
colour, and the rays broader and more thickly set."
The following is a brief description of D. planta-
gineum var. excelsum : — Radical leaves on long
petioles, rather roughly hairy, the blade 4 — 8 inches
long, 2.i — 45 inches broad, broadly ovate, acute, the
base wedge-shaped, rarely subcordate, the margin
with large rather irregular teeth, a minute tooth
August zJ, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
231
generally alternating with the large ones ; stem
leaves amplexicaul, broadly cordate-ovate, acute,
coarsely toothed ; stem stout, sparsely hispid, fur-
rowed, 4—5 feet high, simple, or with one or two
branches, branches one-headed, heads as in the type,
but larger, 3 — 4 inches in diameter ; ray achenes
glabrous, without pappus. It flowers from March to
October. X. E, Broivn^ Ilct barium, A'cii'^
THE AQUATIC PLANTS OK
SWITZERLAND.
In Switzedand we have a comparatively small
number of aquatic plants. Although there was a
period, subsequent to the glacial epoch, and follow-
ing llie retreat of the ice and ihe melting of ihe snow
that covered the country^ when Switzerland abounded
in morasses, it would be diflicult at the pre.'ient time
to find a single plant deserving that appellation above
an elevation of 50 to over 100 yards. The bogs and
humid plains of the lower Valais, and the borders of ihe
lakes of Ncuchatel and Einsiedeln, are noihjpg in
comparison to the marshes that one meets wiih in the
plains of Germany, to which all the plants that
covered our country during the Celtic period seem to
have withdrawn.
We have, however, among the few remains of that
interesting flora, a certain number of species remark-
able for their beauty and their graceful habit. At
Geneva we have a special basin for the reception and
cultivation of these plants, and visitors never cease
admiring them. I think a similar provision should
be made in every garden where alpine plants are
cultivated, for nothing is prettier than a pond or sheet
of water skirting the rockery, imitating the Alps, and
representing a part of their flora.
Among plants that are truly aquatic we possess
some elegant species of easy culture. The three
Water Lilies are all interesting plants for cultivation.
Nymphcea alba and Nuphar lutea are both common,
being found in nearly all our rivulets and pools.
Nuphar pumila is very rare, or rather local, as it is
confined to a small lake (the Hlitten-Sec, in German
Switzerland), where, however, it is abundant. This
Water-Lily is a distinct and well-defined species, and
not a variety of N. lutea, as cited in some English
catalogues. The Lilies are of the easiest cultivation ;
the roots are merely thrown into the water, though
their big fl:;shy roots need a good depth of mud at
the bottom.
Trapa natans no longer exists in Switzerland, ex-
cept in the small lakes of the Canton Tessin ; yet in
prehistoric times it was one of the commonest plints
in our country, furnishing the " Water Chestnut,"
upon which our Celtic ancestors largely subsisted. It
is not so easy of cultivation as the Lilies, for it is an
annual that must be sown in spring, and should not
be disturbed, as it is very liable to perish if trans-
planted. It is more interesting than ornamental, stili
it agreeably adorns the surface of water. A very
shady situation does not suit it, nor can it bear full
exposure to the sun.
Vallisneiia spiralis is met with in the lakes of
Tessin, and is also recorded by some authors as grow-
ing in the " Katzen-See," canton of Zurich. This
elegant plant, whose interesting mode of fertilisation
is familiar to everybody, is easily grown, and is spe-
cially suitable for small indoor aquariums.
Hottonia palustris is certainly one of the most
graceful of aquatics, and one of our most charming
plants, though somewhat rare in Switzerland. It
deserves cultivation for its light and bright foliage,
and its clear lilac flowers, borne in whorls, tier above
tier, like those of Primula japouica. The long dura-
tion of its flowers also recommends it.
Sagittaria sagitla'folia has become exceedingly rare
in Switzerland since the lowering of the waters of the
lake of Neuchatel. Formerly it was abundant at
Vverdon, but it has now quite disappeared. I have,
however, made a successful sowing in the iJotanic
Garden, and I hope to replant it in a submerged spot
at Vverdon.
We have a certain number of species of Potamoge-
ton, of which the best for cultivation is certainly P.
natans, its broad handsome leaves being quite orna-
mental.
Calla palustris, formerly met with in several
localities, is now restricted to the lake of Sempach.
It is successfully grown in open air aquaria, in
shallow basins, and on the margins of brooks. This
is a very ornamental plant, and its flower [inflor-
escence], though smaller than that of C. rethiopica
(Kichardia cethiopica), is very beautiful and showy.
Alisma Plantago is found very frequently in all our
wet places, along ditches, lVc. ; A. ranunculoides, on
the other hand, is very rare, and it does flot flourish
so well under cultivation. _ Polh are ornamental
plants, and the former is remarkable for the size it
attains under cultivation when manured.
Acorus calamus is likewi.se rare with us, but it is
worthy of the attention of cultivators on account of its
habit and its agreeable verdure, as well as for the
pleasant odour that proceeds from its leaves and
roots.
Kumex Hydrolopathum is one of our most extra-
ordinary pond-plants, and it is rare and choice.
Sometimes its leaves grow so large that one might
take them for those of Musa Lnsete. At the present
time we have a tuft of it in the garden bearing leaves
of which the blade alone is more than 40 inches long,
liutomus umbellatus does not occur in Switzerland,
except in the neighbourlwod of Basle. It is one of the
most beautiful aquatic plants we have, and is easily
cultivated.
Iris Pacud-acorus is a common but very pretty and
effective plant. Scirpus lacustris, generally spread
here, is one of the most ornamental of plants for
ponds and other pieces of water. In deep water and
rich soil it attains enormous dimensions.
Ilydrocharis morsus-ranx is now rarely found wild
in Switzerland, where formerly it abounded. It is a
charming little plant, whose leaves are like those of a
Nuphar in miniature, and whose white flowers float
on the surface of the water. It is not so easily culti-
vated as some others, and s;ems to me to prefer slill
to running water, as do also the Nuphars.
Utricularia vulgaris and U. minor are very pretty
plants, attracting the attention of alt travellers. Their
flowers, of a beautiful yellov/, and graceful and
elegant in form, embellish our still waters. The
roots prefer a boggy soil.
Typha latifoha, T. angustifolia, T. Shuttleworthi,
and T. minima, are also suitable for decorating pieces
of water. The last species is much rarer here than
the two first, and it is the most interesting. Its
dwarf stature and slender flower-shafts render it one
of the most striking plants. These plants love a
spongy or sandy soil, and grow better on the borders
and low banks than in the water itself.
Sparganium simplex and S, ramosum are two
charming plants, whose yellowish-white flowers are
crowded in spheroidal heads. They flourish in deep
running water.
Menyanthes trifoliata passes for the most beautiful
of our aquatic plants, on account of the light and
elegant ornamentation of its corolla. It is indeed one
of the prettiest plants one can place in a basin, and it
flourishes everywhere in slightly moving shallow
water. In rich soil in a shallow basin, in the Geneva
Botanic Garden, this plant spreads considerably and
flowers freely ; whereas in a deeper basin it grows
and spreads very slowly.
Polygonum amphibium is an aquatic plant little
known under cultivation, yet it deserves more atten-
tion. The bright rosy spicate flowers are very beauti-
ful. It is cultivated on the margins of pieces of
water, as with us it grows in still shallow water.
There are, again, some species of Carex and Cyperus
which might be cultivated, though in my eyes they
are less pleasing.
It is well to cultivate aquatic plants if we wish to
enjoy and preserve them ; for in Switzerland, as else-
where, they are receding before civilisation, which
drains the marshes. Aquatic plants are interesting
and ornamental, and they ought to be more generally
cultivated, all the more because they are so easily grown
and need so little care. //. Correvon^ Geneva. [Most
of these plants are British, and all are readily cultivated
here. Ed.]
Urtica fladellata. — The next day early we
were ready to start, when an incident occurred which
gave us a momentary shock. At the height at which
our encampment was pitched (nearly 3300 metres)
grows a wild Nettle (Urtica flabellata), whose elegantly
curled leaves are very dangerous. The animal that
rolls upon it may meet with his death in consequence.
One of our mules was found writhing under the pain
caused by the stings of this plant. I believed at first
that the mule was mine, but really it belonged to the
caiicheros (caoutchouc gatherers). We hoped they
would soon cure their beast ; so, having appointed to
meet them in a few days on the borders of the
Toachi, we gained the heights of Corazon. Ed,
Andrr, " Zt- Tour du M&nde,'' p, 394.
NOTES ON IRISES.
1. On a New Iris (Evansia) from the Hima-
layas.--Some time ago Mr. Frank Miles received
seeds of an Iris, gathered by his cousin from plants
growing in the Kulu Valley of the Himalayas at
about the height, I believe, of 14,000 feet, and also
seed from apparently the same plant growing in the
Parbutta Valley. The seeds and seedling plants Mr.
Miles has very liberally distributed, and a roct which
he kindly gave to me has just bloomed. I am not
sure whether it was from the Kulu or Parbutta
source ; but this does not matter, since the plants
from both sources seem to be identical. 1 believe
Mr. Max Leichllin has already bloomed it (as he
does everything which cf mes into his hands), but I
understand that it has not yet been described or
named. Sir Joseph Hooker proposes to figure it in
the h'oi, Ma;:^., and Mr. Baker will give the formal
description of it under the name of Iris (Evansia)
Milesii ; but perhaps a few words may not be un-
acceptable here.
The plant belongs to the crested or Evansia division
of Irises, and comes perhaps nearest to Iiis tectorum
(tomiolopha). The foliage resembles that of I. tecto-
rum, but is far ampler ; the leaves, indeed, are some 2 to
3 feet or even more in length, and from 2 to 3 inches
in breadth, but are less stout than those of tectorum.
So magnificent is the foliage that one expected a very
handsome flower indeed ; but unhappily this is not
the case. The scape, rising some 3 or more feet in
height, is much more branched than that of tectorum,
the main axis and laterals ending in small green spathe-
valves containing each several flowers opening in
succession. Each flower, which is very short-lived,
opening at dawn and fading at sunset, is formed after
the fashion of I. tectorum, but is smaller, and of a dif-
ferent colour. The fall is only some 24 inches long,
and the flowers, instead of the splendid blueish-
purple of I. tectorum, have a more reddish-purple hue,
or are even plum-coloured. The blade of the fall is
marked, like tectorum, with striking blotches. I do
not wish to go into details now, but I may point out
that the crest of the falls is of interest, being much
more cut up than is that of I. tectorum or of I.
fimbriata, so much so that it almost becomes a
beard. In its small fugacious flowers, several en-
closed in the spathe-valves, in the character of the
spathe-valvcs, in the more branched scape, in the
manner in which the scape starts from the top of a
large tuft of distichous leaves, and in the conspicuous
ring-like scars left on the rhizome by the leaves, I,
Milesii resembles I. fimbriata rather than I. tectorum,
but it differs from the former in the characters of the
foliage and in not being stoloniferous. In a certain
way it is intermediate between the two, and is
interesting as being a westward extension of this form
of Iris, for I am inclined to think that I. decora of the
Himalayas is in many ways distinct from the above,
though classed with them as an Evansia.
I wish I could have praised Mr. F. Miles' Iris as a
valuable addition to our garden Irises, but I must
confess that, as far as beauty goes, it is far inferior to
both I. tectorum and I. fimbriata. And, moreover,
it seems difficult to grow. Two years ago I had a
splendid plant in a cold frame, and just as I was
expecting it to flower it died right away without any
obvious reason. Mr. Miles tells me that in the open
it sometimes goes through the hardest winter and
lives, and sometimes dies outright. The plant which
has just bloomed with me was grown in a pot, kept
somewhat dry in the winter in a cool greenhouse (but
not diied right oft), and exposed to the open during
the summer, but never allowed to be stinted in water.
If the end of July or beginning of August should
prove to be its natural time of flowering in this
country, it will be useful as a means of extending
the Iris season,
2. Iris tectorum. — I have compared the above
I. Milesii with I. tectorum, which is to my mind one of
the handsomest of Irises, and of which, since it does
not seem very largely grown, I may, perhaps, say a
word or two. As an outdoor plant I do not find it
very happy, but as a pot plant it is very useful, and
the plan I adopt with it is as follow-, :— I grow the
plants on in pots rapidly in summer, exposing them
freely in the open, but never letting them lack water.
In autumn, when growth has slackened, I gradually
dry them oft", at first in the open, subsequently under
glass, eventually drying them quite up, almost as if
they were bulbous plants. They are kept dry on the
232
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, 1883.
greenhouse shelf until the time when, in midwinter or
later, they begin to push. I then clean them, top-
dress them without changing the pots, soak them,
and let them grow, giving water very cautiously at
first, but more freely afterwards ; and they seem to
me to flower all the better for being somewhat pot-
bound.
Planted in the open they do not, I imagine, get an
adequate ripening of the rhizome in autumn ; hence
in spring they give plenty of young growth, but com-
paratively few flowers. Moreover, they start into
growth somewhat early in spring and are apt to be
injured by east winds and spring frosts. This year,
for instance, a whole bed of most luxuriant growth
was cut down to the ground by that terrible east
wind at Easter. When it is remembered that, as the
nime implies, this Iris grows in China, on the
roofs of houses, it will be seen that some lorm of
"drying off" is likely to prove the proper means of
culture.
Now that I am speaking of Iris tectorum, I may
say that for some three or for years past I have been
trying very hard to hybridise it. Though I have so
far failed, I have obtained some results which are not
without interest. Last year I had I. tectorum and I.
fimbriata in bloom at the same time. I crossed re-
peatedly in both directions but did not get a single
pod to swell. This result has increased the suspicion
which I have had for some time, that the two species,
in spile of certain striking resemblances, are by no
means closely allied to each other ; that in fact the
likenesses are superficial and the differences deep. I
have crossed I. tectorum with several beardless forms
(sibirica, longipetala, &c. ) but never got a pod to swell ;
on the other hand flowers crossed with bearded Irises
(several belonging to the pumila group, germanica,
and iherica) have given me thoroughly well swollen
pods, but with imperfect seeds, such as I have never
yet been able to germinate. Still I do not despair of
eventually getting a cross with some form either of
the Pogoniris or Onocyclus group, though I do not
think I ever shall with any of the Apogons. Is it
possible that the conditions provided by the possession
of a thick fleshy rhizome are of more importance in
determining the relations of pollen to ovule than the
form of the flower ?
I have found by experiment that I. tectorum, in
spite of the careful and elaborate structure of the
flower, with all its arrangements for insect visits, fer-
tilises itself very readily, and seeds most freely. On
the other hand X. fimbriata with me refuses to ferti-
lise itself, and indeed I have as yet failed to get seed
from fimbriata even when I crossed one flower with
another. Lastly, I have raised a great many seed-
lings of tectorum, but have as yet seen no variation
save perhaps in the size of the flower or intensity of
colour.
3. Iris ochroleuca and Monnieri. — The
handsome white and yellow I. ochroleuca is a very
old inhabitant of our gardens, but until very recently
its origin was unknown. Boissier, however, in his Flora
Oricntalis, gives it as growing at Smyrna and else-
where. Some three years ago Percy Zohrab, Esq., of
the British Consulate, Smyrna, kindly sent me some
roots of an Iris which he found growing wild in the
marshy land near Ephesus, and which he said had
white flowers. These roots have flowered this year
with me, and prove to be the typical I. ochroleuca,
but with flowers so large as to compare very well
with the large form of ochroleuca known as I.
gigantea.
I am surprised that I. Monnieri is not grown more
than it appears to be. To my mind its large full
golden-yellow flowers, freely produced, are most
handsome, and the plant is very useful, flowering so
late as it does, lasting even beyond I. Ksmpferi.
To those who delight in massive floral decorations I
would venture to recommend a sheaf of its golden
flowers and dark green sword-like leaves placed in
some large quaint vase.
The name was given to it because it was found
growing in the garden of a certain M. LeMonnier (so
at least Redoulc says), and its native country was long
unknown. It appears, however, to be a native of
Crete, having been found there by Sieber, and,
according to Boissier, of Rhodes. My stock came
from a plant kindly given me years ago by Sir
Joseph Hooker from the Kew collection, and it
certainly is the true plant, answering exactly both
to the description and figure given by Redoute. The
name Monnieri is often given I beiieve to a plant with
lemon-coloured flowers. What this latter is I cannot
say, as I have never possessed or flowered it ; but the
true Monnieri is of a full rich golden-yellow, and
diff'ers from I. aurea from the Himalayas, not so much
in colour as in the fact that in I. aurea the margins of
the blades of the falls are plaited or crumpled,
whereas in I. Monnieri they are even.
It is usually supposed that ochroleuca and Monnieri
need to be grown in a swamp ; nevertheless on my
dry chalk hill they find themselves quite at home, and
flower freely as soon as they get established. Like
all members of the spuria group, they are sturdy,
accommodating plants, and will learn to live and
thrive under the most diverse conditions. I say
" members of the spuria group " for the relations of
the two to the many forms of Iris which may be
spoken of under the general name of I. spuria (includ-
ing Giildensl.^dtii, &c.) are very close. And I have
recently had a very curious additional proof of this.
Four years ago I sowed some seed of ochroleuca,
which, as far as I knew, was not the result of any
cross-fertilisation. I lost a good many of the seed-
lings in changing my residence, but saved some eight
or nine. These flowered last year, and to my great
surprise there was not a typical ochroleuca among
them. They were all such plants as might best be
described by saying that they were tall, large-flowered,
pale blue, or slaty-coloured forms of spuria.
At the same time I also sowed some seed of Iris
Monnieri, which, as far as I could tell, was not
hybridised, though I imagine I had put some strange
pollen on some of the flowers. From this seed I have
a very large number of seedlings, some of which
flowered last year, and still more this year. Of those
which have flowered one is a typical Monnieri, just
like the parent, but the majority— one or two dozen-
are almost as typical ochroleuca. I say " almost " for
the following reason. Besides colour and perhaps size,
the chief difference between Monnieri and ochroleuca is
that in the latter the claw of the fall is proportion-
ately longer, and the crests of the stigma narrower
and more pointed than in the former, in which the
crests of the stigma are especially short and blunt.
Now, in these respects many of my seedlings were
intermediate between the two. Some dozen other of
the same batch of seedlings were very remarkable.
They had not the large, dark green, thoroughly
verdant spathe valves of Monnieri or ochroleuca, but
the smaller, narrower spathe valves of spuria, with
the tips and edges more or less scarious ; and the
flowers were smaller, more like spuria, and of a very
curious colour-a light lilac, mixed with yellow, or
yellowish-brown— z.iT., with Uinis AjracA's,' such as
are sometimes jokingly spoken of as " high art "
colours. Their peculiar appearance suggested that
they were hybrids between Monnieri and fetidissima
(plants of the latter were growing not far off the
parents) ; on the other hand they may have been
mere sports. I have since crossed, orattempted tocross,
Monnieri, both with fetidissima and with spuria and
ochroleuca, and if all goes well, shall in a year or two
have, perhaps, something more to say. At present I
am very much inclined to think that both ochroleuca
and Monnieri are mere varieties, perhaps even sports
of I. spuria.
I may add that my curious coloured seedlings,
though to my eyes mean and even ugly, have appeared
particularly charming to some of my visitors, who, I
suppose, have a more correct artistic appreciation than
I have. Af. Foster.
{To be continued.)
DIOTIS CANDIDISSIMA.
We have sent you some branches of this pretty
white seaside plant, which is highly effective both in
the border and for bedding out. It grows very bushy,
and the branches are densely covered with small
white leaves. By continual cutting the plant can be
kept quite dwarf, but the stalks, which have a ten-
dency to run, may also be brought in any desired
position. It belongs to the Compositse, produces
trusses of yellow flowers the second year, which
appear without rays, being closely surrounded by the
white involucre. Either in August or in the spring
the seeds may be sown in light soil, and the tender
little plants have soon to be transplanted in a some-
what sandy light soil, to be again transplanted in May
in the open ground. The plant is perennial, but it is
preferable to grow it from seed every year, the old
plants losing their graceful appearance by getting
bare in the centre. Dainmann ^ Co.^ Fortieth near
Naples. [A charming plant, with fragrant leaves. Ed.]
HEDGES USEFUL AND ORNA-
MENTAL.
When we consider that few improvements enrich
the general appearance of a country, or add more to
the value of its lands than well-managed hedges, we
cannot but feel surprised at the neglected state in
which many of these are still to be found. The
almost numberless acres of good land encumbered
with useless hedges is really astonishing, and would
hardly be credited unless by those who have had
some experience in the demolishing and uprooting
of the same. It is not at all uncommon to see farm
hedges as much as 6 feet in width that are useless as
fences, and serve no other purpose than a harbour
for game and all kinds of vermin. Why this state of
matters should exist is to be wondered at, and
no definite reason can perhaps be given, unless
that the expenses connected with uprooting the
hedges and planting, where necessary, others in their
stead is considered in advance of the benefits derived.
Probably the little trouble incurred, unless in the case
of an enterprising farmer, has much to do with this
neglect, but any trouble would certainly, in most
cases at least, be more than compensated for by
the extra ground reclaimed, not to speak of the im-
provements attained. The different railway companies
are certainly to be commended for the efficient manner
in which the hedges along their various lines are
managed, these not only receiving an annual trimming,
but as regularly a thorough cleaning of the adjacent
ground, which is highly beneficial to the welfare of
the plants. Hedges may be divided into two kinds,
useful and ornamental, or in other words those used
as fences for preventing the inroads of cattle, &c.,
and those for ornamental purposes, such as garden
and nursery divisions or other positions where strength
is not materially required. Hedges of the former
kind are usually made of the Hawthorn or quick,
and those of the latter of Privet, Laurustinus, Box,
Holly, Yew, Laurel, or, in fact, almost any shrub of
which sufficient quantity can be obtained, and for
which a fancy is contracted.
Preparation of the Ground.— In the forma-
tion of all hedges thorough preparation of the ground
intended to receive the young plants should be the
first and most important point. It should not only
be deeply trenched, but if possible left exposed to
the beneficial effects of a winter's frost. Where it is
required to form hedges on poor soils, such as those
with a gravelly or sandy subsoil, stiff clay or bog
earth, a little extra trouble and expense will require
to be expended. The latter soils should not only be
deeply trenched and well broken up, but receive a
liberal admixture of thoroughly decomposed manure
some time previous to planting the hedge. The soil
along the intended line of fence should be raised a
little above the general level of the surrounding
ground, which can easily be accomplished when
trenching, any inequalities of the ground being also
then attended to.
Planting. — As to the time of planting quicks, a
good deal must depend on the nature of the ground,
as well as state of the weather. Winter or early
spring planting should in all cases where practicable
be adopted, as the Flawthorn is one of the first plants
to appear in leaf, and by taking Nature as our guide in
this matter we cannot far err. Opinions vary much
as to whether a single or double line of quicks should
be planted, but in this a great deal must depend on
the position of the fence, and use for which it is
required. For general farm or plantation fences we
certainly prefer a double line of quicks, as the hedge
is not only stronger, but there is also a better chance
of getting up a good supply of young wood from the
bottom. The best plants for the above are those that
have been at least twice transplanted, preference
being given to strong, bushy quicks, rather than to
those of larger though weaker growth. In planting a
double row the line should be stretched along the
ridge, and a notch or trench taken out close to it, and
of sufficient depth to contain the roots of the plants.
These are then placed perpendicularly in the notch at 8
inches apart, and with their roots diverging from the
line, care being taken not to bury the plants deeper
than they were previously in the nursery. The line is
then run along at 6 inches from the row already put
in, and on the opposite side to that on which the roots
are spread, a notch taken out, and the planting pro-
ceeded with as before, at the same time placing the
plants in one row exactly opposite the spaces
AUGITST 25, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
233
in the other, and the roots diverging from the
line. Another and quicker method, where but a
single row is required, consists in running the line
along the prepared surface, and making a slight mark
with the spade as a guide to the planter, who, with
a boy to hold the quicks, proceeds in the following
manner : — Beginning at one end, the planter takes out
a spadeful of soil close to the mark, and throws it
aside ; in the hole thus made a plant is held by the
boy, the planter at the same time taking out another
spadeful, which he turns over as a covering for the
plant, and so proceeds until the fence is completed,
each spadeful of soil turned up by the planter leaving
a bed for the following quick. Cutting down newly
planted hedges, although in some cases highly bene-
ficial, is a dangerous practice, especially where
rabbits are numerous. When it is found necessary to
cut down newly planted hedges, which will only occur
where weak or straggling plants have been used, wire
netting should first be run along both sides of the
fence, and pegged 6rmly down.
The thorough cleaning of all hedges, more par-
ticularly newly planted ones, is a matter that cannot
be too seriously impressed on those having the
management of such work, as an accumulation of
grass and weeds is sure to injure the fence, the result
being failure instead of success. Except an annual
cleaning, and, perhaps, slight switching of the sides,
fences of this kind will require but little attention for
the first three or four years. No pruning of the
upward growths should take place until the fence has
attained the required height, after which the whole
hedge may be trimmed into proper shape. For most
fences the wedge shape is that usually adopted, and for
several reasons it is perhaps preferable to any other.
Few plants can be advantageously mixed with the
Hawthorn in the formation of these hedges where
strength and resisting powers are chiefly required ; of
these Beech and Holly are, perhaps, the best, Privet
being also used along with the quick, in the propor-
tion of two of the latter to one of the former.
Ornamental Hedges. — For shelter and orna-
mental appearance no hedge can surpass and few
equal a well-kept Vew. The poisonous qualities of
this plant, however, preclude its use in the formation
of farm fences, for which the strength and shelter it
afTord would otherwise be suitable. As a lawn
or nursery fence it is unrivalled, and though of
slow growth soon becomes so dense as to be almost
impenetrable even to birds. Unlike most other
hedge plants the Yew does not impoverish the ground
in its immediate vicinity, for on lifting a plant the
root will be found composed of a mass of fibres and
these, considering the size of the plant, are confined to
but little space. An equally pretty but less useful
hedge plant will be found in our common Box, which
is, however, more adapted for low fences, such as the
edging for walks or nursery drives, than where great
height and shelter are required. The Laurustinus,
though forming a beautiful hedge, is so apt to get cut
down during severe frost that, except in well sheltered
positions, its general use cannot be recommended.
For rapid growth, and as a screen fence, we find
nothing to equal the oval-leaved Privet. It cannot,
however, be recommended as a fence for cattle or
sheep, but from the close compact habit, light fresh
green colour, and adaptation to the pruning hook,
it will be found invaluable in most other cases. The
common Laurel is sometimes used as a hedge plant,
but although of strong growth, it generally presents a
naked and untidy appearance. We have seen the
American Arbor-vitje used as a hedge plant with
admirable eftect in well sheltered situations. In the
home nursery, where shrubs are grown extensively
for estate purposes, the following plants, as well as
those already mentioned, are of frequent use in the
formation of hedges— more perhaps for variety than
either use or beauty : — Aucuba, Hollies of different
kinds, Portugal Laurel, shrubby Spiraas, Lilac,
Weigela, Gorse or Furze, and we have also seen a
useful as well as highly ornamental fence of Lawson's
Cypress (Cupressus Lawsoniana). A. D. Webster,
Psnrhyn Castle, North Wales.
ONCIDIUM CANDIDUM,
This interesting and pretty Oncidium, the Palum-
bina Candida of Reichenbach, f., has recently flowered
at Kew, and as specimens were required for the
herbarium, I was led to examine the poUinia, which
has been differently described by different authors.
Lindley, in his FoUa Orchtdacea, Oncidium, No. 53,
thus describes the pollinia — " Pollinia quatuor, gemi-
nata caudiculis 2 cuneatis glandule circulari adnata ! "
And then adds — ** If the sketch before me is accu-
rate, this cannot be an Oncidium . . . but until the
plant shall have been re-examined, it is safest to leave
it where it stands." There is no specimen in Lindley's
He''^arium, but the sketch he alludes to as above
represents the pollen as he describes. Assuming this
structure to be correct. Professor Reichenbach founded
upon it the genus Palumbina in IValper^s Amiales^
vi., p. 699, thus describing the pollinia : — " Pollinia
depresso pyriformia postice fissa, caudicula secundaria
utrinque in tissuram ingrediente, caudicul?e lineari
accreta. Glandula rotunda." But in the Gai'deuers'
Chronicle for 1S65, p. 793, Professor Reichenbach
gives a different description, viz., " Caudicula pollinis
utriusque caudiculre tertian communi inserta."
In the plant which I have had the opportunity of
examining not one of the numerous flowers showed
any trace of sucH structure, nor do I understand what
been declared in Bentham and Hooker's Genera
Plantarum^ iti., p. 563, should be expunged from our
lists. N. E. Brown, J-ferbariuni, Kew.
LiNARiA SA\ATILIS is a neat and pretty rock
plant, similar in general appearance to L. alpina,
though slightly more erect in growth than that species.
The blossoms are very pleasing, being bright orange-
yellow. Plants of it are now flowering in the
nurseries of Messrs. Backhouse, York. A somewhat
dry sunny position is best adapted for its culture.
Fig. 35.— oncidium candidum : floral details.
is meant by secondary caudicles, or a third common
caudicle, certainly nothing of the kind is represented
in Lindley's drawing, and it would, therefore, appear
that Professor Reichenbach may have had only flowers
with monstrous pollinia ; or does the plant, or rather
do different individuals of the same plant (for in this
case there can be no question as to specific identity !)
vary in the structure of their pollinia? All the
flowers I examined had the pollinia as I have repre-
sented in my drawing (fig. 35), in which A and B
represent the flower front and side view, natural size ;
c, the column, with the sepals, petals, and lip cut
away, magnified 4 diameters ; d, the pollen masses
attached to a single caudicle with its gland, seen
from beneath, magnified 12 diameters ; E, the cau-
dicle, gland, and lower part of the pollen masses seen
from above magnified 12 diameters ; and f represents
a side view of the gland and part of the caudicle,
magnified 40 diameters.
It will be seen from this that there are but
two pollen masses united at their bases, and at-
tached to a single gland ; they are fissured on
the under side, and faintly keeled on the upper side
(I have made the keel rather too conspicuous, as
seen at e) ; the very thick gland is not round, as
described, but nearly rectangular in front view ;
behind it is hemispherically convex : the front viscid
portion, shaded dark in my drawing, is amber-brown,
the hind part being white. The structure I have
represented is very nearly as shown in the Botanical
Magazine, t. 5546, where this plant is well figured as
Palumbina Candida, and is that of a true Oncidium,
therefore the generic name, Palumbina, as has already
THE SPECIES OF TULIPA.— IX.
{.Continued from p. 169.)
Sub-genus Tulipa proper. — Stigmas sessile.
Section 5. Sylvestres, — Filaments with a tuft of
hairs at the base. Flowers always yellow or yellowish-
while.
The species of this section have been comparatively
little cultivated, and are of much less interest from a
horticultural point of view than those of any of the
foregoing. They may be divided into three groups
by the colour of the flower.
Group I. — Flowers bright yellow, flushed with green
on the outside. ,
46. T. syhestn's, Linn. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1202. —
This is a native of Britain, and is widely spread on the
Continent, and so familiar that I need not describe
it. Forms with two-flowered peduncles are not un-
common in cultivation.
47. T. fra^rans, Munby. — A native of Algeria,
which differs mainly from the last by its fragrant
flowers. It has not been figured.
4S. T. Bit-bcrstciniana, Schult fil. — A species
spread from Asia Minor and the south-east of Euro-
pean Russia through Siberia, as far east as Turkestan.
It is like sylvestris, but the habit is less robust, and
the flower smaller and more funnel-shaped. Here
belong T. Thirkeana of Karl Koch, and probably
also, as suggested by Boissier, my T. microgyna.
It has not been figured.
Group II. — Flowers bright yellow, flushed with red on
the outside.
49. 7. australis. Link. — Distinguished from syl-
vestris by its more slender habit, narrower leaves, and
more funnel-shaped perianth, I — I J inch long,
flushed with red on the outside. A native of Savoy,
France, Spain, Portugal, and Algeria. Here belong
T. Celsiana, DC. ; T. transtagana, Brotero ; T. macu-
lata, Roth ; T. Breyniana, Bot. Mag., tab. 717 ; and
T. alpestris, of Jordan.
50. T. gallica, Lois. — A doubtful species, inter-
mediate between sylvestris and australis. A native of
Provence.
51. T. htimilis, Herbert. — A dwarf species from
the mountains of Persia, closely allied to T. australis.
T. Buhseana, of Boissier, is the same, and T. cris
patula, of Boissier and Buhse, a variety with the
leaves crisped at the edge,
52. 7. Orphanidea,'&o\!,s.; Bot. Mag., t. 6310;
T. IMinervEe, and atheniensis, Orphanides.— Stature
of T. sylvestris, with three linear channelled leaves,
a long one-headed peduncle, and a bright yellow
perianth, two or three inches long, with acute seg-
ments, tinged with red on the outside. Anthers
oblong, \ inch long, not more than half as long as
the filaments. A native of the mountains of Greece.
It has no distinct scent, and flowers in England early
in May. There is also a figure in the Gartcnflora,
tab. 373.
Group III. — Flowers pale yellow or whitish inside,
tinged green or reddish outside.
53. T. primulina. Baker. — A near ally of T. aus-
tralis, of which it may be only a pale-flowered
variety. Fully described Card. Chron., n. s., vol.
xviii., p. 8. A native of the mountains of Algeria,
near Batna, at an elevation of 6000 feet about sea-
level. It has been drawn for the Bofanual Magazine
from specimens furnished by Mr. Elwes.
54. T. patens, Agardh ; T. tricolor, Ledeb., Bot,
Mag., t. 3SS7. — Bulb-tunics obscurely pilose inside
upwards. Stems 3 — 9 inches long, usually one,
rarely two-flowered. Leaves two or three, i — ^ inch
broad. Perianth oblong-funnel-shaped, J — i inch
long, whitish, with a yellow eye inside, tinged green
outside. Stamens half as long as the perianth,
anthers very small, oblong ; filaments pilose at the
base. Ovary ampullaeform ; stigmas small. Anative
of the mountains of Central Siberia at an elevation
above sea-level of from 1000 to 5000 feet,
55. T. biflora, Linn. ; Bot, Reg., tab. 535; Bot.
Mag., tab. 6518. — Bulb ovoid, the outer tunics woolly
inside. Stems \—\ foot long, with often two or
three, rarely four or five flowers. Leaves two or three,
not above \ — \ inch broad. Perianth oblong-funnel-
234
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, 1883.
shaped, J— J inch long, white inside with a yellow
eye tinged green outside, all the segments oblong and
acute. Anthers minute, oblong, shorter than the
flattened filament, which has a tuft of hairs at the
base. Ovary ampullaeform, with small stigmas. A
native of the Caucasus and mountains of Central
Siberia. A connecting link between the sub-genus
Orithyra and the true Tulips.
56. T. lHrkcslanica\ Regel, /■"/. Tnrkesl., p. 134,
tab. 21, figs. 1—4; Garicnflora, tab. 1050, fig. 2. —
A near ally of the last, from which it mainly difl'ers by
the long cusps of the valves of its capsule. It has a
small ovoid bulb, the outer tunics of which are densely
hairy inside, two falcate lanceolate leaves, and from
one to six flowers. We have received good dried
specimens at Kew, collected near Chiva by MM.
Korolkow and Krause.
57. T. cyctiia, Boiss. and Held. — A very dwarf
species, from the high mountains of Crete, figured in
Raulin's work on that island (tab. iS). Stems one-
heaSed, not more than 2 or 3 inches long. Leaves
two or three, lanceolate, crowded near the base of
the stem. Perianth funnel-shaped, f — i inch long,
whitish inside, tinged red outside, the segments ob-
lanceolate-oblong, acute, the inner broader than the
outer. Anthers oblong, very small ; filaments three
or four times as long as the anthers, densely bearded
at the base. Ovary ampulhxjform, with very small
stigmas. First collected by Sieber. Not yet intro-
duced alive.
58. T. /.o:^'>u-i, Baker.— A dwarf species from the
mountains of Palestine, discovered by Mr. Lowne
near the snow on the summit of Mount Hermon,
where it has also been gathered by Boissier and
Lortet, and by Mr. Hayne on the Lebanon range.
Stems not more than 2 or 3 inches long, one or two-
headed. Leaves two, lanceolate, falcate. Perianth
funnel-shaped, J— ij inch long, deeply tinted with
red outside. Anthers oblong, very small. Ovary
ampullreform, with very small stigmas. Not known
in England alive.
This ends the enumeration of the true Tulips,
y. G. Baker.
{To he conimned.)
NOTES OF A JOURNEY
THROUGH THE PROVINCES OF
KUEICHOW AND YUNNAN.
A VERY interesting account of a journey through
the provinces of Kueichow and Yiinnan has been
issued from the Foreign Office, from which the follow-
ing extracts are made : —
" Beyond the range of hills opposite ' Ch'ungk'ing,
one of the highest peaks of which is crowned by Blakis-
ton's ' Pinnacle Pagoda,' we enter a valley which, at
this season of the year, presents a surprising sight. The
Poppy is in flower, and one white field follows another,
relieved here and there by fields of purple. With the
exception of the plots reserved for the paddy, at present
submerged, and a few patches of Wheat, Barley, and
Rape, the whole of this valley and the hill-sides, where
culiivation is possible, are covered with the Poppy. I
am near the mark when I say that at least one-half of
this valley, which extends for miles, is given up to the
drug.
" Lao-ch'ang appears, at first sight, to be a place of
little importance, but it is the centre of this Poppy valley,
and the Lao-clr'ang opium has a reputation not inferior
to that of Yiinnan. The latter, say the Chinese, is more
satisfying Ifian the product of Ssfi-ch'uan. .'\s the
skipper of the junk in which I travelled from Tchang to
Ch'ungh'ing put it—and he was an inveterate opium-
smoker— 'One may smoke several pipes of Ssu-ch'uan
opium, but tliey will not give the satisfaction of one pipe
from Yiinnan.' The Chinese attribute the superiority of
the Lao-ch'ang opium to the soil of the valley, which is
of a red sandy colour.
" Scattered among the fields is the Wood-oil tree, in
full bloom. The fruit is ripe in the months of .\ugust
and September, and the oil prepared from it is exported
in large quantities to the various ports, where it is used in
the manufacture of paint, varnish, waterproofs, paper,
umbrellas, &-c. It is also used as lamp oil. "
This oil is apparently produced by Aleurites cordata.
Porter Smith says two forms are met with in Hupeh—
one the cold drawn, which is pale and thin, and is the
kind used for lamps as well as for varnishing furniture
and the better class of uinbrellas ; the other is thick
and of a dark colour, and is obtained by heat and
pressure : it is used for making putty and in caulk-
ing and painting ships and boats.
The best wood oil, it seems, comes to Hankow from
Shin-chan-Fu in Hunan. This oil is used in medicine,
in insanity, and in cases of metallic poisoning. It is
emetic, acro-narcotic, and drastic, and is applied to
ulcers, burns, bruises, &c. In consequence of its use
in shipyards its exportation was prohibited from
Hunan and Hupeh during the Taiping rebellion,
"Coffins were being carried in pieces towards
Ch'ungk'ing, and cotton from Ch'ungk'ing into the
interior. It required three men to carry one coftin, and
two men to carry a bale of cotton. The latter, said the
carriers, weighed from 160 to 170 catties, or over
200 lb.
"Paper in large quantities was being carried to
Ch'ungk'ing, for the most part of an inferior quahty,
manufactured from paddy straw and Bamboo, previously
reduced to the necessary consistency by being steeped
in hme. I have not had the opportunity of witnessing
the manufacture of foreign paper, but the Chinese method
is exceedingly simple. When the straw and Bamboo
have been steeped a sufficiently long time in hme, and
the latter completely squeezed out, the fibre is placed in
a stone trough full of water. The whole is then stirred
up, and a frame passed through it. On th&frame gathers
a film, which ultimately becomes a sheet of paper. This
refers to the coarser Chinese paper.
' ' ' Leaving the principal street of Kai-shih in a southerly
direction, we passed through several large fields of Poppy,
and the time being early morning, men, women, and
boj'S were busy collecting the juice that had exuded from
the capsules during the night. The juice that exudes
when the incision is made is of a creamy colour ; in the
morning it is a dirty brown, and later on it becomes
black. The incision is made with the points of brass
blades fixed in a wooden handle, and the juice is gathered
with a curved knife. The grower sells the juice at about
iro cash an ounce, or somewhat over 10 cents; and a
plot of ground from r6 to 20 yards long and 3 yards
broad will yield about 20 ounces of the raw drug, which,
however, dries down to half its original weight before it
is fit for consumption. I noticed that the capsiiles were
covered with a whitish dew, no doubt the result of the
eternal mists of the province, the admixture of which
with the juice is inevitable, and must necessarily detract
from the strength and value of the drug.
Beyond Yen-t'an the Poppy is less cultivated ; but the
hills around possess very little soil, and the dwarf Oak,
Fir, Wood-oil tree, and patches of Wheat have to
struggle for existence. The bottoms of the valleys are
mostly paddy ground. Coffins in the rude and in
pieces meet us many tiines a day on the backs of per-
spiring coolies armed with iron-shod Bamboos to help
them on their way, for a piece of a Chinese coffin is no
despicable weight.
' ' Beyond Lung-kang our road winds south along a
magnificent valley, the hills on either side well wooded
and little cultivated. The light green of occasional
patches of Wheat and of the shrub Oak blends with the
dark green of the Cypress, the Fir, and the Palm, while
the bloom of the Wood-oil tree here and there peeps out
from the darker fohage. Stately Firs and the Cypress
fine our path, and the wild Rose and the Honeysuckle
creep along the banks. The scent of the Firs in the early
morning and the sough of the breeze among their
branches teinpted us to tarry.
"We met to-day a tew carriers, with what at a dis-
tance appeared to be long white candles in large round
bundles, but I found on inspection and inquiry that they
were the pith of a plant grown in the province of
Kueichow. This pith is used principally in the manu-
facture of paper, wrongly called rice-paper, and of artifi-
cial flowers. The price of roo catties (13331b.) of the
pith laid down in Ch'ungk'ing is between 40 and 50 taels
from;frotO;^r3."
Probably the pith of Falsia papyrifera.
' ' For the last day or two I have noticed a wild Straw-
berry, small compared with the home berry, and declared
inedible, growing in abundance along the sides of the
highway. I asked one of my followers to eat one, as a
sort of experiment, and he had actually raised it to his
mouth, when I reflected I could not spare his invaluable
existence — he was my cook !
' ' The Wood-oil tree abounds, and here and there
Banyan and Pumelo trees afford welcome shade.
" Keeping the road whicii leads to Sung-k'an, we
descended ainid large quantities of die Wood-oil tree in
full bloom.
"From Sung-k'an to 'Itsin-chan we pass through a
series of wearisome valleys, containing the ordinary crops
just mentioned, the Poppy especially being prominent.
I noticed, however, that the capsule of this Poppy,
and more particularly that with the purple flower, is
more elongated, and has not the rounded, strong-looking
appearance of the capsule of the Poppy at Ssu-ch'uan.
"Crossing the vallley which we ascended yesterday
we continued our progress through the Poppy. For
some distance the crop was as good as the T'ung-tzu
Valley, but as we ascended and the valley contracted
the Poppy was stunted and inferior. Ultimately this
valley becomes a mere pass, and the hills on either side
not unfrequently attaining a height of 1500 feet above
It. The pass itself, according to my aneroid, was more
than 3000 feet above the level of the sea. A good view
is obtained from the top of the pass, the hills on either
side have been washed into fantastic shapes, and in
many cases bare rocks form their summits. As they
descend to the pass their sides are thickly covered with
trees and brushwood, while farther down the scanty soil
was here and there being planted with Beans.
"The road between Tsun-i and Hou-pa-ch'ang is
fairly level, and the Poppy is everywhere to be seen.
On either side of the latter place the valley is one mass
of Poppy, red, purple, and white. I notice, however,
that the capsules to each plant are fewer than in
Ssu-ch'uan.
" From Hsi-fiing, up a narrow Poppy valley, which
graduaUy widens out, our road is bordered by the wild
Rose, Bramble, and other shrubs, while the low hills
are covered with grass, Ferns, and shrub Oak. Many a
dark root, often charred, shows that they were once
covered with forests of sturdy Oak. We meet numbers
of carriers hurrying with loads of the la-ch'ung-tzil, or
white wax insect chrysalids, on their way from An-shun
Fu to the province of Hunan, where it appears the
white wax tree grows. The chrysalids were arranged
in long bamboo baskets, and the carriers did not feel
inclined to show them to me. When I forcibly detained
one carrier to have a look at his load he urged as an
excuse that, owing to the hot weather, there was a fear
that the insects might emerge from the chrysalids before
their arrival at their destination.
" And now a curious sight meets us. The patches of
Poppy, which increase in number as we near Ch'ing-
Chen Hsien, and which grow under its very walls, have
hardly a capsule remaining, and I began to think that
the local authority, in a fit of virtuous indignation, had
ordered the wholesale decapitation of the stems. But I
wronged him. The phenomenon was thus explained to
me : A ruthless storm of hail burst over the district on
the night of May 2, some of the hailstones, according
to my informant, weighing as much as 7 and 8 oz.
The city itself, no mean part of which is under cultiva-
tion, has also suffered severely ; roofs of houses have
fallen in, and tiles lie scattered about on the streets.
" The area over which the storm burst is estimated at
20 li in length and 20 h in breadth, and I myself traced
it west 6 miles. Fortunately along this road there is
little house property to destroy ; it is Umited to a few
wretched huts miles distant ; but the crops on the land
under cultivation, which is not one-fourtli of the whole,
have been completely destroyed. They consist of the
Poppy, Rape, Beans, Wheat, and Barley, and the poor
peasants, who till a few patches only, must suff'er severely
until the autumn. They were doubdess depending on
these crops until the paddy harvest. The bark and
leaves have been hacked off the trees and shrubs along
the high road as if with a blunt axe.
" As we entered the gate I noticed quantities of pith
being carried out ; and I learn that, although Kuei-
'hua Hsien is the chief producing district, the whole of .
the Prefecture of An-shun produces to a greater or less
extent. From Yang-sung we march westwards through
a well-cultivated valley. The light green paddy shoots,
the yellow Wheat and Barley, the dark green Poppy-
heads, with occasional white flowers, blend well in the
morning light. The wild Rose abounds along the road-
side, while the Bamboo, the Apricot, and other trees,
are seen on every side. The red soil lends a peculiar
character to the scene.
" I entered into conversation with the Bamboo hat
carriers, and found that each pony carries a lot of 360
hats ; that a hat in .'\n-shun Fu costs about i mace of
silver ; and on arrival at Yiinnan Fu about 3 mace. They
tell me that in ten journeys between An-shun Fu and
Yiinnan Fu, carrying goods either way, each pony re-
ahses its own value. It takes about a year to complete
the ten journeys.
' ' For some days I have been at a loss to account for
the peculiar growth of certain trees, the branches of
which are very short, but to-day I nodced the branches
being lopped off and tramped into the paddy-land as
manure, so that the short branches represent a year's
growth.
' ' Surmounting a few low, bare hills, we descended on
.Shih-pan-'ho, where we had to borrow a room, and send
a youngster in the house some distance to borrow a
table. The way in which these people live is astound-
ing. The rooms chockful of siuoke — for chimneys have
not yet reached these parts — the dog, the pig, and the
fowl, fraternising with the inmates, wlio are themselves
as dirty as any of the animals, tod one to wish for a
return to clean and comfortable quarters. Again, one
goes to sleep with an unesasy feehng, if one is lucky
enough to find quarters in a loft, for underneath the
opium-smoker, with his lamp burning only an inch or
two from his straw mattrass, gives himself up to the
enjoyment of the moment. A movement of the pipe
or a jerk of the arm has often caused conflagration.
' ' There can be no doubt that opium-smoking, among
AucusT 25, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
235
the lower orders at least, induces a neglect of personal
clcanlincs.s. Uf two followers deputed to accompany nic
on my journey one is an opiuni-smol:er, vind the other is
fond of Iii:i cups, both in moderation. While the fnrnicv
has to piy from 100 to 200 cash an ounce for his opium —
wlrch, let us say, by moderate smoking will last him live
days— the latter can have four cups of wine a day for 20
cish, or 100 cash for a five days' supply. Even if he
consumed this quanliiy, he has still an immense advan-
tage over his companion in an economical point of view.
Moreover, inunediately on arrival at our halting
place fur the night, the former is down with his opium-
pipe, wliilc the latter is always about and ready to per-
form any little service that may be required. The former
will go for days with unshaved head, while the latter Is
always neat and clean. 1 am not advocating moderate
drinking as .against moderate opium-smoking, but merely
recording an instance occurring under my personal
observation.
" At Ch'ing-sliin-kou wc came upon a factory — if a
small Iiouse of one small room may be so designated —
for the extraction of oil from the Poppy seed. The seed
is first crushed by a large stone roller running in a circular
stone bed, and is then made into round cakes, covered
with straw, and inserted in a press, at the top of which
wedge after wedge is hammered in until the oil has all
exuded. Fifty catties of Poppy seed produce 18 catties
of oil, of which 10 catties and the refuse seed — used as
manure — go to the owner of the seed, while the crusher
retains 8 catties of oil for his labour.
" I was witness to a curious superstition to-day. We
were caught in a drizzle soon after leaving Lai-fou-p'o,
and as the shower-clouds, with a rainbow, approached
us, my followers covered their mouths with their hats,
fearful of the poisonous vapours, which, they said, arc
given forth by rainbows. I was fool enough to laugh at
llieir superstition, and, as luck would have it, a few hun-
dred yards beyond I was sei?:ed with a sudden fit of
vomiting, which lasted some minutes. The laugh uas
turned the other way."
HYACINTH DISEASE.
Yellow sickness has been known as a disease lo
which Hyacintlis are subject for the last ten years, but
little has been discovered about it. In the autumn of
iSSi, through Mr. Krelage's kindness, I was first
enabled to study the disease in several stages of
development.
On cutting (in autumn) a slightly diseased bulb
quite across yellow dots are seen on the cut surface.
These dots are arranged in rows, and traverse the
scales in all directions, often penetrating into the
sheath (the shortened stem).
By microscopical examination of the section of such
a scale it is seen that the yellow places lie in the
vascular bundles and woody tissues ; in the latter the
cells are filled with a thick yellowish mucus ; some-
times they are partly dissolved in it, in which case the
rest of the spirals lie free in this slime. Moreover, it
will be seen that in places the whole of the woody
tissue has disappeared, and its place is taken by the
mucus.
Among the remains of the wasted tissues in the mucus
are found a multitude of bacteria, which agree in size
and form with Bacterium Termo ; they might well be
described, according to their peculiar manner of life,
as Bacterium llyacinthi. As long as they are im-
beddeil in the mucus they are apparently motionless,
but on being diluted with salt solution (0.75 per
cent. Na CI) they stir about actively, and I have often
seen them in the act of division.
On studying Hyacinths at the time of flowering,
.ilso in spring, the disease is seen in another form. In
numerous specimens the leaves appear yellow. The
bacteria are also found massed together in the yellow
slime and imbedded in the woody tissues. In the
lowest part of the leaf they proceed out of the cells
into the intercellular space of the parenchyma, con-
sume this, and arrive at last outside by the bursting
of the epidermis.
As in such plants it is principally the bulb and its
oulcr scales (the b.ise of last year's leaves) that are
diseased, it is probable that they were impregnated in
the previous year, and now the propagation of the
disease is easily elTected by those bacteria that have
reached the outside world.
Amongst these fully diseased specimens soine may
be found (more numerous) in which only the points of
the leaves are attacked, while the bulbs still appear
completely sound. The mucus is then found in the
intercellular spaces of the parenchyma of the leaf, but
always in trifling quantities only. The points attacked
shrivel up, and it is easily seen how the bacleiia
spread from the rows of dead cells in the shrivelled
places and allow themselves to be pushed downwards.
This makes it clear that this disease is caused by
bacteria, and that it is propagated by the wind, or
other agents, when the bacteria have come to the sur-
face through the cracks in the epidermis. I'urther
communications on this subject I reserve for the pre-
sent.
The Black Canker. — Numeious cultivated
tubers and bulbs become attacked by black canker —
Hy.acinlhs, Scillas, Narcissi, Anemones, for instance.
Disease is manifested by premature withering of the
leaves, and often by failure of the flowers. In the
subterranean parts of the attacked plants is found a
richly developed mycelium, which in the summer
begins to form small black, often blending, sclerotia,
but the true nature of the latter is not yet accurately
determined. Their relationship with I'eziza has been
recognised by I'rank,* although they bear no fruits.
Now it is still an open question whether the diseases
of these ditierent species are produced from the same
fungus, or whether each species has its own peculiar
parasite or so called "Black Canker." The deci-
sion of these questions is important from its bearing
on cultivation ; for instance, whether Hyacinths can
be planted with impunity in a bed in a garden from
which Anemones have been removed attacked with
" Black Canker."
In the summer of 1SS2 I received from H. Krclage
a number of so diseased Hyacinth bulbs. They were
thickly covered with the sclerotia of this fungus.
These bulbs were immediately planted in pots, and
kept very moist. In February, 1SS3, in each of these
pots a clear brown I'eziza had grown from the scle-
rotia, and which was frequently still attached to it.
Sometimes I saw two or three proceed from one scle-
rotium, and I had already received similar I'ezizas
from Haarlem on Scilla.
In size and form the cups, asci, spores and para-
physes agree with those figured by Kehm t under the
name of Peziza ciboriodes, Fr., as a parasite on
different species of Clover. Also the formation of
the tciiiiSili!aih!ic, as well as that of the sporidia,
proceeds in a similar manner. Morphologically,
also, they may not be distinguishable.
Whether this is so from a biological point of view I
will seek to determine by experiment. I hope later on
to be able to give information on the spread of the
diseases, and the causes that regulate the infection.
//en- lVa/;ker on the Diseases of //yaanlhs, from
" Bolanisc/ie Ccntrallilatt," 1883,/. 315.
PAPAVER UM15R0SUM
FLORE-PLENO.
Permit us to add a few words to the note on
I'apaver urabrosum at p. 14S. In our grounds, both
close to the sea and at a distance off, this magnificent
Poppy, though properly speaking a mountainous
plant, succeeds extremely well, and is largely culti
valed. We sow the seeds pretty thickly, like Godetia
and Silene, without covering it with soil. The bed
must be kept slightly but constantly moist, and every
grain will grow quickly and surely. In October,
when the Portulaccas are over, and have been cleared
oli, we use the land for the winter culture of the
Poppy, transplanting the small plants of hardly half
an inch in height at a distance of about iw foot apart.
Care must, however, be taken to plant them with a
ball, which is best attained by lifting a number
together. In March they commence flowering, and
last through several months.
Of this Papaver umbrosum we have raised a double
variety of great beauty, which we shall offer seeds of
this year. Its flowers are taller, and doubled in a
dilTerent manner from those of the other Papavers, the
stamens being changed into small tongue-shaped
petals, each of which carries the corresponding black
blotch. The culture is the same. We also cultivate
a variety with a whitish blotch. Papaver umbrosum
and its forms produce highly developed and surely
germinating seeds with us. Daitiinatin cr^ Co,^
Portici, near NafUs.
' Frank, KrankJieitcn tier Pjlaitztn^ p. 543.
\ Enlwuklurt^sgesthic^ie eities die Kheatten 2ersiO'rc!ideit
FiUii. Gultingen, iS;?,
THE SOUTHERN ALPS OF NEW
ZEALAND.
The botany of a British colony cannot fail to be of
interest to the readers of the Ganieiurs' C/troni.le,
and I, therefore, send an account of a recent trip
undertaken by me for the purpose of collecting living
plants required to supplement the extensive collectiun
of native plants grown here. As European readers
are but little acquainted with the topography of New
Zealand, it may be as well to give a few particular-.
This, the south island of New Zealand, extends
from north-east to south-west, about 500 miles from
Cook's Straits on the north, to Bluff Point, or South-
west Cape, on the south. Throughout the whole
length of the island, but generally to the west of Ihe
centre, runs a great mountain chain, called by
Captain Cook the Southern Alps, and varying in
width from 30 to 60 miles, and reaching the height o
I2,3fio feet in the Peak of Mount Cook in the
southern part of the province of Canterbury. Heights
of Sooo— 10,0000 feet are common near Mount Cook,
and in other parts of the island there are peaks not
much inferior. On the upper slopes repose immense
fields of snow, and gigantic glaciers far surpassing
anything known in the European Alps, are quite
numerous, the largest of them — the Great Tasman
Glacier near Mount Cook — being iS miles long and I J
mile wide. I believe that until lately this was believed
to be the largest glacier in the world ; but recent dis-
coveries in Thibet have brought to light some larger
ones. However, the ice-fields of New Zealand are
large enough to indicate the presence of intense cold,
and as this cold region of New Zealand is very
extensive, English horticulturists will readily under-
stand that it must contain many hardy plants suited
for cultivation in England. In this province the
great alpine chain lies much to the west of the
island's centre, leaving on the west the narrow strip
of forest-covered country forming the county of West-
land, and on the east large masses of downs and the
extensive plains known as the plains of Canterbury,
which annually grow some 6,000,000 of bushels of
wheat for British consumption.
In the northern parts of the province there are
several depressions in the range, over which run
passes from the east to the west coast, and through
one of these, known as Arthur's Pass, at the head of
the river Waimakariri, a good coach road has been
formed. This road will be found marked on any
good map of the colony. Having frequently botanised
along the Arthur's Pass route I propose to present
your readers with a botanical section across the island,
trusting that the information given may be of some
service to those of your readers who may be cultivating
New Zealand plants or to those who may be de-
sirous to do so.
Leaving the city of Christchurch in the early morn-
ing we proceed to the railway station on the outskirts
of the town, and obtain a ticket for Springfield, the
terminus of the railway system in the westerly direc-
tion, and 44 miles from the city. The whole of this
distance is across the Canterbury plains, apparently a
dead level, but really having a gradual but constant
rise towards the west. It would be difticult to find
in any temperate country a more dreary or uninterest-
ing scene than these plains presented a few years ago.
I'^xcepting near the coast the plains showed nothing
but a vast expanse of level grassy ground covered
almost everywhere with a wiry brown tufled grass,
called the Tussack (Poa c.Lspitosa, Forst.), and an
occasional group of that peculiar endogenous tree,
Cordyline australis. End. (C. Forsteri, F. Muell.),
known here as the Cabbage tree. A few small
species of Raoulia, Cotula, iic, formed with the
grasses the principal part of the vegetation of this
part of the province excepting where the numerous
rivers, running in wide shingly beds, brought down
a few subalpine shrubs to enliven the scene. Since
the settlement of the province, however, the scene
has rapidly changed. Instead of the barren looking
Tussacks we have wide fields of waving grain, beau-
tifully green enclosures of English grasses with
numerous homes of enterprising settlers surrounded
by fine plantations of English, American, and Aus-
tralian forest trees, and here and there the spire of a
church shows where townships are springing up.
Leaving the train at Springfield we proceed along
a good road up the valley of the Kowai River. On
our left are the Malvern Hills which are rapidly be-
coming celebrated for their extensive coal seams,
which are now being vigorously wcrked. The coal is,
236
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[AuuusT 25, 1883.
however, a brown coal, of only moderate quality. In
front of us is a portion of the main range, which here
divides into two but unites again a little further south.
Along the road here we found the first subalpine
vegetation in the shape of a very beautiful Gentian,
G. saxosa var. corymbosa, which is very plentiful
among the Tussacks ; the pretty white trailer Pimelea
prostrata, the pretty little annual Eyebright, Euphrasia
antarctica ; and a small species of Coprosma with
large white berries. To our right towered the moun-
tain known as Mount Torlesse (6434 feet altitude),
with its numerous peaks offering a rich collecting
ground to the botanist. On account of the dryness of
the climate on the eastern face of the Canterbury Alps
there is comparatively little forest on this side, and
what there is consists almost entirely of Fagus Cliffor-
tioides. The Rimu, Dacrydium cupressinum, Podo-
carpus ferruginea, and a few of the commoner trees of
the colony, such as Panax arboreum and Pittosporum
tenuifolium, together with the numerous species of
Coprosma, which almost everywhere in this colony
form the major portion of the underwood.
After crossing the river Kowai four times we cameto
the foot of Porter's Pass, which, situated in a depression
between Ben More (5500 feet) on the south, and
Mount Torlesse onthe.north, constitutes the first climb
on the road from Christchurch to Hokitika. The
road winds gradually round the side of a projecting
spur and ascends considerably over 1000 feet, or about
2 miles. Being a mail-coach road it is kept in
splendid condition, but its steepness is such that
horses can only proceed at a snail's pace. On reach-
ing the top (3060 feet) we were able to do a little col-
lecting, for here grow abundance of some of our best
alpines : prominent among them are several species of
the beautiful genus Celmisia, the species of which are
an important feature of the botany of these great
mountains. One of the most desirable is the "Blunt-
leaved Spaniard," C. Lyalli, forming elegant tufts of
narrow green leaves with numerous fine pure white
flowers, I — 2 inches across. C. spectabilis, with
broader darker leaves and smaller flowers, is equally
common.
To the right. Mount Torlesse rises 3500 feet above
the pass, and is almost covered with alpine vegeta-
tion. The soil is a peculiar one, consisting principally
of rock debris gradually being reduced to dust by the
action of the melted snow. In this, which is at all
times quite moist, most of the plants seem to grow
well, but, on a large extent of the mountain, a thin
layer of fibrous peat has been formed by the decay of
successive generations of plants. It is on these peaty
spots that the finest specimens are found. Ascending
the mountain, we first notice a curious looking um-
belliferous plant which is very abundant here
especially in stony places, and which looks just like a
tuft of soldiers' bayonets with the points uppermost.
This is the " Wild Spaniard " of the shepherds,
Aciphylla Lyalli, its sharp pointed leaves are capable
of inflicting a nasty wound, and not unfrequently
receive the blessings of the unwary. Often it covers
large tracks of country, and forms a formidable im-
pediment to the horseman. A prickly shrub not
uncommon about here is the " Wild Irishman," so
called on account of its troublesome spines (Discaria
toumatou). In the wild state this shrub generally
presents a dried-up appearance, but in cultivation it
not unfrequently becomes a handsome shrub, produc-
ing its pretty white flowers in profusion. In the
damper places a nice little Ranunculus, R. Monroi, is
not uncommon ; it is about 6 inches high, and has
fleshy ovate leaves covered with soft brown hairs, and
small bright golden-yellow flowers. Amongst shingle
grew another peculiar Buttercup, R. Haastii, with
most curious fleshy glabrous multifid leaves, coming
from a thick root-stock buried deep in the shingle.
A fine biennial Gentian of very stout habit, with
white flowers, G. pleurogynoides, is plentiful, and
might do well in England. J. B. Armstrong, Botanic
Gardens^ Christchurch, Kenu Zealand.
(To be continued.)
ORNITHOGALUM ARABICUM.
The very characteristic figure published in your
number for May 26 will certainly again draw the
attention of many of your readers to this valuable
bulb. To the general recommendation we wish to
add that not only Spain and the Levant seem to be
its native country, but that it grows wild also in
several parts of Italy. It will be found in Sicily,
Sardinia, and Corsica, and even in the small islands
of Pantellaria and Ustica. It is included among the
few Liliacese contained in the Ftora Vesiiviana. We
have seen it on the lava near Pompeii, and it is also
found on the old walls of Cumse, in the Gulf of Bajae.
It is further common in the vicinity of Palermo and
Messina, but only in rather inaccessible spots now, as
this lovely flower has almost been extirpated by being
taken to the gardens. In Naples the market gar-
deners cultivate this bulb in pots, and offer it under
several names ; for instance, Giglia di S. Restituta, it
being particularly dedicated, as is also the Pancra-
tium maritimum, to the above mentioned saint. It
will also be found near Lisboa, in the Canary Islands,
and in Algiers and Egypt. The range of this species
is therefore very extended.
The bulb itself resembles that of a white-skinned
Roman Hyacinth ; it produces bright green leaves
as early as October, and flowers in February, or later,
according to the mode of cultivation. It is very
sensitive to cold, and the slightest rime kills leaves
and flowers. Not too moist a soil will answer best
for its culture, and we succeed very well in cultivating
it in our dry and ashy grounds. For pot culture we
would suggest a light and somewhat loamy soil. The
bulbs must be planted in August ; they vegetate until
May, and require to be absolutely undisturbed for
several months. We take them out and replant them
every year. Dammann &^ Co., Portici, near Naples,
Vegetation of the Andes. — The assertion
that lichens grow at greater elevations than other
plants, followed in descending order by mosses and
grasses, and that no phanerogam attains so great an
elevation as that we had reached (4500 metres), is
incorrect. I gathered at an altitude of nearly 6S0
metres a grass, a leguminous plant, which seemed to
me allied to Astragalus, and the famous Sida Pichin-
chensis of Bonpland, opening its pretty lilac corollas
near the snow. Ed. Andre', " Le Tour du Monde,"
f, 409-10.
After the Fight. — I do not think that it is pos-
sible to conceive a greater contrast than that which
exists in the Rose-loving world, in the short space of
one month — between, let me say, June 25 and
July 25. At the former time all is bustle and
preparation ; every exhibitor, even the coolest, is in a
feverish state of excitement. Will his Roses be in ?
and will they be in good form ? How will it show
this year ? Will his Roses be up to the mark ? Who
will win the Challenge Cup? What sort of a show
will there be at the National ? These and a number
of questions of a similar character are on everybody's
(that is, every Rose-body's) lips. To get a Rose grower
at such a time to attend to anything else would be as
hopeless as to get a probable owner of the winner of the
Derby to attend to business the day before the blue
ribbon of the turf is to be run for. But how changed on
the latter date 1 Each man has then fought, and won,
or lost, as the case may be ; his trees are put on one
side ; his Roses are not neglected, but the fattest
buds of a Marie Baumann or an A. K. Williams are
regarded with comparative inditTerence ; he is ready
to talk about the moors — about his holiday trip —
about the state of trade — about anything in fact ; he
has his say about the past, makes excuses for his
failures — the weather, as usual, because it can't reply,
bearing the chief brunt of his displeasure. If success-
full — well, it is because he has grown on the seedling
Briers, on own roots, on Manettis, according as he
favours each ; or, as some have had the gallantry to
say, because their wives were in very deed helpmates
to them, and frequently put a little soupcon of self-
gratulations that they managed so well. Those who
have failed, like a gardener of my good father's, who
was no great hand at his work, and who, when he
came out, as he frequently did, not with flying colours,
but with arms reversed, would always say, "Dear
, next sayson we'll beat them all to fits." Those
who have won look forward to maintain their posi-
tion, and hope to do even better next year, and a
quiet calm has settled down on the Rose world in
general.
At the end of August, then, we may, with some
probability of getting a hearing, look back on the past
season and answer some of the questions which
agitated the rosarians' minds awhile ago. Previous
to the commencement of the Rose season there were
very different opinions expressed, one writer going so
far in one direction as to say that he did not see where
a good Rose was to come from this year, and giving
the most deplorable account of the state of Roses in
his district ; on the other hand many (myself amongst
them) stated our belief that it would be, unless some-
thing unforeseen occurred, the best Rose season we
had had for many years. We all know how difficult
it is to get an impartial judgment in such matters:
some rosarians gave their opinion, in a contemporary,
of the National Rose Society's Exhibition at South
Kensington, and those opinions were as wide as the
poles asunder. One writer asserted that it was the best
exhibition the Society had ever had since that held at
St. James' Hall in 1877— another that it was the worst
that it had ever held, and another that it was far supe-
rior to it. I have no doubt that some of these opinions
are regulated much (unconsciously to themselves) by
the success or non-success of the writers as exhibitors,
while others are influenced by some of those causes
which afflict our common humanity. I am not an
exhibitor, and therefore I am free from one element of
partiality, and on looking back at the results of the
season I without any hesitation assert, as my decided
opinion, that, while the very unsettled weather of
July sadly interfered with the Roses and with Rose-
shows, 1883 was, in an exhibition point of view,
the best Rose season that we have had for many years —
recalling, as one of our largest growers and most suc-
cessful exhibitors has said, the best Rose seasons of
the past.
Extensive as was the show at South Kensington in
1882, the number of exhibits was considerably ex-
ceeded by that of 1883. Previous to the exhibition it
was considered a disadvantage to have so large a tent
— which is commonly called " the wolf," from its
enormous capacity of absorbing plants and flowers — but
as the event proved it was not large enough [as
arranged for the Rose show] to contain all the
boxes of Roses sent, and they overflowed into
the long tent, a considerable portion of which was
occupied by them. The number of exhibitors had
largely increased, and it was noteworthy that there
were no stands of what one would say as used to be
the case formerly : — " I wonder what this man must
have thought exhibition Roses were." The same has
held good at the various shows that I have attended
throughout the country, and they are not a few.
There has been a gradual increase in the standard of
excellence, and while, perhaps, there have been
seasons when some grand stands of bloom have been
exhibited, there has never been one where a general
excellence of quality has been so conspicuous.
Exhibitors go about to more shows, and they have
seen that what would have satisfied them a few years
ago will not do so now. This has also been con-
siderably helped by the wise practice which most of
our provincial Rose societies have adopted of offering
prizes for all comers, and of sufficient value to tempt
our large growers to compete. Roses of the first
quality are then seen, and an exhibitor has to make
up his mind that he must endeavour to equal them.
In the above remarks I have had especial reference
to the hybrid perpetuals, and whatever difference of
opinion there may be about their excellence, there
can, I think, be no second opinion about that most
lovely section of Roses, the Teas ; nothing has been
more remarkable than the advance made in their
culture during the past few years. This I attribute
in great measure to two causes — the introduction (for
however sparsely they may have been used before, it
must be called so) of the seedling Brier as a stock.
Formerly the Manetti was used, and as a conse-
quence the more delicate young varieties were unable
to contend with the vigour of the foster-parent and
succumbed ; but this stock (or the Brier cutting) suits
them so well that all kinds flourish on it. Another
cause has been partly indeed connected with this —
that it has been found that they are (many of them at
least) as hardy as the hybrid perpetuals ; that after a
severe winter those grown as dwarfs have not
suffered a bit more than such kinds as Horace Vernet,
Xavier Olibo, Marie Baumann, E. Y. Teas, &c.; and
so many amateurs, who before never dreamt of grow-
ing them, have gone in largely for their culture, and
so well have they succeeded that they have quite
equalled the stands shown by the growers for sale.
If any one will recall the amateur stands of
three or four years ago, and compare them with
those shown this year, he will be forced to the con-
clusion that, both in number and quality, the
advance has been remarkable. There were many
stands shown this year, which were not even placed,
August 25, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
237
that a few years ago would have been considered good
for a first place ; and here let me say that it is most
fervently to be hoped that nothing will be done to
alter their character. I think I see signs of the intro-
duction of a race which is more full and less elegant
than the type of beauty to which we have been accus-
tomed. I do not believe that any advantage will be
gained by getting high coloured or heavy formed
flowers ; we do not want anything better in form than
Anna Ollivier, Rubens, or Souvenir d'EIise ; and
while we can get the requisite shades of colour, of
white, flesh colour, and yellow, that prevail in these
gladdened us. I am writing now at the end 01
August, and I can any day go into my small rosery
and gather as fine Roses as I have done in the true
Rose season, while Teas are in great profusion, espe-
cially on those plants which I cut back hard in the
spring. I have just been to one of the finest pro-
vincial autumn shows in the kingdom — Taunton —
and the stands of Roses exhibited by Messrs. Keynes
& Co., of Salisbury, were the very finest I have ever
seen at an autumn show ; the flowers were not only
in character, which is a very unusual thiug, but^were
large and of good colour.
Fig, 36. — EQUISETUM GIGANTEUM.
and in Comtesse de Nadaillac, Madame Lambard,
and others, we may be perfectly satisfied. [For the
present. Ed,]
In these observations I have hitherto regarded the
Rose season as it affected exhibitors, but there is a
large number of growers who, like myself, never
exhibit a Rose ; and what has been the season for us,
nay, what is it, for it is not yet over ? I have no
hesitation in saying that it has been one of the most
enjoyable ones that we have had for many
years. The weather has been for us simply perfect,
the alternating of dull and sunshiny days, the occa-
sional showers of rain, have kept the foliage fresh
and developed the production of buds ; mildew has
not been so prevalent, and a continuous bloom has
New Roses have not been abundant, but I hope to
refer to them at another time ; indeed, the excellence
to which the flower has attained seems to leave little
room for further improvement. Wild Rose,
Climbing Roses. — Any one has only to grow or
see these to be charmed with their beauty, as they
have a grace and freedom about them unapproached
by the others, especially when planted in the right
places, where they can find support for their branches
and look natural, as they do up thin spare trees like
old gnarled Oaks, or on open fences or iron guards,
which they furnish and adorn the whole summer
through. For running up trees there are few, if
any, better than the old Aim(Se Vibert, as it not only
travels very fast, but Is one of the most ftoriferous of
all Roses, sending out, as it does, huge clusters of
lovely pink and white blooms that last a long time in
perfection. In sheltered and favoured spots the
Banksians, both yellow and white, do well, and often
flower much more freely than they do on walls, where
in most cases they get more pruning than is good for
them, and consequently lose the young shoots or
wood on which the blossoms come, as they always do
in great quantity when the plants are left pretty much
to themselves. Another Rose that is grand for the
same kind of work is Gloire de Dijon, which is so
hardy and so robust in habit that it will flourish
almost anywhere, and hold its own under the most
adverse circumstances, as it is patient when subjected
to the knife, and restriction to bring it to the form of
a bush or standard, but takes the first opportunity to
start away with a big strong shoot, and strike up to
lead a new and exalted life among its more lowly
compeers. The Marechal Niel, if he were but hardy
enough for climbing trees, would be simply magni-
ficent, with its large yellow blooms hanging down so
gracefully; and being so deliciously scented, the air
would be filled with sweet odour. Solfatere does well
outdoors, but requires a warm position, as does also
Climbing Devoniensis, which is a veritable rambler,
sending out, when planted in soil that suits it, shoots
much stouter and thicker than one's thumb, that run
out 10 to 15 or more feet in length. To get these
Roses established quickly it is necessary to have
strong plants and to enrich the ground liberally and
plant them a fair distance from the bole of the tree,
as there they are more away from the roots, and get
the benefit of any rain that may fall. J. S.
GIGANTIC EQUISETUM.
Our illustration (fig. 36) is copied from a woodcut
published in M. Andre's narrative of his travels in
Equatorial America, now in course of issue in the
Totir dii Monde. M. Andr^ tells us how near San
Florencio, not far from the base of the volcano of
Corazon, he came upon marshy ground where the
water surged up at every step. Here the track was
through a forest of weird trees, recalling the huge
Calamites and Lepidodendrons to whose decay we
owe our coal-fields. The trees— for such they must
be called— were Horse-tails (Equisetum giganteum),
the big brothers of the common Horse-tails of our
woods and fields, but here assuming a height of more
than 16 feet. A traveller traversing such a forest
might well imagine himself relegated for the time to
the carboniferous epoch.
Zermatt.— It is curious to see over what a
restricted area the Vine is king. Between Boulogne
and Paris no territory acknowledges its sovereignty.
It is an affair ol soil and of climate, the sandy dunes
near the coast acknowledge as their king the creeping
sand grass, Elymus arenarius, while Pasmma arenaria
and Euphorbia Paralias act as courtiers. But King
Elymus will be dispossessed, and another will reign
in his stead— that other will be the Pinaster, always
providing that a succession of hard winters do not, as
they threatened to do a year or two ago, make short
work of even so hardy a tree as the Maritime Pine,
Beyond these Pine ■ barrens one enters upon
the fat pastures of the Somme, and here it is
difficult — at least, from the railway carriage
window — to say what is king ; certainly it
is no sand grass— equally certain it is neither
Pine nor Vine. I incline to think peat is king
here — not that peat which, duly admixed with
silver-sand, is the gardener's treasure, but that sour,
half soapy looking stuff which the peasants dredge
up from the bottoms of the ditches, shape into brick-
like masses, and pile up in stacks to dry for the
winter's consumption of fuel. If that is not king, or
if a live king be preferred to one that is dead, then I
should say the Poplar is king— the Canada Poplar,
which forms high trees, often heavily weighted with
Mistleto, and which often form the dot for Mdlle,
Marie when she takes to herself a husband. When
Marie was born a few Poplars were planted, each has
increased in value, say, only a franc a year, but this
represents a goodly sum by the time Mdlle. Marie is
prepared for her noces.
When we get beyond the peat and the Poplars of
the Somme, and enter upon the drier calcareous dis-
238
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, 1883.
trict between Amiens and Paris, no signs of royalty
show themselves. If one confined one's observation
solely to the railway banlts one would say Robinia
pseudacacia was king, for it is grown in such situa-
tions throughout France from west to east, and from
north to very far south. Since Cobbett's time this
so-called Acacia has not been much prized for timber
in England, although it grows rapidly, and no tree
forms heartwood more quickly, but in France they
seem to have found out that its creeping roots are
good ihings to keep up sloping railway banks. Such
at least is, as I suppose, the reason why from the Pas
de Calais to the department of the Doubs, from
Picardy to Provence, one finds the Robinia a
constant companion of the railroad track. It
is noteworthy, too, how many varieties in foliage
and habit one may see, and, in particular,
the yellow-leaved varieties flash in the sun like
burnished gold.
Beyond Paris, on the road here, there is still no
king of plants to be seen. The liclds are hedgeless
and fenceless, and of as many colours as there are
crops— and the crops are manifold. The ]'"rench
farmer hereabouts obviously does not put all his eggs
into one basket. The forest of Fontainebleau is a
mixed one, and oh ! so tempting for a stroll ; but the
Geneva express allows of no strolling. If, by the
way, the forest of Fontainebleau were in Swiss terri-
tory, one might have a pleasant ramble between the
time of arrival and the time of departure of the train
at any given station ; but the French railway authori-
ties are, to some extent at least, imbued with the
notion that the traveller's great desire is to "push on."
But this is a digression. It is not till Fontainebleau
is passed that the Vine appears. First you see him
trained and throttled upon trellises and white-washed
walls, duly provided with a shelving coping overhead.
Evidently he cannot run alone yet, and the Chasselas
of Thomery has to all intents and purposes to be
coddled.
Whether the Phylloxera has got hold of him
here I know not, but if so, the cost of those little
blobs of sugared water, which are so grateful to a hot
and parched palate, will go up. AMittle further east,
as the train advances towards that dreary plain of
ceiitral France, the Vine may be seen gradually
asserting itself, first in lines between the Currant
bushes or the French Beans, and not allowed to ex-
ceed them in height ; then so advancing in dignity as
to be thought worthy of a patch all to itself, but still
in the midst of Cabbages and other herbage of low
degree. By-and-bye these patches become bigger,
the Currant bushes, the Beans, and the Cabbages dis-
appear, the Vine has ousted them, and, as we go on,
first the southern sunny slopes and then both slopes
and plains are given up to Aines and nothing but
Vines. The \'ine is king, and there is none to ques-
tion his supremacy. How he is grown and what he
looks like here at headquarters has often been told in
these columns.
No one who has seen an English vinery or an Eng-
lish Hop garden need feel in the least degree anxious
to see the Vine at home — on the score of the pictur-
esque, that is — for he is much better worth seeing in
the vinery at Chiswick than in any vineyard in France,
or in Italy either, for that matter, notwithstanding the
artists. It is easy, however, to over-estimate the
dominions of His Majesty. This particular line of
route traverses Burgundy, and the traveller from Dijon
to beyond Macon sees little else but \'ines, and might
imagine the whole country given up to them. But it
is in reality only certain favoured districts wherein the
Vine is really king. On the sunny slopes of the Cute
d'Or he holds high court, and Macon, Nuits, Pomard,
Chambertin, Vougeot testify, as of old, to the super-
lative excellence of the produce.
But let the traveller reach Dijon by another line ot
railway, as I did on the return journey, and he will
scarcely see more Vines than he would do in the
environs of Paris ; so that the dominions of King
Vine are, after all, rather restricted. It is probable
that that wretched pest, the Vine-louse — that intoler-
able scourge according to the Vine grower's estimate
— that beneficent reformer according to the tea-
totallers — has, or will still further curtail, the
dominions of King Vine, as it certainly has done to a
large extent in other departments of France.
From what I learnt in the neighbourhood of Dijon,
the Phylloxera was not spreading in that immediate
neighbourhood, partly because the climate was deemed
unpropitious to its multiplication, partly because it is
kept in check by the free use of bisulphide of carbon
and other insecticides — a process which, properly
carried out, is found to be efficacious, but which very
materially enhances the cost of production.
Whether or no the practice now so largely adopted
in the South — that of grafting the Vines upon American
stocks, which are not destroyed by the Phylloxera —
is adopted to any extent in the Burgundy district, I
had no opportunity of ascertaining. How necessary
some measures of precaution or cure may be, received
a forcible illustration from a fact related to me by
M. Weber, the intelligent Curator of the Dijon
Botanic Garden. That gentleman, careful of the
interests of the cultivators in whose midst he lives,
and anxious to prove to them that a botanic garden
might be practically useful, had collected together no
fewer than 1000 varieties of Vines for comparison and
study.
These were all grown together in a bed at
the foot of a long wall extending along one whole side
of the garden. Of these not one now remains —
the Vine louse has been strictly impartial, he has not
allowed natural selection to have the least play,
no one variety was more resisting than another, at
least in the long run. It is no case of survival of the
fittest, for all are gone. Not one is fitted to survive
in the opinion of the Phylloxera, who doubtless would
consider his own persistence a matter of much more
importance than that of the \'ine. How selfish we
all are ! It would be interesting to know the details
of this wholesale slaughter, and to ascertain for
certain whether this destruction may not have been
brought about by other causes in combination with
the \'ine louse. The sad havoc which the frosts of
recent winters have made in the case of Walnuts and
other trees and shrubs, makes one think that the
dread Phylloxera has sometimes more laid to his
share than is really fair.
Leaving Macon, the Vine once more loses its kingly
sway — Maize even contends with it for pride|of place ;
and it is not till the shores of the Lakes of Neuch;Uel
and of the eastern end of the Lake of Geneva are reached
that he again makes a show. Few people, however,
are at all aware of the extent to which the Vine is
cultivated in Switzerland, or of the excellence of its
produce. I have indeed found fellow-travellers little
sensible to the claims of " \ vorne," "Cilacier," or
" Villeneuve," even though the latter was grown by
the side of Chillon itself, but who nevertheless found
the sparkling wine of Cortaillod and of Neuchatel very
refreshing when "a little low ; " indeed, in so far, I
share their opinion myself, and wonder why it is not
more drunk in England. The culture of the Vine in
this part of Switzerland, and the process of wine
making, was treated of, with illustrations, in these
columns some few years ago, so that nothing further
need now be said on that score.
Proceeding on our journey up the Rhone valley, we
find the Vine again gradually losing the attributes of
sovereignty. Maize is grown almost or quite as
largely, and other crops as well. Still, the wines of
the Valais are by no means bad, and, to our thinking,
much preferable to the wretched concoctions of
Italy.
Branching off from the main valley of the Rhone is
the lovely \'isperlhal, leading to Zermatt. The ascent
from the mouth of the valley to its end, which is
blocked by the mighty Matterhorn, is very consider-
able. ^'ou pass from a " hot temperate " region,
almost tropical in fierceness of sun, to a subalpine
region of pasture and forest, and above that to the
loftiest alpine district in Europe, where cultivation is
out of the question. As a matter of course, the vege-
tation changes in character at almost every mile on
the road, and upon this circumstance I may perhaps
write more at length on another occasion. In ihe
meantime, to finish what I have to say about the V'ine,
its gradually waning supremacy is made manifest in
the lower end of the \'isp valley by the fact that it is
here grown on the sunny side of sloping ridges, raised
in lines expressly for its benefit. The Maize cannot be,
or is not, grown so high, but ceases soon after leaving
the Rhone valley. Roughly, it seemed to me that in
this .particular valley of Visp Vine culture and the
natural growth of Prunus Mahaleb were about
coterminous. In the upper, colder part of the
Visperthal not a bush was to be seen, but in the
lower hot part the Mahaleb Cherry is most abundant,
and is thickly covered with small black fruit. Never
previously had I seen the fruit of this bush. Of course
I must needs taste, but I do not recommend any one
else to do so unless endowed with the insatiable
curiosity of A Ranil'hr.
|kainn|fi.
Work in the Houses.— No Orchids are more
useful to the gardener than those that flower during
the autumn and winter months, and as most of this
class will now be far advanced in growth, some
idea may be formed of the amount of bloom that will
be realised. The best of these are the Phaljenopsis,
and any plants that are forv.'ard in the development
of their leaves should not after this date have their
spikes removed from them. These early spikes will
come in useful and make the season of these flowers
of longer duration. Plants late in starting must be
encouraged to grow, and any spikes formed should
be removed, as the plants will be sure to throw out
other spikes later in the season. Attend closely to
keeping the foliage on this genus clean and free from
dirt and insects at the present time. At this season,
Vi'hen these plants are in full growth, some of the
older leaves will often perish ; these should not be
removed till they begin to get into a shrivelled
state, as when they are severed too early it may
lead to decay, which may attack the collar of the
plant before it could be arrested. The autumn-flower-
ing Laelias are another useful class of plants. The
earliest to flower is L. Perrini, and this should now be
kept well up to the light, to ripen up its growths and
give colour to the flowers. This species will be suc-
ceeded by L. anceps and its beautiful variety Daw-
soni, while almost simultaneously with the two named
above will be the flowering season of L. autumnalis,
L. a. rubens, and L. albida. The latter species and
L. Perrini do best on bare blocks, and should always
be grown in plenty of light. The other species are best
grown in baskets or shallow pans, and hung up to
the roof of Ihe intermediate house. Where the growths
of any of these have advanced to the stage of showing
their flower-spikes, a somewhat less generous treat-
ment should be adopted, as a too free use of the water-
pot may start them into renewed growths. One or
two of the Cymbidiums come in useful during the dull
days, especially C. Mastersi and C. giganteum. These
will soon be showing their flower-spikes, and the
plants may be liberally treated through the flowering
stage, as there is no danger of exciting these into fresh
growths at this season. The old Cypripedium insigne
and C. insigne Maulei will yield their supplies during
winter, and though not so showy as some others of
the genus they are very valuable, and the flowers
remain long in good condition either cut or on the
plants. Where these have nearly completed their
growths it will be an assistance to them in setting a
good crop of flowers to remove them for six weeks or
so to a vinery or other airy structure, where they can
be gradually inured to more light. Another useful
species for winter flowering is C. Hookeroe, but this
requires the heat of the East Indian-house at all sea-
sons. One or two kinds of Cypripediums flower for
such a long time from the same spikes that it is
necessary to remove them before all the flowers are
expanded to prevent the plants from being exhausted.
Of this class may be mentioned C. Pearcei and- C.
Sedeni. The Calanthe vestita and C. Veitchii will
be showing their spikes, and must still be encouraged
with plenty of heat and moisture. A reduction of
temperature, or dryness at the root, will lead to a
much quicker loss of the foliage than when the plants
are kept under growing conditions during the
autumn, and till the spikes are well advanced towards
flowering. Plants of Dendrobium chrysanthum now
going out of flower should be placed in some warm,
airy position to ripen up the growths, and cause a
gradual loss of the foliage, when the plants m.ay be
kept dry and at rest for two or three months. The
present fine weather is highly favourable for all the
warm section of Orchids, as it allows of a liberal
night ventilation of the plants, which should be taken
advantage of to the fullest extent, as nothing will
render the plants fitter to pass safely through the
winter months. J. Roberts, Giniturslnny.
Thunia I'ULPHRA, Rchb. f. — To Lieut.-Col.
Berkeley the Kew herbarium is indebted for a nice
inflorescence of this charming plant, which is much
in the way of T. alba, but is quite distinct in having a
much shorter and broader spur to the lip, the keels
upon which are not tqothed as in T. alba ; the flowers
also are a trifle smaller than in that species, pure
while, with the tip of the lip brownish-ochreous. It
AlICIIST 2$, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
239
is somewhat puzzling to know in what light Thunia
should be viewed — whether it should be retained as a
distinct genus, as is insisted upon by my friend
Professor Keichenbach, or merged into Fhaius, as
proposed by Mr. Bentham. The genus Thunia was
founded by Professor Keichenbach in the Bolanischc
ZiitHiit;, 1S52, p. 764, upon Phaius albus, as it was
then called, and the pollen masses are stated to be
four in number ; but in the figure of this plant given
in the Balanical I\Ia^a'^iui; t. 3991, and which is
quoted by Professor Keichenbach, eight pollen masses
are represented, and in the flowers I have examined
I find eight pollen masses, but in the flowers of
Thunia pulchra I only find four pollen masses. And
in enumerating other differences between Phaius and
Thunia in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1S81, vol. xvi.,
p. 166, Professor Keichenbach again says that Thunia
has four pollen masses and Phaius eight. Certainly
in T. pulchra I find four only, and in T, alba eight
distinctly. And then the question is, do the pollen
masses of T. alba vary in number ? This is no doubt
Ihe case, as it would be absurd to suppose that our
Orchid King is incapable of distinguishing between
four and eight. But, on the other hand, if the pollen
masses vary in number in this way, there is nothing
but habit to distinguish Thunia from Phaius, and
habit alone is scarcely sufficient to warrant the separa-
tion of otherwise closely allied plants, or we should
have to break up such well known and easily recog-
nised genera as Oxalis, Pelargonium, Kuphorbia,
.Senecio, &c., into numerous smaller ones, as indeed
was done formerly, though now recognised as forming
very natural genera, having great diversity of habit,
N. E. Bnni'n.
m\\ ljeiibai|cous loit(tei[.
GuiNDKLiA GRANDIFLORA. — In my notes on p. 206
this plant is mentioned as a perennial. I find by refer-
ence to authorities that it was introduced from Texas
in 1S51, and figured and described in the Botanical
AAii^ainc, No. 462S. It is said there to be biennial,
and perhaps on this account had slipped out of culti-
vation, for it is introduced again by Mr. W. Thomp-
son, of Ipswich, in his catalogue of 1SS2. From him
I obtained seed, which produced plants which flowered
so abundantlyin autumn, 1SS2, that I thought the plant
must be annual ; but during wir.ter it broke freely
round the base, and is now flowering very abundantly
again. Whether it will again break from the base I
cannot yet say. It is a showy plant, and has the buds
covered with a resinous substance, scented like the
buds of the liahn of Gilead Fir. As for its hardiness,
not a plant was injured in the severe weather last
March, when every plant of Grindelia hirsuta was
killed in my garden. C. ITollrj' Dod, Edge Hall,
Malpas, Aug. iS.
Pelargonium Endlicherianum (p.212).— "T."
writes doubtfully of the hardiness of this plant, and so
may be glad to know that it has lived here without
any protection for certainly more than a dozen years.
It flowers freely, and occasionally produces a few
seeds, but is easily increased by cuttings. It is a
pretty plant, but would be prettier if it had not the
habit of losing its leaves before flowering. Eotani-
cally it is interesting, as being almost the only hardy
Pelargonium, and almost the only one that is not
found in Africa. //. Al Ellaeomlc, Billon Vicarage.
Sedum roruLiFOLiUM. — This is the best Sedum
now in flower on ray rockeries, surpassing both S.
Kwersii and S. pulchelluni, which, I think, come
next in merit. It flowers in very large compact
racemes or umbels of small starry white flowers,
turning to pink ; a large mass of it is very effective.
Sedum spurium is nearly over, but is exceedingly good
where two or three square yards can be assigned to it,
within which it can crowd its flowers as closely as
they can grow. It is troublesome from the rapidily
with which it spreads, and requires constant weeding.
There are three distinct colours — rose, which is best
and commonest ; dark crimson, and dull white,
Sedum Sieboldii will not be in flower till the end of
the month, but good plants of it, if uninjured by
slugs, which are very fond of it, is perhaps best of
all. I have been surprised to see some gardeners
encourage a variety of this with a pale, unhealthy-
looking patch in the middle of each leaf — a deformity
which I cannot admire. C, Wolley Dod, Edge Hall,
Malpas, Aiignsl 18.
Tnii heavy storms of wind and rain which we have
had this summer, and especially during the last few
weeks, have tended to mar to a great extent an
effective display in the flower garden. While some
subjects have made too much growth, others have
refused to flower freely, and even the coloured
foliaged section are exceptionally dull and colourless ;
should fine weather, however, now prevail there is yet
time to have a bright and effective autumn display.
In order to prevent quick or coarse growing plants
from becoming ragged and unsightly constant atten-
tion must be paid to pinching, pegging, and tying,
and the strictest care should be exercised to preserve
cleanliness and neatness at this season, otherwise that
which should prove interesting and pleasing becomes
simply distasteful and a source of annoyance. There
is no department of the garden, especially at this sea-
son, where untidiness or neglect is so quickly manifest,
nor where it is so objectionable.
When pruning or trimming the plants carefully save
for propagation every cutting required ; by adopting
this practice, and by commencing to propagate suffi-
ciently early in the season, a sufficient stock for the
ensuing year may readily be obtained without having
recourse to that wholesale mutilation of the beds
which becomes imperative when the propagation is
deferred too long. The plants also, when struck
early in the season, become well rooted and keep
through the winter so much better than when pro-
pagated late in the autumn. There are a few kinds,
however, such as Calceolarias and Violas, to which
these remarks do not apply ; they are more satis-
factory when propagated about the end of September
by placing them in a cold frame, in which they should
remain undisturbed till the following spring.
Biennials and Perennials.— This is an excel-
lent time to make a sowing of the best and most
showy plants in these sections for next spring and
summer decoration. Some of the hardier kinds may,
when large enough, be transplanted this autumn into
the open borders, but the tender sorts should receive
the protection of a cold frame through the winter, and
be transplanted in spring. Even some of the choice
annuals, if sown now, and subjected to similar treat-
ment according to their nature in respect to hardiness,
will in the spring and early summer months prove
most useful for the herbaceous border. This is a
favourable time to propagate, either by cuttings or
seeds, those charming herbaceous subjects which, as
a rule, do not succeed so well unless so treated an-
nually. Amongst these may be mentioned Pentste-
mons, Myosolis, Carnations, and many similar plants.
Shrubbery. — Great attention should now be de-
voted to this part of the garden, not only in judi-
ciously pruning off all irregular and superflous shoots,
but also in carefully securing young trees and shrubs
from breakage by wind and storms byefticient staking
and tying. All evergreen screens or hedges should
now be clipped, and trimness and cleanliness should
be strictly maintained by frequent weeding, hoeing,
forking, and sweeping, not only in and around the
more prominent and detached clumps, but also in the
more distant secluded nooks and glades which in too
many instances do not receive even that small amount
of attention required to make them the most delight-
ful and charming spots in the garden. T. S. C.
clear tepid water at a temperature of 85°, and let the
evaporating-pans go dry. Keep the night tem-
perature at 70", with a rise of 10° by day, and leave
a little air on the back ventilators all night. Keep a
little fire-heat in the pipes to keep the air circulating
and warm.
All late varieties of (jrapes will now be changing
colour, and must be kept at a night temperature of
from 65° to 70°, with a rise of 10° by day. If the
border is thoroughly watered when the fruil com-
mences to colour it will usually be sufficient until they
are ripe, but sometimes, where borders are extra well
drained, they will require more water. Let the
laterals run wild within reasonable limits. Any
young Vines or newly planted vineries where the
growth is extra strong must have plenty of fire-heat
and air until the wood is well ripened, when it can
be reduced gradually and the front and back venti-
lators be left open night and day. Give them plenty
of clear water at the roots. Pot Vines for early
fruiting next year will now lake liberal supplies of
tepid manure- water at the roots, and plenty of heat
and air to induce the wood to lipen early, and stand
them so that the foliage will get all the light possible.
Pull out all lateral growths, so that the sun can pene-
trate freely among them. Pot-\ ines for later work
or for planting out next year must have all the room
possible, be kept near the glass, and have plenty of
water at the roots. Joshua Alkins.
iBrapes anb Uineries.
Late Hamburghs that are colouring must not be
kept at a lower temperature than 65° at night, with a
rise of 10° by day, giving air on the front and back
ventilators as it is required. When the border is diy
water with clear tepid water, doing it in the early part of
the day, and use a little fire-heat and extra air to dry
up the surface moisture. Early Muscat-houses, from
which all the fruit has been cut, if the wood is well
ripened, will not now require any more fire-heat, but
must have plenty of air night and day, and when the
border is dry plenty of clear water at the roots.
Muscats that are ripe must be kept as advised in my
last Calendar. The latest Muscats will now be chang-
ing colour, and when the border is dry water with
|iiuit |ar(I.ttt.
When the Apricot crop is gathered, an occasional
syringing of the foliage and waterings at the roots
should be applied. The young growths made now
cannot ripen, therefore they should be kept closely
stopped, so that all the energies of the tree may be
utilised in perfecting the wood it is intended to
retain. Water should also be given to both foliage
and roots of Peaches and Nectarines as soon as the
crop has been gathered ; also to late Peaches, as they
will swell for some considerable time yet, and the
ravages of red-spider will thus be prevented. Water
should be withheld from the foliage of trees bearing
ripe fruit. Keep the shoots all nailed or tied in. If
the nails have not been removed, but allowed to come
in contact with the fruit, they will be found to have
disfigured them, so that they will neither be fit to send
to table or for sale. The wiring of Peach walls
obviates this, and is a system far preferable, for many
reasons, to nailing.
Pears, such as Jargonelle, Doyenne d'Ete, and
Williams' Bon Chretien, are now fit to gather, and
should be taken a few at a time and often of those
that separate readily Irom the tree. It may be found
necessary to net up these early varieties from the
tom-tits, which are very destructive to them at times.
Early kinds of Apples, such as Early Julien, Irish
Peach, Keswick Codlin, and others are ready, and
should be gathered before they ripen. All young
growths on Apples, Pears, and Plums should be kept
closely stopped. If red-spider or aphis attack any
of the trees, a constant application of the syringe
should be made. Lose no lime now that the crop of
Raspberries has been gathered to cut away the old
fruiting canes, that the young ones may have the full
benefit of the sun and air. The ripening of the wood
of fruit trees is a great point to be studied just now.
Sun and air freely admitted between the wood and
foliage are the two most essential elements in eflTect-
ing |this, and the art of the gardener is here called
in to train the branches and shoots, and so arrange them
that free access of these elements be given. Voung
plantations of Strawberries must be kept well supplied
with water until they have made a good start. A
border should be selected for planting out a large
batch cif runners for the early supply next year of
good runners to be layered for forcing, and for
making new plantations, as, to obtain Ihe best
results, it is necessary to get them layered before this
work can be conveniently done on the permanent
beds. D. C. Poicell, Bo-.nler/iam Castle, Devon.
Spinach Monstrueuse de Vatry.^ — As a
good sort to sow in autumn for winter and
spring use, in addition to those usually grown, the
variety called Monstrueuse de Vatry is well deserving
of attention. The plant is hardy, a quick grower,
forming very large thick succulent leaves, a great ad-
vantage in plants that make some ol their growth in
the cool season. Some cooks object to it as being
coarse, but as Spinach is usually pressed through a
sieve before being served, the objection does not
count for much.
240
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[August 25, 1883,
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Aue 27 ■( ^^'^5 °f Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' and
^' ' \ Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Aue 28 .f ^oj'al Horticultural Society : Meeting of
^' X Fruit and Floral Committees, at II A.M.
Sale of Greenhouses, at Southgate, by
" "'' " "orris
lbs, at Stevens' Rooms,
mported Orchids, at Stevens'
Monday,
Tuesday,
t Sale of Greenhc
Wednesday, Aug. 29 J Protheroe & Mc
t Saleol Dutch Bu!
Thursday, Aug. 30
tch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
{Great National Dahlia Show, at the Crystal
Palace (two days).
Flower Show at Sandy, Beds.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
SATURDAY, Sept. I i ^='4'^^,°'' °"."=A ^"fe " Stevens' and
I '-v^- * \ Protheroe & Morns' Rooms,
AMONG the stock objects of interest in
Continental towns (duly catalogued in guide
books as worthy the attention of visitors, BO-
TANIC Gardens commonly find a place. From
a tolerably large experience, however, we should
(with two or three notable e.-cceptions) earnestly
recommend the British tourist to shun them.
Their condition is for the most part simply de-
plorable and highly discreditable to the respec-
tive universities and municipalities. We are
not singling any one in particular for comment,
nor are we disposed to blame the managers, for
we do not know sufficient of the circumstances
of each case, and we know very well that bricks
cannot be made without straw. Still the fact
remains, and comment on facts as they appear
is quite justifiable even if we are not in a posi-
tion to weigh the attendant circumstances. The
primary purpose of botanic gardens proper is of
course to afford means for botanical study and
investigation. We ought, therefore, not to
expect the smaller university gardens to do
more than furnish sufficient specimens for
the use of the botanical pupils of the
medical and science classes, and afford
subjects of investigation for the Professor and
working botanists in any department. For this
purpose a sufficiency of plants, well selected for
the purpose and accurately named, is all that is
required. The contents of the garden and their
arrangement and culture will, therefore, depend
very greatly on the proclivities of the Director
and the subjects he chooses for study. In so
far these gardens hardly differ from private
establishments, in which the proprietor is free
to do as much or as little as he pleases, accord-
ing to his own fancy, and in proportion to his
means.
But many, perhaps most of these estab-
lishments, are of a more public character ;
they are supported by public funds, and they
are open to the public as recreation grounds
as well as for the purposes of study. This is ob-
viously the case with gardens supported by the
municipalities, and more or less under their
control. The condition of these, however, is, as
a rule, no better than that of more public
establishments. We are aware that some
botanists — and among them no less distin-
guished a one than M. Alphonse de
Candolle — think very lightly of botanic
gardens as a means of study in comparison
with well equipped and well organised
herbaria. The comparison is not a fair one ;
there are many points in which a herbarium
cannot compete with a garden, nor a garden
with a herbarium — each has its own special
advantages which the other cannot share.
Because a herbarium happens to be copious
and well arranged it does not follow that the
garden should be neglected. There are many
points in which a garden can and ought to fur-
nish material in a condition which no herbarium
or museum could do. For teaching purposes it
is clear that large quantities of well selected
examples are required, such as are furnished at
Edinburgh and elsewhere. This is obvious.
Not less important, though in practice it seems
to be thought so, is the supply of materials for
investigation and research. Even systematic
botanists would be benefited by having brought
under their eye well cultivated specimens in
various stages of development of certain
" critical" species ; and the descriptive botanist,
who confined himself simply to herbarium spe-
cimens when he had living ones within reach,
would simply be neglecting his duty and throw-
ing away his opportunities. Without as careful
a comparative study of as many species as
possible in every stage of growth, it is
clear that a student's researches would not
only be incomplete, but in so far absolutely
faulty and imperfect. His views as to the limita-
tions of species, their affinities, relationship,
power, extent, and quality of variation, must
necessarily be very imperfect if he do not avail
himself of living plants. Botanic gardens should,
so far as circumstances allow, provide the means
to supply these deficiencies. Then there are
whole departments of botany for the study ot
which no museum, no herbarium can possibly
suffice ; we allude to microscopic researches
into internal structure, mode of growth, and
physiological function. These are departments
which the tendency of modern science is to
develope, and a wide sphere of usefulness lies
open to botanic gardeners and the directors of
such establishments in supplying these require-
ments.
So far we have had in view the require-
ments of science alone. But in the case of a
public garden — of a botanic garden to which
the public has access, and for which it pays
directly or indirectly — the scope becomes
widened. Decorative gardening here asserts its
claim. The garden should be a centre from
whence correct horticultural taste may be dif-
fused. The visitor should, so far as his means
will allow, see the best of everything grown in the
best way and arranged in the most attractive
manner. We are not counselling the employ-
ment of ribbon borders, carpet beds, and
similar abominations, though as these find
favour with a large section of the public they
might be provided in moderation. But a
botanic garden of the kind we advocate should
furnish an opportunity for the public to see
better and more varied things — should allow
people an opportunity of seeing what they can-
not do now — what a wealth of available
material there is, and enable them to judge of
the suitability of particular things for special
situations and special purposes. The general
public is getting tired of the endless monotony
of the bedding-out system — its taste is in course
of improvement, and botanic gardens should
largely supply the remedy. Moreover, if bedding-
out is to be practised — and we are far from wish-
ing to see it entirely abolished — there are always
the town squares or the neighbouring parks
where this style of gardening can be appro-
priately carried out to any extent that may be
thought desirable, though even here we are
strongly of opinion that a very large proportion
of the outlay might be much more profitably
spent in other directions.
Again, a public botanic garden of the kind
we are alluding to should naturally adapt itself
to the particular requirements of the neighbour-
hood in which it is placed ; thus, in the garden
at Dijon, in the centre of the Burgundy Vine
district, it was a very happy thought to get
together all the varieties of Vine suitable to the
soil and climate, to show their capabilities, and
illustrate their differences. At Dijon we were
told recently no fewer than 1000 different, or
supposed different, sorts of Vines, were once
collected together, and kept under name, till the
fell Vine-louse destroyed the whole. This cir-
cumstance leads us to speak of another use for
such gardens. Where better could those prelimi-
nary trials of remedies, of methods of combating
or of evading the disease be instituted ?
Another point in which botanic gardens might
prove most serviceable would be in ensuring
correct nomenclature, and in eliminating erro-
neous names and useless synonyms. The most
rigid care should be taken in ensuring correct
labelling, so as to make the garden the authority
to which neighbouring gardeners should look
for the correct names of their plants. If these
requirements were duly fulfilled, the botanic
gardens, instead of being deemed useless, as
they now are by some, would vindicate them-
selves in public estimation, and they would
cease to be the dreary forsaken wastes they too
often are. It is not that botanic gardens are
useless, it is that their resources are not deve-
loped, and it is for our Continental friends — for
It is of Continental gardens we are now more
particularly speaking — to see to it, that the
establishments under their charge should be
made to fulfil the general requirements of
students and professors and the special demands
of the locality, serve as trial grounds and experi-
mental gardens for the promotion of taste, the
development in right grooves of horticulture, and
the promotion of the agricultural and industrial
resources of the country. These are worthy
objects, and a properly managed botanic garden
should afford ample means for promoting them.
Trop.€;olum polyphyllum. — This very
distinct and showy plant is a native of Chili, inhabit-
ing the Cordilleras at elevations of 6000 — 9000 feet.
It grows gregariously, and in some localities it occurs
in great profusion, forming a very conspicuous object.
The root is tuberous, and the stems are naturally trail-
ing in habit, varying in length, according to soil and
situation, from a few inches to 7 or S feet — that is, in a
wild state. The crowded leaves are of a glaucous
green, and the flowers of a rich yellow, the upper
petals streaked with red. Introduced by Knight of
Chelsea, more than forty years ago, it seems to have
never become common in gardens, though it has come
more into favour within the last ten years. The plant
does not seem to be at all particular as to soil or situ-
ation, but the rockwork is undoubtedly the most fitting
position for it. We have seen it growing in the
greatest luxuriance in an ordinary herbaceous border,
but it is not seen to such great advantage as on a
rockery. The specimen from which our illustration
(fig' 37) was prepared came from Messrs. Paul &
Son's new nursery at Broxbourne.
The Grand National Dahlia Show. —
Many of our readers will no doubt be glad to have a
reminder that the grand annual exhibition of the
Dahlia— queen of autumn flowers— at the Crystal
Palace is near at hand. The show, in fact, opens on
the last day of the present month (August 31), so that
arrangements to visit it require to be made promptly.
So far as we have seen Dahlias are blooming both
early and well this year, and therefore we may anti-
cipate that the show of 18S3 will be a good one, as it
ought to be, seeing that over ^100 are offered in
prizes. We note that the schedule makes provision
for the exhibition of the different groups of varieties —
show flowers, fancies, pompons, and singles; so that
it should bring into one focus a complete illustration
of the types which have been evolved from the wild
Mexican weed since the florists have taken it in hand. As
an autumn decorative flower the Dahlia is one which
none of us can afford to dispense with, whatever type
we may each prefer. We, therefore, trust that the
growers will muster in force and make this second
annual gathering even more worthy of its object than
the first, ensuring such a display as may serve to
bring the flower again into prominence, the more so
in that every possible taste may now be fully satisfied.
We understand that the committee have made arrange-
ments by which town and country friends and
admirers of the Dahlia may meet and interchange
their experiences over a modest luncheon. May they
each carry away pleasant recollections of the reunion,
Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.— Those of our readers who were present at the
late annual festival of this Institution, will not have
forgotten the remark made by Mr. Bruce Findlay,
that gardeners were nothing if not practical, and when
he emphasised the observation by undertaking to
raise the sum of ;^200 in aid of the Pension Augmen-
tation Fund, by getting some of his friends to open
their gardens at a small charge, it was a moral cer-
tainty Mr. Findlay would keep his word, for he
above all things is a practical man. Well, the first of
the series of fetes which Mr. Findlay' undertook to
7 ;/;/i»fL_
>
242
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, 18S3.
initiate came off on Saturday last with most gratifying
results. The scene of the day's operations was Lord
Delamere's fine garden at Vale Royal, near North-
wich, Cheshire, and though, we understand from a
private source, his Lordship's gardener, Mr. Milne,
the chief organiser of the affair, could only give a week's
notice through the local papers of the intending fclc,
over ^80 was taken. We are informed also that
Lord and Lady Delamere manifested great interest
in the event, and did much to bring about the de-
sired result. It is certain that in this way the
sum required for permanent investment before
the pensions can be augmented could be easily
raised if gardeners in charge of good establishments
would but move in the right direction. The little effort
required to organise a series of successful local /to of
this character would be abundantly recompensed by
the knowledge that nothing but good would result
from the labour involved. Perhaps Mr. Milne will
tell us what arrangements he made, in the hope that
others may take the hint.
Gloxinias.— Some time since, commenting
upon a box of cut Gloxinia blooms exhibited at a
metropolitan suburban show, we pointed out what a
charming cut flower class small bunches of these
flowers set up in Fern fronds would make. At that
same show this year that idea was so far adopted that
a class for twelve kinds in bunches was instituted, and
there were eight boxes of blooms staged, forming one
of the most charming of cut flower classes. The gar-
dener who exhibited for naught the preceding year on
this occasion put up his blooms in bunches of three,
each bunch being neatly dressed with Maidenhair
Fern, and then set into fresh green moss ; and as the
blooms were all of the erect section and first-class,
they were fully worthy the honour they obtained.
Remembering this event with pleasure, we were there-
fore not a little surprised to find an esteemed horticul-
tural authority decrying in the pages of a contem-
porary the exhibition of blooms of Gloxinias as cut
flowers, chiefly on the ground that in so doing the
habit of the plants was not seen. Surely such an
objection could not have been seriously meant. The
same objection would apply with ten times the force
to Dahlias, Roses, Carnations, Pansies, and scores of
other things, the which we may take it for granted
our critic has judged hundreds of times in the past, and
has never thought in the case of these flowers such a
suggestion was reasonable. He admits that Gloxinias
in the form of plants are difficult to carry to any con-
siderable distance without injuring the flowers, but
then in the cut state a box of these can be taken any
distance without injury. Good habit is always allied
to good flowers in any good strain of Gloxinias, and
good strains are now plentiful. In spite of what has
been said disparagingly, we heartily advise exhibition
committees to make a class for cut Gloxinias at all
summer shows next year.
Flora of Brecon.— In our notice of the
second edition of Watson's Topograjiliicat Bolany
we stated, on the authority of the editors' preface, that
only two of the counties or vice-counties remain
totally unreported upon. That is true so far as
Topographical Bo/any is concerned, but the Rev.
W. W. Neweould, one of the editors, has kindly
called our attention to two lists of plants found in
Breconshire and published in the reports of the Bota-
nical Record Club for 1874 and 1S82. So the only
totally unknown county flora is that of Wigton.
The Amenities of the Seed Trade.— A
few days since we attended a provincial flower show
of some consequence, and among the prizes offered in
the schedule was one for six dishes of vegetables, the
prizes being offered by one of the large advertising
seed firms. Something like fifteen or sixteeen col-
lections were staged, and just previous to the clearing
of the tents for the judges, a representative of the
firm offering the prizes laid among the collections
cards stating that the articles exhibited were grown
from seeds supplied by the donors of the prizes,
though this was not made a condition of the com-
petition. The representative of another large firm
then appeared on the scene, and objected in the most
earnest manner to these cards being exhibited, assert-
ing that many of the exhibitors were customers of his
firm. The secretary and managing committee were
appealed to, and decided to remove the objectionable
cards, which was at once effected. The oftending
firm could plead with much show of probability
that their object, as well as that of other firms,
in offering prizes of this character was to make trade,
and that it was a common practice to make all the use
possible of flower shows in this direction. We know
that this is so, and we know also that in order to com-
pass this end some audacious means are employed
similar to that alluded to. The seed firms specially
interested in this matter must fight it out among them-
selves, but what should be the duty of managers of
flower shows? Clearly this, to discourage by all means
in their power the making of their show an advertis-
ing medium. This can be done by objecting to the
unnecessary and indiscriminate display of trade pla-
cards. A short time since we were at a country show
where a seedsman offered prizes for a speciality in seeds
he distributed. The exhibit occupied a space of i yard
square or thereabouts in a tent, but he deluged the
whole of this and the other tents with trade circulars.
This practice has been allowed to go on unchecked,
and it is grossly abused. On the score of morality
also these practices should be checked, for we have
seen prize vegetables claimed by one firm as having
been grown from their seeds, when it has been known,
sn!' rosa, that the seeds came from a rival house.
The show managers are masters of the position ; let
them state distinctly the practice must cease, and en-
force their determination by all legitimate means. It
is only by doing this that any satisfactory abatement
of the evil can be brought about.
The Foreign Crops of Garden Seeds.
—The most recent accounts of the prospects of the
German seed crops (and considerable quantities of
seeds of German growth are annually imported into
this country) show that Cauliflower is of excellent
quality, the seeds fine and large, and the yield good.
Cabbage seeds promise to be a thin crop, owing to
the plants having suffered from frost at a critical time
in March last, but the seeds which have developed
promise to be good in quality. A very small supply
of Carrot seed is expected, owing to the influence of
bad weather in spring. Spinach promises well, and
the yield will be plentiful. Peas are a good crop and
sample, but suffered through rains falling just when
ready for harvesting. Dwarf Kidney and Runner
Beans may still yield a fair crop should the weather
prove fine and drying. They are late, and wet, cold
weather would be decidedly injurious. English Broad
and Longpod Beans promise a poor crop. Radish is
very late, and the yield will be a moderate one.
Onion and Leek promise well, notwithstanding some
damage from storms, but the yields will not be
very large. The Queen and Nocera, being
both early varieties, were damaged by frost early
in the season. Celery and Parsley are both good
up to the present time, but so much depends on the
character of the weather during the remainder of
August and September that what now promises well
may be disappointing ere the season closes. Fine
ripening weather suitable for the proper ingathering
of the harvest would prove a national blessing at
home and abroad.
A New Pea. -Messrs. Hurst & Son have
sent us some pods of a new Pea which they are about
to send out, and which appears to us to well deserve
that honour. The pods are straight, and of bulky
proportions, containing eight to eleven Peas, which
fill out while quite young, a characteristic not common
to all large-podded varieties. The inside of the pod is
of that rich silky green colour peculiar to the Ne Plus
Ultra type, to which it evidently belongs. The
Messrs. Hurst state that it is of a vigorous habit of
growth, growing about 5 feet high, and very prolific.
It comes nearest in appearance to one of Mr. Lax-
ton's seedlings named Gladiator, which the Messrs.
Veitch have in their trial grounds at Langley, but
that, if we remember rightlj', is not so tall a grower.
■ Lavatera arborea variegata.— It will be
remembered that this fine plant was awarded a First-
class Certificate of Merit as a decorative agent by the
Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society
a year or so ago. We saw it a few days since
growing at the Portland Road nurseries of Messrs.
Sutton & Sons, at Reading. The plants had been
raised from seed early in the year, showing that it
comes true to character in this way ; and having been
planted out in a warm sunny border they had grown
into a great size, and were highly attractive. If it
will stand unharmed through our English winter, and
maintain its striking variegation through that season
of the year, it v/ill prove doubly attractive. At any
rate, it will make an excellent conservatory plant lor
the winter if grown in pots.
Eucalyptus in Malaga. — The British
Consul at Malaga says the cultivation of the Eucalyp-
tus has of late attracted considerable attention in that
province, which has been deprived of all but fruit
trees in order to supply the constant demand for char-
coal, caused by the extensive use of this fuel for cook-
ing purposes. Large numbers of Eucalyptus in a
healthy and flourishing state may now be seen along
the line of railway from Malaga to Bobadilla and in
other places, and they are reported to have been effec-
tive to some extent in destroying fevers in the low
districts, which were formerly uninhabitable. These
trees are also successfully used to form avenues and
afford protection from the sun on the roads near the
city.
Galtonia (IIvacinthus) candicans from
Seed.— It is well known that this plant seeds with re-
markable freedom ; but, unlike II. orientalis, flowering
plants are obtained from seed in two, and sometimes
one year. We recently saw in Messrs. Sutton & Sons'
nursery at Reading, a large breadth of this plant
flowering the second year from seed, the plants of
amazing strength, and having already thrown up one
fine spike of flowers, which is now maturing its seed-
pods, it is already throwing up a second spike in the
case of a large majority of plants, and this promises to
be as fine as the first spike. The seedlings were
planted in the open ground as soon as large
enough, and, as already stated, many flowered the
first year ; the bulbs were lifted in autumn, planted
out again in spring, and now the plants are as strong
and vigorous as any one can desire to see them. The
light sandy soil of the Portland Road Nurseries at
Reading evidently suits this plant well, and enables it
to reach so fine a stage of development in so compara-
tively short a time. It is probable that a soil suited
for American plants would suit this Hyacinth well.
Benham Beauty Melon. — This is a new
scarlet-fleshed variety raised by Mr. IIoWE, Benham
Park Gardens, between William I., scarlet, and Hero
of Lockinge, white flesh. It has the pale golden skin
of the last-named, but is flatter in shape, with slight
furrows, as in the case of the Cantaloupe ; the flesh
pale scarlet, the rind thin, the aroma perfect, the flesh
juicy, melting, and exquisitely flavoured. It appears
to be a fine and valuable addition to the scarlet-fleshed
class, and was awarded a First-class Certificate of
Merit at the recent show of the Re.-iding Horticultural
Society.
Agricultual Returns. — From a summary
of the agricultural returns of Great Britain for the pre-
sent year, issued on the 17th inst. by the Agricultural
Department of the Privy Council, we learn that the
acreage under the five main crops are :— Wheat,
2,613,147; Barley, 2,291, 9S4; Oats, 2,975,377;
Potatos, 543,455 ; and Hops, 68,027. As compared
with the returns for 1S82 there is a decrease to the
extent of 390,813 acres in the case of Wheat ; but an
enlarged acreage in the case of each of the other four
crops ; thus of Barley the increase amounts to 36,715
acres; Oats, 141,512 acres; Potatos, 2391 acres;
and Hops 240S acres. The live stock returns show
a considerable increase all round.
Royal Botanic Society : the Results
OP Hero Worship.— Mr. Hyde Clarke writes to
the AtJieiurmn : — " My friend the late Mr. Philip
Barnes, when he founded the Royal Botanic Society
in the Regent's Park, being a strong Linn.-ean and
F.L.S., was seized with the idea of holding our
anniversary meeting on the birthday of LiNN.4ius.
This is all very well for LiNN.EUS, but as he chose to
be born in the end of August and we are limited to a
fornight from it, I 'have for a great number out of
forty-four years gone to the Inner Circle mostly to
make up a bare quorum in the middle of the day. As
the eminent members of the Council are not in town,
they are unaware of the hole-and-corner gathering.
To this celebration and the want of supervision by the
Fellows, I attribute the stationary condition of the
Society. The income stated to-day is a little behind
last year, and about the same as for the two previous
years. Only ^200 was paid off the debenture debt,
and a small addition to the Winter Garden is being
made by an assessment on such Fellows as chose to
contribute, I have several times brought before the
August 25, 1883.]
THE GARDF.NERS' CHRONICLE.
243
other dozen Fellows attendant the desirability of
amending the charter, so as to have the meeting at a
reasonable day and hour. This used to be resisted
by the Council on the ground of the cost of an addi-
tional charter, possibly amounting to /400. Now
that applications can be made to the Privy Council at
an expense of under £100, it appears very desirable
to restore vitality to a society which might be made
more useful." Aii^, 11.
Mr. Lve's Fuchsias. — A few days since an
eminent nurseryman made the remark that the
Fuchsias raised by Mr. \. LVE, of Market Lavington,
included "some thoroughly good things." But they
find their way very slowly into cultivation. This is
in all probability because the method of distribution
is one not calculated to bring them prominently before
the public. In all his attempts to improve the Fuchsia
Mr. LvE has aimed at two main requisites — a free
branching bushy habit, and rare Boriferousness. The
fact that he now, almost without exception, cultivates
his own seedlings for exhibition purposes is perhaps
the best testimony that can be offered to their value.
We have this season grown the following varieties
raised by Mr. LVE :— Dark sorts : Elegance, one of
the finest formed varieties in cultivation, a good grower
and very free ; The Hon. Mr. Hay, a gooj ex-
hibition variety, and excellent grower and very free ;
Thomas King, very line habit and wonderfully free ;
and Lye's Rival, a variety that flowers in large clusters,
so free is it, clothing the plants with finely formed
flowers. Light varieties : Mr. Bright, an excellent
grower and very free, grown for exhibition ; Mrs. J.
Lye, fine habit and highly efl'ective ; Mrs. King, a
very free and pleasing variety ; Lye's Favourite, one of
the best light Fuchsias ever raised, massive well formed
flowers, excellent habit and very free ; Harriet Lye,
a charming variety for all purposes ; and Clyffe Hall
Beauty, a large flowered variety, of conspicuous merit,
very free and effective. For ordinary decorative pur-
poses all the foregoing are specially worthy attention,
Mr. Lye has this week favoured us with flowers
of his seedling l'"achsias of this year's growth,
one or two of which appear to us to be of high
decorative value. Of four red-sepalled varieties
our fancy rather leans to one with a dark purple
plum-coloured corolla, composed of broad, well
rounded petals. The sepals and tube are of a good
solid sealing-wax colour, and the contour of the whole
flower very pleasing. Another pretty one has lighter
coloured tube and sepals, and a pretty bluish-purple
corolla. Of three white-sepalled forms, we prefer one
with a bright cerise corolla, in which the tube and
sepals are of the purest while. The others, though
pretty, as indeed all Fuchsias are, seem to be hardly
so distinct as those specially alluded to.
Gold Fish.— An addition to these pretty
denizens of our ornamental waters has been made by
Lord Akthuk Russell, who imported from Wies-
baden to Woburn Abbey specimens of the "Orfe."
It appears from Nature that this is a golden coloured
variety of a fish (Leuciscus idus) allied to the chub,
and cultivated for centuries in Bavaria. The fish
have now become established at Woburn, where they
are preferred to the ordinary gold fish on account of
their larger size, livelier habit, and more rapid
reproduction.
Rose Pudihn'g.— Shall we say, in deference
to those who would be hurt by such a title, Confilnie
dcs Roses ' At any rate, here is a recipe which we
copy from the Kcviic Ho> thole :—T&Vii 225 grammes
of Rose petals, 125 grammes of biscuit-flour, 25 of
sweet Almonds, 12 yelks of eggs, beaten up with
250 grammes of powdered sugar (a gramme is eqvial
to 15 grains). Stir the ingredients for a quarter of an
hour, adding three-eighths of a litre of cream (a litre
is rather more than li pint), a teaspoonful of
[powdered ?] cinnamon, and a pinch of salt. The
whites of a dozen eggs whipped is then poured over
the whole, which is placed in moulds or dishes pre-
viously greased and flowered. The pudding is to be
boiled in a water-b.ath— /ww marie — (oi an hour and
a half.
Exposition d' Horticulture de la
SoCIETli ROYALE Ll.NNEENNE DE BRUXELLES. —
At the exhibition of this Society at Brussels on Sun-
day last, which took place in the new market, the
Gold Medal offered by the ICiNG for the most remark-
able group of plants was awarded to M, Demes-
MAECKER, and the Prix d'llonneur to M. Van uer
Meulen. M. Peeters showed a fine collection of
Bromeliads, including Massangea tigrina. Messrs.
Cannell, of Swanlcy, received a large Silver-gilt
Medal for their superb collection of cut flowers of
Dahlias and zonal I'elargoniums, and His Majesty,
who was present on the occasion, expressed admiration
for the manner in which this fine collection had
travelled so far in so fresh and life-like a condition.
There was nothing in the show in the cut flower way
equal to this collection, and Mr. Cannell may be
congratulated on his success in this special florist busi-
ness, to which he is so devoted.
Venetian Furniture.— Thefollowing note
from a recently issued report from Venice indicates a
prevailing taste in this country : — " A new feature of
\'enetian industry, which appears to be encouraged by
the English on a large scale, is the imitation of
antique furniture in ebony and ivory, for which mate-
rials Pear-wood and bone are substituted. Carved
chairs, book-cases copied from the antique, figures of
negroes, and others used as lamp-stands, hanging
baskets, supported by a ribband of wood, and hold-
ing flowers, &c., are also made in the Venetian
workshops with much artistic feeling, and of excellent
execution."
Plants of Bulgaria.— We have recently
seen an enumeration of Bulgarian plants by Dr. J,
Pancic, with an introduction in Russ, which we have
not read. The author adds descriptions of a consider-
able number of proposed new species.
The "Co.mpendium of the Italian
Flora " proceeds at no very rapid rate. It has now
reached its thirty-first number, and ninety out of the
130 plates are completed. It may be well to remind
those not familiar with the work that it consists of a
concise and comparative descriptive list of all the
plants of the Italian peninsula, illustrated by careful
analytical drawings of all the genera,
The Weather.— General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending August 20, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London : — The weather has been generally
fine at all the eastern and southern stations, but less
settled in the western and north-western, where,
during the earlier part of the period, showers and
cloudy skies were experienced. Temperature has
been slightly above the mean in " England, N.E.,"
and equal to it in "Scotland, E.,"and "England, S.,"
but below it in all other districts, the deficit being 1° or
2°. The maxima were measured in most places at the
end of the period, and varied from 68° in " Ireland,
S.," to 78^ in east and central England, and 81° in
" England, S." The minima, which were recorded
on difterent days In various parts of the kingdom,
were as low as 39° in the " Midland Counties " and
" England, S.," and beween 41° and 46' elsewhere.
Rainfall has been less than the mean in all districts.
Bright sunshine has been rather less prevalent in
Ireland than during last week, but more so in most
other parts of the country. The percentages of possible
duration varied from 24 or 25 in Ireland to 31 in
"Scotland, W.," and 49 in " England, E." Depres-
sions observed. — During the greater part of this period
the barometer over our islands and Scandinavia was
influenced by depressions travelling in an east-north-
easterly direction, while in France pressure was com-
paratively high and steady. On the 19th, however,
the high pressure area extended over our islands ; but
on the 20lh, when a disturbance passed outside our
extreme western coasts, it again receded somewhat.
The winds were generally between S. and W., or
N.W., and during the earlier days of the period blew
freshly or strongly, occasionally reaching the force of
a moderate or fresh gale at some of our western and
northern stations. On the 20th, also, a moderate to
fresh gale was experienced in Ireland and the west of
Scotland.
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. Wm.
Rushton, Foreman at Drumpellier, as Gardener to
Lady Maxwell, Calderwell Castle, Lanarkshire,
N.B. — Mr. A. OCOCK, lor the last three and a half
years General Foreman at Preston Hall, Aylestord,
Kent, as Gardener to Major Roberts, Holborn
Court, Snodland. — Mr. Irving, for over twentyyears
Gardener to the Duke of Hamilton, at Easton Park,
as Gardener to E. Riggeo, Esq., Sefton Park,
Bucks,
FRUIT NOTES.
The Appl1!S Saiiarot and Etienne Pioux. —
From amongst the local sorts of French Apples we
have selected two which in many particulars have
become eminent, and which deserve to receive our
attention, and as they arc kinds that do as well with
us as they do there, should be taken in hand by our
own nurserymen. We call their attention to these
kinds so that they may make experiments, with the
view of recommending their extended propagation,
and the more so that it is not at all requisite to graft or
bud them on a stock, but simply to increase by division
of the suckers or brood that arise from root and stem,
as is done with the Paradise or .Splitt Apple. We take
the description of these two sorts from the pages of the
JCcviie Ilortieote, 1SS3, 217. The sorts are peculiar
to the Isle Re, where they are grown in great
numbers. The islet lies on the west coast of France,
opposite the old Huguenot fortress. La Rochclle,
and are there known as Pomme Sabarot and Pomme
Etienne Pioux. Left uncultivated they reach a height
of stem of about 6 feet, making magnificent heads,
which bear most abundantly every year. They are
not worked at all, as has been mentioned, but are
simply torn up by the peasants, and, regardless of
their having roots or not, are stuck into holes in the
earth, made by an iron dibble, such as is used in
planting young Vines. Probably it will be possible
to use these kinds as stocks for other Apples, or
for pot culture, for which purpose they seem to
possess the necessary qualifications. The variety
Sabarot makes vigorous growth, the leaves generally
being large, longish oval, light green on the upper
side, and whitish-green below, and coarsely toothed.
The blossoms are large, flesh coloured ; fruit medium,
about,2j inches in diameter, and 2 incheshigh; thestalk
thin, in a deep hollow, above which it seldom reaches ;
the eye open, and surrounded with a slightly folded
hollow. The rind bright, light yellow, more or less
spotted with red, and sometimes washed with rose on
the sunny side. The flesh is white, firm, sugary,
slightly acid, and pleasantly refreshing. It ripens
from November — April. It has been cultivated in the
parish of Des Portes, at the extremity of the island,
from very early times. The Apple Etienne Pioux is
also of vigorous growth, has many branchlets, and
forms a roundish broad head ; the leaves are large,
dark green on the upper side, white and woolly on
the under, longish oval and coarsely toothed. Fruit
tolerably large, conical, over 3 inches high and broad.
Stalk short, thin, in a small deep hollow. Eye open,
in a very much folded basin. Rind smooth, thin,
dark red over the great part of the surface, here and
there striped with brown. Flesh white, somewhat
yellowish, rosy under the rind, short and tender
together ; juice abundant, sugary, very slightly acid,
with a pleasant musky aroma. Ripe from November
— April. This sort is much grown in the parish Sainte
Maiie, about 7 T'rench miles distant from Des Portes,
and is distinguished by its beauty and fertility,
Garten Zeitung,
FiiOGMORE Prolific Apple. — I notice in Fruit
Notes lists of prolific Apples which ought tobe planted
in quantity. In every list are included those three
old favourite sorts — Lord Sulfield, Stirling Castle, and
Ecklinville Seedling ; but in the gardens here not one
of these can be compared with Frogmore Prolific
either in size, fertility, or keeping qualities. So highly
do I think of it, and so profitable have I found it for
Covent Garden, that last March I grafted six dozen
seedlings with it. Ecklinville Seedling, I must how-
ever say, to be perfectly fair, will keep longer. Be the
season good or bad, Frogmore Prolific has always been
loaded with very large and solid Apples. It can be
used as early as Lord Suffield, and will keep to Christ-
mas, which his lordship will not do ; again, it is
nearly double the size of Stirling Castle. Betty Geeson
and Emperor Alexander I have also proved to be very
prolific and profitable sorts to grow. Beauty of Hants,
although not quite so good in quality as Blenheim
Orange, is more prolific, and the trees come into bear-
ing sooner. The two Apples are kindred in many
respects. An Apple that kept sound with me this
year without shrivelling till the end of April was
Jonathan. It is not a free-bearing sort, but is a good
late dessert fruit. Can any of your readers give hints
how to cultivate successfully Cornish Gilllflower and
Esopus Spitzenberg ? The former I think, as it fruits
on the tips of the shoots, should not be touched with
the knife. While on the subject I must not omit to
244
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, 1S83.
mention as valuable and prolific Apples Jacques Lebel
and Dredge's Fame : the former ought to be planted
however small the collection, W, Carntichael^ Nowton^
Bury St. Edmunds,
Reine Claude Violette Plum. — This delicious
little Plum is well worth growing for early use on
east or west aspects. In the South it ripens in
August on walls — later on bushes or in pots in an
orchard-house. It is equally good for dessert com-
pots or preserving. For dessert use the fruit should
hang till it is slightly shrivelled, after which it should
be gathered quickly, as it then easily detaches itself.
When gathered for preserving uses the fruits are
better plucked before shrivelling begins. It is a very
abundant bearer, the fruits usually hanging in clusters.
The colour is dark blue, with a mealy-like bloom on
it. The tree is hardy, and a moderately strong grower
in good Plum soils. M,
Orchard Fruit Prospects. — I am beginning
to get rather dispirited as to how the orchard fruit
crops will finish, they are swelling off so badly.
Pears are but about half or two-thirds their usual size,
and are late in maturing into the bargain at that —
Doyenn^ d'Et^ and Green Chisel only just ready to
get, and August 20 here [Notts], and some that I
gathered off an early bush in the garden have ripened
woollily, and have little flavour in them. Jargonelles
and Bon Chretiens are only half their ordinary bulk.
Apples are the same. Keswick Codlins are small, and
though some have been gathered they are not up to
their average size or quality ; the same may be said
of the Russian Apple or Duchess of Oldenburg — I
am gathering these to-day (August 20.) Possibly the
present fine sunny days may bring a change ; it is to
be hoped so, as a change is much to be desired. We
have any amount of Apples, but I would prefer to
have fewer, and of fuller size, than such an abundance
of small and imperfect fruits as at present cover the
trees. N,
Reine Claude de Bavay Plum, — This is a
dessert Plum of great excellence, ripening in the
southern parts of the kingdom late in August and
September when grown on west or east walls, and
somewhat later on bushes. When thoroughly ripe
the fruits are violet and yellow if they have been
well exposed to the sun, and only yellow if not. It is
luscious and rich, and only slightly less sweet than
Jefferson when in its best condition ; but being rather
earlier than that kind on the same aspects, it will
often be at his best when the Jefferson, ripening a
week or ten days later, will be deficient in quality
owing to want of sun and warmth. The fruits are rather
larger than a well grown ordinary[Green Gage ; it is a
vigorous grower in suitable soils, setting freely, but
seldom bearing two abundant crops in succession. M,
ASCENT OF THE VOLCANO
OF CORAZON,
In proportion as we ascended the lomas or slopes
garnished with short grass, I noted the presence of
plants which I had never before observed, or which
presented themselves to me with an abundance and
an arrangement new to me. The Dandelion of the
Andes (Achyrophorus) is only met with here in its
white flowered variety, and the golden variety is no
longer to be found. The Acasnas (Acrena sericea,
and A, lappacea) are covered with bristly red heads.
Carpets of the little white Myosotis creeping over the
high Cordilleras clothe them with their verdure, and
are dotted with myriads of little white flowers. Ber-
beris multiflora, Baccharis genistelloides, and Gaudi-
chaudiana twine their short twisted branches along
the soil, as the furious wind of these heights prevents
them from growing erect, A charming Composite,
with white flowers, Vernonia disticha, the ' ' Romerillo "
(Hypericum laricifolium), Chsetogastra sulfurea, a
Melastomad with sulphur-yellow flowers marked with
brown ; an Acipurea, with azure perianths ; the tiny
corolla of the " Vergonzoza" (Gentiana sedifolia), the
violet flowers of another Gentian (G, cerastoides), the
astonishing Psittacanthus terrestris, the only known
terrestrial Loranth ; the Feretia pungens, with charm-
ing blue heads of flowers, like those of a Stokesia — all
these arranged in groups and spread out in the most
charming disorder, while the bitter wind made us bow
our heads on the necks of our mules. At the coldest
pass of the Paramo the last trees which resist the
depression of the temperature and the violent winds
are those strange Polylepis, with green flowers, whose
bark is cut into thongs that I saw for the first time,
Ed. Andri, " Lc Tour du Monde," pp. 394-96.
LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.
Epidendrum. — Continued from p. 204.
ir6. E. (AuLiZEUM) Keemesinum, Lindl., Fol. Orch.,
n. 94; Walp. Ann., vi., p, 349; ///. Hort,,
xxviii., p. 96. — Venezuela, Introduced by Linden
in 1842. Near E, erubescens ; sepals and petals
red, tipped with yellow ; lip white, spotted with
crimson,
ri7, E, (EUEPIDENDKUM — SUBUMBELLAT,^) LACEETI-
NUM, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., p. 53 ; Card.
Chron. 1841, p. 503 ; ^fourn. Hort. Sac. Lond., ii.,
p. 309, with a fig., copied in Ft. des Serres,
t. 376; Fol. Orch., n, 252; Walp. A?in., vi.,
p, 403. E. indiisiatum, Klotzsch ; Otto and
Dietr,, Allg. Gart. Zeii. 1854, p. 177. — Guate-
mala. Cultivated by Loddiges. Flowers bright
green, except the yellow column, and a little
purple stain on the lip. The latter is described as
resembling the hind part of a lizard projecting
from the centre of the flower.
118. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— AMPHIGLOTTIDE.E) LACE-
FUM, Lindl.,' Bot. Keg. 1838, Misc., p. 17 ; Fol.
Orch., n. 232 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 395. — Cuba.
Introduced by Captain Sutton ; cultivated by Sir
C. Lemon at Carclew. A slender species, with
narrow grassy leaves, and small pale, rosy flowers.
E. LACTIFLORUM = falcatura.
E. L.^VE = paniculatum.
119. E. (AULIZEUM) LAMBDA, Rchb. f., Bonplandia,
1854, p. 281 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 358 ; III.
Hort., xxviii., p. 96. — New Grenada. Introduced
by Linden in 1849. Closely allied to E. fragrans.
E. LAMELLATUM = stenopetalum.
120. E. (AULIZEUM — HOLOCHILA) LANCIFOLIUM,
Pa von ; Lindl., Ge7i. and Sp. Orch., p. 98 ; Fol.
Orch., n. 129 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p, 359 ; Bot.
Reg. 1842, t. 50 : Card. Chron. 1842, p. 639. —
Mexico and Guatemala. Like E. cochleatum,
but sepals and petals shorter, and lip quite spoon-
shaped, without any tendency to lobing at the
edge. Flowers pale green ; hp marked with
deep crimson radiating streaks.
E, Lansbergii = polyanthum.
121. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — SUBUMBELLATJE) I.ATI-
LABRE, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., p. 77 ;
Card. Chron. 1842, p. 24 ; Fol. Orch., n. 249 ;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 403.— West Indies to Peru
and Brazil, Cultivated by Loddiges, Like E.
umbellatum, but having a Up four times broader
than long.
E. LEIOBULEUM = varlcosum.
122. E. (AULIZEUM) LEOPARDINUM, Rchb. f., Linno'a,
xli., p. irz ; ///. Hon., xxviii., p. 96.— Ecuador?
Introduced by Linden.
123. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— SUBUMBELLAT/E) LEUCO-
CHILUM, Klotzsch ; Otto and Dietr., y4//^. Gartz.
1843, p. 145 ; Link, Klotzsch and Otto, Ic. PI.
Rar. Hort. Berol., p. 113, t. 46; Lindl., Fol.
Orch., n. 158 ; Lindl. and Paxt., Fl. Gard.. iii.,
p. 146, fig. 303 : Walp. Ann., vi. , p. 369 ; Gard.
Chron., n. s., iii., p. 780. E. flavidiim, Lindl.,
Orch. Linden, n. 48. — New Grenada. A robust
species, having medium size flowers, with narrow
green sepals and petals, and a pure white labellum
and column.
124. E. LILACINUM, Linden, ///. Hort., xxviii., p. 96.—
New Grenada. Introduced by Mr. J. Linden. I
have found no description of this.
125. E. (Encyclium— Sarcochila) limbatum, Lindl.,
Bot. Re^. 1843, Misc., p. 69 ; Fol. Orch., n. r7 ;
Walp. Ann., vi,, p. 325. — Guatemala. Intro-
duced by Skinner and cultivated by Loddiges.
Similar to E. glaucum, but larger, and its flowers
have roundish sepals and petals, Uke E.
squalidum.
E, Lindenianum ^ auritum.
126. E. LiNDENi, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1845, Misc., p. 48 ;
Fol. Orch., 227 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 393. — Vene-
zuela. Cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges, Near E.
Schomburgkii. Hort. Kew.
E. linearifolium =: aciculare.
E. lineatum ^ campylostalix.
E. LINEATUM =; fragrans.
127. E. (Barkeria) Lindleyana, Rchb. f, Walp.
Ami., vi., p. 375. Barkeria Lindleyana, Batem.,
Bot. Reg. 1842, Misc. , p. 2 ; Orch. Mex. and
Gnat., t. 28 ; Paxt. Mag. Bot., xiii, , p. 193, with
a coloured plate ; Bot. Mag., t. 6098 ; Gard.
Chron., n. s., ii., p. 419. — Costa Rica. Dis-
covered by Skinner, who sent it to Mr. Bateman.
A beautiful species, varying in the colour of the
flowers. Bateman's figure represents a variety
with rich rosy-purple flowers, whilst that in the
Botanical Magazine is mauve.
128. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) Linkeanum,
Klotsch ; Otto and Dietr., Allg. Gart. Zeit. 1838,
p. 298 ; Lindl., Fol. Orch.. n. 39 ; Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 332. E. Pastor is, Lindl. and Otto, Ic. PI.
Rar. Hort. Berol. , t. 12, non Llav. et Lex. E.
tripterum, Lindl., Hook. Jonrn. Bot., iii., p. 83 ;
Fol. Orch., n. 58. — Mexico. Introduced by
Deppe, and cultivated in the Berlin Botanic
Garden. Flowers small, dull yellow, streaked with
purple ; lip nearly white.
E. lividum = tessellatum.
(TV be continued.)
j4o]VtE j^ORRE^POJvlDEJ^lCE.
Successful Flower Shows. — Your remarks
under this heading last week as to the advisability of
adding other attractions to flower shows besides the
productions of horticulture in order to make them
financially successful, are confirmed in a remarkable
manner by the history of the society with which I
have the pleasure of being connected. It may be of
some use to struggling provincial societies to be told
how the Shropshire Horticultural Society has attained
an almost unprecedented success, and may prompt
them to try the same method. The first and most
indispensable condition is that those who manage a
society should be willing to recognise the fact that
everybody is not endowed with the same degree of
passionate admiration of flowers as themselves, and
that horticultural produce pure and simple requires
for its full appreciation a culture far beyond what the
masses possess. It is very difficult to bring one's mind
fully to realise this fact, hence the reluctance felt to
resort to any other means of attraction, but once
swallow this bitter draught and the cure is effected.
Prior to 1S76 exhibitions of flowers had died a natural
death in Shrewsbury — had reached utter bankruptcy
in fact— and everybody shrunk from attempting to
revive them on the old lines. It was determined,
however, to try what additional attractions would do;
a working committee was formed, permission from the
corporation was obtained to use the beautiful Quarry
Grounds, prizes to the extent of ^^153 were offered,
the band of the Coldstream Guards was engaged at a
cost of ..f 102, besides a local band at a cost of £2$,
athletic sports were organised, and ^^40 was deter-
mined to be spent on a display of fireworks. What
was the result ? We cleared over and above our ex-
penses ^469 ! Finding we had struck the right key
we have played on it ever since, and the following
table will briefly give the result, exclusive of sub-
scriptions and sale of tickets ; —
1876
1877
1878
1879
18S0
First day. | Second day.
I. d.
4 6
91
104 7
65 8
124 4
r34 7
156 I
1 10
3
381 3 8
528 6 I
398 8 10
653 12 8
824 15 o
1055 7 6
Total
£ s. d.
271 9 8
473 S 6
632 13 4
463 17 o
774 17 5
659 a o
1211 8 6
I much doubt whether any horticultural society in
the country can show better results than these. Be-
sides over £->,\z offered in prizes at the show last week,
^250 was spent in music, the bands of the Horse
Guards Blue and the Grenadier Guards being en-"
gaged, .£'243 spent in sports and fireworks, ^^40 in
balloon ascents, and £(>(, in advertising. As already
shown above we took £\zi\ in cash, we sold tickets
to the amount of ,^400, and our subscription list
amounts tO;^390. So that after paying all our ex-
penses we hope to realise a very handsome profit.
Besides presenting the Corporation of Shrewsbury
with a handsome bandstand, two sets of very elegant
iron gates for the Quarry Grounds, large donations
to public institutions of the town, we have an invested
capital of ,^1000 against a rainy day. This Society
was intended to supersede an annual pageant called
Shrewsbury Show, of the Lady Godiva type, which
had sunk down into a drunken and disreputable
affair ; this object led the committee to try the bold
experiment of introducing amusements for the multi-
tude, and now the Shropshire Horticultural Flte is
one of the great attractions of the midland district,
over 30,000 people having attended it on Thursday
last. That horticulture has not been swamped will
be shown on another page by your report. No doubt
we are singularly fortunate in having 20 acres of the
most beautiful grounds at no cost to the Society, pos-
sessing an avenue of Limes unsurpassed in Britain.
This ground is shaped somewhat like a lady's fan,
the entrance being at the handle, and a central
avenue dividing the ground into equal halves, one side
being devoted to flower shows and music, the other
to popular entertainments, the two branches being
kept as distinct as possible. William Phillips, F.L.S.,
Hon. Treasurer of the Shropshire Horticultural
Society, Aug. 20. [Floreat Salopia 1 Ed.
Bouquets of Wild Flowers.— I am so delighted
to read your remarks at p. 20S, on wild flowers, and
fully agreeing with all you say respecting the ugly
" bunches " of wild flowers which it has often been
my lot to see "huddled up together" at country
shows. Permit me to add a few words as to the
lovely effect produced by stands of wild blossoms.
Grapes, and different Ferns, or leaves well and lightly
arranged in a room. I do not think it is
August 2$, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
245
wise, or fair, to exhibit the simple " wildings of
Nature," as one of our poets terms them, by the side
of their cultivated and more brilliant relatives ;
but in a room, or on a dinner-table, provided
you are so utterly rustic as to dine by daylight, wild
flowers can hold their own. Try the effect of a
stand tilled with "Meadow Sweet "and "Ragged
Robin," interspersed with quaking grass ; or arrange
a few white glass vases with the pale blue Harebell,
now in bloom, and wreathe the stems of the glasses
with small-leaved, trailing, dark-veined Ivy sprays.
In moorland districts you have the various sorts of
Heath to select from ; and a little later on we shall
get autumnal and winter berries for decoration.
Dwellers in the country may, if they like to use their
eyes, and have a little taste in respect to arrangement,
find suflicient materials in the hedge-rows to fill their
flower-stands with beauty during every month in the
year nearly. Helen It. U'atney.
Collections of Wild Flowers at E.xhibitions.
— After reading your article on this subject in your
last issue, in every word ot which I fully concur, I
would apologise for having misapprehended the pur-
port of your former article. Most heartily would I
join you in condenming the hideous " floral devices "
alluded to, as well as the tasteless bouquets sometimes
to be seen, Well considered conditions and judicious
judging would cure these evils in a short time. As
naming plants composing bouquets of cultivated
flowers is never made a condition of merit, so I think
it should not be when wild flowers are used. Most
certainly rarity of species should be excluded from
conditions. The development of taste in combining
form and colour is surely a sufficient object at which
to aim, and this can be done with our commonest wild
flowers. Since writing to you, the exhibition of the
society with which I am connected has taken place,
and the groups of wild flowers sent in were highly
satisfactory, and were a source of great attraction. I
am hoping our committee will extend their prizes next
year to include "table decorations," so affording
another opportunity for the display of taste among
competitors. IV. P.
Melons, — The big Melon shown by Mr. Rutland
at the last meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society
sets one thinking if it were not practicable to grow
such kinds here without the paraphernalia of pits,
linings, hot water, and the rest. Many will object to
such enormous Melons altogether, but to those I
would say, grow more on a plant, and you will then
have them as small as you like, the flavour remaining
the same. The varieties of Melons grown in Eng-
land at present have several shortcomings, to wit,
their tenderness in constitution, thinness of rind and
consequent liability to crack, a habit of falling a prey
to red-spider, and to going off at the collar, to say
nothing of other maladies that are known to all gar-
deners, and need not be mentioned here. Our Melons
are, after all the boasting of their raisers, only sugar
and water, plus anevanescent aroma, which is so fleeting
that they must be eaten up as soon as they are cut
open, or they will become so flat and flavourless as
to be uneatable with any relish. The Melons grown
on the Continent are eaten by everybody, rich and
poor, and are very cheap, as those who have
travelled through middle and southern Europe can
testify. They may be seen pitched in the open
market by the waggonload, and fruits weighing five
pounds or more are sold for twopence, and even less,
in the height of the season. I will admit there is a
shorter period of Melon eating than with us, but they
come in at the hottest season, and would not be en-
joyed at any other, as people there eat what is proper
to the season, not that which it is the fashion to eat, in
and out of season as here, till every kind of
vegetable almost has lost its enjoyableness. The
kinds grown are usually varieties of the Persian,
Astrakan, or Cabul sorts, and I do not
imagine there is any great effort made by the
trade to keep stocks select ; nor, indeed, would it
be possible to do so when the fruits are grown by the
acre, and by people who do not believe in any nicety
being required in such matters. Each grower selects
his own from fruits that please his fancy, or he gets a
quart or so from his neighbour. The seedsmen in,
we will say, French or Hungarian towns will sell
what is about an ounce of seeds of any sort he keeps
for about 5(/., English ; this may be of one kind, or a
melange of twenty. The extra warmth of Continental
summers compared with ours allows of the field or
open air culture of Melons of the varieties above-
named, but only on the lower levels. The dwellers
in the alpine regions, and on the highlands of Bavaria,
cannot succeed with even those ; but at any rate
they can easily satisfy their palates with the fruits
at places in the warmer plains and valleys. The
Melon seeds are sown usually where they are to
stand, on little hillocks of earth, underneath which
there may be a small portion of manure, but oftener
there is none. Sometimes they are sown under the
partial shade of Maize, in which case the Melon plants
benefit by the manure given to that crop j but I think
if the farmer thought the Melon robbed his Maize he
would not grow the two in such close proximity.
Evidently he does not think so, but believes the Melon
to be merely a surface rooter, and a plant that derives
no small portion of its nutriment from the air, for
which its large absorbent foliage eminently fit it. No
"stopping" or " cutting " is ever done, unless it be
in the case of earlier crops in private gardens, when
these are grown under dung-bed frames of exceedingly
primitive construction, the plants being allowed to
grow unrestrained, merely the ground being kept clean
by the hoe. It is seldom that any recourse is had to
watering, unless the plants are growing on dung-beds,
or they are required of an extra size. Thus far as
regards the outlines of Melon-growing there. Now
it may be possible that by growing the same kinds of
Melons as are grown in the open there we might get
fruits here in much greater quantities in August and
September, and so make them cheaper for our
consumers, and provide them with a more wholesome
article than those which are imported from Spain and
northern Africa, and which necessarily are cut long
before they are ripe. These kinds would not ripen
their fruits without the aid of glass, but we should
merely require the lights, not the sides ; these could
be taken away at any time during June or the begin-
ning of July, and the former could be supported on
stakes, pots, or what not. The plants should then
be allowed to run beyond the bounds of the frames,
and should be quite unrestricted in growing. If any
stopping of shoots was done, it would be followed
by a pernicious mass of side growths that would
only make confusion where none was before ; setting
might be requisite, but if the plants had been treated
as half-hardy plants are before planting-out, the bees
would have easy access to the frames before the sides
were taken away, and they would have successfully
performed the operation. Owing to the excessive
evaporation of moisture from the foliage under this
treatment, coupled with their inability to benefit from
night dews, the plants would require daily syringings
on bright days towards the evening, and occasional
waterings to compensate for the want of rain. The
culture would be as simple as that of early Marrows,
and could be made to pay in the southern parts of
England. I may mention that I made experiments
with our best English kinds in the open, in Hungary,
as field crops, but they failed miserably, the thin rind
splitting at all stages of the growth after rain ; but
under lights and no sides I was successful, as I could
gauge the water supply entirely. Under this half
exposed treatment no red-spider need be feared, and
thrips, scalding, and rotting olf at the collar are
quite unknown. It need not be said that the flavour
is particularly good, but the Melons of the varieties
named in this communication are most enjoyable
when eaten with red wine and grated loaf sugar, the
pulp being scraped out with a spoon into a plate, and
then the sugar strewed over it first, and then just
enough wine poured over to saturate it. They are
often eaten with a mild variety of red pepper. M.
Big Potatos. — The monster Potato is now super-
seding the big Gooseberry, as a phenomenon of public
interest. We have already read notices of newly
lifted whoppers, and no doubt abundant material for
other notices is being found, each one out-Heroding
Herod in the dimensions of its Potato wonders until a
point is reached beyond which human credibility
can no farther go. If any person endowed with the
gifts of patience and research should at some time
favour the horticultural world with a history of monster
Potatos I trust there will also be appended in each
case some information as to the uses to which these
giants were put. Amongst humanity we find a giant
or monster being of either sex to be a most cumbrous,
useless person, utterly unfit for ordinary purposes or
occupations, and only fit for notoriety and public ex-
hibition. Big Potatos seem to me to play exactly the
same part in their more restricted sphere of existence,
with the exception that perchance whilst the human
monster is finally decently buried, as_is the lot of most
human beings, the giant Potato goes to the pigs, and
unless well boiled and rendered palatable is perchance
rejected by those omnivorous creatures as worthless.
When we reflect upon this common destiny of all
Potato whoppers I ask what earthly good can result
from bringing them into the world ? To me big
Potatos are great nuisances, they are neither fit for
cooking, for seed, or for sale, and as I do not keep pigs
I cannot utilise them even thus profitably ; and I take
it that my own estimate of them is that of thousands of
others who grow Potatos for ordinary purposes and not
for the production of useless ungainly monsters. No
doubt there are authorities, for instance, who, because
they live remote from London, and, therefore, must
know better than London people do, will say, " Oh,
monster, hard, flavourless Potatos are just what the
Cockneys like," and when such rubbish is indited
there are found no lack of fools to believe it. A
neighbouring market grower said but a few days since,
" I have a splendid crop of Dawes' Matchless Kidney,
but the shopkeepers up the road complain of them
that they run too big ; they prefer medium even size
to a big sample." One such fact as that tells with a
hundred times more force than do the absurd state-
ments of ignorant writers, I venture to assert that
it is not only in the London market, but generally in
all other of our home markets, an even table size in
the tubers will always command a readier sale and a
better price than will a big sample even of the same
sort. I was much struck with an observation which
fell from my market grower friend when I lifted for
his inspection a root of one of our new kidneys. The
sample was to his mind perfect, and he counted out
ten really capital ware tubers from the root. Then
close by was lifted a root of a new American kind,
from which came four overgrown tubers. "Ah,"
he said, " I would sooner have a bushel of the first
than three of the others ; indeed, I do not know that I
would have them at any price, as they would never
sell." So that it becomes evident it is not bulk alone
that pays, but it must be a saleable bulk ; and half a
crop so called is often far more profitable if the tubers
be of medium size, even, and of good flavour, than
when twice the bulk, big, coarse, and indifferent. It is
very hard work to contend in judging and in other ways
against the strong passion for bigness in tubers that
rules. One well meaning friend who offers prizes
specially to encourage the production of big tubers,
apologises for what seems to be an anachronism, on
the ground that we want kinds to fill the bushels ;
that may be so in the vulgar sense, but Potatos have
other uses than to fill bushels ; their chief and indeed
only useful purpose is to form food, and whilst tubers
of medium size, and of any fairly good kind, make the
best of Potato food, big coarse tubers present it in
the very worst form. It is an undoubted fact that
is as true of other roots as of Potatos, that just as
they increase in size, , so does the proportion of flesh-
forming principles ^ey contain relatively diminish,
and the proportion of water increases, so that a big
bushel-filling tuber of fourteen or sixteen ounces,
relatively, is far less suitable for human food and
sustenance than is one of from six to eight ounces.
The very best average size for table tubers, having
some regard to crop also, is found in those that
average six ounces ; and any variety that under fair
cultivation gives one third more tubers of such weight
than does a kind which gives a lesser number of
bigger tubers, is really the most useful and profitable
one. There really seems to be little difference of
opinion after all as to what sized tubers are best for
the table, but a diverse rule prevails on the show
table, where if big tubers are fairly handsome also,
they carry all before them. Look at the bulk, say
the advocates of size ; but is bigness a recommenda-
tion in their eyes in all other cases, and if not, why
are they not consistent ? Well, if they believe in
bulk, I believe in quality, and am quite prepared to
look at that feature also. Big Potatos are no more
to be preferred to lesser ones than is a Belle Ange-
vine Pear to a Marie Louise. A. D., Bedfont.
Ruta patavina.— I heartily thank Herr Max
Leichtlin for his kind note upon the above in last
weeks Gardeners' Chronicle^ and upon his evidence
shall take even greater interest in the plant. I am
sure now my treatment has been wrong, and shall
gladly follow the lines laid down in his remarks. T.
The Zittauer Onion.— I am glad to see this sort
favourably noticed in your report on the Chiswick
trials of Onions at p. 215, as I am sure it is in every
way worthy of the attention alike of private growers
and market cultivators. It is a quick grower, an
excellent keeper, and mild in flavour. A crop mode-
rately thinned will, on good ground, grow bulbs up to
12 inches in diameter on an average, and with still
more liberal treatment of course of a much larger
size than that. I grew it largely in Austria for home
consumption, and there it is one of the acknowledged
market kinds, although not as yet the one most gene-
rally grown, it being too new for that, especially as
the growers there are quite as conservative as our
own. RI.
Lapageria rosea. — Having received several letters
respecting the Lapageria flowers which I exhibited at
the last meeting of the Floral Committee, some of
the writers asking for a bloom, others wishing to know
if it is the variety superba, allow me to say that I
contend it is not, but that in my opinion, and in the
opinion of all who see the two growing together here,
it is a better variety, being much larger and more
free in flowering. I may state that both sorts are
growing here in the conservatory under exactly similar
conditions. Both were planted on the same day four
years ago, and both have made wonderful growth.
The variety named splendens has at the present time
over 500 blooms fully expanded, and being mixed
with the lovely variety alba, which is doing equally
well, the effect is very pleasing. I send some blooms
of each variety for your opinion. Ceo. Humphrey ^ The
Gardens^ Nash Court, Faversham. [The blooms
received, and those shown at South Kensington, were
as much superior to the variety known as superba as
that is to the original type of rosea, Ed.]
246
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, 1883.
Flopts' I'laiif^ra.
The Carnation and Picotee. — The exhibition
o( these flowers, which was held in the Town Hall,
Manchester, on August 14, practically brought llie
season to a close. I did not attend the Manchester
Exhibition, but Mr. Ben Simonite writes me to say
that the flowers were in capital condition — clean and
bright. The competition for the prizes has not been
so keen at any of the previous exhibitions of the
Society, which is fitly called "National," It is very
pleasing to record the fact that several new exhi-
bitors entered the lists as competitors, and weie
sjccessful in carrying off some of the more important
prizes. Mr. Simonite was successful in obtaining the
principal r^^z^s both for Carnations and Picotees, his
best blooms being seedlings raised by himself. Richard
Gorton, Esq., of Eccles, was again successful in
carrying off the highest honours in the amateurs' class
for the growers of a limited number of pairs of Car-
nations and Picotees. The contest for "premium"
Carnation culminated in the contest between a bloom
of Master Fred (Hewitt), C.B., from Mr. Slack, of
Chesterfield, and John D. Hextal, C.B. (Simonite), in
the stand of its raiser, the award going by a majority
of votes to Master Fred. The premium Picotee was
Zerlina (Lord), sent by Mr. Witham — a good heavy
purple.edge when at its best, although it is now beaten
by Mrs. Chancellor (Turner).
The question may be asked by some, "What have
we gained by the three important exhibitions held
under the auspices of the National Carnation and
Picotee Society ? " We have gained much useful in-
formation of a kind that will add to our knowledge
of the culture of the plant, of the method of exhibit-
ing it, and also that new varieties sent out within the
last few years are gradually displacing those raised in
years previous to that. As an instance we take
Admiral Curzon, S.B., first on the list in all the
catalogues, and first in position at all the exhibi-
tions for thirty years at least. Of this fine old
variety Mr. Turner remarked to me that it would
now have to fall into the background and give place
to newer and better sorts. Mr. Dodwell's new
varieties, such as Fred, Robert Lord, Arthur Med-
hurst, George, &c., will take their place with most
growers, as they are much more vigorous ; still I
have faith in our old favourite, and believe that a well
grown bloom of " Curzon " may yet win premium,
even if Fred and Robert Lord are there.
In the pink and purple bizarres Sarah Payne has
held the highest place for as long a time as
"Curzon" has in its class ; the form of the flower is
certainly not first-rate, but it is of a pleasing colour,
and a great favourite. Our friend, Mr. Dodwell, has
made quite a revolution in this class ; Mrs. Barlow,
a large full flower of beautiful form ; Thomas
Moore, quite distinct from any other Carnation,
and richer in colour ; Miss Henderson, and Mrs.
Gorton, both distinct and good flowers, will hand
down the raiser's name to posterity. This year Mr.
Dodwell has exhibited another flower, quite distinct
in its exquisite form and rich colours, named Mrs.
jVnstiss, which I have no doubt will speedily elbow
its way to the front. There are very numerous really
good flowers in the purple flake cl.ass. James Douglas,
so far, is certainly the best of them ; but this season
Mr. Dodwell has introduced one which has been
named Squire Whitbourn. It flowered at Great
Gcaries with me, and Mr. Simonite was so taken with
it when I showed him a flower that he said it was
one of the best Carnations Mr. Dodwell had raised.
Both this and Mrs. Anstiss received First-class Certi-
ficates at Slough. We have quite a novelty of colour
in Dorothy, rose flake. It is the same colour as Mrs.
Burnaby Atkins, but a fuller and better marked
flower. It is pale soft rose, and for its novelty and
good form received a First-class Certificate. Samuel
33arlow, crimson bizarre, may find a place in a class
that contains many fine varieties ; it was not shown
at its best at Slough, but nevertheless it was good
enough to obtain a First-class award.
The raisers all try to obtain good flowers in the
classes for flakes and bizarres, but if by any chance
good fancy or self-coloured flowers appear among the
others there are many people who admire them, and
the dealers have no difficulty in selling them. At one
time all the run flowers were discarded. The white,
rose, scarlet, purple, crimson and maroon selfs, have
always found admirers, and always will do so ; but
in a large collection many of the flakes and bizarres
will come with self flowers, and will reproduce them-
selves the following season. Run flowers very
frequently revert again to the perfect flower from
which they sported. It may be as well to state that
what is termed a run flower by the growers, is a
bizarre without any white in it ; and as the purity
of the white is the point that decides the merit of a
well formed flower, it is worthless for exhibition with-
out it.
In Picotees there are not many flowers introduced
to public notice this year that call for special remark.
In heavy red-edges Princess of Wales, John Smith,
Brunette, and Mrs. Dodwell, have most good
qualities and fewest faults. J. B. Bryant is a large
and handsome flower in this class, and would be the
best of them, but the white is often impure. In light
red-edges, Mrs. Gorton Is the best we have as yet,
and is a seedling raised by Mr. Ben Simonite, who
also raised and sent out Violet M. Douglas.
Thomas William is also a fine flower in this class.
Mr. Thomas Bower, of Bradford, has raised two
varieties in this class that still hold a good place,
viz., Mrs. Bower and Clara; the first named was
very fine with us this year.
In heavy purple flakes Muriel and Mrs. Chancellor
are as yet the best in the class. One or two new ones
were exhibited this year, but they were not pure
enough in the white. Baroness B. Coutts in light
purple is the latest good addition, but I find it has the
same fault as Mary (from which it may probably be a
seedling), the reverse of the petals being highly
coloured.
The heavy rose-edges have received an excellent
addition this year in Mrs. Webb (Turner) ; it is a large,
handsome flower, a trifle rough in the outline. This,
with Constance Heron, are good additions to a very
weak section of a beautiful class. Of the paler edged
type, Esther Minnie, sent out last year, will take the
lead when well known. Mrs. Payne, the most beau-
tiful Picotee yet: raised, has a medium edge. Of the
fine wire-edged type Mrs. Allcroft is the most typical
form ; the white is very pure, and the edge is as fine
as if a fine wire encircled it.
When one gets amongst the yellow Picotees it is not
difficult to see that there is quite twenty-five years of
careful hybridising before we can attain unto the per-
fect form and correct markings of the white ground
varieties, and one cannot cease to lament the loss of
many fine varieties raised twenty-five or thirty years
ago, and now lost to cultivation. Mr. Ben Simonite
has told me that he has seen flowers of a clear bright
yellow colour with a fine wire-edge of scarlet. Where
are they ? Echo answers. Where ? If we had such
flowers now and could cross them with the beautiful
varieties raised by Mr. Turner it would materially
simplify our labours in the effort to reach the standard
of Mrs. Gorton, Mrs. Chancellor, or Mrs. Payne.
These yellow varieties are not very prolific pollen
bearers, and seeds cannot be obtained by measure ;
indeed, it is not difficult to count the produce of a
hundred choice flowers that have been carefully
marked for hybridisation. It seems, too, that these
yellow varieties of the Prince of Orange type are not
quite so hardy as one would wish, and they come in
rather later than the other sections, which is rather a
disadvantage if they are wanted for exhibition, J.
Doii!/h\s, Great Gcaries, Iljord.
%
^
^
OruNTiA TUNiCATA. — I have called this corner
of Ihe globe "Nature in arms." Judge for your-
self. In remounting the slopes of the left bank of
the Chota in a burning sand, mixed with all kinds
of volcanic debris, between the high bare summits
where the rock is striped with red ferruginous veins,
my mule, ordinarily so quiet, made suddenly a bound
aside, which nearly threw me ofi"; she reared and
galloped away, groaning with pain. When she was
at last mastered I got down, examined her, and saw
that her legs were stuck over with green balls with
long- white needles, which penetrated the flesh. This
frightful plant was Opuntia tunicala, a Cactus with a
cylindrical stem, bristling with large transparent
spines, which were hollow, and terminated by a dart,
bent like a fish-hook, which breaks off in the wound
and cannot be taken out. It was more than a week
before my poor steed was freed from the hundreds of
little wounds caused by this abominable vegetablf?
porcupine. Ed. Andrt; " Z^ Tour du Monde"
/. 370.
Weston-super-Mare Horticultural : Aiigusl
14. — Tlieannuj.l exhibition of this Society was quite up to
ilie usual average, although some of the large fine-foliage
plants that add so much to the general effect were
absent. On the other hand several of the groups of
flowering plants were unusually fine, large, profusely
flowered, and as fresh as those generally brought out in
the earliest part of the exhibition season. Roses were
in great force, and rarely seen in such fine condition in
August. The strange season we have had, with dripping
weather, seems to have suited the late bloom. It is
somewhat early yet for Gladioli and Dahlias, but some
of those staged were in fine condition. Fruit, especially
hardy sorts, was both plentiful and very fine — Apples,
in particular the early culinary kinds, being a contrast to
the produce of the last two or three seasons both in size
and general condition, notwithstanding that this most
useful of fruits does not appear to be so generally even
in the crop as in parts of the country less celebrated for
Apples than this and the adjacent counties.
In the principal open class for twelve plants in or out
of flower, Mr. Cypher, of Cheltenham, came out in his
best form, staging a fine group that was easily ist ,
amongst them being txora amai}ilis, I. Williamsii, and
Dipladenia amabilis, large and profusely bloomed, with
Erica Mamockiana, E. Austiniana, AUamanda Hender-
soni, and A. nobilis, little inferior. Mr. Mould, Pewsey
was a good 2d, putting up a very creditable lot of nicely
grown plants, the most noteworthy of which were a
finely-flowered Bougainvillea glabra unusually well
coloured ; Erica Irbyana, E. Lindleyana, and the bright
red E. cerinthoides coronata ; 3d, Mr. Hughes, gr, toH,
Pethick, Esq. , Weston-super-Mare. With six stove and
greenhouse plants in flower Mr. C3'pher was also ist,
showing a beautifully flowered half-dozen, in which
Erica temula was literally a mass of bloom ; 2d, Mr,
Mould. With six fine-foliaged plants Mr. Cypher again
scored ist honours, Mr. Mould being 2d. Six Ferns.
— ist, Mr. Mould, with a nice group, in which
was a good specimen of Asplenium nidus - avis,
and Gleichenia rupestris ; 2d, Mr. S. Brown, Weston-
super-Mare, having along with others an unusually fine
example of the climbing Fern, Lygodium scandens,
Adiantums, as usual at Weston, were forthcoming in
fresh healthy condition, Mr. Hughes taking the lead
with a good six ; 2d, Mr. Lane, gr. to F. Taylor, Esq.,
W^eston-suder-Mare. In the new or rare plant class
Mr. Cypher was ist with Dendrobium Dearei.
Zonal Pelargoniums were nicely shown, Mr. Brown
taking ist honours for six, as also for six Fuchsias, tall
pyramids from [7 to 8 feet in height. With tuberous
Begonias, Mr. Hughes came in ist with a nicely bloomed
group, including double as well as single varieties.
In the amateurs' division Mr. Pain, gr, to W. Ash,
Esq., took the lead with six stove and greenhouse
plants in bloom ; 2d, Mr. J. Matthews, gr. to T. T.
Knyfton, Esq. For six fine-foliage plants, also, the ist
honours went to Mr. Pain, whose group contained a
large healthy example of Cycas revoluta, showing
flower ; Mr. Lane was 2d
Cut Flowers. — Roses, as already mentioned, wore
plentiful and in unusually good condition for the time of
year. In the open class for twenty-four varieties, three
blooms of each, Messrs. Paul, The Old Nurseries, Ches-
hunt, scoreda clear win ; many of Iheir'flowcrs would have
been creditable in the height of the season : amongst the
best were Due de Rohan, Emilie Hausberg, Mons. E. Y.
Teas, La France, Devienne Lamy, Mrs. Jowett, and
Jules Finger ; Messrs. Keynes & Co., Salisbury, were a
very good 2d ; and Mr. Cooling, Bath, 3d. also showing
a good stand. For twelve Teas, Messrs. Paul were also
ist, with charming flowers, themostnoteworthy of which
were Rove d'Or, Anna Olivier, and Madame Lambard ;
2d, Messrs, Keynes. With twenty-four Dahlias, Messrs.
Keynes took the lead ; Mr. A. Hill being 2d. Single
Dahlias, twelve varieties, three blooms of each, with
foliage and buds. — ist, Mr, A. A. Walters ; 2d, Mr. j.
Matthews. In the class for twenty-four Gladiolus Mr.
Dobree, Wellington, took the lead with a beautiful lot of
spikes ; 2d, Mr. S. Brown, Weston-super-Mare. Cut
flowers, in stands of twenty-four varieties, shown in
bunches, made a nicedisplay : ist, Mr. Howe, gr. to L. Fry,
Esq., having red and white Lapagerias, Ixoras, Stepha-
notis, Eucharis, &c. ; 2d, Mr. O'Brien, gr. to Mrs. King.
Hand bouquet. — ist, Mr. Cypher ; 2d, Mr. S. Brown.
Bntlon-hole bouquets. — ist, Mr. Cypher; 2d, Mr.
Mattock.
Fkuit. — With eight dishes Mr, Austen, gr. to Sir
Greville Smyth, Ashton Court, was well ahead with a
good collection, consisting of Black Hamburgh and
Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Early Grosse Mignonne
Peaches, Elruge Nectarines, Negro Largo Figs, a
Smooth Cayenne Pine, Ashton Seedling Melon, and
Cherries. Mr. Iggulden, gr. to the Earl of Cork, was
2d, his collection containing nice Black Hambnrghs and
Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Bellegarde Peaches, and a
Melon. 3d, Mr. Grossman, Cossington. There were a
number of exhibitors in the class for three bunches of
Black Hamburgh Grapes, Mr. Austen coming in ist with
nicely finished examples ; 2d, Mr. Iggulden ; 3d, Mr.
Carpenter, gr. to J. G. Livingstone, Esq., Westbury.
Three bunches of white Grapes. — With these, likewise,
Mr. Ausien took the lead, showing Muscats ; 2d, Mr.
Shelton, gr. to W. K. Wait, Esq., Clifton ; 3d,
Mr. Pain. Three bunches Black Grapes, not Ham-
burghs.- — ist, Mr. Daffurn, gr. to Mrs. Walker, with
nice bunches of Madresfield Court ; 2d, Mr. Trolnian
August 25, iSSj.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
247
gr. to H. A. Willis, Esc|., Bristol. Single Pine— ist,
Mr, Au.stL-n, with Smoolli CaycmiL-. Tliurc were several
exhibitors of Teaches, showing fine highly coloured Iruil,
Mr. Datfurn taking the load witli a beautiful dish of
Grossc Mignonno ; Mr. Trotman 2d. Neciarinci wore
equally well represented, Mr. Austen b-jing ist with
CN-cellent eximples of Pinc-apple ; 2d, Mr. D ilTurn. with
JClrugc. For a dish of Apricots the 1st |>ri/x went lo
Mr. Iggidden, who ind nice Moor Park ; 2 I, Mr. Pear.
Mr. Austen took another lit for a g )ud dish of Ne>>;to
Largo Pigs. Uesscrt Apples from trees grown under
glass are usually shown here in pretiy condition. Mr.
Davey took the lead with Bath Needling, a handsome
early sort, said lo be of good llavour ; 2d, Mr. A. T.
llall. Mr. Uavey was likewise ist with culinary Apples,
showing very line Lord SaHiekl. Pears. — ist, Mr.
A. 'P. PPill. Plums. — ist, Mr. W. T. Crossman.
Clierries.— ist, Mr. Iggulden. CoUecti in of vegetables,
eight distinct kinds. — ist, Mr. Austen ; 2d, Mr. Tilly,gr.
to Col. Cotgrave ; 3d, Mr. Fletcher, gr. to W. E, C.
Uaw, Kstj.
TAunton Deane Horticultural: Au^n-:,' i6. —
This Society's exiilbition was as u'^ual held in the Vivaiy
Park. It is well within the m irk to say, that on this occa-
sion the linest display of (lowering and line-foliaged plants
was brought together wliicli the Society has ever had,
and, in all probability, the best that has been forthcoming
at any place widiin the kingdom during the year. In
the principal open class for twelve plants in bloom, for
which the handsome prizes of _^2o, ;i^i2 10s., and
£j loj. were offered, there were four competitors,
amongst them some of the most noted growers of the
day, who had evidently reserved their strength for an
extraordinary effort, the result of which was that such a
lot of plants were brought together as not often seen in
recent years. On this occasion Mr. Cypher, of
Cheltenham, came out in great force, taking the ist
prize with a profusely flowered dozen, the pick of
which were Ixora Pilgrimii, I. WilUamsii, I. amabilis,
Dipladenia amabilis, Krica cemula, E. Marnockiana,
and li. Austiniana, profusely flowered, with others
little inferior. Mr. J. Cole, gr. to J. II. Lawless,
Esq., Exeter, was a close 2d, with a dozen only
a little inferior to the winner's, but not quite so even in
quality, his best specimens being Erica Marnockiana,
one of the finest examples of successful Ileath culture
ever staged, being nearly 5 feet through and covered
with bloom of the highest quality ; with it was Dipla-
denia Erearleyana, D. amabilis, AUamanda nobilis, A.
Hendersoni, and Eucharis amazonica, all in beautiful
condition. Mr. Lock, gr. to B. W. Cleave, Esq., was a
good 3d, showing in a well managed group Ixora Prince
of Orange, Bougainvillea glabra, AUamanda nobilis, and
Erica obbata purpurea, finely bloomed. With six stove
and greenhouse plants in flower, Mr. Lucas, gr. to J.
Marshall, Esq., came in ist, with a fine half-dozen, the
best ot which were Ixora Prince of Orange, and Dipla-
denia amabilis ; 2d, Mr. J. V. Mould ; 3d, Mr. Cypher,
in whose half-dozen was a fine specimen of Hcemanthus
magnifica, bearing twelve very large heads of bloom. In
the class for twelve stove and greenhouse plants (ama-
teurs) Mr. Lucas was the only exhibitor, taking the ist
prize with a nice collection in which was a finely flowered
plant of Erica Kingscotian.i, Anthurium Andreanum, a
grand variety bearing seven flowers, the largest spathes
of which were 8^ inches long by 6 inches broad, and a
remarkable specimen of Attacia cristata, with several of
its singular heads of flowers, borne on stalks nearly a
yard in height.
FiNE-roLiAGE Plants, &c. — In the class for eight, the
competition was so close that Mr. Cole and Mr. Cypher
were placed equal ist ; Mr. Cole had an immense speci-
men of Nepenthes Rafflesiana, bearing a fine lot of
its large highly-marked pitchers, with grand plants of
Kentia Belmoreana, Encephalartos villosus ampliatus,
Livistonia altissima, and Croton undulatus. Mr.
Cypher's best were Croton Williamsii, in the form of
a large bush, and the yellow and crimson colouring un-
usually bright ; C. johannis, Alocasia intermedia, 5V feet
tlirough ; with several large Palms. Six fine-foliage
plants.— ist, Mr. Lock ; 2d. Mr. Thomas, gr. to W. G.
Marshall, Estp With four Mr. Cypher took the lead,
staging nice examples of Odontoglossum Uro-Skinneii,
Saccolabium Blumei niajus, Cattleya superba, and
Cypripedium barbatum. Exotic Ferns were grandly
shown by Mr. Lock, who was first with eight, a good
lot, in which were inmiense plants of Cibotium prin-
ceps, with Davallia polyantha and D. Mooreana, each
9 feet through ; Nephrolej^is davalloides furcans, and
others little inferior ; Mr. Cole, who was a good 2d,
had, amongst others, large healthy plants ol Gleichenia
MendeHi, G. spelunca', and microlepis hirta cristata.
Six Ferns. — ist, Mr. Lock ; 2d, Mr. F. Woodland.
Lycopodiums, as usual here, were unusually fine, Mr.
Lock taking the ist prize, Mr. Cole the 2d, both staging
Urge, extremely well-grown plants. Hardy Ferns were
well done, Mr. Lock taking ist honours with eight,
and Mr. Huxtable the 2d with smaller examples.
Fuchsias were extremely good , the specimens being
large and lull of flower ; witli six Mr. H. Godding was
ist, and Mr. Ilealy, gr. to F. Woodland, ICsq.. a close
2d. Eight zonal Pelargoniums, — ist, Mr. Godding, with
a nicely managed set ; Mr. Wills, gr. to Mr. Jacobs,
Esq., 2d. Eight variegated varieties. — ist, Mr. Godding;
2d, Mr. Seafield, gr. to W. Daffurn, Esq. I''ight
nosegay varieties. — ist, Mr. Wills ; 2d, Mr. Godding.
Achimenes were in beautiful order, large, and pro-
fusely flowered, with a nice assortment of colour. Mr.
Lucas came in ist with four, and Mr. Kimmune, gr. to
H. Baldock, Esq., 2d. Four Lilies. — ist, Mr. Huxtable.
Six Begonias. — ist, Mr. Boobier ; 2d, Mr. Healy.
Cut Floweks.— Roses were in fine condition for tlie
advanced season. Messrs. Keynes, of Salisbury, took
the lead with forty-eight (singles), with a stand contain-
ing beautiful flowers of Star of Waltham, Madame
Victor Verdier, Xivier Olibo, l'"erdinand de Lesseps,
Charles Lefebvre, Wilson Saunders, Marie Rady,
Countess of Oxford, Marie Baumann, and Souvenir dc
Spa; 2d. J. Mattock, Esq. Twenty-four (trebles). —
Messrs. Keynes, lot — here also staging a fine lot of
blooms ; 2d, Messrs. Cooling .S; Son. In the amateurs'
class of twenty-four Mr. S. P. Budd was ist, and
Mr. Smith 2d. Dahlias were well represented, Messrs.
Keynes taking the 1st prize with twenty-four, amongst
which were grand flowers of King of Denmark, Imperial,
Mr. J. C. Reed, C. J. Wyatt, and J. W. Lord ; 2d, Mr.
J. Nation. Messrs. Keynes were also ist for twelve
Dahlias, and Mr. Nation 2d. Twelve fancy Dahlias.—
Here again Messrs. Keynes took the lead ; Mr. Nation
being 2d. Twelve single Dahlias. — ist, Messrs. Cooling;
2d, Mr. Nation. Gladiolus were in magnificent form,
Messrs. Kelway taking ist with twenty-four spikes,
.amongst which were some splendid seedlings, the follow-
ing of whicli were awarded i'irst-class Certificates : — ■
Pclarge, a fine spike, with immense individual flowers,
crimson-scarlet with violet feather ; Princess Charlotte, a
grand white ground flov/er, Ijase of petals crimson, forms
a ^vciQ s])ike ; Silenus, a large broad petalled flower, deep
pink in colour, feathered with crimson. Amongst otiiers
in this stand exceptionally fine were Lady Berdere, The
Rev. H. D'Ombrain, Hercules, Ascpes, and Telephone ;
2d, Mr. Dobree, who also had very good spikes.
Fruit. — There was a large display of fruit, most of
which was in nice condition. With ten dishes Mr.
Austen, gr. to Sir Greville Smyth, Ashton Court, Bristol,
was ist, with a good collection, the best of which were
Muscat of Alexandria and Black Hamburgh Grapes,
a Smooth Cayenne Pine, Violette Hative Peaches, Pine-
apple Nectarines, and Negro Largo Figs. Mr. Brook,
gr. to A. Vaughan-Lee, Esq., was 2d, and Mr. Lock 3d.
Eight dishes. — ist, Mr. Iggulden, gr. to the Earl of
Cork ; Mr. J. Brutton 2d, Mr. Crossman 3d. Four
dishes.— rst, Mr. Emtton ; 2d, Mr. .Ssafield ; 3d, Mr.
Iggulden. Two Pines. — ist, Mr. Brook, with handsome
fruit ; 2d, Mr. Austen. Three bunches of Black Ham-
burghs. — ist, Mr. Austen, with bunches in good condi-
tion ; 2d, Mr. Lock. Three bunches of Muscats. — Here
again Mr. Austen took the lead, with handsome bunches ;
2d, Mr. Shelton, gr. to W. R. Wait, Esq. Three bunches
of white Grapes, not Muscats. — ist, Mr. Frost ; 2d, Mr.
Brutton. Three bunches of black Grapes, not Ham-
burghs. — ist, Mr. Brutton, with Black Alicante in fine
form; 2d, Mr. Frost. Six Peaches. — ist, Mr. Seafield,
with a good dish of Grosse Mignonne. Six Nectarines.
— ist, Mr. |. Paine.
Messrs. R. Veitch & Son, Exeter, exhibited in one of
the tents a grotto composed of Saxony rock, a material
different from such as we are acquainted with in this
country, inasmuch as it is much harder and more endur-
ing. It is a beautiful material, showing to perfection the
various vegetable forms of which it is composed. It was
very well put together, and nicely set off with plants.
The same firm also contributed, not for competition,
several boxes of flowers, consisting of Dahlias, Carna-
tions, cS:c.
Shropshire Horticultural : Aug. 15 and 16. — The
annual summer show of this flourishing Society took place,
as usual, in the beautiful Quarry Grounds, Shrewsbury, on
the above days, and was much the best that has been
held here. The improvement in general cultivation that is
invariably brought about in a locality where such societies
as this are established is not apparent at once, but takes
lime to show itself fully. Those who have had an oppor-
tunity of seeing the various productions brought together
here a few years back, and comparing them with those of
the recent show, could not fail to notice the marked
advance in each department which the local exhibitors
have made, in plants, fruits, and flowers ahke, in quality
quite as much as quantity, although on the present
occasion there were some 1700 entries, almost 400 in
excess of any previous year. It not unfrequently happens
that influential societies lose sight of the good they can
do by encouraging cott.'ige gardening, but such is by no
means the case with the Shropshire Society, which yearly
offers a large number of prizes for cottagers' productions,
the result of which is, tliat a large tent is filled by the
cottagers, whose vegetables, window plants, hardy fruits
and flowers, collectively, exemplify more than ordinary
care in their cultivation. Another feature was the exhibits
of wild flowers, berries, Ferns, and grasses, arranged for
eftect, and which prove what can be done by the use of
simple materials tastefully put together.
The prosperous condition of the Society financially
enables them to continue their donations for the improve-
ment of the show-grounds or other worthy objects ; this
year they have given another set of entrance gates for
the grounds, in addition to a liberal contribution for the
purchase of buildings for a free library, &c. The throng
of visitors was greater than ever, ;^io55 being taken at
the gates, in addition to which ^£^400 worth of tickets
were sold two days before the show. On the second day
close upon 30,000 passed through the turnstile.
StuvB AND GKEENiiuL'Sii PLANTS Were Well shown.
Mr. Cypher, of Cheltenham, took the lead in the open
class for twenty, not less than ten to be in flower,
showing a fine group, in which was the bright salmon-
coloured Ixora Pilgrimi, Erica Marnockiana, E. tricolor
impressa, AUamanda Hendersoni, Phcenocoma prolifera,
and the fiery red Rhododendron Duchess of Edinburgh
in beautiful condition. These charming greenhouse
Rhododendrons, of which this is one of the best, are
alike suitable for exhibition as they are for ordinary
decoration. Amongst the fine-fofiage plants which went
to make up the collection was a grand specimen of
Croton angustifolius, still one of the best when brought
out in such condition as the plant in question. Mr.
Roberts, gr. to W. E. Clifle Glover, Esq., Highfield
Hall, Leek (a new exhibitor), was 2d, staging a
meritorious lot of plants, conspicuous amonst which were
Ixora amboynensis, I. Williamsii, I. amabilis, Dipla-
denia amabilis, D. splendens ; Gleichenia longipinnata,
ti. rupestris, and Cycas revoluta, in a flowering state.
Mr. Tudgey, Waltham Cross, was 3d with a bright
fresh lot of plants, the best of which were Franciscea
calycina, Erica Austiniana, and E. insignis. For nine
stove and greenhouse plants, five in bloom, Mr, Farrant,
gr. to Mrs. Juson, Monklands, was ist, witli a nice col-
lection containing the bright red Dipladenia hybrida,
and AUamanda grandiflora ; Messrs, Pritchard l^ .Sons,
nurserymen. Frankwell, were 2d ; and Mr. Thurtle, gr.
to .Mrs. R. L. Burton, Longer, 3d. Six stove and green-
house plants (amateurs). — In this ckiss Mr. H, Owen,
The Cedars, was ist, and Mr. Walford, gr. to Mrs.
Wace, College Hill, 2d. Cape Heaths were shown in
nice condition, and with six Mr. Cypher and Mr,
Tudgey were respectively 1st and 2d.
Fek.ms AND pAL\ts. ^Of these there was a large dis-
play, shown in good condition. In the class for nine Mr.
Cypher took the lead, having with others good plants
of (ileichenia flabellata, Alsophila elegantissima, and
Asplenium nidus-avis; Mr. Thurtle was 2d. For six
Ferns, Mr. Farrant was ist, and Messrs, Pritchard &
Sons 2d. Four Ferns (amateurs). — ist, Mr. R. Cooper,
Bridgnorth ; 2d, Mr. |. Browne. With Palms, Mr.
Cypher again took ist honours, with a handsome lot,
composed of medium growing kinds, amongst which
were Verschafteltia splendida, Kentia Canlerburyana,
and Areca lutescens ; Mr. Tudgey, who was 2d, also
staged a pretty lot of plants.
Zonal Pelargoniums, both double and single, are
here shown in such condition as we rarely elsewhere see
them, being alike remarkable for their profusion of
flower and ample foliage, with an absence of the bar-
barously formal training alike destructive of everything
in the habit of the plants as it is to their appearance.
Six double varieties. — With these Messrs. Oldroyd
& Son were ist and 2d, and Messrs. Pritchard & Sons
3d. With six single varieties Messrs. Oldroyd & Son
swept the board, taking all three prizes with good plants,
noteworthy for the quality as for the profusion of their
flowers. The most taking varieties were Laura Strachan,
salmon ; Constance, pink ; Jessie Moir, crimson ; Queen
Ellen, and Lady Sheffield. Three double Pelargoniums.
— These also were well shown, Mr. H. Owen being ist,
and Mr. Jones, gr. to Mrs. L. Burd, 2d. Three single
Pelargoniums. — ist, Mr. G. ']. Fox ; 2d, Mr. H. Owen.
For six Fuchsias equal ist prizes were awarded to Mr.
A. Myers, Sutton Lane Nursery, and Mr. H. Owen ;
Messrs. Pritchard & Sons 3d. Three Fuchsias were
very nicely shown: ist, Mr. Walford ; 2d, Mr. Jones.
Dracaenas were shown in nice condition, Messrs.
Pritchard & Sons taking the ist and 2d prizes, and Mr.
Roberts the 3d. Caladiums.— With six Messrs. Pritchard
& Sons were ist with well coloured examples, short and
stout in the leaf-stalks — a condition often absent in these
plants ; Mr. Farrant was 2d. Coleus are here required
to be grown in pyramid shape, and with six Mr. Watson,
Berwick, took the lead, staging a nicely grown, well-
coloured group ; 2d, Mr. Morris, gr. to Mrs. Shuker.
Hardy Ferns were present in nice condition, and the 1st
prize went to Mr. J. M. Harding, the 2d going to Mr.
G. Burr. For six Begonias J. Watson, Esq. (Mr. Purser,
gr.), was 1st, and Mr. A. Myers 2d. Table plants were
well represented by nice examples, not too large for the
purpose, as often is the casein these competitions. With
tv/elve Messrs. Pritchard & Sons were again to the fore,
Mr. Farrant being 2d.
The collections of miscellaneous plants in small pots
had a pretty effecL With fifty, not less than thirty to be
in flower, Messrs. Pritchard & Sons took the ist and 2d
prizes, showing nice groups, composed of Odontoglossum
crispum, Bouvardias, Heaths, Begonias, Dracnsnas, and
similar fine-leaved plants ; 3d, Mr. Farrant. For twenty-
five ditto, not less than fifteen in bloom (amateurs), Mr.
Walford came in 1st, and the Rev. J. H. E. Charter 2d.
Of the groups of plants occupying 100 square feet,
Messrs. Pritchard & Sons were the only exhibitors, tak-
ing all the prizes ; that to which the ist prize was awarded
especially was very well done. No flowering plants were
used, all the colour requisite being furnished by small
Coleus of different colours intermixed with the carpet of
Adianlum, which eftectually hid the pots of the larger
plants standing out in relief, which included such things
as Palms, Dracnsnas, Eulalia japonica variegata, and
others of like chararater.
Gloxinias were extremely well done, Mr. Walford
taking the ist, and Mr, H. Owen the 2d and 3d prizes.
Cur Flowers, of which there were about thirty classes,
would in themselves have made an attractive exhibition.
Roses were nicely shown, Messrs. Perkins & Son, Co-
ventry, being ist in the class for twenty-four single trusses,
with a good stand ; Messrs, J. Dickson &Sons, Chester,
were 2d. With eighteen single trusses Mr. Goodlif, gr.
to E. T. W. Wood, Esq.. Henley Hall, was ist ; and
Mr. E. W. Pritchard, Dogpole, 2d. For thirty-six
Dahlias, Mr. W. Shaw, Blakebrook, Kidderminster, was
1st, and the same gentleman also secured 1st honours
with twenty-four — Mr. T, Speak, Hradenheath, Whit-
church, being 2d in this class. With twelve single Dahhas,
Messrs. Biddies & Co. , Loughborough, took the lead, Mr.
C. M. Campbellcomingin2d. I'orthirty-sixGladiolus,Mr.
W. Shaw was ist, and for eighteen Col. Wingfield took
the chief award. Twelve bunches of stove andgreenhouse
flowers. — These were well shown, Messrs.Jones<S:Sons,
Colon Hill Nurseries, and Messrs. Pritchard & Sons,
being 1st and 2d in the order named. The competition
in bouquets was extremely close, several of the most
successful exhibitors in the kingdom entering the lists.
For a bride's bouquet Messrs. Perkins & Sons were ist,
Mr, Cypher 2d, and Messrs. Jones & Sons 3d. With
an ordinary hand bouquet the same exhibitors (00k the
prizes in the order named. For three buttonhole bouquets
248
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, 1883.
Mr. A. Myers was 1st, Mr. Cypher 2d, and Messrs.
Jones and Sons 3d ; while for a stand of cut flowers
Mr. Cypher was xst, and Messrs. Jones & Sons
2d and 3d.
Fruit was forthcoming in quantity, and in beautiful
condition, Grapes particularly being well shown. In the
class for six bunches of black, three varieties, there were
five competitors ; Mr. Goodacrc, gr. to the Earl of Har-
rington, Elvaston, was well in front, staging spendid
bunches of Muscat Hamburgh, Madresfield Court, and
Black Hamburgh, all up to, the mark — the Madresfield
especially were large full bunches, black, and big in
berry; Rlr. Elphinstone, gr. to E. M. Mundy, Esq.,
Shipley Hall, Derby, who was 2d, hkewise had a good
half-dozen bunches, the varieties being the same as in
the ist prize collection ; 3d, Mr. Milner, gr. to the Rev.
J. D. Corbet, Sundorne Castle. In the class for three
bunches of black Grapes, confined to the counties of
Salop and Montgomery, Col. Wingfield came in ist
with small bunches but unusually large berries, fully
finished in every way ; 2d, Mr. Goodlif. For four bunches
of white Grapes Mr. Milner was 1st, with Muscat of
Alexandria and Buckland Sweetwater, the last-named
variety in very fine condition ; Mr. Elphinstone was a
good 2d ; and Mr. Hanagan, gr. to R. C, Naylor, Esq.,
Hooton Hall, Chester, 3d. In the amateur class for
two bunches of black Grapes Mr. Price, gr, to W. W.
Humphreys, Esq., was ist, with small examples of Black
Hamburgh, very large in berry and perfect in finish ;
2d, the Rev. ]. H. E. Charter. Two bunches of white
Grapes (amateurs). — ist, Mr. G. Burr, with Buckland
Sweetwater, very good ; 2d, Mr. E. Lea. Twelve dishes
of fruit. — With these Mr. Goodacre was easily ist, with
a good collection containing Muscat of Alexandria and
Madresfield Court Grapes, a Queen Pine, Brown Turkey
Figs, Stirling Castle Peaches, Violette Hi'itive Nectarines,
Rivers' Early Favourite Plums, and Morello Cherries, all
in excellent condition ; 2d, Mr. Hanagan, who also staged
a good lot of fruit, the best of which were Golden
Champion and Madresfield Court Grapes, a Queen
Pine, Grosse Mignonne Peaches, and Pitmaston Orange
Nectarines ; 3d, Mr. Milner. Collection of fruit, nine
dishes (confined to the counties of Salop and Mont-
gomery).—ist, Mr. Purser, gr. to J. Watson, Esq.,
who with others had Muscat of Alexandria and
Black Hamburgh Grapes and Bellegarde Peaches
in good condition ; 2d, Colonel Wingfield ; 3d,
Mr. Pearson, gr. to Lord Berwick. Six Peaches.
— ist, Mr, Goodacre, with Bellegarde, large and
well coloured ; 2d, Mr. Elphinstone. Six Nectarines,
—ist, Mr. Bennett, gr. to the Hon. C. H. Wynn ;
2d, Colonel Winfield. Six Apricots.— ist, Mr. J. B.
Jones ; 2d, Mr, T. Groves, Twelve white or yellow
Plums.— ist, Mr. Elphinstone ; 2d. Mr. Pearson.
Twelve red or purple Plums. — ist, Mr. Hardie, gr. to
W. F, J. Hazeldine, Esq.; 2d, Mr. W. H. Harrison.
Green-flesh Melon. — ist, Mr, Milner. Scarlet-flesh
Melon.— ist, Mr. F. S, B. Sladen.
Messrs. F. & A, Dickson, the Upton Nurseries,
Chester, exhibited, not for competition, an extensive
assortment of stove and greenhouse plants, filling a con-
siderable space in one of the tents. They also had a
group of shrubs and trees in the grounds. Messrs. James
Dickson & Sons, Newton Nursery, Chester, likewise con-
tributed an extensive collection of evergreen and other
trees, a group of stove and greenhouse plants, and a
collection of Roses, From Mr. House, Peterborough,
came a beautiful box of Tea Roses, shown in good sized
bunches of each kind ; and Mr, J. Watton exhibited a
collection of Pears in pots — good sized trees, bearing a
nice crop of fruit.
Reading Horticultural : Aug, 16.— This Society
had everything apparently in its favour so as to ensure a
very successful autumn show, A splendid day, a most
appropriate central site, a largely expectant public,
awaiting the opening of the gates ; but the display of
plants was one of the weakest seen for years. There
was not a single entry in the class for nine stove and
greenhouse plants, Mr. Lees, gr. to Mr. Marsland, of
The Wilderness, is not showing this year through family
causes ; and Messrs, Tudgey and Mould, who in-
variably show at Reading, were exhibiting elsewhere ;
and from the same cause there was but one collection of
six fine-foliage plants, and, as a matter of course, in a
spacious tent hke that which covers the Abbey ruins, the
big things were sadly missed. This is a drawback to
which societies are subject ; but the loss of the plants
was compensated to some extent by the fine displays of
fruit and vegetables, the table decorations, and cut
flowers.
Plants. — The plants arranged for effect were, as
usual, a leading feature : but they fell a little short of
their usual excellence, Mr, Lees was missed, and Mr,
W. Phippen, whose skill as a floral decorator is well
known, had as usual a nicely arranged group, but made
up mainly of green-leaved plants. A new exhibitor in
this class, Mr, Sumner, gr. to J. H. Millard, Esq., Bath
Road, took 1st honours, with a display of taste that
augurs well for the future. Mr. Mayne, gr. to Miss
Moon, Reading, was 3d.
Mr. Mortimer, gr. to Major Storer, Purley Park, was
the only exhibitor of six fine-foliaged plants, staging an
even fine lot, including a very fine Croton majesticus, a
superb Alocasia metallica, a capital Encephalartos vil-
losus, and others. The best four plants came from J. W.
Elliott, gr. to J. Hibbert, Esq., Eraywick, and included,
as usual, some well grown examples. The best three
Palms came from Mr. Gribble, gr. to Miss Cary Malins,
Canon Hill, Maidenhead — among them was a very fine
Cocos WeddeUiana ; 2d, Mr. Phippen. Groups of six
Ferns were a leading feature, the best coming from Mr.
Mortimer. This was a very fine lot, Davallia Mooreana
and Adiantum cardiochlsena being especially noticeable.
2d, Mr. Bennett, gr. to M. Lonergan, Esq., who had a
very fine example of Adiantum lormosum, and the same
of Davallia Mooreana. The group of Coleus shown by
Mr. E. Jones, nurseryman, Henley-on-Thames, were
pretty e.^amples of medium size, well grown and coloured.
The class for table decorative plants, as usual, brought an
excellent lot, the best six coming from Mr, Ross, gr. to C,
Eyre, Esq., Welford Park, Newbury; Mr. Gribble being
a close 2d. These were pretty bright coloured groups,
the specimens well adapted for the purpose.
Among flowering plants Liliums made a good display,
Mr. Bridge, gr. to F, F. Hall, Esq., Erleigh Court, being
ist with a well grown and flowered lot mainly of the L.
speciosum type. Fuchsias were poor, too poor for such
a show as Reading ; perhaps it would have been as well
had the judges withheld all the prizes. Some very good
zonal Pelargoniums were shown, especially the six plants
from Mr. Sumner ; these were good varieties, wellgro%\Ti
and flowered, and the same exhibitor was ist with six
tuberous rooted Begonias and the same number of varie-
gated Pelargoniums.
Ct;T Flowers, — The cut flowers included Dahhas,
Roses, very good indeed considering the weather ; Asters,
Gladioh, Zinnias, &c, Messrs. Cheal & Sons, Crawley,
Sussex, had the best eighteen Dahhas, staging very good
blooms of William Rawlings, J, C, Quennell, Burgundy,
Mrs, Stancomb, Ovid, William Dodds, Flag of Truce,
Mr. G. Harris, Miss Henshaw, Rev. J, Goodhay, Rev.
J. B. M. Camm, Prince Bismarck, James Vick, Prince
Arthur, Grand Duke, Mr, J, C. Reed, Willie Eckford,
&c, ; 2d, Mr, J. Tranter, Upper Assenden, Henley.
The same exhibitors were relatively ist and 2d with
twelve fancy Dahlias, Messrs. Cheal staging capital
blooms of Miss Lily Large, Mr. N, G. Hill, Mr. Purves,
Maid of Athens, Grand Sultan, Jessie Mcintosh, Miss
Browning, Wizard, Gaiety, &c. The single Dahlias
shown in bunches were very attractive indeed, the best
twelve varieties came from Mr. Gurden, gr. to Miss
Watson Taylor, Headington ; Mr. Munday, Basingstoke,
being 2d.
The best eighteen Roses came from Mr. Gurden, who
had good flowers for the season ; Mr. Munday being 2d.
Mr, Gurden had the best twelve also, and in the class
for six blooms of any one variety Mr, Wells, gr, to R.
Ravenhill, Esq,, Winkfield, was 1st with Niphetos ; Mr.
Gurden coming 2d with Catherine Mermet,
Cut specimens of Phloxes, Zinnias, Gladioli, &c., were
on the whole good ; but Asters fell below the usual
average, the season having been so late, Mr. Phippen
had the best eighteen bunches of cut flowers, staging a
very fine lot indeed ; Mr. Bennett being 2d. Mr, Howe,
gr. to Sir R. Sutton, Bart,, Benhara Court, had the best
twelve bunches, and an extra prize was awarded to
Messrs. Cheal tor cut specimens of herbaceous plants.
Table Decorations. — These were, as usual, charm-
ing. Miss Phippen had the best three pieces, arranged
with her usual excellent taste and judgment ; indeed,
this young lady appears to be invincible in this depart-
ment, Mrs, Sands, Severn Lodge, ErUegh, was 2d.
And the groups of three vases of wild flowers and foliage
were exquisitely done. Miss Phillips, Abbot's Walk,
Reading, being ist ; Miss N. Cole, Reading, 2d ; and
two equal 3d prizes were awarded. Miss Phippen had
the best basket of sweet scented flowers — a charming
piece of work, and Mr. Phippen the best three button-
holes.
Fruit. — This is always very good at the autumn show
at Reading, and it was so on this occasion. The leading
class was for eight dishes of fruit, the first prize being a
cup given by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Mr. Howe, Ben-
ham Park, was ist, with excellent Muscat of Alexandria
and Black Hamburgh Grapes, Queen Pine, Royal
George Peaches, Pine-apple Nectarine, Moor Park
Apricots, Melon, and Figs ; 2d, Mr. Wells, Wink-
field, with Hooper's Black and Muscat of Alex-
andria Grapes, the former having a distinct appear-
ance, and seeming as if a cross between Alicante
and Lady Downes, with the flavour of the latter ;
Peaches, Apricots, Cherries, Melon, Pears, &c, Mr,
Goodman, gr. to C. Hammersley, Esq., Bourne End,
had the best six dishes, staging Ahcante and Foster's
Seedling Grapes, Royal George and Dryden Peaches,
Belgian Purple Plums, and Earl of Beaconsfield Melon ;
2d. Mr. Mortimer, vrith Black Hamburgh and Muscat of
Alexandria Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, Pears, and
Melon, Mr. Ashby, gr. to W, Fanning, Esq., Whit-
church, a local Grape grower of considerable repute, was
well ist with three bunches of Black Hamburgh Grapes ;
Mr, Cakebread, gr. to Sir P. Rose, Bart., Amersham,
being 2d, In the class for three bunches of any other
black Grape Mr. Ashby was ist, with three superb
bunches of Madresfield Court, requiring a little more
time to finish them off perfectly ; and Mr. Heath, gr, to
R. Ovey, Esq., Henley-on-Thames, and Mr, Pound, gr,
to G. May, Esq., Caversham, were equal 2d, one with
Madresfield Court, the other with three very fine bunches
of Alicante, Mr. Howe had the best three bunches of
White Muscat Grapes, Mr. .Ashby running him very close
with excellent bunches. In the class for any other white
Grape, Mr, Ashby was ist, with three excellent bunches
of Golden Hamburgh ; Mr. Wells being 2d, with Buck-
land Sweetwater ; and Mr. How 3d, with Foster's
Seedling, all very good.
Peaches were numerous and fine, Mr, Gribble being
ist with Bellegarde; Mr. June 2d, with Royal George;
and Mr. Robinson 3d, with Barrington, fine looking fruit
but not sufficiently finished. The best dish of Nectarines
was Pitmaston Orange, from Mr. Maher, gr, to A.
Waterhouse, Esq. ; Mr, Gribble coming next with
EIruge — very good indeed in both cases. Mr. Gribble
had the best dish of Apricots, staging excellent Moor
Park. Melons were plentiful, the best green-flesh was
Dr. Hogg, from Mr. Elliott ; the best scarlet-flesh.
Hero of Bath, from the same exhibitor. ' Some very
good Plums were shown in the class for three dishes.
Mr. Bridgeman, gr, to T. Somers Cocks, Esq., Great
Marlow, was ist, with excellent fruit of Kirke's Green
Gage and Washington ; 2d, Mr. Goodman, with Belle de
Louvain, Belle Imperatrice, and Belgian Purple ; 3d,
Mr. Robinson, with Kirke's, Guthrie's Late Gage, and
Jefferson.
Apples and Pears were in good form, and numerous
also. The best six dishes of dessert Apples came from
Mr. Hernon, gr, to F, Skurray, Esq., Reading, who
had Quarrenden, Astrachan, Cellini Pippin, Golden
Pippin, and Juneating ; 2d, Mr. Wells, with W. E.
Gladstone, Irish Peach, Juneating, Early Harvest,
Golden Pippin, and Ribston Pippin ; 3d, Mr. Hunt, gr,
to Dr, Wells. Reading, Mr, C. Ross had the best six
dishes of kitchen Apples, staging very fine examples of
Emperor Alexander, Stirling Castle, Warner's King,
Dutch Codhn, Stone's Apple, and Ecklinville Seedling ;
2d, Mr, House, with Rymer, Lord Sufhcld, Beauty of
Kent, Blenheim Orange, Dutch Codhn, and one un-
named ; Messrs. Hunt and Bennett were awarded equal
3d prizes. Pears made a fair display for the season. A
First-class Certificate of Merit was awarded to Mr.
Howe for a new scarlet-fleshed Melon named Benham
Beauty.
Vegetables. — These were fine throughout. Messrs.
Webb & Sons, seedsmen, Stourbridge, offered prizes
for the best six dishes of vegetables, and a large compe-
tition ensued, Mr. Howe was ist, and Mr. Ross 2d.
The best brace of Carter's Model Cucumber, the prizes
offered by Messrs. Carter & Co., brought but a poor
competition, Mr. Mortimer being ist, Potatos were in
strong force ; and Onions, Tomatos, Cauliflowers, &c.,
were very good also.
As is usual, the Forbury Gardens were thrown open
for promenading. These are now in excellent condition
under the care of Mr, Phippen, and some judicious
alterations have greatly added to their admirable
appearance.
STA TE OF THE IVEA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, LOA'DON,
Fob the Week ending Wednesday, August 15, 1883.
Hygrome-
trical De-
BAROMETER. TEMPERATURE OF
ductions
from
Wind.
Glaisher's
Tables 6th
Edition.
H
B
S'o
Z
1
1""
III
r
i
S
S'.S
I
P;:
tA
n
Aug.
I„.
In.
g
0
0
D 0
. 1 .
16
29.89
4-0.12
64.0
53.3|io.7
56.6'— 4.844.7 65 N.W. 0.00
17
2988
+0.10
66.7
48.917.858.3- 2.9'ss.8 86 S.S.W.
0.02
18
3001
+0.22
74 0
595 14-5 64.5'+ 3.556.7 75 W-
o.c»
19
30.C55
H-0.29
77.2
S4.S22.762.4i4 I.SS7.2 84 S.E.
0.00
20
29.95
+0.15
8o.6'49.o'3i.663.2:-t- 2.452.8 69 E.S.E.
□,00
21
30.00
+0.19
84.059.9
24.163.8 .f. 3.153 4 70} \Ys\v
0.00
S2
30.01
+o.ig
74.o't)0.4
13-665.6+ 4.9 59-4 8'{ N^W.*j°-°=
Mean
29.98
+ 0.18
74-4 5S.>
19.362.1+1,154.3 76 variable
0^
Aug. 16. — Fine and bright at times. Fine night ; cloudless,
— 17. — Mostly overcast ; fine and bright at intervals. Fine
night ; slight rain occasionally.
— 18. — Fine and bright day. Fine clear evening ; moon
bright,
— ig. — Fine bright day ; warm. Clear evening ; moon
bright.
— 20. — Fine bright, hot day, and night cloudless. Lunar
halo.
— 21. — Fine bright, hot day, and night cloudless at
times.
— 22, — Fine day ; dull. Frequent slight showers. Fine
night ; cloudless.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending August i8 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea increased from 30,08 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.19 inches by 9 a.m. on
the 12th, decreased to 29.69 inches by 9 A.M. on the
15th, increased to 30.12 inches by ro p,m. on the
i6th, decreased to 30.02 inches by 3 p.m. on the
17th, and was 30.24 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.99 inches, being 0.13 inch higher than
last week, and 0.03 inch above the average of the
week.
Temperature, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 82". 2, on the 13th ; on the
1 6th the highest was 64°. The mean of the seven
high day temperatures was 7 1*. 4.
The lowest temperature in the week was 48°. 5, on
the 1 2th; on the iSth the lowest was 59". S- The
mean of the seven low night temperatures was 54°.3-
The greatest range of temperature was 26". 7, on the
August 25, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
249
13th ; the smallest was lo".?, on the l6th. The mean
of the seven daily ranges was 17°.!.
The mean temperatures were— on the 12th, 58°. 7 ;
on the 13th, 69° ; on the I4lh, 65° ; on the 15th,
59°.5 ; on (he l6[h, 56°.6 ; on the 17th, 58".j ; and on
the 18th, 64°.5 ; of these the 13th, 14th, and iSth,
were were above by 6°.8, 3°, and 3°. 5 respectively,
and the rest were below byl3°.5, 2°.2, 4°.8, and 2°.9,
respectively.
The mean temperature was 6i°.7, being 2°.4 higher
than last week, and the same as the average of the
week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was I52°.2, on the I3ih. The mean of the seven
readings was I22°.5.
The lowest reading of a thermometer placed on
grass, and fully exposed to the sky, was 42°, on the
I2th. The mean'of the seven readings was 47°.6.
Rain.—^wa fell on three days, to the amount
of 0.08 inch.
England : Temperalitre. — During the week ending
August 18 the highest temperatures were 82". 6, at
Cambridge, S2°.2 at Blackheath, and 78°.! at Not-
tingham ; the highest at Plymouth was 67°, at Truro
69°, and at Preston 70°. The general mean was
74°- 5-
The lowest temperatures in the week were 42°
at Hull, 42°.5 at Wolverhampton, and 42°.8 at Cam-
bridge ; the lowest temperature at Liverpool was
52°.5, at Brighton 50°, and at Bradford 49°. I. The
general mean was 46''.4.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 39°.8 at Cambridge, 35° at Hull, and 34'. 6 at
Nottingham ; the least ranges were 19° at Plymouth,
2o°.3 at Liverpool, and 2i°,S at Brighton. The
general mean was 28". i.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 73".!, at Blackheath 71". 4,
and at Hull 7i°.3 ; and was lowest at Preston, 64°. 4,
at Liverpool 64°. 9, and at Plymouth 65°. The general
mean was 68°. 3.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Plymouth, 54°.6, at Brighton 54°.4, and at
Truro and Blackheath 54°.3 ; and was lowest at Hull,
49°.9, at Wolverhampton 50". I, and at Nottingham
50°.4. The general mean was 52°. 6.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Hull, 2i°.4, at Sunderland 20°.7, and at Cam-
bridge 20°.6; and was least at Plymouth, I0°.4,
at Liverpool io°.8, and at Preston 1 2°. 2. The
general mean was I5°.7.
The mean temperature was greatest at Cambridge,
61°. I, at Brighton 60°, and at Leicester 59°.5 ; and
was lowest at Preston, 56°.6, at Wolverhampton
57°.2, and at Sheffield 57°.7. The general mean
was 58°. 8.
Rain. — The largest fall was" 1.79 inch at Sunder-
land, o 92 inch at Preston, and 0.64 inch at Liverpool ;
the smallest falls were 0.04 inch at Cambridge, 0.08
inch at Blackheath, and 0.14 inch at Sheffield and
Hull. The general mean fall was 0.39 inch.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing August 18 the highest temperature was 68°.8, at
Edinburgh and Leith ; at Perth the highest tempera-
ture was 65°. The general mean was 66". 9.
The lowest temperature in the week was 43°,
at Perth ; at Leith the lowest temperature was 47°. 7.
The general mean was 44". 8.
The mean temperature was highest at Leith, 58°. 9 ;
and lowest at Aberdeen, 55°. I. The general mean
was 57°.
Rain. — The largest fall was 2.37 inches, at
Greenock, and the smallest fall was 0.97 inch at
Leith, The general mean fall was 1.53 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
(inquiries.
©tjttuarg.
We regret to hear of the death, on July 27, of Mr.
Robert Tweedie Mackintosh, seed merchant, of
George the Fourth Bridge, Edinburgh, aged about
sixty-one. Mr. Mackintosh, who had been in busi-
ness in Edinburgh about thirty years, was a man of
extreme geniality of disposition, a quality that en-
deared him to a wide circle of friends and supporters.
He was connected with both the Chamber of Com-
merce and Merchant Company, and held office as
director in the one and assistant in the other. In the
Highland and Agricultural Society he took a great
interest, and was an almost yearly exhibitor at its
shows, where his seed-stands were always a centre of
attraction. The same may be said regarding his rela-
tionship with the Royal Caledonian Horticultural
Society, the Edinburgh Christmas shows, &c,
He that 'jntitioneth much shall learn much. — Bacon.
Ckumek : Vkij.ovv Tulii'S. — Can any one suggts
what is meant by a so-called yellow Tulip reported to be
growing wild, and flowering now in the neighbourhood
of Cromer ? Dublin Subscriber.
Peaks. — On what stock is the Seckle I'ear grown in
America, so that it produces Pears of more: than i lb. in
weight, whilst here it is usually an under-si/.ed fruit?
Are tlie varieties of Crassane Pears really worth growing
in this country? If so, can any one say the be:>t posi-
tion, treatment, soil, and aspect for these kinds ? Would
Hacon's Incomparable be larger on a wall tlian grown as
an espalier ? Would the flavour be more piqu;int, the
skin rougher, and the flesh not so soft and melting, from
the second position ? Any infoimation on these points
will oblige. W. M.
Answers to Correspondents.
BooKt; : A'. A*. For carpet-bedding plans get a copy of
the Guide to Hampton Court Gardeyis, published by
Mr. Graliam, the Garden Superintendent there. For
the cultivation of Orchids you cannot do better than
begin with Mr. B. S. Williams' Orchid Growers'
Manual,
Carnation: R. Lawford. Your crimson-scarlet seed-
ling is a very good tiorder flower, being of good size
and colour, and deliciously scented.
Clubbing in Trop.eolum : T. C. We do not think
there is any disease, nor that the appearance is caused
by insects, fungi, or root-worms. Many of the
original species form tubers, and we suspect your
plant is simply reproducing an ancestral condition.
Perhaps it may result from a deficient supply of water
or too much heat at a particular stage of growth.
Cranberries. — I have no doubt your correspondent,
" Guiltcross," can have his wants supplied on applica-
tion to Messrs. Gordon & Smith, merchants, Aber-
deen. IK. W.
Fasciation : W. S. T, This is one of the commonest
deformities to which plants are subject. There seems
-FASCI.\TBD LETrCCB.
to be an over-production of buds, and the growth of
the stem is so disproportionately rapid that the buds
cannot separate themselves from the stem as they
ought to do, but remain in union with it ; hence the
flattened appearance of the stem. Your specimen of
Lettuce is like one of whicli we g.we a figure in a
former volume, and now reproduce (tig. 38).
iNbLcrs : L. 6^ S. Your parcel followed us to the ex-
tremity of South Wales. A careful microscopical
examination of each Vine leaf failed to delect any
insect Ufe, or even to show any trace of their workings
or any of their exuvicu. Your description of the insects
as invisible to the naked eye, like very minute crystal
globes, suggests the possibihty of their being newly
hatched Acari (red-spider, as the common plant
species is termed). Certainly the leaves showed no
trace of Phylloxera. /. O. 11'.
Lily Bulb : T. B. We believe the bulb to be that of
Lilium candidum ; it is certainly not that of L. eximium.
Mauve : A Correspmdent suggests that the idea of the
colour was taken from the withered flower of the
Mallow. Perhaps so.
Model Garden : P. R. G. Use moss obtained from
the woods for the grass, and try the common Sedum
acre for the edgings. We have had no experience in
making such abominations.
Names or Fruits: J. IC, Whitehaven. "The
accompanying Apricot " was a Nectarine in the way of
Lord Napier, but being over-ripe when started, reached
us in a pulp. — W. Af. C. i, Not recognised; 2,
Keswick Codlin ; 3, Cox's Orange Pippin ; 4. Fon-
danle d'Aulomne ; 5, Lord Suffield ; 6, Vicar of
Winkfield. — ■ Correspondents sending fruits to be
named are reminded that we cannot undertake to
name more than six at any one time. It would also
greatly assist us if correspondents will send only good
specimens, securely packed, and carefully numbered.
Names of Plants : C. b' R. Not recognised ; the
flower had fallen to pieces. — J. R. H. Lilium chalce-
donicum. — C M. S. Lysimachia vulgaris. — Connon
6^ Keid. All forms of Phahunopsis amabilis, of which
there arc scarcely two alike.— .S'. K Aconilum Na-
pellus, or perhaps A. paniculatum. — \V. H, K.
Your specimens are too scrappy to name ; send
better ones. No. 2 is Anemone japonica ; 5. Vc-
ratrum nigrum ; 6, Lysimachia ephemerum. — C.
W. Dod. Campanula bononiensis. — Eni/uirer.
I, Berberis bu xi folia ; 2, Cornus sanguinea ; 3, Lo-
nicera Ledebourii ; 4, Syringa vulgaris; 5, Spirxa
Uouglasii ; 6, Cotoneaster frigida. — T. S. Not a
Salvia, but Stachys coccinea. — P. C. i, Francoa ap-
pendiculala ; 2, Centaurea montana ; 3, Lysimachia
punctata. — Cornubia. i, Oxalis corymbosa ; 2. Lysi-
machia vulgaris ; 3, a double Pink, which we cannot
undertake to name ; 4, Campanula trachelium, var. ;
5, Sedum spurium ; 6. Polemonium cceruleum. —
F. Tufnail. i, Finns Strobus ; 2, Abies Pinsapo ; 3.
Sequoia gigantea ; 4, you are right— the plant is C.
officinalis, sub-species menthifoha of Hooker's Stu-
denti Flora. — G. H. i, Epilobium hirsutum ; 2,
Veratrum nigrum ; 3, probably Veronica longifolia :
specimen too poor ; 4. I'opulus alba ; 5. Crataegus
pyracantha ; 6, Abies peclinata. Label your speci-
mens so that the numbers can be seen. — Alpha, i,
Juniperus chinensis? 2, Oncidium near O. curium and
O. Gardneri, but seems distinct from both in its callus ;
send it to Prof. Reichenbach ; 3, Achillea filipendu-
Hna; 4, Leycesteria formosa. — W. B. S. Adiantum
Pacottii— M^. T. i, Cystopteris bulbifera ; 2. Blecli-
num cognatum alias B. australe. — A. B. i, 2, 3,
garden varieties of Pentstemon ; 4, Asclepias sp., in
fruit ; 5, Sedum spurium.
Painting the Lily : H. Ward. The Lilies tinted
by Mr, Nesbit were shown at a recent meeting of the
Royal Horticultural Society, and they were as de-
scribed in the paragraph you send us. Except as
an interesting physiological experiment we cannot
commend the practic.
Pansy : Gardener. Certainly not.
Peaches : M. Mc\f. Your Peach trees are evidently
in a bad state of health— most likely through bad root-
action. This causes the spotting, &c., on the fruit.
The leaves are also punctured by some insect.
Phylloxera : H. W. T. has read his Gardeners*
Chronicle badly, or he would know that the first
description and figure of the insect appeared in it. and
that from time to time full information has been given,
and abundant warnings given, both publicly and pri-
vately, in all cases that have come under notice.
We suppose, indeed, that more specimens have
passed under our notice than under any other
person's in the kingdom. We believe it to be per-
fectly under control in this country, and our experience
for the last twelvemonth has not led us to suppose that
the disease is, on the whole, increasing. The methods
of dealing with it are, i, the radical method you have
adopted, which is the best for English gardeners ; 2,
complete and prolonged submersion, which is not
always practicable, but which is very efficacious ; 3,
the use of insecticides, such as bisulphide of carbon,
and sulphocarbonate of potash, but these are uncertain
and expensive ; 4. the graiting of our Enghsh Vines
on to American stocks, which resist the attack of the
louse. This has been practised on a large scale with
great success in the South of France, but we are not
aware whether it has been tried in this country.
1^" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Ofiice Orders
are requested to send them to the Publisher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to William Richards, at the post-
office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Dickson, Brown & Tait, Corporation Street, Man-
chester—Dutch and French Bulbs, &c.
W. Leighion, 89, Union Street, Glasgow — Dutch
Flower Roots.
Samuel May. Upperhead Row, Leeds — Flowering
Bulbs.
E. P. Dixon, Hull — Select Bulbous Roots, Spring
Flowering Plants, &c.
SUTTUN & ^ONS, Reading — Dutch and other Bulbs,
P'lower Seeds, &c.
James Dickson & Sons. 108, Eastgate Street, Chester
— Bulbous Flower Roots.
Ireland & Thomson, 20, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh
— Dutch Bulb Roots and Spring Flowering Plants.
Robert Veitch & Son, 54, High Street, Exeter-
Dutch Bulbs and other Flower Roots.
De Smf.t FrkRes. Ghent, Belgium — Stove and Green-
house Plants.
W. B. Smale, Torquay — Hyacinth and other Flower
Roots.
George Bruce, 35, Market Street, Aberdeen — Dutch
Flower Roots.
Louis de Smet. Ghent, Belgium— Stove and Green-
house Plants.
James Veitch & Sons, King's Road, Chelsea. S.W.
Hyacinths and other Bulbous Roots.
Edward Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge —
Bulbs and Seeds,
Communications Keceived.— J. S. (we will examine and
report).— A. R., Windermere (specimen received with thanks:
it will be reported on next week). — R. I. L. — H. K. — W. B.
— P McOwan.— G. B. (the matter shall receive attention).-
A Dallifere.-Enqnirer. — H. L.— B. S. W.— C. E. F.—
r, D V -W. B. H.— A. O.— W. S— G. N.-L. T. D.—
F D— T. M. P.— T. C— R. G.— R. Thomson, Colombia. —
w. "w. ■
25a
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, 1883.
arluls.
Apples, J'3-sieve
Currants, Black, J
sieve
— Red, }^-sieve
Kigs, per dozen
Grapes, per lb.
COVENT GARDEN, Aitgnsi 23.
Business is now dull. There is a large supply of
Ap|>les arriving, but meeting with a slow sale. James
Webber, Wholnsalc Apple Market.
Fkuit.— Average Wholesale Prices.
Lemons, per case ..15 o-zo o
Melons, each .. 10-30
Peaches, per doz. . . 20-60
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. z o- 4 o
— St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o
Piums, J-a-sieve .. 50-80
Strawberries, per lb. o 3- o q
Petail Prices.
J, d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..10-..
— Cos, per dozen.. 16-..
Mint, green. bunch., o 6- ..
Mushrooms, p baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch .. 06- ..
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch. . 04-..
Peas, English, quart i c- . .
Radishes, per doz. ..16-..
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
Sweet Potatos. lb. . . 06- . .
Tomatos, per lb. ..06-09
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 02-,.
to £5 per ton ; do,, Regents,
10s. per ton.
5. d. s. d.
. 16-26
.30-39
30-40
, 20- ..
,10-20
Goosebeiries, J^-siv. 26-33
Vegetables— Average
s. d, s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz. . . ..20-30
Beans, French, lb... 04- ..
— Scarlet, per lb. . . 03- . .
Beet, per doz. .. 10- ..
Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-20
Carrots, new, p. bun. 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen . . 20-30
Celery, per bundle ..16-..
Cucumbers, each .. 04-08
Endive, Frencti, per
dozen .. ..20-..
Garlic, per lb. ..10-..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
Horse Radish, bund. 10-40
Potatos. — Kent Kidneys, £4
43 lo-f- to ^4
Plants in Pots.^Avbrage Wholes.a.le Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldiij per
dozen .. ..12 0-24 o
Arbor-vitse (golden),
per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o
— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per doz. ..40-80
Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Bouvardia, doz. ..12 o-i8 o
Caladiums, per doz. 6 0-24 o
Calceolarias, dozen... 40-90
Cockscombs, doz. .. 30-60
Coleus. doz 20-60
DraCcBna term. doz. 30 o~6o o
— viridls, per doz. . . 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz. 52 0-36 o
Euonymus, various,
per dozen .. ..9 o-i8 o
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o
s. d. s. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each . , . . 2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 4, o- g o
Hydrangea, per, doz. 9 0-24 o
Liliuni longiflorum,
per dozen.. .. 18 0-42 o
Liliums, various, doz.i2 0-33 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..is 0-24 o
Mignonnette, doz. .. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. . . 6 o-iz o
Palms in variety,each z 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . 20-60
— decorative, doz. 6 0-12 o
SPECIALITY FOR BOSES-
CuT Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.
Abutilon, 12 bunches
Asters, i2bunche.s.,
— French, per bun.
Bouvardias, per bun.
Carnations, 12 blms.
■ — 13 bunches
Cornftower. 12 bun..
Dahlias, 12 bun.
Delphiniujn, p. bun.
Eucharis, per doz. ..
Eschscholtzia, 12 bn.
Gardenias, 12 blms..
Gladioli, 12 spikes..
Heliotropes, 12 sp. . .
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms
— red, 12 blooms..
Liliums, 12 bun. ..
Lavender, 12 bun. . .
Marguerites, 12 bun.
s, d, s. d.
20-40
20-60
10-30
I o- 1 f
10-30
30-60
1 6- 4. o
30-60
06-10
30-60
20-40
30-60
10-30
06-10
30-60
10-30
12 o-iS o
60-90
60-90
s. d, 5. d.
MiKnonette, 12 bun. 20-60
Mirigolds, izbun. .. 20-40
Myosoiis, or Forget-
ipft-not, p. 12 bun. 20-60
Pansies, 12 bunches 09-16
Pelargoniums, izspr. o 6- 1 o
— zonal, 12 sprays 03-06
Picotees, 12 bun. . . 20-60
Primula, double, bun. 10-16
Pyrethrum, 12 bun, . 30-60
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60
— (outdoor), 12 bun. 30-60
— coloured, doz. .. 30-80
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 26-40
Stocks, 12 bunches.. 30-60
Sweet Peas, 12 buo. z o- 4 o
Sweet Sultan, 12 bim. 40-60
Tropaiolum, 12 bun. 10-20
White Jasmine, bim. 06-10
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday tlie Wheat trade was flat,
without pressure of sales, and foreign Wheats remained
about the rates of Monday se'nnight, but with a weak
tendency. Several samples of new English of good
quality were on offer : the rates were, for white, 45^-. to
4SJ. ; and for red, 42J. to 45J. , but in one or two instances
ij. over these rates was obtained. Flour was dull of sale,
but not lower. Maize upheld Friday's advance of 3d.
Barley was rather dearer, but slack. Oats were upheld
at the previous Monday's value, but sold slowly. Beans
were firm, and Peas advanced 6d. — Wednesday's corn
trade was exceedingly dull, with a tendency to weakness.
Flour rates were steady, but the demand was slack.
Barley, Beans, Peas, and Maize were not plentiful, and
may be quoted firm, though not in any case active. Oats
\vere rather firmly upheld, but common qualities were
dull. Average prices of corn for the week ending
August 18 : — Wheat, 43^. \od. ; Barley, aSj. 9c/. ; Oats,
23J;. zd^ For the corresponding period last year ; —
Wheat, 50J. s^- 1 Barley, z6s. id. ; Oats, 241. $d.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields markets reports stale
that there were fair supplies on offer, but the
demand was quiet. Quotations :— Magnum Bonums,
85^. to looj. ; Myatt's kidneys, 85.1. to io5i'. ; Regents,
65J. to g5J-. ; Shaws, 60s. to 70s. ; Roses, 6oj. to 70s.
per ton.
Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at lOQ to 100^ for delivery, and ioo?f to looy^n for the
account. Tuesday's prices were as on the preceding
day for delivery, and ioo| to 100^ for the account.
The final quotations of Wednesday and Thursday were
99g to 100 for delivery, and 100 to ioo| for the account.
BEESON'S ROSE MANURE.
To be had of all Kurserynieu, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all paiticulais please apply to
W. E. BEESON. Cerbrook Bone Mills,
SHE FFI ELD.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides
and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame-
rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale,
&c., and for Washing all Hard-
Wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S SOAP.
A I lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay malces an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonial.
" Colon Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28. 1880.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very ureful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blifiht and all kinds of Sc.iles. We also u=e it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this tsitimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
E.EMABKABLE DISAPPEARAKCE I
of aU DIET from EVERYTHING
EV USIMJ
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
BRONZE MEDAl-lSei.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
Use CtlUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patlnt
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'3 PATENT PKOGESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
GUAKANTHED Ab^OLUTBLV PuKE. FkEE FROM ANY
FoKEiGN JNTEK.MixTur.E. Manufactured on the premises
from the tamous '' Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from u> direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 18S3. — I must jay your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever ined ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Honiculiure is a ihorongh boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. ' Invaluable
for Potting, Plungine. Forcing, Femeiies, Strawberries. Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Becding-out Plants, Sec.
DESTROYS ALI. SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Bordering to Flo-wcr Beds. Conibuies ivaymth
aiii cleanLitess with -uaiuablc antiseptic atid deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holes Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as folbws :— Sacks
11. td. each; 10 saLks, 13J ; 15 sacks, \%s. : 20 sacks, 23*.
30 sacks, yi^. (all sacks irctude.1) Tiuckload, des on rail. ^2.
Limited quaniiiits of P. M SPEd A L QUALITY, G anulated.
in sacks only, 25.6//. each (iwo Piiie iMcdaU). Valuable for
Pitting and use in Conietvaicry. — Only orders accmpauied by
ipmittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spuiious imi'a-
tions ; aLd, to obtain the Ee"uif:e article, buy direct from the
ManutacLurcrs, CHDBB, ROUND ft CO..
Fibre Works, West terry Road, Millwall, Londoi). E.
Certain Sudden DEATH
to an Grubs, Apkis, Lice. Red Spider. Tlirips, Mealy
Bug, Caterpillars. &c.
Perfectly * to the Hands and Skin, bttt will cure Ring-
Earmless f worm and all Diseases produced by Parasites.
(soiyBLE) mSECTIClOE
A combination of Hvdrocarbon Oils made Soluble in Water.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES tliat
infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foitage. It cures Mildew and Blijiht on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs. Turnip Fly, &c.
Cleans Grapes from Mildew cr Mealy Bug without affecting
the bloom ; and. thickened with a little clay, makes a good
winter dressing. Destrojs Lice and Fleas on Animals. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, u. ^d., is. 6d., i^s. 6d. a bottle. Pei
gallon 12J. 6f/,, or less in larger quantitie?. Each bottle bears
the Inventor's Trade Mark (a Cat's Head) and full directions
for use. Maif^ifactursd by
E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wliolesale from aU the London Seed Msrcliants and
Wnolesale Druggists.
Nbw York : RULKER and SONS,
TURF. — A Quantity of first-rate Turf for
Sale, ii Large or Small Lots, at a veiy 1 eas' nable price.
Now being cut. Apply at
Prince's Grounds, Pont Slrett. Eclgavia S.W.
ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, sinc^ 18.^9. against Ked-spider,
Mildew, Thrip?, Greenfly, ai.d ether Blight, iu solutions of from
I to 20Z. to the gallon ot 50 't water, and of fr^ni 4 to i6oz. as a
winter dressing tor Vints and Ffuit Trees. Ha- t utlived many
preparatio; s intended to supersede it. InBi..\es,ii ,-^s.,%L\os.^d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURSD by mbb nc a wet bsrd Paiutf I's brubh on Gis-
hurst Compound, aod wuikiiig the lather iuto iV.e infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fai'., is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and b hore- waders ; is <o'd by ^ urserymen and
Oilmen, wi h testimonials and dirfctinns ff-r n-e, in boxes, f^d.
ana ,.r. eac^. \Vh jlesa'e by PKlCEb PAVhNT CANDLbi
COMPANY (Umuec), London.
FRUIT BOXES.
A
Ma-^e o'. siou: wood. p"ar.ed and l.ir^ed, with fasteoiuRS
and holes, ihrjuih which a string c.u- be passed and sealed
on ihe top tJ prevent all tampciing ir pilfering. Movable
wooden divisi ns keep each Peach o' Bunch of Grapes in its
place. Wrapped in wool or tissue 1 aper the Peaches fit in
firmly and never bruise.
Boxes for 12 Peaches, Is. each, or lis. €d. per doz.
24 „ 2s. „ 23s. „
„ for Grapes, 8 divisions, loio. X4in. X4ic., ^. eacli.
THOS. CHRISTY & CO , 155, Fenclmrcll Street, E.C.
MANUFACTURERS OF HVDRO-INCLTBA.TORS.
sup?:rior, double - seated,
-^ LIGHT CROYDON PI- ^TON for Sale, with
Shfiirg Seat behind for Servai t, suitable for one or pair of
Cobs, with Lamps, Hole, and Spi-nttr-bar complete, in first-rate
condition. Owner h^.vir.g no fiuthtr use for it will accept £zs-
Would have no obj-ction to sell C b and Harnesi.
C. MOON. WormhoU F^-mi Shepheros Bush, S.W.
CAB SON'S PAI^^T^T
Patronised by
HER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,
I5.C03 OF THE NolilLITV, GeNTRV, AND ClEKGV.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
CUTiOOa WOBK, COWSEBVATOEIBSi
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN liE LAID ON Di' UNSKILLED LALOUR.
I C'ii't.^ and Oil Mixtine, Free lo all Stations,
Prices, Ptitlerns, and Testimonials, P'.st-free,
C ARSON S,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE VARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON, E.G.;
BACHELOR'S WALK. DUBLIN ;
and 53. ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Cosh.
r> U S S i A M A T S~
i' Atchanet-I. Tsgsnrog:, Peteisburg. and Dunnage. •
SACKS and SEED BsGS, ROPES, LINES and TWINES.
RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO PAPER, PEAT and SILVER SAND.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, li. ^d. per sack
(sacks incUidci ). ^e^Cliptlve CAT ALOGUE on apt'licaton.
JAMES T, ANDERSON,
I4g, Commercial Street, London, E.
hose!
PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.
Stands severe tests of Goverr.ment Depx'-tmejits, thus prov-
ing superiority ol quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strenfith, and
Chesper in the long run than any other Hose (or Gd.rden U.se,
A correspondent -Aritts :— " I have had a length of your Red-
Rubber Hose in use nine years, ar-d il is now ah good as ever."
Sample and Price of
MERRYWEATHER & SONS,
63, Long Acre. \V,C, : and Greenwich Road, London, S.E.
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
The
" Expansion ,S'gggg|
Joint."
4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 41. 3</. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, ^s. 6rf. each.
Price List OH applicatio't.
August 35, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
251
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
(Established 1841)
CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF
GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC,
REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS,
REVIEWS of BOOKS, and NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of
CURRENT INTEREST
HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.
Special attention is given to tlie following subjects :-
ALPINE PLANTS.
ARBORETUM— The.
BEDDING PLANTS.
BEES.
BOTANY.
BULBOUS PLANTS.
CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS.
CONIFERS.
DISEASES OF PLANTS.
EVERGREENS.
EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS.
FLORISTS' FLOWERS.
FLOWER GARDENS.
FORCING.
FORESTRY.
FRUIT CULTURE.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS.
KITCHEN GARDENING.
LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
LAWNS— LILIES.
MACHINES.
MANURES— Analyses of.
MARKET GARDENING.
NEPENTHES.
ORCHIDS — including a com-
plete List of those in culti-
vation.
PALMS.
PLANTING.
PLEASURE GROUNDS.
POMOLOGY.
POTATOS.— POULTRY.
RHODODENDRONS.
ROCKERIES.
ROSES.
SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES.
STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS.
SUCCULENT PLANTS.
TOWN GARDENING.
TRAINING.
TRAVEL— Notes of
TREES — Deciduous and Ever-
<;reen.
VEGETABLE
VEGETABLE
VINES.
WALKS.— WALLS.
WEATHER.— WEEDS.
WINDOW GARDENING.
WOODS, &c., &c., &c.
CULTURE.
PHYSIOLOGY.
Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., IV. G. SMITH, F.L.S., and Others.
Among tiie Contributors to recent Volumes may be mentioned :—
ABBA V. Rev
ANDEKSON(J.)
ANURfi(E.), Palis
ANTOINE(K ), Vienn.i ..
ATKINS (J.)
1;ADEN- POWELL (H.)
BADGER IE. W.)
BAINES(T.)
P.AKERCG.)
BAKER (J. G). F.R.S
BALFOUR (Prufesjor) ..
BALL (J), F.R.S
HANCROFT(G.), M.D.
BARRON (A. F.), Chisivick
BENNET (H.), M.D, Mentone
BENNETT (A. W.)
BENNETT (G ), M.D., Sydney
BENTHAM (G), F.R.S.
BERGMAN (E), Paris ..
BERKELEY (Rev. M.J. ),F.R.S.
BLACKMORE (R. D) ..
BLAIR (T.), Shrubland Cirdens
BLOW (P. B.)
BO!SSIER(E.), Geneva
EOSCAWEN ( Hon. & Rev. J. T.)
BOULGER (G. S.), F.L.S.
BRIGHT(H. A.)
BRITTEN (J). British Museum
BROWN (N. E.)
BULLEN (R.), Botanic Garden
Glasgow
BURBIDGE (F. W.), BoUnic
Garden. Dublin
CARUEL (Professor). Florence..
CASPARY (Prof.), Kosnigsberg . .
CLARKE (Col. TREVOR)
CLARKE (C. B.), F.R.S.
COBBOLD(T. S), F.R.S.
COLEMAN (W.), Eastnor Castle
Gardens
COOKE (M.C.)
COOPER (Sir DAN., Bart.) . .
CORREVON (H). Geneva
COX(J.l, RedleafGatdens
CREWE (Rev. H. H.) ..
CROSSLING (R.), St. Fagan's
C^astle Gardens
CROUCHER (J.)
DARWIN (the late Charles)
DEAN (A.)
DEAN (R.)
DECAISN E (thelate Prof.) . Paris
DE CANDOLLE (A), Geneva..
DEHfiRAIN (Professor), Paris,.
DOD (Rev. C. W.)
DODWELL(E. S.)
DOUGLAS (J.), Great Geaiies,
Ilford
DOWNIE (J.), Edinburgh
DRUDE (Professor), Dresden . .
DUCHARTRE (Professor), Paris
DUTHIE(J. F.), Saharunpore..
DYER(BERNARD) ..
DYER (Rev. T. F)
DYER (W. T. T.), F.RS.
EARLEY (W.)
ELLACOMBE (Rev. H. N.) ..
Coftee-leaf Disease.
Orchids.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Forestry.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Alpine Plants.
Queensland Correspondence
Fruit Culture.
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology,
Australian Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Diseases of Plants.
Pomology.
Practical Gardening.
Bees.
Garden Plants.
Landscape Gardening.
Vegetable Physiology.
Notes from a Lancashire
Plant Lore. [Garden.
Garden Botany.
Orchid Notes.
Garden Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany.
Diseases of Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Fungi.
Australian Correspondence.
Alpine Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Succulent Plants.
Physiology of Plants.
Practical Gardening.
Floriculture.
Garden Botany.
Garden Botany, &c.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garden Plants.
Florists' Flowers.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondtn:e.
Colonial Notes.
Chemical Analyses.
Flower Lore.
Garden Botany.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Botany,
EICHLER (Professor), Director
Imperial Botanic Garden,
Berlin
ELWES (H. J )
ENGELMANN (G ), St. Louis..
EVERSHED (H )
EVLES(G)
FeLLOWES(Rev. E> ..
FENZl(E), Florence ..
FISH (D. T ), Hardwicke
Gardens
FISHER(Rev. O)
FITCH (W. H). F.L.S.
FLEMING (J), Cliveden
Gardens
FOSTER. Dr. M., F.R.S.
FROST fP.). Dtopmore Gardens
GIBSON (W,\I.)
GILBERT (J. H). F.R S.
GLAISHER(J.), FR.S
GRAY (Prof. AS.H), Boston
GREEN (Charles), Pendell Court
GRIEVE (P.). Bury St. Edmunds
GRINDDN (LEO)
HAN BURY (T.), Mentone
HART(J). Jamaica
HEER (Professor O), Zurich . .
HEMSLEY (W. B.)
HENRY (I. ANDERSON) ..
HENRIuUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra
HENSLOW(Rev. G.) ..
HOOKER (Sir J. D.). K.C.S.I.
HORNER (Rev. F. D.)
HOWARD (J. E.), F.R.S.
HUD.iON 0), Gunnetibury
Gatdens
IM THURN (EVERARD),
British Guiana
INGRAM (W.), Belvoir Gardens
JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum
JOLY (C), Paris
KILLICK (L), Maidstone
KNIGHT (H.)
KDLB (MAX), Munich
KRELAGE (J. H.i, Haarlem ..
LANGE (Prof.), Copenhagen ..
LAVALLEE (ALPH.), Paris . .
LEES (E.), F.L.S
LEICHTLIN (MAX), Baden
Baden . .
LINDBERG (Prof.), Helsingfors
LYNCH (R. 1), Cambridge
Botanic Garden
MACLACHLAN (R.), F.R.S. ..
MANGLES (J. H.), F.L.S.
MARIES(C.)
MARTINS (Prof.), Montpellier..
MAW (G.), F.L.S
MEEHAN (T), Philadelphia ..
MELVILLE (D.), Dunrobin
Gardens
MICHIE (C. v.), Cullen House,
Banff
MILES (G. T.), Wycombe Abbey
Gardens . . . . . ..
MILLER (W.), Combe Abbey ..
MONTEIRO(Chev.), Lisbon ..
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
ConiTers.
Garden Literature.
Landscape Gardening.
Roses.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
R.ises.
Illustrations.
Practical Gardening.
Plant Physiology.
Practical Gardening.
Town Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Meteorology.
Garden Botany.
Plant Culture.
Practical Gardening.
Garden Literature.
Fo.-eigo Correspondence.
C jlonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
G.trden Botany.
Garden Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Vegetable Physiology.
Garden Botany.
Florists' Flowers.
Cinchonas.
Flower CJardening.
Colonial Notes.
Practical Gardening.
Economic Botany.
Foreign Correspondence.
Fruit Culiure.
Practical Gardening.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany.
Tree Lore.
Garden Plants.
Foreign Correspondence.
Garden Botany,
Insects.
Rhododendrons.
Japan Plants.
Foreign CorresRondence.
Crocus — Garden Plants.
American Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Forestry.
Practical Gardening.
Practical Gaidening.
Foreign Correspondence.
MOORE (F.). Glisncvin Botanic
Garden . .
MORREN (Professor), Liege ..
M0RR1S(D.), Jamaica ..
MUDD (C). Smth Afiica
MUELLER (Baton FERD. V.),
Melbourne
MURTON (H. J.). Siam
NAUDIM(C). Antibes ..
NELSON (C. J ), Orange Free
S'.ate
NESFIELD(MARKHAM) ..
NICHOLSON (G), Kew
OLIVER (Capt S )
OLIVEIRA ((. D'), Oporto
OLLERHEAD (J), Wimbledon
Park Gardens .. .. .. Practical Gardening.
ORMEROD(Miss) .. .. Insects.
OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am-
sterdam . . . . . . . . Foreign Correspondence.
PAGET (Sir James) .. .. Diseases of PLnls.
PAUL(WM.) Floricuhure.
PE\KE(A. W.) Vegetable Chemistry.
PFITZER(Pr,)f.), Heidelberg .. "-i-:'-
PH1LIPS(W.)
PLANCHON (Prof.), Montpellier
PLOWRIGHT(C.)
PRES1'0(H.), itinidad ..
PVNAERT{E ), Ghent ..
REGEL (E ), St. Petersburg ..
REICHENBACH (Professor) ..
RIVERS (F.), Sawbridgeworth..
ROBINSON (J. F)
RODIGAS. (E.), Ghent ..
SARGENT (C. W.). Boston ..
SAUL (M.), Slourton Gardens ..
SCHOM BURGK (Dr.). Adelaide
SCHUBELER(Prof I.Christiana
SHEPPARD (J.), Woolverstou
Gardens
SIEMENS(Dr.), F.RS.
SMITH (A.). Hycres ..
SMITH (W. G). F.L.S.
SORAUER (Prof.), Proskau ..
SURINGAR (Professor). Leyden
SWAN (W.), Fallowfield..
SYME (G.). Jamaica
THURBER (G), New York ..
TID.MARSH, Graham's Town ..
TODARO (Baro.a). Palermo
TRIME.N(H), Ceylon
WALLIS (J.), Keele Gardens ..
WARD (H. W), Longford Castle
Gardens
WARINGTON (R.)
WATSON (SERKNO) ..
WEBSTER (J ), Goidon Castle
Gardens
WEIR (H.). Brenchley ..
WESTWOOD (Professor)
WILDoMlTH (W ), Heckfield
Gardens . .
WILSON (G. F), F.R.S.,
WILSON (D.) Practrcal Gardening
WITTMACK (Dr.), Berlin .. Foreign Correspondence.
WOLKENSTEIN, St. Petersburg Foreign Correspondence.
With many others.
Praciical Gardening
Foreign Correspondence.
Colonial Notes.
Colonial Notes.
Ailslrallan Plants.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Landscape Gardening.
Arboretum.
Foreign Correspondence.
Foreign Correspondence.
Orchids
Fungi -PI int Diseasei,.
Foreign Correspondence.
Fungi — Plant Diseases.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondent^a,
Foreign Correspondence.
Orchids.
Fruit Culture,
Bees.
Foreign Correspondence.
American Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Colonial Notes.
Foreign Correspondence.
Practical Gardening.
Electric Light.
Foreign Correspondence
Illustrations — Fungi,
Diseases of Plants.
Foreign Correspondencff,
Orchid Culture.
Colonial Notes.
American Correspondenca,
Colonial Notes.
Garden Botany.
Colonial Notes.
Practic:al Gardening.
Practical Gardening.
Vegetable Chemistry.
Garder, Botany.
Practical Gardening.
Gardening for Amateurs.
Insects.
Practical Gaxdening.
Lilies. &c.
252
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[ACGUST 25, 1883,
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers* Leeds,
Yorkshire.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C,
W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can he seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists ot Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
BAYI.ISS>
BArtlissi
Catalogues -
Manufact6ry:VidloriaWoi-ks;w61i/erham^
tONDa)^;6TFi.OE;;:3,CRqOKB!>-taWE,t5,lN& Wl Ui-I AM ST.
No. 74. Tliree-quarter SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.
CASH PRICES— Carriage Paid.
No. 2 size .. 8 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. Z4 15 o
No. 3 size .. 12 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 6 10 o
No. 4 size . . 16 ft. long . . 6 ft. wide . . 850
These Frames are 13 inches high in front, 24 inches high at
the back, and 32 inches at the ridge. Front or back lights
turn over. Set-opes are provided lor ventilating. All painted
four coats of best oil colour, and the lights are glazed with best
21-0Z. English glass.
G-EEENHOUSES,
Suitable for Villas, Small Country Houses.
NEW CATALOGUE. NOW READY. FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
Cucumber Frames.
EHALLIDAY and CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
topether and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England : — £> s. d.
2-lieht frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) p-„i,:„„ (300
3-lieht frame, w feet by 6 feet V p^^Xfvf^ -^ S 5 o
6-Iight frame. 24 feet by 6 feet j '-ases tree y^^ ^^
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.
R. HALLIDAY and CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horlicukural Works, Middleton, Manchester.
LABELS,
WATERPROOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON. LINCOLNSHIRE.
CO.
Under the Patronage of tlie Queen.
S M ITH'S IMPKRISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Mttal, with raised
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Garde^ters' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Siratford-on-Avon.
ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Thames St., London, E.C.
AMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 feet. The lareest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN. Dutton Street, Liverpool.
EIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine, on rail at 75. td. per ton — not less than 4-ton trucks
Terms cash. — Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate.
Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Rc^hte-ed Trade Mark)
R
This VARNISH is an excellent subsiilute for oil paint on
all outdoor woik, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
iutroduced upwards of thirty years ago by the advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstarding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gtntry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i^. dd. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or 15. %d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" Piercejield Park. June ix, 1876.— Sirs — I have this day
forwaidfd from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as eood Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — lam, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully, Wm. Cu.\."
C.-ii/77t?.\'.— Hill & Smith would particularly warn iheir
Custcniers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S-'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the k'ngdoin for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials ihey lezeive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every C3^k is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none i^ genuine.
Larp.e illuslr.ned CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c. . sent free on application lo
HILL and SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
iiS, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and ig6, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.
UNDES SPECIAL BOTAL PATBONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For 2dl Dlsordera in Horses, Cattle,
C£ilves, Sbeep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever knovifn as " Day's."
Price ot Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
j^2 i6i. 6(/. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAY. SON & HEWITT, is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON ;
AND WANT.'iGE, BERKS.
SPECIAL '2.\-0Z. SHff;-
d^
.\\
5.^
<%
hobticultubal sizss.
%
'^
20 Eoxes, 20 X 12
10 ,, 20x15
10 Boxes, 20x14
20 ,, 20X18
10 Boxes, 20 X 13
10 ,, 20x16
20 ,, 24X1S
In 200 feet Boxes, at ^\d. per foot nett for not less Ihan
1000 feet. BOXES FREE.
GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. Jolin's Street, West Smithfield, London, E.C.
Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles.
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do " grown " Edgines. consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfnars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, £.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
illustrated Price Lists free bv Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories. Halls, Corridors. Balconies. &c.,
from 3.J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths. &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.
F, ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and TUe Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L "V E V. S~ AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered durect from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities,
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N. B. — Orders promotlv executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
TEN SILVER
AWARDED
BIEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, THE ROYAL POTTERY,
^ Weston SUPER-MARE. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the fronts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID. FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, bd. Book of Designs, li.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, die.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
betham: & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES .STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in, by 16 in., 23 in. by 18 in , in i6-oz.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purpases, in 200-ft. and 303ft. cases.
X^^
.W^
^^^^^^^ET,^
21 oz. Foreign, ol the following
M<i
I4X 12
20 X 12
20x14
20x16
:6xi2
16x14
20x15
22x16
18x12
18x14
i8xi6
24x16
3dB and 4tbB dualities always kept In stock :—
20X18
22x18
24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
from
OEOBGE FABMIIiOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
S4, St Jolin's Street, West Smltbfleld, London, E,a
ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.-All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre. Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN AND
SONS, 4 and 5. Wormwood Street, London, E C.
RICK CLOTHS. GARDEN NETTING,
&c.— RICK CLOTHS, TARPAULINS. SACKS, and
every requisite for Farm purposes. Illustrated Catalogues post-
f.ee. Can be obtained of HENRY VAN ANn CO., 17. Tooley
Street, London, S E. who also supply GARDEN NETTING,
2 yards wide, \Vzd. ; and 4 yards wide, -jd. per yard.
SCRIM CANVAS, I yard wide. %d. ; jH yard, tl4d. : and
2 yards, 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in pieces
of 20 yards each, at 3J. 6d. per piece.
August 25, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
253
8 PATENT HOT-WATER BOILERS.
Can be heightened or lowered, or made to suit any rei|uire-
nienls. They stand compictc in themselves, and require no
building woric. being whohy water-jacktted and thus entirely
free from risk by fire. 'I'liey can be had all sizes, lo heat from,
say, a few feet up to 8000 fctt of 4-inch pipe each ; are now
in all parts of the wurld, and are unrivalled as being the best,
most powerful, and most economical Hot-water Boilers in use.
HIGHEST
AWARDS
W H E R EVE R
EXHIBITED.
FSTABI.ISHRD 1823.
KEITH'S
PRIZE
HYDRAULIC RAMS
and HYDRAULIC
RAM PUMPS.
Self Acting,
For Raising Water, are
the most powerful, most
efficient, and most diir>
able in use.
Specimen Extracts from Teatlmonlala:—
From W. Morgan RonniNS, Esq , Architect, Il/iacombe,
St-picmhcr 9, 1880.
'* I am delighted with your Boiler ; it answers admirably, and
the directors are satisfied that it is one of the best ^25 worth
ever put in the hotel."
from Q. C. Chalmers, Garffens q/" James Mudie, Esq.,
Broughty ferry, September 15, 1880.
*' Your Boiler beats all my expectations ; at present one fire
serves for twelve hours, and keeps up a good, steady heat."
From Isaac Holden, Esq.. Oaktvoyth House, Kdghley, York-
sfiire, "Jutie ig, 18S1.
" Your Boilers are the best we hive tried." (Note ; One o(
these Boilers heats nearly Soco feet of 4-inch pipe.)
From Wm. Frasrr, Ktppen GarJetta, Dunning', Perthshire,
December 6, 1881.
*'l consider your Boiler most efficient ; as for economy, it is
the acme of perfection."
From Rev. Ja.mes Cardwell. Military Academy^ Highlands,
Jency, December 31, i88r.
"Nothing could be better than the Boiler you sent me ; it
burns all sorts of rubbish, and gives an excellent heat.'
From Arthiir Booty, Esq.. Rcse Villa Nurseries, Hi^h
Harrogate, ISIarch 22, 1882.
' Your Boiler has exceeded all my expectations ; it will pay
for itself as a fuel saver in a short time. It heats 2oco feet of
4-inch pipe." ^______ _„^ ^_
Keith's Treatise on *' Heating by Artificial Means,
for twelve stamps.
PATENT MINERAL OIL GAS WORKS, are unrivalled for use in the Country or in the Colonies.
PATENT SECriO>JAL HOT-WATEK. COIL TABLES, have three times the Radiating Surface of any other form of Pipe Coil.
PATENT OPEN FIRE, Ornamental HOT-WATER APPARATUS, combining Warmth, Cheerfulness, Ventilation and Perfect Saftty.
JAMES KEITH. GAS, HYDRAULIC and HEATING ENGINEER, LONDON. EDINBURGH, and ARBROATH.
57, Holborn Viaduct, London, E.C. 120, George St., Edinburgli. High St., Arbroath,
post-free,
K E I T H'S
S. OWENS & CO.,
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS,
WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.G.
THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.
This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
S^2J~ suited for supplying PubUc or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.
No. 37.
No. 63.
DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.
PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or
Sleam Power. [Gardens, &c.
No. 46,;. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49,7. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIER.S, for Garden use.
No. 50 and 54(7. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 33. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.
S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hydraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINE^,
WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, BATHS, DRYING CLOSETS, GASWORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates Jurnished.
No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.
No. 54,4. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the
Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.
No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.
No. 39^. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for
Garden use.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
of every description con-
structed, erected, fitted,
and heated.
T.H.P.Dennis&Co.,
Manslou House BuUdings,
London, E.C.
Works : Cbelmsford.
254
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
f August 25; 1883.
THE GARDENER^ CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING,
Head Li?te c/
ars:i^d as tti-'O.
4 Lines
.. £,a 3 0
15 Lines
..£08
8 .,
..036
16 „
..09
8 „
.. 040
17 „
..09
7 „
..046
18 „
.. 0 10
8 „
..050
19 ,.
,. 0 10
9 .,
. ..056
20 „
.. 0 II
10 ,.
..060
21 „
.« 0 11
11 „
..066
22 „
.. 012
12 ,i
..070
23 „
.. 0 12
13 „
..076
24 „
.. 0 13
14 „
..080
25 „
-. 0 13
AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.
If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 305.
Page ^900
Half Page 500
Column .. .. .. ..350
GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTINa SITUATIONS.
26 words i^. 6(/. , and td. for every additional Hue
(about g words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
IMPORTANT NOTICE. —Advertisers are cantioned
agai7tst havin-g Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the autliorities and
returned to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion.
Adve>-iisemcnts for the cio-rent zveek must rea<:h the Office
I'V Thursday noon.
All Subscriptions payable in advance.
The United Kingdom : 12 Month?, £,1 35, lod. ; 6 Months,
lis. iid. ' 3 Months, 6s.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,
£1 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, £1 Ss. nd.
Post cfTice Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C, to W. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W. C.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
103 yards forioi., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85>ards
for I05., delivered frte per parcels post. Very useful pure Cotton
tor Curtains, Blitids. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mill?, Burnley.
EACH HOUSES FOR SALE, at Aston
Hall, Preston Brook, close to Sutton Weaver Station, on
the London and North -We stern Rail A-ay.— The Glass and
Wood Frames of a Ranee of Peach Houses, 300 feet long,
12 feet wide, 4 feet high at front, and 12 feet high at back. 'I"o
be removed by the Purchaser, doing as little damage as possible,
and all to be cleared away before September S. Offers to be
made to
Mr. ANDREW STORMONT, The Gardens, Aston Hall.
Prestcn Brook.
GREAT "n QRT H E R N R aYlWA Y.
SANDY FLOWER SHOW.
On FRIDAY, August 3t, a CHEAP DAY TRIP, at EX-
CURSION FARES, for SANDY, will leave Moorgate Street,
at 1021 a.m.; Aldersgate Street, 1023; Farringdon Street,
10.25; King's Cross (Great Northern), 10. 35 : Holioway, 10 42 ;
and Finsbury Park, 10,45 a.m. Returning from Sandy at S.ior.M.
For fiiriher particalars see small Bills, which may be obiained
at the Stations.
HENRY OAKLEY, General Manager.
Lcftdon, King's Cross Station, August 23. 18S3,
RYSTAL PALACE COMPAN Y^S
SCHOOL ofGARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT
of ESTATES.— Principal. Mr. Edward Milker, F.L.S.
Next Term Opens on SEPTEMBER i. Prospectus and parti-
culars in the Office of the School of Art, Science, and Litera-
ture, iu the Library, Crystal Palace, Sydenham, S.E.
F. K. J. SHENTON,
SUijerintendent Educational Department.
Accidents !- 64, Comhill.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
BAILW AY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Comp,any. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;£i,ooo,coo.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ^16250,000. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years, j^i, 840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Cleiks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
S' UN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.C. ; Charing Cross, S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE.— Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at
moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large Bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ;^ 200, 000.— -Reserve Fund, ;£75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ..Cio to
;C5coo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds from ;£$ per cent, from one
month to 15 years. No suielies required.
AiTeats of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
cJVcunistances. The advances exceed ;£25o,ooo per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
Established 1S67.)
PAXTON'S CALENDAR
Now ready, a Revised Edition of the
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
OF
GARDEN OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.
Price Sd., Post Free 3id,
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
Farms, Estates. Residences.
Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the
IDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Midland Counties
Herald Oihze, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Herala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates^ and Residences for Sale and to be Let.
The Sydney Mail
NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.
CONTENTS :—
INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn acd engraved
especially for this Journal,)
NATURAL HISTORY, (Original Articles.
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL ard SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTR.\-
LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.
THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
CO.MMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation thrcuphout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, S:c. It contains
a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.
Subscription in Advanoe, £1 6s. per Anntun.
Single Copies, 6d. ; Stamped , 7(f.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales,
ENGLAND.
The undermentioned Newspaper and Adrertisin^ A^;ents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS fcr the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :-
London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Coinhill, E.C.
Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard
Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,
Fleet Street, E.C.
Messr?. W. H. Smith & Son, 1S6. Strand.
Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royat Irtsurance
Buildings.
Manchester. . James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh.... Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.
Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange
Place.
Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers^
Belgian,
BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1S65, by f . Burve-
NiCH, F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. Van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
ment at Ghent Post-paid, 10^. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanica Gardens, Ghent, Belgium^
REVUE de FHORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard,
E. Andre, C. Baltet, T. Buchetet. F. Burveiiich, F. CriSpin,
Comte de Gomer. De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver. H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Ro-^igas, A. Siraux; 0-.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.
This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
iri Parts of 24 pages, Svo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.
Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year,
115., payable in advance.
Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Eruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
%\ the Chief Post-office. Ghent.
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING interests or America.
EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.
To any one who owns a flower-pot, a garden, or a farm.
It is Indispensalile,
because it gives all the latest and best information about evety-
thiog pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It is Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors are practical horticulturists,
who write from actual experience and can prove the correctness of
their teachings. It is always Seasonable,
because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the v/orkof the month, which alone
are worth more than the price ef the paper.
It is Clean and Pure,
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in tlie
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums.
In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles oflered in our
Premium List — either Seeds. Plants, Books, or Implements. A
Sample Copy and complete Premium List will be mailed free to
all applicants.
5^. per aiinnm. Sample Copy Free,
Address, B. K. BLISS & SONS, PubUshers,
34, BARCLAY STREET. NEW YORK.
August 25, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
255
WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR-
DBNKR, wliere two aieVepl. Ihorou^lily compelenl
in all braiichc-i. Nn Fui^sinjn lieed apply, ^taie aee, wages,
family, referencas, iS:t; — K, L. L., Sandiioge Park, MelkLhain,
Wilis.
WANTED, a GARDENER (single). One
used to Propagating in a Nur..;eiy, u-derstandirc
Gener.nl Kitchen Garden and Glass Work, and willing to make
himstlf ueful in taking cliarge i.f a Pony.— Apijly, by letter,
to II. EVANS, 120, The G ove. Ealing, W.
\ArANTED, an experTenced WORKING
\V GARDENER, wife as Laundres.^ to live on ihe
premises. One girl old enough to help in Laui dry an advan-
tage. Second man kept.— Apply by letter, with full particulars,
to A. B., Mr. Cooper, Post-ofTice. Esher, Surrey.
ANTED, a NURSERY FOREMAN,
with a eood knowledge nf Forest Trees and Shrubs —
JOSEPH TRKMBLE and SON, Victoria and The Castle
Nur-eries, Penrith,
OLLERHKAU, The Gardens, Wimbledon
o House, Wimbledon, S.W., lixvi.ig ieciued the situation
of Fortm.ui. at Lockinjje Park, for C. t_;raiiilijin, hts now a
VACAN V for a MAM to TAKE CH^RCiE ut FLOWER
GARDEN Wages, iSj. per week and Bulhy. No Premium.
No per^onal application entertained. — Ap^jly by letter only.
^ANTED, a MAN, lo Grow Roses and
Pelargoniums for the London Market. Liberal wagts
to a suitable m.^n.— Apply, by letter, to A. B,, Miss Wight,
Stationer, -izo. Dover Road, Borou;^h, S. E.
WANTED, a young MAN, used to Flower
and Kiichcu CJardeii and Pleasure Grijund Work.
Slate age, experience, and w.iges required. — W. WELCH,
Higtigrove Ci.ivdens, Reading.
WANTED, a GARDEN LABOURER,
mart ltd, willisut family, to live In loc'ge. Wife lo
attend Gate. Wages 15s. per week, with vegetables and firing.
— Mr. K. DIXON. Searles. Fletching. near Uckfield.
ANTED, a SHOPMAN, for a Seed
Business, having a knowledge of Cut Flowe;s, Fiuit,
&c.— Apply, slating age, ialaiy required, 5:c., 29, FinkU Street,
Kendal.
WANT PLAGES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
HE LlVERPOOlT^ H ORTI CULT URAL
COMPANV (Jons Cowan), Limited, Garston, wish to
inform any Nobleman or Oenllcm^n who may be in want of a
first-rate man as GARDENER, or GARDENER and
BAILIFF, that they are at present in a position to recommend
an exceptionally good man. .
E
,(' G. HENDERSON and SON
-J» have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and good characer waiting re-engagem- nts
as HEAD GAKDENKRS. GARDblNERS and BAILIFF.S,
FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be ple.-ised to send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring such. — Pine-
apple Nuffery, Maida Vale, W,
I C H AR D SMITH AND CO.
beg tn announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and ih:it
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. Juhn's Nurseries, Worcester,
BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requinns any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the differerit c^pacijies will be made. — HoUoway, N.
ARDENER (Head), at a Country House.
— Married ; understands thoroughly every branch Wife
is an experienced Cook. Good reference — JOHN HAYVVARD,
Capt. R. Pudsey Dawson, Delbrug Hall, Craven Arm?, Salop.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 27, marriecf;
fourteen years' experience. Excellent testimonials from
present and previous situations. — J. E,, Scampston Gardens,
Rillington, York^ _^
ARDENER (HEAD). — Scotcli, marriedl
Steady, energetic, and trustworthy. Thiriy years' prac-
tical experience in all branches of Gardening. Twenty years'
excellent refertrce. — A. B C, R. Baxendine, Nurseryman and
Florist, High Street, Guildford. Surrey.
ARDENER (He.^d).— W.M. ALEXANDER,
for nearly live years Gardener to Sir Hugh D^lrymple,
Bart., Luchie, leaves in October, and is desirous nf securing
another situation in the above capacity.— WM, ALEX'ANDER,
Luchie Gardens. North Berwick, East Lothian.
GARDENER (Head). — Age 3S, married
(one little girl, age nine); thoroughly understands the
profession in all its branches, and a successful Orchid GroA-er.
Seven years in last situation. Testimonials of the highcit
order.— W. SHERWIN, The Wharf, Lyonshall, Kington,
Herefordshire.
GJARDENER (Head).— H. Linds.w, Gar-
* dener to Colonel Starkie, Huntroyde, Burnley, Lancashira,
can With every confidence recommend his Foreman, William
Millward. who has been with him three years, to any I ady or
Gentleman requiring the services of a first-rate Gai dener.
First-class references as to character and ability.
ARDENER (Head) ; age 27, single.—
E. Wright, for the last three and a half years in the
gardens of the Right Hon. W. H. Smith, Greenlands, Henley-
on-Thames, 12 years previous in other large places, would be
pleased to treat with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a
thorough practical man. Can be highly recommended by the
present Gardener, also Mr. H. Knight, Superintendent of Parks».
Gardens, &c., to his Majesty the King of the Belgians.
C:i ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33,
■^ mairied ; has a thorough practical knowledge uf iho
profession in all its branches. Six j ears' good character fnin
last sitiialinn — W. R., Lawn Cottage, l-iiem Park, North
Finchley. N.
ARDENER (He.\d, Working).— Age 38,
manicd (iwo children); understards Vines, Melons.
Ciicuinbtrs, J-tove and Clicenhoiise Plants, l-'lawcr and Kitchen
Gaideninp Good character. — E. C, 2, Fiextoii 'lerrace, Rye
Common, Herts,
/ ^ARDENER (Head Working), where more
V_-« are kept— Age 30 married; iwelve years.' experience in
tlic Growii'g of Flowers, Fruits, and Ytgitables. No obj-rction
to the Managenu-nt of Cows and Meaoow Land, Five years'
cood personal ch.iracter from present situation. — A. CARTER,
TheGaiden?;, t'oi^aways, Ewell, Surrey.
ARDENER (Head Working), to any
Lady or GentUman requiring a ihorougnly practical man.
— Married; one cliild (live years) ; well up in Early and Late
Forcing. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Wife no objection to
any class of woik, if required. Excellent chiracter. — F. SIM-
MOND5, 0;d House, Eshtr, Surrey.
C II ARDENER (HEAD WORKING, or other-
^ wise). — Ace iO ; >ixteen years' experience in all branches
of the profeision. ind »ors and out. in I iig<; establishments. — T.
B.. -n, (,heMnut Cottages, ^VocKvich Koad, Btlvedere, Kent.
/:i ARDENER (He.'\d, or good Single-
V_J iLVNTEi); i.car London preferred. Understands Vines,
Grcenh'juse, and Mower and Kitchen G.Trdening I*'our years'
good character.- W. HARRIbO.N, Poplar Cottage, Sydenham,
London, S, E.
/ 1 ARDENER (Head, or good SiNGLE-
V^ ilxwded). — Manitd ; miny yens' experience in Growing
Grapes, Cucumbers, Melons, Fru;f, Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, Flower and Kucli^n Gardei.iiig. Two years' good
characttr — B A., -22, Padderswick Road, Hammersniiih, W.
GARDENER.— Age 25, married when suited ;
lesp'jctable. Could take chaige o' Horfe. Total abstainer.
— A. W. , 3, Orchard Cottage, Ham Street, Ham, Surrey.
ARDENER. — Age 23 ; ten years' experi-
ence in all branches. Good character. Disengaged.
G
-C. C , 40. Beaton Sireet, Chelsea, S.W,
GARDENER, where help is given. — Age 27,
married ; experienced in Vmes ; Pin* s. Peaches, Melons,
and Citcumbers ; aho good Piantsman, — ALPHA, i6, Union
Place, Sot-'th Lowestoft.
C'pVRDENER. — Age 27; well up in all
•^ branches. Cai b« wt 11 recouim-nded by present and
past empbyeis. — J, M. SEABRIGHT, The Gardens, Barrow
Point, Pinner, Middlesex.
GARDENER (good Single-handed).—
Age 30, no fami'y ; seven years' peisonal character.
Weil underitands Conservatories, Greenhouses, and Gardening
in general. — B. B., Sirgood's Libra-y. K^nnir-gton Road, S E,
GARDENER (SECOND), where four or
more are kept. — Tea years' expeiience Good references,
— W. M., 62, Qu-^en's Crescent, Haverstock Hill, London, N.W.
GARDENER (Under), or SECOND where
two or more are kept. — Age 24 ; single. Excellent
character. — F. G , Tullttt S: Son, 3 >, Suriey Street, Croydon.
C ^ARDENER (UNDERJ.—Respemble, young
-^ man. Excellent characier. — W. DELL, Laundry,
Queen Street, Hemel Hempstead. Herts.
/""(ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's
VJ establishment. — Age 20 ; »ix years' experience. Good
references from present employer.— T. T. WlLLEY, Hessle,
HlI'.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age
25; thoroughly compeient. Two years as above. Other
testimoriiali it required,. — J. K., 3, Bredpoit Co.tages,
Belvedere. Kent.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age
23 ; f. u:teen years' practic.^l experience in all depait-
meuEs. Firsi-class testimouia's.- M. C, 5, Stewaii's Grcvc,
Fulhim Road, S W.
FOREMAN.— Aged 26, single; well up in
Fruit and Plant Growing, Forcing. Propagating, &c.
First-class testuronials rrom previous siiua ions. — C. DUMPER,
Church Road, Highfield, Southampton.
I^'^OREMAN, in the Houses. — k^,^ 26,
married, no 'amily : thoioughly practical in all branche;.
Can have the hi,ihest references.— W. COVELL, A>Imerton,
Rtu^hton, N' rwith.
Tj^OREMAN, in the Houses.— W. STEPHENS,
-L for nearly three years Foreman it Basing Park Gardens,
seeks re-engagement as above ; tsn years" practical experience
in all departmei ti. First class refeiences. — Ham Manor Gar-
dens, near Worthing, Sussex.
l^OREMAN (GENERAL).— Age 27, single ;
-L twelve years' good experience in private establishments.
Two years in lail situation as General Foreman. Good re''er-
ence, — H. MILLS, 5S, Goldeney Road, Plnrrow Road,
Paddington, W.
To Nurserymen.
FOREMAN (GENERAL Outdoors). — No
oljection to a litileGla^s; has sixteen years' first class
testimonias for Foremanship. hyteity. steadiness, and skdl,
from Messrs. W Paul h Son, Wahham Cross, and
R. Smiih & Co., Worcester.— Addre-s, in fir.it place, to H. V.,
Mrs Pullaid, Cross Street, Beeston, Notiirgham,
OREMAN, or good SECOND, in a Gentle-
man's establishment.— i^ga 25; thorough knowledge of
the profession. First-class refcrences.— F. BIBLE, Woodfield,
Stevenage, Herts.
OREMAN PROPAGATOR, and
GROWER for Market, or otherwise.— Age 44 ; many
years. in the Trade, and well up in all its bfSilches. — A. B.,
Yew Cottage, St. Mary's Road, Oathnds Park, Surrey.
FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and
GROWER of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Roses, &c.,
and Choice Cut Flowers, to supply a hrst-class trade ; Bouquets,
Wreaths, &c — G. H., Eastgaie Nurseries, Peterborough.
PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24";
ten years' experience in Propagating and Growing Soft-
wooded Plants. Well recommended — H. EDEN, 12, York
Street, Butts, Coventry.
PROPAGATOR (Assistant). — Age 21;
four years in present situation. Well up in the Cultiva-
tion ol Tea Roses. — J. OWEN, Summerhow Nurseries, near
Kendal.
To NurBerjfmen,
C^ROWER and PROPAGATOR of Soft-
VJ* wooded Plants,- Age 25 ; well up in the General Routine
of Maiket Woik. Ten years' experience in London and Pro-
vincial Nurseries. Highest references. ~H. H., 7, Anthony
Terrace, High iitreet, Plumsiead.
TJERHACEOUS PLANT GROWER.—
-^ — *- Exicnsive special knowledge of Herbaceous, Alpine and
lijiboui Plants, ihcir Culture ^nd Propagation. Excellent
references from leading Firm*. Fourteen yeari' experience —
ALPHA. Mr. Chas. Carr, i, Fhxton Terrace, Rye I'ark,
Hoddesdon, Herts.
JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.—
t-' Age 21 ; ei^ht yearj' experience. Two yearo' good cha-
racter from last situation.- CHAS. SURMAN, High Street,
Wiincy, O-Kon.
JOURNEYMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gen-
^J tk-man's Garden. — Age 26; two years' good character from
last situation.— G., 3, Victoria Cottages, Yiewslcy, ne..r Ux-
bridgc, Middlesex.
TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses. —James
f-' C\pi!ri:i: c.n wiili confidence lecommerd a young man as
above, who has a lliorough knowledge of Plant Growing. —
C M., Oiieen's Road Nurseries, Cheliciiham.
TOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's estab-
tl ment. where he can Improve in the General Work (Inside).
—Age 20; three year^' character from last situation. Bothy
preferred.— W. FREWIN, Dunsdan Green, near Reading.
TMPROVER, where the general routine of
J- gaidei.ing may be learnt.— Age 18 ; twelve months in
nursery.- C. H , Mr. Surman, High Street, Witney, Oxoii.
HEAD GARDENERS. —Advertiser
can confidently leccmmend a reaily tiustwoilhy young
man for the Houses in a large establishment. Age 23. — G. H ,
Ravensbury L.dge, Morden Road, Mitcham, Surrey.
TO GENTLEMEN and GROWERS for
MARKET. — Mr. W. Cale can recommend a thoroughly
competent man of many years' experience to Manage a Large
Place, and Gio// for Maiket. Fruit, Tomatos, Cucumbers,
Orchids, and FL^nts for Cut Flowers, &c.— 4, Tavistock Row,
Covent Garden, W.C.
rpo
J- c;
ri^O GENTLEMEN,— Advertiser, with many
J- yeais* expeiience in Market Work, would take sole
Management ot an extensive first-class Horticultural Business.
—A. S., 17, Water Lane, Watlord, Herts.
SHOPMAN, in the Retail Seed Trade.— Age
22 : six years' experience. Highest references can be
given. -X. Y. Z., 17, Seymour Street, St. John's, New Cross,
i-ondcn, S. E,
UHOPMAN, or SECOND in a good house.
^ —Seven years' general experience. First-class references.
—DELTA, 14, Selborne Street, Prince's Road, Liverpool.
Q HOPMAN (ASSISTANT). — Thoroughly
O steady, trustworthy, and obliging. A good General
Knowledge cf Seeds. Plants, and Cut Flowers, &c. Highly
recommended.- W. SELLENS, Matfield, Brenchley, Stapk-
hurst, Kent.
QHOPMAN (Assistant), ot COUNTER-
^-^ MAN. — Age 22; the advertiser desires a re-engagement
as above. Of good business address, and with first-class refer-
ences —A. B., Mrs. Mason, ico, St. Ann Street, Chester.
SHOPMAN (Junior).— A young man desires
a situation in a good Seed Establishment. Three years'
experience, with a good knowledge of plants. Good references.
— E. M., Mr. R. Cooper, 93, Southwark Street, London, S, E.
'■j^O SEEDSMEN.— A young man desires a
-L situation in the Seed business ; four years' experience ;
g^od ic''erences —A MALVERN, Mr. Clare, Cotswold Seed
Warehouse, Cheltenham
''FO NURSERYMEN and OTHERS. —
-L Handy-man to Nurserymen or for a Gentleman's Estate ;
Painter, Glarier, Carpenter, &c. Ten years' experience. With
references. — X. Y. Z,, 19, Conduit Street, Is'orthwold Road,
Upper Clapton, London, E.
To Nurserymen.
PACKER. — Twelve years' e.xperience in two
of the leading Nurseriei; ia England.- C. G. T., 10?,
Brighton Road, Upper Clapton, F.
HOLLOWAY'S PILLS are Securities of
Health to all Nations, of whatever clime. They have
given hope, relief, and comfort to millions. In constitutions
debilitated by excesses of any kind, or iu general prostration of
the system, theii effect is tome and restorative. They eradicate
from the system the mortal cause of ailment, and renew in the
frame its pristine animation, health and vigour. They greatly
increase the appetite, give tone to the stomach, assist the diges-
tion, and impart elasticity to the spirits; their essence enters
the ciiculatiuii, and carried ihrough its course exerts its cleans-
ing power over every organ. In the lungs they effect most
striking changes, converting the impure venous into pure arte-
rial blood, by which ihewhole frame is recruited and interstitial
j deposits removed.
256
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[August 25, 1883.
JAMES BOYD & SONS,
lOETICULTUEAL BUILBERS AM HEATIIG ESeilEERS,
PAISLEY AND LONDON.
LONDON OFFICE: 48, PALL MALL, S .W.
Gold Medal, Paris, 1878.
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES.
H.R.H. THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT.
H.R.H. THE DUKE OF ALBANY.
CON TRAC TORS TO
H.M. OFFICE OF WORKS, LONDON.
H.M. OFFICE OF WORKS. DUBLIN.
H.M. CROWN AGENTS FOR THE COLONIES.
THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
THE ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY.
THE ROYAL DUBLIN SOCIETY.
THE KIOSK COMPANY (LIMITED).
Sc, &c., &c
We employ skilled Workmen for every deparlment of the trade, aod ei^e pur whole attention
to the business, thereby enabling us to execute all Orders with economy and dispatch.
Our works (which are now by far the most extensive in the trade) are suuated wuhm a few
miles of Glasgow ; from which Port materials can be foiwatded, at the lowest rates, to all parts
The Buildings, which cover an area of an acre and a quarter, are exclusively devoted to the
manufacture and fitting of Hothouses and HeatioR Apparatus. The improved Machinery is
computed to perform ihe work of two hundred and fifty men ; and ihe total area of the Mills,
Workshop.s, acd Yard, is over four acres.
We make subtantial, durable, and tasteful workmanship our speciality, introducing all real
improvements. „ . . u j ,i .
Gentlemen who contemplate erecting Hothouses or Heating Apparatus would do well to
inspect woik done by us, which can be seen in most parts of Great Britain and Ireland : also m
Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ceylon. &c. , ,_ j r^,
Orders for Shipment careiully fitted and packed, and delivered free on board at Glasgow.
Heating Apparatus designed for and erected in Buildings of every description, and theT
efficiency guaranteed ; or the Apparatus delivered free on btard Bail or Steamer at Glasgow with
complete Plans and Instructions for erection by any ordinary Woikman.
We bee: to call the attention of Botanic Garden Directors and others, both at home and abroad to otir Teak-wood Hothouses, as supplied by us
for the Botanic Gardens at Glasgow, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Ceylon, tsr-c.
HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, IN EITHER WOOD OR IRON, OR BOTH COMBINED.
Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, Cottages, Tennis Courte, Verandahs, &o.
HOT-WATER APPARATUS Jor Warmine: Churches, Schools, Public Builditigs, Mansions, Harness Rooms, Drying Rooms, Hothouses,
and Buildings oj every description.
ILLUSTRATED CIRCULARS Post-free. COMPLETE CATALOGUE, zs.
view of the New Range In the Glasgow Botanic Garden (Built of Teak-wood).
POSTAL
ORDERS.
TO ADVERTISERS, SUBSCRIBERS, AND OTHERS.
It is very important in Eemitting by Postal Order that it should be
PILLED IN payable at
DRURY LANE, to W. BICHARDS,
as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been
made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is
impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from
negotiating it.
N.B.~The best and safest means of remitting is
By POST-OFFICE ORDER or CHEQUE.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by WlLLiAii Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Beadbory, Agnrw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitclriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Pubhshed by
the said William Richard=. at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, August 35, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Hrywood. Agents for Scotland— Mes.srs. J. Menziks & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
estabUfijJcD 1841.
No. 505.— Vol. XX. {ser'ies. } SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER i, 1883. {p^o^sf^Sis'a^Jic^;^^^^^^^
CONTENTS.
Asters 372
Books noticed .. .. 368
Cttinpanul^s. hybridising 275
C'aitleya Eldorado splen-
dent 375
Cedars, ihe, Harrow .,' 264
Cereus giganieus . . 264
Clerodeiiuron foetidum .. 362
Comoosls .. .. .. 263
Cyuripedium tons.um . . 262
Dunliiis >ii>gie .. .. 36S
Dutch gaidcn, a .. .. 269
£ck fold's New Sweet
Peas 264
Fssfx Field Club .. 273
Flt^risis' flowers .. .. 278
Flowers, dry weather .. 278
,, the reriili^ation of. . 366
Foieign coriespondence . 268
Forestry 27S
Fruit show, the autumn . 271
„ wnoo ripening .. 273
Gladioli, new .. ■ .. 27s
Grape growinp^, amateur 272
Gieenhuuse plants out- .
s de .. .. .. 277
H.-iiUiormii and Forests . 279
Heckfield Place .. .. Z74
Insecticides and Phyl-
loxera . . . . . . 274
Insects' visits to flowers . 203
Intern<iiional Potato £x-
hi ition .. .. .. 272
Jersey, horticulture in . . 262
Kttchen garf^en .. 271
Lilies iheuseiof 276
Lilium auratum ,. .. 276
Lord, n paiks, ihe . . 276
Mariynia fragrans .. 274
Melons and Cucumbers . 271
Morocco, drought in
New Zealand, the South-
ern Alps uf
Nottingham gardens
i)iiir>n, the Zittau
Orchard house, the
Orchid notes
Palumbina ard Thunia . .
Paidanthus chinensis
Prachet. and Neciaiines .
Pha'a^nopsis Valentiui ..
I hylloxeia, ihe ..
Plants and their culture .
,, interesting . .
,, in flower at Kew ..
,. new gaiden
Potatos
Roses
Rubus Leesii
Sarctf.nthus belophorus . .
Snow plant, the . .
Societies —
Harpenden Horticul-
tural •
Maidenhead Horticul-
tural ..
Royal Horticultural . .
! Sevenoaks Horticul-
! tural
I Shanklin Horticultural
I Trowbridge Horiicul-
I tural . .
! Worsley Horticultural
Tulipa, the species of ..
Undeiground stems
' Vanda Roxburgtiii var.
' Wrightiana
' Vanda teres
I Veitchia Joannis . .
j Weather, the
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Cereuii giganteus in Arizona
Plan of a garden in the Valley of ihe Meuse
Vanda teres, Mr. Broome's specimen of
267
274
277
271
270
270
27s
271
262
261
271
277
275
262
272
272
276
262
264
266
274
362
272
275
282
265
269
273
TJSITERNATIONAL POTATO EXHIBI-
J- TION^ September 13 and 14.
The ''GARDENERS' CHRONICLE'' for
NEXT SATURDAY, September 8, tviil con-
tain a Portrait of SHIRLEY HIBBERD,
Esq., ajid in ihe following Number will be Ptib-
lished a Full Report of the Show.
THE INTERNATIONAL POTATO
EXHIBITION will be held at the CRYSTAL PALACE.
Sydenham. S.E , on SEPTEMBER 13 and 14, when PRIZES
amr.ut.ting to <.)NE HUNDRED and FORTY POUNDS will
be offered. For Schedules apply to
P. J. McKINLAY. Headley Lodge. Penge, S.E.
HEREFORD APPLE and PEAR SHOW
will be held on WEDNESDAY and THUR-sDAY,
October 24 and 25. Priies open to all. For S-chedule of Prizes,
apply to jj ^ MOORE. Esq., 36. Broad Street, Hereford.
THAME SHOW, September 19.
WALKER'S PERPETUAL PEA.
J. WALKFR will give THREE PRIZES for 50 Pods, as
under: — ist Priie. 20J. ; sd, k 5 ; 3d, 51. All Peas sent by
Post will be put in fair competition.
High Street, Thame, Oxon,
JULES DE COCK, Ornamental Plant Nur-
sery, Ghent. BelKlum. — Many thousand AZALEAS,
INDICA, MOLLIS, and PONIICA; DEUIZTA. HELLE-
BORUS. SPIKjEaS, are dUposabli^ CATALOGUE free on
application.
Herbaceous and Alpine Plants.
PAUL AND SUN, The "Old" Nurseries,
Chejhunt.
Priced De^cript.ve LIST on application.
Woolesale Bulb Catalogue.
W ATKINS AND SIMPSON, Wholesale
Shbdsmen and Bllb Merchants. Exeter Sireet,
Strand, W.C. 'Iheir Wholesale BUlB CATALOGUE is now
ready and may be had on application. Contains prices of Lily
of the Valley crowns or clumps, American aiid A'rican Tube*
loses, Double and Smgle Snowdrops, Winter Aconites. Spuaea,
many sons of Narciss. Tulips. Li'ies. Gladioli, and all the
leading vaiieiies of Dutch, English Fiench and Japanese Bulbs.
Special quotations for targe quantities.
PRI M U LAS, CI NERARI AS, and CALCEO-
LA RI AS. — Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans-
planted Seedlings, at 8x. per 100, 70s. per 1000. package and
carriage free for cash with orders. Good strong MaitSchal Niel
and other Tea ROSES, in 48-pots. at 6oj. per 100.
T. FLETCHER and SON, Florists, &c., Chesterfield.
Y ANE'S PRINCE ALBERT APPLE.—
-•— ^ Come and see this prince of Apples, now in full bearing
on large and small Trftes, and numerous other varieties.
H. LAN£ AND SON, Nurseiies, Great Berkhamiitead.
)ARCELS POST.— CARTERS' BULBS.
PARCELS POST.-
Carriage free.
-CARTERS' SEEDS,
PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SPECIAL
ORDER ROOMS and Parcels Post-cffice now open.
P'aRCELS post.— CARTERS' SPECIAL
VANS and TRUCKS will deliver parcels hourly during
the day to the Post. office.
CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by
Royal Commar d to H. R H the Prince of Wales.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C.
EAUTIFUL NEW EUCHARIS.
EUCHARIS SANDERL
Invaluable for Cut Flowers and General Decoration.
5J. each ; taken by the doien. 3.1. td. each ;
by the 100, as. 61^. each.
Mr. WILTIAM BULL. Establishment for New and Rare
FUnts. 536 King's Road. Chel-ea, London, S.W.
TEA ROSES IN POTS.— Several thousands
to offer, clean, healthy, and full ot buds, including a line
lot of Maiek.hal Niel and Niphetos — the latter in several iizes.
Prices on spi'I'caiion.
F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer, Fam-
borough Station.
PIRvEA PALMATA, for Forcing.— The
finest crowns grown are offered to the Trade at loi. , 151.,
aor., and 25^. per ico
CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.
LUy of the Valley.
ELSTER AND KOLLMANN, Lubeck, near
Hamburg, offer the above. 3-yr. old, extra strong
Crowns, at 34^. per icoo. Three months terms, or terms for
cash price, ou application.
HITE CLOVES for FORCING.— 10,000
of tbe Hybrid White Clove (Mrs. Sinkins), large, bushy
stuff, i-yr. old, transplanted, 6^., 91,, and izs. per dozen. The
Trade supplied. Cash rr suitable Jtxchange.
W. WEALE, Taplow. Bucks.
REEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants beine in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
ORCHIDS. — We invite intending Purchasers
to Day us a visit and inspect our Houses.
The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63.
Tea Roses -Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and oiher Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer GLADIOLI SPIKES, DAHLIAS, single and
double; PVRtTH RUMS, single and double; PHLOXtSand
TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
Hyacmtlis, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
H. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials.
Post.free on application.
Chad Valley Ntirseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
SPIR^A JAPONICA, strong Clumps for
forcing, 12s, per ^o^, C\ ner 1000 ROSES, Sundards,
Half-=tandards. and Dwarfs, in first-cl iss varieties. Hardy Ghent
mollis and Indian AZALEAS and RHODODENDRONS,
in splendid collections of the mot showy sort?, and strong plants
with buds. Will supply the above named articles in quantity
in the nt-xt season, at the t^w. st prices. Price on application.
Apply to ED, PARRfl, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium.
MESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesiuhn, Covenl Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FI OWEKS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on aop'ication.
WANTED, Cuttings of the following
GERANIUMS-Madame Vaucher, Master Christine,
and Henri Jacoby. State price per 100 to
SALTMARSH and SON, The Nurseries, Chelmsford, Essex.
ANTED TO PURCHASE, Choice
CUT FLOWERS and HOTHOUSE FRUIT.
F. MOYSES. 17, Brook Sireet, Bond Street, London, W.
ANTED, PINES, PEACHES, NEC-
TARINES, TOMATOS, CUCUM BF.RS. GRAPES,
PEAR'? PLUMS. &C. Also STEPHANOTIS, Matfchal
Niel ROSES, and other choice CUT FLOWERS.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salumes, Covent Gardu,
)ARCELS POST.
w
TX/'EBBS' GARDEN SEEDS and
vy'EBBS' bulbX
D
ELIVERED FREE TO EVERY
TOWN and VILLAGE in the
J
K
INGDOM.
w
EBBS' GARDEN SEEDS and
w
EBBS' BULBS
■pjIRECT FROM THE GROWERS,
B
Y PARCELS POST.
VyEBB AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen,
YX/'ORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundieds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen. Worcester.
pHOICE FLOWERS for WINTER. —
\J TREE CARNATIONS, Gloire de Nancy, La Belle,
and other fine kinds, strong plants. 40J. per 100. BOUVAR-
DIAS, fine plants, with 15 to 30 shoots, best market sorts, in-
cluding Alfred Neuner, 40J. per 100.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of -
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from \is. to 24^. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on applicatioiL
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nursa7men and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
Roses on Own Roots.
REINE MARIE HENRIETTE,
NIPHETOS, ISABELLA SPRUNT,r£:VE DOR,&c.
Strong plants, izto 15 inches high. js. per dozen, or 4 for 2^.6^.,
carriage paid.
MaIRIS and CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
SPECIAL INVITATION.— Our Nurseries
being now at their best, are open to all who may be
interested in the cultivation of Fruit Trees and Roses.
Ihe journey from London is an easy one, by the Great
Eastern Railway to the Harlow or Sawbndgewonh Station.
THOMAS RIVERS ani> SO "v. Sawbringew.^rth. Herts.
FOR SALE, a small Collection of ORCHIDS,
compris'ng Aerides, Cattleyas. Dendrobium, Phalx-
nopsis, Sacclohium, and others, all in good condition. Apply to
The GARDENER, Florian, Torquay.
ZOLLA PINNATA. — An elegant little
New Zealand Aquatic, suitable for Aquana or Rock Pools
in Ferner'es. A most charming subject under the microscope.
20 Plants in box, post-free. ij. ; 50, -zs , on receiui ot stamps.
T. WKKINSON, London Hill, Hairow.
To the Trade only.
EH. KRELAGE and SON, NURSERY-
• MEN, bEEDSMEN. and Florists, Haat'em, Holland.
The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 36 -a) of Dutch Flower
Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous rooted Plants
for 188^-84 IS now ready, and may be had Iree on prepaid
app'icaiion by Nurseryman Florists, and Seedsmen.
Roses on Own Roots, and Tea Roses In Pots.
PAUL and SON, The "Old" Nurseries,
Cheshunt. recommend planting these during the present
month, and early in September.
Manv thousands in 48-pois, and now ready for delivery.
LIST of sorts on own rooti 00 application.
All the Teas in Catalogue can be supplied.
The '* Old " Nurseries, Cheshunt.
TRAWBERRIES— Next Summer, by
planting now : capital roots, 4s. per 100. In a Few
Months, by forcing : plants in pots, i6.r. per 100. Only the
best varieties are offered. Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
TRAWBERRIES.— We are now prepared
to supply strong healthy Plants, firom ground and in
pots, of all the most approved kinds. A select descriptive
LIST post-free on spplicaiion.
THOMAS RIViLRS and SON, The Nurgcnes. Sawbridgc*
worth, Herts.
258
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September i, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Dutcli Bulba.-Great Unreserved Sales.
Every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Pale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at haK-oast it o'clock precisely each day,
extensiveconsignmentsof HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Hol-
land, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Upper HoUoway. H— Clearance Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. C. BofF (who is disposing
of his ground for building purposes) to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, The Nursery, Maedala Road, Salisbury Road,
Upper Holloway. N., close to the "Archway Tavern," on
WEDNESDAY, September 5, at i ! o'clock punctually, without
reserve, the whole of the GRt EN HOUSE PLANTS, including
about 10 000 Geraniums. 1000 Maidenhair Ferns, and large
quantities of Decorative and Foliage Plants ; 15 newly erected
GREENHOUSES, containing about 15.000 superficial teet,
about i?ooo feet of nearlv new 3 and 4-inch Hot-water PIPING
BOILERS, and BRICKWORK ; three 13-light PITS, several
other PITS, UTENSILS in trade, including 2 tons of SILVER
SAND : also HORSE, MARKET VAN, two-horse VAN,
CARTS, and numerous other items.
May be viewed the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues had on
the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and
68, Cheapslde, and 8. New Broad Street. London, E.C.
N.B.— The valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE, now ripe for
Building purposes, will shortly be offered at the Mart, London,
due notice of which will be given.
Friday Next.
DENDBOBIUM SUAVISSIMUM (true).
CVPRIPEDIUM STONEI.
CATTLEYA SANDERIANA, Rchb. f.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68,
Cheapside E.C. on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 oClock
preci ely, the grandest consignmeot ever offered of CYPRI-
PEDIUM STONEI. The masses are in extraordinary health
and size, and an importation like the one now offered of this,
the finest Cypiipeoium extant, has never been sold before.
Also a grand lot of the true DENDROBIUM SUAVISSI-
MUM. Owing to its growing, as a rule, into Chrysotoxum,
this Dendrobium could not hitherto be offered true. The
present batch comes from a quite new district — from the interior
of Burmah — and they were found growing together.
Also a splendid lot of CATTLEYA SANDERIANA,
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRTE. MASDEVALLIA
HARRYANA, M. MACRURA, and many other ORCHIDS.
On view morningr nf Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, or
at the Auctioneers' Offices, 8, New Broad Street, E.C
Lee, S.E— Great Annual Trade Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Burnt
Ash_ Nursery, Lee, S E., on TUESDAY, September 18, at
II o'clock, in consequence of the unusually large number of
iioo lots, by order ot Mr. E. Mailer, without reserve, 20,00a
WINTER-BLOOMING HEaTHS, beautifully grown and
v/ell set with fluwer-buds. including 10,000 ERICA HYEMA-
LIS. 7000 well-benied SOLANUM CAP.SICA STRUM. 2000
ADIANfUMS, 2000 GENISTAS. 6odo BOUVARDIAS, iooo
decorative PALMS, and a variety of OTHER STOCK, full
particulars of which will appear next week.
Mjy now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, as above.
Tottenham.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE ; to commence punctually
at Ti o'clock, there being upwards of iioj lots.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUC HON, on the Premises, the Bruns-
wick Nursery. Tottenham (close to White Hart Lane Station),
on THURSDAY, September 20, at ir o'Clock precisely, by
order of Mr. John Mallet, without reserve, 20.000 winter bloom-
ing HFATHS, bt;autifully grown, and abundantly set with
flower-buds, including Erica, hyeraalis, gracilis, caffra,
Wilmoiea. and ottier best kinds ; 5000 remarkably well berried
SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM, unsurpassed in the Trade ;
30;o ACACI/\S, iooo handsome PALMS, 1000 well furnished
ADI1NTUMS, 500 FICUS ELASTICA. 1000 TREE CAR-
NATION.S, best vaneties : 5030 BOUVARDIAS. 1000
CYlLAMEN, icoo EUPHORBl a JACQUINI flora, iooo
AZALEAS, large plants of AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS, for
cutting from, 4000 GENISTAS, 500 MYRTLES, 200 EPI-
PHYlLUMS, 500 GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, loco Double
White PRIMULAS, including Gilberts splendid new varieties:
several thousands of small ERICAS, GENISTAS, &c, for
Krowing on. and large quantities of DRACAENAS, GROTONS,
FERNS, BEGONIAS. GARDENIAS, AMPELOPSIS
VEITCHII, CLEMATIS, &c., suitable for the Trade, and
other extensive buyers.
May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad
Street. E.C.
N.B. The whole stock is in first-rate condition, the Ericas
being especially well set for flowers.
Eaton Nurseries, near Norwlcli..
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of beauti-
fully grown NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs.
Ewing & Co., who are giving up their Nurseries.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, the Old Established Nurseries at Eaton, near
Norwich, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, September
26 and 27, at \i oCIock precisely each day. the second portion
of the VALUABLE NURSERY STOCK, comprising the
plants in pots, consisting of about 10,000 Roses in pots of
such sorts as Mar^chal Niel, Niphetos, Gloire de Dijon, and
other best varieties of Teas and Noisettes ; 5000 Clematis in
great variety, of the newest and best kinds; 5000 variegated
and green-leaved Ivies ; Ampelopsis Veitchii, and other hardy
Climbers in pots in suoerb variety ; also about 5000 choice
young Evergreens and Fioweriug Shrubs, many of thetrt new
and lare ; and large quantities of JapaneseJEvergreens, Aucuba
japonica. &c.
May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad SUeet,
London, E.C.
N. B.— A GREAT SATE of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL
TREES and SHRUBS to be held on NOVEMBER 6 and 9.
particulars of which will appear in due course.
Foots' Cray.
By Order of the Executrix.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, The Nursery, Foots' Cay. Kent, on TUESDAY,
September 25, the first portion of the Stock-in-Trade, com-
prising an unusually large variety of FERNS, one of the finest
collections in the Trade. Thousands of Standard and Halt-
standard ROSES, and OTHER STOCK.
Catalogues will shortly be ready, and may be had on the
Premises, or of the Auctioneers as above.
N.B. The Old Established NURSERY BUSINESS is to be
DISPOSED OF, full Particulars of which can be had of the
Auctioneers.
Alteration of Date.
■LflAAk ELEGANS.- PRELIMINARY NOTICE.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68.
Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY, September 28, and NOT
September 21, as previously advertised, a wonderful lot
of Lj^iLIA ELEGANS, in masses of unprecedented size and
condition. Further particulars will duly appear.
Lea Bridge Nurseries. Leyton.— Great Annual Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION.as above, in SEPTEMBER,
by order of Mr. John Eraser, several thousands of E RIC AS,
and other WINTER BLOOMING PLANTS, as in former
years.
Further particulars will appear next week.
Wood Green, N.— Important Trade Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. J. W. Hurst to SELL by AUC-
TION, on the Premises, The Lordship Nursery, Lordship
Lane, Wood Green, N., in SEPTEMBER, about 15.000
DECORATIVE FOLIAGE PLANTS, principally in 48 and
32-pots ; sooo ADIANTUM CUNE \TUM. fine plants, mostly
in 48's : 1600 DRACAENAS, including a splendid lot of the
true rubra variety ; and other Stock, ihe whole of which is
remarkably well-grown, and an inspection is invited.
Catalogues on the Premises and 01 the Auctioneers, as above.
Fortbcomlng Sales.
Every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY, DUTCH
BULDS, at
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.
OCTOBER 2.— At Youne"s Nursery. Balham, GENERAL
NURSERY STOCKand GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
OCTOBER 3 and 4, — At the Nurseries, Richmond, by order
of Messrs. J. & M. Steell, GENERAL NURSERY
STOCK.
OCTOBER 3 and 4.— At the Nurseries, Abbey Wood, Kent,
by order of Mr. Havelock, GENERAL NURSERY
STOCK.
OCTOBER 9 to It.— At the OatUrids Park Nursery. Wey-
bridge, by order of Mr. H. Chapman, Great Sale_of
well grown NURSERY STOCK.
OCTOBER 16 to 19. — At the Nurseries, Ealing, by order of
Messrs. C. Lee & Son, highly important imreserved
Clearance Sale of 12 Acres of beautifully grown NUR-
SERY STOCK, FRUIT TREES, ^c.
NOVEMBER 6 to 9.— At the Eaton Nurseries, near Norwich,
by order of Messrs, Ewing- & Co., who are giving up
their Nursery, the Third Portion of the unusually
well grown NURSERY STOCK.
The Auctioneers beg to call the attention of Noblemen and
Gentlemen largely engaged in planting to the above Sales, and
will be glad to enter names on their list for Caialogues to be
forwarded. Twelve stamps will ensure a regular supply
throughout the season.
67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, London. E.C.
Forthcoming Sales by
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
in addition to those advertised in this paper : —
TUESDAY, September 4 —Sale of HOUSEHOLD FURNI-
TURE, at 5, Fnrest Lane. Stratford.
WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY. Septembers and 6.— Sale
of STOCK and UTENSILS in TRADE of BRUSH
MANUFACTURER and HOUSEHOLD FURNI-
TURE. at 21, Stone Street, Maidstone.
WEDNESDAY, September ij.— Sale of FREEHOLD PRO-
PERTIES, at New Maiden, Snaresbroolt, Wanstead,
Stratford, and Winchmore Hill, at the Auction Mart,
Tokenhouse Yard, E.C.
THURSDAY. September 13.— Sale of FREEHOLD and
LEASEHOLD SHOPS ana DWELLING-HOUSES,
at Leyton and Leytonstone, at the Auction Mart,
Tokenhouse Yard, E.C. 19 Lots.
Particulars and Catalogues of these Sales may be had at the
Estate Office, 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Dutch Flower Boots, ever? Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. KmE Street. Covent
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms ia
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tuesday Next -(Sale No. 6455.)
PERIODICAL SALE of POULTRY a.id PIGEONS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY- NEXT; September
4, at half-oast iz o'clock precisely, about 300 lots of first-
class POULTRY and PIGEONS, from the yards- and lofts of
well-known breeders and exhibitors.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.-
Orcblds from Slam
MR. J. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, September 6, four cases of
ORCHIDS from Siam, containing Dendrobiums, Vandas, Cym-
bidiums, Aerides, Sacc6labimns, and others. A case in a lot.
On view moming sf Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
C.iTTLEYA DOWIANA.
CYPRIPEDIUM LOWL
CATTLEYA MENDELLL
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander, of St. Albans, to SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden. W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT, September 6, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, splendid importations of the
above superb ORCHIDS ; also a magnificent lot of ODON-
TOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRjE, very finest type ; MASUE-
VALLIA HARRYANA, MACRURA and ELtPHANTI-
CEPS ; ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, large
1 owering and autumn flowering type : and many other
ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
EPIDENDRUM HUMBOLDTIL
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W. C , on THURSDAY NEXT, September 6, some
good Plants of the beautifulEPIDENDRUM HaMBOLDlTI,
extremely rare in South America, and not in cultivation in this
country. It has fine branched spikes of extremely handsome
fljwers. sepals and petals rose colour, labellum rich pnrplisli-
maj;enta, with white throat, reminding one of Laslia (Cattleya)
marginata, vide drawing copied from Reicheubach's Xenia^ voL
I. plate 52 ; also a few good plants of the SWAN ORCHID,
Cycnoches chlorochilon, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. '
Highly Important Sale of Established Orchids.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has been favoured
with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURS
DAY, September ao, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the smal
but CHOICE COLLECTION of EbTABLlbHED CAT
TLEYAS, &o , formed by Edward Salt. Esq., of Ferniehursf
Shipley, near Leeds, who is di-posing of all nis Orchids which
require other than cool treatment. The Cattleyas. many of
which have been bought in flower, comprise some almost match-
less varieties. They include many specimen plants, have been
grown with little or no shade, are in the most perlect condition,
and well set with flower-sheaths. Three magnificent specime ns
olANI'HURIUM ANDREAMUM wUl be included, one of
which is believed to be the largest plant in the country if not in
Europe, and very floriferous. '.> he sale will include all the
Cattleyas of the collection, none being reserved.
On view moming of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Very valuable Freehold Estate, called
-SUM.MERHOW,"
And extensive VINERIES, ROSE HOUSES, GARDENIA
and CAMELLIA HOUSES, GREEN SIORE and
CUCUMBER HOUSES, near Kendal, for Sale.
TO BE SOLD BY AUCTION,
BY
Mr. F. J. THORNBER,
At the Commercial Hotel, in Kendal, on WEDNESDAY,
September 5, at 6 o'Clock in the evening,
THE VALUABLE FREEHOLD
RESIDENTIAL ESTATE called "SUMMERHOW,
consisting of a capital Dwelling-house, with Coach-house,
Stables, Harness-room, Cottages, extensive Vineries, Con-
servatories, Gardens, (Jrchard and Outbuildings, and of several
Closes of rich Arable, Meadow, Pasture, and Wood Land,
containing altogether 152, zr. 34p., or thereabouts, situate on
the east side of the highway leading from Kendal to Shap^
in the township of Skelsmergh, in the paribh of Kendal, in
the county of Westmorland, and now in the cccupaiion o£
Charles Wilson, Esq., the owner thereof.
The Estate is delightfully situated, within i mile from Kendal
Station, on the London and North-Western Railway, and abuts
on the river Mint, in which there is good trout fishing. The
rivers Kent and Sprint are al.'-o wiihin a very short distance.
The Residence is prettily placed on rising ground with a sooth
and west aspect and commands extensive views of the Lake
Hills and the surrounding courtry. It is very sub~tantiaJly-
built, and the rooms are aiiy and lofty. It is approached by it
winding carriage drive, fiom which beautiful views are nbtainedy
1 he Hou^e contains vestibule, spacious entrance hall (heated);
dining-room ig feet 10 inches by 18 fctt ; drawing-room, ajfeet,
by iB feet ; break fast>room, kitchen, scul ery. two taidera-,
pantries, five lodging-rooms, nursery, lavatory, bath-roomj
washhouse, and all usual conveniences. —^
The Outbuildings comprise a ihree-stalled stable, harness-
room, coach-house, bam. poultry-house, and piggeries, &c.
In a convenient^ position are TWO DWELLING HOUSES,
occupied by Coachman and Gardener
The Drawing-room windows overlook tastefully laid oUt
flower beds and tennis lawn, and there is a well stocked
Orchard adjoining.
The Glass-houbcs, which have been erected by the Owner, a(
great expense, comprise three extensive Vineries, Rose Houses,
Gardenia and Camellia Houses, and Green Store and Cucumber
Houses. They cover an area of about 3470 superficial squarjC
yardSj are fitted up and heated in the most perfect style. The
Vineries are stocked with high-class Vines, alt in full fruitage. -
The whole property is" comprised within a ring fence, and is
in a very healthy locality. Lake Windermere is within a
distance of S miles.
Printed particulars, with plans, cards to view, and further in-
formation may be obtained from the Auctioneer, Kendal; or a(
the Offices of the undersigned,
ARNOLD AND GREENWOOD, Solicitors, Kendal.
Exchange Chambers, August 14, 1883.
Blenheim Palace Gardens, Oxon.
In consequence of re-arrangements about being made in the
above Gardens.
MESSRS. J. AND W. SCROGGS will SELL
by AUCTION, on TUESDAY, September 18 (the same
day as the Woodstock Agricultural Show), at n for 12 o'Clock,
SELECTED PLANTS. The Catalogue will include drafts
from the Stove and Intermediate Houses at Blenheim Gardens^
and will comprise several large and well-grown specimens of
Clerodendron Balfounanum. Atlamanda Hendersoni, Anchu-
rium crvstallinum, Cycis revoluta, Medinilla magnifica. Stepha-
nctis floribunda, Adiantum Farleyense, Croton Johannis;^
Davallia Mooreana. and Cissus discolor:
The plants wiH be on view the day previous to sale, by ticket
only. Catalogues and orders to view maybe had at the Estates
Office, Blenheim Palace, of Mr. CLARK, Head Gardener, and
of J. AND W. SCROGGS, Auctioneers, Kidlington. Oxon.
N. B, In consequence of the absence of the Family on Sep-
tember 18, notice is hereby given that the Palac4 and Gardcal
will b« open to the Public for tliat day only.
.cMi." iPniPiW-Vit*^''^!- -.1"-.
SBPTEMBgR I, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
259
Highly Important Sale of Camellias and Orchids,
MESSRS. SMITH AND DEWAK have
b^^eii instructed by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Sons,
Clovenfords, Galashiels, to SELL, in their Auction Rooms, 79,
Great George Street, Edinburgh, on THURSDAY. September
13. a very valuable lot of Cf^MELLIAS in tubs (nearly all
Alba plena) and covered with flower-buds; also some splendid
SPECIMEN ORCHIDS, all in perfect health and well worthy
of the attention of Orchid Growers.
Plants will be on view on September 12. Catalogues to be
had on application.
FOR SALE, a NURSERY, about an Acre,
3 long Greenhouses, 4*roomed Cottage, 18 Lights :
17 years* Leaye.
For particulars apply loH. CROOK, 6, Belmont Place, East
Greenwich, S.E.
FOR SALE, FLORIST and FRUITERER'S
BUSINESS, doing good family and ready-money trade.
First-class fitted shop, g-roomed House, in main thoroughfare.
Managed with liit'e expense. Trade ^[30 per week. Price
low, as owner has i^one into wholesale business. Lease
30 years. Established 10 years,
W. M C, Gardeners' Chronicle Oftice, 41, Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C.
TO BE DISPOSED OF, a genuine good
going NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS, in Country
Market Town in Warwickshire. Nuisery 4 Acres, well stocked,
fine Shop. Has been over thirty years a seed shop. Incoming
about .;^400 ; valuation or agreement.
Apply OWEN DAVIES, Esq., Bank. Alcester.
NURSERY for SALE. ^500. Eight-roomed
House, Stabling, and Sheds. Eight Houses, all well
heated and stocked, standing on about an acre of ground.
Lease 14 years. Rent ^48. Within an e.isy distance of Covent
Garden. Good opportunity for a practical man.
A, X 35, Messrs. Deacon's, Leadenhall Street, London, E.
Fifty Ntirserles, Market Gardens. Florist and Seed
BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
ROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horti-
CULTURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers
and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.
^mTl LI NOT ON AND~cb., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
D
UTCH BULBS
D
IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, NURSERYMEN,
Overveen. near Haarlem, Holland.
Before ordering Dutch Bulb?, read Ant. Roozen & Son's
CATALOGUE lor 1883, which their Agents, Mes-rs. MER-
TENS andCO., s, Bilhter Square, London, E.C, will forward
Post-free on application.
1883.1 Offer of Seeds from [1884.
AL I E T Z £ , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• Gross Prices in Shillings.
ACROCOMIA sclerocarpa . .
ARAUCARIA brasiliensis ..
ARECA lutescens
,,,,,. •• S 000 Seeds, 1005.
., „ ■. .. 10,000 Seeds, i6oj.
„ madagasc.
„ rubra ..
,,,,.. .. S,oo3 Seeds, 50J.
., I, .. .. 10 oco Seeds, Soj,
ASTROCARYUM Airi
ATTALEA speciosa ..
BACTRIS Maraja
CARYOTA soboUfera
M urens .. .,
COCOS campestris ,.
,, flexuosa ..
„ oleracea . .
,, ptumosa . .
It ,, .. .. 5,coo Seeds, 120.;.
,, Procopeana
„ Weddelliana
I, , 5,coo Seeds, 200J.
I, M ■• .. 10,000 Seeds, gTSJ'.
COFFEA arabica
„ ,, yellow fruit variety
., ,, variety Maragogipe
COPERNICIA cerifera ..
DESMONCUS, sp Rio ..
DIPLOTHt.MlUM caudescens ..
., maritimum . . ..
ELAEIS guineensLS ..
EUTERPE edulis
GEONOMA gracilis
I, .. ■• ^ ■. 5,000 Seeds, 120^.
„ Schottiana
GLAZIOVA insignis
li „ ■• .. 5,000 Seeds, 200J.
LIVISTONA sinensis
•I II .. .. 5,000 Seeds, 405.
>•!,•. ■■ 10,000 Seeds, 70;.
MASSANGEA tjgnna (Brom.) ,.
OREODOX A oleracea
PANDANUS utilis
i> 0 -. .. s.ooo Seeds, 8ai,
•I II •• .. 10,000 Seeds, 1501.
RAVENALA madaga^c
PHILODENDRON bipinnatif. >
», speciosum . . . , J"
11 n .. ,. 5,000 Seeds, 75*.
)>(»•• .. 10,000 Seeds, laof,
L«»3 thaa 100 Seedt each sort
^ ^' Seeds. Seeds.
Sept.
May
Jan.
Nov,
May
Nov.
irregularly
Sept,
Jan.
irregularly
Nov.
Dec
May
Jan,
May
Nov.
April
Rfay
March
June
Dec.
Aug.
May
irregularly
April
80
25
15
25
130
100
100
50
30
30
50
aro not delivvred.
DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS.
B. S. WILLIAMS
Begs to announce that he has received his Annual Im-
portation of the above.
The Quality of the Bulbs is unusually fine this year.
N.B.— Bults are forwarded by the Parcels Post
Carriage Free.
BULB CATALOGUE has been posted to all Custo-
mers. Copy of same will be fortuarded on application to
any who may not have received one.
VICTORIA and PABADISE NTIKSERIES,
UPPER HOLLO WAY, LONDON, N.
BMALLER begs to make his Annual
• Trade Offer of his very extensive and extra well-grown
stock of : —
ERICAS (Hyemalis, and other varieties), EPACRIS,
GENISTAS, CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS, ADIANI UM
CUNEATUM and other FERNS, GREVILLEAS, VINES
in pots, &<:. An inspection is itivited.
Trade CATALOGUE forwarded on application.
The Annual SALE by AUCTION will be held in
SEPTEMBER.
Burnt Ash Lane Nurseries, Lee, S.E.
SINGLE DAHLIAS,
IN FULL FLOWER.
THOMAS S. WARE has much pleasure in
announcing ihat his very extensive coUeccion of SINGLE
Dahlias, covering many acres, is now beautifully in flower,
and will continue to make a grand show for some weeks to
come, should the weather prove favourable.
A visit of Inspection is respectfully solicited.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAQINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other ourposes. in immense
number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price 6^.) contains much useful information as well as " Hints
on Fein Culture." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
Send Foiir stamps Richly Illustrated
^**^ D U L D 0 1 correctly after
New Catalogue of ' Nature.
Tks Fourpince "mil be returtud in the first pttrehase.
To Florlata.-For Forcing this next Winter.
LILACS (Syringa) Charles X,, Saiigd, and
ALBA ViRGlNALIS,~Nice rouDd plants cuinvated i«
pots, plants from t foot 10 inches to 3 feet 10 inches, with
six, ten, and fifteen branghes, well set with flowers, piicc
£fi. J^S and .£10 per 100, '
STAPHyLEA COLCHICA.— Plants cultivattd in pots, £6
per 100.
PRUNUS SINENSIS FLORE-PLENO. — Cultivated in
pots, jC6 per lOo.
ROSES, Niphetos, Marc'chal Niel, and other Teas, for
Forcing — Cultivated in pots, ;C'i per 100.
ROSES, Special Varieties, for Foicing. — Low-budded, fine
plants, ;£,2o to £■24 per icoo. l
SPIRvlvA PALMATA. — Good clumps,;Cio to X,i2 per 1000/ ^
DEUTZIA GRACILIS.— Good young plants, six to twelve
branches, /jio to j£t2 per 1000,
Direct Orders to
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chateney (Seine), priii Paris,,
France.
CHADBURY EARLY CABBAGE SEEp.|
— This seed has been grown by careful selection for six-
teen years, and planting the j.tems where the produce would
not be likely to be aflfecied ))y Bees. It is liked by the Evesham'
gardeners, who are good judges of what pays them best, and ia^
recommended to Farmers as a safe crop to plant — selling the,
Cabbages if they can grow them early enough and good enough
— feeding them off by sheep if they cannot. Price 7s. per pound
in small quantities ; 5$. 6d. per pound for 20 lb, and upwards
Eor Cash only. Apply to
Mr. RANDELL. Chadbury, near Evesham.
Dutch and Other Bulbs. ]
JOHN DOWNIEJ
(late of the firm of Downie & Laird), '
H4, PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH,
begs to inform his Friends that he has received his First Cotisign-
inent of Bulbs, which are in fine condition, and will be offered
at moderate prices. CATALOGUES forwarded on application..
Palms.
ARECA LUTESCENS,— This year's Seed-
lings. 20r per ico
CEROXYLtJN NIVEUM.— 2-yr. strong plants, j^io to £ii
per 700.
CATALOGUES of PALMS on application.
SEEMANN AND GOEPEL. Wandibck. Harahurah, Germany.
SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER of HARDY PERENNIALS,
SUITABLE tor PRESENT PLANTING,
CONSISTING of most Useful and Effective
Varieties, priociDally strong plants from Ground, gratis
and post-free upon application,
TH03. S. V'ARF, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London,
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
4^. per bushel : loo Tor 7^s ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40J ; 4 bushel baps, dd. each.
LIGHT BROWN FlBktjUS PEAT. s^. 6J. per sack:
5 sacks, 25J ; sacks. 4^. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 55. per sack, 5 sacks 2!i. ; sacks,.
4(/. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND. 11. jrf. per bushel ; ijj. per half
ton, z^^ per ton ; in 2 bushel bags, 4^. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOUI.D. IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. it. 6d. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUS'^M MATS. &c Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Ci al Vard), W.C.
OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. 3'. each, or
15 sacks, i8j. ; 30 sacks, ^i 5^., sacks included- Tiuck-load,
loose. 3if. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to laiL
Po5t-office order or cheque with all 01 ders will oblige. Estab-
ished 1872 -J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound" Yard,
and r32, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best qualiiv for Orchids.
Stove Planf;. &c.. £6 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBKOUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths. American Plant
Beds, 151. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 55 ; 5 Bags,
2is.6d.; 10 Bags, 45^. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
ios 6d. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52*. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWQ RK, Is per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 351. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Siation. Hants.
A SPECIALITY.
BEESON'S ROSE, VINE, and PLANT
MANURE,
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all particulars please apply to
W. H. BEESO^, Carbrook Bone Mills,
SHEFFIELD.
Amortlser.— Amortiser. — Amortlser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS. FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly.
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight, Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
of all INSECT PESTS. Fur Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, end is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watering the Ground which
Instantly Destroys Slugs. Wireworms Caterpillars, ijiubs, &c.
When ordering state which pr«-paration is required. Sample
Caus, 4^ gallons, ^s. 6d., tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Boiough, Loodoo, S.E.
26o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
(Seftember r, 1883:^
EARLY
WEBBS'
FORCING BULBS
WEBB & SONS deliver all Vegetable
Seeds, Flower Seeds, and Bulbs Free by
Post aud RaiL
ROMAN HYACINTHS.
Early White
Finest named
. . 35. per dozen, post-free.
.. 2.2S. i;er 100, Jcttvered free,
dr. to 12J. per dtzeo, post-free.
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS.
Double Roman
Paper White
3^. each, post-free.
2f. per dozen, post-free.
^d. tach, post-free.
2j. per doien, post-free.
EXTRA EARLY SNOWDROPS.
D >uble (separate) ., ..\is, 6d, per loo ; 2rx. per looo.
-m,:le (^e.aratt) . ..J Delivered free.
Extra Large Double or \ 3^. 6d. per 100 ; 30J. per 1:00.
Single (separate) ../ Delivered Tee.
NOW READY.
I I
Webbs' Bulb Cataloguf,
GRATIS and POST-FREE.
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New anti Old English and Foreign
sorts, from i8j. to 36^. per dozen.
These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
N A R C I S S U S.
THOMAS S. WARE begs to announce that
he has prepared a SPECIAL OFFER o( Leading
Varieties of ihe above, which may be bad upon application.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
2x^a. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °f MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 1784.
ADDRESS .—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
NEW SEEDS FOR AUTUMN SOWING.
TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM, WINTER RAPE,
RYE, AGRICULTURAL MUSTARD, WINTER TARES,
ITALIAN RYE-GRA88, PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, (Sc.
Samples and Quotations on application.
THE LAWSON SEED & NURSERY COMPANY
(LIMITED),
106, SOUTHWARK STREET, LONDON, S.E.
NEV/
BROMELIAD.
MASSANCEA TICRINA (Mobren).
This marvellous novelty, of genuine ornamental merit, shows in many respects a first-class
improvement upon any other species or variety of this fine genus. A native of Brazil, of robust and
handsome growth. Leaves large and numerous, in the same way as Massangea tessellata. Colour,
pale green, beautifully marbled, zebra-striped from the base to the top, of the finest ebony colour.
It is of very easy culture, and requires only the same treatment as the old well-known Tillandsia
splendens. A grand specimen has been awarded a First Prize Medal at the Great Horticultural
Exhibition in Ghent.
Mr. J. Vander Swaelmen has much pleasure in offering this beautiful Bromeliaceous plant
for the first time, in young healthy seedlings, with 7 to 10 small leaves, as follows : —
One Plant, 5s. 6d. ; Two Plants, 10s. ; Six Plants, 28s. ; Twelve Plants, 52s.
Packing and Carriage included. Apply to
J. VANDER SWAELMEN,
THE LILY NURSERY, GENDBRUGGE STATION, GHENT, BELGIUM.
N.B. A remittance with Order requested from unknown Correspondents.
DUTCH FLOVvi^ER ROOTS.
Thos. Methven & Sons
Beg to intimate that their importations of the above have arrived
in fine condition.
Priced CATALOGUES forwarded, Post-free, on application.
15, PRINCES STREET, and LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH.
TO INTENDING PLANTERS.
Expiry of Lease. — Clearing Sale.
THE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY CO. (LIMITED),
EDINBUKGH,
Have resolved to clear off the entire stock of SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED
FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREE STOCKS, ORNAMENTAL TREES for immediate effect,
&c., contained in Windlestrawlee Nursery, Granton Road, as they do not intend to renew the lease,
which expires next year ; their other Nurseries, however, will be carried on as usual. All the
stock not previously sold by private bargain, will be exposed by
PUBLIC AUCTION on the lOlh and 11th of OCTOBER NEXT;
meanwhile special offers will be made upon application.
Particulars in future Advertisements, and Catalogue now in preparation.
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.
Price 8d., Post Free 3^d.
W. RICHARDS, 41. WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
September i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
261
^
FORCINGBULBS
PLANT AT ONCE
TO ENSURE WHITE FLOWERS
AT CHRISTMAS.
Carters' Early White Roman H3acinths,
Tbe Best In the Market.
la Fine Bulbs post-free 3.1. o/^.
34 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free ts. t d.
50 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free us. od.
roo Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free 2ii. cd.
Carters' Early Paper White Narcissus.
12 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free is od.
3| Fine Bulbi .. post-frse 41. ew".
50 Fine Bulbs postfree js. od.
100 Fine Bulbs .. post-free I3J 6d.
Carters' Extra Large Snowdrops.
100 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free 35. (hj-
50 Fine Bulbs .. -. .. post-free -zs od.
For fuH particulars, see
CARTERS' Illustrated CATALOGUE
OF BULBS. ROSES, AND PLANTS.
Gratis attd Fost-ftee,
The Queen's Seedsmen, and by Royal Command
10 H R.H. tbe Prince of Wales,
237 and 238, HIQH HOLBOBN,
LONDON, W.C.
NOTICE TO THE TRADE.
MESSRS. GREGORY d EVANS
beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally,
that they have the largest stock of ERICA HYEMALIS,
in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade. Other
varieties in proportion.
Inspection Invited.
LONGLANDS NURSERY, SID CUP,
AND AT LEE, S.E.
1883-ABC BULBGUIDE-1883.
THIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
has been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General MISCELLANEOUS BULBS,
very extensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS (perhaps the finest collection of these ever
offered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS. HELLEBORUS,TRIL-
LIUMS, P.E0N1ES, the leading and most distinct
Tarieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c..
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
a^pted for Autumn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. "WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
BAUMFORTH'S
SEEDLING RASPBERRY.
From the great reputation this New Rasp-
berry has attained for size, quality, and heavy
cropping, I fully anticipate again a very large
demand for Canes.
I recommend Orders to be sent in at once, to
secure a supply.
PRICES :—
Planting Canes I'^s. per loo
Fruiting Canes, extra strong 35.?. per 100
Special Prices to the Trade on application.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON,
SEED MERCHANT and NURSERYMAN,
HULL.
BEAUTIFUL
ELOWEES
AT CHRISTMAS
May be secured by planting
SUTTONS'
FORCINGBULBS
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
OF BULBS
Most suite! for Late Summer
and Early Autumn Potting,
INCLUDING
EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS,
DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, SNOW-
DROPS, CROCUS, JONQUILS,
DUC VAN THOL TULIPS, SCILLAS,
&c., &c., at
42s., 31s. 6d., 21s. and 10s. 6d.
each.
ROMAN HYACINTHS
(FOR FORCING). s. d.
Single Wllte .. pir dozen 3b. «d. ; per loo 26 0
Single Blue . . „ 23. Od. ; „ 14 0
EARLY NARCISSUS
{FOR FORCING). s. J.
Double Roman . . per dozen 2s. 6d. ; per loo 17 6
Paper White . . „ 23. Od. ; „ 14 0
SUTTONS' HYACINTHS
(FOR FORCI.VG).
50 Hyacinths, in 25 named varieties
25 „ =3 „
12 „ 12 „
s. d.
42 0
22 6
12 0
EARLY TULIPS, Singled Double
(FOR FORCING). s. d.
100 Tulips, in 10 v,irieties 15 0
60 ,, lo ,, 8 0
25 „ 5 4 0
12 „ 4 2 0
For full particulars of
SUTTONS' Choice FLOWER ROOTS
SUTTONS'
AUTUMN CATALOGUE,
Gratis and post-free on application.
£Ufir7u/(m
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
and by Special Warrant to
H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES,
BEADING, BERKS.
£.1^;
W^
THE
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER i, 1S83.
THE PHYLLOXERA.*
IN a French entomological periodical cited
by the Vi^ne Ainericaine occurs a succinct
statement by a very eminent authority, M.
Lichtenstein, as to the Phylloxera in France,
from which it may be of interest to extract
some portions. It is generally known that the
disease is occasioned by a small homopterous
insect of American origin, observed first in
1S6S. The genus Phylloxera is one of the best
known, and the seven species of which it con-
sists have the most curious difference in their
respective life histories. Adapting itself to
altered circumstances of climate and food the
Vine louse. Phylloxera vastatrix, which in
America feeds on the native Vines, such as V.
Labrusca, V. aestivalis, V. riparia, and other
species, has here completely altered its habits of
life. Instead of running its career in the space
of a year, partly in the galls of the leaves,
partly below ground on the roots, terminating
the cycle in the fonn of an egg, in which state
it remains during the winter, the Phylloxera in
Europe remains attached to the roots for a long
series of years, perhaps indefinitely, thus bring-
ing about, if unchecked, the complete destruc-
tion of the Vines.
The very fact that the Vine louse is American,
that it lives in America on the Vine, and yet
that the Vine in that country is not destroyed,
led observers to say — If there are Vines in
America, it must be because the Phylloxera
does not kill them as it does the European
Vines. Nevertheless, in spite of this obvious
fact, learned men proscribed the American
Vines, and directed against our microscopic
enemy all the batteries of chemistry, 'ihe
entomologists for the most part merely shrugged
their shoulders at this senseless struggle of man
against the insect. If the destruction of hurtful
insects— even much larger and more easily
attacked than the Vine louse— were possible,
there would have been no such things for years
past as flies, gnats, fleas, &c. All that can be
done in the way of war against such enemies
must be on a small scale and within limited
areas. We may close our doors and windows,
fumigate our houses, sprinkle, insect powder
over our clothes, and use other insecticides ;
when the enemy attacks our crops we rnay sub-
stitute one crop for another ; when the Wheat
is destroyed by midges, &c., we may substitute
forage crops, which the Wheat insects will not
attack and vice versd. The trees of foreign
origin in our gardens and promenades, as, for
instance, the Plane, do not suffer in the same
way as the Poplars, the Elms, or the Ash,
which, being native trees, are attacked by native
insects. This, however, is a statement that
must be accepted with a considerable amount
of reserve, for it is but too true that the intro-
duction of new plants seems to whet the
•■ The Phylloxera was first observed in this couniry by Pro-
fessor Westwood in 1863, but was not de-C"ibed by him till
1869 when it was iieured at p. icg of our volum.- for thai year,
and aeain at p. fS?. The leaf-tails were fieuted at p. 105.
vol. viil , 1877 Incidental notices as to appearance and treat-
ment have lepeatedly been given in our columns andirvihos?
of our contemporaiies. Ep.
262
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[September i, 1883.
curiosity and stimulate the appetite of some
of our garden pests. Slugs, of course,
come to mind first and foremost, but M.
Lichtenstein is specially speaking of insects.
He mentions, however, the Ailantus and the
Horse Chestnut, both foreigners, and which,
according to his theory, should be free, compara-
tively at least, from insect visitations. We
fear, however, that English leopard and English
goat moths are not so complaisant to the
foreigners as they ought to be, nor the chermes
to the Spruce, nor the coccus to the coniferous
trees. If we make the necessary allowances,
however, M. Lichtenstein's statement may pass,
and also his assertion that man successfully
defends himself against insect attacks by his
intelligence and forethought, never by direct
action.
It is evident, he continues, that one can crush
a fly or suffocate a few thousand Vine lice with
bisulphide of carbon, but every one who knows
what the reproductive powers of insects are, well
know that the complete destruction of any in-
sect whatever is as impracticable as the quad-
rature of the circle. The difficulty, then, must
be evaded and the first method to be adopted in
,the case of the Vine is to plant Vines capable of
resisting the Phylloxera. It is obvious that
American Vines resisted the louse and the
structure of the roots affords the explanation of
their immunity. This much ascertained, the
next point was to select the variety of Vine best
adapted to particular soils and climate, there
being great differences in these particulars
in the vineyards of France. The fruit of
the American varieties is far inferior
as to flavour to that of the European
kinds, but by grafting the best European
kinds on American stocks, in the course ot
three years the cultivator may obtain a crop.
In the first year an American cutting is
planted, in the second this is used as a
stock, in the third the scion bears fruit.
Care must be e.xercised in selecting stocks
suitable for particular districts, for the variety
that is fitting in one place is not so in another.
M. Lichtenstein sums up by dissuading
Vine growers from expending money on insecti-
cides, and by counselling them, on the other
hand, to cease from making war directly on the
insect, but to pull up their French Vine stocks
and plant American in their places. Twenty thou-
sand hectares are thus annually reconstituted
in the South of France, and the Vines are
splendid.
We have thought it desirable to quote M.
Lichtenstein's opinions almost in his own
words, but it must be remembered that he is
speaking of the Vine as grown on the large
scale in France. The conditions under which
it is grown under glass here are totally different,
the disease is more under control, and does not
appear to spread from place to place with any-
thing like the rapidity that it does in France.
We are not aware whether the grafting on
American stocks has been practised in this
country or not, and we should hesitate to
recommend it in preference to the more radical
methods now generally adopted, still there may
be cases in which circumstances might render
it advisable to try the plan adopted with such
success in France.
Clerodendron FCETlDtJM. — As far as our
knowledge goes the subject of this note and the
Japanese C. trichotomum are the only two members
of a large and handsome genus which are hardy in
this country. C. foetidum is a native of North China,
where it was first discovered by the veteran traveller
and botanist, Bunge ; to Robert Fortune, how-
ever, is due the credit of its introduction. It has
large compound corymbs of deep, bright lilac flowers,
with dark purple anthers. In the collection of the
late G. C. Joad, Esq., at Wimbledon, we saw plants
growing fieely in the open border, and sending up
numerous suckers at some distance from the parent
stem, and in our columns, more than twenty years
ago, an account is given of plants that had flourished,
without protection, for half a dozen years in the open
air in the Canterbury nursery of the late Mr.
Masters. Now that a love for hardy plants has
been so largely developed C. foetidum will probably
be more commonly grown. It is now in flower at
Kew, as well as C. trichotomum, an equally desirable
and certainly perfectly hardy shrub.
SARCANTHUS BELOPHORUS, n. jr/.»
A SMALL-FLOWERED panicled Sarcanthus, with
rather nice ligulate undulate leaves, equally rounded
bilobed at their apex (4 — 6 inches by I^). The flowers
are smaller than those of the well-known Sarcanthus
rostratus. Pedicels greenish, mauve at the hase.
Sepals and petals blunt ligulate, upper sepal apicu-
late, all ochre-coloured, with two purple-brown longi-
tudinal stripes. The side lacinise of the lip are low,
rhomboid, with an inflexed apiculus at the exterior
end, light orange, central lacinia sagittate, light ochre-
coloured, with two purple-brown longitudinal bars.
There is also a purple-brown line under each side
lacinia, which is expanded outside like a bladder. The
spur is depresso-cylindrical, equal to the stalked
ovary, bent, abruptly narrower at the end, having
a nearly complete septum. The callus under the
column may be compared to a hammer, having the
shanks of the transverse part bent downwards. It is
a botanical introduction of Mr. Frederic Sander, li.
G. Rchb.f.
PHALiESoPSIS Valentini, k. sp. (hyb. na/. ?).f
A very great surprise, of Malayan origin. I had it
from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. Its flowers are
larger than those of Phalsenopsis cornu-cervi, and
smaller than those of P. violacea. The peduncle is
said to be terete, and like that of the last-named
species. The sepals and petals are purple ; petals
and lateral sepals white at the base inside with some
purple bands. Lip much in the way of that of P.
violacea, with a spreading angle at the upper corner
of the side lacinia, hut with a pandurate exterior
lacinia, three-lobed at the top, bearing a thick umbo
in the middle. There is a three-toothed lamella at
the base of the median lacinia, in front of a two-
toothed one, leaning on the sword- like blunt ap-
pendix. Top of lip mauve and sword-like, appendix
half mauve longitudinally, and half white. The
remainder of the lip is yellow, part of the side lacinia
white, with some purple spots on the upper border
and corner. Column yellow with red stripes at the
top, purple beneath. Messrs. H. Low & Co. write
that the leaves are light green, narrower than those
of violacea, without the wavy crispness generally seen
with that species. Mr. Day writes me about the
novelty ; it looks like a cross between cornu-cervi and
violacea, and is very pretty. The name is given in
honour of its lucky discoverer, Mr. S. H. Valentine.
ff. G. Rchb.f.
Vanda Roxburghii (A'. Br.) var. Wrightiana,
«. var,
A variety of the purple-lipped var. purpurea, having
exceedingly short lips, and the side lacini^e with a
few more or less developed anterior teeth. Those
who like to compate the actual state of Orchid grow-
ing with the first efforts in this direction may com-
pare the old representations in our standard books.
Both Curtis' Botanical Ma^azine^ 1821, tab. 2245,
and Edwards' Botanical Register, 1820, tab. 306,
show long lax inflorescences with lax flowers where
we now only see short, strong racemes with ascending
strong flowers. I have dedicated this novel variety to
my excellent correspondent, Mr. Edwin Wright,
Gravelly Hill, Birmingham. It was grown by Mr.
James Hodges. H. G. Rchb. f.
Cypripedium tonsum, k. sp.%
A new Sondaic Cypripedium near Cypripedium
javanicum, discovered by Mr. Curtis, and now flower-
• Sarcanthus hetophorus, n. sp — Foliis canjoso cortaceis
ligulatis apice aiqualiter obtuse bilobis ; panicula laxiflora ;
sepalis obloriRis oDtu-iusculis ; tepalis anguatijnbus ; labeUi
lacmiis lateraiibus humilibus rhomt,eis apiculo bubulato ancLco
iDtlcXO, lacinia mcoiana sagutata, umbooe maUeifonni sub fovea,
calcari cylindrato depresso obiuso, supia basiu bubico conslricto,
septo subc <inpleto ; authera anlice iigulata emarginata. H. G.
Rchb. f.
t Pltala>wps>s I^a.'tf«//«i, n, sp. (hyb. nat, ?). — Foliis quam in
Phaleeuupaidc VLolacea anguslioiibus; pedunculo lercti ; sepalis
tepalisqu^ cuneato - obtoiigis obiuse acutis ; labellt breve
unguiculati partuionibus Jaierallbus relusis angulo imeriori
asgulatis, medio aQtenus umbonatis ; paniciODe mediana pan-
durata apice obtuse subtriloba cum umbone mediauo ; ligula
tridentati ia basi laciois medianae aoteposita ligula longiori
bidentata supra cariuam eTisiformem obtusam ; columna basi
uttinque angulata. H. G. Rchb. f.
X Cypripedium tonsutn, n. sp. — Acaulia coriifolia tessellata.
Aff. Cypripedio javanico, Reiaw. : foliis angustis Ht^latis acutis
ing in the Royal Exotic Nursery of Messrs. Veitch &
Sons. The leaves are strap-shaped, rather narrow,
marked as in the green-leaved Cypripedium Day-
anum. The peduncle is long, reddish-brown, with
very short hairs. The bract is much shorter than
the short-haired ovary. The odd sepal is wide,
elliptical acute, whitish, with twenty-one strong
green nerves, a small sepia blotch on each border
inside, and a green area of disc outside. The lateral
sepals form a narrow, acute, short body, hall as long
as the large lip. The petals are rather conspicuous,
oblong-ligulate acute, nearly free from any cilia (!),
green in the middle of the disc, washed with sepia,
elsewhere with some small very dark blotches
at the border against the upper sepal, some large
ones in the central line, and a few others ia the
neighbourhood. Lip greenish, with a sepia wash
on the anterior superior surface of the sac, the horns
of which are conspicuous. The stalk of the lip has a
few green warts. The staminode is that of Cypri-
pedium javanicum, Reinw. H. G. Rchb.f.
AGRICULTURE AND HORTI-
CULTURE IN JERSEY.
Those of our readers who are unacquainted with
the spot, can hardly imagine a more picturesque one
than the grounds of Victoria College, where the
Jersey Royal Agri-Horticultural Society celebrated
its Jubilee Exhibition last week. From the plateau
of a hill to the east of St. Helier, upon which the col-
lege buildings stand, and from the slopes and wooded
avenues around, the spectator obtains a charming
view of a long stretch of land and sea ; to the right,
the lovely bay of St. Aubin with its bold headlands
and cliffs ; to the left the golden sands, the rocks and
reefs and towers of St, Clement ; in front, the tall
rugged grassy promontory, upon which are erected
the military works of Fort Regent, and in the hollow
below the capital of the island itself, with time-
worn Elizabeth Castle guarding the entrance to its
roadstead and harbour. And if the said spectator
will mind-picture this charming tit-bit of panorama,
win fill up every suitable piece of ground around the
college with tents, with a gaily decorated platform,
and with the usual accessories of a fruit and flower
and cattle show, will plant here, there, every-
where, gay flags and bannerols, will crowd upon
pathways and gravelled walks, in dells and on rises,
a mass, a dense mass, of ladies and gentlemen, not
unmindful of a good sprinkling of the military
element ; and last, though not least, will add that
most highly-prized desideratum of an outdoor fete, a
glorious sunshiny summer day, he will fully realise
the scene as it presented itself in the forenoon of
Tuesday the 21st ult., when after some necessary
preamble, and the reading of a loyal address to the
Queen by the President of the Society, His Excel-
lency the Lieutenant-Governor, in a well set speech,
declared the fiftieth anniversary of the Jersey Royal
Agri-Horticultural Society an accomplished fact, and
its Jubilee Exhibition open to the public.
Taking "a line of procedure" most adapted to the
objects of this journal, but which was not the follow-
my-leader one either of experts or mere visitors who
at once rushed away to the cattle sheds, your corre-
spondent entered a large and lofty tent pitched upon
the sward in front of the college, and where the coup-
(Tail was one certainly of exquisite artistic taste, for
without in the least sacrificing the interests of indi-
vidual exhibitors or interfering with recognised rules
of classification, every flowering and foliage plant
seemed to have been placed exactly in the very spot
where it would harmonise with its surroundings, and
best show off its colouring or peculiarities. That as
fine or even finer blooms, and as rich or richer foliage
might not often have been seen at flower shows else-
where by habiluh we readily admit ; but in respect
to tasty and felicitous organisation we can honestly
say No ; and can congratulate the committees of this
department of the exhibition upon their most success-
ful results.
Entering somewhat into detail here we may remark,
however, that the Pelargoniums would have been
minutissime bidentatis tessellatis more CvP'ipedio Dayani ;
pedunculo elongato minutissime ac brevissine piloso ; bractea
ovarium pediceilatum dimidium non attingente ; sepalo imparl
elliptico acuto, sepalis paribus liguiatis acutis angustis labello
dupio brevioribus ; tepalis ligulatis acutis prope omuino ecili-
atis ; labelli ungue marginibus involutis ampUs parce verrucosis,
coraubas sacci angulatis magnis : staminodio Cypnpedii ja-
vanici Reinw. Ex ins, Sondaicis introd. eel. Veitch. H. G.
Rchb.f.
September
1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
263
cbnsidered magnificent in any flower display, and
more particularly one specimen of Pelargonium
Guillion Mangilli, greatly and deservedly admired.
Of Fuchsias there was a glorious exhibit, among
them Dictator, Avalanche, Aurora superba,
Enchantress, Coronala, Gipsy Queen, Warrior Queen,
Miss Lucy Finnis, and one plant of Basilisk had
arrived at such perfection of growth that it measured
upwards of 7 feet in height, was proportionately
.t)road, and was literally a mass of well-shaped, well-
Bet, and brilliant florets. Next to these — not of course
in botanical order, but in beauty — were many varieties
of Coleus ; those noteworthy being George Peabody,
Firefly, and Cannell's Beauty, the frimus mile
ornties, frimus inUr omncs being a single plant of
Jubilee, exhibited by the Viscomte of the island — the
High Sheriff to wit.
Pelargoniums came out well, especially a hybrid
one, 6 feet high by 4 feet in diameter, and thus
labelled, "Hybrid Pelargonium — a first step towards
a new class, combining lar^e flowers and sweet-
scented fine foliage. Raised by Jonathan Swift, of
Jersey." Many fine specimens of this class were
shown, but which space prevents us from particu-
larising. So also Cockcombs, which were well to the
fore, and Achimenes, though late in the season for
these flowers.
With Asters we were, on the whole, disappointed,
and so, too, with Balsams. In our own poor hap-
hazard rule-of-thumb way we have grown much,
much finer in our Indian habitat. The Ferns
wisre simply magnificent, and one group of twelve
British, which obtained a Silver Cup, richly de-
served that honour. As said before, space in this
journal is so valuable, and matter in our hands
is so superabundant, that we fear that we must run
very rapidly indeed over this interesting section of
the exhibition, and thus, if we omit, or "come
tardy off"" many a rich and remarkable instance of
floriculture, our friends must pardon the omission
and the neglect. But we feel bound to call attention
to tuberous Begonias, to a noble, well-grown Anthu-
rium crystallinum, with leaves at least 2 feet long ; to
some excellent Caladiums (the Fairy Queen notably) ;
to Cacti and Orchids, to a fine specimen of Maranta
zebrina, and to one also of Trichomanes radicans, an
exquisite growth of its class.
In the tent set apart for cut flowers we have to
preface our brief observations by saying that, con-
sidering the lateness of the season, and which in
Jersey is always well in advance of England, the
exhibits were wonderfully good — those of Roses,
indeed, unparalleled. The Dahlias shown were large,
well-grown, numerous, and of all descriptions and
colours ; the trusses of Pelargoniums, single and
double, exceedingly fine ; Carnations and Picotees,
though good, not up to a high standard. Marigolds
and Zinnias beating them. Lastly, the disciples of
Mr. Oscar Wilde would have gone into aesthetic
rhapsodies over their own particular bloom, the Sun-
flower. They blazed in all shades of yellow, and
showed in the largest of sizes — one measuring more
than 14 inches across.
The ladies of the island seem to have an admirable
knack of putting together their table and hand bou-
quets. Several of these were set out upon a central
table in this tent, displaying very much taste, art, and
a skilled eye for colour, and that young lady who
could so very beautifully arrange the commonest
of hedge and field wild flowers into the charming
bouquet she exhibited well earned the gold brooch
she won.
The show of fruit grown under glass without arti-
ficial heat, and in the open air, again taking into con-
sideration the season, was excellent. It consisted of
Grapes, Peaches, Figs, Plums, Cherries, Apples,
Pears, Melons, Currants, Gooseberries, and so on.
Those we consider most worthy of a word of praise
are some bunches of Black Hamburgh and Gros Col-
mar, some Muscats of Alexandria and Canon Hall
Muscat Grapes, some Beurre d'Amanlis, Madame
Treyve, and Jargonelle Pears, and a small plate of
Strawberries, the Victoria Trollope, of good appear-
ance and, no doubt, flavour.
The vegetables were decidedly A I. They con-
consisted of the usual sorts of the time of year, and
were generally of large size ; one variety of Potato,
named the Royal Jersey Fluke, being literally of
enormous dimensions. Of roots those exhibited by
Mr. Neilson Tucker, of Mark Lane, island grown, of
course were of such Brobdingnagian dimensions and of
so great beauty as probably not to be seen in England
at the present moment, long red Mangels and
Swedes the chief of them.
From the horticultural departments we now passed
into that which to the scientists and experts who had
been attracted from England and France, America,
and California to Jersey, was its load-star, the exhibit
of the island cattle. It would be foreign to the
Gardeners^ Chroniik to dwell upon these, points of
beauty, colour, piir snvi;, untainted lineage of the
stock notwithstanding, so merely saying that hundreds
of the very best bulls, cows, and heifers, which the
island is so prolific in, were housed in sheds around a
large field — the cricket ground of the Victoria Collegians
— we shall dismiss this portion of our paper with the
words of an English expert and visitor: — "I have
been," said he, "to all the cattle shows in England —
north, south, east, west — and never have I seen before
so many animals upon which the most severe of critics
could be able to find so few faults. Simply, one and
all are perfectly beautiful."
Two whole days of this well-named jubilee /<Vi' were
pleasantly employed by the Society, its visitors and
friends, in excursions, eti massd, to those farms and
gardens, east and west of the island, best represent-
ing the systems of cartle-breeding, land cultivation,
fruit growing, floriculture, and butter and cider-
making. Alas ! we have no room to say even a brief
something of the whereabouts, the extent, the pro-
ceedings, the success of these gentlemen — farmers and
gardeners — each in his own groove, or in many
grooves put together. But we must observe that
everywhere everything was openly shown, without
reserve or secret, and that everywhere great hospi-
tality was lavishly bestowed. Nor, still more unhap-
pily, can we tell the wives and daughters of the
perusers of the Gardeners' CItroniele of an admirable
amateur concert given in the noble hall of ^'ictoria
College, of a ball in the Odd Fellows' new hall in the
town, of the performance of lolanthe at the theatre,
of another concert at the Casino, and of half-a-dozen
other attractions jammed — we use the word advisedly
— into these five or six days of gaiety. All we dare
to add, for the Editor is heard crying, " Hold,
enough ! " is that from the open sesame to the closing
of the exhibition, everything has been most perfectly
organised. All — all has gone off without hitch or
contretemps^ and under the most favourable circum-
stances of King Sol's genial influence and rays.
H. L. C.
COMPOSTS.
There are few things in gardening that are more
important than composts, for without soils of various
descriptions it is impossible to do anything in the
way of growing the different kinds of pot plants, as
most of them require separate mixtures, some revelling
in pure peat, and others in loam, while the greater
bulk delight in a mixture of the two, or loam and
leaf-mould combined. These three form the staple
of most mixtures, and yet they are not complete in
themselves, as sand is needed in more or less bulk
to keep them open and porous. Old florists and cul-
tivators thought much of cow-dung, which is still in
great favour, and deservedly so, as it is one of the
mildest, safest, and best manures any one can use in
a compost where a stimulant is required, for being
composed of nearly all vegetable matter, it is very
agreeable to the roots of most plants, which search it
out in any soil containing it, and feed on it with the
greatest avidity.
For them to do this, however, it must be thoroughly
decomposed, and the longer it has been lying by to
make and get mellow the better, that is, provided it
has been kept dry and turned, as when exposed to
rain in the open it must of necessity become washed,
and lose much of its goodness and virtue. This
being so, the way to manage with it is to collect it
during a dry time when it can be gathered up in cakes
from the pastures and immediately carried to some
open shed or other place to be stored and "made,"
the making being brought about by the chopping up,
turning, and pulverising, to which it should be sub-
jected before being used. Soot is an excellent ingre-
dient to put with it, but being of a hot nature it is
not advisable to add much, a peck or so to a barrow-
load of cow manure being quite enough for most
things. Sheep or deer droppings are almost equally
valuable to cow-dung, and are by many preferred,
the only thing against them being that they are more
difficult to collect, but where they can be obtained
a good store should be made, as they are sure to come
in and be of great service. Cocoa-nut fibre was at one
time in esteem, but I would warn all against it,
except as a plunging material or for mulching the
surface of beds, as it is one of the most dangerous
things that can possibly be used to mix with soils, for
sooner or later it is sure to generate fungus, which
parasites themselves fasten to the ro{jts of any plants
that happen to be near, and soon paralyse their aci ion
by the poisoning effect they have on them, and finish
up by causing the death of the plants.
Leaf-mould, in which there is no rotten wood or
sticks, is the most valuable vegetable matter, and
may generally be employed wilh much benefit in
mixing wilh loam, its presence being specially desir-
able in soil used for the polling of Cinerarias,
Primulas, Pelargoniums, Gloxinias, and Achimenes,
the latter of which do well in it if used nearly pure.
The best leaf-soil is that which has been saved from
leaves of the Oak, and not much fermented, as fer-
mentation, when carried to any great degree, often
causes sourness, which is inimical to the welfare of
plants. The way to get good leaf-mould is to turn
the heaps frequently, which, by exposing the inner
parts to the air, prevents souring, and hastens decom-
position, as the fibre is soon broken down, when
there is little fear of fungus, which the moving in a
great measure prevents.
Peat is a good substitute for leaf-soil, and answers
most purposes equally well, while for others it is
absolutely indispensable, as Orchid growers must have
it for those wonderfully beautiful epiphytes, that no
one can fail to admire. The difficully is to obtain
such as is worth having, as the increase of population
and consequent breaking up of heaths and other
places for cultivation or building, and the demand
there has been for peat for so many'years have made it
scarce, especially that which is tough and full of fibre,
which is the only kind of any use for Orchids and
hard-wooded plants, as it is not the earthy portion that
IS needed, muchof which should indeed be knocked out
before the process of potting begins. The finest peat
is generally found on high moorlands where there is
plenty of Bracken and Heather, and in selecting it
choice should be made of the brown tough turves,
which ought to be cut thin and stacked so that they
can be kept dry, when, after a year or so, all grasses
and roots will be dead, and the peat fit for use.
What many call peat is nothing but bog, which soon
goes close through having no fibre, and is then little
better than mud, and quite as retentive of water.
Loam, as understood in gardens, is the top spit or
turf from pastures, and the more organic matter it
contains by way of grass roots and fibres, the better
it is for plant growing, as most subjects find in the
gradually decomposing material just the food they
require. The most preferable kind of loam is that of
a yellow colour, rather inclined to be stiff, which
answers admirably for Camellias used in its fresh
state, but for most other plants it is improved by
stacking and keeping for a few months, during which
time it becomes mellow if carted when in a proper
condition, and this it generally is in the autumn,
before heavy rains set in and make it too wet.
During winter I like to have all soils intended for
early potting under cover, where they can be chopped
or broken up and mixed ready, as then they are in
good order for handling, and the work can go on
itwhout any delay, jf. S,
Insect Visits to Flowers. — The different
classes of insects show very great difference in this
respect. Butterflies show but little constancy, except
in a few instances ; but they would appear to be
guided to a certain extent by a preference for par-
ticular colours. The Diptera exhibit greater con-
stancy, though by no means absolute. A much
greater degree of constancy is manifested by the
Apidas, and this becomes all but absolute in the
hive-bee. It is an interesting circumstance that this
constancy appears to increase in proportion to the
part performed by the insects in carrying pollen from
flower to flower. A much larger number of observa-
tions is, however, needed in order to determine with
certainty any general law ; and especially a careful
microscopic examination of the pollen attached to the
probosces, mandibles, legs, and underside of the
abdomen and thorax. As regards preference (or par-
ticular colours, the Lepidoplera paid, while under
observation, 70 visits to red or pink flowers, 5 to
blue, 15 to yellow, 5 to white ; the Diplera, 9 to red
or pink, S to yellow, 20 to while ; the Hymenoptera,
203 to red or pink, 126 to blue, 11 to yellow, 17 to
while. Alfred Bennett, in " yoitrnal of the Linnean
Society " p. 184.
264
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..
[September i, 1883.
ECKFORD'S NEW SWEET PEAS.
The raiser of these was undoubtedly placed at a
great disadvantage when he exhibited cut specimens
in a somewhat gloomy tent on the occasion of a recent
meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. The
flowers had travelled nearly 200 miles, and had
suffered in consequence. But though the Floral Com-
mittee may have failed to recognise (under these some-
what disadvantageous circumstances) any distinctness
and enlarged beauty in Mr. Eckford's productions
there is no doubt that these qualities exist in them,
and when personally inspected a fortnight ago at
Boreatton Park, under good cultivation and in com-
parison with a group of varieties already in cultivation,
we were struck with the distinctness of character and
fine development of not a few of them.
It is but a few years since that Mr. Eckford
took in hand the Sweet Pea, while gardener to
that much respected florist. Dr. Sankey, at Sandy-
well Park, Cheltenham. On Dr. Sankey removing
to Boreatton Park, Baschurch, Mr. Eckford accom-
panied him, and continued there the work so well
begun at Cheltenham, and in which Dr. Sankey takes
a lively interest.
It may be stated that Mr. Eckford first began
operations with such well known varieties of Sweet
Peas as Invincible Scarlet, Violet Queen, Captain
Clarke's Princess of Russia, Butterfly, The Purple,
and one or two others. The flowers of these were
all carefully fertilised (a work of some delicacy,
requiring great care), crossing the varieties in various
ways.
On carefully going through the new forms it was
thought the following were quite distinct enough to
merit being named or bearing the names already
given to them :— Fascination, quite a new type, with
a deep salmon-pink or pale rosy-lilac standard, and
pale blue wings deepening in colour as the flowers
age ; very pretty and distinct, large, and fine. Vic-
toria, pale rose standard dashed with pink, white
wings, with a Picotee edge of blue and the wings
slightly suffused with the same ; distinct and very
pretty. Bronze Prince, rich shining bronzy maroon
standard, large, stout, and well formed, deep purple
wings of a bright hue ; very fine and striking.
Princess, white standard, flushed at the back with
pale blue, the front delicate blue, while wings, with
wire edge of bright blue ; this is of the Butterfly type,
and like that is somewhat crumpled on the petals, but
it is very pretty and distinct. Leviathan, having a
very large, broad, stout standard, bright scarlet on the
centre flushed with white at the side?, the wings flake
wiih pale purple and rose ; a very fine scarlet striped
form, large, massive in all its parts, and very
striking. Lottie Eckford, in the way of Princess,
but with the standard suffused with purple, and
having a wire edge of blue to the white wings : this is
very pretty indeed, but must be carefully selected in
order to keep it distinct from Princess ; when fixed it
will make a charming, delicate variety. Blue King,
a very distinct and fine Sweet Pea, which report
states very nearly gained a First-class Certificate of
Merit when shown by Mr. Eckford in London a short
time ago ; it has a bright blue standard suffused with
purple, quite blue at the back ; the wings clear pale
blue ; very distinct and fine. Indigo King, the stout,
well-formed standard maroon-purple suffused with
blue ; clear indigo-blue wings ; very fine and distinct,
smooth, and of good form. Salmon Queen, the
standard bright salmon-carmine ; very pleasing and
very charming in colour, the pale wings slightly
flushed with pink ; very pretty, distinct, and fine.
Duchess of Albany, delicate pink standard with a
slight flush of carmine ; delicate blush wings ; very
pretty and attractive. Grandeur, bright pale scarlet
standard, which is stout, smooth, and striking ; bright
rosy-purple wings; very correct and fine in all its
parts ; a truly rich-coloured variety. Lavender Gem,
bright rose standard slightly suffused with purple,
pale lavender wings ; very pleasing, pretty, and dis-
tinct. This is a yearling variety, and was obtained
from Grandeur crossed with a seedling blue. Queen
of Roses, also a yearling, pale bright rose standard,
erect, stout, and smooth ; clear, delicate, rosy-purple
wings ; very fine in all its parts, smooth and massive.
This came from Grandeur and Bronze Prince. Em-
press of India is a yearling also, having a bright
pinkish-rose standard, broad and stout, the wings
white, very delicately flaked with blush ; this also is
very pretty and distinct. Blue Beauty, also a year-
ling ; the standard plum-purple on a broad and
smooth standard ; clear blue wings ; very pretty and
pleasing, standard and wings forming an admirable
contrast.
Among the yearling flowers were a few more of a
distinct character, but needing another season's trial.
Among them was a novel blue-striped variety obtained
from Blue King, and a white variety ; this opens
purple and white, but changes to blue with age, and
the blue becomes richer as the flowers grow older ;
indeed, there appears to be an almost infinite variety
of dispositions of colour in this new break of Mr. Eck-
ford's, and the difficulty presently will be what to
select and what to reject.
Fertilisation is done when the flowers are quite
young, and .before they can be interfered with by
insects. Some varieties appear to be more readily
crossed than others, and, as in the case of garden
Peas, so with these fragrant varieties, one pod will
produce three or four varieties ; and fertilised flowers
do not produce so many seeds in a pod as those un-
touched by human agency, and it is not uncommon
for the progeny to be altogether distinct in character
from the parents.
And, as in the case of garden Peas, the seeds of
these Sweet Peas are sown far apart; the result is, that
a single plant will branch out in a remarkable
manner, and form quite a bush. A single plant pro-
duced the astounding number of 2500 seeds. If
gardeners were to sow their S*eet Peas a little more
thinly and in good soil, they would be surprised at
the results. Thin sowing in good soil is the way to
produce fine flowers, and plenty of them. R. D.
" In the spring of 1878 I marked the place of growth
of a number of these plants, as I had promised roots of
them to xMr. Elwes, of England, and friends in the East,
who wished to try to grow them. I dug some of these
plants in November, after the rains had commerced, and
discovered that the root-mass and the little plantlet had
greatly increased in size. I dug some of the staked
plants early in March, and found them still progressing
in growth, and others ihat were not dug up came up and
bloomed by the stakes. My conclusions are that Sar-
codes is an herbaceous perennial, continuing through
many years, and, by the little plantlet always being found
below the older one, that it descends a little deeper into
the earth each season, and this accounts for the great
depth to which some of the underground stems penetrate.
As to the germination and infant life of Sarcodes I know
nothing, but I am satisfied that the plants receive their
nourishment from the earth after they attain any consi-
derable size."
THE SNOW PLANT.
This is a highly curious plant, inhabiting the
coniferous forests of western North America at eleva-
tions of 4000 to 9000 feet. It is especially abundant
under the Mammoth (VVellingtonia) and Redwood
trees (Taxodium sempervirens), as well as under
some of the Firs ; and it has been supposed by
some writers that it is parasitic on the roots of these
Conifers ; but there is considerable difference of
opinion on this point. Sarcodes sanguinea is its
botanical name, the generic name having allusion to
its fleshy nature, and the specific name indicates the
brilliant red colour of the whole plant. Why it bears
the popular name of Snow Plant is not obvious, but
we learn from the Botany of California that it
•'shoots forth and flowers as soon as the snow melts
away," so we are content to believe that this is the
reason. The Snow Plant is closely allied to our
native Monotropa Hypopitys. than which it is much
stouter and taller, growing from 9 to 18 inches high.
In the Marianne North Gallery, at Kew, there is a
striking painting of it in its home under Sequoia
gigantea.
Respeciing the life of the Snow Plant Mr. Thomas
Meehan states, as the result of many examinations,
that it is an annual, germinating on small Fir roots,
and subsequently obtaining subsistence. In reply to
this, Mrs. R. M. Austin contributes to Coulter's
Botanical Gazette the following particulars : —
'* I very much doubt the correctness of this statement,
and, as truth should be the object of all investigation, I
give the result of some of my observations, made during
a residence of seventeen years in the home of the Sar-
codes, and invite farther inquiry from those who are
interested.
" My attention was first called to the peculiar growth
of Sarcodes sanguinea as early as 1865 by a plant brought
me by my brother, who was working in a hydraulic mine
at the time (he had piped it out). The underground
stem measured 3 feet, and a part was broken off. It is
a common saying among the miners that the roots of the
Snow Plant have no end. During the years 1875 and
1876 my attention was more particularly given to the
growth of Sarcodes to ascertain if it was really a parasitic
plant, and from what roots it drew its nouiishment. The
underground stem is covered with thick fleshy leaves {or
scales), and in the axil of each leaf is an undeveloped
flower-bud. The stem in the smaller plants extends
down only a few inches, while in larger ones it reaches a
depth of 3 feet or more. The root consists of a coraline
mass, which contains from one to more than 100 cubic
inches, according to the age of the plant. I have dug
dozens of these plants, and at all seasons of the year,
and always found the coraline mass greatest about the
lime the stems began to appear above ground in early
spring. It is gradually absorbed in growing, leaving a
honeycombed appearance in the soil. When the growth
for the season is completed there only remains about
r cubic inch of the mass, and just below, and a little to
one side ol the old underground stem, and attached to
the mass of root, is a little Snow Plant.
CEREUS GIGANTEUS.
Our illustration of this stately Cactus (fig. 39) was
taken from a photograph executed in the desert regions
of Arizona by Mr. Herbert Green, and kindly placed
at our disposal by Mr, Worthington Smith. The
figure, as it were, speaks for itself, but we may add
from the Treasury of Botany the following descriptive
note :^** While young the stems are of a globular
form, gradually becoming club-shaped, and ultimately
almost cylindrical, and from 50 to 60 feet in height,
with a diameter of about 2 feet at middle height,
gradually tapering both upwards and downwards to
about I foot. They are most frequently unbranched,
but some of the older ones have branches which issue
at right angles from the stem, and then curve upwards
and grow parallel with it. The stems are regularly
ribbed or fiuted, the ribs varying in number from
twelve to twenty, and have at intervals of about I inch
thick yellow cushions bearing five or six large and
many smaller spines. The flowers are produced near
the summit of the stems and branches, and are about
4 to 5 inches long by 3 or 4 inches in diameter,
having light cream-coloured petals. The fruits are
about 2 or 3 inches long, of a green colour and oval
form, having a broad scar at the top caused by the
flowers falling away ; when ripe they burst into three
or four pieces, which curve back so as to resemble a
flower. Inside they contain numerous little black
seeds embedded in a crimson- coloured pulp, which
the Pimos and Papagos Indians make into an excel-
lent preserve ; and they also eat the ripe fruit as an
article of food, gathering it by means of a forked
stick tied to the end of a long pole." The plant is in
cultivation at Kew and elsewhere, but we do not
remember to have heard of its producing flowers.
THE CEDARS, HARROW
WEALD.
Four miles north of the famous hill on which
stands the "visible Church," but hidden by the trees
of the " Grove," lies the range of high ground
comprising Stanmore and Harrow Weald, with their
picturesque and breezy commons. Stanmore Priory,
as your readers are no doubt aware, was once the
residence of Queen Adelaide, and since successively
of .the Marquis of Abercorn and Sir John Kelk. The
land here is considerably higher than Harrow, the
base of an obelisk in the Priory grounds being level
with the vane of Harrow church. Within a mile of
the aforesaid obelisk there are several noted gardens.
Perhaps a short account of one or two or these may
be acceptable to your readers.
The Cedars is the residence ofThos. Blackwell,
Esq., head of the world-renowned firm of Crosse &
Blackwell. The house, a noble stone built edifice of
the Tudor order, stands at a convenient distance from
the high road between Stanmore and Pinner, and is
approached by a picturesque and well kept shady drive
encircling an extensive lawn. Among the choice
Conifers dotted about is a fine young Wellinglonia
planted only seven years ago, its average yearly
growth since has been exactly i3 inches ; this is only
noteworthy when remembering that the subsoil here is
a clay, too dense even for bricks. The tree wa
carefully planted in a well prepared bed of turfy
loam.
There are two or three grand old Cedars, which
unlike the more venerable specimens at Lord Wol-
verton's, of Stanmore, have not been bereft of their
leaders, in memory, as is said, of the unfortunate
September i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
265
Monmouth. No such trees as these can be purchased
at nurseries — the mountain must go to Mahomet — the
bouse to the Cedar. A noble Tulip tree, over 50 feet
high, and 5 feet in girth of bole, also decorates the
north lawn. On the south front there is a tastefully
do exceptionally well on this little wall. The border
comprised a richly varied collection of herbaceous
flowers and annuals — something to look at and admire,
no doubt, all the year round. One of the most
pleasing and richly-coloured occupants ol the bed was
or stiff evergreen fences, which is quite refreshing.
Iron hurdles separate the lawns and borders from the
green meadows and woodlands beyond.
The wooded hill and spire of Harrow are a pleasing
feature in the distant landscape. On the west of the
Fig. 39.— cereus giganteus in Arizona, from a photograph, (see p. 264 )
arranged parterre with some very effective carpet bed-
ding. The materials for the latter were of the usual
kind, with the addition of some elegant panels of the
lively little Arabis lucida, edged with Echeveria
secunda glauca. There is a pretty mixed border
under a low boundary wall facing west j Tea Roses
the much-improved Salpiglossis. A pretty glimpse
of this border may be had through the Ivy-covered
stone archway leading to the south front. There is a
certain elegant yet homely attractiveness about these
gardens, from the richness and variety of old-lashioned
flowers and shrubs, and the absence of boundary walls
house, and adjoining the drawing-room, is a lofty and
elegant conservatory, with handsome stone fafade,
over which the pretty little Ampelopsis Veitchii is
allowed to climb. The centre of the conservatory is
occupied by a group, consisting of a grand Seaforthia
elegans, a Cyalhea, and two Di;ksonia^, with
265
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[SrriEMUER I, 18S3.
Crotons, Amaryllis, and other smaller stuff. Among
these, however, were a L^elia anceps, with twenty-
seven spikes ; and a Peristeria or Dove Orchid, with
two strong flowering stems. There were also on the
side stages two remarkably well flowered Cleroden-
drons {Balfourianum), several Dipladeniasand Ixoras.
In a neighbouring house— a tall structure, lighted
only Trom the top, and shaded by lofty Elms on the
north — were some magnificent Crotons, a Cocos
Weddelliana in flower, and Alocasias. These
were some of the more noted specimens that had
occasionally "starred" at shows in the locality.
The occupants of this house seemed to enjoy the shade
and moisture immensely. Ferns, of course, luxuriate
here ; there were fine specimens of the Todea and the
Killarney Fern, quite at home in the dark corners.
The fruit-houses, though disconnected and not very
conveniently arranged, had borne large crops of
Pines, Peaches, and Grapes, and were in excellent
order and scrupulously clean, as, indeed, were the
contents of all the glass structures in the gardens. In
the pinery were fine fruit of the Queen, smooth-leaved
Cayenne, and Charlotte Rothschild. Succession Pines
of the same varieties were remarkably vigorous. The
favourite Peaches were still, both in and out-of-doors,
the old Royal George and Noblesse ; Dr. Hogg and
Early Beatrice were also highly spoken of. Fruits of
the latter grown out-of-doors had been gathered ten
days before my visit. Of a Nectarine under glass.
Lord Napier, great things were expected, from the
astonishing growth it had made in two seasons. It
covered already a wall sgace 10 feet by 8 inches at
the back of the Peach-house. The IMelon mostly in
favour was Hero of Lockinge, a white-fleshed variety
of excellent flavour ; the skin golden-yellow, hand-
somely netted, and a very good cropper. The best
Strawberries for crop, beauty, and flavour were Pre-
sident and Sir C. Napier, James Veitch also was
spoken well of.
In the kitchen garden, where the good old custom of
enlivening the borders of the walks with DahIias,Sweet
Peas, &c., was in vogue, there were excellent crops of
vegetables, especially ol Veitch's Autumn Giant and
Walcheren Cauliflower and Celery, the latter having
withstood a severe attack of the fly by constant and
copious supplies of water and liquid-manure.
After thanking Mr. Dinsmore, the courteous head
gardener — whose well won trophies, in the way of
silver cups and vases and clocks, would fill a wheel-
barrow— I left with a store of pleasant reminiscences
of The Cedars and its interesting and thriving gardens.
T. W., Harrow, Aug. 28.
THE SPECIES OF TULIPA.— X.
{Concluded frfffti P> 234,)
Sub-genus 2. Orithyia. — Ovary narrowed gradually
into a distinct style, which is tipped with three
small stigmas.
The species of this sub'genus are all dwarf small-
flowered fragile plants, of little horticultural interest,
natives of Siberia, China, and Japan. They may be
arranged in three groups, according to leafage.
Group I.— Leaves two, sub-opposite, placed about
the middle of the stem.
59. T. nniflora. Baker ; Ornithogalum uniflorum,
Linn.; Orithyia uniflora, D. Don, in Sweet, Flow,
Gard.^ series ii., tab. 336 ; Kegel, Gartenfloray
tab. 906, figs. 3 to 5. — Bulb small, ovoid, with brown
membranous tunics produced far above its neck.
Stem slender, one-flowered, with a couple of spread-
ing lanceolate leaves from its middle. Peduncle
erect in the normal form and segments of the perianth
oblanceolate, obtuse, \ — i inch long, pale yellow
inside, the three outer strongly tinged with green on
the outside, the three outer spreading in the expanded
flower. Anthers pale yellow, oblong, -I'.v — \ inch long,
much shorter than the glabrous filaments. Ovary
narrowed gradually into a style as long as itself, with
a three-lobed capitate stigma. A native of the Altai
Mountains and Dahuria, introduced afresh to European
gardens lately by Dr. Albert Kegel. Orithyia nutans,
of Trautvetter, is a variety with a flower rather droop-
ing in an early stage, and O. oxypetala of Kunth, a
variety with narrower, more acute perianth-segments.
60. T. hcterophyllay Baker ; Orithyia heterophylla,
Kegel, Eniim, Semcfwio, p. 117. — A near ally of the
last, marked by its funnel-shaped perianth, with six
connivent, oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse segments.
The filaments are glabrous, and in the type the lower
leaf is much shorter and broader than the upper, but
there is a variety — subsequali folia — in which the two
are nearly alike. A native of the Thian-schan moun-
tains and Transilian Alatau, at an elevation above
sea-level of 7000—8000 feet. Discovered by Seme-
now, and since gathered by Fetisow,
61. T. dasysteuion^ Kegel, Descr., Part ii., p. 221 ;
Orithyia dasystemon, Kegel, in Act, Hort, Pctrop,^
vi., p. 261. — Stem i-flowered, not more than 3 or 4
inches long. Leaves two, sub-opposite, glabrous, lan-
ceolate. Peduncle rather cernuous. Perianth funnel-
shaped, above an inch long, bright yellow inside, the
three inner segments oblong-unguiculate, the three
outer oblanceolate, tinged green all over the back.
Anthers small, oblong, bright yellow ; filaments
densely pilose up to the top, \ inch long. Ovary
imperfect in the only specimen I have seen. A native
of the mountains of Eastern Turkestan. My notes
are taken from a living specimen sent by Dr. Wallace,
of Colchester, which he flowered in April, 1881. It
has not been figured.
Group n. — Leaves three, crowded near the base
of the stem.
62. T. Ihtansihanua, Kegel, Dcscr.^ Part vi.,
p. 222. — Bulb with the outer tunics strigose towards
the tip. Leaves three, linear-lanceolate, falcate,
minutely denticulate on the edge. Peduncle glabrous,
much shorter than the leaves. Perianth-segments obo-
vate-oblong, obtuse or minutely apiculate, under an
inch long. Anther oblong, half as long as the fila-
ment, which is flattened and narrowed suddenly at the
tip. A native of the Thian-schan Mountains, at an
elevation of 7000 to Sooo feet above sea-level, dis-
covered by Dr. Albert Kegel.
^Ty. T. Kraiiscana^ Kegel, Dcscr., Part vi,, p. 222,
— Stem very short, with three glabrous leaves, crisped
on the edge, the lower ovate, the next ovate-oblong,
the upper Hnear-lanceolate. Flower subsessile,
whitish inside, tinged green outside, the segments
linear-lanceolate and acute. Anthers linear, very
long, subsessile. Karatau Mountains, Central Asia ;
only known from a single dried specimen, gathered
by the botanist after whom it is named.
Group in. — Leaves two large ones low down on
the stem, and two to four small ones near each
flower.
64. T. edtdis^ Baker; Orithyia edulis, Miquel ; O.
oxypetala, A. Gray ; Tulipa graminifolia, Baker. —
Bulb ovoid, the outer tunics densely woolly inside.
Stem very slender, 3—9 inches long, 1^3 headed.
Two lower leaves linear, flaccid, \ — I foot long, and
two small linear erecto-patent ones a short space
belov/ each flower. Perianth funnel-shaped, 2 — i
inch long, all the segments acute, pale yellow flushed
sometimes with red, strongly tinged with green on the
outside. Anthers small, oblong, filaments glabrous.
Ovary narrowed gradually into a long style. A native
of Japan, gathered by Oldham, Bisset, Dickins, &c.
The Chinese plant which I described under the name
of T. graminifolia, of which we have now a good
supply from Maries, is apparently the same species.
65. T. erythronioidcs^ Baker. — Fully described in
Trimcn's Journal of Botany for 1875, p. 292, from
specimens gathered in the snowy valley, in the pro-
vince of Che-kiang, China, at an altitude of 2000 feet,
by Mr. J. F. Quekett, of Shanghai. Lower leaves
two, opposite, erecto-patent, \ — \ inch broad, and
four small linear ones near the flower. Flowers
solitary, whitish, f — i inch long, with oblanceolate
obtuse segments. Anthers oblong, a third as long as
the glabrous filaments. Style \ inch long, y. G»
Baker,
PRUNUS TRILOBA. — M. Andre describes in a
recent number of the Revue Horiicole the fruit of
this beautiful shrub, first described in these columns
by Dr. Lindley, in 1857. Of the multiple carpels,
of which the pistil consists, only one it appears ripens ;
and this is a true Plum, forming a link between the
Apricots and the true Plums. M. Carriere had
already called this plant Amygdalopsis Lindleii, but
now M. Andre suggests Prunopsis Lindleii. If it be
really, as M. Andre says, a Prunus, why not keep
Lindley's name, which is shown to be generically
correct, and has every right of priority? As to the
specific name, it is true the leaves are not always
three-lobed, in fact, as a rule, they are not so, but in
this case it would appear to us to be a lesser incon-
venience to retain a name which is only partially
applicable, than to adopt a new synonym altogether.
FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS -
BY SNAILS AND SLUGS. I
Various writers have recorded observations of ■
snails and slugs acting as agents for the conveyance of 1
pollen from one flower to another, especially of
Aroids ; and Dr. F. Ludwig has published [Kosmos,
xi'» P- 347 — 35 0 ^n article on an instance of "Adapta- ^
tion in Floral Arrangement for Fertilisation by Snails," I
Dr. Ludwig has studied the flowering of Philodendron ■
bipinnatifidum, and believes that it is in the highest
degree adapted for fertilisation by snails. This
has caused Prof. Warming to republish (Engler's
Botanischc yahrbiicher^ iv., heft 3) some observations
of his on the fertilisation of the same plant which ap-
peared some sixteen years ago in a Danish serial. And
Dr. Engler in the same place publishes some interest-
ing general observations on the separation of the sexes
and the conditions of pollination in the Aroidece. Dr.
Ludwig's conclusions are entirely opposed to
the results of Prof, Warming's observations
of the plant during three seasons in its
native country (Brazil) ; and it appears almost
certain that, although snails and slugs occasionally
carry pollen from one flower to another, a real
" malacophilous " or snail-loving plant has yet to be
found. We should as soon have thought of a snail-
loving gardener ! However, there are doubtless
mutual adaptations as unlikely on the surface as the
one in question.
Professor Warming made observations on the various
phenomena attending the flowering period. Briefly,
the inflorescence of Philodendron pinnatifidum, is a
stout spadix, n to 12 inches long (in the wild state),
enclosed in a spathe just long enough to contain it.
Unlike Arum, Richardia, &c,, the whole of the.
spadix is covered with flowers, which are crowded
thickly together and destitute of any kind of perianth.
The lower part is occupied by female flowers ; the
middle by staminodes or imperfect flowers, and the
upper part by male flowers. In Lagoa Santa, where
Warming's observations were made, the duration of
the flowering period was two days, or, to be more exact,
from thirty-four to thirty-six hours. Even shortly before
blooming begins the spathe is so firmly and tightly
closed that it is impossible to open it without break-
ing it, and the spadix, of course, is completely en-
closed. On the day that blooming is to begin
indications of it can be seen early in the morning.
Thus it was noted that a spadix which was quite
closed at 7 a.m. had so far opened by 9 that the
margins were about a twelfth of an inch asunder. At
noon they are still farther apart, and a slight develop-
ment of heat in the spadix is perceptible to the touch,
but the difference between the temperature of the air
and the spadix is only about 2° to 3°. 5 Fahr. There
is also a faint aromatic odour. The greatest observed
excess of heat of the spadix above the air at i o'clock
was about 6" Fahr. At 2 a spathe would be already
wide open and the spadix bent a little outward and for-
ward, but the heat and odour still feeble. By 3 o'clock
the spathe is still wider open and the spadix more
curved, and the excess of heat above the air as much
as 9"" Fahr. At 4 there is an appreciable differ-
ence in the heat of the staminodes and the
male flowers. This was ascertained by putting
the bulb of a thermometer in holes bored in the
spadix and keeping it thereuntil it ceased rising. The
female flowers are scarcely at all heated. By 5 o'clock
the spathe is as wide open as it ever gets, the spadix is
bent forward more, and the aromatic odour is stronger.
Bees and other insects begin to visit in great numbers,
flying actively in and out of the spathe ; and the excess
of heat has risen to 2i°.6 in the staminodia and iS°.4
in the male flowers. At 6 o'clock the spathe is still
as wide open as at 5> s-^d the spadix more curved.
Bees are still there, and small cockchafers begin to
find their way in. The maximum excess of heat
observed at this time was 23^,4 in the male flowers
and in the staminodes 29*. 5, and the aromatic odour
exceedingly 'strong, ( sometimes almost stupefying.
From half-past six to seven the condition of the spathe
remains about the same, while the spadix has perhaps
drawn back a little. The sun is now down, and the
bees have withdrawn, but the cockchafers are more
numerous. At this time the excess of heat attains its
maximum, being as much as 33°. 3 above the air, when
thelatterstoodat70°.7,oran extremeheatof 104" Fahr.
And Professor Warming thinks he might have obtained
a greater heat with more delicate instruments, and by
using wadding to prevent the influence of the external
temperature. After seven the spathe gradually closes,
Seitemiikk
ISS3.;
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
267
the spadix draws back, and the odour grows fainter,
bcinK hardly perceplible by 9 o'clock. The tem-
perature of llie spadix rapidly decreases, falling to
what it was between 3 and 4 o'clock. The cock-
chafers fccm to remain in the .'iiathe throughout the
night. On ihe morning of Ihe second day the spathe
is more closed, and at 6 o'clock A.M. there is neither
perceptible hcrit nor tniell, but between 8 and 9 o'clock
a second period of heating occurs. This is of much
shorter duration than the first, reaching its maximum
at about 10 o'clock ; it is likewise much less intense.
Ijces are again present, and with the cockchafers and
other insects Ihcy swarm about in the lower part of
the spathe. With the continuously tighter closing
up of the spathe a new phenomenon is observed after
noon ; a clammy, aromatic yellow liquid trickles
out of innumerable pores on the inside of
the spathe. Finally, between 4 and 5 p.m. the
inflorescence enters upon its last stage. The anthers
open and the pollen, as in so many other Aroidea?, is
ejected from the anthers in long thread-like masses,
giving the upper part of the spadix a very singular
appearance. Professor Warming was more interested
in the heating of the spadix than in the process of
fertilisation, but he adds the following note : — " The
insects are still [between 4 and 5 I'.il. on the second
day] very active, and probably contribute considerably
in furthering fertilisation." At 7 o'clock P.M. on the
second day the blooming is over ; the spathe has
completely closed, and only the upper end of the
spadix is visible ; this is a consequence of the
spadix having grown about three-quarters of an inch
in length during the blooming period.
Dr. Ludwig not only maintains that Philodendron
bipinnatifidum is eminently adapted to fertilisation by
snails, he adds, " to the exclusion of other visitors."
Professor Warming, as we learn from the foregoing,
observed the visits of various kinds of insects in great
numbers ; and he further slates, most emphatically,
that fertilisation by means of snails is an utter impos-
sibility in Lagoa Santa, inasmuch as he never saw such
a thing as a snail during a three years' stay devoted 10
the collection of all kinds of objects of natural his-
tory. Fertilisation was abundantly effected in the
wild state, and Professor Warming is of opinion that
the females were pollenised by the males of the same
inflorescence, but actual observation is wanting to
verify this supposition. Professor Warming adduces
other facts opposed to fertilisation by snails, notably
the poisonous nature of the inflorescence, the short
duration of the blooming period, and the rarity of two
or more inflorescences being in the flowering stage at
the same time on the same plant, even on vigorous
wild plants. We have met with no later evidence
than Delpino's on what he terms malocophilous
plants. Two Aroids he regarded as such, namely,
Alocasia odora and Khodea japonica, the former pro-
tecting itself from being eaten by excreting an acrid
juice which kills the snails— not an economical pro-
ceeding, certainly, nor one likely to perpetuate such a
mode of fertilisation. The latter, on the other hand,
provides food for the snails in the form of a fleshy
tissue, into which the perianth is transformed, the
.snails being content with this provision and not touch-
ing other parts of the flower. Mr. W. Trelease
{American Naturalist, 1879, p. 580) records having
observed snails occasionally on the spadix of Symplo-
carpus foetidus, an Aroid that is freely visited by hive
bees, flies, and bugs. Our extracts from Professor
Warming's article having been more copious than we
anticipated, we must reserve Dr. Engler's paper for a
separate notice. W. B. H.
THE SOUTHERN ALPS OF NEW
ZEALAND.
(Continued from fi, zyfi.'\
New Zealand's great genus, Veronica, has a few
representatives on this mountain. In the little snow
runnels on the slopes, many handsome vivid green
bushes of V. cupressoides are noticeable, as also a
form of V. vernicosa ; these grow to a height of 4 feet,
but V. Lyalli is a little trailer with white and mauve-
coloured flowers ; V. epacridea, a spreading, trailing,
hard-wooded species, is a most singular plant for the
genus, the small red-edged leaves being densely
quadrifariously imbricate, and the flowers densely
packed into ovoid terminal heads. V. tetrasticha, a
small species, looks much like a species of Logania,
but is not of interest to the cultivator. The well
known Ilymenanthera crassifolia is abundant here,
producing its pretty white berries in immense
quantities. Another fine berried shrub is the Snow-
berry, Gaultheria antipoda, the large fleshy-while
fruit being very pleasant in flavour and much eaten
by birds. Numerous Epacridaceous shrubs of the
genus Dracophyllum are plentiful, the best, perhaps,
being D. scoparium. All the species on this mountain
have needle- shaped leaves, and are of vivid green
colour.
Species of Raoulia are very numerous on the lower
slopes ; most are pielty, though small plants, and
would be nice things forcovernig b.anks of soil among
rockwork. On the shingle slips towards the summit
grow those curious plants Raoulia mamillaris and K.
cximia, known to all settlers as "vegetable sheep; "
growing a? they do in groups of four to twenty, these
look not unlike sheep lain down, and hence the vulgar
name. They vary in size from 4 to 6 inches across to
as many feet, and form hemispherical cushions of dense
woolly branches — so dense and firm that the finger
cannot be thrust into them. When first ascending the
mountain in 1S66, in company with Mr. Ilaast, I
managed to carry down a medium-sized specimen,
which I believe is now in one of the museums at Kew.
We have several times tried to grow them, but cannot
succeed out-of-doors on account of the dry climate of
this city and the arid nature of our garden. The gem
of the genus is, however, R. grandiflora, Hk. f,, a liny
alpine with dense silvery branches, small im.ljricatcd
leaves, and large white flowers. Two other pretty
Composite are Gnaphalium bellidioides, with fine
while everlasting flowers, and the New Zealand
Edelweiss, G. grandiceps, which, during the Rev. Mr.
Green's adventurous ascent of Mount Cook, attracted
the attention of his Swiss guides, reminding them of
their own allied Leontopodium. The New Zealand
plant, however, is smaller in all its parts, and has more
silvery foliage. Another curious Composite is Haastia
recurva, which grows only at high altitudes, and is not
amenable to cultivation. Some of the plants found on
Mount Torlesse are especially adapted for existence in
the deep loose dcbi is forming the numerous snow-
slides on ihe steep face of the mountain. Among
these may be mentioned the curious Lobelia Roughii,
with peculiar nerveless, obovate, deeply-toolhed
fleshy leaves, and dirty while flowers. Ligusticum
carnosulum, another shingle plant, has a fleshy root-
stock, buried deep in the shingle, from which are
thrown up a few strange-looking multifid leaves and
small umbels of pinkish-white flowers. It is a pretty
and most singular plant. Species of Fratia are com-
mon, principally P. macrodon, and several forms of
P. angulata, all producing abundant white flowers and
small pink or rose-coloured fleshy capsules. Two or
three pretty dwarf kinds of Celmisia, with miniature
Daisy-like flowers, grow on the peaty slopes among
grass ; also two species of Ozothamnus, both worthy
of cultivation ; and Drapetes Dieffenbachia and D.
Lyalli, the two latter minute shrubs allied to Pimelea.
Returning to the road we proceed for the next"
30 miles over undulating countiy, flanked on each side
by high bare-looking ranges with occasional patches
of Fagus forest, the flora being similar to that already
described. In this 30 miles there are five pretty lakes,
all more than 2000 feet above the sea. The largest
of these is Lake Pearson, about 3 miles long, the
whole bottom of which is covered with aquatic plants,
the most interesting being a large species of Isoetes,
Pilularia globulifera, and a minute aquatic Ranun-
culus (R. limosella, F. Muell.). On reaching the
township of Bealey the aspect of the country changes
greatly : the bare appearance of the mountains gives
place to a rich clothing of evergreen forest, principally
Fagus, but very dense, every tree bearing its load of
beard-like lichens. Here we have to cross the river
Waimakariri, and leaving the valley of that river
enter that of its tributary the Bealey, which rises on
Mount Rolleston, a grand mass lying to our left.
Following the richly wooded Bealey valley for 8 miles
we arrive at the foot of Arthur's Pass, 93 miles from
Christchurch.
Arthur's Pass is justly considered to be one of the
wonders of New Zealand, both on account of its
peculiar geological formation and the remarkable
alpine [flora being here splendidly developed. On
both sides rise grand mountain peaks, possessing
superb outlines, and the effect is greatly improved by
the fine F'agus forests, which form charming park-like
groves in the valley of the Bealey, and clothe the
mountain sides for 2000 feet above. On the left,
high above us, towered the splendid peaks of Mount
Rolleston, its flanks covered with immense snowfields,
whilst on the opposite side of the valley fine water-
falls hung on the rocky mountain sides. The chief
of these falls, the Devil's Punch Bowl, attains a
height of 500 feet, and on our last visit its sides were
covered with huge icicles, giving it a romantic ap-
pearance. Here we cross the gorge of the ISealey by
a fine wooden bridge — the river flows through a deep
chasm, and is a foaming torrent, its sides overhung
by vegetation of the richest description. Here grew
magnificent eximples of the arborescent Epacri<l,
Dracophyllum Traversii, Hk, f., which not infie-
quently attains a height of 30 feet and a diameter of
I to 2 feel. In habit the tree not a little resembles
Cordyline australis, but the branches are more
numerous and the leaves are shorter. The flowers
are produced in dense oblong panicles at the lips of
the branches, and add much to the appearance of the
tree. This is one of Ihe finest plants known to me
and should prove acceptable in England. Unfortun-
ately it has suffered much from fires, and threatens to
become extinct at no very distant period. In the
forest several splendid shrubs are common, among
them are some peculiar conifers. Of these we may
mention, in the first place, the Celery-topped R'^d Pine,
Phyllucladus alpinus, a most singular looking shrub,
or rather small tree, with peculiar flattened branchlets
(cladodia), which take the place of leaves, the latter
being present in ihe young slate only. Another very
fine Conifer is the Kawaka, Libocedrus Bidwilli,
which has much the appearance of an Arbor-vilx,
and is only distinguished from L. D.oniani by the
tetragonous branchlets. The Silver Pine, Dacrydium
Colensoi, Hk. f. (D. Westlandicum, Kitk), is com-
mon, and, like the other Conifers mentioned here,
should prove acceptable in British pinelums.
On the slopes of peaty ground above the forests
grow two more species of Dacrydium. D. BidwiUi,
Hk. f , is the tiniest of Ihe Pine tribe, of which there
are two varieties, one trailing over damp ground and
the other tufted, rarely exceeding 4 inches in height :
its peculiar blue tint should render the latter a use-
ful plant in carpet bedding. On many of the old trees
of tragus Solandri grow numerous Loranths, double
parasitism being also rather frequent here. The most
abundant species are L. flavidus, L. tetrapetalus, and
L. decussatus. I believe that the Beeches themselves
have not yet been cultivated in England ; they are
splendid evergreen trees, and seem to thrive every-
where in this country. Species of Olearia are as
numerous here as in most parts of the colony, but the
species of these alpine regions are quite distinct from
those of the lowands ; two of the large-leaved species,
O. ilicitolia and O. nitida, are small trees of fine
appearance. O. lacunosa, Hk. f., is a splendid shrub,
with long narrow coriaceous leaves, with evident
lafunce below and densely clothed with brown tomen-
tum. Of the small-leaved group, O. nummularifolia
and O. cymbifolia are the commonest, but O. Ilaastii
and O. moschreta are also found. All these are fine
shrubs, very hardy, and of easy cultivation, and it
seems strange that only one of them should have been
imported into England.
The genus Panax has a number of fine species here,
the finest being the Ivy tree, P. Colensoi, a fine dark-
leaved evergreen, growing to a height of 12 feet.
The mountain Lancewood, P. lineare, is very abund-
ant, but is rarely found in fruit. P. simplex is common,
and is a handsome little tree, the young form being
very curious on account of its deeply lobed leaves, so
different from those of the mature form. One of the
finest shrubs of the colony is Senecio elseagnifolius,
which combines the inflorescence of the common
English Groundsel with the fine foliage of a Rhodo-
dendron, Smaller kinds are S. Bidwilli and S,
Buchanani, the latter with pretty silvery veins. The
genus Coprosma has numerous species, the most
striking being C. fcetidissimum, the odour of which is
exceedingly unpleasant; and the dwarf C. aceroium,
bearing vast quantities of azure-blue berries. Decidu-
ous shrubs are not numerous in New Zealand, but a
few occur on Arthur's Pass. The mountain Ribbon-
wood, Plagianlhus Lyalli, isallied to the Sidas, and
is a really handsome shrub, wiih fine, green, lobed
leaves, and multitudes of white flowers about the size
of a shilling. Aristotelia Colensoi bears numerous
edible black berries, and is known as Wineberry. An
alpine form of Fuchsia excorlicata was common, and
its fine autumn tints add variety to scene. New
Zealand's great genus, Veronica, is not so well repre-
sented here as further south, but still there are some
fine plants of the shrubby sections. We may mention
V. iKvis, V. cupressoides, V. Armstrongii, V. odora,
and V. canterburiensis. y. B. Armstrong, Botanic
Gardens, Cliristchiinh, Ne^ti Zealand.
( To he continued.)
268
THE GARDRNERS' CHRONICLE.
[September i, iSSj.
SINGLE DAHLIAS.
A SUPERB display of these popular flowers was made
by Mr. T. S. Ware at the meeting of the Royal Hor.
ticultural Society on Tuesday last. There came from
Tottenham over one hundred bunches, represent-
ing a considerable number of varieties, some deci-
dedly novel, and all singularly attractive. But what
is to be understood by the awards made by the Floral
Committee on this occasion ? They first of all gave
First-class Certificates to massive, well-formed, good-
sized flowers like Negress, rich shining maroon, very
fine form, and thoroughly distinct — one of the finest
of the large flowered section ; and then made the
same award to Bedding Gem, a small flowered sort
with pale orange-scarlet blossoms wanting in sym-
metry ; and Mr. Cannell received the same award
for Midget, also a small flowered variety, of a bright
scarlet colour also. It would thus appear that a
small flowered section is desirable, and that they are
assumed to be adapted for bedding, and of more value
for cutting than the larger flowered type. But no
evidence to this effect was forthcoming, and it is pro-
bable that those who fancy the single Dahlias will
turn away from these small flowered and somewhat
puny-looking types to such fine novelties as T. S.
Ware, orange-scarlet— very fine; Indian Chief, a
kind of orange-buff ground, flaked with rosy-
purple ; Mauve Queen Improved, deep mauve ;
Ellen Terry, pale pinkish-mauve — very pretty ;
Lucy Ireland, brilliant magenta-crimson ; and In
Memoriam, orange-crimson, with a slight tip of
purple to each petal. If it is feared that the single
Dahlias are becoming too large : there were to be
found in Mr. Ware's stand a number of flowers of
what might be termed medium sized, good in form,
and charming in colour. Mention may be made of
the following as illustrations :— Thalia, crimson-
magenta ; Rosalind, mauve ; Union Jack, red and
white ; Nora, bright magenta ; Paragon, difficult to
beat ; Pantaloon, mauve and white ; Emerald, orange-
crimson ; Danger, deep orange ; Radical, reddish-
orange, &c. The Floral Committee appear just now
to be in danger of being led away by what might be
termed "fads."
|t0tia5 0f §0fllis.
James Nasmyth, Engineer; an Autobiography ^
&'c* London : Murray.
The record of a successful career, the history of a
most useful life, the narrative of the varied expe-
riences of an artist, an engineer, an astronomer, and
a man of the world, could hardly fail to be attractive.
The narrative is presented to us in the book before us
in the simplest, freshest, most engaging manner ; no
wonder, then, that it proves delightful in the reading.
We cannot all invent steam-hammers, make reflecting
telescopes, discover " Willow leaves in the sun," or
design "astrologers' towers," and the reason why we
cannot do so is well exemplified in the present
volume. If in some respects the author is, like all
the world's greatest men, a self-made man, in others
he owes much to ancestral inheritance. To his
father indeed, a well-known artist and no mean
mechanic, the author acknowledges his great obliga-
tions. Circumstances acting on a man so endowed
have, by a sort of natural selection, made him what
he is. Without the hereditary endowments circum-
stances would have been futile ; with them, even had
the conditions been different from what they were,
success would been equally certain. This conviction
will come home to every one who reads these delightful
memoirs, which tell of the great engineer's ancestryand
parentage, the pursuits and associations of his youth,
his training in Maudsley's workshops, his early inven-
tions, his establishment in business, the evolution of
the steam hammer, his travels, his astronomical
hobbies and researches into the significance and his-
tory of the cuneiform inscriptions. That a mind so
constituted should feel delight in Nature's beauties is
a matter of course. It is the book- worm and recluse
who lacks this faculty, and it is not under this category
that Nasmyth must be reckoned. Justification of our
statement will be found in the following extracts i—
" In those early days of art-knowledge, there scarcely
existed any artistic feeling for the landscape beauty of
Nature. There was an utter want of appreciation of the
dignified beauty of the old eastles and mansions, the
remnants of which were in too many instances carted
away as materials for new buildings. There was also at
that time an utter ignorance of the beauty and majesty
of old trees. A forest of venerable Oaks or Beeches was
a thing to be done away with. They were merely cut
down as useless timber ; even when they so finely embel-
Hshed the landscape. My father exerted himself success-
fully to preserve these grand old forest trees. His fine
sketches served to open the eyes oi their possessors to
the priceless treasures they were about to destroy ; and
he thus preserved the existence of many a picturesque
old tree. He even took the pains in many cases to model
the part of the estate he was dealing with ; and he also
modelled the old trees he wished to preserve. Thus, by
a judicious clearing out of the ntercepting young timber,
he opened out distant views of the landscape, and at the
same time preserved many a monarch of the forest."
Here is the record of an ingenious method of plant-
ing in inaccessible places : —
"The Duke of Athol consulted my father as to the im-
provements which he desired to make in his woodland
scenery near Dunkeld. The Duke was desirous that a
rocky crag, called Craigybarns, should be planted with
trees, to relieve the grim barrenness of its appearance.
But it was impossible for any man to climb the crag in
order to set seeds or plants in the clefts of the rocks. A
happy idea struck my father. Having observed in front
of the castle a pair of small cannon used for firing salutes
on great days, it occurred to him to turn them to account.
His object was to deposit the seeds of the various trees
amongst the soil in the clefts of the crag, A tinsmith
in the village was ordered to make a number of canisters
with covers. The canisters were filled with all sorts of
suitable tree seeds. The cannon was loaded, and the
cannisters were fired up against the high face of the rock.
They burst, and scattered the seed in all directions.
Some years after, when my father revisited the place,
he was delighted to find that his scheme of planting by
artillery had proved completely successful, for the trees
were flourishing luxuriantly in all the recesses of the
cliff."
We have not space to do more than allude to the
author's love of gardening and his experiments in
planting. "To thus paint, as it were, with trees is a
high source of pleasure in gardening. Among my
varied enjoyments this has been about the greatest."
With what associations gardening may directly link
itself let the following extract, with which we must
close our notice, show : —
"As the ' High places ' could not be transported to
the Temples, the cone-bearing trees, which were naturally
associated with these elevated places, in a manner par-
took of their sacred character, and the fruit of the trees
became in like manner sacred. Hence the Fir cone
became a portable emblem of their sacredness ; and,
accordingly, in the Assyrian worship, so clearly repre-
sented to us in the Assyrian sculptures in our museums,
we find the Fir cone being presented by the priests
towards the head of their kings as a high function of
beatificadon. So sacred was the Fir cone, as the fruit
of the sacred tree, that the priest who presents t has a
reticule-shaped bag in which, no doubt, the sacred
emblem was reverently deposited when not in use for the
performance of these high religious ceremonies.
" The same emblem ' survived ' in the Greek worship.
I annex a tracing from a wood engraving in Fellows'
Researches in Asia Minor, 1852 {p. 175), showing the
Fir cone as the finial to the staff of office of the wine god,
Bacchus. To this day it is eraplo^^ed to stir the juice of
the Grape previous to fermentation, and so sanctifying
it by contact with the fruit of the sacred tree. This is
still practised by the Greeks in Asia Minor and in Greece,
though introduced in times of remote antiquity. The
Fir cone communicates to most of the Gretk wines that
pecuhar turpentine or resinous flavour which is found in
them. Although the sanctification motive has departed,
the resinous flavour is all that siu'vives of a once most
sacred ceremony, as having so close a relation to the
worship of the sun and the heavenly bodies.
" In like manner it appears to me highly probable that
* the Christmas tree,' with its lighted tapers, which is
introduced at that sacred season for the entenainment of
our young people, is ' a survival ' of the worship of the
sacred tree and of the sun. The toys which are hung on
the twigs of the tree may also be ' survivals ' of the
offerings which were usually made to the sun and the
heavenly bodies. If I am correct in my conjecture on
this subject, it throws a very interesting light on what is
considered as a mere agent for the amusement of
children."
— — English Botany. — The eighty-fifth part con-
tains figures and descriptions of British Ferns, from
Botrychium lunaria to Lastrea ?emula. The text is
excellent, but some of the figures are not satisfactory
— as, for instance, that of Lastrea filix mas.
The British Moss Flora. — The seventh part
of Dr. Braithwaite's excellent monograph of British
Mosses has lately been published. It contains the
continuation of '* Dicranum," the species of which are
carefully described, and the synonyms as conscien-
tiously worked out as in preceding parts. The illus-
trations are neatly executed, and to the purpose.
Zermatt. — The ride from the Rhone Valley to this
place affords a continued series of delights — the walk
would be far preferable did time and circumstance
permit — for the way is long and steep, and there are
more loose stones than fixed ones. Moreover, the
back of a horse carefully engaged in looking where
to place his feet, and pulling himself together to make
the necessary ascent of the stairs (for such they might
well be called if it were not for insulting the stairs),
is not altogether the most suitable place in the world
for observing the vegetation — I say nothing about the
scenery — I know better than to make so futile an
attempt. Those who have traversed the route know
it, to those who have not no language can suffice.
When Ruskin even tries his hand he writes sometimes
splendid prose — at other times something very like
nonsense, but he succeeds no better than the veriest
Grub Street hack in conveying anything like a picture
of these mountains and their investiture, be it of
cloud, or snow, or herb. It is all very well to read
the brilliant sentences when one is in one's easy chair
at home, but in presence of the mountains themselves
the art of man sinks into insignificance indeed. Still,
for all that, the printed page need not, and assuredly
will not, be disparaged. Even as the flattened brown
fragments in the herbarium, though themselves shape-
less and ugly, serve to call up cherished associa-
tions and memories of imposing scenery and lovely
flowers, so the glowing prose of an accomplished
writer may serve the same purpose.
The gardener or the botanist have special sources of
interest in making this journey, because they may pass
in a day, step by step, from the hot valley of the
Rhone, with its Maize fields and vineyards, through
the pastures and amid the fruit trees to the forest,
and through that again to the alpine meadows be-
spangled with flowers — and still higher, till bare rock
at length leads him above the line oi perpetual snow.
Some few plants will accompany him all the way ; or,
at least, as far as plants can go at all ; the little Cob-
web Sempervivum (Sempervivum arachnoideum) is
one of these. We saw it just out of the hot, smelly
streets of Visp, but it wasn't happy there ; a few miles
further on — further up, that is — it begins to enjoy
itself, till, at the head of the valley it positively revels.
Not a chink in the rock, not a pocket on the surface,
but is filled — filled to its utmost capacity, with this
charming little obesity. Little fat tufts covered with
a gossamer veil, and surrounded by a circlet of smaller
fat tufts, after the fashion of the hen-and-chicken
Daisy. Scarcely two are alike ; you may see them
forming little nubbles not so large as a Marrowfat Pea,
or as big as a five-franc piece ; you may see them
deep pink in colour, or green as a Cabbage, their veil
flimsy as a cobweb, or suggestive of a crochet anti-
macassar ; the form, too, of the leaves varies con-
siderably, so that no doubt M. Jordan or any of his
disciples would have no difficulty at all in carving
for us a couple of dozen new species out of this one
Cobweb Sempervivum.
In the warmer parts of the valley Prunus Mahaleb
abounds, and the common Barberry, together with
Lonicera Xylosteum with its clear red berries.
Higher up the valley we lose sight of this old friend
which is replaced at the higher elevations by the less
familiar Lonicera ccerulea, with its oblong blue berries.
Neither Pines nor Spruces are common, but here and
there are solitary trees, like the Scotch Pine, but with
shorter leaves, looser, thinner habit, and with smaller
cones, and which I take to be the uncinate variety of
P. silvestris. On some of the specimens bushes of
Mistleto are hanging. I do not remember to have
seen Mistleto on Pines at home. Sambucus racemosa
is everywhere, with its rich clusters of scarlet berries,
so is the curious Bladder Senna (Colutea arborescens).
How it recalled boyish days to " pop " the bladdery
pods I Bushes of deep green Savine, Juniperus
Sabina, trail over the rocks. Further on, as we ascend,
the Savine ceases and the common Juniper takes its
place, to be succeeded, in its turn, on the high alpine
pastures, by the dwarf variety, J. nana. Walnut trees
September i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
269
are plentiful and so are the nuts, Apples are wretched
scrubs, and Cherries are ludicrous abortions. Aspen
Poplars wave their leafy flaglets, while underneath,
among the herbage, are two or three brilliantly coloured
species of Dianthus, a viscid glowing Cytisus, the
yellow Salvia glutinosa, the strange Globe Thistle
(Echinops sphaerocephalus), familiar from childhood
but never seen " at home " before, and scores of other
things that sorely tempt me to dismount and let the
poor beast that is carrying me and my pack herborise
in its fashion, while I botanise in my way. By way
of digression I may say that some mules have very
marked preferences for particular plants ; one that I
bestrode one day in the Chamounix valley disdained
everything but leguminous herbage — the Astragalus
glycyphyllos, and the Coronilla varia with its heads of
quite 60 sanitary !— and by the side of the roaring tor-
rent— picking the bright but small flowers of the
autumn Colchicum with one hand and the dry
capsules of the spring Crocus with the other.
Pinguiculas and Parnassias start up from amid the
Lady's Mantle, and the purple Salvia pratensis casts
a glow over all, though here not so common as lower
down the valley. Rocks and boulders strewn in the
most picturesque confusion, some so covered with
flowers and Ferns (Dianthus, Sedum, Sempervivum,
Campanula, Epilobium, Cystopteris) that there is
hardly room to put a knife-blade between them, filling
up the crannies, squeezing between the clefts, welling
over the hollows — here starved and tiny, there well fed,
exuberant and glowing with colour ; and the grassy
undulations— who can describe the beauty of their
Fig. 40.— a garden in the valley of the meuse.
lilac flowers proving particularly attractive, as indeed
was not to be wondered at. Another animal was not
to be tempted by anything but the young shoots of the
Spruce, and these were browsed upon all along the
route till our way was quite marked out by the cropped
appearance of the Firs. As we near Zermatt, always
ascending, Aconitum Lycoctomum shows itself with
the scarlet berries of Daphne Mezereum, and the quaint
Paris quadrifolia, while the rocks are covered with Se-
dum album, S. dasyphyllum, S. sexangulare, and Cys-
topteris fragilis ; Campanula pusilla is literally every-
where, but its ubiquity detracts nothing from its simple
grace. We call a halt at Zermatt and the next few
days — oh, how they fly 1 — are devoted to rambles in the
neighbourhood. As we are supposed to be following an
upward course with a view to trace what can be seen
at a superficial glance of plant distribution according
to altitude, we may wend our way across the meadows
dotted with pictural chalets, very pictural, but not
curves, their varied tints, the richness of their shadows,
here smooth as an English lawn, there broken irregu-
larly by jutting flower-clad rock, in one place capped
by clumps of elegant Larches or Firs, in another rear-
ing their domed heads bared save for their capping
of velvet-green— and to all this there is a background
of forest, dark and suggestive, while towering up
above — far, far above — but now one must needs hold
one's breath : it is profanation to speak !
Right down into this rock garden comes silently,
mysteriously, awfully, a mighty frozen torrent, born
in the snows of Monte Rosa, forced on in its resistless
course between rocky barriers, gleaming between the
dark Cembra Pines, down till it reaches the rocky
pasture just described, and there it meets its fate, and
slowly, surely, constantly resolves itself into the water
that rushes along the valley to find its way to the
Rhone, and ultimately to the Mediterranean. The
oftener one sees these glaciers the more wonderful
they appear ; like the mountains that give them birth,
they seem to grow, stupendous as they are and awe-
inspiring, the eye cannot at first realise either their mass
or their beauty — probably never does so fully, so far
beyond its ordinary range are these amazing objects,
so utterly are they beyond comparison. Still, as one
looks and looks again, and cannot choose but look,
their immensity increases, their beauty becomes even
more transcendent — they grow ! After this, it might
be expected that one would have no eyes for the
lowly herbs that fringe the rough boulders brought
down by the glacier, but it is not so ; curiosity is
aroused to the highest pitch when the first feeling of
astonishment fades — it never ceases ! then an almost
overpowering curiosity to know all that can be known
of these mighty appearances seizes one. Is this the
secret which lures men on to their destruction some-
times ? It may be. But whether or no I was
desirous to see what vegetation there was at the very
base of the glacier, where it is loosened from its icy
bonds, and leaps into watery life. Sometimes, in like
cases, I have seen the surface of the moraine (or
rocky barrier at the sides and end of the glacier
covered with a thick layer of fine vegetable mould,
brought down from above by avalanches, or by the
fallen rocks, and covered with Gentians and Andro-
sace, Arabis and Primula, and other lovely little gems
of the higher slopes beneath the snow-line, but this
time it was not so. The river as it emerged from
the glacier is hardly cradled in flowers, and the
rocks just here are bare and with few plants growing
between them. Still there are some, and they are
characteristic. The most showy and beautiful is the
Willow herb, Epilobium angustifolium, and a smaller
one, more like a Clarkia than an Epilobium, but whose
name I do not yet know. Then there is a deep blue
Pansy close up to the ice, a few low bushes of Ilip-
pophae rhamnoides, and a thicket of Stipa pennata,
that wonderful feathery grass whose long plumes act
as screws and force the fixed end of the seed into the
ground, out of the reach of frost or marauding birds.
As to the forests of them I propose to speak in my
next. Rambler.
A DUTCH GARDEN.
The garden of which we give a plan (fig. 40) has
been executed by M. Burvenich, of Ghent, for a lady
residing near Maestricht, in the Duchy of Liraburg.
It comprises an area of about 12 acres, and is situated
in the midst of meadows and woods, in the fertile
valley of the Meuse, and is approached from the road
leading from Maestricht to Faucquemont. The
property is intersected by a large area of water, in
some places badly treated, but the landscape gardener
was compelled to retain much of it in its original
state. A stream called the Kanjel crosses the
property, which might have been turned to advantage
from a decorative point of view, but the neighbours
have quite spoiled its appearance and turned it to
utilitarian purposes. Owing to the large quantity of
water, numerous ornamental bridges have been con-
structed of various kinds, so as to ensure
variety. One near the entrance abuts on a semi-
circular mass of rockwork well clothed with appro-
priate plants. Some of the bridges are of iron, others of
Oak ; others, again, of stone, but all treated from a
decorative point of view. The mansion is in the
Italian renaissance style, and, with the other structures,
has been built under the superintendence of the archi-
tect, who also designed a pavilion in the Louis XVI.
style. This pavilion is raised upon an eminence
forming an island in the lake, planted with Poplars
and Willows. In front of the mansion, in the centre
of the lake, is a large pedestal of stone from the
famous grottoes near Maestricht, and which supports
a statue (Diana of Gabier), which is much admired.
The beautiful front of the mansion is reflected in the
waters of the lake.
The orchards and kitchen garden, seen to the left
of the plan, are extensive and well managed. They are
separated from theornamental portionof the grounds by
an avenue of Aspen Poplars. From various parts of the
grounds fine views are obtained over the town of
Maestricht and the surrounding country. M. Bur-
venich's design, which we selected from several that
were shown it the last Ghent Quinquennial Exhibition,
shows how the diflSculties caused by a rather un-
manageable piece of water have been successfully
encountered.
European Ferns. — Messrs. Cassell & Co. an-
nounce a new serial issue of Mr. James Britten's
European Ferns, part I of which is now before us.
270
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[StPTEMBER I, iS
|)r(I|i(l j)]otff) and ibaniitgf}.
Palumuina and Thunia. — There are in the last
number of the Gardetiers Chronicle some allusions
to these genera of mine, which I do not intend to
leave without a few observations. As to Palumbinait
is a plant that I have only seen in good health and with
good anthers at one place. It was the typical plant of
Messrs. Loddiges, grown by Messrs. Stang and
Schmidt, at Consul Schiller's — there it was enthroned
under the glass in a very light, very cool, well-aired
house, together with glorious Sarracenias — there it
multiplied in such proiusion as is seldom seen in a
garden Orchid. What the Hamburgh Botanic Gar-
den obtained in 1870 from Consul Schiller's widow
is not better than what is seen elsewhere, chiefly sent
by Mr. Linden. The plant re-appeared quite lately,
having been introduced by Mr. Low. We shall see
how the fresh supply will succeed. What is represented
in V>t.\J\Xi^\t^^s Herhariiwi (if my memory does not fail
me) by Miss Drake, and what Mr. N. E. Brown has
figured are in my opinion miserable morbid abortions,
such as an experienced Orchidist knows exist by hun-
dreds. I propose to give copies of my own sketches in
the Xcnia. My herbarium contains twenty-six inflores-
cences, some of which show the plant in its full deve-
lopment. As to Thunia, it is with reluctance that I
return to the topic. I have said what is to bs said,
and if people do not understand it I cannot help it.
The leading question is simply this, What are four,
what are eight? If somebody atlriba'es four pollinia
to Cymbidium, because the two pollinia are deeply
furrowed, then let him also attribute eight pollinia to
Thunia i( he pleases. Grand bien hii fasse. If the
pollinia of that genus are looked at from below,
their cohesion will be found easily in those cases
where they are furrowed. Phaius has totally free
waxy pollinia; Thunia has pulpy ones, only four in
number, but nov/, indeed, deeply slit, The chief
question is, whether the statements given by an author
are correct or not. The use of those statements for
generic or higher distinctions depends upon the sum
of knowledge, education, and good faith of the
botanist. If in our days the substance of the leaves,
the tumour of the stem joints, the mode of in-
florescence have been used as if of generic value — if to
please the amateur such genera as Lcelia, Caltleya,
Schomburgkia, Miltonia, iSic, have been kept for
scientific purposes as genera--then really I do not
understand how the same authors are not more
cautious, when "sinking " (as Professor Oliver says)
the genera, which have been established on the floral
organs. Mr. N. E. Brown speaks of Oxalis, Pelar-
gonium, Euphorbia, as warning examples against
genera established on mere difference of habit.
Every family keeping its own household, I might have
quoted Orchid genera, such as Liparis, Oncidium,
Epidendrum, Lepanlhes, &c. At all events, I have
never established genera on mere differences of habit.
I feel sorry I shall have to lose much time this winter
with such polemics. My friends wish me to do so.
As to myself, I openly confess that, whether my genera
are accepted by some or not, that is, to use Prince
Bismarck's expression, *' Un^chcucr lunrschti^ " to me.
H, G, Rchb.f.
Major Lendy's Orchids. — With the collection
here, as in many others newly commenced, the
growth has been so rapid and the specimens of
Cattleyas, Laelias, &c. (which are now so easily
to be obtained at a reasonable price as fresh im-
ported plants), which have been acquired of so
large a size that nothing remained to be done but to
build a new house of suitable dimensions to receive
the specimen plants. A very fine span-roofed, partly
sunk structure, 72 feet in length, 24 feet in breadth,
and 9 feet in height at the ridge, has therefore been
completed and is already filled. A walk, with side
stage, runs right round the house, and another walk
runs down the middle, from end to end, thus dividing
the middle space for staging plants into two parts,
each of which, being within reach of the middle walk
on the one side and the side walk on the other, is
very convenient to get at to inspect the plants. The
roof is supported by light iron arches spanning the
middle walk, and these arches are made use of to
train the long spikes of the strong-growing Oncids
over. At present a very pleasing effect is created in
this way by the first arch being covered wiih the
long slender spikes of the rose and white Oncidium
incur vum, and further on one covered with the
beautiful loosely arranged blooms of the handsome
O, zebrinum ; then come the massive yellow
flowers of O. macranthum, followed by a pillar
of O. luridum and other arches of O. obrysatum,
O. Schillerianum (which will run 15 feet when it
has anything to cling to), O. Wentworthianum, &c.
Just now there is not a great show of bloom, but
the masses of C. Trian^e, with from eight to twelve
sheaths, and the great show of flower-sheaths on most
of the specimen Cattleyas and Lslias promise well.
In this fine new house, however, are some good
plants of Calanihe sylvalica, each wiih several flower-
spikes, and each spike bearing from thirty to forty
greenish-white blooms j it is not handsome, but so
flowered it is tolerable. A plant of a very fine variety
of Aerides virens also bears an immense flower-spike,
3 feet in length, and having over seventy very large
blooms on it. Cattleya Loddigesii, C. GaskelHana,
C. guttata, C. guttata Leopold!, C. Eldorado, Cypri-
pedium caudatum (six flowers), C. niveum, Aerides
quinquevuInerum,Calanthe masuca,Vanda Roxburghi,
Millonia Clowesii grandiflora, M. Regnelli, Co:;logyne
corrugata, Odontoglossum haslilabium, Oncidium
flexuosum, and many other Oncids and Dendrobes
are blooming well. Houlletia Brocklehurstiana is
also well represented. It is a lovely sweet-scented
Orchid, bearing large wax-like flowers, each from
2'j — 3 inches in diameter, the ground colour being
yellow, and the marking purpUsh-red. It does well
with Major Lendy in the cool part of the Cattleya-
house, and under his treatment blooms well every
year. Although introduced as far back as 1S41, and
repeatedly imported since, the plant was not obtain-
able in recent times until Mr. F. Sander again ob-
tained the small consignment from which Major
Lendy's plant was obtained. This lot seems to be of
a freer flowering habit than oihers before imported, as
it has bloomed wiih nearly all who got plants
of it— Mr. Dinsmore, gardener to T. Blackwell, Esq.,
The Cedars, Harrow Weald, being lucky enough to ob-
tain a very fine variety, which he also flowers annually.
The novel feature in the new Orchid-house at Sun-
bury House is that it has no bottom ventilators, and
is ventilated only by a narrow strip in the ridge and
the door at one end and one trap in the other. How
these ventilating arrangements will answer time will
tell.
The Phaliienopsis are the best cultivated plants of
the collection, and every variety obtainable has been
procured, and they are all thriving weP, the dclicale
P. Lowi being as much at home as the robust P.
amabilis and P. Schilteriana, of which there are
many fine plants with leaves 15 inches in length.
They are grown tolerably cool and airy at all limes,
but particularly so at the present season, as when so
treated they are hardier to stand against the winter.
In bloom are some good plants of P. amabilis, some
fine varieties of P. violacea, a large plant of the curious
P. cornu-cervi, and the pretty P. rosea leucaspis, and
P. antenni'era rosea. Associated with the Phala^nop-
sids are some good Angrgecum citratum, A. Ellisii
(many in bloom), and a very fine specimen of Utricu-
laria Endtesii, covered with its attractive pale blue
flowers, along with several of its more common but
equally lovely ally— the white U. monlana. The
Dendrobe-house is just now being treated to a good
amount of sun-heat, and has at present nothing of
special interest in it, and the long cold house and the
intermediate house are of course at their lowest ebb so
far as bloom is concerned, but the plants of Vanda
coerulea, Loslia anceps, and L. autumnalis, which were
so fine last year, are bristling with flower-spikes, and
bid fair to beat their previous performance ; while for
present attraction many well bloomed plants of
Oncidium prcetextum, O. Forbesi, O. dasytile, Odon-
toglossum Alexandria, O. Pescatorel (one little plant
bearing perfect blooms over 4 inches across), O.
Roezlii, O. vexillarium, Mesospinidium vulcanicum,
Epidendrum vitellinum, E. Parkinsonlanum, Disa
grandiflora, Warscewiczella Wendlaudi, Masdevallias,
&:c., give abundance of interest to the visitor, even
though he may not be an Orchid grower. A com-
mendable feature in the Sunbury House collection is
the presence of good specimens of many of the Orchids
which, while not being worthy of being grown in
quantity or worth keeping in poor specimens, fre-
quently present to us startling objects of beauty
when well flowered in large masses, as for example
Aspasia epidendroides and Rodtiguezia (Uomezia)
planifolia,
With a temperature in the shade of So*, and a
cloudless sky, it will be necessary to anticipate the
wants of growing crops by thoroughly and effectually
watering certain of them which it may be desirable to
prolong the season of, and one of these is Peas. By
watering freely with liquid manure and mulching
afterwards, we oftentimes get the Ne Plus Ultra to
last till the middle of October, or even later in open
seasons. The Scarlet Runner is another very desir-
able crop to encourage, and large fleshy pods cannot
be produced without plenty of moisture. The Cauli-
flower is also a vegetable which needs help in ex-
tremely dry weather, though the Autumn Giant is less
susceptible of drought than many kinds. In justice to
many deserving gardeners, however, who are often
unjustly blamed, it is proper to state here that in a
shallow soil and a gravelly subsoil autumn Peas and
Cauliflowers cannot be successfully grown, and that
under these conditions employers should not expect
them. Choose an open piece of ground on a
south border, dig in plenty of manure and
on this plant the early Cabbage, which, all
being well and the spring genial, will be fit
for use in April. Ellam's and Plill's are the two
earliest kinds, according to our experience, but if this
very dry weather continues it will be better to defer
planting them till suitable weather for doing so comes.
As this crop is cleared off the border directly they are
ready i foot or 15 inches will be far enough apart for
them.
A sharp eye must be kept on the Cauliflower
and Lettuce sown last month, and if the young plants
are really suffering from want of water let them be
well soaked with a rather !ine-rosed watering-pot, but
watering in many cases is worse than if left alone, be-
cause if it is only half-done surface roots are thus en-
couraged which are again scorched by the next day's
sun. Where the supply of Endive is insuflicient a plan-
tation may still be made with a fair amount of success.
The Lettuce sown on the north border will possibly
need thinning out, but they may be left closer at this
lime of the year, as they do not generally grow so
large. Look over the Vegetable Marrow beds two or
three times a week, and cut every fruit fit for use,
because nothing tends so much to cut short the
bearing of the bed as a number of them
allowed to grow large and form seeds. Look
carefully over the Tomatos, and from the most
fruitful plants take cuttings, and in well-drained pots
and light soil strike the cuttings for the first supply
next year ; they may either be wintered in store pots
on the greenhouse shelf, like Verbenas, or, what is
better, if there is room, pot them off into 6o's. After a
trial of all the kinds in cultivation here this season,
the Orangefield Dwarf Prolific is the favourite for pro-
ductiveness.
The late French Beans sown in pits for a
supply during October and November, wiil need
water once a week, and earthing up ; a few little
twigs of Birch stuck up each side will keep the
plants in position, and have the lights in readiness to
put on at the very first signs of cold nights- Mush-
rooms in the pastures are an uncertain crop, therefore
daily collect fresh horse droppings, and make a bed
once a month, taking care at this time of the year
that the bed is not spawned too soon, as the manure
holds its heat longer now than later on ; and
it is well not to order in the spawn in too large quan-
tities. See also that it is kept in a thoroughly dry
place till wanted for use, as if allowed to get damp
the spawn will "run" and lose its virtue. The
Celery crop will need attention ; the earliest must be
earthed-up weekly, and if the very latest does not
move into growth satibfacLorily one good watering of
liquid-manure will set it going. Continue to dig and
store away Poiatos as they ripen; the mid-season
kinds are now ilpe, and the crop generally is mo^t saiis-
factory. The last sowing of Turnips will need thin-
ning ; clear off all crops of Beans and Peas as
soon as they are finished, and let all vacant ground
be occupied where the space is circumscribed, remem-
bering that at best there is a long winter before us,
when we can neither sow nor plant, and yet the
kitchen must be supplied daily ; therefore, even now,
if there are any strong plants of Coleworts, Kales, or
Broccoli, find a place for them- they will be useful.
^, K2(sl^ Eridge Castle,
September i, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
271
Che iDrcharb House.
The trees in our houses this year were well exposed
to light, and the houses, being shut up early in the
afternoon, the fruit has ripened much more rapidly
than it did when they were grown in a large span-
roofed house. The last fruits to ripen in Nectarines
were Victoria, although the Pine-apple was nearly as
late. Our latest Teaches ate Exquisite and Ijymond,
both really good varieties ; but Exquisite has a fault,
it is a very shy setter, though its quality is really first-
rate when well ripened. It is, as far as I am aware,
the best of the yellow- fleshed kinds. We are not
repotting any of the trees this season, but i( it is
intended to do so the best time is as soon as the fruit
is gathered. I have so frequently described the
mo.liis opcranJi of repotting that any further remarks
would be superfluous. The trees will have to be
removed ouside earlier than usual this year, but we
shall place them in a sunny position until the end of
September, when they will be surface-dressed. This
is done by removing a considerable portion of the very
small fibrous roots from the surface and down the
sides of the pots with the compost which has been
much exhausted. Some rich loam incorporated with
rotten stable manure must be pressed in firmly to re-
place that which has been removed. The trees will
scarcely require any more water, except what they
receive from the rainfall ; they ought to be plunged
over the lim in cocoa-nut fibre reluse. Those who
have not yet gathered all their fruit would do well to
maintain a rather dry and warm atmosphere ; the
trees also should not receive too much water at the
roots, or the fruits will not be of good flavour. The
seeds seem to have a much greater tendency to split
this year than usual — a defect which is doubtless to
be attributed to unfavourable weather at the time the
trees were in flower. To account for our fruit being
over, I may say that we have in previous years
grown Lord Palmerston, a large showy Peach, which
ripened at least two or three weeks later than
Exquisite or Walburton Admirable, but the flesh
used to be tough and wanting in flavour. Comet
and Sal.vay, two yellow-fleshed varieties, ripened
as late as November ; sometimes they were good
in flavour, but more often they were not, and
we discarded them. If a good late October Peach
could be raised it would be a great boon. J.
DouglaSj Great Gearks^ Ilford.
Tflelons anb iCucumbers.
Melons. — The beautiful and seasonable weather
with which we have been lately favoured has been
most favourable to the swelling off and ripening of
Melons in unhealed pits and frames. In such con-
trivances water must be used sparingly, but should
the plants be likely to suffer for want of water let
them have it before mid-day, or sufficiently early to
allow of the foliage getting dry before night, other-
wise mildew will be likely to give trouble, and canker
too. Do not wait the approach of the latter, but as a
preventive — and a cure if necessary — place some
quicklime and fresh soot round the collar of each
plant, which will absorb any unnecessary moisture
that might arise about the stems of the plants.
Lite plants will require the stopping, thinning, and
tying of the shoots being attended to in the usual
way, and the removing of any superfluous fruits which
may have set on the plants, leaving (uur or five of the
most even-sized and best placed ones on each plant as
a crop, the swelling of which will be greatly assisted
by copious supplies of diluted liquid-manure being
given to the roots when necessary. Damp the plants
morning and afternoon with tepid water. Light the
fires sufficiently early in the evening to prevent the
temperature falling below 70° during the night. //. IV,
IVard, Lon°ford Castle.
Cuci;mbers. — The treatment of plants recently set
must in a great measure be regulated in accordance
with the time when they are expected to produce fruit.
If the object is to secure a supply of fruit as soon as
possible, early stopping must be had recourse to, say
at the second wire, which will result in fruit-producing
shoots, but in the majority of places the object is to
get the fruit in lime only to succeed those grown in
frames, in which case the plants are allowed to reach
the third and fourth, and sometimes the top wire of
the trellis before being stopped, and all the young
fruits removed as they appear, when they break as
regularly as a Grape Vine from the axil of every leaf,
and the laterals from each individual plant are nearly
allowed to meet before being stopped, thus concen-
trating all the energies of the plants on the develop-
ment of wood and leaf, so that at a fixed period the
plants will be in a position to produce and sustain a
good and continuous supply of fruit during the winter
and early spring months. To these plants water must
be applied somewhat sparingly at the roots, until such
time as they have become well established, with
plenty of hungry roots permeating the soil in all
directions in search of food, when liberal supplies of
tepid diluted liquid-manure should be given to the
roots as often as circumstances may render neces-
sary. Maintain a minimum temperature of 65",
and a maximum of 75° with fire-heat, running
up 10" or 15° higher with sun-heat, and plenty
of atmospheric moisture at closing time, //. IV.
IVardf Longford Casdc,
;jlauta and i\\n\ |;illuiif.
Greenhouse, Cape, and New Holland Plants.
— The weather of the past few weeks has been most
favourable for perfecting the growths of the ma-
jority of these plants. This will go a great way towards
ensuring a successful crop of bloom another season.
Give close attention to the general routine of work
amongst them. The Indian Azaleas will be benefited
by a syringing on the afternoons of warm sunny days,
as the sun declines. Look after and guard against
the inroad of thrips where there are any symptoms ol
this troublesome insect to be seen ; keep the same in
check by syringing with a weak solution of tobacco-
water and soft soap. If this is repeated twice or
three times, there will not be much danger of their
increasing before housing time comes round, then
fumigation will effectually clear them off. If any of
the greenhouse Rhododendrons need a shift, this
operation may be performed perhaps raor; advan-
tageously at this season of the year than at any other.
For this work use peat, sand, &c., as advised in pre-
vious Calendars for Cape Heaths ; guard against over-
potting, however ; one size larger pot will be suf-
ficient in most cases. It is surprising what a length
of time these Rhododendrons will thrive and flower
season after season without any repotting ; this should
be a hint not to over-pot them at any time. The
autumn flowering Cape Heaths, as E. Marnockiana,
E. retorta major, E. Jacksoni, and E. Aitoniana,
amongst the harder wooded kinds, with E.
cerinthoides coronata and E. Eweriana of the
more (ree-growing sorts, will now be in full
beauty. When they have thoroughly developed
their blooms in the full exposure to sun and
air, by which means the intense colours of most
of them are brought to greater perfection, they may
be lightly shaded from bright sunshine. The two
last named varieties are amongst the most useful of
their class at this season ; they will bear cutting
better than the other kinds, and may with advantage
be grown by any one who does not already possess
them. Keep E. Cavendishiana, E. depressa, and
other early blooming kinds thoroughly exposed to the
sunshine, and a belter crop of bloom may then be
anticipated in due course. Should the plants be
somewhat light-rooted, a piece of canvas may be
hung on the sunny side of the pot to check too rapid
evaporation.
Such subjects as are liable to attacks of white scale
must be well looked after, and as most plants will have
to be got under cover during this month the sooner
Ihey are cleansed the better, now that they are easy
of access. Such subjects as the Acacias, Boronias and
Pimeleas are most liable to be attacked, but remedies
that have been advised on former occasions will be
found effectual when applied. The fine old Pleroma
elegans, when well grown, should have been in full
beauty during the last four weeks ; remove the pods
as the flowers fade, and do not let the falling petals
remain on the foliage to do any injury. When this
plant becomes tall and scrubby it should be cut hard
back and " broke " again in slight heat. Cuttings
of the half-ripened wood can be struck with a little
patience, and they will soon make nice plants.
Statices that have been bearing a good crop of
spikes should have thes-e removed as soon as
possible, to give the phints a season of rest.
Black thrips often attack Ihem, fumigate the
first opportunity to prevent any further mischief.
Cytisus that are in a healthy state should be freely
watered, and when pot-bound an occasional dose of
weak manure-water will be of benefit to them. Epi-
phyllum ttuncatum will be benefited by a few weeks'
exposure to sun and air in a cool greenhouse, keep-
ing them at the same time somewhat on the dry side.
Liliums of the speciosum section, if still in the open
air to retard their bloom, should be placed under
cover as the flowers expand. We have kept several
plants in the shade to work them in for conservatoiy
decoration during the next few weeks, with Gladiolus
in pots also. As any Liliums go out of flower do not
water them so much as hitherto ; on the other hand
they should not be kept dry, as the roots will be
found to be active (though in a lesser degree) the
greater part of the year. Nerines (or Guernsey Lilies)
will now be sending up their flower-spikes, and those
that are well established will take a liberal quantity
of water. We have found them do well in the same
pots for several years. Bouvardias we have this
season kept in pots thus far, but in the open air ;
before this is in print we hope to have them turned
out ol the pots into a warm pit, still keeping them
moderately cool for a few weeks longer. By this
method of flowering them in pits we calculate that we
obtain neatly double the quantity of bloom through the
numbers of back breaks that they make. The best for
this treatment we find to be B. Vreelandi, B. Hogarth,
B. umbellata carnea, B. Dazzler, and B. Alfred Neuner.
Those who are growing them in the open ground the
same as with Salvias, Solanums (capsicastrum vars.),
and the Libonias, will do well to check a too luxuriant
growth by either cutting around each plant or else by
thrusting a fork under each one, and lightly lifting
the same in a partial manner. Then in a week or
two they can all be taken up and potted, in readiness
for placing under cover. Chrysanthemums should
now be kept liberally fed with manure-water ; on no
account allow them to suffer, or loss of foliage will be
the result. Guard against injury from high winds by
securing each plant to its stake, and as a further pre-
caution we find it an excellent plan to run two or
three lengths of tar yarn along the rows of standards,
each string being fixed at intervals to uprights that
hold all secure. Where disbudding is practised, most
of it can now be performed ; but unless extra large
flowers are desired we do not recommend this prac-
tice to be followed up nearly so much as many are in
the habit of doing. Pelargoniums that have faiily
broken into fresh growth should be shaken out and
be repotted into smaller sizes, drawing the lights over
them at night when pit-room can be spared for their
protection.
The bulb season having again come round, no delay
should be allowed in getting in the necessary stock of
each kind, relying mainly on well tried sorts in each
class rather than on novelties yet unproven. The
somewhat scarce bulb, Urceolina pendula, may be
safely tried where a stove temperature can be com-
manded. It is of easy growth and flowers freely when
established. James Hudson, Guniiersliury Home
Gardens, Acton, IV.
Peaches an5 Nectarines.
The trees in the early house, which is usually
started in November, should by this time have com-
pleted their growth, and the wood be nearly ripe, and
getting a nice brown-looking colour. If the sashes
have been taken off as directed, the beautiful sunny
weather we have had of late will have done the trees
much good, and they will naturally be preparing to
take their annual rest. Any trees which require root-
pruning or any that it is desirable to move may be
done any time tow.ards the end of September or early
in October, just before the trees lose their leaves, for
this purpose use a mixture of good fibry turf, old
mortar rubble, and wood ashes, keeping the roots
well up to the surface and using plenty of old brick-
bats and rough rubble as drainage. Continue to re-
move all laterals and useless shoots from trees in suc-
cession-houses, which are now ripening their wood
very well indeed, but should we have a change to dull
wet weather they may be assisted with a little fire-
heat, and a free circulation of air. Expose fruit on
trees in late houses, and to any that are taking their
last swelling (or are at all dry) give liberal sup-
plies of manure-water. J. Wallis, Kecle Gardens,
Aug. 2S.
272
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September i, 1S83.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Monday,
Tuesday,
Wedkesday, Sept. s
Thursday, Sept, 6
qpnt 1 S Sales of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens and
^ i -J^ Protheroe & Morris' Rooms-
Sept, 4 — Flower Show at Coventry.
'Sale of Glass Erections and Plants, at
Friday,
Sept, 7
Upper Holloway, by Protheroe & Mo
Sale ol Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Dahlia Show, at Morley Hall, Hackney.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
* Paisley Horticultural Society's Show.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
( Cottagers' Show, at Old Trafford.
Sept. 8 < Sales of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens'
t Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
WE fear that, owing to certain diffi-
culties, which are said to be insur-
mountable, the consummation of a project so
devoutly to be desired as a Great Autumn
Fruit Show is an impossibility at South Ken-
sington this year. But if the Council of the
Royal Horticultural Society are unable to help
themselves at South Kensington, that is the
better reason why a truly representative and
thoroughly instructive exhibition should be
held at Chiswick ! The Society, it is true,
can not expect at Chiswick to attract the
general public in such numbers as to make
such an exhibition a financial success ; but it
exists for a more noble motive than mere money-
making, and what better service can it render
to Horticulture than to afford facilities for a
meeting of practical men interested in the
culture of hardy fruits ?
Though, of course, to some extent desirable,
it is not absolutely necessary that the Council
should issue a schedule of prizes ; what is
wanted, as it seems to us is, that market and
private growers should be invited to contribute
of their stores to the formation of as complete a
collection as possible of Apples and Pears, and
so provide such an opportunity for comparing
notes, determining synonyms, and correcting
nomenclature generally, as owing to the fickle
character of our climate we may not soon
have again. It seems to us that so many
growers would be glad to take advantage of
such an opportunity for acquiring useful infor-
mation that they have only to be informed that
the necessary facilities will be afforded to enter
at once into the spirit of the thing, and ensure
its success from a purely practical point of
view.
No more appropriate place could be found
for holding such a meeting than the large
vinery, and if held in conjunction with a meet-
ing of the Fruit Committee that body would
have such a chance for displaying its usefulness
as seldom falls to its lot, and we may be sure
full advantage would be taken of the circum-
stance. We would also suggest that if such a
meeting is organised, as there is reason to
think that it will be, the Council should endea-
vour to increase the popularity of Chiswick by
throwing the gardens open to practical gar-
deners and fruit growers generally on the
selected day or days, but rigorously excluding
on those particular days the mere exhibition
lounger, so that th real business of the meet-
ing may be carried out uninterruptedly. The
Council of the Society should neglect no oppor-
tunity of carrying out its practical objects, and in
organising such a meeting at Chiswick as we
suggest, it has a splendid opportunity for dis-
tinguishing itself in that direction. The cost
would be little, the advantage great. It would
tend greatly to raise the Society in the estima-
tion of practical gardeners, and if it only served
to bring under notice what are the best and
most profitable varieties to grow under parti-
cular circumstances great good would accrue.
We lay stress on the advantage to practical
men especially, for we fear the time is too short
to develope the scheme in such a way as to be
of general interest, though in truth there are
few subjects of greater national importance than
the supply of good home-grown fruit to the con-
sumer at large.
Vanda teres, — At p. 46 we published a
letter from Mr. Broome, Wood Lawn, Didsbury,
Manchester, respecting an unusually fine specimen of
this lovely Orchid then in bloom in his collection,
Mr. Broome has since very kindly sent us a photo-
graph which Mr. Smith has aiJmirably followed in
the engraving on the opposite page. Mr. B. S. Wil-
liams, who is well acquainted with the plant, thus
writes of it in the last part of the Orc/iid Album :—
" We saw this plant last year, and a most wonderful
old specimen it is. It is trained cylindrically, and
forms a grand massive plant, curious, withal, on
account of its terete dark green climbing stems, thinly
clothed with leaves which are also terete, and of the
same colour. No doubt it is one of the most distinct
looking of Orchids, and one, moreover, that few
growers succeed in Sowering well." The plant, it will
be remembered, bore over 250 flowers.
The International Potato Exhibition.
—The managers of the International Potato Exhibition
have taken a step that will probably exercise an influence
beyond their own charmed circle. The luncheon fol-
lowing upon the judging has acquired some degree of
importance as an enjoyable affair. The ladies have
heard of it, and have asked "Why are we not in-
vited ? " With proper gallantry the committee invite
the ladies, and we hope the example will be followed
whenever it is fairly practicable in the social gather-
ings of horticulturists. For the Potato Show luncheon
at the Crystal Palace on Thursday, the 13th inst.,
tickets will be issued to admit gentlemen at 6s., or
lady and gentleman at los. These charges will
not include wines, which must be ordered and
paid for by the guests at discretion. As a matter of
course the judges will be officially invited.
New Gladioli,— Some truly magnificent
varieties ol these were shown by Messrs, Kelway &
Son, Langport, on Tuesday last, and they afforded
abundant evidence that, notwithstanding the high
degree of excellence to which the Gladiolus has
been brought, a substantial improvement is
still going on. On this occasion First-class
Certificates of Merit were awarded to Lady Cavendish,
lilac-pink, flaked with bright rosy-purple, very fine
form and spike ; Duke of Edinburgh, salmon-red,
slightly flaked with purple, distinct white throat, fine
and striking ; and Sir Trevor Lawrence, pale bright
orange-scarlet, the throat handsomely flamed with
purple— a superb variety. Other fine seedlings were
also forthcoming, and in addition Messrs. Kelway
& Son staged a collection of ninety-six spikes, a
remarkably fine lot, including many leading named
varieties and some fine seedlings. " These were admir-
ably staged in that effective style adopted by Messrs.
Kelway & Son, and it enables the spikes of flowers
to be seen to the very best advantage.
Roses. — Earlier in the summer there was a
wide difference of expression as to this being a good
or a bad Rose season, the opposite conclusions arrived
at by the contending parties being, as such usually
are, the result of evidence resting on nothing more
reliable than observations confined to limited localities.
But, whatever grounds existed for difference of
opinion as to the quality of the early Roses — or, more
correctly speaking, as to the flowers that were produced
in the height of the Rose season— there can be little
question that the later bloom has this year been such
as is seldom seen. Of this there is abundant proof by
the grand flowers shown at the exhibitions that have
taken place through August in a good many of the
best Rose counties, and which have been of such
excellence as is rarely seen so late. Neither has
the fine quality of the flowers been confined to a few
varieties, as many of the best exhibition sorts have
appeared in unusual condition.
Amateur Grape Growing. — In the whole
routine of amateur gardening there is nothing in
which so much gratification is usually felt as in the
production of a good crop of Grapes. In thus speak-
ing of amateurs those are meant who do their garden
work themselves, or with the help of the dig-pig-and-
poultry-man, who may or may not work under direc-
tion. To amateurs of this class there is a continual
accession, not likely to abate, although results by no
means always keep pace with the expectations, espe-
cially in the matter of Grapes, which frequently, so far
as the Vines are concerned, grow well enough, but
with little better outcome than the production ol wood
and leaves. This is oftener than not owing to the
imperfect ripening of the wood. North of the Tweed
there is a trite saying that "You cannot get the
breeches off a Highlandman," the obvious reason of
which is that he has none on. The same may be said
of Vines that have not had their wood ripened the
season before ; all the treatment possible during the
current season cannot get fruit out where it was not
in when the leaves fell the autumn previous ; and
upon the condition in which Vines such as here
spoken of are a few weeks hence will depend the
possibility of their bearing next year. Although now
late to fetch up leeway in the maturing process, still
something may be done by the use of fire-heat, if at
once applied and persevered with so long as the
leaves retain their vitality. There is often an erro-
neous impression entertained by amateurs that plenty
of air will of itself effect the ripening of the wood.
Such by no means is the case. Nothing less than
enough heat will do it, either from the sun or with
fire, or both combined, though plenty of air is an im-
portant accessory, while as to light, however desirable,
it is not so much within our control. It is heat that
our climate is short of for Vines, and after late springs
like the past the deficiency is greatest.
POTATOS. — No doubt the unusually low tem-
perature prevalent through the latter part of July and
beginning of August, whilst the showery weather
lasted that is usually so fatal in favouring the growth
of the Peronospora, saved the bulk of the Potato
crop. For, although there is a good bit of the dis-
ease in the second early kinds, the late crops have
such a generally healthy appearance as rarely seen.
From the sea northwards of Liverpool, right across to
the eastern coast, and through the Midland and
Southem Counties, as also the west as far as
Somerset, the haulm of the late sorts has a fresh green
appearance such as gives promise that the yield will
not only be unusually good, but free from disease to
an extent that has rarely occurred since the disease
first made its appearance. Some of the growers in
Lancashire and Cheshire on the peat soils, where
even when a severe visitation occurs the disease is
much less destructive than on the heavier land, seem
to differ in opinion as to which is the best for them in
a pecuniary point of view, a season when the disease
thins the crop so as to run prices up high, or a season
when there is abundance with low prices. But there
can be no question so far as the growers generally on
the ordinary land throughout the kingdom are con-
cerned, or the public who have to buy this most
indispensable of vegetables, as to which is the best, a
healthy or diseased season,
Asters.— The collection of these shown by
Messrs. Carter & Co. at the last meeting of the
Royal Horticultural Society, was of value, in that it
showed something of the character of the different
types of Asters, and though they were not so finely
developed as could have been desired, yet the value
of certain sorts for pot culture is to a considerable
extent demonstrated. Out of a number of varieties
the most distinct were Truffaut's P<eony-flowered ;
Victoria, crown-flowered, dwarf Chrysanthemum-
flowered, and the dwarf bouquet. These are all
flat-petalled varieties. Then the German quilled were
also present in good form. Considering that all were
grown in pots, it must be characterised as a most
interesting and instructive exhibit. The best varie-
ties for pot culture are the dwarf Chrysanthemum-
flowered and the dwarf bouquet, an exceedingly
useful and free-flowering type of a dwarf-branching,
free-flowering habit,
■ Railway Rates.—" From Folkestone to
London," according to a pamphlet before us,
" Broccoli is charged 20s, per Ion, and Cabbage
15J. per ton ; Beetroot is charged 20s. per ton, and
Fotatos lot. per ton. It has been lately brought to
my knowledge that hundreds of tons of Asparagus
were brought this year from the South of France,
from Italy, and from Spain, and delivered in Covent
Garden Market at a less cost per ton than that of
sending similar Asparagus from one of our own inland
towns. Day by day we hear of the depressed state of
trade, and the difticulties under which our agricul-
turists labour with foreigners. We hear of rents
badly paid, and of no rents at all — of farms even out
of cultivation ; and yet there may be food at one end
of a line of railway wanting mouths, and mouths at
the other end wanting food, and it neither pays to
bring the one to the other, nor the other to the one.
The same argument applies in the case of all food,"
September i, 1883,]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
273
Essex Field Club. — The seventh part of the special behoof of the naturalists. There is, hap- Fruit Wood Ripening. — In those localities
the Transactions of this Club bears testimony to the plly, room enough for all classes— each may enjoy the where drought has prevailed— and there are some
activity of its members and the care of its Editor. I'orest without materially interfering with the pursuits where it has been excessive — the season is presenting
The papers comprise articles on the ancient fauna of of the other. I( the " Arrics and Ilanns" keep within a capital opportunity to enable us next year to note
Essex, the deneholes, the evidences of man'? hand!- t?n minM'eg' wslk pf the pqblic-boqses, as vy? iire told tlie ^("eriiities that may exist between the fruit crops
mm
■'1,1,'
'■m
W-CSm/th.S'-
FlS. 41.— VANDA TERES IN THE COLLECTION OF ,T. BROOME, EIQ. (SEE P. 272.)
work in prehistoric times, &c. The Club has had
during the year to assume the functions of defender of
the Forest, and the opinions of the members are
clearly entitled to the greatest respect. At the same
time it should be remembered that the Forest is in-
tended_for the benefit of the public at large, not for
they do, they do not greatly interfere with the natural-
ists, who naturally betake themselves to more secluded
parts. There is a great deal to be said upon both
sides, and nothing will be gained by exaggerated
statements or by selfish demands on the part of parti-
cular sections of the community.
in those localities and those where there has been an
abundant rainfall. Around the metropolis, for in-
stance, there may now be seen many fine Elms, Limes,
Horse Chestnuts, and other trees, with brown
shrivelled leafage, which is fast falling, or which is for
the moment all aglow with the harvest-hue of gold.
274
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September i, 1883.
That fruit trees in such districts are feeling the pinch
of drought we may be assured, and although the early
summer gave plenty of growth and abundant leafage,
yet now the trees are suffering, and specially so are
those heavily laden with fruits. With such drought
at the roots, and checked wood-growth, there is con-
siderable bud development, and it is not possible to
doubt but that both fruiting wood and bud will be as
firm and as well ripened and matured as well can be.
With these conditions it may be naturally expected
that, with perhaps the exception of heavily laden
Apple trees, all should next year be very productive.
We shall, of course, get the customary trying weather
at blooming time, but bloom from such finely per-
fected buds should be more capable of enduring ex-
posure to unkind elements than should bloom on trees
that are, or have been, rather overdone with moisture.
It is long since such favourable conditions for the
early production of ripe wood and fruit-buds has pre-
vailed, and therefore we may well feel hopeful that,
barring accidents, next year will prove for fruit
growers one far from profitless.
New Carnations. — Mr. Gorton's three
new Carnations, viz., William Skirving, C.B., Tim
Bobbin and Rob Roy, rose flakes, have passed into
the hands of Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, for
distribution. Each and all of them have been awarded
a First-class Certificate by the Carnation and Picotee
Society at South Kensington.
- American Vines.— According to the Vigne
Americaine, the official reporls as to the progress of
the Phylloxera in Fiance all, with the exception of
perhaps two, which are less decisive, speak in praise
of the use of American Vine stocks for grafting as a
means of resisting the Phylloxera. We are compelled,
says our contemporary, to assert that the reports as to
the emplo5ment of insecticides, not only as regards
sulpho-carbonale, but also the sulphide of carbon
itself, are far from satis-Cactory on a large scale.
Underground Stems. — M. Costantin
has been investigating the anatomical differences be-
tween these and above-ground developments. The
principal changes are the great increase in the thick-
ness of the epidermis, which for protection's sake
becomes corky, and not only so, but a new formation
of cork takes place. At the same lime, as there is
not the same necessity for an internal skeleton in the
shape of thickened cells, wood fibres, &c., we find
these organs greatly reduced in underground stems as
compared with aerial ones. Reserve substances, like
starch, are stored up largely in these rhizcmes or
tubers. These results are consonant with what might
have been expected, and they supply one explanation
of the benefits of "earthing up"— in the case, at
least, of Potatos.
Mr. Stevens' Photographs.— At the late
exhibition in Brussels, to which we alluded in our
last issue, Mr. Henry Stevens was awarded a
Silver Medal for his photographic pictures of flowers,
without doubt the most successful reproductions of
the texture of flowers that have yet appeared.
Insecticides and the Vine Louse. —
"Bisulphide of carbon is really efficacious," says a
correspondent of the Vignc Aiiuiicaitie, "when one
has patience to await its results, and when the use of
it is accompanied with theemployment of potassic and
nitrogenous manures. But these results are some-
times not attained until the fourth or fifth year, espe-
cially if the vineyards were severely affected when
first treated. Having employed insecticides for five
or six years, I naturally continue to use them, since I
have been successful, but I cannot cease to regret not
having begun by grafting our best indigenous varieties
on American stocks as adapted to the different soils
which compose my estate of St. Emilion. Certainly
the expense would have been very little greater, and
the result would have been very superior as regards
the production."
Heckfield Place Gardens. — Through
the kindness of Viscount Eversley, the beautiful
gardens of Heckfield will be again open to the public
on Monday next, and for the rest of the week, when
all who may desire to visit one of the loveliest and
best kept places in the kingdom will do well to avail
themselves of the special opportunity. Heckfield
Gardens are, in their waj", a speciality, not only on
accouct of the sirgii!aily beautiful flov.er gardening
there shown, but also because of the unique forma-
tion of the soil and charming surroundings — perhaps
we may, too, add, and not least, because of the
marked and, indeed, almost excessive neatness that
pervades every department. We have also so long
and so honourably associated with the place the taste
and liberality of its noble owner and of its able gar-
dener, Mr. Wildsmith, that there is special reason
for congratulation that neither grand old age on the
one hand, or much physical pain on the other, has
in any way led to the severance of that connection.
We have seen Heckfield Place just recently, and
found it to be as delightful as ever. The terrace
garden shows not a few distinctive features, and is a
lovely whole. The decorative kitchen garden-walk,
bounded on either side by its hedges of Cupressus
Lawsoniana, the which are now being literally faced
with brilliant single Dahlias, is as beautiful as in any
former year ; not least effective in its features are the
small Retinosporas that form such charming dot
plants. As usual, too, all the other departments are
in first-rate keeping. Single Dahlias have been made
to adapt themselves to small beds by early pegging,
with excellent results ; and the Lady Downc's Vines
may still be seen growing in their heads, carrying a
crop with just as much ease and nonchalana as if no
such phenomenon was being exhibited. Old visitors
necessarily get a little Hash, but all new ones in-
variably experience the greatest delight in seeing
Heckfield.
The Vegetation of the Andes. — The
next morning, desiiing to know how high vegetable
life extended, I made the ascent of a part of the moun-
tain (near Chimborazo) by a practicable route, and
I discovered that a Malvacea (Malvastrum) flourished
even under the melting snow, at 4600 metres in alti-
tude, the thermometer being at zero. Ed, Andri\
" Lc Toiir dii Monde" June 30, 18S3, p, 412.
The "Gapes" in Fowls. — M. Pierre
M^gnin's essay on this disease, and the parasitic
worm which causes it, has been published as a
pamphlet by Messrs. West, Newman & Co., together
with an introductory preface from Lord Walsingham
detailing the circumstances under which the essay was
written. The worms inhabit the windpipe of the
bird, and their characteristics and history are given in
these pages. Among the most successful remedies
are Garlic, which kills the worms ; and also a solution
of salicylate of soda, in the proportion of I to 100 of
water.
Irish Agricultural Statistics.— From
the Registrar-General's report on the acreage under
crops in Ireland, we learn that the extent of land
under tillage in 1SS2 was 3,119,184 acres, in 1833 it
is 3,004,313 acres, being a decrease of 114,871 acres.
In Leinster the decrease amounted to 28,972 acres ;
in Munster, to 29,264 acres; in Ulster, to 46,136
acres ; and in Connaught, to 10,499 acres. Compared
with 1SS2 there appears a decrease of 58,022 acres in
the acreage under Wheat ; of 16,436 acres in Oats;
°f 3554 acres in Barley ; of 29 acres in Beans and
Peas ; and of 571 acres in Bere and Rye ; showing a
total decrease of 78,612 acres in the extent under
cereal crops. The acreage under Potatos has de-
creased by 31,254 acres; Cabbage by 1173 acres;
and Carrots, Parsnips, and other green crops, by
79S acres. The extent under Mangel Wurzel and
Beetroot increased by 1592 acres; Turnips by
12,697 acres ; and Vetches and Rape by 226 acres ;
leaving a nett decrease of 18,710 acres in the extent
under green crops. The acreage under Flax in 1882
was 113,484 acres; and in 1883 the extent returned
under this crop is only 95 935 acres, being a de-
crease of 17,549 acres.
• The Nottingham Gardens.— Those who
visited the great provincial show at Nottingham
some years ago, will remember the numerous allot-
ment gardens in the vicinity of that town. They will
bear in mind the glowing accounts then given of
those gardens, and themselves had an opportunity of
seeing how greatly they were appreciated, and what
immemse advantages accrued to the occupiers and to
the town in general from these gardens. Nottingham
in this respect set an example we should like to see
followed in all our towns. Fresh air, wholesome
occupation, and health-giving recreation are more
than ever essential, and so far from curtailing the
opportunities of enjoying these, every cftort should
be made on sanitary and m.oral grounds alone to
extend them. From what we learn, however, there
is some fear that the Nottingham folk may take a
retrograde step, and abolish these useful gardens for
the purpose of making an ornamental park, of course
recouping the expense by building in the neighbourhood.
This might be pardonable in an individual, but cor-
porate authority has to consider the general advantage
of the people in the future, as well as in time present,
and in this matter saliis fopnH suprema lex. Even
looked at from a ratepayer's point of view, it is better
to have a healthy contented population than to have
to pay the penalties which arise from neglected sani-
tary precautions, and a deficiency of pure wholesome
means of recreation. We are not sufficiently con-
versant with local affairs to say anything as to the
compensation to be awarded — or not — to dispossessed
tenants ; we judge the matter from the higher ground
of the general welfare of the people, and trust the
authorities will not commit themselves to a retro-
grade and dangerous policy. We shall have more to
say on another occasion as to the necessity of pro-
viding, not merely parks and promenades in our large
towns, but also means of supplying innocent amuse-
ment, than which for body or mind there is none to
rival gardening.
■ Palava flexuosa is an annual MaWaceous
plant of considerable beauty. It was sent from San
Lorenzo, in Peru, more than thirty years ago, to the
late Sir William Hooker, but apparently soon
afterwards disappeared from cultivation. Some years
ago, however, it was reintroduced by Messrs. Veitch
through their collector, Pearce, and a figure— pre-
pared from material supplied by the firm just men-
tioned—appeared in the Bolanical Magadne, t. 5768.
The flowers measure from i to I3 inch in diameter,
are of a light mauve colour, paler towards the centre,
with the base of the petals and the anthers a blight
red, the lower portion of the sepals being purple, the
rest green. The absence of the outer calyx and the
numerous one-seeded indehiscent carpels furnish
characters by which the species of Palava may be
readily distinguished from their allies amongst the
Mallows. P. flexuosa is well worth growing as a
highly ornamental border plant, of easy cultivation.
Mr. H. B. Elwanger.— The New York Tri-
btme announces the death of the son of Mr. George
Ellwanger, senior partner of the firm of Ell-
wanger & Barry, of the Mount Hope Nurseries,
Rochester. Mr. Ellwanger's death is a matter of
general regret in Rochester, where he was well known
as an accomplished floriculturist. Not long ago he
published an excellent book, The Rose, and an
article on the same flower written by him appeared
in The Century for July.
Maetynia fragrans.— This fine old Mexi-
can greenhouse annual is seldom met with, and we
were all the more delighted to see a large patch of it
at the Portland Road Nurseries of Messrs. Sutton
& Sons, at Reading, a short time since. It was not
to be wondered at that visitors to the nursery asked.
What is it? for its large, deep rose coloured or
crimson flowers were very attractive. In the fine
light warm soil of these nurseries it had made a
vigorous growth, and each plant was well in bloom.
It is treated here as a half-hardy annual ; the seeds
are sown in March in a hotbed, the plants are
gradually hardened off, and planted out in May.
Gardeners of all degrees, who have suitable soil and
space, should endeavour to grow this plant, for it is
worthy a place in the garden.
The Liverpool Horticultural Com-
pany (John Cowan), Limited.— The second annual
general meeting of shareholders of this company was
held on August 23 in the Law Association Rooms,
Liverpool, Mr. W. B. Halhed, Chairman of the
Directors, presiding. The report, which was taken
as read, showed that it covered fifteen months, ending
June 30, for which period the receipts for the sale of
plants, &c., and for contracts for horticultural build-
ings and other similar work, reached the total of
^21,169 \\s. dd. After providing for all contingen-
cies, the amount to the credit of profit and loss was
.^'552 Ij^- 5''. oi' of which £%(>% y. 2d. had been
charged for interest on mortgages and other loans,
leaving a balance of ^587 \os. ^d. The directors did
not propose to declare a dividend for this balance, but
to place it to reserve. The report also dwelt upon the
progressive increase of the business of the company,
and mentioned that as the subscribed capital had
Septemher 1, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
^IS
proved too small for the extension which had taken
place, the directors had resolved, in the exercise
of their powers, to issue debenture bonds for
jTiooo. The Chairman, in moving the adoption of
the report and statement ofaccounts, remarked that they
had carried a considerable sum to revenue, which,
under ordinary circumstances, the directors thought
would have been carried cut by most companies to
credit of protit and loss, and on this account the
protit was considerably less than it would otherwise
have been. There were also items of expenses and
commission out o! which a certain proportion could
very fairly have been put to capital account ; but the
directors had not done so, and in addition to that a
sum required for the maintenance of the property had
also been taken out of revenue. He mentioned that
the directors had been obliged to borrow a large sum
on their own personal security, and he did not think
this was a thing which should go on any longer. They
had, therefore, as stated in the report, decided upon
recommending the issue of debenture bonds for /,'8ooo.
He concluded by moving the adoption of the report
and statement of accounts. Mr. William Oui.ton
seconded the motion, which was unanimously carried,
as was also the re-election of the retiring directors.
Livet/ool A/t'iiitry.
I'ardantiius chinensis. — Salisbury, in
an article "On the Cultivation of Rare Plants, espe-
cially such as have Iteen Introduced since the Death
of Mr. Philip Millek," published in the first
volume of the Tiansattions of the nortiiuUttial
Sodely, thus wiites of this plant :— "I am surprised
not to see this fine exotic more frequently in our
flower borders. Though it grows wild near Bombay,
it most likely extends a good way towards the north,
being so hardy as to endure the keenest frosts of our
climate. In a rich soil it becomes very luxuriant,
and a root planted by me two years ago in some mud
near St. Helens, sent up stems last summer which
measured 5 feet S inches in height." About ninety
years ago a good figure was published in the Botankal
Ma!;az!ne^ tab. 171, where the following information
is giveii : — " In that elaborate and inestimable work,
the Horltis Malahariciis, we have a good figure of the
plant l.ere exhibited ; the author informs us that it
grows spontaneously in India, attaining the height of
5 or 6 feer, and alfecling a sandy soil ; the natives
consider it an antidote to poisons in general, and
regard Ihe bruised root as peculiarly elticaclous in
curing the bite of ihe serpent, called cobra de capello."
At the present d,iy the plant is very far from common
in English garden": ; at Kew, in the new rockery, how-
ever, and in some other establishments — notably in the
Hale Farm Nurseries of Mr. T. S. Ware— the Iris-
like leaves and peculiar spotted flowers attract general
attention (in colour these latter are a rich orange-
yellow, spotted with red-brown or purple) : indeed it
was the leopard-lrke spotting of the flower which sug-
gested the generic name. Is Salisbury correct in
asserting the plant is hardy enough to endure Ihe
keenest frost of our climate ? Perhaps those who
have had an extended acquaintance with this truly
striking and handsome Irid will record their expe-
riences, as a guide to less-favoured cultivators of
choice herbaceous plants.
Reading Horticultural Society. — In
our report of this show, mention should have been
made of a number of boxes of cut show, pompon, and
single Dahlias, Roses, &c., that filled a considerable
space, and greatly helped the exhibition. These
were sent by Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nursery,
Slough, and an extra prize was awarded to them.
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, also contributed
a fine lot of cut spikes of Gladioli, of excellent
quality,
Drought in Morocco. — Consul Pavton,
reporting on the trade and commerce of Mogador
during the year 1SS2, and speaking of the drought
which prevailed in 1SS1-S2, says : — *' The good rains
which fell in December, preparing the soil for plough-
ing and sowing, did not cause so rapid and extensive
an exodus of peasantry from town to country as was
to be desired ; this was owing to the fact Ihat
many of the poor people were so utterly ruined
that they had neither cattle to plough with nor
seeds to sow. Many of those who went out,
and of those who had managed to remain in the
country during the drought, have been subsisting
lately almost entirely upon the ' Terni,' a plant of the
Arum genus. This plant, springing up in great
abundance after the rains, and easily distinguishable
by its large dark green leaves of peculiar shape, has a
root which, after sundry washings and macerations to
remove an acid and poisonous juice, affords a moder-
ately nourishing and wholesome food. It is easily
dug up with a sharp stick ; in some situations even
scratched up by the hands of children. Wild boar
are very fond of it, and root it up assiduously." It is
diliicult to tell what plant is referred to by Consul
Payton, but it possibly may be Arisarum vulgare.
Arctotis leptorhiza is a Cape Composite
worlhy of a place in the herbaceous border. In
habit it resembles a miniature Arctotis acaulis. It
has pinnatifld leaves and Gazania-like flower-heads,
the rays of which are orange-yellow above, and
coppery below. It is at the present moment one of
the most striking Composites in the Kew herbaceous
department.
Cattleya Eldorado splendens.— A fine
spike of ihree flowers of this rare and beautiful Orchid
was brought by Mr. H. Hallantine, gr. to Uaron
SciiRcEDER, The Dell, Egham, for inspection by the
committee of the I-toyal Horticultural Society on
Tuesday last. It was pronounced to be identical with
the plant already certificated under that name, but far
superior to those generally so named in collections.
It came from Sander's importation, which also so
fortunately yielded so many of the white variety. Mr.
Ballantine's specimen had flowers 7 inches across,
of a soft rose tint, the throat of the labellum being
rich orange, and the lower half a bright ruby-red. Its
odour is exactly the same as that of the Honeysuckle.
Cattleya Eldorado and its varieties last quite two
months in bloom, the lasting properties of its flowers
and their delightful perfume rendering it worthy of
every attention.
The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
wetk ending August 27, issued by the Meteorological
Ofiice, London ;— The weather has been dry and
line in all parts of the country. The temperature has
been about equal to the mean in the " Midland Coun-
ties," "Scotland, W.,"and "England, N.W.," but
above it elsewhere, the excess in "Scotland, E.,"
being 4', and in " England, N.E.," and " England,
.S.," 3°. The maxima, which were registered on the
2ist or 26th in England and on various dates in Ire-
land and Scotland, were as high as 82° in " England,
S ," and So° in " England, E." while in other dis-
tricts they ranged from 70° (in "Scotland, W.,")to
78° (in the " Midland Counties "). The minima were
recorded either on the 23d or 24ih, and varied from
41* over the greater part of England to 47'^ in " Ire-
land, S." The rainfall has been considerably less
than the mean in all districts. Bright sunshine shows
an increase in duration in nearly all places, the per-
centages ranging from 60 in " England, S.W.," and
54 in "England, S.," to 36 in "England, N.E.,"
and 29 in " Ireland, N." Depressions observed ; —
During nearly the whole of this week an area of high
pressure has existed over the United Kingdom, while
some depressions have been observed far to the north-
ward and over Scandinavia. Towards the end of the
period, however, depressions approached nearer our
northern and north-western coasts, the high pressure
system at the same lime receding southwards. The
winds during the first few days were very light in
force and rather variable in direction, but generally
south-westerly or westerly in the north, and easterly
or north-easterly in the south ; but as the week pro-
gressed the south-westerly and westerly winds gradu-
ally extended to all parts of the kingdom, and in-
creased somewhat in force.
Callirhoe Papaver. — This is a charming
malvaceous plant, with long-stalked, large, magenta,
white-eyed flowers, and Aconite-like root-leaves. In
company with C. pedata and other showy Mallow-
worts, it is now in flower in the herbaceous depart-
ment at Kew. It was figured many years ago in the
Botanical Mdi^azine, tab. 32S7, under the name of
Nultallia Papaver ; from this work we learn that the
plant was discovered by Drummond in the Southern
United States. From a garden point of view this,
and the curious Sarracenia psittacina, were amongst
the most interesting plants sent home by Drummond
in a living state.
Gardening Appointment. — Mr. Thomas
Bellington, from Vale Royal Gardens, Cheshire,
as Gardener to J. E. Reiss, Esq., Jodrel Hall,
Crewe,
PLANTS IN FLOWER AT KEW.
MuRiNA COULTEKIANA. — We recently saw this
plant for the first lime in a living slate in llie new
rockery at Kew. It h-i*; spinous, toothed, i^lahrous,
Thistle like leave?, and yellow flowers in dense whorls
in the axils of ihe upper short floral leaves. It is a
native of sub-alpine Himalaya from Kashmir to Gur-
whal, where it is found at elevations of from 9000 —
13,000 feet. The pink-flowered M, longifolia,
another Himalayan species, is a decidedly ornamental
plant, but one which is far from being generally
known. The plant is flo^erini^ at Kew, prolnbly for
the first time, having been raised from seeds collected
by Dr. Aitchison in Afghanistan.
GiLiA AOGRF-GATA. — This oldfashioned annual
is far too seldom seen in gardens now-a-da>s.
It has long tubular scarlet flowers, which at first
sight much resemble those of some Bouvardias. It
was introduced to this country in 1S27, by Dougla?,
who forwarded seed from California to the Horti-
cultural Society. There are nearly seventy species of
Cilia represented in the Flora of California alone, and
nearly all of these are desirable garden plants ; com-
paratively few of ihem, however, are in cultivation
in this country. Cilia aggregala, according to the
Flora of California^ does not properly belong to the
genus Cilia at all, but is now placed by the authors
of that work under Collomia,
Mandevii.la suaveolens. — Under the name
of Chili Jasmine this handsome Dog-bane was
introduced to this country many y^ars ago. It is a
charming climber, with large pure white sweetly
scented blossoms. For cool conservatory work, or
even in an unhealed corridor, it makes a beautiful
rafter plant, and there are no doubt many places
where with but little shelter it would flourish in the
open air in this country. If those who have succeeded
wi[h it under these conditions would record their
experience it would be interesting to a goodly number
of readers of the Garikncrs' Chronick,
Rosa multii-lora. — Of late single Roses and
the truly wild species of the queen of flowers have
occupied the attention of many plant lovers, and
several have won for themselves honourable places in
well ordered gardens. The subject for the present
note is a vigorous climber, and in favourable places a
very free- flowering one. In colour the blossoms are
a rich rosy-red. In the Rose colleclion at Kew R.
multiflora, although under anything but the most
favourable conditions, his flowered well during the
present season. Has any reader of the Gardeners'
Chioniclc the double-flowered form figured in the
Botanical A/a^^azine, t. 1059? R. multiflora is a
native of Japan,
EaRYALE FEROX.— Since the introduction of the
Victoria regia this noble plant has lost its title of
" Queen of ihe Water Lilies ;" and, notwithstanding
it does not attain to the colossal dimensions of the
latter, nor produce such massive and conspicuous
flowers, yet it is a subject that well repays the trouble
of cultivating for its foliage alone. The leaves on
well grown plants would measure 3 feet across, and
are stated to exceed that at times. As they lie on the
surface of the water the eye fails to catch the beauty
of the purple underside and spiny nerves, but the
upper surface is also armed with strong scattered
spines that project at right angles from the leaf. The
flowers are comparatively small, of a violet-purple
colour, but rendered interesting by the four-parted
spiny calyx, which more resembles a Composite than
a member of the N)mphxi family. Both this and
the Victoria regia are flowering in the Victoria tank
at Kew, and the former is figured in the Botanical
Jlfagazinc^ 1447-
LouREA VESPERTiLiONis. — Curious as well as
ornamental, this singular-looking member of the Pea
family possesses an attraclion of its own which is
to be looked for, not in the small white flowers
which are produced in terminal racemes, but in
the anomalous character of the leaflets. These are
transversely oblong, that is to say, much broader
than long, and being produced in pairs, and
connate by their bases, diverge horizontally at
right angles to the petiole. This peculiar charac-
teristic, combined with the grey markings on their
upper surface, serves to individualise the plant, and
invest it with that interest fostered by neatness of
276
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September i, 1883.
habit and well-defined outline. Few species are
known, and probably fewer cultivated. The present
one inhabits Ceylon and other islands of the Indian
Archipelago, flowering specimens of which are to be
seen in the stove at Kew.
RUBUs PHCENicOLASius. — A large specimen of
this curious Japanese Bramble is a conspicuous and
unique-looking subject amidst the surrounding and
varied occupants of the winter garden at Kew. Whe-
ther in flower or not, the ample foliage marks it out
as a Bramble, but so diiferent in general appearance
from most others that its admission into a cool-house
is a desirable one, and where it can be trained to a
pillar or support of the house, with plenty of light, its
houseroom will not be wasted. The pink flowers
produced in short close panicles terminating the
laterals, are succeeded by small but deep scarlet
coloured fruit. Those flowers that prove abortive are
none the less interesting than those that bear fruit,
from the fact of the calyx being covered with purple
gland-tipped hairs. When fruit is produced the
calyx segments are reflexed, but where this does not
happen the segments stand erect, and show off the
purple glandular hairs to advantage, and with curious
effect.
Cacalia coccinea. — This fine old Composite
still meets with some favour in gardens, a recogni-
tion which its merits justly deserve for the deep
orange-scarlet colour of its discoid flower-heads, a
colour which is remarkably rare in an order where
purple and yellow are so prevalent. A very near
approach to this we find in Hieracium aurantiacum,
with this exception, that the florets of the former are
all tubular, while in the latter they are ligulate.
Moreover, being of annual duration, and of free
branching habit, there is a greater production of
flowers from a given area of ground, and if not too
thickly sown they will last in gay condition for a con-
siderable time. The corymbose clusters of flower-
heads are borne well above the foliage, and would
answer well amongst cut flowers, where the bright
colour would stand out in bold relief amongst other
subjects of a paler hue.
GUSTAVIA GRACILLIMA is, without doubt, an ex-
ceedingly handsome stove plant. It was discovered
in the United States of Columbia by M. RoezI,
and by him sent to IVIr. Bull, who distributed
the plant some few years ago. In Mr. Bull's Cata-
logue, where a figure and description appeared,
it is truly stated to be one of the grandest and most
remarkable flowering plants of recent introduction.
It has a smooth slender woody stem, clothed with
elongate linear-lanceolate acuminate leaves, undulate
and sharply serrated on the margin. The flowers
grow from the axils of the leaves in the young plants,
and from the older leafless parts of the trunk in older
ones ; they are solitary or in pairs, 4 inches in
diameter, of a charming rose colour, consisting of
eight obovate oblong petals, with the yellow incurved
staminal tube, bearing numerous densely packed
purple anthers in a ring an inch or more across. G.
gracillima is now flowering in the Victoria-house at
Kew ; it was figured in the Botanical Magazine,
tab. 6151. All the Gustavias are handsome plants,
but very few are in cultivation ; their principal draw-
back is the fugacious character of the flowers, but
the great beauty and large size of these go far to make
up for the deficiency in the length of time which they
last.
Verbena pulchella. — This is a South Ameri-
can species, with pretty pinnatifid leaves and rose-
purple flowers. It is a free-growing and free-flower-
ing border plant, and will do well in any light,
well-drained soil. No doubt this has played its part
in the production of some of the splendid garden
varieties which, by the large size of their flowers and
their rich and varied colouring, form such an attractive
feature at some exhibitions. It, however, possesses
an advantage over these highly-bred varieties in being
able to hold its own and do well with little or no
attention. Now blooming in the herbaceous collec-
tion at Kew.
OXALIS LUTEOLA. — Few species of Oxalis are
prettier than O. luteola, some well-flowered pots
of which are now to be seen in the Cape-house at
Kew. It is a neat growing plant, about 3 inches in
height, with a profusion of charming orange-yellow
blossoms.
j4o]VIE fJoRREgPOI^tDEJMCE:.
Hybridising Campanulas. — Having now had a
pretty extensive experience in hybridising this tribe I
willingly contribute so much as will remove your cor-
respondents' difficulties. The great mistake they seem
to have made has been in deferring their operation
till the bloom has expanded. This must not be done.
Take your bloom ere it be even half open. Gently
divest it, then, ot all the corolla, and you will find
the anthers adhering en masse to the central style.
Take, then, say a quill or silver toothpick and gently
insert it in behind the anthers at the lower part, and
remove them all round ; at this stage the pollen,
being damp, does not escape, as it will do if
the flower were farther advanced. Were the anthers
at all open it will escape on the slightest touch, and
self-fertilisation follow. This is the trouble all
beginners have to contend with. If the care I suggest
be taken the Campanula is one of the easiest flowers
to cross. I began among the smaller forms of the
genus, e.g., C. pumila, C. pulla, C. Waldsteini, C,
Portenschlagiana, or some such name, &c., and their
progeny is now all over my rockery, and I have no
more ornamental things upon it. But mere change
of colour or habit is not all that can be done here.
You may change, say a biennial into a perennial
flower ; for example, I have now in bloom the
progeny of a Canterbury Bell crossed by C. Allioni —
a perennial, and I have plants (perennials) raised
from its seeds. There is much room in the tribe for
showing what can be done in many ways. The names
of those making inquiries satisfy me that they are in
the field who can do much in various ways. /. A.-H.
The Palm Veitchia Joannis. — There appears
to exist a little uncertainty in regard to the exact posi-
tion of the plant recently introduced by Mr. Vuyle-
stecke and distributed by him under the above name.
Palms in a young state are exceedingly difficult to
distinguish from each other, and especially may this
be said of the Ptychospermas and Veitchias from Fiji.
No doubt Mr. Wendland, who is, I believe, respon-
sible for the above name, possessed sufficient material
to enable him to name Mr. Vuylstecke's plants with
some certainty, and it is likely that as they get larger
they will develope foliar characters by which they
may be distinguished from their allies, the Ptycho-
spermas, to which in a small state they bear a very
close resemblance. In the Kew collection there are
two species of the Fijian Ptychospermas — viz., P.
Seemanni and P. filifera — and also a plant of Mr,
Vuylestecke's Veitchia Joannis. In addition to these
there are several plants recently received from Fiji as
a species of Ptychosperma which are to all appearance
identical with Mr. Vuylestecke's plant. In nervation
and texture of leaf segments, form and length of
petiole and sheath, and habit, there is nothing to
choose by in any of these plants, the only differences
being the purple petiole and rachis of the Veitchia
and the slightly less crowded leaf-segments of P.
filifera. With regard to P. Seemanni, or rather the
plant generally grown under that name, I believe Mr.
Wendland is doubtful of its being the true plant,
although perhaps in its present state it is almost
impossible to decide what the plant is. That it is a
common plant in Fiji appears pretty evident from the
frequency of its arriving at Kew from thence, and it
may be that Home mistook this plant for Kentia
exorrhiza, and Seeraann for Veitchia Joannis. It will
be seen that the principal difference between the
Veitchia and the Ptychosperma is its purple petiole
and rachis — that is, so far as we can tell from culti-
vated plants — and for horticultural purposes such a
character may be sufficient. The illustration given
at p. 205 is faithful enough, with the exception of
what appears to be meant for spines represented on
the petiole. There are no spines on the stems of
either Veitchia or Ptychosperma. There is, however,
a layer of fibry scales matted or interwoven together,
which, along with a greyish floury substance, cover
the petiole and rachis and the portion of the stem just
beneath the foliage. In a reduced figure, such as the
one referred to, these substances would not be dis-
cernible. In larger specimens the scales and tomen-
tum become separated into rings and patches, which
give the stem a zebra-like marking similar to what
one sees in Dracontiums. It may be well to men-
tion here that the plant known in gardens as
Ptychosperma Alexandra is not a true Ptychosperma,
and is now referred to Archontophcenix Cunning-
hami, and that the plant grown as Veitchia Canter-
buryana is a true Hedyscepe, and not a Veitchia at
all. All the true Veitchias and Ptychospermas have
leaf segments with truncate, jagged ends, not unlike
a fish's tail, whilst those of the two plants mentioned
above terminate in an acute or acuminate point. For
the successful cultivation of these Fijian Palms plenty
of heat and moisture are requisite, and even then with
every attention they sometimes get into a weak and
unthrifty state. For the specialist these Palms are of
more than ordinary interest, but for general garden
purposes their somewhat " miffy " nature will be a
point against them. W. Watson, Kr^u, August 22.
The London Parks. — Although carpet bedding,
as it is termed, has been much decried, the rich pat-
terns of colour, worked out by the arrangement of
living plants, have many admirers, as may be seen
any fine day now by those visiting the London parks,
where there are crowds of people, most of whom seem
to take the deepest interest in the beds, which they
appear to regard as works of art, and criticise them
accordingly. Country gardeners look on and envy
those in charge of the great resources they have,
especially in the supply of water, and the ease
with which it may be used in quantity, as by its
aid almost anything may be done, but there
are few places where there are mains with pipes
and hose to keep plants washed, and give them a
good soak when they require it. The carpet beds
have been so often described, and woodcuts given to
show tbe arrangement, that it is unnecessary to allude
to them further now, except it may be to say they are
quite up to, if they do not surpass, their usual stand-
ard of beauty and keep. The staple plants in use to
furnish and form these carpet beds are Alternan-
thera paronychioides, magnifica, and aurea, which
are chiefly relied on to give the bright colours ; and
Sedums of different kinds, Mentha Pulegium gibral-
tarica, Spergula aurea, and Golden Feather Pyrethrum
the ground. Among the mixed beds some of the
most telling are composed as follows : — Viola Blue
Bell, dotted with Lobelia cardinalis, and edged
with yellow-leaved Fuchsia Golden Treasure. A
better contrast than that just named was the Lobelia
cardinalis, standing out from among a variegated Pe-
largonium named Rosamond Wright, banded with
blue Lobelia, and edged with Euonymus radicans
variegata. Abutilon Thomsoni interspersed among
the good old Verbena venosa, showed a pleasing com-
bination of colour, as did also a bed composed of
Lobelia cardinalis, and little bushes of Fuchsias
Sunray and Golden Treasure standing out from a car-
peting of the large bright yellow-flowered Gazania
splendens. The most noteworthy among the Pelar-
goniums are Henri Jacoby, a very rich dark
crimson ; Dr. Rawson, also after the same style ; and
Portia, having a similar rich glow in the petals.
Taking the pink sorts. Lady Bally is the most desir-
able ; and Lucy and Triomphe, the latter belonging to
the nosegay section, are also good. A bed of Phlox
Drummondi was most charming, the trusses of flowers
and the individual blooms being not only very large,
but beautifully marked and most varied in colour.
The most effective and natural piece of ornamentation
in Hyde Park is that at the head of the pond on each
side of the waterfall, where many plants of the big-
leaved Abyssinian Banana, Tree Ferns, and Palms are
dropped in among the shrubs, from which they stand
out in bold relief and impart a truly noble and
tropical appearance to the part in which they are
placed. A few Bamboos and other hardy plants of
that character would be just at home there too, and the
wonder is that they are not more used, as they give no
trouble like the tender subjects that have to be moved
out and in. Although the trees are not over-flourish-
ing in Hyde Park, it is gratifying to see them doing so
well in Battersea, Victoria, and Finsbury, where they
look remarkably healthy and are growing very fast,
especially in Battersea, and the avenue of Poplars in
Finsbury, which before many years will be fine. The
Planes on the Thames Embankment are equally satis-
factory, but they are too thick, and would_ now well
afford every other one being taken out, as itis a pity
to cut any of them in to restrict them in size. The
site for the Rhododendrons in Finsbury has been well
chosen, as they are below the level of the New River,
where the soil is moist and cool, and they are now in
the most luxuriant health, with their shoots well
studded with buds. J. S.
Lilium auratum.— Before Mr. Wolley Dod quite
makes up his mind about the disadvantages of grow-
ing L. auratum in full sun {vide impression of
August iS), I should like to refer him to an old
number of the Gardeners' Chronicle. I remember the
idea being discountenanced by one of your corre-
spondents, and I thought his opinion must needs be
accepted. In the very next number, however, of the
Gardeners' Chronicle, or nearly so (if I were at home
I think I could lay my hand on the passage), a
traveller described, at some length, his experiences in
Japan. One thing he saw was L. auratum growing
in the open fields. After this I confess I went back
to my former notion, wrong though it may still be. I
am thankful to say that, excepting what I have heard
from Mr. Wolley Dod, I do not know what spot on
Lilium auratum is. H. Ewbank,
Rubus Leesii and Mr. Culverwell's " Hybrid "
Raspberry. — Mr. Culverwell does not seem dis-
posed to accept Dr. Focke's view of what he himself
is persuaded is a hybrid between the Raspberry and
Strawberry ; and he forwarded specimens of more
than one of the seedlings, to the Editor of the Gar-
September i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
277
deners* Chronicle^ in proof of the statements in his first
communication on this subject. These specimens were
placed in my hands, and I have very carefully com-
pared them with numerous specimens of varieties of
the Raspberry in Kew herbarium. Mr. Culverwell is
well known as a successful hybridiser, and he will be
able to say whether his mode of procedure in the
present instance was sufticient to exclude the pos-
sibility of any other pollen than that conveyed by
himself, to reach the stigmas of the Raspberry flowers.
Perhaps I may not succeed in convincing Mr Culver-
well that he was mistaken in supposing that he effected
the cross, for, as he states, the foliage in some respects
is more like that of the Strawberry than that of the
normal form of the Raspberry; but I will set down
the facts bearing on my investigation of the matter.
In the first place I may mention that Dr. Focke is one
of the highest authorities on all that concerns the
genus Rubus, while at the same time he knows per-
haps as much, or more than any man living of
hybridisation and hybrids, being the author of the
most exhaustive work in existence on hybrids, natural
and artificial. Therefore his suggestion that the
seedlings in question were the same thing as Rubus
Leesii, was not merely a random shot ; moreover, the
specimens sent by Mr. Culverwell prove that he was
tight. I have never actually collected Rubus Leesii
myself, but I showed the fresh specimens to Mr.
J. G. Baker and the Rev. W. \V. Newbold, both of
whom have collected it, and they at once recognised
it. Whatever the origin of these seedlings, they
are undoubtedly exactly the same as wild individuals
of Rubus Leesii, of which the older and more
appropriate name is Rubus Id^eus var. anomalus.
It was published under the latter name by
Arrhenius of Upsala, in 1S40, from a specimen
found in Sweden. In 1S47 Professor Babington, un-
aware of its previous publication, named it R. Leesii,
and published a brief description of it in Steele's
Handbook of Field Botany, It was founded upon a
specimen, destitute of flowers and fruit, discovered by
Mr. Lees, near Brendon, Devon. The foliage being
so very different from any other species it was
assumed to be an undescribed one. It has since
been found at Dunster, in Somersetshire. Mr. Lees
has also found it in Westmoreland, and there is a
specimen in the Kew Herbarium, from near Warwick,
collected by Mr. H. Bromwich, Burchell, the
African and Brazilian traveller, cultivated it in his
garden, in 1846, and the specimen he preserved is
labelled "Rubus Idseus var. monslrosus." The last
is quite destitute of prickles, except on the flowering
branchlets. The only Continental specimens that I
have seen are from Christiania, but Focke records it
from Freiburg and Bromburg in Germany, and further
states that it occurs here and there in Scandinavia,
Holland, and England. That it is a degenerate
form of the Raspberry there can be little doubt —
similar degenerate forms are not altogether rare
in the vegetable kingdom. Boswell Syme, how-
ever {English Botany, iii., p. 162), states his opinion
that it may be a hybrid form (without giving its
probable parentage), but he did not think it probable
that it was a variety of R. Idoeus. Focke, who, as
we have already mentioned, has made a special study
of both Rubi and hybrids, treats it as being unques-
tionably a form of the Raspberry. Here follows a
translation of what he says respecting it in his Synop-
sis Riihro) mn Gerinaniir, Die Dcutsthen Brombeer-
arten : — " This highly curious plant has at first sight
so little resemblance to R. Idaeus, especially in the
shape of the leaves, that I have found it in herbaria
under the most diverse names, and frequently asso-
ciated with the Indian species. The lowermost leaves
of the canes are simple, reniform, coarsely toothed,
and often lobed ; the others of three leaflets, which are
broad and overlap each other. Central leaflet very
shortly stalked, the lateral ones sessile. Leaves of
the flowering branches usually all simple, reniform,
coarsely toothed, and sometimes lobed. Inflorescence
remarkably long and loose. Carpels as a rule not
closed, and the ovules consequently drying up after
fertilisation. Solitary pips now and then ripen (in
these, of course, the carpels are closed). It begins to
flower in my garden regularly several days before the
earliest sorts of the typical Raspberry. The R. Idceus
anomalus appears to be the analogue of Fragaria
monophylla and Fraxinus monophylla, which occur
equally scattered. But the peculiar sterility of our
Raspberry is apparently not repeated in any of those
formes monophylhi. Lately I have extended my
plantation of it in order to have a better chance of
obtaining good seed ; I should like to try to raise the
plant from seed." It seems from Dr. Focke's com-
munication, that he has since succeeded in raising it
from seed. On the authority of Boswell Syme, Mr.
Lees, the original discoverer of the plant in this
country, had only once found fruit ; and Professor
Babington had seen fine drupes on cultivated plants,
but they had no seeds in them. In conclusion I may
mention a form, intermediate in some respects
between the typical Raspberry and our plant. It was
collected by Mr, Duthie, and sent with the following
particulars ; — " The enclosed bit of Rubus is from a
damp wood in Ham Ponds, near Sandwich, Kentt
Its fruit proved it to be unmistakably R. Idapus, but
we were struck with its want of spines. The leaf
looks like that of the var. Leesii." This specimen
shows simple leaves, leaves of three leaflets, and
pinnate leaves of five leaflets, like those of the
ordinary Raspberry. Of course Mr. Culverwell may
reply, Why are the wild plants not hybrids between
the Raspberry and Strawberry? Well, I suppose
nobody can be certain that the pollen of the Straw-
berry has had nothing to do with their parentage. It
has been suggested to me that although there is no
blending of the main characteristics of the two plants,
it does not follow that there is no intermixture at all.
It is singular that the same form, whatever its origin,
should appear in a number of very distant localities,
W. B, Hcmsley.
Small Peaches and Nectarines, — Although
there appears to be a full crop of these outdoors in
most places, the fruit is small, and in many cases
deformed, showing clearly that it was pinched by
frost or cold, at or soon after the setting period,
which has checked the swelling, or, judging from the
very healthy state of the trees, it would have been
much larger, as there has been plenty of wet for the
roots, and we have been watering freely since the
hot dry weather set in. Wc shall now discontinue
doing this till after the fruit is gathered, when the
trees will need further assistance to help them push
up and develope their buds, on which a good crop
next season in a great measure depends. To afford
the wood every chance of ripening, we generally go
over the walls and cut out all shoots not required for
another year, by doing which air, light, and sun are
let in, and under the influence of these agencies the
bark assumes a fine nutty brown, and the wood
becomes thoroughly hard and mature. If red-spider
puts in an appearance, the only remedy is the garden
engine, as by its aid a force of water may be injected,
that will either wash the insects off, or so break up
their webs that they can be prevented from doing
much mischief, especially if the bath is frequent and
cold, to which they seem to have the strongest objec-
tion. J. S.
The Uses of Lilies. — In this country the nume-
rous species of the beautiful genus Lilium are grown
solely for ornamental purposes, no practical use being
made of any of them, so far as I am aware, beyond
that of preserving the petals, and sometimes the bulb-
scales of the white Lily (Lilium candidum) in brandy,
to be used as a remedy for sore places, wounds, &c.,
one or more of the petals or bulb-scales being taken
out of the brandy and laid upon the wound, and held
there by a bandage. This is considered in some coun-
try places to be a very effectual remedy, though it is
doubtful if there is much, if any, medicinal virtue in
the Lily petals themselves ; they probably only serve
to prevent dust and dirt getting into the wound, whilst
the brandy acts upon it, or, in other words, are an
excellent means of applying brandy to an injured
place. But among the Japanese the Lilies are im-
portant plants, being much used for food, according
to Professor Penhallow, who gives the following
interesting account of their uses in the American
Naturalist, vol. xvi., p. II9 : — ■"Various species of
Lilium abound throughout the forests, and all those
which furnish a sufficiently large bulb are utilised as
a source of farinaceous food. Early in autumn the
women may be seen returning to their villages loaded
with bulbs. These are thoroughly crushed in a large
wooden mortar, after which the starch is separated
from the cellular mass by repeated washing. The
former is then dried and hung up in bags for winter use,
while the latter is dried in round, perforated cakes,
somewhat resembling miniature mill-stones, and hung
up to dry. Later, it serves as food for the Aino, and
for the caged bears which are generally to be met with
wherever there is a small settlement. The Japanese
hold the Lily bulbs, as a source of farinaceous food,
in great esteem, and the demand for them is so great,
that they are cultivated (L. bulbiferum) in large
quantities, and form one of the prominent farm pro-
ducts to be seen in the market. The bulbs are simply
boiled and eaten as Potatos would be. From personal
experience we are able to certify as to their qualities.
It is somewhat more difficult, however, to give testi-
mony bearing upon the flavour and desirable qualities
of flowers and buds from various species of Uemero-
callis. In certain sections of the island, particularly
on the pumice formation of the east coast, these plants
are particularly abundant, and at the time of blossom-
ing the fields for miles along the road on either side
are an almost uniform golden-yellow. At such a time
the Aino women may be seen busily engaged gather-
ing the flowers, which they take home and dry or
pickle in salt. They are afterwards used in soups.
I have been told that the Japanese make a similar
use of them, but probably only to a very limited
extent." N. E. Brotrnt^
Greenhouse Plants Outside.— The heading of
this note was suggested by a hurried walk through
the pleasure grounds at Appley Towers, Isle of
Wight, a few days ago. In all probability there is
no other private garden in England where such a
varied collection of greenhouse and conservatory
plants may be seen growing outside, exposed to the
vicissitudes of our variable climate from one year's
end to the another. One of the first plants which
attracted our attention— and bearing evidence, if such
were needed— of the mild climate of Ryde, was Trache-
lospermum jasminoides ; this is growing on a south
wall, and notwithstanding its having been somewhat
"hard hit " by the severe winters of lS8o-i-2. It
is now flowering most profusely, and appears to be
quite at home in its present quarters. A few yards
further on and we come to Lapagerias rosea and
alba, these, however, it is only fair to slate, look as
if they would be better inside a glass structure of
some kind ; still, in their present abode they cover a
space of probably 100 square feet. Wending our
way across the lawn, and we see on the right a clump
of plants and shrubs which attracts our attention for
a few minutes; here, at one end, is a large plant of
Phormium tenax, and at the other end a massive
piece of that pretty and handsome leaved Melianthus
major. Evidently this has been here some con-
siderable time, and bids defiance to all kinds of
weathers. Close by there are some very fine speci-
mens of Dracaena indivisa, which, judging by their
appearance, are doubtless twenty or thirty years old ;
Aralia papyrilera, Camphora officinalis. Camphor
tree, and many other interesting trees and shrubs
too numerous to mention, are growing in this
portion of the grounds. Benthamia fragifera.
Strawberry tree, is carrying a good crop of its interest-
ing and peculiar-shaped fruit, which at the time of our
visit were about the size of a small Walnut. Passing
the orangery, and through a portion of the flower
garden, we are soon in the midst of many other
plants and shrubs which usually receive greenhouse
treatment. Of Camellias there are here some mag-
nificent specimens, which when in flower must be
simply grand ; on the other side of a gravel path near
to where we are may be seen a fine bed or clump of
different varieties nf Azalea indicaand A. amcena, all
looking in the best possible health, as also were
Habrothamnus elegans and Agapanthus umbellatus,
both of which were in flower. To mention all the
plants and shrubs of a like nature to the above to be
seen growing outside this place would take up too
much of your valuable space, and would convey but a
very inadequate idea of these charming and delight-
fully situated grounds ; suffice it to say, than an
enthusiast will see much both to interest him and to
learn. 7- //.
New Melons.— These seem to multiply year
after year wonderfully fast, but good hardy frame sorts
that you can depend on are not so plentiful. I try
most of them in their turn, and after two years' trial
with the High Cross Hybrid, sent out by the Messrs.
Veitch some two years since, I can safely say I find
none to equal it for hardiness, a good setter, and,
what is more, every Melon can be eaten, and that
is more than I can say of many other sorts grown
in frames in the past dull seasons. We have now a
frame of that sort just coming in, with the foliage
as good as a Vegetable Marrow. Those who have
only frames to grow Melons in would do well to
grow this sort another year. lVilliaf?i Culverwell,
The Zittau Onion. — At p. 215 you speak of
Continental Onions, and mention the Zittau Yellow
Giant as a strain of Messrs. Vilmorin & Co., of Paris,
and newly introduced by this firm. This is a mistake.
This sort is a very old Onion, largely grown by the
gardeners of Zittau, a small town in the kingdom of
Saxony, where Onions and most other vegetables are
largely cultivated, and there the market gardeners
gradually brought Iheir strains of Onions to great per-
fection, and named it the Zittau Giant Onion (Gelbe
Zittauer-Riesen-Zwichel). This Onion is no doubt
of German origin. D. H, [We stated at p. 215 that
the three varieties commented upon were of " Conti-
nental origin, "and that they had been sent to Chiswick
for trial by the Messrs, Vilmorin — nothing more.
Ed.]
Three Interesting Plants. — The collection of
plants made in Socotra, by Dr. Balfour, has yielded,
as might have been expected, a large percentage of
novelties, and many very interesting and curious
plants are among them ; but of them all the three here
briefly noted may perhaps be considered as the most
interesting. The first in point of interest is a wild
species of Punica (P. protopunica), which may possibly
be the original wild form of the cultivated Pomegra-
nate ; it departs in structure from the ordinary Pome-
granate in having a superior ovary with but one series
of carpels, instead of an inferior ovary with two super-
posed series. It is Dr. Balfour's intention to write a
complete account of this interesting discovery. The
second plant is one of great botanical interest, inas-
much as, besides being a new species, and constituting
a new monotypic genus, it is not unlikely to also
constitute a new natural order, as its structure is so
anomalous that it cannot satisfactorily be referred
278
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
fSEPTEMliER I, 1883.
to any of the orders as they at present stand. The
plant is certainly not much to look at, being a dwarf
densely cjespitose woody perennial about 2 inches
high, liaving the flowers and fruit partly hidden
among the narrow alternate leaves; it has a gamo*
petalous corolla with four stamens, and a bilobed
compressed fruit somethinf; like that of Veronica
officinalis, which contains but one exalbuminous seed,
with an embryo folded just like that of a cruciferous
plant ! It has not yet been decided where this
remarkable and anomalous plant should be located in
the system. The third of this trio is a very curious
member of the Cucurbitacece. being the only arbores-
cent plant in that order hitherto discovered, having
a short very thick succulent trunk, with a few
branches at the top, bearing palmately-lobed rough
leaves, and paniculate cucurbitaceous flowers. It
has been described by Dr. Balfour as Dendrosicyos
socotrana. N, E. Broivn.
Dry Weather Flowers.— Nothing can be better
than the way in which some annuals behave through
the remarkable spell of drought we have been suffer-
ing from here. I may preface what I have to say
ab"T' hem by first staling that the soil in this locality
is 01 inat clayey texture that whilst in winter it retains
moisture even to saturation, and is then of the con-
sistency of brick clay, in hot dry weather it bakes and
burns, cracks and lumps in the most troublesome way,
and I am often astonished that in such a season as the
present things exist at all. Here, in West Middlesex,
we have had for months but the merest sprinkle of
rain, with one notable exception, when it came down
for a short time with terrible earnestness ; but falls of
that kind usually do more harm than good. Well,
amidst the scorching and baking drought nothing
could be gayer than are the striped single Petunias.
They are glorious, and should be grown as a
mass bed in every garden. Then the dwarf
French Marigolds, yellow, orange, chestnut, striped,
and other colours, are flowering grandly — really,
nothing can surpass them for floriferousness and
brilliancy ; they are most at home in the heat. An-
tirrhinums from spring-sown seed are giving a beau-
tiful show, and these will bloom for a long lime,
giving beauty that those who have seen the Snap-
dragon in a big mass only can realise. Dwarf
Nasturtiums of the compactum section — yellow,
scarlet, crimson, and maroon, are very beautiful ;
they like a dry soil and scorching sunshine beyond
all other things. Mignonette is not a showy flower,
but it gives us a very beautiful mass of bloom none
the less, and on a big patch the bees hover and
gather sweets by tens of thousands. Bee-masters
should grow Mignonette largely for autumn feeding.
Single crimson Dianthuses thrive and bloom superbly
in the heat ; so also do the rose and orange Esch-
scholtzias ; and not the least valuable feature of the
things named is that they all bloom continuously till
autumn becomes winter. A. D.
Jlcnista' fkui^rs.
The Chrysanthemum. — Those of us who have
^rown this plant for many years, have had an oppor-
tunity to observe the influence which ditTerent classes
of seasons have upon it. A cold season up to July
does not seem to have an injurious efl'ect upon the
character of the bloom if July is followed by a warm
August. We had an apparently unfavourable season,
but it has been followed by warm, dry weather in
August, and the plants look as promising as I have
ever seen them. Those that we have grown to pro-
duce large blooms are strong, and furnished with
healthy leaves to the base. Trained specimens, when
ordinary care has been bestowed upon them, are
looking equally well. In how many gardens — with
the exception of those where plants are grown to pro-
duce exhibition blooms — is the Chrysanthemum grown
with even ordinary care ? In August the plants
ought to have filled their flowering pots with roots,
and by the end of the month the flower-buds will be
formed. This is a critical period in the life of any
flowering plant, and for that reason it is so important
that August should be a warm month. It causes the
flower-buds to set freely, and also to set well. Two
perfect flower-buds cannot produce perfect blooms.
I see that some growers recommend feeding Chrysan-
themums with manure-water long before the buds are
formed. I have never done this, nor can I see any
good reason for doing so. The plants always grow
strong enough up to the time the buds arc formed ;
indeed in some cases, such as those plant; intended
to produce large blooms, they grow too strong, so
that, unless we are vigilant and watch the first for-
mation of the buds, we find about three growths will
start out from the base of each bud, and if these are
not removed the bud will go behind ; a physiological
fact that clearly demonstrates excess of vigour. When
the buds are well set on any of the plants manure-
water must be applied with judgment, for alihough
our present subject is a gross feeder, and will take
larger supplies of rich food than any other pot plant
known to me, it may not unlikely get too much of it.
Guano-water is easily applied, and answers as well as
any other. The plants should after this time be
placed in a very open exposure- We are usually
obliged for want of space to crowd our plants
into small compass up to the end of July, but after
that time they ought to be well exposed. Usually
one of the quarters in the kitchen garden that has
been cleared of Potatos, or some such crop, may be
available for the plan's. Each pot should stand on
two bricks — the bricks are laid parallel to each other,
and 2 or 3 inches apart. The holes in the bottom
of the pots come between the bricks, and the air
circulates freely underneath. Of course we presume
that the plants are quite free from greenfly, and pre-
sently, as the nights grow longer and colder, the most
troublesome pest of all, mildew, appears. If it is not
destroyed at once, by dusting with sulphur, it soon
spoils the gloss of the fresh green foliage and destroys
it altogether in parts. It spreads most rapidly after
the plants are taken inside. We begin to dust the
leaves on its first appearance, and moving the plants
inside gives us an opportunity to dust the whole col-
lection, clean and unclean. 7*. Douglas^ Great Gearia,
Il/oi-J.
Carnations and Picotees. — " An Old Sub-
scriber" would be glad to learn the true distinction
between a Carnation and a Picotee. If we take the
plants there does not seem to be any difference what-
ever. The foliage, flower-stems, and buds, are exactly
alike ; showing conclusively that they are originally de-
rived from a common parentage. When we come to con-
sider the markings of the flowers from the florists' point
of view, we find that they are well marked and perfectly
distinct. The florists have divided the Carnation for
their own purposes into six classes, viz., scarlet
bizarres, crimson bizarres, pink and purple bizarres,
purple flakes, scarlet flakes, and rose flakes. The
bizarres have two colours on a white ground ; the
flakes one colour only on a white ground. In the
first-class scarlet and maroon are the two colours ; in
the second, crimson and purple ; the third is its own
definition. It ought also to be stated that all Carna-
tions have a tendency to "sport." To illustrate this,
we- take Admiral Curzon (Easom) — it is one of the
oldest scarlet bizirres ; Sportsman (Hedderley) is a
sport from it : this is still the best scarlet flake,
unless, as is very probable, Mr. Dodwell's new one,
Henry Cannell, will beat it. In Sportsman the
maroon is gone, leaving only the scarlet and white.
More often the scarlet and white disappear from
Curzon, leaving only a rich dark maroon self. The
flakes also sport, the white very frequently disappears,
leaving only a purple, scarlet, or rose-coloured self.
Sometimes, but the instances are not common, of a
flake sporting to a bizarre. One of the best rose flakes,
James Merryweather (Wood), sported with me to a
really good crimson bizarre ; so good was it thought
to be by the judges of the National Society at one of
the exhibitions, that they awarded it a First-class
Certificate, and gave it the 1st prize as a crimson
bizarre. It was named W. M. Hewitt ; but owing to
its sportive character it is difficult to get up a stock.
There are also Clove Carnations, which are gene-
rally selfs. Besides the old crimson Clove we
have now » bite, pink, rose-scarlet, crimson, purple,
maroon, &c.
Picotees are likewise divided into six classes,
viz., heavy and light edged red, heavy and light edged
purple, heavy and light edged rose. The flowers are
pure white, with a broad or narrow margin, of the
colours specified above. The aim of the fancier is to
produce the white quite pure and free from spots or
bars; the coloured margin of the petals should be dense
and regular. As a type of the nearest approach to
perfection in a light edged Picotee, I would select Mrs.
Gorton (Simonite). The petals are well formed, the
narrow red margin is clear, regular, and well defined ;
very seldom indeed is the white marred by spot or
bar. Mrs. Payne is a medium rose edge, the flowers
remarkably well formed, but it has an occasional
spot or bar on the pure white ground. There is also
a class of yellow Picotees with a red margin, but, as
I stated in a previous number, this class, of which
Prince of Orange (Perkins) is the type, are yet a long
way behind the others. There are of course fancy
Carnations and Picotees more or less fanlasiically
marked or striped. One Picotee, named Novelty,
has two colours instead of one on the margin, while
we sometimes find the white petals disappear, to be
replaced by a pink or pale purple tint. We bad
some flowers act in this way last year, and a still
larger number this. I may say it is rather unusual
for Picotees to sport in this manner. J. Douglas.
FOI^ESTJ^Y.
Forest WoRi-; FOR September : Planting. — As
the busy planting season is again rapidly approaching,
it is highly essential that other forest work should
now be pushed on to completion as quickly as pos-
sible, so that by the end of the present month all
operations necessary for the preparation of the land
intended to be planted during the ensuing season may
be brought to a close. The many advantages
derived from early planting are now so universally
acknowledged that comment on this subject seems
almost unnecessary ; still it is well known, although
much to be regretted, that comparatively few foresters
have yet generally adopted autumn planting, which
may probably arise from want of a firm resolution to
depart from the old and beaten track. There are but
few cases indeed in which it is really necessary to
adopt spring planting, so that but little excuse can be
ofi'ered lor the frequency with which this practice is
still carried on in many parts of the country. All
ground intended for planting ought now to be
enclosed, drained, and where necessary cleared of
rank vegetation, such as Gorse, brush, or any other
herbage, likely to interfere with planting operations.
The pits should also be opened, and the soil exposed
to the mellowing influences of the weather until the
planting season arrives. Large pits are always prefer-
able, the size for general forest planting being about
18 inches diameter by a foot in depth, great care being
taken that the " pan " or subsoil is well broken up wiih
a foot-pick. This latter is an essential that should
always be enforced, not only to prevent the lodgment
of water in the pit, but also to allow the tender
rootlets an uninterrupted course. Remove and
transplant evergreens during dull showery weather,
but general planting should not be commenced until
the very end of the month, and then only when the
new wood is well ripened on the young plants.
Nursery. — In the nursery make every pre-
paration for the planting season by raising, and
afterwards bedding-in all young trees intended to
be removed to the woodlands during the autumn.
Plants so treated may be again removed during open
weather throughout the winter with much greater
safety than others left undisturbed. Continue to dig,
hoe, and clean all young crops, never allowing the
weeds to seed on the ground. Should wet weather
prevent a thorough cleaning of the breaks in the
usual way, hand-picking of the weeds must be resorted
to. Cuttings may now be inserted in sandy soil
previously well dug and broken up, layers planted, and
stocks for grafting or budding inserted in a convenient
position for operating upon next season. Recent
grafts should also be examined, and the ties undone
where they have taken, at the same time cutting oft'
all growths from the stock. Turn ^compost heaps,
and dig well-rotted manure into all vacant borders, at
the same time trenching or ridging it loosely up so as
to expose as great a surface as possible to the
ameliorating effects of the winter frosts. Collect tree
seeds as they become ripe, and either sow immediately
or store away in a dry and airy position.'
Woods. — Young plantations may be thinned when-
ever free access to the woodlands can be had without
interfering unnecessarily with the game. This is also
a good time to mark old timber intended for removal
during the present season, as when the trees are in
full leaf there is less danger of over-thinning than at
any other time. Unhealthy or sickly trees can also
be best detected at the present time. Where neces-
sary, pruning may still be pushed forward, but this
operation would have been all the better if performed
earlier in the season. Switch and clear shooting
drives ; also see that rabbits have not undermined
Septemhek
I8SJ.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONrCLE.
279
the roads, and have all such work finished up before
the shooting season begins.
riEDOiN(.;. — Push forward the switching of farm
and other hedges, and have the refuse collected and
burnt as the work proceeds ; and where necessary
clear all weeds from the boUom of fences, and leave
the soil both loose and free. Prepare ground for the
reception of quicks by a thorough digging and
trenching of the soil, which greatly assists the young
plants to start into aolive growth in spring.
Feni'ING. — Erect new fences where such are re-
quired, straining or tightening the wires in warm,
dry weather, when a much better job can be made
than at any other time. Repair old fences as time
permits, and keep all tree-guards and rabbit-proof
fences in good order. As specimen trees in parks are
often rendered unsightly by horses destroying the
bark, a good plan is to encase the trunks, for say
6 feet or so, in wire netting, which we find much
neater and more serviceable than the old wooden
erections now generally in use.
General Work. — Clean all open drains and
viaducts, cart metalling for the repairing of roads,
collect ditch-cleanings, road-scrapings, and all nursery
refuse into large heaps, and mix freely with lime, to
form compost for top-dressing in the nursery or grass-
lands. The excessive rainfall of the present season,
although injurious to many kinds of crops, has proved
beneficial to most evergreen shrubs and conifers, the
latter especially are making unusually vigorous growths,
and it is to be hoped that we may be favoured with a
dry, warm autumn to ripen thoroughly the luxuriant
growths as well as unusual crops of cones and seeds
which are everywhere abundant this season. A. D.
WcbsUr, Pcnrhyn Castle^ North Wales.
mmXi%%,
Hailstorms and Forests. — The Geneva cor-
respondent of the Times writes: — "At the annual
meeting cf the Swiss Foresters' Society, which has
recently been held at Zug, Herr Ryniker, Chief
Forester of canton Aargau, and a member of the
National Council, read an interesting paper on the
cfl'ect of forests on hailstorms. The apparent con-
nection between forests and hailstorms was first
pointed out twenty years ago, but it is only lately
that the connection has been placed beyond doubt by
a series of observations made in Aargau — observations
which are still going on under the direction of Herr
Ryniker and of Piofessors CoUadon and Dufour, of
Geneva and Lausanne. Up to 1S67, as related by
Herr Ryniker, the district of Muri had enjoyed a long
immunity from hailstorms, but in that year and in
1S67, 1869, and 1871, it was visited by storms so fre-
quent and destructive as to rouse general attention.
A careful examination resulted in the discovery that
all the storms had broken at the same point and fol-
lowed the same path — a gap in the forest of Schiatf,
on the crest of the Lindenberg, produced partly by
ordinary woodcutting, partly by a violent wind which
had blown down many of the trees. This discovery,
and the fact that other districts had suffered in like
manner, suggested to the Chief Forester the idea of
extending the inquiry to the canton at large. It
resulted from this inquiry that in the three years in
question damage had been wrought by hailstorms in
Aargau to the amount of 3,000,000 fr., and that
in the south part of the canton, as in the north, the
frequency of hailstorms was in inverse proportion to
area covered by forests. In the forest district of
Zofingen, with 40 per cent, of its surface wooded,
there were two slight downfalls, which occasioned
damages estimated at 40,000 fr. ; in the district of
Lenzburg, Kulm, and Aargau, with 32 per cent, of
land planted, there were six hailstorms, the losses
arising from which amounted to 280,000 fr. ; in the
district of Freimat, with 19 per cent, of its area
wooded, the number of hailstorms was ten, and the
damages amounted to 1,200,000 fr. The storms come
generally from the south-east, the west, and the north-
west, rarely from the north-east, and a hailstorm
never passes a compact forest of Pines planted on a
height. Hailstorms move in column and form in the
neighbourhood of low-lying lands and well-cultivated
valleys heated by the sun, and take the direction of
the prevailing wind. Scattered groups of leafy trees,
even when planted on a height, are not sufficient to
hinder the march of a column of hail ; while Fir woods,
even if they are small, make very effective barriers,
especially when they happen to be in the path of the
storm."
%
Royal Horticultural : Aug^ 28.
Floral Commhtke.— Present : G. F. Wilson,
Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. J. Mcintosh, H. Cannell,
II. Pennett, J. Wills, W. Bealby, II. Pallantine, J.
Dominy, W. P. Kellock, S. Hibberd, and G. DutVield.
The gathering to-day, both of committeemen and
subjects for their consideration, were of the usual
limited order experienced at this season, though the
exhibitors present had more admirers of their produc-
tions than usually falls to their lot at South Kensir.g-
ton. The special features of the meeting were large
and brilliantly coloured collections of Asters, from
Messrs. James Carter & Co. ; Gladioli, from Messrs.
Kelway iS: Son ; and single Dahlias, from Mr. T. S.
Ware — all of which are commented upon in another
column. The Chairman (Mr. Wilson) brought up
some grand cut stems of Lilies, notable among which
were extra fine blooms of L. auratum rubro-vittatum,
from plants growing in the open air ; L. speciosum
rubrum and album, L. tigtinum splendens, and L.
Leichtlini, &:c. The collection was recommended for
the award of a Medal. Mr. Charles Bennett, of
Shepperton, contributed a choice group of seedling
Gloxinias, of which he possesses a good strain, his
group here containing many grandly shaped and richly
coloured fiowers. To a pure white flower of very
fine shape and great substance, named Alabaster, the
award of a Certificate was made. Mr. Heims, gr. to
F. A. Philbrick, Esq., Q.C, was awarded a First-
class Certificate for a large, well-flowered plant of
the old Zygopetalum niaxillare; and also received a
Cultural Commendation for a plant of the rare An-
gra.^cum Ellisii, with a spike of twenty flowers,
remarkable for the length of the spur of the lip and
the purity of the white in the sepals and petals. A
similar award was also made to W. Vanner, Esq ,
Camden Wood, for a specimen of Dendrobium
secundum with eleven of its short, dense spikes of
rose-coloured blossoms. Mr. Cummings, gr. to A.
H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Hackbridge, showed a
plant with a single flower of the pretty new Lycaste
Smeeana, described at p. 19S ; and Mr. W. Bealby
received a First-class Certificate for Begonia Madame
Grody, a tuberous-rooted variety with fine double
white flowers, shaded with primrose in the centre.
Messrs. Cannell iS: Son showed some pretty single
Dahlias, amongst which were several varieties of what
may be called the pompon type, and very pretty
things to grow for cutting where the larger sorts are
objected to. Midget, a pure scarlet, was honoured
with an award. The old double-flowered Chrysan-
themum coronarium, under the name of double Mar-
guerite Aurora, was also decorated on this occasion.
The Swanley firm also had a fine stand of double
Zinnias ; and Mr. Turner sent from Slough a couple
of boxes of fine Dahlias. Messrs. Biddies & Co., of
Loughborough, sent the fine new Iberis Empress,
noted at p. 210, and this also received the coveted
mark of distinction.
The awards made were : —
First-class Cert'Jicates.
To Messrs. Kelway & Son, for Gladiolus Lady Caven-
dish.
To Messrs. ICelway & Son, for Gladiolus Sir Trevor
Lawrence.
To Messrs. Kelway & Son, for Gladiolus Duke of
Edinburgh.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for single Dahlia Negress.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for single Dahlia Bedding Gem.
To Messrs. Biddies & Co., for Iberis Empress.
To Messrs. Cannell iS: Sons, for single Dahlia Midget.
To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for Chrysanthemum
coronarium flore-pleno.
To Mr. W. Bealby, for Begonia Mad.ime Grody.
To Mr. Heims, for Zygopetalum maxillare.
To Mr. Cliarles Bennett, for Gloxinia Alabaster.
Cultural Commendations,
To W. Vanner, Esq., for Dendrobium secundum.
To Mr. Helms, for Angra;cum Ellisii.
Fruit Committee. — Present : Lewis A. Killick,
Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. W. Denning, J. Roberts,
A. Howcroft, G. Bunyard, J. Lee, R, D. Blackmore,
and Dr. Hogg. From Chiswick, Mr. Barron sent up
to this meeting a group of three dozen well grown ex-
amples of Tomatos in pots, conspicuous in which for
their fine, smooth, scarlet fruits were Carter's May-
flower and Perfection, and Horsfield's No. I. Of a
larger type but somewhat corrugated, may be men-
tioned the crisped-leaved large red of Vilmorin, and
Williams' Conqueror; while in theyellow-fruitcd section
Vilmorin's large yellow, by reason of its good shape
and pleasing orange colour, carried the palm. The
Chairman brought up some fine examples of Yorkshire
Beauty, Ecklinville, Duchess of Oldenburg, Irish
Peach, Worcester Pearmain, Red Joanetting, and
other early varieties of Apples. Several seedling
Melons also came under notice, but none of them were
noticeable for anything in particular in the way of
quality. Mr. Taylor, gr. to James Mcintosh, Esq.,
Duneevan, Oatlands Park, staged three fine bunches
of Foster's Seedling Grapes, and received a Cultural
Commendation. Mr. H, Eckford, gr. to Dr. Sankey,
showed his new Peas Victor, Progress, and M.ignifi-
cent ; and examples of Reading Giant and SuUon's
Latest of All came from Mr, C. A, Pearse, tirey's
Court, Henley-on-Thames.
Meetim; at Chiswick. — At a meeting of the
Floral Committee, held in the Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, on Thursday, August 23, G. F. Wilson,
Esq., in the chair, the following P'irst-class Certifi-
cates were awarded : —
Vcrl'cnas. — Swanley Gem (Cannell). — Fine com-
pact habit ; the trusses and pips very large ; white,
shaded and edged with pale blue. Very eiti^ctive.
R. F. Schule (Cannell). — Good dwarf habit, very free
flowering ; trusses and individual fiowers large, of a
fine warm rosy-pink, with white eye. Marion Baker
(Cannell). — Close compact growth ; the trusses of
medium size, the pips large, with white eye, light
rosy-carmine — a very pretty shade of colour. Faust
(Cannell). — Habit very close, very free flowering; the
trusses large, individual flowers large, of a very rich
fiery carmine. Very pretty. Beethoven (Cannell).
■ — Dwarf habit, remarkably free flowering ; trusses
and pips of large size, of a deep rosy lake colour. An
excellent bedding variety.
rclargoniiDit as a Bedding Variety. — Dr. Orton
(Pearson). — Very close and compact habit, free-
flowering ; the trusses large, holding on well ; indi-
vidual flowers large, of good form, intense crimson-
scarlet. A good bedding variety.
Pelargoniiiiii as a Pot Plant. — White Perfection
(Eckford). — Plant of vigorous growth ; the trusses of
medium size, freely produced ; individual flowers
large, of fine rounded form, pure white.
S'weet Peas. — Orange Prince (Eckford).— Flowers
very large, of a beautiful shade of salmon-pink. Very
distinct and pretty. Invincible Carmine (Laxton). —
A very fine sell'-coloured carmine variety ; flowers very
large and of good substance. Invincible Striped
(Carter & Co.). — A very distinct and pretty variety ;
very lively carmine, boldly striped. Blue Edge
(Carter & Co.). — Very showy variety, having the
standards very light rose ; the wings white, with dis-
tinct edge of blue. Very showy and effective. New
Carmine Rose (Hurst & Son). — This variety in the
cut state was certificated at South Kensington on
August 14, and the committee on seeing it growing
unanimously confirmed the Certificate then awarded.
This is a very pleasing and distinct variety both as
regards growth and colour of flowers, and is well worth
cultivation.
Tydtcas. — Venosa. — Plant of tall habit, the tubes
bright carmine-magenta shaded, beautifully veined
and dotted with purple. Robert le Diable. — Fiowers
very large, freely produced, of a most intense, almost
black, crimson. Distinct and showy. Harlequin. —
Plant of somewhat tall habit ; the flowers large, the
tube shaded with magenta and veined and dotted with
purple. Podalire. — Flowers of medium size, the tubes
of a pleasing cherry-red veined and speckled with
purple. Showy. .Esculapius. — Flowers of medium
size, the tubes bright scarlet, richly spotted and veined.
Impaiiens Sidtani. — A First-class Certificate was
also awarded to this now well-known Balsam.
In regard to the Sweet Peas the committee con-
sidered the variety Bronze Prince (Eckford) to be
superior to Invincible Black. Those named together
in the following list were considered identical, or
too nearly alike to be worth keeping separate : —
Princess (Eckford), Butterfly (Benary), and Butterfly
(Carter & Co.). Duchess of Albany (Eckford), and
Captain Clark (Benary). Purple Striped (Carter)
and Black Purple (Benary). Red and White (Penary)
and Painted Lady (Carter). Scarlet Str'ped (Carter)
and Red Striped (Benary). Emperor (Eckford) and
Grandeur (Eckford). Dark Red (Benary), Scarlet
(Carter^, and Invincible Scarlet (Benary and Carter).
Black Purple (Benary), Purple (Carter), and Light
Blue and Purple (Benary).
Sevenoaks Horticultural : Ang> 23. — As usual
this Society held its yearly exhibition in Montreal Park,
the seat of Earl Amherst. The grounds and park alone,
independently of the excellent display within the tents
annually forthcoming, are well worth seeing, presenting
all the charm of hill and dell ior which this part of Kent
is deservedly celebrated ; there are fine stretches of open
glade interspersed by enough timber to clothe the land-
scape, witli here and there a glimpse of the grey-tiled
roofs of the village away at some distance, and which
help to complete one of the prettiest of rural pictures.
The show way in every way a success, well sustaining the
veputation of these exhibitions, especially in the plant
department, which was well represented in the different
classes for flowering, fine-foliage, and Ferns.
In the open division, for six stove and greenhouse
plants in flower, Mr. Gibson, gr. to J. H. Burnaby At-
kins, Esq., took the ist prize with a meritorious half-
dozen, in which was a Lapageria alba in excellent con-
dition ; AUamanda Hendersoni, Dipladenia amabilis.
2bO
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September i, 1883.
and D, Brearleyana, both large and beautifully flowered :
the last named was the best example of this variety we
have seen, remarkable for the quality and size of the
flowers. Mr. Burt, gr. to H. B. Mildmay, Esq., was 2d,
staging a nice group, in which were Erica cerinthoides
coronata, large and well bloomed ; and a good speci-
men of Ixora, Prince of Orange ; Mr. Pope, gr. to
J. ]. Barron, Esq., came in 3d with smaller but very
well bloomed plants. For a single specimen stove or
greenhouse plant, Mr. Cooke, gr. to De Barri Crawshay,
Esq., was ist, with a good plant of Cattleya crispa,
nicely flowered; 2d, Mr. Gibson, with Dipladenia
amabilis.
Fine leaved plants were largely shown, Mr. Gibson
talcing ist honours with a well managed group which
contained a very fine specimen of Anthurium crystalHnum,
Alocasia Lowii, 5 feet through ; and the seldom shown
Araucaria Bidwilli ; 2d, Mr. Pope ; and Mr. Waterman,
gr. to H. A. Brassey, Esq., 3d. Ferns were forthcoming
in unusually fine condition. For six exotic kinds Mr.
Staples, gr. to H. Oppenheim, Esq., took the lead,
showing Cyathea dealbata, C. medullaris, Dicksonia
antarctica, Adiantum cardiochlasnum, A. Farleyense, and
Davallia Mooreana, all in excellent condition ; 2d, Mr.
Hatton, gr. to Mrs. Swanzy, who, in a very good group,
had Marattia cicutasfolia, unusually well grown ; 3d, Mr.
Goodman. British Ferns were also well represented,
Mr, Staples being ist, and Mr. Hatton 2d. Orchids
were nicely shown, Mr. Cook taking ist honours for six,
with a group in which were Epidendrum pvismato-
carpum, bearing eleven good spikes ; Saccolabium
Blumei, Aerides quinquevulnerum, and Cattleya
crispa ; Mr. Burt was 2d. With six Fuchsias Mr.
Huntley, gr. to the Rev. T, S. Curteis, took the 1st
prize, staging medium-sized plants, very well grown and
profusely flowered; Mr. Meakin, gr. to C. R. C. Petley,
Esq., came in. 2d. For siz zonal Pelargoniums Mr.
Meakin was ist, and Mr. Hatton 2d.
The class for Begonias here admits of the fibrous-
rooted sorts being shown with the tuberous-rooted kinds,
the result of which is that the collections staged have a
much better effect, from the diversity in colour and form
of the flowers, the half-dozen with which Mr. Meakin
took the ist prize would have been difficult to beat any-
where, being large, with stout short-jointed growth and
profusely flowered. Mr. Goodman, gr. to Mrs. Craws-
hay, was 2d. Caladiums were well shown, Mr. Burt
taking the lead with four fine plants in every way, the
marking of the leaves being well brought out. The sorts
were Prince Albert Edward, Triomphe de I'Exposition,
Laingi, and Meyerbeer. Table plants were contributed
by a number of exhibitors, and, as is generally the case,
a good many were much too large for the purpose.
With six Mr. Thorne, Ashgrove Gardens, was 1st, and
Mr, Goodman 2d.
In the division confined to smaller growers Mr.
Vallins, gr. to J. L. Worship, Esq., was ist with four
stove and greenhouse plants, and Mr. Knight 2d.
Groups of miscellaneous plants arranged for effect, and
also groups composed of Ferns alone similarly arranged
are one of the principal features of this Society's exhi-
bitions, and on the present occasion, as heretofore, were
very well done. Amongst a number of competitors in
the open class Mr, Waterman took the lead with a beau-
tifully arranged set of plants, all suitable for the purpose,
with enough but not too much colour: the latter element
was mostly given by a couple of plants of the golden-
rayed Lily, single stems ; Celosia pyramidalis, yellow and
red ; Caladium argyrites, Oncidium flexuosum, and in
the front a fine plant of Saccolabium Blumei, with nine
good spikes, which, seen drooping amongst the Adian-
tums that formed the groundwork of the whole, had an
excellent effect. Mr. Cook was a good 2d, and Mr.
Meakin, 3d, also setting up a meritorious group. In a
similar class confined to the second and third division of
exhibitors, the groups were also very well put up. Mr.
Vallins taking the ist prize, Mr. Meakin the 2d. There
were likewise a number of exhibitors of groups of Ferns,
Mr. Webber, Quarry Hill Nursery, Tonbridge, being
well in front with a a nicely arranged lot ; Mr. Goodman
2d, and Mr. Staples 3d.
Here, as in several other places, Roses were shown in
much better condition than they are obtainable at so
late a period in most seasons. For twenty-four Mr.
Gray, gr. to Earl Stanhope, was ist, with an excellent
box of blooms, the best of which were Mrs. Jowett, Dr.
Andry, Marechal Niel, Charles Lefebvre, Penelope Mayo,
Marie Rady, Duke of Edinburgh, La France, and
E, Y. Teas ; Messrs. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, were
2d ; and Mr. W. Scale. Vine Nurseries, Sevenoaks,
3d. For twelve Roses, Mr. Blundell, gr. to G. Christy,
Esq., came in ist, with a beautiful stand ; and Mr. Hol-
lingworth was 2d. Dahlias were well shown, Messrs.
Cannell & Sons taking the ist prize with twenty-four,
having, along with others, fine blooms of Mrs. Harris,
George Barnes, William Rawfings, Goldfinder, and John
Bennett ; Mr. Seale was a close 2d. l-'or eighteen
Gladioli Mr. Cattell was ist, and Messrs. Jefl"kins & Co.
2d. Stove and greenhouse cut flowers were well repre-
sented, Mr. Burt taking ist honours, and Mr. Cooke the
2d. For three stands of flowers for table decoration
Mr. J. H. Beach, florist, Sevenoaks, came in 1st ; and
Mr. Hatton 2d. And for a single stand, Mrs. Bishop
was ist, with a beautiful arrangement ; and Miss
Staple 2d.
Fruit was shown in considerable quantities, and
mostly in good condition. With a collection of six
dishes, Mr. Pope took the lead, staging nice examples of
black and white Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, Plums,
and a Melon ; 2d, Mr. Goodman ; 3d, Mr. J. Goldsmith,
gr. to P. C. Hardwick, Esq. With four dishes of fruit,
Mr. Neil, gr. to R. IVl. Hermett, Esq., who had Black
Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling Grapes in nice order,
with Peaches and Figs, came in ist, and Mr. Noble, gr.
to Miss Austen, 2d. Mr, Henderson, Mabledon Park
Gardens, was ist for a single Pine, showing a nice
Queen ; 2d, Mr. Sears, gr. to W. J. Thompson, Esq.
Three bunches of black Grapes. — 1st, Mr. Henderson,
with Muscat Hamburgh, fine heavily shouldered
bunches ; 2d, Mr. Gray, who had Black Hamburgh,
nicely finished ; Mr. Waterman, who was 3d, also staged
Black Hamburgh, very well coloured. Two bunches of
black Grapes. — ist, Mr. Leutchford, gr. to E. E.
Cronk, Esq., with Black Hamburgh, small, but
nicely coloured; 2d, Mr. Roberts, gr. to C. J. M.
Wanton, Esq. Three bunches of white Grapes. — ist, Mr.
Waterman, with Buckland Sweetwater, nice bunches,
beautifully finished ; 2d, Mr. Goodman, who had Muscat
of Alexandria, short of colour. Two bunches of white
Grapes. — 1st, Mr. Neil, with Muscat of Alexandria ; 2d,
Mr. Noble. Three bunches of any three varieties of
Grapes. — Here Mr. Gray took the lead, with Mrs. Pince's
Black Muscat, very well done ; Black Hamburgh, and
Muscat of Alexandria ; 2d, Mr. Sears, who had Muscat
Hamburgh, Muscat of Alexandria, and Black Ham-
burgh ; 3d, Mr. Goodman, staging Madresfield Court,
Muscat of Alexandria, and Black .Hamburgh. With a
Melon Mr. Vallins was 1st, and Mr. Waterman 2d.
Peaches were well shown by Mr. Goodman, who took
the ist award for six, with a beautiful dish of Royal
George, highly coloured ; 2d, Mr. Gibson, with Princess
of Wales ; 3d, Mr, Abbott, gr. to Sir W. Hart Dyke,
with the same variety. Six Nectarines, — ist, Mr. Good-
man, with Violette Hative, highly coloured ; 2d, Mr,
Gibson, who had Pine-apple in nice condition. Three
dishes of dessert Plums. — ist, Mr. Staples, with Jeffer-
son, Kirke's, and Green Gage, all in good condition ;
2d, Mr. Goodman ; 3d, Mr. Waterman. Three dishes
of culinary Plums. — ist, Mr, Hatton ; 2d, Mr. Sears.
Three dishes of dessert Pears. — ist, Mr, Staples, with
Doyenne d'Et^, Williams' Bon Chretien, and Jargonelle :
2d, Mr. Goldsmith. Three dishes of dessert Apples. —
ist, Mr. Waterman ; 2d, Mr, Staples. Three dishes of
culinary Apples. — ist, Mr. Waterman ; 2d, Mr. Gold-
smith. Dish of Cherries. — ist, Mr. Goldsmith ; 2d,
Mr. Waterman,
Trowbridge Horticultural : Atig. 22. — This was
the thirty-fourth exhibition of this Society, and it proved
as a horticultural exhibition one of the most successful
held in this busy Wiltshire town. Like other societies it
has had to struggle for three or four years past against
the adverse influences of bad weather, but having in
times of prosperity secured a good reserve fund, it has
always had something to fall back upon when wet
weather came, though the fund has dwindled somewhat
from its original dimensions. It may be mentioned that
the annual expense of the Society is something like ^^350,
and only ^^70 or thereabouts is obtained as subscriptions,
the remainder has to be supplied in takings at the gates.
If the day proves wet, a substantial loss occurs ; if fine,
a large company is attracted. It may further be stated
that this is the twentieth year of Mr. James Huntley's
connection with the Society as its hon. secretary. This
year the show took place in the Old Ground close to the
railway station, and as usual the town was prettily
decorated with triumphal arches, flags, &c., while many
of the houses were very gay indeed with plants, festoons
of flowers, &c. A very large company attended the show
ground.
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, — The season con-
sidered, and the state of the weather also, there was a
very good display of these. The best nine in the open
class came from Mr. J. F. Mould, nurseryman, Pewsey,
who had good plants of Ixora regina, Clerodendron
Balfourianum, Allamanda nobilis, I.xora Colei, I. Wil-
liamsii. Erica Irbyana, and E, cerinthoides coronata ;
2d. Mr. J. Matthews, gr. to W. R. Browne, Esq., Trow-
bridge, whose best specimens were — Bougainvillea glabra,
Dipladenia amabilis, Allamanda Hendersoni, A. nobilis,
and Erica Mamockiana; 3d, Mr. E. H. Pocock. Mr.
Tucker, gr. to Major Clark, Trowbridge, had the best six
plants, and also the best three specimens, staging in the
first row Cassia corymbosa, Lapageria rosea, Rondeletia
speciosa major. Allamanda nobihs, Bougainv iUea glabra,
and Ixora WiUiamsii ; and in the smaller class, Anthurium
Scherzerianum, Statice profusa, and Stephanotis flori-
bunda. Mr. Matthews was 2d in both classes. The
best specimen plant showing cultural merit was
Croton majesticus, from Mr. A. Shadvvell, gr. to
T. Chandler, Esq. ; Mr. Mould, of Pewsey, coming
next with Allamanda nobfis. The best new plant was
Dracaena Lindeni, Ixora amosna taking 2d place.
A plant of the old Poinciana pulcherrima, bearing one
spike of flowers, was shown in this class, and it seems a
pity it should have come into the category of neglected
plants. Ericas were shown as small specimens, but six
very good plants gained the 1st prize for Mr. Mould.
Two other collections competed, generally good plants
for the season of the year. Ferns were shown in groups
of fifteen, and there is always a remarkably good com-
petition. Mr. Tucker had the best group, staging very
good examples of Gymnogramma peruviana argyro-
phylla, Gleichenia dicarpa, Adiantum Farleyense, Lo-
mariagigantea, Neottopteris nidus, Adiantum concinnum
luteum, A. gracillimum, &c. Mr. H. Pocock was 2d,
and Mr. John Cooke, gr. to A. P. Stancombe, Esq., 3d.
Fine-foliaged plants were shown in groups of nine plants,
Mr, Mould being 1st, and Mr. W. C. Drummond, nur-
seryman, Bath, 2d. Smaller groups were also shown in
other divisions, and they were of great value in relieving
the masses of colour afforded by the flowering plants.
Miscellaneous Plants. — Under this heading may
be quoted zonal Pelargoniums, which are always finely
shown here. It was interesting to note how fine in
quality some of the older varieties still are, such as Fer-
dinand de Lesseps, Circulator, Polly King, Madame
Werle, Master Christine, and La Grande. Petunias,
always a great feature here^ were very fine, and Mr. Lye
was, as usual, 1st. Verbenas were very good, very large,
finely-grown and flowered plants. Cockscombs, Bal-
sams, Achimenes, Gloxinias, &c., were all in good form.
Fuchsias. — When it is stated that these were the
very finest feature of the show, we are simply dealing
with the finest display of Fuchsias in the United King-
dom. In the class for six plants, twenty-four splendid
specimens were staged, the tallest 10 to n feet in height,
including the pots, the smallest 6 to 7 feet. But all
were superbly grown and grandly bloomed, and generally
trained in the conical rather than the bush style. Mr.
J. Lye, gr. to the Hon. Mrs. Hay, Clyffe Hall, Market
Lavington, was ist with superb examples, 7 to 8 feet in
height, perfect in foliage, and covered with blossoms,
having as dark varieties. Bountiful, Doel's Favourite,
and the Hon. iMr. Hay ; light varieties, Mr. Bright, Lye's
Favourite, and Emily Lye, the flowers in each case being
of the finest quality. 2d, Mr. Geo. Tucker, gr. to Major
Clark, Trowbridge, with the largest plants shown, splen-
didly grown, but requiring another week to bring them
to perfection, having of dark varieties Doel's Favourite,
Bountiful, Charming, and Elegance, the last named a
superb variety raised by Mr. J. Lye ; light varieties,
Arabella and Queen Victoria. 3d, Mr. H. Pocock, gr.
to J. H. Hayden, Esq., Trowbridge, with dark varieties,
Doel's Favourite, Madame Cornellisen, white corolla,
and Mabel, Beauty of Wilts, and Flower of the Flock,
light varieties. There were also four competitors in the
class lor four varieties, Mr. Lye being again ist with
Henry Brooks, a very free dark variety of great merit,
Star of Wilts, dark ; Ellen Lye, and R®se of Castille,
light varieties ; 2d, Mr. H. Pocock, with Doel's Favour-
ite, and Charming, dark ; Maggie and Arabella, light.
In the nurserymen's division some very good plants
were shown, indeed much superior to what is usually
seen, but they fell below the gardener's plants in size
and general good quality.
Cut Flowers. — Roses were a surprisingly good
feature, especially when it is borne in mind that the
weather had been intensely hot for a few days previously
— indeed, a large number of the flowers were as fine in
quality as at the end of June. The best stand of twelve
varieties, three trusses of each, came from Messrs.
Keynes & Co., Castle Street Nursery, Salisbury, who
had ^very fine examples of Madame Eugenie Verdier,
Xavier Olibo, Charles Lefebvre, J. S. Mill, Beauty of
Waltham, Perle des Jardins, Reynolds Hole, and
Madame de St, Arnaud ; 2d, Messrs. Geo. Coohng &
Son, nurserymen, Bath, with remarkably good blooms
of Senateur Vaisse, Madame Victor Verdier, Madame
Geo. Schwartz, La France, Charles Lefebvre, May
Quennell, &c. ; 3d, Messrs. Cross & Steer, Salisbury.
Messrs, Keynes & Co. also had the best twenty-four
varieties, single blooms, having excellent flowers of
Etienne Levet, Madame Victor Verdier, Captain Christy,
Marie Baumann, Alfred Colomb, Charles Lefebvre, Fer-
dinand de Lesseps, Fran9ois Michelon, Due de Rohan,
Xavier Olibo, Perle des Jardins, Beauty of Waltham,
Marie Van Houtte, &c. ; 2d, Messrs. G. Cooling & Son,
with capital blooms of Bouquet d'Or, Mons. E. Y.
Teas, Mrs. Harry Turner, a beautiful clear scarlet-
rose ; Madame Victor Verdier, Mrs. Jowitt, and
Paul N^ron. 3d, Mr. A. Durbin, Bath. In the
amateurs' class for twelve varieties some exceUent
blooms were shown by Mr. T. Gurden, gr. to Miss
Watson-Taylor, who had Marie Baumann, Jean
Ducher, Alfred Colomb, Xavier Olibo, Dr. Andry,
Mrs. Jowitt, A. K, Williams, Catherine Mermet, and
Comtesse de Nadaillac ; 2d, Mr. Campbell, gr. to S. B.
Budd, Esq.; 3d, Mr. J. Davis. Mr. Gurden was also
ist in another class for twelve blooms, two equal
2d prizes being awarded. Boxes of twenty-four varieties
of cut flowers were very fine indeed ; the ist prize lot,
which included a valuable collection of stove and green-
house plants, came from Mr. S. Bishop, gr. to J. Jones,
Esq. ; Mr. S. Frances being a good 2d.
Dahhas are always a good feature at Trowbridge, as
Messrs. Keynes & Co., of Salisbury, are found among
the competitors. They had the best stand of twenty-
four blooms, staging superb examples of Henry Bond,
Imperial, Seraph, Goldfinder, James Vick, }. C, Reid,
George Dickson, Joseph Ashby, Flag of Truce, Rosetta,
Mrs. Dodds, Henry Walton, Mr. Spofforth, Vice-Pre-
sident, Miss Cannell, James Cocker, Cremorne, Clara,
Ovid, Triumphans, Mr. Stancomb, and Clara Wyatt. In
the amateurs' class a very good twelve was placed 1st,
but the name of the exhibitor did not transpire.
The best twelve fancy Dahlias came from Messrs. Keynes
& Co. They had highly finished flowers of John Lamond,
Henry Glasscock, Parrot, Flora Wyatt, Mrs. Saunders,
Egyptian Prmce, Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Florence Stark,
Miss Browning, Fanny Sturt, Letty Coles, and Jessie
Mcintosh. In the class for seedling Dahlias of 1862,
six blooms of each, Messrs. Keynes & Co. received
First-class Certificates of Merit for Lucy Berry, white,
tipped with pale purple— a very pleasing flower, of fine
outline, petal and centre ; and Mrs. W. Haskins, of a
distinct salmon-buff shade — a pleasing flower, of good
form and substance. In the class for single blooms of
Dahlias of the present year Messrs. Keynes & Co. were
awarded First-class Certificates of Merit for Eureka,
vivid bright crimson, a very fine and good-sized flower
of extra quahty ; and Mr. F. Foreman, bright deep lilac,
a distinct shade, excellent build and petal. Some charm-
ing single Dahlias were shown by Mr. A, A, Walker,
Kensington Nursery, Bath, and Mr. George Humphries,
the prizes being awarded in the order of their names.
Asters were very fine indeed for the season ; so were
Gladioli, Zinnias, Verbenas, Stocks, &c. Messrs. Keynes
& Co. had boxes of cut blooms of pompon and single
Dahlias of excellent quaUty ; and Messrs. Cross & Steer,
Salisbury, had boxes of cut blooms of their fine Clove
Governor in its best form.
Fruit,— If the display of frtiit was not quite so ex-
tensive as usual, it was generally of high-class quality.
September i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
281
The chief feature is the class for a collection of ten
varieties, Pines excluded, and here much larger dishes of
fruit than usual were set up, which imparted great mas-
siveness to their appearance. The best colleclion came
from Mr. T. King. gr. to R. Valentine Leach, Esq.,
Devizes Castle, who had three very fine bunches each of
Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Ex-
quisite, Barrington, and Lord Palmerston Peaches,
Prince of Wales and Pine-apple Nectarines, all very fine ;
Jefferson's and Green Gage Plums, and Eistnor Castle
"Melon; a .'■uperb lot. 2d, Mr. Miller, gr. to W. H.
Long, Esq., M.P., Rood Ashton Park, Trowbridge,
with BLick Hamburgh, Lady Downe's, and Foster's
Seedhng Grapes, Bj.rrington and Belle Beauce Peaches,
Hunt's Tawny Nectarine, Melons Premier and Best of
All, Plumsand Clierries ; a very good and worthy lot. Mr.
Kmghad the best two bunches ol Black Hambur;;h Grapes,
very good indeed ; Mr. John Cole, Old Park Garden. De-
vizes, being 2d. In the class for white Grapes Mr. Morris
was ist. with good Buckland Sweetwater ; Mr. Miller
coming 2d, with Foster's Seedling. Mr. John Jardine was
the only t-xhibitor of Black Muscats, setting up Madres-
field Court in fine form. In the class for White Muscats,
Mr. G. W. Shelton was ist, wiih good bunches ; Mr A,
Shadwell, Devizes, being 2d. Green and scarlet-fleshed
Melons were well shown, and good quality was generally
characteristic of the fruit sliown. Cherries were repre-
sented by fine samples of Morello. There was a good
lot of Peaches, Mr. John Palmer being ist, with an
excellent di-.h of Frogmore Golden ; Mr. Geo. Pym
being 2d. with Royal George. Mr. Palmer had the best
dish of Nectarines, staging fine examples of Pitmaston
Orange ; Mr. T. King being 2d. with the same variety.
Dessert Apples were decidedly good, and culinary
Apples very fine. The leading fruit of the former were
Irish Peach, Quirrenden. Golden Pippin, and Cellini
Pippin ; of the latter the best were Lord Sutlficld, Pott's
Seedling, Emperor Alexander, Hawthornden, John Bull,
and Warner's King. Dessert Pears were less numerous
than usual, and were represented by Windsor, Jargo-
nelle, and Bon Chretien. Filberts were poorly repre-
sented, the best dibh coming from Mr. W. Mattock.
One of the most pleasing features of this show was the
productions shown by working men and cottagers, and
by bond fide amateurs not employing a gardener. These
productions filled one large tent, and this made a charm-
ing show in itself. The Fuchsias shown by working men
were far before anything we had previously seen at a
provincial show ; the zonal Pelargoniums were superb
specimens. All plants were very good indeed ; and the
vegetables were not only very numerous, but singularly
fine in quality. One of the cottagers' classes was for a
basket ot various kinds of Potatos. The schedule is
freely interpreted, and large shallow boxes are employed
in this class. One cottager had thirty-four distinct sorts,
a very fine and interesting lot. The newer sorts
gradually find their way into cultivation, such varieties
as Vicar of Laleham. International, Woodstock Kidney.
Reading Russet. &c., were to be seen here. Good
judgment is required and provided in these cLisses.
Maidenhead Horticultural: Aug. 23 — The
annual exhibition of this Society took place in Kidwell's
Park, a spacious plot of ground quite in the heart of the
town, on the above date, and as a show proved a signal
success, for not only was it larger than usual, but the
quality was good throughout. Like many another
Society, the Maidenhead organisation has had to suffer
heavy losses through wet weather happening on each
show day for a few years past, and some thought of dis-
solving the Society was entertained. However, the
hearty determination of R. Silver, Esq., the chairman
of the committee, supported by some members of that
body, would essay another show, and the finest of
weather smiled on their efforts. A large number of
persons attended, and it is believed a decided financial
success has resulted. Two large tents were filled with
exhibits, one with plants, cut flowers, and fruit, the
other with vegetables and all cottagers' productions.
Undoubtedly the leading feature was the class for
groups of plants arranged for effect, to fill a space of
120 leet. Three of these were staged, but that shown by
Mr. H. EUiott, gr. to J. Hibbert, Esq., Braywick, was
decidedly ist, with a charmingly arranged group ; out of
a bed of Maidenhair Ftrn and Thelygonum Cynocranibe,
rose small well-developed plants ot Dracaenas, Crotons,
and Palms, intermingled with these being Gladioli,
LiUums, &c., with a lew good Palms, &c., at the back.
The groups were on stages 2 feet high, and a fringe of
Panicum variegatiim forming a front hne all round hung
over the front. Mr. E. H. Gribble, gr. to Miss Cary
Mahns, Canon Hill, Maidenhead, was 2d, with a group
somewhat similarly arranged, and coming near to it in
point of quality ; 3d, Mr. G. Geyve. Mr. EUiott had thebest
twelve variegated and ornamental foliage plants, staging
good examples of Croton Weismanni, Pandanus Veiichii,
Cocos WeddeUiana, Maranta Veitchii, Anthurium crystal-
hnbm, &c. ; 2d, Mr. E, H. Gribble ; 3d, Mr. G. Martin,
The Gardens, Bisham Abbey. Mr. Geyve had the best
four stove and greenhouse plants, two flowering and two
foliaged, staging Drac^na Veitchii, Maranta zebrina, a
very fine Valotla purpurea, and Agapanthus umbellatus.
Mr. Elliott had the best six Fetns, staging larger plants
than the other competitors, Messrs. Keats and Gribble
being severally 2d and 3d. Fuchsias were fairly
good, the best six plants coming from Mr E.
Jones, nurseryman, Henley-on-Thames, Mr. G. Hop-
kins being 2d. Mr. Goodman was 1st with six
nice plants of tuberous-rooted Begonias, and Mr. G.
Hopkins 2d. Some excellent Cockscombs were shown
by Messrs. Hopkins, Gribble, and Elliott. Mr. }. Moore,
The Gardens, Bray Court, had the best four Coleus,
showing nicely grown and coloured plants; and some
charming table plants were shown by Messrs. Gribble,
Martin, and Elliott, the prizes being awarded in the
order of their names.
In the amateurs' and cottagers' division the plants
were of average merit, and generally small in size.
Cut Flowers. — These were numerous and good, and
the .single Dahlias appeared to have a great interest for
the exhibitors. Mr. John Walker, nurseryman. Thame,
showed the best twelve Roses, staging good blooms for
the season ; Mr. J. H. Powell. Farnham koyal, being 2d.
M . Walker was also isl with twelve Dahlias, staging
eapnal blooms of Henry Walton, James Cocker, Snn-
benm, Mrs. Standcomb, Vice President, Monarch, Duke
ofConnaught, the Hon. Mr. P. Wyndham, Prince of
Denmark, Joseph Ashby, James Vick, and Rival Queen,
all very good show varieties ; 2d, Mr. T. E, Shrimpton.
Mr. Walker was also 1st with twelve quilled and twelve
French Asters, showing very fine strains ; Mr. J. Wells
being 2d with quilled, and Mr. Gribble with French
Asters. Zinnias were very fine. Mr. G. Head had the
largest flowers, but Mr. J, Walker, who was 2d, set his
up on long stems with foliage, which is much better than
showing the bare flowers. In the classes for amateurs'
cut flowers Mr. J. Tranter, Upper A'senden, was 1st
in all the classes, showing good Dahlias, Roses, Asters,
Zinnias, &c.
Table Decorations, &c. — With three vases taste-
fully arranged Mrs. Shrewsbury was 1st, Miss A. Young
2d, and Miss Kate Plumb 3d — all highly creditable.
Mr. Spender had the best basket of cut flowers tastefully
arranged. Miss Strange being 2d, and so good were the
exhibits that two others were highly commended. One
class was for six Sunflowers, and Miss Strange, who was
the only exhibitor, set up six very fine flowers of diff"erent
varieties in a vase with capital taste.
Wild Flowers. — These were shown by children,
and some of the arrangements were so good that hands
accustomed to this work must, we think, have been
employed in setting them up. They were numerous,
and made an ex':ellent display, the bouquets containing
some charming subjects.
Fruit. — There was a very nice display indeed of
fruit, it was without doubt a leading feature of the show.
The best six dishes came from Mr. J. Wells, Fernhill
Park, Winkfield, who had Muscat of Ale.xandria and
Cooper's Black ( Barbarossa ) Grapes ; Royal George
Peaches, Queen Pine, Green Gage Plums, and Melons —
a highly creditable lot ; 2d, Mr. A. Bridgeraan, gr. to
T. Somers Cocks, Esq., Great Marlow, with Black
Hamburgh and Buckland Sweetwater Grapes, Stirling
Castle Peaches, Brown Turkey Figs, Washington Plums,
and Melon ; 3d, Mr. G. Goodman, The Gardens,
Abney House, who had better Grapes than the 2d prize
lot, but inferior in other respects. The best four dishes
came from Mr Gribble, who had Lady Downe's Grapes,
Peaches, Nectarines, and Morello Cherries ; 2d, Mr, D.
Paxton, gr. to Lord Churston, with Black Hamburgh
Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, and Windsor Pears. Some
very good Black Hamburgh Grapes were shown, the best
three bunches came from Mr. Cakebread, gr. to Sir P.
Rose, Bart., Rayner's Park; Mr. J. Moore being 2d.
In the class for black Grapes, other than Hamburgh,
Mr. Wells was ist, with Cooper's Black ; Mr. G.
Goodman coming in next with Alicante. Mr. Cakebread
was also ist with White Muscats, showing some excellent
fruit ; 2d, Mr. Geyve, The Gardens, Greys House. The
best white, other than Muscat, was highly finished
Foster's Seedling, from Mr. Goodman ; 2d, Mr. Wells,
with Buckland Sweetwater. Mr. D. Paxton had the
best six Peaches, Mr. Gribble being 2d ; the latter was
1st with six Nectarines, staging very good fruit indeed.
Melons were fairly good. Plums very good. Dessert
Apples were excellent, the three 1st placed varieties being
Irish Peach, Red Astrachan, and Irish Peach. Culinary
Apples were numerous and very fine, and here the order
of merit ran Lord Suffield, AUriston, and New Haw-
thornden. The best four dishes of fruit grown in the
open air came from Mr. A. Bridgeraan, who had excel-
lent Jargonelle Pears, Brown Turkey Figs, Morello
Cherries, and Washington Plums — a very good lot ; 2d,
Mr. G. Goodman, with Peaches, Nectarines, Plums, and
Pears. Fruit was also shown by amateurs and cottagers,
but not in a form to call for remark.
Vegetables. — These were numerous in all the divi-
sions, and, especially in the case of the gardeners, of
very fine quality. Messrs. Sutton & Sons, seedsmen,
Reading, offered prizes for nine dishes, and this brought
a very numerous and close competition. Mr. H. Elliott,
Braywick Gardens, was ist, with a very good lot, consist-
ing of Autumn Giant Cauliflower, red Beet, white
Spanish Onions, Intermediate Carrots, Snowball Turnip,
Adirondack Potatos, Yorkshire Hero Peas, Carter's
Dedham Favourite Tomato (very fine), and Canadian
Wonder French Beans ; 2d, Mr. A. Bridgeman ; 3d, Mr.
H. E. Gribble, both close on the heels of the 1st prize
winner. Potatos were a great and striking feature, some
very excellent tubers being shown. The leading class
was lor six dishes, nine tubers of each : Mr. H. E.
Gribble. who is a local grower of some note, was 1st
with first-rate examples of Covent Garden Perfection,
King of Potatos, Vicar of Laleham, Radstock Beauty,
Bresee's Prolific, and Prizetaker ; 2d, Mr. J. Wells,
with Sclioolmaster, Reading Russet, Early Border,
Woodstock Kidney, Prizetaker, and Lapstone ; 3d, Mr.
John Eggleton. Maidenhead. Mr. Gribble had the best
dish of kidney, and also of round Potatos, both of which
were very fine. In the amateurs' class Mr. W. H.
Vevers, Maidenhead, had the best four dishes of Potatos,
staging admirable examples of Schoolmaster, Queen of
the Valley, Cosmopolitan, and Vicar of Laleham ; 2d,
Mr. H. Arrowsmith, Littlewich, with Reading Russet,
Bresee's Prolific, Schoolmaster, and Radstock Beauty.
Onions, Tomatos, Cauliflowers, &c. . were all very good.
The cottagers and allotment-holders, who exhib ted
numerously, made a good show in all these classes. Some
special prizes offered by Mr. Broughton, seeisman, Nor-
folk Road, Maidenhead, tor collections of six vegetables
and al->o for groups of six window phints, brought
excellent competition.
Mr. Charles Turner. Royal Nursery, Slough, sent
al >ng a hrgc number of boxes of Roses, show bouquets,
and single Dahlias, &c., that formed a remirkihly
attractive feature at one end of the show tent. Tliis
most valuable exhibit was Highly Commended. Mr. E,
Such, market gardener, Braywick Road, had cut flowers,
fruit, &c., not lor competition.
Worsley and Swinton Horticultural.— This
was held on the 17th and i8th inst. . in connection with
the agricultural show belonging to the same district, in
Worsley Park, belonging to the Right Hon. the Earl of
Ellesmere, and an excellent exhii)ilion was the result,
plants, cut flowers, and vegetables being staged in a
large tent, and in some classes the competition was very
keen, especially among the cottagers, whoarejudiciously
encouraged by the Society. A few groups of unusual
interest were staged, and which, by the way, induced me
to transcribe these notes.
Ferns. — In the class for the best collection of hardy
Ferns only one collection was staged, but this was a magni-
ficent one, contributed, too, by a working collier of the dis-
trict, Mr. Robert Tydebley. Hazlchurst. Abetter group of
hardy Ferns were never I think brought together, as there
were nearly, if not quite, a hundred specimens, some of
which were very fine examples — thus Osmunda regalis
and the crested variety were each near upon 6 feet in
diameter ; there was also a nice plant of O- regalis undu-
lata, a fine specimen of the Welsh Polypody (P. cambri-
cum). The varieties of the Hart's-tongue Fern were well
represented. Among other forms were S. vulgare cris-
pum, crispum major (fertile form), latum. Greyi, Drum-
rnondi, and one named crispum Mrs. Stabler, which
most likely originated in Mr. Tydesley's garden ; a very
fine plant of it wa.s shown, with fronds a foot long and
from 4 to 5 inches wide, the margins copiously fringed
and frilled— really a noble looking Fern. There were
also ramo-cristatum, limbospermum-cristatum, Morgan!,
and many others. Among the Athyriums were crispum,
Victorias, ramosissimum, Vernoniae, &c. 1 he male Fern
WIS also represented by several striking deviations from
the typical form, parvissimum, a very neat little variety.
Blechnum spicrnt Aitkenianum is a very pretty little fur-
cate and crested variety of the hard Fern, A large mass
of the Parsley Fern (Allosorus crispus) was extremely
pretty. But space prevents me from mentioning but a
lithe of the varieties, which, without a single exception,
were in excellent condition, and were well worth going a
long way to.see. Long may Mr. Tydcsley live to enjoy
his fasf-inating hobby ! In the class (or six exotic Ferns,
Y. A. Birley, Esq., Pendleton, near Manchester (gr., Mr.
T. Hesketh), was ist, with e.xcellent specimens of Glet-
chenia dichotoma, Alsophila australis, Cibotium Shiedei,
C. princeps, Davallia bullata, and Cyathea dealbata.
Stove and Greenhol'SE Plants. — For ten, Mr.
E. Elkin, Hart Hill, Pendleton, was 1st. with his usual
exhibit of fine plants ; and for six fine-foliage plants Mr.
Elkin also took the lead. Cut flowers and bouquets were
also well shown.
Cottagers' Exhibits. — These occupied one side of
the tent, and a most interesting lot they were — plants,
cut flowers, fruits, and vegetables. Particularly notice-
able were the Musk plants, the winning specimens being
a fine example of Harrison's Musk. Pansies, Dahlias,
Roses, Asters, Phloxes, &c., were shown in good style,
the Pansies being particularly good, pi linly showing that
the cottagers at Worsley know how to grow this popular
flower. An interesting feature was a series (upwards of
fifty) of bouquets made by girls and boys of the district
over ten years old, special prizes for which were offered
by the Countess of Ellesmere — who, by the way,
acted as judge — and a large number of prizes were
awarded. A very interesting display was made, but
easily recognisable was the greater taste displayed by the
girls in the manipulation of the bouquet. I noticed with
what delight the little prize-winners first saw their
schedules, and gladly heard many of the disappointed
competitors avow their intentions to make greater effort
another year. It is very evident that such encourage-
ment to children tends largely to foster in them a love of
the beautiful, and may assist to cherish habits of keen
observation and research.
Miscellaneous. — These assisted mat'^rially to make
the show what it was. Mr. Upjohn, gr. to the Earl of
Ellesmere, staged a nice group ol plants, fruit, and vege-
tables, which were all creditable to the skill of the estab-
lishment. Messrs. James Dickson & Son, of Chester,
staged a good collection ot cut hardy flowers, well backed
up with spikes of Gladiolus brenchleyensis, amongst
which were L. auratimi, chalcedonicum, and Harrisi,
Montbretia Pottsi, M. crocos nice flora— a very pretty
hybrid between M. Pottsi and Crocosma aurea, &c.
Messrs. Dickson, Brown & Tait, of Manchester, exhibited
fine stands of Roses, Gladioli, and Dahlias. Visitor.
Shanklin Horticultural : Auo. 22 — This Society
held its third annual exhibition in the charming and
somewhat romantic grounds of Rylstone. the picturesque
residence of M. Spartali, Esq.; and the exhibits, which
were staged in several large tents, were highly creditable
to the gardeners, amateurs, and cottagers of the district.
The schedule of prizes was a very representative one,
there being seventy-five classes for professional gardeners,
thirteen for amateurs, and forty-one for cottagers, all of
which, with few exceptions, were well contested. The
principal prize-iakers were Lady Harvey. Undermount,
Ventnor (gr., Mr. Banting) ; Captain Evelegh, whose
gr. (Mr. Morris) took the greatest number of prizes
(twenty-one); Colonel Atherley (gr., Mr. Edwicker) ;
282
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September i, 1883.
Sir P. Rose (gr., Mr. Downer) ; M. Spartali, Esq. (gr.,
Mr. Strickland) ; W. Gibbs, Esq., Cleveland (gr., Mr.
Goldring). In the amateur class Mr. Pionchon carried
off the leading prizes. Mr. Banting's Cockscombs were
very much admired, as they deserved to be. as also were
his loliage and flowering plants. Ferns, Iruil, and bouquets.
Special prizes were given by G. F. Coster, Esq , Upper
Chine House, for groups ol plants and flowers arranged
for effect, and which brought forth a good and credit-
able competition. Messrs. C. Dimmick & Sons, Ryde, for
six stove and greenhouse plants in bloom ; Messrs.
Sutton & Sons, Reading, for the best collection of
vegetables (nine varieties) ; Messrs John Laing & Co.,
Forest Hill, London, for six named tuberous Begonias
(distinct) ; Mr. W. Gibbs, Cleveland (the Vice-Pre-
sident and mainspring of the Society; for two epergnes
for table decoration ; Mrs. W. Gibbs (Cleveland), for
bridal bouquet and six button-holes. These prizes — as
special prizes generally are — were well contested, and
the exhibits in the respective classes— especially the
bouquets and button-holes — greatly admired by the large
number ol visitors present.
In the bee exhibition tent Mr. S.J. Baldwin, expert-
in-chief to the British Bee-keepers' Associaiion, gave an
interesting lecture upon bee-keeping. Altogether the
committee of this Society, and its indefatigable and
courteous Hon. Secretary and Treasurer (Messrs. T. Stow
and T. H. Cheverton), are to be congratulated upon the
successful results of their labour, as they are also upon
the fact of having, through the kindness of M. Spartali,
Esq., secured such a picturesque spot as Rylstone for
holding their show in. The grounds are beautifully laid
out and judiciously planted with a variety of choice trees
and shrubs, the well filled and tastefully arranged flower-
beds and borders being very effective, especially so a
type of the Crystal Palace Gem Lobelia and Pelargo-
nium Triomphe de Stella. These grounds, ihe manage-
ment and Keep of which reflect great credit on Mr. Strick-
land, are bounded on one side by Shanklin Chine, with
which they communicate by winding and well-kept walks,
and on the other by the sea, several hundred feet below,
and having an ornamental and substantial iron fence
between the precipice and the velvety lawn, whence the
prospect of Sandown Bay, Brading Cliffs, and Chichester
and Brighton away in ihe distance, together with the
pleasure and other boats plying hither and thither on the
glassy waters, and the beach in the foreground all bustle
and life, is indeed a charming one, and from which we
reluctantly withdrew our gaze.
Harpenden Horticultural. — The committee of
this Society, having been favoured with magnificent
weather tor the celebration of their fifth annual show, a
goodly company assembled in the lower part of the
pleasant park of Sir John Bennet Lawes, Bart., the Pre-
sident of the Society. Over ,^72 was taken at the gates,
which, together with the annual subscriptions and about
^50 contributed for special prizes by many ladies and
gtntlemen of the neighbourhood, will we trust bridge
the Society over their financial dift^iculties, caused by the
unpropitious weather ol last year's show day. Two large
marquees were brought into requisition for the exhibits,
and there was also on the ground a bee tent, in which
practical instruction in the art of bee-keeping was given
by an expert of the Hertfordshire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion. Taking the exhibition as a whole, the committee
are to be congratulated upon the general improvement
observable in the exhibits, more especially in the cot-
tagers' divi^on ; and amongst the vegetables Potatos
were particularly fine, the present season being conspicu-
ous for the quantity and excellence of this crop.
As space will not admit of a detailed account of the
whole schedule, which was a comprehensive one, and
consisted of 128 classes, we must be content with notic-
ing a few of the most important features. At the
entrance of tent No. i was arranged a fine group of
plants, not for competition, from the conservatories of
Sir J. B. Lawes, amongst which were some remarkably
well grown specimens of Vallotta purpurea, whose
brillant scarlet flowers sets off to advantage the elegant
foliaged plants.
In division A., open to all subscribers, the 1st prize for
a group of plants, arranged for effect on staging 12 feet
by 6, was awarded to Messrs. E. P. Frances & Co., of
Hertford, whose collection contained many rare and
beautiful plants which attracted much attention. The
2d prize went to J. B. Maple, Esq. (gr. Mr. }. C. Pollard),
Childwickbury, St. Albans ; Miss East, Highfield Hall,
St. Albans (gr. Mr. W. Littlechiid). also showed in this
class. Messrs. Paul & Son, the Old Nurseries, Ches-
hunt, whose association with Roses is weU known, took
ist prize with forty-eight of the finest blooms we ever
remember to have seen, amongst which we particularly
observed Madame Victor Verdier, a most effective Rose
of a rich bright cherry colour ; Baroness Rothschild,
a beautiful clear, pale bloom shaded with white ;
Madame John Twombe, Prince Camille De Rohan,
a crimson - maroon of exquisite tint ; Bouquet
d'Or, one of the prettiest to our thinking of the
Noisette varieties ; Empress of India, Louis \'^an
Houtte, Marie Baumann, a bright carmine, very
large ; the sweet-scented Camille Bernardin and Due
de Monlpcnsier. The 2d prize was awarded to the
Rev. W. H. Jackson, of Stagsden Vicarage, who as an
amateur is to be very highly commended in fiori-
cultuie. Messrs. Paul, of Cheshunt, also contri-
buted, not for competition, a miscellaneous col-
lection of cut blooms of bouquet and pompon Dahlias,
a box of exquisite Tea-scented Roses of the greatest
excellence, and a box of the curious but ejiceedingly
handsome Cactus Dahlia Juarezii.
The Society is again to be congratulated upon the
magnificent display of Dahlias, the late brilliant weather
being the making of these flowers. Messrs, Paul & Son,
Cheshunt ; Mr. Henry Glasscock, Bishop Stortford ; Mr.
John Henshaw, Harpenden ; Messrs. E. P. Francis,
Hertford ; and Mr. James Wigan, The Manse, Bishop
Stortford, all staged collections of great merit. Mr.
Henry Glasscock carried off 1st prize for the forty-eight
cut blooms which was no mean victory ; we, however,
noticed that his flowers were generally smaller than those
of Messrs Paul, but he was doubtless fortunate in having
obtamed blooms in the right stage of development while
those of Messrs. Paul were just past theu best. The
collections contained remarkably good flowers of W. H.
Williams, General Roberts, wonderfully fine ; William
Pringle Laird, Royal Queen, John Bennet, a grand
yellow flower with broad scarlet edge ; Gaiety, Duke of
Albany, John Wyatt, HerculeG, a large yellow handsome
flower, striped and speckled rich crimson ; Henry Wal-
ton, and J. C. Reid. Messrs. Kelway »& Son, ol Lang-
port, Somerset, were the only competitors for twenty-four
spikes of Gladiolus, and worthily received ist prize. The
firm also contributed some spikes from their extensive
grounds, not for competition, which were the admiration
of all visitors.
The first of the special prizes, offered by J. Blundell
Maple, Esq., of Childwickbury, St. Albans, for six stove
and greenhouse plants, distinct, was takers by C. R.
Fenvvick, Esq. (gr,, Mr. G. Underwood), High Firs,
Harpenden, with Dipladenia boUviensis, D. amoena,
Allamanda Schottii, Bougainvillea glabra, and VinCa
oculata, the latter being a magnificently grown plant,
about 5 feet in diameter, and completely covered with
blossom. Six loliage plants from the same exhibitor
included Acalypha tricolor, Dieffenbachia picta, Croton
variegatus, Maranta zebrina, and Bonapartea gracilis,
all ot which were fresh and bright, and in excellent con-
dition, and consequently e.xcited a good deal of attention.
Ms. Henshaw, Harpenden, obtained the honours offered
by Mrs. Warde for twelve bunches of pompon Dahlias ;
his meritorious collection of the leading varieties of
Messrs. Turner and Cannell included Little Her-
mann, Guiding Star, E. F. Jungker, Little Nigger,
Sensation. Dora, Dove, and Butterfly. Mr. Henshaw
also carried off the palm for twelve bunches of herba-
ceous flowers, of which plants he is a most successful
grower, and the interest attached to this exhibit was
heightened by the fact that in most instances the name
of the natural order to which the flower belonged, and
the country of which the plant is a native, was attached.
A bloom of Tigridia pavonia var. grandiflora, a bril-
liantly coloured specimen belonging to the natural order
Iridacece, was shown as an extra exhibit by the same
gentleman. For a special prize offered by Messrs. John
Laing & Co., The Nurseries, Forest Hill, London, for
six named tuberous Begonias, there were three compe-
titors, each showing well grown and healthy plants ; but
we think the judges were not far wrong in awarding the
1st prize to J. B. Maple, Esq. (gr., Mr. C. Pollard),
whose collection contained representatives of Vulcan,
Mrs. Highgate, General Wood, Yellow Gem, and Rosa
superba. It may also here be mentioned that Messrs.,
Laing, whose names are intimately associated with the
growth of Begonia, exhibited a large and brilliant col-
lection of cut blooms of these exquisite flowers, pale
yellow, deep rich golden colour, and flaming red being
intermingled both of the single and double varieties,
and amongst these some of the largest and loveliest
specimens which we have yet seen.
The fruit was largely represented, particularly by
Grapes, of which some remarkably fine bunches were
noticed of the variety Black Hamburgh. Peaches and
Nectarines were also good, but the Melons were pro-
nounced by the judges to be scarcely up to average
standard.
Amongst the exhibits entered, not for competition, we
may mention a group of plants and a collection of cut
flowers from Mr. D. Spriging, The Nurseries, St. Albans ;
collection of exotic Ferns and cut flowers from the Hon.
H. F. Cowper, M,P. (gr., Mr. W. Gurney), Brocket
Hall, Hatfield ; collection of Cacti from Mr. T. Wallace,
The Nursery, Abbots Langley ; collection of plants from
Mr. J. Wood, Luton ; and collections of plants and cut
flowers from C. R. Fenwick, Esq. (gr., Mr. G. Under-
wood), High Firs, Harpenden. [From a Correspondent.)
Earley Horticultural: Aug. 21. — This show
has the merit of being a cottagers' purely as far as the
competitive classes are concerned, but a first-rate one as
becomes such a capital rural locality as is the suburbs of
Reading. The schedule included over thirty classes for
cottagers' garden products, and some 250 prizes, so that
there was ample encouragement for good competition,
which throughout was excellent. The show was held in
the delightful park attached to the residence of Captain
Porter at Earley, and which forms a part of the once
famous White Knights' Estate. The residence and
immediate pleasure grounds are modem, and a very
curious and naturally monotonous feature of the fine shrubs
in the pleasure grounds is, that in every direction all are
individualised and rounded, though not absolutely stiff and
formal. Arbor-vitass and Pinuse^ of many kinds. Hollies,
variegated and green ; Laurels, Aucubas, Privet, Box,
of sorts — no matter what, all handsome, rounded, single
specimens, but no where a mass or bank of shrubs. The
effect is most singular but it is any thing but pleading.
Let us add that some big beds of scarlet Pelargoniums
and yellow Calceolarias in rich bloom quite carried us
back to the bedding nf bygone days, and that the place
is admirably kept. The show tents were most effectively
decorated by contributions from the local gardeners, who
most unselfishly worked with marked goodwill to make
the exhibition a success even though they have no prizes
to stimulate their efforts. Mr. Lees, gr. to Mrs. Mars-
land, The Wilderness, placed in conspicuous parts
of the tents some grand pyramidal Coleus, amongst
which specially well done were, Kentish Fire,
Miss Mitton, a local seedling of splendid colour ;
Pompadour, Mr. G. Simpson, and Miss Simpson,
&c. ; also Mr, Lees had a fine Dracaena voluta, Scutel-
laria maxima in rich bloom, and a good Statice prolusa.
Mr. Turton, gr. to J. Hargreaves, Esq;, Maiden Er-
leigh, had a number of his beautiful strain of crimson
pyramidal Celosias, the plants about 3 feet in height and
superbly done ; also a large number of fine pyramidal
Fuchsias, some 7 to 8 feet in height, and many smaller
ones, and also three fine bunches of Black Hamburgh
Grapes. Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Reading, as usual,
put up a wondrously varied and charming bank of plants
in pots and cut flowers, the lormer including some of
their fine strain of Begonias and Gloxinias, faced with
Lobelias and Isolepis gracilis ; then of cut flowers, Sal-
piglossis in many colours, and all so very beautifuf;
Gladiolus, Delphiniums, double and single Petunias,
Hollyhocks, Sweet Sultans, yellow, white, and purple ;
white Godetias, annual Chrysanthemums, Matricarias,
double and single Dianthuses, Gaillardia Lorenziana
in various colours. Stocks in variety, Poppies,
Marigolds, Zinnias, and, not least, some pans of
Phlox Drummondi, the whole making up a very
beautiful collection. Mr. Phippen, also of Reading,
put up a good collection of hardy herbaceous cut
flowers — Gladioli, Dahlias, Asters, &c,, and some
well-flowered pla nts of Hydrangea paniculata ; whilst
all the cottagers' products were good, notably Po-
tatos, of which vegetable some 350 dishes were staged,
and generally remarkably good.
STATE OF THE li'EATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LOyDON,
For the Week ending Wednesday, August 29, 1883.
Hygrome-
tncal De-
Barometer.
Temperature of
THE Air.
ductions
from
Wind.
Tables 6th
0 .
hdition.
0
1
<
c
s
6
RT;
Z
z
1
= 0 .
Us
r
1
g
i
2|-
E
1
i
0
11
> S
P{
Aug.
In,
In.
^
^
s
„
^
In.
'1
30.10
.fo.28
76.0
S3.622.4I6I.2
+ 1.5
51 .0
■6j
N,W.
o,o(i
24
30.08
+ 0.25
77.0
47.4 29A60-8+ 0.3
52..
,s\
E.:
E.B.E.
0.00
=S
29.99
+ 0.15
73.oS4.3J23;7|63.sl+ 3.o|sS.6| 76
E.
b',03
2O
2995
29 S5
+0.11
— o.co
76.2
74.4
51.0 25.2 62.7> 2.3
50.0 6i|
50.7, 63
W. :
w.sw.
w.
o-oo'
27
ss.s
18.g64.0-f 3.7
0.00
sS
2980
— 0.06
77.0J59 0
i8.o'65.5H- S-35S.i' 7o{
W :
W.NW.
o.oo
29
29.71
-ai6
69.0
59.0
10 062.9 + 2.8 54.3! 74{
W.NW.
0,60
Mean
29.93
-fo.oS
75.4
54.3
21.1 63.1 -f- 2,752.7! 69
■ w.
0:0a
Aug. 23. — Fine bright day and night
— 24. — Fine bright warm day and night.
— 25. — Fine bright hot day and night ; clear.
— 26. — Fine bright day and night ; stars bright.
— 27. — Fine but dull day. Fine night ; cloudless.
— 28. — Fine biighi hot day and night ; rather windy.
— 29.-^Fine day, but mostly overcast. Fine clear night.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending August 25 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea increased from 30.24 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.30 inches by 9 A.M. on
the 19th, decreased to 30.10 inches by 3 p.m. on the
20th, increased to 30.20 inches by 9 A.M. on the
2ist, decreased to 30.15 inches by 3 P.M. on the
2ist, increased to 30. iS inches by 9 a.m. on the
22d, decreased to 30.17 inches by 3 p.m. on the 22d,
increased to 30.27 inches by 9 a.m. on the 23d, de-
creased to 30. 26 inches by 9 a.m. on the 23d, increased
to 30.31 inches by 10 P.M. on the 23d, and was 30.18
inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 30.21 inches, being 0.22 inch higher than
last week, and 0.21 inch above the average of the
week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 84^, on, the 2ist ; oji the
22d the highest temperature was 74". The mean of
the seven high day temperatures was 78°,!.
The lowest temperature in the week was 47". 4, on
the 24th ; on the 22d the lowest temperature was
60°. 4, The mean of the seven low night temperatures
was 54°. 2,
The greatest range of temperature was 3i°.6, on the
20!:h ; the smallest was I3^6, on the 22d, The mean
of the seven daily ranges was 23°. 9,
The mean temperatures were— on the 19th, 62^.4 ;
on the 2oih, 63°.2 ; on the 21st, 63°.S ; on the 22d,
65°.6 ; on the 23d, 62°. 2 ; on the 24ih, 60°. 8 ; and on
the 25th, 63^5 ; and these were all above their
averages by 1^.5, 2',4, 3°.!, 4".9, l".5, o°.2, and 3"
respectively.
The mean temperature was ^'^^i^ being i*,4 higher
September i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
283
than last week, and 2°.4 above the average of the
week.
The hitjhest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 147°, on the 2ist. The mean of the seven
readings was 134^
The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
placed on grass, and fully exposed to the sky, was
40°, on the 24tb. The mean of the seven readings
was 46°. 7.
Rain, — No rain fell during the week.
England : Temperature. — During the week ending
August 25 the highest temperatures were 84", at
Blackheath, 83°.2at Cambridge, and 81' at Sunder-
land; the highest at Plymouth was 71% at Preston
73% and at Bradford 73°.3. The general mean was
76\
The lowest temperatures in the week were 40°
at Truro, 4i°.2 at Nottingham, and 4i*.5 at Cam-
bridge; the lowest temperature at Brij^hton was
52°, at Preston 51*, and at Leeds and Sunderland
50°. The general mean was 46°. 4.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 4I^7 at Cambridge, 36''.6 at Blackheath, and
35" at Nottingham ; the least ranges were 22° at
Preston, and 24° at Liverpool and Leeds, The
general mean was 29°. 6.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, /S".?, at Blackheath 78°.!,
and at Sunderland 75*.7 ; and was lowest at Liver-
pool, 67°. 6, at Preston 68^I, and at Plymouth 69°. 2.
The general mean was 72". 4.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
highest at Brighton, 55°.8, at Blackheath 54^2, and
at Liverpool 54° ; and was lowest at Cambridge,
47°.4, at Wolverhampton 47".S, and at Nottingham
48\5. The general mean was 5I°.2.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Cambridge, 3I^3. at Nottingham 25°.!, and at
Wolverhampton 24'". 6; and was least at Liverpool,
I3°.6, at Preston i4°.7, and at Plymouth i6".5.
The general mean was 2i°.2.
The mean temperature was greatest at Blackheath,
63".!, at Sunderland 62*.8, and at Brighton 62". 5 ;
and was lowest at Wolverhampton, S^^-S* ^^ Bristol
59*. I, and at Sheffield and Preston 59°. 2. The
general mean was 60°. 2.
Rain. — The largest fall was 0.14 inch at Leeds,
0.05 inch at Cambridge, and 0.03 inch at Bradford ;
the smallest fall was o.oi mch at Preston, No rain
fell at Truro, Plymouth, Brighton, Bristol, Leicester,
Blackheath, Wolverhampton, Nottingham, Sheffield,
Liverpool, Hull, and Sunderland.
Scotland : Temperature, — During the week end-
ing August 25 the highest temperature was 74°. 3, at
Dundee ; at Greenock the highest temperature was
68°. The general mean was 70°. 5.
The lowest temperature in the week was 42',
at Perth ; at Aberdeen the lowest temperature was
49°.6. The general mean was 45". 8.
The mean temperature was highest at Dundee,
60" ; and lowest at Perth, 57°. The general mean
was 58", 4.
Rain. — The largest fall was 0.14 inch, at
Aberdeen, and the smallest fall was 0.06 inch at
Greenock. No rain fell at Glasgow, Edinburgh,
Dundee, Paisley, or Perth. The general mean fall
was 0.03 inch.
TAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
Answers to Correspondents.
ASTERISCUS MARITIMUS : An Old Subscriber. This is
correct.
Begonia, Double: W. F. Martin. The flower was
much bruised when it reached us, but it is evidently a
very good variety, and one that your customer should
take care of.
Botanical Record Club : G. E. F. We do not
think the publication is on sale to others than mem-
bers, but you should apply to Dr. Lees, Southampton
Street, Reading.
Cinerarias : F. H. The minute worms are, no doubt,
the cause of the mischief, and you must kill them be-
fore you can stop the plants from going off at the
collar. Try watering with a weak solution of carbolic
acid, reducing it down to the safety-point by experi-
menting on a few plants of no value.
Dahlias : P Davidson. We should say no, but never
tried the experiment.
Digging : Juvensi. About twopence per rod, one
spit deep ; sixpence per rod, if bastard trenched ; and
tenpence per rod if trenched 2 feet deep.
Diseased Pear Leaves : y, V. U. Your trees are
attacked with a fungus, Rcestelia cancellala. It is
one* of thob-e lungi which exist under two or more
forms, quite different in appearance, and growing on
different plants. The yellow jelly-like lungus wnich
grows on Juniperus Sabina and other Conifers is
stated to be the same in a different form which attacks
the Pear. The only thing you can do is to destroy
aU the affected Pear leaves possible, and to remove all
Junipers, &c., from their vicinity.
Elder Water : H, J. C. We should think you can-
not do better than use the leaves now, but we have no
practical experience to offer you. Please let us know
the result.
Tairy Rings : J. C. Perhaps the following extract,
from the elaborate paper of Sir John Lawes, Dr. Gil-
bert, and Dr. Masters, on the mixed heibage of per-
manent meadow, recently referred to in our columns,
will answer your purpose :—" It is here (plot 8, to
which mixed mineral manure without either potash or
nitrogen is applied), where there is no nitrogenous
manure to induce luxuriance, and where there is rela-
tive deficiency of potash, that, as on plot 4, where
there was equally no nitrogenous supply and less pot-
ash still, fairy rings are of very frequent occurrence,
whilst they are scarcely observed on any other plot."
It is fair, then, to suppose that if you apply a dressing
of nitrate of soda, or employ some other nitrogenous
manure, you will get rid of the fairy rings by stimulat-
ing the growth of the grasses.
HOYA CARNOSA : Cajtfious. This is a stove plant, pro-
perly speaking, though it thrives well under cooler
treatment, and should not be disqualified if shown in a
collection restricted to stove plants.
Larch Disease : G. F. You will find a chapter on
this subject in Mr. Michie's Treatise on the Larch
(Blackwood). We cannot, however, say that either
the nature or the cause of the disease is satisfactorily
made out.
Proliferous Rose : G. S. By no niean.s uncommon.
Many such cases have been figured in Gardeners'
Fig. 42. — PROLIFEROUS ROSE.
Chronicle, and the whole subject is treated of in
Masters' Vegetable Teratology. Owing to some cause
which cannot now be determined, the centre of the
flower, instead of remaining arrested in its growth,
lengthens into a branch.
Names of Plants : C. A. Schroedcr. The large leaf
sent is Garcinia xanthochymus, Hk. f, (Xanthochy-
mus pictorius, Roxb.), but the other specimen, called
Garcinia australis, we are unable to name. There is
no such name as G. australis that we can discover, nor
could we find anything I'ke the plant in the Kew her-
barium, although we have gone through the whole of
the Guttiferae. Please send a specimen when in flower.
— C. E. F. I, Lastrea dilatata collina ; 2. L. spin-
ulosa, true ; 3, L. dilatata alpina. — H. J. C. Epi-
dendrum ciliare, a very old species. — 7'. K. ^ Co.
Diplacus glutinosus. — W. M. B. 1, Francoa ramosa ;
2, Sedum carneum variegatum. — D. P. The common
cut-leaved Alder, of which there is a better variety in
existence. — W. Inglis. i, Lilium auratum rubro-
vittatum ; 2, L. speciosum rubrum, commonly called
lancifolium rubrum ; 3. one of the forms of L. Thun-
bergianum. — C. Merinal. Centaurea nigra. — J. A. P,
Lathyrus aphaca. — Connon b* Reed. Specimen in-
sufficient, send a better one. — G. D. Vallance. Cory-
nocarpus laevigata. — L. T. D. Syringa Emodi ; the
other we are unable to name without flowers. — S.
Smit'i. Epipactis media, var. purpurata, rare. —
y. Cornelius, i, Rhus toxicodendron ; 2. Populus
balsamifera ; 3. Viburnum lantana ; 4, Forsythia sus-
pensa. The Abies next week. — Enquirer, i, Send
again when in flower ; 2, Hypericum calycinum ; 3,
Veronica, specimen insufficient ; 4, Acer campestre ;
5, Spiraea filipendula, with double flowers ; 6, speci-
men too poor to name. — "J. M. P, Dendrobium
aqueum, and the other appears to be Saccolabium
Wightianum. — F. Dee, Aibtroemeria paUida, Plu-
meria acutilolia.
New Strawberry -. C. ^ R. If not packed in a
better manner than those sent to us it will not earn
much of a character for "carrying well." The Iruits
were simply reduced to pulp, of which we are no
judge.
Peas: A. R., IVindemiere. An irregular growth, the
main features of which are a Urgely increabed produc-
tion of bracts, and an attempt to produce flowers, the
flowers being grievously distorted, and showmg all
sorts of transformations between green bracts and true
floral organs. At one particular and very early stage
of growth something happened to divert the plant from
its proper course, but what that something was we
cannot say, though we have often seen its effects. No
doubt, when we do discover it, we shall find, as in all
similar cases, that instead of a " freak of Nature "—
which is a myth — everything was dune in strict con-
formity with law and order.
WooDLicE Eating Nectarines : Dr. Miller does
not say whether his tree is trained against a wall, or to
a wire trellis under glass. If tr.iined against an old
wall it is not an easy matter to dislodge woodUce. If
under glass, clear the trees of the enemy by the aid of
the syrmge, then tie a Unen bandage ruund the btem,
and dress it with some glutinous compound that will
not dry quickly.
*^* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the '* Editor," and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staif personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
written on one side only vf the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.
l^" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Office Orders
are requested to send them to the PubUsher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to WilUam Richards, at the post-
office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
B. S. Williams, Upper Holloway, London, N. —
General Bulb Catalogue.
W. Smith & Son, Aberdeen— Dutch Flower Roots, &c.
Wm. Cutbush & Son, Highgate. London, N.— Hya-
cinths, Tulips, and other Bulbous Roots.
John Scott. Yeovil — Dutch and other Bulbs.
Joseph Schwartz, Lyons, France — Roses.
Harrison & Suns, Leicester— Flowering Bulbs. *
Groenewegen & Co., Linnaestraat, Amsterdam —
Bulbous Flower Roots.
James Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen— Hyacinths, and
other Bulbous Roots.
Communications Received.— Aq Old Subscriber (see p. 378).
— W. S.-K S.— M. N.— E. R.-E. H S.— W. b. W.—
P. O.— H. W. T.— A. S. W.-H, L. & Co.— F. S. & Co —
H. D.,Jun.— D. R, & Co — G. E. F— J. D , Canterbary,
New Zealand. -W.C-C & R.-A. W.-W. J. W.-M. K.
—J. L.-W. J. M.— A. O.— Denton.— F. D. S.— J. Day.—
W. Masson.
arluts.
COVENT GARDEN, August 30.
[The subjoined leports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
Men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week precedmg the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only fiom day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.)
We have no alteration to notice this week, business
still continuing dull. James Webber, Wholesale Apple
Market,
Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
15 0-20 o
Fruit.
s. d. s. d.
Apples, ^-sieve .. 16-26
Currants, Black, J^-
sieve .. •• 3 0" 3 9
— Red, J^-;ieve .. 30-40
Figs, per dozen .. 20- ..
Grapes, per lb ..10-20
Gooseberries, J^-siv. 26-33
Lemons, per case
Melons, each ., 10-30
Heaches, per doz. ,. 20 60
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-40
— St, Mich., each 3 6-10 o
P.ums, Jz-sieve .. 50-80
btrawbeiries, per lb. 03-09
Vkgetablbs— Average Retail Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Globe,
20-30
04-..
03-..
Artichokes,
per doz.
Beans. French, lb. .
— Scar et, per lb...
Beet, per dqz, .. 10- ..
Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-20
Carrots, new, p. bun. 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eug-
lish, dozen .. a o- 3 o
Celery, per bundle., i 6- .
Cucumbers, each . . 04-08
Endive, French, per
duzen .. ..20-..
Garlic, per lb. .. 10- ..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
Horse Radish, bund. ^ o- 4 o
PoTATOS.— Kent Kidneys, £a to /s per too ; do.. Regents,
jfi3 los. to jCs per ton.
s. d, s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..10-..
— Cos, per dozen.. 16-..
Mint, green, bunch. . 06-..
Mushrooms, p baskt. 10-20
OnionSi per bunch .. 06- ..
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch.. 04-..
Peas. Lugtish. quart i c- .,
kkdishes, per duz. .. i 6- ..
Small saladuig, pun, 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 26-..
Sweet Poiatos, lb. ., 06- ,.
Tomaios, per lb. ..06-09
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 02-..
284
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September i, 1883,
Plants in Pots.— Avkragk Wholesale Prices.
1. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldii, per
dozen .. ,.i2 0-24 o
ArboV-vitae (golden),
per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o
— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Astets, per djz. .. 4 o- g o
Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Bouvardia, doz. ..i3 0-18 o
Caladiums, per doz. 6 0-24. o
Calceotaria-i, dozen... 40-90
CocksccmDs, doz. .. 30-60
Coleus. doz. .. ..20-60
Dracaena term. doz. 30 0-60 o
— viridis, per doz ..la 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz.ia 0-36 o
Euonymus, vanoui>,
per dozen . . . . 9 o-iS o
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen .. .,6 0-24 o
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen • . • ■ 4
Ficus elastica, each 1
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each , . . . 2
Fuchsias, per dozen 4
Hydrangea, per. doz. 9
Lilium longtflorum,
per do2en. . . . 18
Liliums, variou*i,doz.i2
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..la
Mignonnette doz. .. 4
Myrtles, per doz, .. 6
Palms in variety,each 2
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozeu . . 2
• — decorative, doz. 6
0-18 o
6-70
O-IO o
o- 9 o
0-24 o
0*4? o
0-3J o
0-12 o
6-21 o
0-60
0-12 o
Cut Flowers. — Average Wholesale Prices.
AbutiloQ, It bunches 2
Asters, 12 bunches.. 2
— French, per bun. i
BouvardiEiSi per bun. i
Carnations, 12 blm'^. i
— 12 bunches .. 3
Cornflower. 12 bun., i
Dahlias, la bun .. 3
Delphinium, p. bun. o
Eucharis, per doz. .. 3
Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2
Gardenias, 12 bims.. 3
Gladioli; i z spikes . . i
Heliotropes. 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . . . . 3
— red, 12 b'ooms.. i
Litiums. 12 bun. ..12
Lavender, 12 bun. .. 6
d. s. d,
0-40
0-60
0-30
o- I t
0-30
0-60
6- A o
0-60
6-10
0-60
0-40
6 o
d. J. d.
Marguerites, 12 bun. 60-90
Mignonette, 12 bun. 20-60
MiriEolds, ubun... 20-40
Myosoiis, or Forget-
mf not, p. "2 bun. 20-60
Pansies, 12 bunches 09-16
Pela goniums, i2spr. o 6- i o
— zonal, 12 sprays 03-06
Picotees., 12 bun. .. 20-60
Primula, double, bun. 10-16
Pyrethrum, 12 bun. .30-60
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60
— (outdoor). 12 bun. 30-60
— coloured, doz. .. 30-80
Stephanotis, 12 spr, 26-40
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 20-40
Sweet Soltao, 12 bun 40-60
Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 10-20
White Jasmine, bun. o 6- i o
CORN.
■- At Mark I^ne on Monday last the supply of English
Wheat, consisting chiefly ot the new crop, was very
moderate, quotations ruled at 44-r. 10465. for good white,
and 4ii, to 44^. good red. These prices are "zs, to 4^.
under the extreme rates obtained for the first few small
samples. Old Wheals came down u. to 2J. on the week,
and ranged at 42J. to 47^. for wliite, and 40T. to 45J. for
red. Foreign Wheat met little attention. Merely a
retail business was passing, and prices were fully \s. per
quarter low^r. Flour was td. lower on the week for
foreign, and \s. for English, Barley was steady ; Beans
met a quiet demand, at previous rates ; Peas were scarce,
and zs. to 3J. per quarter dearer on the weak ; Maize was
unchanged ; Oats sold somewhat slowly, but were not
pressed at any tangible decline. — Wedesday's prices
for Wheat remained nominally as on Monday. For
foreign Wheats the tendency of prices was adverse.
Flour was steady on light arrivals. Stout Barley was
fairly firm in value, but grinding sorts were drooping in
value. Maize was held for Monday's rates, but did not
meet ready buyers. Oat sales were not pressed, ship-
ments being reduced. Average prices of corn for the
week ending August 25 : — Wheat, 431. Zd. \ Barley,
29J. ^d. ; Oats, 221. \\d. For the corresponding period
last year : — Wheat, 47J. xod. ; Barley, 30J. <\d. ; Oats,
24J. 9rf.
CATTLE.
At the Metropolitan Market on Monday the trade was
quiet for cattle, but prices were mostly sustained. For
sheep there was a fair demand prevailing, and the pens
cleared at fully steady values or to rather dearer. Quota-
tions :— Beasts, Canadian, 5^. 4ff. to 55. Zd. \ Danish,
4J. \od. to 5 J-. Zd. ; Swedish, 45. xod. ; British, \s. 6d. to
51. 40'., and 5t. 6d. to 6i. 2d. ; calves, 6s. ^d. to 6j. 6d. ;
sheep, 51, 6d. to 6s., and 6s. ^d, to 7s. — Thursday's
cattle trade was very quiet. Prime beasts were steady,
but inferior were dull and weak. Sheep sold slowly at
about Monday's prices. Calves and pigs quiet.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that
supplies were shorter than at the previous market.
Quotations: — Prime Clover, looj. to iioj. ; inferior,
6or. to 75J. ; prime second cut, gos. to io8j. ; best
meadow hay, 80s. to 88s. ; inferior, 40J, to 6^s. ; and
straw, 2gj.to 37J. per load. — Cumberland Market quota-
tions : — Supenor meadow hay, £6'. 10951. ; inferior, 65J.
to 74J, ; superior Clover, iioj. to 120s. ; inferior, 8oj. to
95J. ; and straw, 34J, to 40^. per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields markets reports state
that whilst the supplies increased demand was limited.
Quotations : — Kent Regents, 8oj. to 90J. ; kidneys, looj.
to iios. ; Essex kidneys, Sos. to gos.; Regents, jos. to
Sos. ; Magnum Bonunis, 80s. to gos. ; Roses, 60s. to
705-. per ton. — Imports into London last week :— 3 bags
from Ostend and i basket from Rotterdam.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, i6j. ; Walls End — Hetton,
19J, ; Hetton Lyons, i6j. ; Lambton. i8j. 6d. ; Wear,
16s. ; Tees, 19J. 3^. ; Hulam, i8j. ; Thornley, lys. 6d.
Govemxnent Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
and Tuesday at 991^ to iooy\^ for delivery, and loo^^
to 100^^ for the account Wednesday's closing prices
were looyV to 100^ for delivery, and as on the previous
days for the account. Consols improved on Thursday
to looj to looi lor delivery, and 100^ to 100/5 ^^^ ^^e
account.
SOLUBLE FIR TREE OIL insecticide.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and
Blight- Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a
good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d.,
7s. 6d.f 4J, 6d. a botrle. Per gallon izx. 6d , or less in larger
quantities. Maker, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale
Druggists. New Vo'k : Folker & Fone.
HUGHE'S FIR TREE OIL— Packed for
transit, free per parcels post, at the following low quota-
tion, for stamps with order : —
% pint. Is. Sd. ; I pint, 2s. 9d ;
i}4 pint, Zs. 9d ; I quart. 4r. 10*/.
CONNON AND RE ID, Seedsmen and Florists, Aberdeen. _
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
fAll Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous
„ best black fibrous . .
.. extra selected (.)rchid
LOAM, best yellow fibrous
PREPARtD COMPOST, best
LEAF MOULD ..
PEAT MOULD
SILVER SAND (coarse)
RAFFIA FIBRE, best oiily ..
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported..
,. PAPER, finest imported ..
COCOA-NUT FIBRE KEFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured \>y the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
The Vineyaxd and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by them and all Nurserymen and Seedsmen.
^s. 6d. per sack.
3s. 6d. „
SJ. od. ,,
IS. per bushel (-acks
included).
ts. ^d. per bushel.
jod. per lb.
8d per lb.. 28 lb. 18 J.
lod per lb., 38 )b 21s.
To the Seed and Florist Trade.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Mtssrs. \Vm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfoids.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from HoriicuUural Press and from letters
received by ihe Company from those who have used the manure.
SlUVtR MEOAl-1881. BRONIEMEOAL-ISSI.
To His
Royal
Highncsi
the Pnnce
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PKOCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Gi;aranteeo Ab-olutely Pure. Fbek from any
Foreign Intermixture, Manufactured on the premises
from the famous *' Laguna " Cocoa- Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confu:^ed with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must {■ay your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any 1 have ever tried ;
in fact, ii is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes m Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of ihis letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Polling, Plunging. Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Beoding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALI- SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Bordering to Flower Beds. Combines warmth
and cleanliness with valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, stiictly cash with order. Prices as follows :— Sacks
\s. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 135 ; 15 sacks, iSs. ; 20 sacks, 331.
30 sacks. 30J. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of P. M SPECIAL QUALITY, G.anulated,
in sacks only, 2^. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine Article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, chOBB, BOUND & CO.,
Fibre Works. West berry Road, Millwall, London, E.
Wasps. Flies, &c
DAVIS'S WASP DESTROYER,
unequalled for the destruction of these pests. Sixth
Testimonial from Major Marjory, of Chariham Park .'—August 9,
1883 : "■ Which he has found tffeciive."
js. 6d. and 2.1. td. per packet ; post-free. js. gd. and 2f 10^.
I ondon Wholesale Agents :-0SMAN and CO. ; CORRY,
SOPER, FOWLER and CO. ; and HOOPER and CO.
B. R. DAVIS. Veovil Nurseries, Yeovil.
CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO.
(L/A//r£D),
Horticultural Sundries Merchants,
and Manufacturers of all kinds of
INSECTICIDES and MANURES, GRASS and DRIED
FLOWER BOUQUETS, WREATHS and CROSSES.
/'n every Material and Pat ern.
IMPORTERS OF
DRIED FLOWERS and GRASSES, VIRGIN CORK,
RAFFIA MATS. &c.
Every Horticultural Kequ site required for a .shop kept in
stock Sho# Rooms now complete wiih every novelty for autumn
use, and special attention given to any visiting customers.
CATALOGUES Free to the Trade en aptlicalion.
IS, Flnsbnry Street, London, E.C.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides
and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame-
rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale,
&c., and for Washing all Hard-
Wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
TestlmonlaX
•'Colon Hall Nursery. Shrewsburv, July 28. 1880.
" We 6nd Hudson's Soap a very ufeful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; boih as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kmds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and alt kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you wiih
this testimonial, and remain, yours, truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
BEMABKABLE DISAPPEABANCE !
of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTKACT OF SOAP.
GISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, jince 18:9. against Ked-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, ai.d other BUeht, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon ol soft water, and of from 4 to i6 oz. as a
winter dressing tor Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparatioi sintendedtosupersedeit. In Boxes, if., 3J.. & (oj.m.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies^
Spnrtsmen, and Shore-waders ; is so'd by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, wiih testimonials and dir.ctions for use, in boxes, td.
and IS. eaci. Wh^ilesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLK
COMPANY (Limiied). London.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
loD yards for loj., delivertd at Burnley Station; or Ssjards
for loj.. delivered free per parcels post. Very u^eful oure Cotton
for Curtains, Blii ds. Drapeiies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley.
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine, on rail at yr. 6rf. per ton— not less than 4 ton trucks
Terms cash. — Apply to H SIMS, The Priory. Reigate.
BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundreds Of ions in stock from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 teet. The largest importer in England.
P. B. HAKK.IN. Dution Street, Livernonl.
■'ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
J Virgin Cork. Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND dCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.C
Under tlie Patronage of tlie Queen.
SM ITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
G^
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Cardentrs Magazine says :— " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH. The Koyal Label Factory. Siratford-on-Avon.
LABELS.
WATERPROOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
FISHER, CLARK & CO.,
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
SsrTEUBKK I, 11183.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
285
H
Oil Faint No Longer Neceftsary,
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preseivine Iffunwoik, Woud, cr Stone.
\RtS:!ite tii Trade Math)
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint en
all outdoor woiJc, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
i'liroduced upwards of thirty jears ago by the advertisers and
I's genuine gnod quality, notwiihstai ding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully altered by its constantly increaMng sal»f. It
11. ay be applied by an oidiiiary labourer, requires no mixing
<^r thinning, and is used cold. It is used 10 the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Ke* Gardens, and at the seats of many
bundreds of the N.)bility and Gentry, from whom the most
fl uierinK testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of abiut 30 gallons each, at \s td per gallon
!>t the Manufactory, or u. 8(/. per gallon can iage paid to any
Siatton in the Kingdom.
Unsoi.icitko Testimonial.
" PUrcefield Pa->k. JuTtg 21, 1876 —Sirs -—I have this day
forwarded from Chtpstow to your address a black varnish cask,
10 be filled and returned with as Eood Varnish as the last we
had. which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Pii^rcefield Park. CI epstow — I am, Sirs, yours re-
snectfully. Wm. Cox."
C.^f/T'/t'.V.— Hill & Smith would particulaily warn their
Ciistcmers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
. iveitise.1.
H. & S 's Vamish has bten an article of common use on most
"I the large estates in the k'ngdom lor upwards of thirty years ;
;■ lid their constantly increasii'g trade in it, and the numerous
'1 eslimonials they lejeive, stamp it as a truly genuine aiiicle.
I'very ca,-k is legiL-Iy marktd with their name and Regiaieted
'I -ade Maik as above, with-ut which none i*. genuine.
Large illuMraied CATALOGU £ of Feicing Hurdles, Field
; • d Entrance Gates. &c.. sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffo-dshire ;
1 13, Que^n Victoria Street, London, E.G. ; and 196, St. Vincent
ircei. Oljseow. __^______^^__
ojo^ 21 01 Foreign, of the foUowlng Oj*
V* ilzea, In boxee of 100 and 200 feet, »
3di and 4tlii quaUties always kept In stock :—
20X18
22X18
24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
AU descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
from
aEOBOE FARUILOE & SONS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
tt, St Jolrn'a BtTMt, West Bmltlifleld. London, B.a
^Roaaer'B Garden Edging Tiles.
14x12
20x12
20 X 14
20x16
:6xi2
i6x 14
20x15
22x16
18x12
18x14
18x16
24x16
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great dtirabiliiy. The
plainer sorts ars specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNl AINS. &c , in Anificial Stone.
very durable and ot sup>?rior ftni.sh, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Sueet, Blackfnais, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also
for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors. Balconies. &C.,
from 3X. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plata or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths. &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variecy. Slates, Cement, &c.
F. ROSHEK AND CO . Brick and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L "V E K S~ AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price^ by post, per Tod
orTruckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Sutions. Samples of Sand free by posL
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders prompttv executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade,
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREF.S. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST. BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
bexham: & SON,
9. LOWER THAMES .STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of ao in. by
lain , aoin. by 14 in., 20 in. by i6in., 20 in. by iS in , in i6-oz,
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in alt QuaHties for cutting-up
purpo.'ies, in aoo-ft, and ■jo>ft. cases.
TEN SILVER
AWARDED
BIEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal POTTERY,
f~f Weston sih'ER mark. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILtS, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
frf m I to 30 inches diameter, stand the ftosts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, ii.
SPECIAL ^\-oz. SHf^;-
.<s\
s^
^c
<^ HORTICULTUEAI- SIZSS. ^Jp
20 Boxes, 20 X 12 10 Bo.xes, 20 x 13 I 10 Boxes, 20x14
10 ,, 20x15 10 ,, 20x16 20 ,, 20x18
20 ,, 24X i3 I
In 200 feet Boxes, at 2\^. per foot nett for not less than
1000 fcit. BOXES FREE.
GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OH. and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. Jolin's Street, West Smltlifleld, London, E.C.
FRUIT BOXES.
Made ol stout wood, planed and hinged, with fasteniDRS
and holes, ihrougb which a string can be passed and sealed
on ihe top to prevent all tampering or pilfering. Movable
wooden djvibi ns keep each Peach or Bunch of Grapes in its
place. Wrapped in wool or tissue paper the Peaches fit in
firmly and never bruise.
Boxes for 12 Peaches, Is. each, or lis. 6d. per doz-
24 „ 2s. „ 23s. „
„ for Grapes, 3 divisions, loin. X4in. X4in., 48. each.
TH03. CHRISTY & CO , 155, FenchUTCh Street, E.C.
MAM'PACrURHRS OF HYDRO-INCUBATORS.
UND£B SPECIAL ROYAIi PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders in Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sbeep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key toFarriery,"
£2 i6j. 6d. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that tbe
name, DAT, SON & HEWITT, Is on aU Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
TtM Best
and Qtilckest
Hade.
4-m. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 3^. each.
4-in. Socket Hoi*waier Pipes, 9 feet long, 4X. 6rf. each.
Prite List on application.
HOSE.
PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.
Stands severe tests of Goverament Departments, thus prov-
ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in btrength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.
A correspondent writes : — " I have had a length of your Red-
Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever."
Sample and Pnce of
MERRYWEATHER & SONS,
6j, Long Acie, W.C, ; and Greenwich Road, London, S.£.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garslon, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
pEACH HOUSES FOR SALE, at Aston
■4. HjII, Preston Brook, close to Sutton Weaver Station, on
t)ie London and Nortl^i- Western Railway. — The GUss and
Wood Frames of a Ranee of Peach Houses. 300 feet long,
13 feet wide, 4 feet high at front, and 12 feet high at back. 'I'o
be removed by the Purchaser, doing as little damage as possibt-,
and all to be cleared away before September 8. Offers to be
made to
Mr. ANDREW STORMONT, The Gardens, Aston Hall,
Preston Brook,
JAMBS GEAY.
CONSERVATORIES,
VINEHIES,
OKCHID and PLANT HOUSES, &c , &c.
HOT-WATER APPARATUS for all purposes,
BOILERS. CASTINGS. &c.. &c.
Best Materials and Workmanship. Moderate Prices.
Works and Offices —Danvers Street, Chebea. London, S.W.
No. 75. MELON or CUCUMBER FRAMES.
CASH PRICES— Carriage Fatd.
No. I .. .. 8 it. long .. 6 ft. wide .. f,^ 7 6
No. 2 .. 12 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 4 '7 6
No. 3 .. .. 16 ft. long .. ^ 6 ft- wide .. 6 t 6
These Frames are 1;^ inches deep in front, and 24 inches aeep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with a strung iron
strengthening rod. and one handle to each light. All paimed four
coats of best oil colour, the lights being glazed with best 21-oz.
English glass.
B O I L E E S,
For heating all kinds of Horticultural Buildings.
NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY. FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
DAVI D LOWE & SONS,
HOR TICUL TURA L B UILDERS
ANP
HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
GILMORE PARK. EDINBURGH; and CORNBROOK,
CHESTER ROAD. MANCHESTER.
Plans and Estimates on application for every description of
Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.
Garden Frames and Saskes in Stock.
bayliss:jones&<bayliss.
Manufactory VictoiuaWorks.'Wolverhamptor
LONDON OrFlCtS.3,CR''0KEDLANE.,KIWC;WILLWMSr£C.
^LASSHOUSES&i^-EATING:
nmrn-kw^^mm-
.HIGHCATE FOAD .LONDON.N.W^j
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS
HI, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C.
W H LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary. _
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material m vanoul
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at lai, Bunhili
Row, and 3s, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists ot Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walll, faths, and stagei,
sent post-free eo application.
286
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September i, 1883.
THE GARDENER^ CHROKICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Line clta^eed as tivo.
4 Lines
lo
^
0
15 Lines
£o 8
6
6 ,
0
1
6
16 „
0 9
0
6 ,
0
0
17 „
0 9
6
7 ,
0
b
18 „
0 10
0
8 ,
0
1
0
19 »
0 10
6
9 ,
0
6
20 ..
0 11
0
10 ,
0
6
0
21 „
0 11
6
11 ,
0
6
6
22 „
0 X2
0
12 ,
0
7
0
23 „
0 12
6
13 ,
0
7
6
24 .>
0 13
0
14 ,
0
8
0
25 „
0 13
6
AND SIXPENCE FOR
EVERY ADDITIONAL
LINH
If
set across col
umns, the lowest charge
will be
30J.
Page
ip
0
0
Half Page
s
0
0
Column
3
S
0
GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words IS. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line
(about 9 words)-or part of a line.
THESE APVERTISEMENTS MUST BB PREPAID.
IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cazitioned
against having Letters addressed to hiitials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the autJiorities and
returned to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages. 5^. each insertion.
Advertise7Hents for the cuT^ent week must reach the Office
'-' by Thursday noon.
All Subscriptions payable In advance.
The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,\ 3J, \od. ; 6 Months,
1 15. \id. ; 3 Months, 61.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,
;£i 6^. tor 12 Months ; India and China, ^1 Si', ■id.
Post-office Orders to he made payable at DRURY LANE»
W.C-, to W. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W. C.
JOHNSON BROTHERS & CO.
{LIMITED),
6, WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL, S.W.
Builders of Conser-
vatories and all descrip-
tions of Hothouses and
Rocfs, in Iron and
Wood, or a combina-
tion of both, on their
Patent System, with-
out Puity. or, with
Putty, in the ordinary
wav. if preierred.
CORRUGATED IRON STRUCTURES for all purposes.
Plans and Estimates submitted free of cost.
HEATING by H (1 T W A T t k, onihe best Principles.
U S S i A M A T S~,
Archangel. Taganrog, Petersburg, and Dunnage.
SACKS and SEED B.AGS. ROPES. LINES and TWINES.
RAFFIA FIBRE-
TOBACCO PAPER, PEAT and SILVER SAND.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBKE REFUSE. 1.1. 3^. per sack
(sacks included). Descriptive CAl ALOGUE on applicaton.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
I4Q. Commercial Street. London, E.
RCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPUKTERS.- All the usual
kinds at reduced rales. Sacks and Peed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every descnpiion; Kaffia Fibre, Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloihs, Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and 5. Wormwood Street, London, E C.
C~AE SON'S PAINT.
Patronised by
HER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE UF WALES,
15.000 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTEOOK WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON B^ UNSKILLED LABOUR.
I Cwt, and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, a?td Testimoniats, Post-free.
0 ARSON S,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON. E.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK. DUBLIN;
and 55. ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Cash.
Lithographic Coloured Plates of Vegetables, Fruits.
FLOWERS. &c, or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
CATALOGUES.
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, LITHOGRAPHER
to the Royal Academy, 15, Ruedu Boulevard, Brussels.
Established iSzg. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Natural History. Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that may be required, and Estimates will
be furnished on fuU particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER. 149, Kingsland Road, London, E.
Accidents!- 64, Comblll.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost I Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
BAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ^1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;£25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;^i,84o,ooo has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Cleiks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel BuUdines.
Cbaxine Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
PUMPS and PUMPING MACHINERY
Of every description for Steam, Water, Wind,
Horse, or Manual Power,
Prices upon application "with particulars of requirements.
Warner's Garden, Farm, or
Greenhouse Lift Pumps.
Warner's Improved Farmer's Fire Engine, or
Portable Force Pump for Manure.
Warner's Portable Pump, with
Improved Valves for Liquid
Manure.
J. WARNER & SONS, Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers,
CRESCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ^2DO,ooo. — Reserve Fund, jil75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ,;£io to
;^5coo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds trom £,% per cent, from one
month to 15 years. No suieties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictlv private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ^^zso.oco per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
Established 1867.)
WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.
BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Examiner in Botany, University
of Loudon. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3.1. 6<f.
LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.
A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students,
&c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price 5^. td,
LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.
With Iliustratioas, 8vo, cloth. Price 95.
LINDLEY'S MEDICAL and CECONOMI-
CAL BOTANY. With numerous Illustrations, 8vo,
cloth. Price si.
LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.
For Self-Instiuction and the Use of Schools. Price
\s. sewed.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouverie
Street, E.C.
" There's not a headache in a hogshead of it."
A GiARANTEE :— The finest Irish Whiskey in the World is
"SPECIAL
JURY"
WHISKEY.
Always
Faithful
Every Bottle Guaranteed.
Guaranteed never bottled under SEVEN years old.
Guaranteed same as supplied to Vice-Regal Suites at Im-
perial Hotel, Belfast.
Guaranteed always good alike.
Guaranteed mellow and pure.
Guaranteed best stimulant for Invalids.
Guaranteed best stimulant for Convalescents.
Guaranteed the most wholesome btverage for all.
It is agreed on all sides that New Whiskey is quite unfit to
drink. It produces headache and prostration, by reason of the
fusel oil it contains, which is inseparable from alt Whiskey under
a certain age. and which nothing but age can eliminate.
The consensus of opinion of the Medical Press and of the
Profession at large is that Fine Old Irish Whiskey is the best
stimulant known, not only for Invalids, but for the robust. Such
a desideratum is guaranteed to be
"SPECIAL JURY "WHISKEY.
Sample Bottle 4s. ) Carriage
Sample Quarter Dozen Case .. .. 123. ( Paid
Sample Half Dozen Case 243. [ (United
Sample Dozen Case (2 Gallons full] .. 488.^ Kingdom)
Post-office Order to sole Owner of Brand,
W. J. JURY, Belfast.
Guarantee. — Money returned in every case where satisfac*
tion is not given. Established 1864.
N.B. Tb« price of Whiskey should b« rcgulaud by its age*
G.
ABBEY begs to thank the numerous
applicants for the situations offered on August ii, and
to Slate that the PLACES ARE NOW FILLED.
ARTNER WANTED, in a Landscape and
Ornamental Gardening and Floiist's Business, now
flourishing in a growing neighbourhood. — FLORIST, 5, Exeter
Terrace, West Hampstead, N.W.
WANTED, as GARDENER, an experi-
enced Propagator, with a good knowledge of Rock and
Alpine Plants. References as to character and ability required.
-GARDENER, Guardian Office, Nottingham,
WANTED, a general SINGLE-HANDED
GARDENER. Poultry and Cow, no glass ; married.
— C. LISTER, Darley Dale. Matlock.
ANTED, a MAN and WIFE, to live in
the h^use A thorough Gardener and good Cook.
Assistance given to both. Wages jiJ30, and all found except
beer.— Mrs. HARVEY. Purland Chdse, Ross. Herefordshire.
ANTED, a FOREMAN, for the Glass^-
houses in a Botanical Garden, to take entire charge in
absence of the Curator. Preftrence will be given to a young
Irishman who has had experience in England. As the place is
a responsible one, no inexoerienced man need apply. — Send all
particulars to F. W. BURBIDGE, gt, Haddington Road,
Dublin.
WANTED, as WORKING FOREMAN, in
a Branch Nursery, a man thoroughly competent to
Grow Roses, Fruit and forest Trees, and to take charge with
his Wife of Cow, Poultry, and Pig^. Salary 30^. per week, with
house, coals, and vegetables.— ROBERT MACK and SON,
Rose Nurseries, Catterick. Yorkshire
ANTED, a FOREMAN, for Forest Tree
Department in a Large Provincial Nursery. — Must be
thoroughly experienced, and have had ecod practice in execution
of Orders and Direction of Men — Apply, stating age, wages,
and where previously employed, to Z. Z., Messrs. Hurst &±ions,
152, Houndsditch, London, E.
anted, a FOREMAN, in the Houses.
One who has been accustomed to Grow Fruit and Cut
Bloom for Market preferred. Wages aor. per week with room,
vegetables, and milk, — Aoply, in th« first instance, by letter
only, to ALFRED TOMALIN, The Gardens, Oakwood,
Crayford, Kent.
WANTED, a good working man, as
PROPAGATOR and GKOWER of l^Jants and Cut
Flowers for Market. One being in the trade prefei red, and
well up in the bu?inesfi, with suitable re'ereoce. — State wages re-
quired to G. CONINGSBY. BeJch Nuraery. Southend-on-Sea.
WANTED, a FOREMAN for Flower
Garden. Married ; age 35 to 40, Wages xZs. with
house and garden.— J. MARTIN. Barcote. Faringdon. Berks.
w
Sidcup.
ANTED, an ASSISTANT, for the Fern
Department.— GREGORY and EVANS. Florists,
WANTED, a young MAN, under a Fore-
man, in the Houses. Understands well Watering,
Tying and Potting, and clean in his work. \is. per week,
good bothy, milk, and vegetables.— Mr. GODFREY, Poyle
Manor. Colnbrook. _^ „
WANTED, by a London Seed House, a
YOUTH who has just left school. He would have
every opportunity of acquiring a knowledge of the busmess, as
well as Bookkeeping. Applicants to itate age. &c., addre^sed
to B, A, Gardefiers' ChroTticle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Sirand, W.C.
WANTED, COUNTER- HAND, for a
Belfast House, energetic and trustworthy. Thorough
knowledge of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, and of good address.
— Scate salary and particulars to B. NUTTING and SONS,
60, Barbican, E.C.
WANT PLACES.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.
JAMES carter and CO, have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 2^3, High Holbom, W.C
RICHARD SMITH AND CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any i-ady or Gontlemaa with
particulars, &c,— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
Septembek I, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
287
RB. LAIRD AND SONS (late DovvNiE cSc
• Lairu) can at present recominetid with every confi-
dence several firsi-raie SCOTCH GAKDENERS, whose
character and abilities may be thorouglily depended upon,
either for Large Establishments or Single-handed Situations ;
also FOREMEN UNDER GARDENERS, and FAKM
Bailiffs.— 17. Frederick Street, Edinbureh.
TJi G. HENDERSON and SON
J- J • have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and good characer wailing re-eneaEem-nts
as HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FOKEMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requirmg such.— Pine-
apple Nur.-ety, Maida Vale. W.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (Jons Cowan), Limited, Garston, wish to
inform any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in want of a
first-rate man as GARDENER, or GARDENER and
BAILIFF, that they are at present in a position to recommend
an exceptionally good man.
To Gentlemen.
MANAGER.— Twenty years' experience, to
Grow (or Market extensively. Grapes, Peache5,
Toniatos, Cucumbers, and Plants for » ut Flowers. Highest
references. — A. S., 17, Water Lane. Watf rd.
ORCHID GROWER, or as HEAD WORK-
ING GARDENER, whereOrchids are Grown.— Age 32 ;
can be Well recommendtd. Well up in the profe-^sion.— A. J.,
Hueh Low & Co., Nurseries. Upper Clapton. London. E.
ARDENER (Head).— T. Cuckney, late
Gardener, Duncombe Parit, is at liberty to engage with
any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical
Gardener. Good testimonials. — Helmsley, York.
GARDENER (Head), at a Country House.
— Married ; understands ihoroughly every branch. Wife
is an experienced Coolt. Good reference —JOHN HAY WARD,
Capt. K. Pudsey Dawson, Delbrug Hall, Craven Arms, Salop.
GARDENER (Head), where three or more
are kept. — Twenty years' exper-ience in the general
routine of a Gentleman's Garden. Eight years* good character.
—J. O.,. Tadworlh Court, F.psom.
/;j.ARDENER (Head), where one or two are
V-T kept. — Age 25 ; unders.lands Vines, Melons. Cucumbers,
Greenhouse, and Flower ;ind Kiichen Garden. Married man s
place preferred— C. W., Ellis, Stationer, Wallington.
C:j.ARDENER (He.^d).— A Gentleman can
^ Strongly recommend his present Gardener to any one
de»irou'i of having a thoroughly competent and steady young
man. Full informaiion will be given. — J. C. G., 83, Grace-
church Stieet, E.C.
GARDENER (Head).— Wm. Alexander,
for nearly five years Gardener to Sir Hugh Dalrymple,
Bart., Luchie, leaves in October, and is desirous of securing
another situation in the above capacity. — WM. ALEXANDER,
Luchie Gardens, North Berwick, East Lothian.
GARDENER (Head). — A Lady recom-
mends her Head Gardener (a Scotchman), steady, honest,
and obliging ; a most excellent Grape Grower, and understands
his work both in the Houses and Garden. References of the
highest order. — Mr. BOLE, The Gardens, Somerleyton Hall.
ARDENER (Head).— Married, Scotch ;
Steady, energetic, and trustworthy. Thirty years'
thorough practical experience in aJl branches of Gardening.
Twenty-two yeari* excellent references from present and pre-
vious employers. — J. GAtiBRAlTH, The Gardens, Down
Place. Guilniord, Surrey.
GARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married,
two children. — The advertiser. lately Head Gardener to the
Earl of Duiiraven, Adare Manor, County Limerick, is open to
an engagement Nineteen year^' practical experience in all
branches of Gardening. Gnod references. Eight and a half
years in last siiuation — For particulars apply to JAMES
DICKSON AND SONS. Chester, or to GEORGE BUTTERY,
Coley, WolsJey Bridge, near Stafford.
GARDENER (Head).— Highly recom-
mended by members of the Nobility, and some o' the
leading horticulturists. Has had very extensive practice in the
Cultivation of all kinds of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers. Is
a fir&t-ctass Grower of Grapes and Strawberries, and fully
competent to Manage a Large Establishment tfhciently and
economically. Holds a Certi6cate and Prize for Herbarium
(Botany &C-) from the Scottish Horticuliural Society, and a
Prize for Original Designs of Kitchen Garden and Forcing
Houses, &c. References as to moral character also are un-
exceptionally good. — W. H. DIVERS, Burghley Gardens,
Stamford.
GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30,
married. — A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Gar-
dener, who has been with him eight years. Thoroughly under-
stands his business. — S. B , 89, Stoke Newingion Road, N.
ARDENER (Head, Working) ; age 30,
married.— Mr. E. J. Daviks of Brookside, Staplefield,
wishes to recommend his Gardener, who has been in his employ-
ment for four and a half years ; is a good practical Gardener. —
H. HYGATE. Staplefield, Balcombe, Sussex.
ARDENER (Head Working).— Thirty
years' experience; good Graoe arid Fruit Grower,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good hand in carrying out
Alterations and Improvements ; care of Land and Stock. Long
and excellent character — A. 6., Mr. Saddington, Nurseryman,
&c.. Hill Sireei, Richmond, Surrey.
GARDENER (HEAD Working).— Age 32,
man ied, no family ; eight years' experience in some of
the finest gardens in England and Scotland. Well up in all
kinds of Fruit Growing ; three years' good character from last
place as Head. Country preferred.— T, H., i, London Stile,
Chi s wick.
GARDENER (Head Working), where
more are kept. — Married, no family; ihorouehly com-
petent, energetic, and trustworthy. Twenty-five year/ practical
experience in bll blanches of the profession Management of
Land and Stock if required. First class character. Leavmg
through estate being eiv«B Up.— R. M., Gfudens, Wood Lodge,
Siwour'i HUi. K«n(,
GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept. — Married, one cliiltJ ; thorouthly
practical in ail branches of the prolession. Highest lefereuces.
—J. GROVJiSlOCK, Quaker's Lane, Little Heath, Potter's
Bar, Middlesex.
GARDENER (Head Working, or Single-
HANDKu), — Aee 32, mairied, no family; experienced in
Growing Grapes, Melons, Cucumbers, Howtr and Kitchen
Gardening Good characier from last and previous employers.
— SEALEY. 7, Highland Place, Aberdare. Wales.
GARDENER (Head, or good Single-
handed) —Age 33. married ; has a thorough praciical
knowledge of the profession in all its branches. Six years' good
character from last bitu.ilion. — W. R., Lawn Cottage, Friern
Paik. North Finchley, N.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen.
O ARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and
VJ bailiff. — Married, no family. Thoroughly practical.
Wife could take charge of the Dairy and Poultry it required.
Twenty-five yeari' good references. — A. B., Messrs. Jackaon's
Nurseries, Kingston Hill. Surrey.
/^ARDENER.— Married ; has a thorough
\^ knowledge of Vines, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, ai^o
I.And and Siijck. Wife good PIaih Cook. Good characters. —
W. S. H.. Purland Chase, ko^s. Hereto. d -hire.
C ^ARDENER.— Age 25 ; eight years' Gar-
^ dener to the late Mr. J. K. Scott, of Walihamstow.
Understands Oichids. (Jood references. —B. SHIP, Mrs. Scott,
The Drive, Walthamstow.
GARDENER.- S. Ross, many years Head
Gardener at Highclere Castle. Newbury. Berks, is at
liberty to treat with any Noblemin or Gentleman requiring the
services of a thoroughly practical Gardener. Excellent testi-
monials.—Address as above.
GARDENER'andBAILIFF.- Married, no
family ; has a thoruu^h knowledge of the profession in
all its branches, including Early and Late Forcing ; also the
Manageiiieni of Home Farm. Has a good knowledge of Land
and Siock, Woods. Tinit»er, and General Estate Work. Has
served five years in the above capacity wiih a Nobleman,
through whose death he is now leaving. Can be well recom-
mended.—F. COkltOULD, Tandndije Court, Godstone.
GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
one or two are kept, or SECoNt-) in a large place. —
Age 26, single. Good experience in glass. — B. KING, The
Webbs, Burgess Hill. Sussex.
GARDENER (Single-handed, or other-
wise).—Age 3->, mirried (one chilo) ; no objection to a
horse. Can be well recommended by present and former
employers — J. H., 71. Lowden Road, Heme Hill. S.E.
i'lJ.ARDENER (Single-handed), or FORE-
VJ MAN in a good establishment. — Age 34 ; good refer-
ences given.- G. H., 6, Newland, Lincoln.
GARDENER (Second, or good Single-
handed). — Six years' experience in all branches. Ex-
cellent character. — M., Edward Gilbert, Queen Street, Derby.
GARDENER (Second).— Age 22 ; five years*
experience, both inside aud out ; two and a half years in
last place- Good references — A. KNIGHT, Ccnyngham Hall
Gardens, Knaresborouch, Yorkshire,
ARDENER (SECOND), or IMPROVER, in
a Nobleman's or Gentleman's garden, — Age 20; tour
years' good character.-A. SAIT, 1 he Lodge, Oaklands, Cos-
ham, Hants.
C:* ARDENER (Under) ; age 22.— W. Swan,
-" Oakley, Failowfield, Manchester, would be glad to
recommend a young man who has lived six years in the above
gardens Is steady, active, and anxious to improve.
GARDENER (UNDER), in the Houses, or in
the Kitchen Garden. — Age 35 ; references and character
from previous and late situations. — E., 14, Gaidea Cottages,
Epsom, Surrey.
FOREMAN, in a good estabHshmenL — Age
22 : has had gcod experience Induors ana Out. Bothy
preferred. Three and a h.ilf years in last place, three years
previous.— G. B. , 'Ihe Gardens, Coles Park, Buniingford,
Herts.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age
25 ; good experience in the Culture and Management ot
Fruit and Plants. Can be well recommended by present and
previousempl lyers.- Mr. F. CARLTON, Wildernesse Gardens,
Seveuoaks, Kent.
FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a Noble-
man's or Gentleman's establishment. — Age 24 ; seven
and a half years* experience. Good character irom past and
present situation.— G. WING. 6, Railwiy Terrace. Rugby.
FOREMAN, in the Houses, on some large
place. — Ape 24 ; nine and a hair years* experience in
Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen
and Flower Gardening. Goed references.— H. GILBERT,
Gardens. Thame Park, Thame Oxon.
OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.
— Age 24 ; ten years* experience ; three and a half years
in last place. — HORTUS, 22, EUesmere Sireet, Crumpsal,
Manchester.
To Nurserymen and Florists.
FOREMAN PROPAGATOR, and
GROWER (Indoor).— Thorough knowledge of the Cul-
tivation of Gardenias, Euchaiis, biephai>otis, Roses, &c.
Twelve years' experience. First-class references. — WM.
Harper, Garaener's Cottage, Pendeford Hall, near Wolver-
hampton. ^
ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24 ;
ten years' experience in Propagating and G owing Soft-
wooded Plants. Well recommended. — H. EDEN, 12, York
Street, Buttb, Coventry.
ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24,
sing'e ; ten years' experience in the London Market
Trade. Five years' good character. — F. J, C., 14, Union
Su«et, High Stte«t, Stoke Newington, N.
PROPAGATOR, under the Foreman, Hard
or Soft-wooded. — Age 21; seven year^' expe-ience, —
W. C", 76, Gloucester Street, Circiiccsier. (lloucesic'shiio.
rOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age ig;
tr three and a hiif years' exptnence.— W._ W., Minestead,
near Lyndhurst Hants.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age i8 ;
t-' has had good experience under GLss. Good character.—
A. C. , Long^haw Garden^, Chipstead, Sutrcy.
TOUi^^NEYMANyinaTNobleman's or Gentle-
t^ man's Garden.— Age 26 ; two years' giod character from
last situation. — G. , 3, Victoria Cottages, Yiewsley, near Ux-
bridge, Middle^.ex.
JOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's establish-
ment, where he can improve in the general routine of
gardening, — Age 20 ; good character and obniiing. Boihy pre-
ferred — J. M,, Park Cottage, Harrow Weald, Stanmore,
Middlesex.
IM PROVER, in a Gentleman's garden, where
three or four are kept. — Age 18; six years' ctiaracter, —
S. FIlKINS, Child's Hill Farm, Chdd'.s Hill, N.W.
IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
estab'ibliincnt. — Age 19 ; hd-. beni six \ears, in ihtj Garden.
'Ihree years' good characier. — H. N., 160, Cromwell Road,
Kedhill
IMPROVER. — A young man desires a
situation in the Seed Bu^iuess. Fuur years' experience.
Good rclctcnces. — A. M., Clare & boo, Cotswold Seed Ware-
hou:»e, Cheltenham.
IMPROVER, in a good Garden.— Age 17 ;
active and intelligent. Member of the Church of England.
Can be well recommended.- CHARLE j MASON, Wiston,
Huntingdonshire.
O MARKET GROWERS.— The Adver-
tiser desires an enpagemeut to Grow for Sale, Ch-jice
Fruits, Cucumbets, l. ut Flowers, and P.ants Tnoroughly
practical and experienced. Goud references. — WM. CLARKE,
47, Cavendish Street, Cemetery Road, Bcdiord.
rpo^FLORISTS" and~J OB BE¥s.—Vy anted
-i- employment by a respeciable middle-jged ac;ii/e man,
who hail been a Geiitieman's Gai dener, or active Partnership. — •
H. K,, 17, Johnson's Kcad, Bromley Common, Bromley, Kent.
O HEAD GARDENERS.— Advertiser can
recommend a tiu-tworihy young man (age 23) for the
Houses, in a large establishment. — G. H., Raveu;»bury Lodgei
Morden Road, Mitcham.
rpo
GENTLEMEN'S
bis son (age 15) under a good Gardener,
in Nursery.
GARDENERS.-
n, wishes to pla
Has had two years
To Nurserymea, Seedsmen, and Fruiterers.
C4.ENERAL N U RbERY FOREMAN,
/ TRAVELLER, or SHOPMAN,— Highly respeciable
middle-aged man. Long experience. References undeniable. —
J. S., Mr. Clark, 3^. Lland.iff Kuad, Canton, Cardiff.
To Seed Merchants and Nurserymen.
MANAGER, HEAD SHOPMAN, or
TRAVELLLK. — The advertiser (age 33). who has
repie^enied ^everal wdl-known Luiidon and Provincial Arms
(17 years), is open to treat for a re-engagement — SEEDS-
MAN, Gardeturs Chronicle Office. 41, Wtliiiigton Street, W.C.
QHOPMAN, or to take Management of Small
^J Retail Business — Seveial years' experience in all branches
of Seed Trade, also B^uqiiets, VVieaths, &c. Good rcfereucas
and Siitisfactory reasons tor leaving preseut situation. — vV, G>t
25, North Row, Warminster.
SHOPMAN. — Age 23 ; eight years' expe-
rience. Has a knowUdge of plants. Highly recommended*
— A. B., 3. Park 'I'errace, Cavent^ish Koad. B.iiham. S.W.
SHOPMAN (Junior).— A young man desires
a situation in a good beed Est.ibtishmt:nt. Three years'
expcrieuce, with a good kuowUoge of pUnt.t. Good references*
— E, M., Mr. R. Cooper, 9.>, Southwark Street, London. S E.
To seedsmen and Nurserymen.
ASSISTANT and INVOICE CLERK.—
Age ai : respectable. Can tjffer eood references, &C. —
ALPHA. 91. FecnCca Road, Balham, s.W.
ASSISTANT, in a good House. — Age 19;
five years* expi^rience in Seeds, Plants, and Flowers.—
F. H. . r86. tlsley koad. Wandsworlh, ^.W.
O THE SEED TRADE. — Wanted to
Apprentice to the Seed Trade, indoors, a boy of 16.
He has had eighteen months experience in a hist-class tirm, and
is hijihly recommended by them. — Mr. F. CHAPlIN,
Eckiiigton, West Per-.hore.
f^ARPENTER and GENERAL
V^ REPAIRER on a Gentleman's Estate. — Middle-aged,
married ; respectable. Welt experienced in Rustic Work,
Polishing, Painting, Glazing, and Jobbing Brickwork. Good
characier fr. m present employer, Ci. Leveson-Uower, Esq.. —
T. SKINNER, High Street, Limpsfield, Redhill, Surrey.
STATE or HOUSE CARPENTER.—
Willing to make himself genera'K useful. Total abstainer.
Good character fiom last place.— J. J. L., 5, Gifford atieet, N.
HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENTandPILLS.—
Coughs, Infliienzs. — The soothing properties of these
meoicamentb render ihtm well W(.rthy of irial in all Diseases of
the Lui gs. In cammon Colds atid Infiucnza the Pills taken
internally and the Ointment rubbed exieniitlly are exceedingly
efficacious. When Ii.fluenza is epidemic ihis treatment is
easicbt, safest, at-d surest. HoUoway's Pills and Ointment
purify the blood, remove all obstructions to its fret: circulation
through the lui E^, lelieve the ovei-gorgcd air tubes, and render
respiration free without reducing the strength, irritating th«
nerves, or dtpre.'-sing the spirits. iuch are the reauy me^ns of
saving suffering wh-.n afflicted wiih Colds, C->ughs. Broi. chilis,
and other complaints by which so many me i)«riou»ly and
p«rauncntly afflicted ia most couuuies.
288
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
IStPTEMBER I, 1883.
HOETIOULTHBAL STEUCTUEES of EVEEY DESCEIFTION, in EITHEB WOOD or IROH, or BOTH COMBIHED.
WOOSEB CHA7EI.3, SHOOTINO LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COUETS, VESA2n>AH3, &e.
"AHT WITH ECONOMY."
Illustrated Catalogue of Ornamental Conservatories.
Plans, prices, and particulars of GEOWING HOUSES.
NURSERYMEN'S CHEAP GREENHOUSES,
PLANT FKAME-, &c.
CHEAP ART SUMMER-HOUSES.
PrO'^pectus of Works of Reference on
Horticultural Buildings and Hot-water Heating-
By F. A. FaWKKS, F.R.H.S.
Any of the above Post free on application to
T. H. P. DENNIS & CO.,
MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.G.
Works: CHELMSFiiRD.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without oception the most useful kind of
Frame for P;aiit Growing, and every one wiih a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn rij.ht over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put togeiher with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few miDUtes. biz>"s and pi ices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and paii.ted : —
6 feel long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free, £,7 15 o
12 feet long, 4 teec wide, ,, „ ,, 4150
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, „ 3 15 o
13 feet long. 5 feet wide, ,, , ,, 6 10 o
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
R. HALLIDAY & CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.
O
O
O
!0
O o
2 K
O fo
>
a
-WATER APPABATUS for WARMING CHUECHES, SCHOOLS. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MAJfSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS. HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.
R. HALLIDAY & CO.,
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses. &o., constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durabiluy cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that THE vhrv best. . , , . ,. . r c —
Conservatories and Winter Gardens desiened architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of oui Brm,
from the smallest to the large. t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boders, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &o., always in stock.
Pla?is, Estimates and Catalogues /ree. Customers 'Waited on in any part of the Kingdom,
Our Maxim ie and always has been —
M ODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK.
THE BEST MATERIALS.
Kg. IP.-Gold Medal EoUer.
STEVEN BROS. & CO.,
IRONFOUNDERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF HOT-WATER APPARATUS,
35 and 36, UPPER THAMES ST., LONDON, E.G.
No. 28.— Terminal End
Boiler.
>UJ.U1I."JJ^1- ^jW \^.-
,-i-L, UI': rr - .^^
No. 4S.- Dome-Top Boiler.
VENTILATIMC CREEN HOUSE CEARINO
N!l
Illustrated Price List on
application. Special Prices
quoted for quantities.
Oardsn Ro)ler3.
T/:e Largest and Best Stock of Hot-wate> I Single and Double Cylinder Garden
Boilers, Pipes, Connections, Coil Boxes, Coil Rollers wilh wooden handles. Prices on
Cases, Furnace Fittings, dr'c, in London. \ application.
GOVERNMENT CONTaACTOHS BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Gold and SUver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, i^tk edition, price is.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Adver.isements and Business Letters » " The P""'?!''''';' " cf,5'S"oido^ to"'ll'e°UiS!^'i( Middlesex, mU pSbSudbjr
Printed by Willi. M RlcH;^EDS. at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of " hitelriars Oty ot wnuon,
the said William Richabds. at the Office, 4.. Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's. Covent Garden, m '•'Vf''' C="aty^SATORDAY beplembw i^^»j3 (Jlisgcw.
Agent for Manchester— John Hevwoob. Agents for Scotland— Mclsrs. J. MENJIfil « to., ii.auii)»r»" lu™ — ~»
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
Csitaijlisiijeti i84i.
No. 506.— Vol. XX. {sek'^s.} SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1883.
f Regi>;tered at the General \ Price 6d.
I Post-office as a Newspaper. J PosT-FREE, ${4.
CONTENTS.
Botany, Japanese work Lathyriis rotundifoHus .. 307
on . . . . ■ • 3 '5 Lsw of fixtures . . .. 3C9
Brockhurit notes . . 307 Mandevilla suaveolens . . 308
Buckinghamshiregarden, Masdevallia gemmati .. 294
a .. .. •■ ■■ 295 >• Oaskelliana .. 294
Campanula isophylla .. 3*0 New Zealand, the alps
„ Rrandiflora pumila 3; 9 of.. .. .. 299
Campanulas, hybridising 2f)6 Nitrogen of soils . . . . 293
Chinese joss paper . . 3-6 Novelties in nomencla-
Dahlia, spoi tiveness in ture 305
ihe .. .. .. 306 Orchid notes .. .. 302
Dahliap, single .. .. 596 Pinus Cembra. odour of 309
Drought efTects .. .. 304 Plants in flower .. .. 309
Flower garden, the .. 303 ,, new garden .. 194
Florisis' flowers .. .. 302 Potato show, the Inter-
Fruit notes . . . . 308 national 314
Gale, the, and the fruit Rosery, the .. .. 3ro
crops 3t8 , Salix triandra .. .. 31:8
Gentiana aflinis .. .. 309 ! Societies :—
Grass and Clover crops.. 304 Crystal Palace Dahlia
Grapes and vineries .. 303 | and fruit shows . . 310
Hardy fruit garden .. 3^3 Chalfont St. Peter's .. 312
Heaths, hardy .. - 300 Devon and Exeter
Heimu salicifolia .. 306 Horiicultural .. 312
Hibberd, Shiiley .. so8 j Preston and Fulwood
Hyacinth disease . . 308 I Horticultural . . 311
Impatiens Sulcani .. 309 , Yorkshire Naturalists'
International horticiil- Union 311
tural exhibition .. y9 Thunbergias .. .. 306
Jasione monlana .. 306 Wall tree cover, Fawke's 300
Lancashire cotton, mill Weeds 308
fiowtr show ,. .. 296 Weather, the .. .. 313
Lapageria alba .. .. 3^6 Zermait .. ,, 300
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Doronicum plantagineiim var «xcelsum .. .. .. 297
Fawke's Improved Wall Tree Cover ,. .. .. .. 301
Portrait of Mr. iihiilty Hibberd 305
Rose Cutting, a .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30
Salix triandra 3^8
Tropxclum roots -. 3^9
TNTERNATIONAL POTATO EXHIBI-
J TION, September 13 and 14.
The " GARDENERS' CHRONICLE" for
NEXT SATURDAY, September 15, will
contain a FULL REPORT of the SHOW.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
1 IN AMERICA,
The Subscription to America, including Postage, is §6,35 for
Twelve Months.
Agent for America :—C. H, MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street.
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
Soulh Kensington, S.W.
NOTICE ! — COMMITTEES MEETINGS, Fruit and
Floral, at ii A.M., on TUESDAY NEXT. Seolember ii.
Admission I5., which includes entrance to the Great Inter-
national Fisheries Exhibition.
READING HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
A CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOWCin connection with the
above) will be held at Reading, on NOVEMBER 22, Rugula-
lions and Schedule of Prizes on application to
, , c, . T, A- WM. SMITH, Secretary.
97, London Street, Reading. '
THAME SHOW, September 19.
WALKER'S PERPETUAL PEA.
J. WALKFRwill give THREE PRIZES forgo Pods, as
under :— ist Prize, 20^. ; 2d, ics. ; 3d, 51. All Peas sent by
Post will be put in fair competition.
High Street, Thame, Oxon.
Herlsaceous and. Alpine Plants.
PAUL AND SON, The "Old" Nurseries,
Cheshunt.
Priced Descriptive LIST on application.
SPECIAL INVITATION,— Our Nurseries
being now at their best, are open to all who may be
interested in the cultivation of Fruit Trees and Roses.
The journey from London is an easy one, by the Great
Eastern Railway to the Harlow or Sawbridgeworth Station.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON. Sawbridgeworth. Herts.
LILIES OF THE VALLEY.
Direct from the Grower in Germany.
Particulars from Sole Agent,
CHARLES FROHLICH, 14, South Street, Finsbury, E.C.
Roses on Own Roots.
REINE MARIE HENRIETTE,
NIPHETOS, ISABELLA SPRUNT, RfiVE D'OR, &c
Strong plants, 12 to 15 mches high, js, per dozen, or 4 for 2J, 6rf,,
carriage paid.
MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
~ Fines.
FOR SALE, 44 Black Jamaica PINES, fine,
Stout, healthy stuff, in fniiting pots. Perfectly clean and
in fir<t-rate cor.dition. Will be sold cheap.
F. & A. DICKSON & SONS, "Upton" Nurseries, Chester,
£2 Rswsxd
STOLEN, from SANDY FLOWER SHOW,
on ihe 31'^t uU . a Basket of Pods, and a Sample in the
Straw, of Mr. LAXTON'.S NEW PEA "EVOLUTION :"'
also a Dozen PRIZE ONIONS. The above Reward will be
Paid for such inforniation as will lead to the Conviction of the
OfTenders, by T. LAXTON. Seed Grower, Bedford.
HOICE FLOWERS for WINTER.—
TREE CARNATIONS. Glolre de Nancy, La Belle,
and other fine kinds, strong plants. 40J. per 100. BOUVAR-
DIAS, fine plants, with 15 to 30 shoots, best market sorts, in-
cluding Alfred Neuner, 4^.T. per loo.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEO-
LARIAS.—Gull's choiLC strain of the above, in good trans-
planted Seedlings, at 8j per 100, -jos. per 1000. package and
carriage free for cash with orders. Good strong Mar^chal Niel
and other Tea ROSES, in ^S-pots, at 60^. per 100.
T. FLETCHER and SON, Florists, &c., Chesterfield.
Wholesale Bulb Catalogue.
W ATKINS AND SIMPSON, Wholesale
SfiEDSMeN and Bulb Merchants, Exet*?r Street,
Strand, W.C. Their Wholesale BULB CATALOGUE is now
ready and may be had on application. Contains prices of Lily
of the Valley crowns or clumps, American and African Tube-
roses, Double and Smgle Snowdrops, Winter Aconites, Spitaea,
many sorts of Narciss, Tulips. Lilies, Gladioli, and all the
leading varieties of Dutch, English. French and Japanese Bulbs.
Special quotations for large quantities.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from us. to 241. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
ULES DE COCK, Ornamental Plant Nur-
sery, Ghent, Belgium. — Many thousand AZALEAS,
INDICA, MOLLIS, and PONVICA ; DEUTZIA. HELLE-
EORUS, SPIIOEAS, are disposable. CATALOGUE free on
application.
ANE'S PRINCE ALBERT APPLE.—
Come and see this prince of Apples, now in full bearing
on large and small Trees, and numerous other varieties.
H. lane and son. Nurseries. Great Berkhamstead.
Ten Thousand Strong and Very Healthy
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS— Sir Joseph
Paxton and Dr. Hogg— for Sale. Price 25. 6d. per loo.
Apply to C. JOHNSON, Mtad House, Red Hill.
TRAWBERRIES.— We are now prepared
to supply strong healthy Plants, from ground and in
pots, of all the most approved kinds. A select descriptive
LIST post-free on application.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth, Herts.
STRA^WBERRIES— Next Summer, by
planting now : capital roots, ^s. per loo ; Sd. extra per ito
for delivery by parcels post. In a Few Months, by forcing :
plants in pots, i6s. per too. Only the best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application. — RICHARD SMITH and
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
T' H E SELECTED BURGHLEY
J PRESIDENT STRAWBERRY.
Characterised by T.R. H , The Prince and Princess of Wales,
as the largest in &ize and the best in flavour : an enormous
cropper, and splendid glossy colour. Are now ready to send
out on turf, to insure a full crop next season, z^s per loo ;
ordinary Runners half price.
R. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford.
ESSRS. SQUELCH AND BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Maiket,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
W' ANTED, CUTTINGS of PELARGO-
NIUMS— M. Baltet, Candidissima plena. A. J. Ras-
pail, M. Thibaut, Duchess of Bedford, Duchess of Edinburgh,
Digby Grand, &c. State price per loco.
J. O. L., Old Manor House, Lower Mitcham, Surrey.
ANTEdT 25,000" CUTTINGS of CAR-
N.'^TIONS. PICOTEF.S, yellow grounds, salmon-
purple, rose, pure white and pink CLOVES. State price per
100 and 1000 for cash, or EXCH.^NGE CUTTINGS or
PLANTS to same value of Mrs. Sinkins.
W. WEALE, Taplow, Bucks.
ANTED, AUCUBA CUTTINGS, also
HOLLIES, Green and Variegated varieties ; EU-
ONVMUS, Green and Variegated. Price per 1000 or 10,003 to
HUGH LOW AND CO., Clapton Nursery. London, E.
ANTED, QUINCES and MEDLARS,
for preserving. Please state price to
R. R. WHITEHEAD, Borden Wood, Liphook, Hants,
WANTED, PI NEKpEACHEST^ NEC-
TARINES, TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS. GRAPES,
PEARS. PLUMS, &c. Also GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS,
STEPHANOTIS, Marichal Niel ROSES, &c.
V^ISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden.
)ARCELS POST.— CARTERS' BULBS.
PARCELS POST.— CARTERS'
Carriage free.
SEEDS,
PARCELS POST.— CARTERS' SPECIAL
ORDER ROOMS and Parcels Post-office now open.
PARCELS ipbsf7— CARTERS' SPECIAL
VANS and TRUCKS wU! deliver parcels hourly during
the day to the Post-office.
CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, and by
Royal Commarid to H. R H the Prince of Wales.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W.C.
BEAUTIFUL NEW EUCHARIS.
EUCHARIS SANDERI.
Invaluable for Cut Flowers and General Decoration.
5J. each : taken by the dozen, 3J'. iiii. each ;
by the loo, is. 6d. each.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL, Establishment for New and Rare
PUnts. 536. King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
HH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perenniai>.
Post-free 00 application.
(_had Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston, Birmingham.
Hyaclntlis, Tulips. Narcissus. LUles, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer GLADIOLI SPIKES, DAHLIAS, sinele and
double: PYRKTHRUMS, single and double; PHLOXKSaod
TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
Tea Roses— Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
ORCHIDS. — We invite intending Purchasers
to pay us a visit and inspect our Houses.
The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63.
CREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c,,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
HITE CLOVES for FORCING.— loooo
of the Hybrid While Clove (Mrs. Sinkins), large, bushy
stuff, i-yr. old, transplanted, 6s., gj., and I2j. per dozen. The
Trade supplied. Cash , r suitable Exchange.
W. WEALE, Taplow, Bucks.
Lily of the VaUey.
ELSTER AND KOLLMANN, Lubeck, near
I Hamburg, offer the above, 3-yr. old, extra strong
Crowns, at 345. per icoo. Three months terms, or terms for
cash price, on application.
PIR^A PALMATA, for Forcing.— The
finest crowns grown are offered to the Trade at lar., 151.,
20J., and 2SS. per ico
^ CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.
TEA ROSES IN POTS.— Several thousands
to offer, clean, healthy, and full of buds, including a fine
lot of ManJchal Niel and Niphetos — the latter in several sizes.
Prices on application.
F. STREET, Heaiherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer, Farn-
borough Station.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen. Worcester.
FECIAL O F F E R.—
PEL.\RGONIUMS. Lest market varieiits ; red and
white BOUVARDIAS.ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. Strong
plants of each, in thumbs, zoj. per 100, for prompt cash.
ROBERTS BROS, and ARNOLD, East Grinstead, Sussex.
PANSIES. — Prize varieties as competed
with at the leading Scotch Exhibitions, twelve pairs,
cuttings, 3i. 6d., 4J. 61^., and $s. 6d., warranted best sons only.
PENTSTEMONS, extra fine sorts, twelve pairs, cuttings,
3S. 6d. and ^s. 6d PANSIES, twelve seedling, large plants,
in bloom, most beautiful. 2s. 6d. PANSY SEED, from ray
Prize Collection, js. and 2s. 6d. All post free.
M. CUTHBERTSON, Public Park Nursery. Rothesay. N,B.
G
Prize Cob FUbert Trees.
ENTLEMEN desirous of obtaining
the true WEBB'S PRIZK COB FILBERT TREES,
for delivery in October and November, should now send their
orders to Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., Calcot Gardens, Reading,
of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on application.
290
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Dutcli Flower Roots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Room!;. 38. Kme Street. Coveiit
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 12 o'clock preciseiv.a large consicn-
ment of iir^^class IUJUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours: TULIPS. CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private buyers.
On view morninps oF Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.
IMPORTED ORCHIDS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, September
12, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs.
Shuulewcirih, Carder & Co., an importation of CATTLEVA
MENDELLI, CaTTLEYA TRIAN^. ODONTOGLOS-
SUM CRISPUM (Alexandra), O. PESCATOREI, O.
VEXILLARIUM, MASDEVALLIA MACRURA, M.
TROCHILUS, M. HARRVANA, M. SHUTTLEWORTHII,
and the rare M. CUCULLATA, PAPHINIA CRISTATA,
Sec, all in good condition ; also a small parcel of CINCHONA
SEEDS from Ceylon, ORCHID BASKETS, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had^
Thursday Next —(Sale No. 646?.)
VANDA HOOKEKII. true.— VANDA LOWII.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent
Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, September 13. at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a
grand importation of the true large- flowering VANDA
HOOKERII, from Borneo— Vanda Hookerii is of such great
beauty that there are few Orchids like it so well adapted for
cultivation in quantity; some verv fine plants of VANDA
LOWir, CYPRIPEDIUM HOOKERII, C. STONEI and
others: a splendid Int ot ODONTi jGLOSSUM ALEX-
ANDRA, CATTLEYAS. MASDEVALLIAS. ODONTO-
GLOSSUM VbXlLLARTUM, S:c. Also twenty-five plants
ofMUSSA>JDA THEIFERA.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
New Aerldes.
MR. J. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at hii Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on WEDNESDAY,
September 19 a splendid specimen of a new AERIDES in
flower. The plant was brought home about two years ago by the
Collector, and is the only one received. The Collector found it in
flower, and took special care of the plant. It has many growths,
is emire, witli broad leaves, and in extra health, being well
rODtcd and growing freely. The flowers are of extraordinary
size, thirty on the spike, of great beauty, and we consider it the
finest Aendes extant. The specimen may be inspected at
St. Albans.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues hsd.
HigMy Important Sale of EstablisHed Orciilds.
MK. J. C. STEVENS ha5 been favoured
with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, on THURS-
DAY, Sepiember 20, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the small
but CHOICE COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED CAT-
TLEYAS, &c . formed by Edward Salt. Esq., of Ferniehurst,
Shipley, near Leeds, who is di posing of all tiis Orchids which
require other than cool treatment. The Cattleyas. many of
which have been bought in flower, comprise some almost match-
less varieties. They include many specimen plants, have been
grown with little or no shade, are in the most perfect condition,
and well set with flower sheaths. Three magnificent specimens
ofANlHURIUM ANDREANUM will be included, one of
which is believed to be the largest plant in the country if not in
Europe, and very floriferous. The sale will include all the
Cattleyas of the collection, none being reserved.
On vitw m:)rning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Blenheim Palace Gardens, Oxon.
In consequence of re-arrangements about being made in the
above Gardens.
MESSRS. J. AND W. SCROGGS will SELL
by AUCTION, on TUESDAY, September :8 (the same
day as the Woodstock Agricultural ShowJ, at 11 for 12 o'Clock,
SKLECIED PLANTS. The Catalogue will mclude drafts
from the Stove and Intermediate Houses at Blenheim Gardens,
and will comprise several large and well-grown specimens of
Clerodendron Balfounanum, Allamanda Hendersoni, Anthu-
rium crvstallinum, Cycis levoluta, Medinillamagnifica, Stepha-
nctis floribunda, Adiantum Farleyense, Croton Joharmis,
Davallia Mooreana. and Cissus discolor.
The plants will be on view the day previous to sale, by ticket
only. Catalogues and orders to view may be had at the Estates
Office. Blenhemi Palace, of Mr. CLARK, Head Gardener, and
of J. AND W. SCROGGS, Auctioneers, Kidlington. Oxon.
N.li. Inconsequence of the absence of the Family on Sep-
tember 18, notice is hereby given that the Palace and Gardens
will be open to the Public for that day only.
Dutch Bulbs.— Great Unreserved Sales,
Every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside. E.G.. every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at hal'-past ii o'Clock precisely each ttay,
extensive consignments of HYACINTHS. TULI PS, CROCUi,
NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS fiom Hol-
land, in lois to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Tuesday Next
CATTLEYA ELDORADO SPLENDENS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
ate instructed by Messrs. F. Horsman S: Co., of Col-
chester, to SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68, Cheapside, EC, on TUESDAY NEXT, at haT-
past 12 o'clock precisely, a magnificent impunaiion of
CATTLEYA tLDOKJiDO SPLENDENS, the true species
collected on the River Amazon. These were gathered at the
proper season, and are consequently full of leaves, and plump,
unstarled dormant eyes. They are in unusually good condition,
and the whole consignment being offered, this sale presents an
exceptional opportunity for obtaining spleridid specimens of
thi-; rare Oichid. At ihe same time will be sold a fine lot of
L.(ELIA ANCEPS, from quite a new district, and other
ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Friday Next.
SACCOLAEIUM HENDERSONIANUM.
CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM.
CALANTHE VESTITA.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instractions from Mr, F. Sander to SELL
by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, at hall-past 12 o'Cloclc
precisely, a splendid importation of SACCOLABIUM HEN-
DERSONI ANUM. a plant of rare beautv and merit; a prand
lot of CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM, in varieties; CALANTHE
VESTITA. several other CALANTHES; a fine lot of
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E, O. VEXILLA-
RIUM, CATTLEYAS, &c.
On view morning ol Sale. Catalcgue-S at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Lee, Kent, S.E.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE to commence punctually
at It o'clock, in conseqtience of the unusually large number
of I too lots.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. B. Mailer to SELL by AUC-
TION, on the Premises, the Burnt Ash Nursery. Lee, Kent,
S E., adjoining the Lee Railway Station, on TUESDAY,
September 18. at it o'Clock to the minute, without reserve,
20,000 WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS, beautiluUy grown
and well set with fljwer-buds, including lo.ooo EKICA
HYEMALIS, 3000 gracilis. 2000 Wilmorea looo caffra,
and large quantities of melanthera, ventricosa, grandinosa, and
other best varieties; also a quantity of Erica hyemalis, and
other sorts, in large and small 60-oots for growing on ;
7000 SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM, well-beriied ; 2000
ADIANTU1\IS, cuneatum, gracillimum, and Farleyense,
remarkably well-grown : 500 LOMARIA GIBBA, and other
choice DECORATIVE FKRNS, in 4S and 60-pots; a fine lot of
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, CYCLAMEN PERSICUM,
AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, 2000 GENISTAS, 6030 BOU-
VARD IAS, 1000 decorative PALMS, extra strong STEPHA-
NOTIS, HOYAS, Enellshgrown CAMELLIAS and AZA-
LEAS. Marichal Niel and other dwarf ROSES, double
BOUVARDIAS, President Garfield and Alfred Neuner, in 48
and6o-pots, and OTHER STOCK.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., and 8, New
Broad Street, E.C.
Lea Bridge Road Nurseries. Leyton, E,
UNRESERVED SALE.— EXPIRATION of LEASE.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALEol WINTER-FLOWER-
ING HEATHS and other PLANTS, by order of Mr.
John Eraser.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre-
mises, the Lea Bridge Nurseries, Leyton, E., on WEDNES-
DAY, September 19, at 11 o'Clock punctually (in consequence
of there being upwards of 1100 lots), without reserve, many
thousands of WINTER-BLOOMING and other HEATHS,
remarkably well grown, and including hyemalis, gracilis, Wil-
morea, regerminans. caffra, persoluta a'ba, and others ; 1000
EPACRIb, of the choicest kinds ; 20C0 CYCLAMEN PERSI-
CUM. looa GENISTA FKAGRANS, Tea-scented and Noisette
ROSES, SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUM, in berry ; several
hundreds of well-grown CAMELLIAS, well set with bloom*,
400 early flowering and other CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 200
Matt^chal Niel and other ROSES, from 7 to 10 feet; a large
quantity of fine plants of AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, in variety, including Acacias,
Ixoras, Dipladenias, Boronias fine healthy young plants of
Lapageria alba and rosea superba, and other stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., and 8, New
Broad Street, E.C.
Tottenlaam.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE ; to commence punctually
at II o'clock, there being upwards of iioj lots.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Bruns-
wick Nursery. Tottenham (close to White Hart Lane Station),
on THURSDAY, September 20, at 11 o'Clock precisely, by
order of Mr. John Mal'er, without reserve, 20.000 winter bloom-
ing HEATHS, beautifully grown, and abundantly set with
flower-buds, including Erica hyemalis, gracilis, caffra,
Wilmorea, and other best kinds ; 5000 remarkably well berried
SOLANUM CAPSICASTRUAl, unsurpassed in the Trade ;
io:;o ACACIAS. 1000 handsome PALMS, 1000 well furnished
ADIANTUMS, 500 FICUS ELASTICA. 3000 TREE CAR-
NATIONS, best varieties; 50^0 BOUVARDIAS. 1000
CYCLAMEN, icoo EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA, 1000
AZALEAS, large plants of AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS, for
cutting from. 4000 GENISTAS, 500 MYRTLES, 200 EPI-
PHYLLUMS, 500 GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, loco Double
White PRIMULAS, including Gilbert s splendid new varieties;
several thousands of small ERICAS, GENISTAS, &c, for
growing on, and large quantities of DRACAENAS, CROTONS,
FERNS. BEGONIAS. GARDENIAS, AMPELOPSIS
VEITCHII, CLEMATIS, &c., suitable for the Trade, and
other extensive buyers.
May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad
Street, E.C.
N.B. The whole stock is in first-rate condition, the Ericas
beiug especially well set (or flowers.
Wood Green, N.
SECOND ANNUAL TRADE SALE of unusually well
grown Stock. — Important to Nurserymen. Florists, and
others requiring well furnished Plants for Immediate
Decoration,
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Lord-
ship Nursery, Lordship Lane, Wotid Green, N., near the Green
Lanes and Wood Green Stations, on FRIDAY, September 21,
at 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. J. W. Hurst, 15,000
DECORATIVE FOLIAGE PLANTS, in 48 and 32-pots,
including 2000 Palms, consisting of I.atania boibonica. Sea-
forthia elegans, Corypha australis, Phcenix reclinata, and
otheis ; 1600 Dracaenas, including a splendid lot of the true
rubra variety ; 10,000 choice Ferns, including izcm Lomaria
gibba, 1500 Lastiaea aristata variegata, jooo Pteris serrulata,
750 Pteris (Dicksonia variety), 5000 Adiantum cuneatum — fine
plants, principally in 48-pots, 3C0 Dicksonia antarctica, 600
Phlebodium aureum ; large Ficus, Stephanotis, Camellias,
Crotons, and other Stock, the whole of which is remarkably
well grown, and an inspection is invited.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., and 8, New
Broad Street, E.C.
The Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foots' Cray, Kent.
By Order of the Executrix ol the late Mr. K. Sim.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, as above, without reserve, on TUESDAY, Sep-
tember 25, at 12 o'Clock the first portion of the Stock-in-Trade,
comprising an unusually large variety of FERNS, forming one
of the finest collections in the Trade ; 3000 Standard and Hall-
standard ROSES, and OTHER STOCK.
N.B. The Old Established NURSERY BUSINESS is for
DISPOSAL, on easy terms, and ilie Auctioneers will be pleased
to furnibh particulars on application.
Eaton Nurseries, near Norwlcli..
GREAT UNRESERVED CLE.-VKANCE SALE of beauti-
fully grown NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs.
Ewing & Co., who are giving up their Nurseries.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, the Old Established Nurseries at Eaton, near
Norwich, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, September
26 and 27, at \i o'Clock precisely each day. the second portion
of the VALUABLE NURSERY STOCK, comprising the
plants in pots, consisting of about 10,000 Roses in pots of
such sorts as Marechal Niel, Niphetos, Gloire de Dijon, and
other best varieties of Teas and Noisettes; 5000 Clematis in
great vaiiety, of the newest and best kmds ; 5000 variegated
and green-leaved Ivies ; Ampelopsis Veitchii, and other hardy
Climbers in pots in suoerb variety; also about 5000 choice
young Evergreens and Flowering Shrubs, many of them new
and tare ; and large quantities of Japanese Evergreens, Aucuba
j aponica, &c.
May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premise?, and of the
Auctioneers, t-] and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street,
London, E.C.
N B— A GREAT SALE of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL
TREES aid SHRUBS to be held on NOVEMBER 6 and 9,
particulars of which will apoear in du'; course.
Alteration of Date.
L^LIA ELEGANS.— PRELIMINARY NOTICE.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63,
Cheapside, E.G., on FRIDAY, September 28, and NOT
September 21, as previously advertised, a wonderful lot
of LjiiLIA ELEGANS, in masses of unprecedented size and
condition. Furiher particitUrs will duly appear,
RicHmond, S.W.— Expiration of Lease.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Herbst (wh:) has received notice
from the Crown Commissioners to give up the land) to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery. Kew Road,
Richmond, S.W.. on FRIDAY, September 28, at 12 o'Clock
precisely, the whole of the NURSERY STOCK growing upon
that portion of the ground, comprising finely furnished specimen
Conifetse for effective planting ; Cupressus Lawsoni lutea in
quantity ; Lilacs for forcing ; Hollies and small Coniferse for
potting; Hardy Ferns, and a vaiiety of Greenhouse Plants;
40 Double White Camellias from 5 to 7 feet, and other Stock.
May nOkV be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., and 8, New
Broad Street, E,C.
N-B — The Stock must be cleared by the loth of October.
Rlctimond, S.W.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. G, & W. Steell to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the Nursery, Richmond. S.W.,
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 3 and 4. a
large quantity of unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK
in excellent condition for removal.
Full particulars will be duly advertised.
Catalogues (when ready) may be had of the Auctioneers.
Wey bridge.— Preliminary Notice.
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of well-
grown NURSERY STOCK, the Land being required for
Building Purposes.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Oat-
lands Park Nursery, Wevbridge, about a mile from VVeybridge
and Walton Stations, en TUESDAY, October 9, and following
days, by order of Mr. Henry Chapman, several Acres of young
and thriving NURSERY STOCK, in fine condition for
removal, full particulars of which will appear in future Adver-
tisements.
Catalogues may be had, when ready, of the Auctioneers, as
above. ^ ^_
Ealing, W.— Preliminary Notice.
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE.
Important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and Others
largely engaged in Planting,
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instructions from Messrs. Chailes Lee &
Son to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Ealing
Nursery, Ealing, W., on TUESDAY, October 16. and following
days, 12 Acres of beautifully-grown NURSERY STOCK, in
young and ihriving condition, Thousands of Fruit Trees, &c.
The Auctioneers beg to call attention to this highly important
and unreserved sale.
Catalogues will be published in due course, and will be
forwarded on application.
Manor Park, Little Ilford, Essex.
To NURSERYMEN, MARKET GARDENERS,
BUILDfcRS and OTHERS.
VALUABLE FREEHOLD BUILDING or MARKET
GARDEN LAND.
MR. W. H. COLLIER is instructed by the
British Land Company (Limited) to OFFER by
AUCTION, at the "Princess Alice," Romford Road (near
Forest Gate Station), on MONDAY, September 34, at 6 for 7
o'clock in the evening, Six Lois, of about 2 acres each, of
valuable MARKET GARDEN LAND, having important
building frontages of about 240 feet each to the main Ilford
Road, opposite the "Rabbits' Tavern," and several Lots of
eligible FREEHOLD BUILDING LAND, having frontages
to the new road leading from the Ilford Road to Little Ilford,
situate close to Manor Park Station, on the Great Eastern
Railway, and near Wanstead Flats, The property will be sold
free from Tithe and Land Tax. Nine-tenths of the purchase
money may remain on mortgage or contract at 5 per cent.
intere.st, to be paid in nine years by equal half-yearly instal-
ments, but the whole or any part of the balance may be paid off
at any time, without notice. Free Conveyance will be given
on ihe Vendor's Title bei:ig accepted, without further inves-
tigati m.
Paiticulars, Plans, and Cond tions of Sale maybe obtained
about ten days before the Sale, at ihe "Rabbits' Inn." Ilford
Road ; of Messrs. R. & A. RUSSELL. Solicitors, 59, Coleman
Street, London. E.C. ; of the Auctioneer, at the Offices of the
British Land Company (Limited), 25, Moorgate Street, E.C;
and at the place of Sale.
I
September 8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
291
DUTCH FLOW^ER ROOTS
James Veitch & Sons
DEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT THSV HAVE RECEIVED THEIR ANNUAL SUPPLY OP
HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS, TULIP8,and Other BULBOUS ROOTS;
and are pleased to say that they are in fine condition.
BULB CATALOGUE FOR 1883
Has now been posted lo all our Customers ; any one not having received the same, a duplicate
copy ivill immediately he fonvarded Post-free on application.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.
N E ^V AERIDES.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on
WEDNESDAY, September 19, a splendid Specimen of a
NEW AERIDES IN FLOWER.
The plant was brought home about two years ago by the Collector, and is the only one received.
The Collector found it in flower, and took special care of the plant. It has many growths, is entire,
with broad leaves, and in extra health, being well-rooted and growing freely. The flowers are of
e.xtraordinary size, 30 on the spike, of great beauty, and we consider it the finest Aerides extant.
The specimen may be inspected at St. Albans.
071 view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, \}.Q.
TUESDAY NEXT.
CATTLEYA ELDORADO SPLENDENS.
M
ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by
Messrs. F. Horsman & Co., of Colchester, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, a magnificent Importation of CATTLEYA ELDORADO SPLENDENS— the true
species, collected on the River Amazon. These were gathered at the proper season, and are
consequently full of leaves and plump, unstarted, dormant eyes. They are in unusually good
condition, and the whole consignment being oflfered this sale presents an exceptional opportunity
for obtaining splendid specimens of this rare Orchid. At the same time will be sold a fine lot of
L/ELIA ANCEPS, from quite a new district, and other ORCHIDS.
On View Morning of Sale.
CATALOGUES at the ROOMS, and 8, NEW BROAD STREET, LONDON, E.C.
TO INTENDING PLANTERS.
Expiry of Lease.— Clearing Sale.
THE LAW80N SEED AND NURSERY CO. (LIMITED),
EDINBUEGH,
Have resolved to clear off the entire stock of SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED
FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREE STOCKS, ORNAMENTAL TREES for immediate effect,
&c., contained in Windlestrawlee Nursery, Granton Road, as they do not intend to renew the lease,
which expires next year ; their other Nurseries, however, will be carried on as usual. All the
stock not previously sold by private bargain, will be exposed by
PUBLIC AUCTION on the lOlh and 11th of OCTOBER NEXT;
meanwhile special offers will be made upon application.
Particulars in future Advertisements, and Catalogue now in preparation.
Highly Important Sale of Camellias and Orchids.
MESSRS. SMITH and DEWAR have
been instructed by Messr.s. Wm. Thomson & Sons,
Clovenfords, Gala-i^hicls, to SELL, in their Auction Rooms, 79,
Great GeorRe Street, Kdinburgh. on THURSDAY, Sept<;Tnbcr
n. a very valuable lot of CAMtLLIAS in tubs (nearly all
Alba plena) and covered with flower-buds ; aUo some .splendid
SPECIMEN OkCHlDS. all in perfect health and well worthy
of the attention of Orchid Growers.
Plants will be on view on September 12. Catalogues to be
had on application.
Oxford.
To NURSERYMEN. FLORISTS. GARDENERS,
CAPITALISTS, and OTHERS.
All that valuable piece of FREEHOLD NURSERY
GROUND, situate in Marston Street, Cowley Road,
together with a good DWELLING HOUSE thereon,
containing two SiltinK-rooms, Kitchen, and other Offices
on the Ground Floor; two Bed-rooms and W.C. on the
First i'loor, and two Bed lOoms on the Second Floor ;
uKo two Stables. Coach-house (with Loft over), five large
GREENHOUSES (containing about 4000 square feet of
Glass), fitted with Hot-water Appaiatiis ; Brick built Pit*,
Frames, conveniently arranged Potting Shed, and large
Garden stocked with Fruit Trees in full bearing, the whole
covering? an area of about 1 Acre. Gas and Water laid on
to the Premises.
MR. WALTER GRAY will SELL the
above by AUCTION, at the Roebuck Hotel, Oxford,
on WEDNESDAY, September 19, at 6 for 7 o'Clock in the
evening.
This desirable Freehold Estate is admirably adapied for
carrying on the business of a Florist, a good remunerative trade
having been conducted on the Premises for a period of 25 years,
and forms a rare opportunity for any one desirous of entering
upon such an enterprise, or may be laid out in Building Lots,
for the erection of small Villas, or good Cottages, for which it
is well suited. The Property is subject to a small Tiihe-Rent
of about 6j. per annum, and the Land Tax has been redeemed.
The Purchaser wiil have the option of taking to the Stock-ia-
Trade at a valuation.
The Fruit Trees will be sold with the Land.
Tram Cars pass within half-a-minute's walk of the Nursery
Gate, at the Cowley Road end of Marston Street, and_there is
also a carriage entrance from ItYley Road.
A Plan of the Land may be seen at the Offices of the Auc-
tioneer. The site will be pointed out on application to Mr.
Thomas Robinson, the occupier, and possession will be given
upon completion of the purchase.
Should ihe Property not bs Sold in One Lot it will be offered
in Two Lots, as staked out and marked on the Plan.
Further particulars may be obtained of G. D. D. DUDLEY,
Esq , Solicitor, Cornmarket Street; of Mr. T. F. HAWKINS.
St. Giles' Street ; or of the Auctioneer, 30, New Inn Hall
Street, Oxford.
Sander's Lane Nurseries, Woking.
Three miles from Woking Station, and i mile from Worplesdon,
L. & S. W. Railway.
TWO DAYS' NURSERY SALE.
MR. H. W. COPUS has been honoured
with instructions from Mrs. Chapman (who is giving up
the Trade) and from Messrs T. Haldlcrth & Sons, to SELL by
AUCTION, on MONDAY and TUESDAY, September 24 and
25. a large assortment of EVERGREEN SHRUBS, 5000
Berberis Darwinii, 20:0 Cotoneaster microphylla, Cedrus Deo-
dars, s to 7 feet ; 5000 Thuia Lobbii, 2000 Cupressus Lawsoni-
ana, Colchica ard common Laurel, Pinus austriaca. Retioo-
spota plumosa argentea and auiea. Green and Variegated
Hollies, Ribes sanguineum, American Aibor-vita;, Abies
Douglasii, Acer Negiindo, 10,000 Dwarf ROSES, best named
sorts ; Oval-leaved PRIVET, 5000 LABURNUM, 2 lo 8 feet ;
2000 HONEYSUCKLES of sans: 2000 ASH and OAK. trans-
planted ; White .-ind Yellow BROOM. POPLAR of sorts.
LARCH and Scotch FIR. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS,
VINCA ELEGANTISSIMA and MAJOR, VIRGINIAN
CREEPER. Irish IVIES. ASPARAGUS, SEAK.^LE, and
5000 Standard and half-Standard ROSES, best leading sorts;
together with FILBERTS, FRUIT TREES. &c. ; useful
HORSE, HARNESS, VAN and TILT ; Two small Ricks o(
MeadowHAY, small GREEN HOUSE, complete; WINNOW-
ING MACHINE, CHAFF CUTTER, &c.
A Conveyance will meet trains arriving at Woking Station at
10. 50 down, 10.41 up, Portsmouth line ; 11. 9 Southampton, to
take up Purchasers.
Sale to commence at ra o'Clock precisely each day.
Catalogues in due course (post-free) of the Auctioneer,
16, Friary Strett, Guildford, and on the Premises.
Corsham, Wilts.— By the Kailway Station.
FOR SALE, the Established BUSINESS
ol a NURSERYMAN, FLORIST, and SEEDSMAN.
The Premises comprise Dwelling-house, Stable, Glasshouses,
choice stock of Vines, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Seeds, &c. More
than an acre of Land.
Apply to Mr. D. KEEVIL, Corsham ; or, to Messrs.
KEARY, STOKES, AND GOLDNEY, Solicitors, Chippenham.
FOR SALE, a NURSERY, about i Acre.
3 Greenhouses, 18 Lights, 4-roomed Cottage. Lease
17 years. For particulars, apply
H. CROOK, 6. Belmont Place, East Greenwich. S.E.
To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
FOR SALE.— An ESTABLISHED CON-
CERN in the above Business for IMMEDIATE
DISPOSAL, in a good Market Town. In present hands over
twelve years. It includes extensive Peach and other Houses,
a large Garden, House and Shop in main street, with Green-
houses at the back. A good chance for a man who knows his
Bu^^iness and has ;£ioo at his command.
Further particulars to be had from Mr. R. GILLETT,
Valuer, Wiiney, Oxon.
MILLINGTON AND CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
Strawberries.
PAUL AND SON have now strong Plants,
both in small pots and transplanted ; Runners of all the best
kinds of these fruits, now a speciality of the many. LIST on
application.
The " Old' Nurseries, Cheshunt.
ABBAGE PLANTS.— Good strong Early
Rainham Cabbage Plants now ready for putting out,
raised from Seed direct Irom Rainham. Apply
F. TROWELL and SON, Elms Farm, Barnes, Surrty.
292
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[Septeweer 8, 1883.
HENRY ORISON
HORTICULTURAL BUILDER AND HOT-WATER APPARATUS ENGINEER,
STANLEY BEIDGE, KING'S EOAD, CHELSEA, S.W.
:^WB!Z^i^:&.»J^A»£iISISISMiy^M^
THE BEST BUILT HOTHOUSES AND CONSERVATORIES.
Surveys made and Gentlemen waited on in any part of the Country.
CATALOGUES, PLANS, AND ESTIMATES SUPPLIED ON APPLICATION.
MSTJEPASSED BOILERS AID HEATIIG APPAEiTUS.
Sei'Tembur 8, 1883.)
THE GARDENRRS' CHRONICLE.
293
FORCING BULBS
PLANT AT ONCE
TO ENSURE WHITE FLOWERS
AT CHRISTMAS.
Carters' Early While Roman Hjacinlhs,
Tlie Best In the Market.
12 Fine Bulbs post-free 3^. fut
24 Fine Bulbs post-free ts, ni.
50 Fine Bulbs post-free irj. ofi,
100 Fine Buibs .. post-ftee us. od.
Carters' Early Paper White Narcissus.
12 Fine Rulbs .. .. .. .. po^t-free 2i cd.
■z\ Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free i,s. od.
50 Fine Bulbs ,. .. .. .. post-free 71. xnd.
100 Fine Bulbi .. .. .. . post-free \zs. td.
Carters' Extra Large Snowdrops.
100 Fine Bulbs .. .. .. .. post-free 31. dd.
50 Fine Bulbs post-free is od.
For full particuUrs, see
CARTERS' Illustrated CATALOGUE
OF BULBS. ROSES, AND PLANTS,
Grat:s and Posi-Jrcc.
The Queens Seedsmen, and by Royal Command
to H R.H. the Prince ot Wales,
237 and 238, HISH HOLBORN,
LONDON, W.C.
SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER of HARDY PERENNIALS,
SUITABLE for PRESENT PLANTI^G.
CONSISTING of most Useful and Effective
Varieties. T^rincioally strong plants from Ground, gratis
and post-free upon application.
■1 HOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAGINELLAS,
Fuitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price 6i^.) contains much useful information as well as "Hints
on Fern Culture." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
Huring ihe year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
KERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
THE HOME FOR FLOWERS.
All fond of Flowers will find ours the MOST
COMPLETE CATALOGUE of all floral re-
quirements during the autumn and winter,
which has been posted to our valued Customers,
and we should also be pleased to send a copy
to those whom we have not yet had the pleasure
of doing business with. It will be found both
useful and interesting, and supplying a want
so much needed in every Garden. Our Stock
is the finest we ever had, and comprises nearly
everything for the supply and production of the
Choicest Flowers in every private home all the
year round, and supplied at the very lowest
price consistent with quality and correctness,
and packed to all parts of the world. New and
old SOFT-WOODED PLANTS, ROSES,
BULBS, HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL
PLANTS, WINTER-BLOOMING PLANTS,
DAHLIAS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, CAR-
NATIONS, and PICOTEES, with the best
varieties of all sections of Popular Flowers, &c.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
SWANLEY, KENT.
BEAUTIFUL
FLOWEES
AT CHRISTMAS
May be secured by planting
SUTTONS'
FORCING BULBS
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
OF BULBS
Most suited for Late Summer
and Early Autumn Potting,
IN'CLfDING
EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS,
DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, SNOW-
DROPS, CROCUS, JONQUILS,
DUC VAN THOL TULIPS, SCILLAS,
42s., 31s. 6d.',' 21s. and 10s. 6d.
each.
ROMAN HYACINTHS
(FOR FORCING). !. d.
Single White .. per dozen 3s. 6d. : per too 25 0
Single Blue „ 23. Od.; „ 14 0
EARLY NARCISSUS
{FOR FORCING). s. d.
Double Roman . . per dozen 2s. 6d. ; per too 17 6
Paper White „ 23. Od. ; „ 14 0
SUTTONS' HYACINTHS
(FOR FORCJ.VG).
50 Hyacinths, in 25 named varieties
25 ,, 25 „
12 „ 12 „ „
s d.
42 0
22 6
12 0
EARLY TULIPS, Singled Double
(FOR /■ORCING). 1. d.
100 Tulips, in 10 varieties 15 0
60 „ lo „ 8 0
25 „ 5 , 4 0
12 „ 4 2 0
For full particulars of
SUTTONS' CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS
SUTTONS'
AUTUMN CATALOGUE,
Gratis and post-free on application.
ALL GOODS CARRIAGE FREE
(if of 20s. value).
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
and by Special Warrant to
H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES,
BEADING, B]p:RKS.
,62&SB*'^^C^
THE
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1883.
THE NITROGEN OF SOILS.
THE subject of nitro;^en in its relation to
vegetation has occupied the attention of
agricultural chemists, more or less, for the last
100 years ; for it was just between 1770 and
1800 that Black, Scheele, Lavoisier, Cavendish,
and Watt, were engaged in establishing that
common air consists of nitrogen and oxygen,
with a little carbonic acid — that carbonic acid
is composed of carbon and oxygen — and water
of hydrogen and oxygen ; and it was within the
same period that Priestley, Ingenhousz, and
others laboured to show the mutual relations of
these bodies and vegetable growth. To De
Saussure we owe the quantitative illustration
of the fact that plants in sunlight accumulate
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, at the expense
of carbonic acid and water. And from his
numerous experiments he was led to the
conclusion that air and water contributed a
much larger proportion of the dry substance of
plants than did the soils in which they grew ;
also, that the source of the nitrogen of plants
was very probably the nitrogenous compounds
to be found in the soil, together with the small
amount of ammonia which he demonstrated to
exist in the atmosphere.
Closely following on the footsteps of the above
observers came Boussingault, Liebig, then Lawes
and Gilbert ; and the question whether or not
plants assimilate the free or uncombined
nitrogen of the atmosphere, and whether the
stores within the soil itself are an important
source of the nitrogen of our field and garden
crops has, for the past forty years, been the
subject of laborious inquiry in the elaborate
experiments at Rothamsted.
In recent publications of Sir J. B. Lawes,
Dr. J. H. Gilbert, and their coadjutor, Mr. R.
Warington, much valuable information has been
put forward bearing on the question of the
sources ot the nitrogen of our crops, and on
some of the changes which nitrogenous matter
undergoes within the soil. From these authori-
ties we learn that an ordinary arable field of
clay soil in fair agricultural condition, when all
stubble and roots have been removed, contains
in the first g inches of the surface-soil a quan-
tity of organic matter containing about 3000 lb.
of nitrogen, and 30,000 lb. of carbon per acre,
and that this organic matter of the soil has
been derived either entirely from the decay of
vegetable substances left in the land by pre-
ceding generations of plants, or to some extent
from past applications of farmyard or similar
organic manure. The present fertility of a soil
in great measure, therefore, is a natural conse-
quence of its past productiveness.
In growing the same crop year after year at
Rothamsted, on the same land, without any
supply of nitrogen by manure, it has been found
that the average yield of nitrogen per acre per
annum was, in the case of Wheat, grown for
thirty-two years without manure, 20.7 lb., and
in that grown for twenty-four years with a com-
plex mineral manure, '22 i lb. Bariey, grown
for twenty-lour years without manure, yielded
iS 3 lb., and when grown for twenty-four years
with a complex mineral manure, 22 4 lb.
Root-crops, treated for thirty-six years (in-
cluding three years of liarley), with a complex
mineral manure, 25.2 lb. Beans, twenty-four
years without ?nanure, supplied 31.3 lb., and
twenty-four years with a complex mineral
manure, 45.5 lb Ir^ (he case Clover, six crops
294
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 1883.
in twenty-two years, with one crop of Wheat,
three crops of Barley, and twelve years fallow,
without manure, 30.5 lb. ; with complex mineral
manure, 39.8 lb. ; with Clover on land which
had not grown the crop for very many years,
one year, 151.3 lb. ; with a rotation of crops,
seven courses, twenty-eight years without
manure, 36.S lb. ; and with superphosphate of
lime, 45.2 lb. ; with a mixed herbage of grass-
land twenty years without manure, 33 lb. ; and
with complex mineral manure, 55.6 lb. ; lastly,
with Bokhara Clover, five years with mineral
manure, between 80 lb. and 90 lb. of nitrogen
per acre per annum.
Thus the root crops yielded more nitrogen
than the cereal crops, and the leguminous crops
very much more still ; and in all cases of the
experiments on ordinary arable land — whether
with cereal, root, leguminous, or a rotation of
crops (excepting, as yet, the Bokhara Clover) —
the decline in the annual yield of nitrogen, none
being supplied by manure, was very great.
Having briefly summarised the yield of nitro-
gen in different crops, we must now consider
the question, whence comes the nitrogen ? The
following actual or possible sources may be
enumerated : — The nitrogen in certain con-
stituent minerals of the soil ; the combined
nitrogen annually coming down in the direct
aqueous depositions of rain, snow, dew, and
hoar frost ; the formation of ammonia and
nitric acid in the soil from free nitrogen and
nascent hydrogen ; and the direct absorption
of nitrogen from the atmosphere by plants
themselves.
A consideration, however, of these several
sources of the nitrogen of the vegetation which
covers the earth's surface, shows that the deter-
mined amounts of combined nitrogen annually
coming down in the measured aqueous deposits
from the atmosphere in the open country, are
entirely insufficient to do more than supply a
very small proportion of the nitrogen assimilated
by our crops. Also that the balance of direct
experimental evidence is decidedly against the
supposition that plants appropriate to them-
selves the free nitrogen of the air.
If, then, the supply of mineral constituents of
the soil be not defective, and the yield of our
crops is in the main dependent on the amount
of nitrogen which is available to them within
the period of their growth from the soil itself,
the manure applied to it, or from crop residue,
there can be little doubt that the fertility of a
soil must be largely measured by the amount
of nitrogen it contains, and the degree in which
it becomes available. And if this be so, then
the soil may, as Lawes and Gilbert aptly put it,
be a mine as well as a laboratory.
The following table of experiments with Wheat
illustrates the fact of the dependence of the nitrogen
and carbon of the soil on the luxuriance of the
previous cropping :—
Table I.
Annual manuring, and average produce o/ land conttnuously
cropped with Wheat during thirty-eight years. Aho the
percentnge of nitrogen ana. carbon, and the quantity of
nitrogen as nitrates per acre, found in the soil at the end
of that period.
1^"
3"
11
St.-
Plot 6 A,
Mineral U
mmODium
200 lb.
Plot 7 A.
Mineral I/.
mmonium
400 lb.
i5
s
S
<
&
Average Annual Produce (Com atid Straw) per Acre,
1852-81.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
2227
2394
34SO
3954
5710
S''9S
Nitrogen per cent, ijtfirstq inches of Soil, October, iSSi.
o.cga
crgS
o.io^ 1 O.III
0. 131
0.184
Carbon per ant. infirst 9 inches of Soil, October, ,38i.
I.OIO
1.033
1.09s
1.205
1.267
2 133
Nitrogen as Nitrates per Acre infirst 27 indies of Soil,
October, 1881.
,K
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
16.3
25- 1
33-8
29.4
40.1
31.8
An inspection of the above figures will show that
the percentage both of nitrogen and carbon in the soil
is greater according to the weight of the crop annually
produced ; the quantity of nitrogen and carbon in the
first 9 inches of soil is indeed more than one-fourth
larger on 7 "a", yielding 32J bushels of corn and
32I cwt. of straw, than on Plot 4, where the produce
was 14 bushels of dressed corn, and 12 cwt. of straw
only.
Turning to the experiments with Barley, which has
been grown continuously on the same land for thirty
years, we again find, as in the case of Wheat, that
with the continued production of a large crop, the
nitrogen and carbon in the soil are distinctly in excess
of the quantity found when only a small crop has
been obtained. The differences, however, are far less
marked in the case of Barley than with Wheat, the
distinction between the two crops supposed to be
chiefly due to the much smaller proportion of root-
residue left by a Barley crop.
Table II.
Annual tnanuriitg and average produce of land continuously
cropped with Barley during thirty years. Also the per-
centage of nitrogen arid carbon, and the quantity of
ititrogen as nitrates per cure, found in the soil at tJte end
of tluit period.
^
«
^1
£
C
So
SS5
.t/3
E
<
Plot 3 A.
erphospbate,
; and Ammo
Salts, aoo lb
.3
1
«g
^
[S
Average Annual Produce {Corn and Straw) per Acre,
1852—81.
lb.
2150
lb.
26=4
lb.
3609
lb.
5368
lb.
5=43
lb.
6040
Nitrogen per cent, in first g inches of soil, March, 1B82.
0.093 0.090 0.090 0.103
Carbon per cent, in first q inehes of soil, March, 1882.
60
2486
Nitrogen as Nitrates per acre in first 9 inches of soil,
March, 1882.
lb.
16 9
lb.
19.2
lb.
E2. 9
lb.
27.6
lb.
32.1
lb.
45 5
If, however, the Barley field furnishes less striking
illustrations than the Wheat field of the influence of
crop residues, it supplies us with some capital
examples of the accumulations of organic matter in
the soil, which may result from the use of organic
manures. In the Barley field the increase of nitro-
gen and carbon in the soil from the continuous use of
farmyard manure is shown by the figures in the
table to be even greater than in the Wheat field ;
while on the plot annually manured with 1000 lb. of
Rape-cake a similar though smaller accumulation has
occurred.
In regard to the changes which the organic matter
undergoes in the soil, it may be stated that in a fertile
soil oxidation by various agents is continually taking
place, the general result being its conversion into
water, carbonic acid, and nitric acid. The vegetable
residues left by crops are in this way reconverted
into plant food, and made fit to support the life of a
new generation of plants. But the rapidity with which
the oxidation of organic matter takes place in the
soil when the land is under tillage renders the nitrates
produced extremely liable to be washed away by
drainage, unless the skill of the agriculturist is dis-
played in so arranging his methods of culture that
the nitrates shall be a source of profit instead of loss.
The effect of peroxidation in the productiveness of
land is strikingly shown at Rothamsted by the fact
that arable land, though containing only half the
amount of nitrogen that is found in pasture, is,
nevertheless, capable of yielding a greater weight of
annual produce per acre.
Agave Americana Flowering at Oxford.
— The two fine old American Aloes — the green and
the variegated forms — so much admired by visitors
to the Oxford Botanic Garden for many years past,
are now flowering in that establishment, and under
favourable circumstances will continue to expand a
succession of flowers for several weeks to come. The
plants are supposed to be about ninety years old, and
the flower-stems — which hive each twenty-four lateral
branches, as well as a terminal cluster of flowers — are
now 22 feet and 21 feet in height, respectively, from
the tubs in which they are growing.
MASDEVALLIA GEMMATA, «. sp.*
The lovely little dwarf is a connecting link between
the Triaristella and the Fissre group. Its leaves are
fleshy, coriaceous, cuneate, linear, obscurely tridentate
at the apex, reaching 2 inches in length. Mr. J,
O'Brien, who kindly forwarded me the gem, says,
however, " the leaves grow twice the length of those
sent." The thin peduncle bears one flower — at least,
only one at a time. Upper sepal triangular, with
microscopical cilia passing into an orange tail of
equal length, light ochre-coloured. Lateral sepals
larger, oblong, unequal, the inner halves being larger
and more projecting, ochre at the base, with orange
nerves, purple on the anterior part. Tails nearly
equal in length, orange, the halves being unequal.
There is some resemblance to the Triaristellse, which
is strengthened by the leaves, which are totally those
of Masdevallia tridactylites ; yet in the old Triaris-
tella; the lateral sepals extend into a long angle, and
the small tails stand laterally, or like bristles, or like
the teeth of the Babirussa pigs. Petals very small,
one-nerved, oblong, with three very obscure teeth at
the apex. Lip cordate, triangular, short, purple.
The name "gemmata" is applied in reference to the
hundreds of purple, neatly light-breaking papilla,
which stand by crowds on the anterior parts of the
sepals, and a few on the lip. What a pleasure to
look at them with low microscopical powers ! One
might compare the ornament with the velvet glory of
Masdevallia Veitchiana. Mr. O'Brien informs me the
flowers are semi-recumbent. They are equal to those
of Masdevallia picturata, H, G, Rchb. f.
Masdevallia Gaskelliana, «. sp.\
This was imported last year by Mr. F. Sander, and
it has just flowered (end of July) with my excellent
correspondent, Mr. Holbrook Gaskell, Woolton
Wood, Liverpool, under the management of Mr. W,
Davies. I suspect I may have had it before, as I
have had lately some smashed and crushed flowers,
which I could only name as Masdevallia radiosa? —
this being the sister. Mr. Holbrook Gaskell under-
stood to let me have the plant in the best state.
Though it is one of the smaller Saccolabiatae, it is
a very elegant thing. The lanceolate acute, narrow,
somewhat thin leaves scarcely exceed 4 inches in
length. The peduncles would appear to remain one-
flowered. The outer surface of the sepaline cup is
purple-mauve, with two yellow areas on the inferior
base and apex of the lateral sepals. Tails longer,
mauve-purple on both sides. Inside the cup is light
yellowish, hairy, full of mauve spots. Petals purple-
mauve ; bivalved in the usual manner at top, and
these with acute asperities. Lip calceolar, narrow,
long (as in Masdevallia Backhousiana) with one chief
longitudinal keel, and one on each side ; light yellow.
Column light yellow with a very long beak. It stands
nearest to Masdevallia radiosa, H, G, Rchb.f.
CcELOGYNE PR.IiCOX (Lindl.) TENERA, «. var.
This very nice variety flowers at its best in assoeia-
tion with the leaves. The flowers are of the lightest
and most delicate colour, lightest lilac and yellow,
and have a few fine purple-mauve blotches on the
lip. It was kindly sent by Mr. W. Bull. H. G.
Rchb. f.
Cypripedium macropterum, Rchb. f., hybr.
A fresh inflorescence at hand, kindly sent by
Messrs. Veitch & Son — a great improvement. Three
flowers in lieu of two, wider, and with finer colours,
give evidence that this is one of the most stately
artificial products of Cypripedia. H. G. Rchb, f.
• Masdevallia gemmata, n. sp. — Foliis cscspitosis cuneato
lineal I Ugulatis apice minute triHcniatis ; pedunculo capillar!
uoifloro (5C3per ?) ; sspalo impari triangulo tricervi minute
ciliato ; Cauda xquilonga ; sepalis lateralibus oblongis medium
usque fissis, dlmidio intemo amplioribus ; caudis cCquilongis ;
papillis myitis in parte anteriori ; tepalis oblongis obscure tri-
dentatis uninervosis : labello cordato triangulo trinervi. H. G.
Rchb.f.
t Masdez'allia Gaskelliana, n. sp. — Minor, dense cajspitosa ;
foliis cuneato lineari lanccolatis acutis : pedunculo iunifloro
(semper ?), cupula modica, sepalorum partibus liberis trangulis.
intus hispidis, caudis longe extensis ; tepalis ligutatis acutis,
apice bivalvibus inter valvas insquales muriculatis ; labello
calceolari angusto ore denticulate, carinis longitudiualibus
temis ; columna'apice longe rostrata, rostro lineari apice retuso,
denUto. ff. G. Rdih.f,
September 8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
295
A BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
GARDEN.— XI.
August 6, — The Lime avenue is pleasanter than
ever now, on these bright afternoons, when the low
sun strikes amber shafts through the branches, and
light shadows lie on the parquet of brown and yellow
leaves beneath. With every breeze, hundreds of the
winged fruits, like queer little teetotums, come
twirling down. The wrens are busy with their
second or third nests— without counting the cock-
nests at the beginning of the season ; the porch
swallows are thinking of a second brood, and
scatter straws of hay and patches of wet mud un-
tidily upon the stones underneath their nests ; thrushes
go about the lawn followed by two or three great
awkward young ones (the third family), too foolish to
pick up worms for themselves. As for the sparrows,
they are hard at work with probably the sixth or
seventh nest of iheir series. Roses arc coming on in
their second bloom ; low bushes and standards of La
France show large buds and attar-scented blossoms ;
while crimson Roses of many names glow in richest
bloom here and there all over the garden. Precious
as are these late Roses, the chord of colour has
changed so much since Roses were in their prime,
that fresh pink or crimson seem almost misplaced
among the fiery reds and scarlet. White Roses are
seldom so beautiful as one feels they ought to be ; but
a small plant of Rosa rugo^a, in its first season with
us, has been a great pet this summer, with its large
while petals ; the Macartney also is welcome, flower-
ing as it has, for the first time in its life, here. The
buds have hitherto always fallen off, without an
attempt at unclosing, and it has only kept its place on
the wall for the sake of the lovely evergreen leaves,
and yearly promise of abundant bloom. But the only
perfect while Rose, the White Moss, remains still a
dream, and nothing more. There are tall old blueish
pink Roses at the back of the Beechen close, which
have been blooming in almost rank luxuriance. They,
with a few Cabbage Roses and Maiden's Blush, and
a yellow Banksia, were all of Roses the garden had
when first we came here, eleven years ago. At that
time they were thought too ugly almost to live,
and were banished to the outskirts. But time
has brought them round to the front again ;
and now these relics of a bygone Rose age are
beloved for their redundant and perfumed though
irregularly-shaped bloom, and their most uncommon
colour, the red in them being so largely mixed with
cold blue. The York and Lancaster Rose — long lost
and long-coveted — will, I hope, ere next season be
established with us. For the other day in Somerset-
shire we found one growing near a ghostly house in a
deserted garden, and from this plant we have some
healthy suckers.
I find I cannot keep pace with the new Roses ;
they are mostly too large and heavy. They seem to
run too far from the flatness of a really typical Rose
type. We have not m3.dQ pot /our ri this season; but
the Lavender harvest is gathered in, with spikes un-
usually fine. I am not sure, however, that they smell
much the sweeter for their size. It is a pleasant time
when the Lavender is laid out in trays, and the house
is full of the sweetness of it. On these bright windy
mornings the broad walk looks its best. Looking up
from south to north, the end of the walk, framed in
with trees, is bounded by a low quickset hedge, beyond
which lies meadow-land with glimpses of yellow corn-
fields. Beyond all, the soft blue of distant wood. Along
the Yew hedge on one side are long beds in the turf of
single Dahlias ; and on the other side, under the wall,
the border flames with scarlet : the scarlet of those
tall Lychnis which the children call " summer
lightning." And there are sheafs of finely dyed
rose-red Phloxes, and pyramids of blue and white
Campanula, and clumps of dark blue Salvia, grey and
feathery Gypsophila paniculata also, which is quite
priceless for the setting off of delicate Poppies, and
such-like refined and frail kind of flowers in glasses.
Yet the mass of colours would be far more brilliant,
but for the bulbs which lie hidden under the earth.
They must not be disturbed by putting things in, so
there is nothing in the border but that which grows of
itself; all that is in it has its place there, perennially.
Spaces in the wall behind — where the ancient Pear
trees may have perished from old age — are sometimes
dressed with spreading Vines. Last month, a tall blue
Larkspur was caught by the wandering tendrils, and
so they grew together — the Larkspur upheld by her
friend the Vine with a strong and tender grasp.
Green streamers of this Vine also enrich the head of
an iron gate empurpled with intermingling Clematis.
Here, also, almost against the old wall, at regular
intervals, are our Sunflowers — some of them grow
to nearly lo feet in height. After many trials of
other spots, we think now they seem to do best
planted thus. The shelter saves them all conflict
with wind and rain, and they are tali, and straight,
and full, having no cares of weather to divert their
gradual growth to beauty. There was a time when
I did not love Sunflowers. Their constant repetition
as a kind of ;i^5lhetic badge, can scarcely fail even
now to tire. In those days they had no place in the
garden, or only in some out-of-the-way obscure corner.
But once I found a little song of William Blake's, and
ever since, for the music of it, the Sunflower has been
beloved, with the feeling that to know her is to give
her your heart.
" All ! Sunflower ! weary of time,
Who countest the steps of the sun ;
Seeking after that sweet golden prime
Wliere the traveller's journey is done ;
Where the youth pined away with desire,
And the pale virgin shrouded in snow,
Arise from their graves and aspire
Where my Sunflower wishes to go."
Perhaps there is not much of common sense in the
words, but there is something so much better. How
grand these Sunflowers are ! and there is a sweet
and gracious look in the Sunflower's open face. With
all her grand mien and stately stature, she never stares
up direct at her god ; the golden head half bends down
— downward also point the bold symmetrically set
broad leaves, delicately shaped en canr. The whole
aspect is one of contemplation, at least, one fancies
it to be so. There is also a sort of majesty in the one
strong single stem from which proceeds so fine a show
of bud?, and flowers, and leaves. Vet I have never
had the happiness to see her act the part of a poet's
flower — the real Sunflower of our earthly gardens
could never turn her head so fast ; all that I know
she does, is to bloom on which ever side of her the sun
arises. Poets, nevertheless, are the true seers, and,
without doubt, they know what they say. The
French name "Tournesol," would seem to imply a
popular belief that the flower follows the sun.
The silly Dahlia would turn her face to the wall, or
any way. Brilliant as are these single Dahlias, they
are rather trying in their ways ; so much rank leaf
and stalk, and so little flower. The plants sometimes
too large and bushy, sometimes too thin ; and then it
is so irritating when their backs are turned as one
passes along the walk ! The so-called Cactus Dahlia,
however, is not at all tiresome ; it is as beautiful as
possible both in form and colour.
August 26. Sunday Morning, — After a hundred
years, if the Seven Sleepers awoke on an English
Sunday morning they would certainly at once know
what day it was. There is nothing else like it for the
feeling of intense repose. No other stillness can com-
pare with the deep calm of a Sunday morning such as
this. No leaf stirs, there is no cloud moving above in
the hot, hazy blue ; the clatter of the iron road has
ceased, the very birds are still. Swallows alone are
ever on the wing, and the silence is so profound that
the beat of their wings can be heard as they dart by
in rapid course. The busy cornfields lie empty in a
golden rest. Only here and there, where the harvest
is not yet gathered in, the sheaves, like praying hands,
stand together on the field. In the green pastures
the grazing cattle seem to tread with hushed and
silent step. And there is a sound of church bells on
the air, coming clear, yet faint across the level coun-
try. There will be no church for the tired harvest-
men whom we saw yesterday lying on the dusty grass
by the roadside. They are too tired and too ragged
and dirty, but one may hope for them also some rest-
ful influences from the quiet of the day, under such a
blue sky.
The early morning is always the time of all others
for the garden, while the flowers are refreshed with
the dew and the darkness and cool of night, and are
rejoicing yet in the light of a new sun. Soon they
will Vegin to flag in the long weary round of burning
hours. To one who only knows the garden after
8 o'clock A.M. a walk round it between 7 and 8, or
earlier, would be a revelation. On this special
morning the flowers in the east border seem penetrated
through and through with the rapture of existence.
Each Sunflower stands with half transparent shadow,
sharp-cut upon the wall behind it ; its petals fresh
gilt, its centre sparkling with dew. Rose-red Phlox
and flaming sword Lilies, blue Salvia intermixed
with brilliant stars of Dahlias, and an indescribable
mob of smaller more insignificant things. Round the
corner a great mass of common white Clematis fills
the air with fragrance. It is all whiteness and sweet-
ness^it is a summer cloud — a white cumulus of sur-
passing beauty. One of. the stone vases of the gate
pillars is completely hidden under the while foam.
But this matters not ; nothing matters but that we
should have the Clematis there in its loveliness. The
Tigrldias in the entrance court are wide open, and
none would guess how brief their hours were to be.
There are a few perfect Roses — morning glories, and
orange Nasturtiums with bluish leaves. The dew
lies upon all, and one may say in the garden the
Psalmist's words about the valleys thick with corn,
for the flowers all seem to laugh and sing with
joy. Ten glorious days of almost uninterrupted
sunshine have made us very dry. Daily water-
ings help to keep things alive, but the grass is
a little brown in some parts of the lawn^;, and there
are yellowing leaves on the Elms and the older
Laburnums. The dead dry leaves rustle so thick
under foot in the Lime avenue, that one looks up to
see if any green are left.
Most of our German fancy grasses are already^
cut, though a few have still to ripen. We
always sow a good variety, they look so fresh
while In the borders, and afterwards when dried
for the winter. There is the pretty Tussock-grass
with soft downy tufts, and the long feathery kind, like
waving hair, and ,one most delicate and spray-like ;
and new to us this season, is a sort of miniature
Bulrush with a green curved head ; and then there is
a little forest of our English Bashaw-grass. This is
very handsome, and gigantic in size, and came up of
itself in one of the wild bits. The handsomest of all our
grasses this year, however, is a fine blue grass (Elymus?
arenarius), from the dunes of Holland. The colour,
amongst other greens, is absolutely blue. It grows so
strong and the leaves so long, that it might almost be
mistaken for a kind of Iiis. It is strange that this grass
should thrive apparently as well, or even better, in
a Buckinghamshire garden, as in its native sands !
Near the old Syringa on the turf at the greenhouse
door, two large pots of white Campanula are stood
out for change of air. They are so tall, that, passing
by in the gloaming, one is startled by these tall
white people suddenly appearing out of the dusk !
Others of the same pyramidal Campanulas remain in
the house. They are pale pinkish blue and white.
Hundreds of blossoms cover up and hide the whole
plant entirely, and nothing is seen but the mass of
wide open flowerets. So cleverly are the flowers
arranged, there is not a sign of over-crowding, and
yet one cannot tell how it is done, for they are set quite
close and even. The auratum Lilies have promised
soon to open for so long that I have almost lost
patience. Our little grove of them looks well, and
the buds are large and numerous. The dry weather
may possibly have caused them to delay. Constant
watering seems now, however, to have taken effect,
and there are two or three superb blooms. The bulbs
are not taken up for the autumn ; they are only
covered over with fine ashes or cocoa-nut fibre. If a
plant will consent to live in its own place winter and
summer, it seems so much more real, somehow. I
wished to try the plan with our Spanish Irises, but in
their case it proved a complete failure. This autumn
we mean to try cutting down Salvia patens, and
covering up the roots with ashes. I am told that
success is certain.
The parterre is at this time in its full per-
fection. In other gardens I observe the blue Lobelia
is done, but our four beds of the seedling we
raised, with dark bronze foliage, 'is as fine as it was two
months ago. I cannot say the blue is so cool as the
others, but the staying power of this special kind is of
real importance, and the beds are most luminous in
colour. I am greatly enjoying a beautiful large blue
Agapanthus in a green tub, which has been placed on
the grass near a cut Box tree, with a black Irish Yew
in the background. The scarlet Pelargoniums (must
that long name be said?) glow so hotly, they seem
to want as much blue and green as we can give them.
Never has our Magnolia grandlflora flowered so well ;
I have counted nine great blossoms on the two trees at
the same time. The texture of no other flower comes
near to the beauty of the Magnolia, I remember long
ago a white-chested beautiful boy, whose mother
called him in play her Magnolia boy. That little
child was the only thing I ever saw that coidd com-
pare with the Magnolia. E, V. /?.
296
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[Septembek 8, 1883.
A LANCASHIRE COTTON-MILL
FLOWER SHOW.
To note good beginnings is always pleasant ; far
more satisfactory yet is it to watch substantial con-
tinuous work, the objects of the original start kept
steadily in view, and the agreeable and useful results
which always arise from perseverance in a praise-
worthy undertaking, however simple. We have been
led to make this very trite remark through visit-
ing over again the annual flower-show got up by
the horticultural portion of the work-people employed
in the great cotton-spinning concern at Guide Bridge,
near Ashton-under-Lyne, the property of Mr. Hugh
Mason, M.P., and locally known by the name
of the Oxford Mills. It is nine years ago, almost
to the day, that we farst made our way thither and
described what we then saw in the Gardeners^
Chronicle (Sept. 12, 1874). The visit of Saturday
last, the opening day of the current show, that which
we now purpose to speak of, was thus to a spot of
well remembered interest, and at the outset we may
say that the nine years' growth seems to have strength-
ened everything, and at all points. The mills them-
selves are of great magnitude. The wealthy and liberal
proprietor, some thirty or thirty-fiveyears ago, provided
for his workpeople, men, women, and children, to begin
with, a handsome and commodious building, contain-
ing newspaper and conversation rooms, baths, a fine
lecture and music-hall, &c. Outside, a capital gym-
nasium was laid out, with bowling-green, a drying-
ground to give completeness to the women's wash-
tub arrangements, and other such addenda as there
should invariably be to a great establishment where it
is remembered that workpeople are not simply
"hands," but living souls whose health is quite as
important to the community as that of their " betters,"
not to speak of their moral condition. In due course
the excellent idea was conceived of adding plots of
garden ground to be placed at the command of good
and faithful members of this great cotton family, for
such the Oxford Mills people really deserve tobestyled,
the gardens falling in turn to whomsoever, among
the deserving, is willing and able to undertake the
management of one, though in truth they are too
precious to change hands often. For the gardens a
low rent is charged ; everything else above-mentioned
is perfectly free. It is the produce of these little
gardens which the occupiers are encouraged
to exhibit, so far as the season will permit, and get
prizes for, once every year ; and as local operative
friends are allowed to contribute Ferns and flowers for
ornament, though not for competition, the display is
rendered not only cheerful, but pretty, bright, and
animating. Going first through the gardens, it is
astonishing to see how every inch of ground is utilised.
Every yard of soil is covered almost as thoroughly as
a lady's table of fancy work at a bazaar. The
specialities, of course, are on the side of the useful.
Greens, Celery, Onions, and Rhubarb being pre-
dominant. This is just as it should be, since the best
characteristic of a garden, where the space is not
indefinite, is the abundance of what the owner's whole
family can profit by and enjoy. Nosegays are good,
but wise men think first of what will grow in their
garden that is nice to eat ; and perhaps the test even
of the most accomplished and universal of gardeners
is found in the quality of his Grapes and Melons.
Flowers, of course, are not forgotten. At the time of the
annual show the most conspicuous are Phloxes, Stocks,
Antirrhinums, and others of the more easily managed
hardy herbaceous plants. The display of cut Stocks
on September i was really astonishing — splendid
flowers, chiefly of the rosy-red varieties, by the score,
and in the aggregate said by the judges to be
very decidedly superior to those of any former year.
There were quantities also of very good double
Dahlias (a favourite flower with South Lancashire
operative gardeners), and plenty of capital Gladiolus
blooms, with Asters, Marigolds, Pentstemons, and
even Roses. A large number of very well grown
Ferns from a man who we understood to be a wheel-
wright by occupation, served as a very pleasing foil to
the gay colours of the flowers. There were examples
also of dwarf Palms, with plenty of such cottage-
window plants as Fuchsias, Hydrangeas, and Lemon
Pelargoniums. The show was thus a great success in
regard both to quantity and quality, and all concerned
in it were well worthy of the commendation they
received. To give additional interest to the affair,
it is Mr. Hugh Mason's practice to invite some
gentleman who is accustomed to speak in public, to
lead off with anything he likes to say that will be
appropriate to the occasion. This time the platform
was occupied by Mr. Leo Grindon, of Manchester, who
discoursed for nearly an hour upon topics such as the
company present — about 150 working-people — would
be likely to be pleased with. We have often thought
that the managers of flower shows everywhere, and at
all times, would do wisely to secure the attendance of
some gentleman at home with every detail connected
with the plants exhibited, free of utterance, and able
to make himself intelligible — one who, without being
exactly a showman, should accompany all visitors
who cared to avail themselves of the opportunity,
round the tent, or whatever it may be, where the
plants are set out, and explain the most curious and
interesting. The idea was strengthened by the expe-
rience of September l, Mr. Grindon, on the conclu-
sion of his formal address, giving at least another hour
to personal instruction, plant by plant — a sort of
walking botany lesson round the room.
The example set at the Oxford Mills is so good
that one cannot but hope it may be extensively
followed wherever there is land adjacent to the works
that can be utilised in similar manner. We have
many times journeyed though the manufacturing dis-
tricts of South Lancashire, observing on our way how
much land is lying idle, or at all events unproductive,
close to factories, and which could certainly be put to
a use as good and salutary as that which adjoins the
Oxford Mills. The need, we fear, is the generous and
far-sighted spirit of a Hugh Mason. Whether there is
any connection between the two things we do not
know, and have no means of estimating ; but it is
certain that, at Mr. Hugh Mason's mills, there has
never been an instance of a "strike," and we should
not be unwilling to lay a wager, could the evidence,
pro and con, be got, that none of Mr. Hugh Mason's
workpeople have ever been before the magistrates for
outside misconduct. After all these thirty or forty
years' endeavours to provide, in the best way he can,
for the intellectual as well as the physical wants
and welfare of his workpeople, the annual flower
show coming up, with never a break, to prove the
vitality of the work, it must assuredly be a proud
and happy thing for him to see that his generous
enterprises have fructified so well. If there is a man
one can warmly congratulate and wish long life to, it
is plain that we have got him in the proprietor of the
Oxford Mills, Ashton-under-Lyne, Viator,
DORONICUM PLANTAGINEUM
VAR. EXCELSUM.
We are indebted to the kindness of Mr. WoIIey
Dod for the opportunity of illustrating (fig. 43) the
free flowering Composite, described by Mr. N. E.
Brown under the above name at p. 230. As
described by Mr. Brown, it is a very fine and striking
plant, remarkable for its habit of flowering from
March until October. It grows 5 feet or more in
height, and is increased freely by division.
HYBRIDISING CAMPANULAS.
One of your correspondents, whose name is not
given, suggests (August 11, p. 180) that the difflculty
experienced in crossing species of this genus may be
due to self-fertilisation having already occurred in the
bud. Will you kindly allow me a little space for
several reasons why this theory is insufficient ?
The facts, as he states them, are indisputable. The
anthers shed their pollen on the pistil before the bud
opens, and there seems, at first sight, no reason why
fertilisation should not have occurred before the effort
to secure hybridisation is made. But a comparison
of a bud with a flower which has been open for some
time shows that the pollen in the bud is not placed on
the stigma, where it must go in order to effect fertili-
sation, but that it is packed about the style, and held
there by a set of collecting hairs. The true stigma,
meantime, is undeveloped, and it is only in older
flowers that it comes to maturity, when the three or
more lobes of the style, which are stigmatic only on
their inner faces, diverge and are ready for fertilisa-
tion ; as, I believe. Dr. Gray has said somewhere,
the Campanula is, in this regard, a very good example
of how Nature has contrived not to do it.
Around the base of the style is a yellow disc that
secretes a sweet fluid, which is gathered by bees. In
feasting on the sweets, however, they carry pollen
from the style of a young flower to the stigma of an
older one ; and this is precisely what your correspon-
dent should do, taking his pollen from a bud just ready
to open, and placing it on fully expanded stigmas,
Wm. Trebase, Madison, Mis., U.S.A.
SINGLE DAHLIAS.
The more extensively these are cultivated, and the
more their beauty and variety are developed, the more
the wonder grows that they could have been neglected
and ignored so long. Talk of the slaughter of the
innocents among plants, one is appalled at the de-
struction of single Dahlias by thousands and tens of
thousands year after year. Novel in shape, brilliant
beyond power of description in colour, endlessly diver-
sified in stature and habit — but single. Away with
it ; it is not fit a single Dahlia should live. Such was
the theory and practice of the florists for years. Nor
does it become us to blame them too severely. There
is a fashion among flowers as well as dress and other
matters, and fashion is ever tyrannical. Besides, in
this matter of forming the flat single Dahlia into a
round ball, the florists had reason on their side in
destroying the single flower. It is only needful to
note the prodigality of pollen on single Dahlias to see
how hopeless would have been the task of making the
flowers double with all this profusion of pollen filling
the air, and rendering it and the bees superpotent in
favour of singles. No, possibly the suppression of
single Dahlias was a needful step in the production of
those magnificent testimonies to the truth of the theory
of development and the success of the skill and perse-
verance of florists. One can readily enter into their
feelings of excitement and enthusiasm as floret was on
floret piled till their number and prodigality obliter-
ated the Daisy-like eye of the single Dahlia, and left
in its stead the rounded mountain top of short floret
for a perfect centre to a hemisphere of beauty, as per-
fect in form as brilliant in colouring. [This is scarcely
a correct statement ; the florets are not necessarily
increased in number, though they are sometimes.
What really occurs is a complete alteration in the size
and form of the florets. Ed.] Still it is impossible
to measure the loss sustained by decorative horti-
culture by the rigorous suppression of single
Dahlias for so many years. Fortunately the inde-
structible tendency of double Dahlias to hie back to
primitive, that is, single types, and their unlimited
powers of variation are now furnishing us with single
Dahlias in enormous numbers and in infinite variety.
So rapidly, in fact, are single Dahlias increasing that
some are already crying out that we have too many
of them. But surely complaints mostly come from
those unacquainted with their beauty, or incompetent
to judge of their substantial merits for general or
special decorative purposes.
In the decorative gardening of the near and more
distant future the single Dahlia is likely to take the
first place. Verbenas are well nigh extinct, the
Scarlet Pelargonium fever has almost burnt itself out,
jaundiced hues and masses of Calceolarias have
perished, the proud Hollyhock has fallen a victim to
a foreign fungus, subtropical succulents and carpet
bedding are passing away under the pinching grip of
agricultural depression and a series of unfavourable
seasons ; while show and fancy Dahlias, however mag-
nificent as single blooms, have never taken a pro-
minent part in the actual embellishment of our gardens
or the enlivening of our landscapes. The more, in
fact, their special merits have been developed the
more unfit double Dahlias have become for general
decorative uses. Hence, however much it is to be
regretted, it is hardly to be wondered at that the
chief admirers of double are the main decriers of single
Dahlias. The two plants are so distinct that they will
not bear comparison, and the less our single Dahlias
resemble our double ones, the more valuable the
former for the general furnishing of our gardens.
The more of double Dahlias grown in any garden,
the more single ones are needed as a foil to their
stiffness, as a relief to their ponderous weight, that at
all points the two present striking contrasts. Double
Dahlias exhibit the possible development and real
grandeur of single bloom, single ones the rich
capacities and telling effects of masses of Dahlias in
garden and landscape. Double Dahlias, again, are
seen to most advantage in show boxes on exhibition
tables ; single ones are among our useful material
for the filling of vases, glasses, &c., for church, room,
or table decoration. True, this bloom rather lacks
staying power; but they are produced with a prodi-
gality that enables the decorator to cut and come
again if needful. Double Dahlias, when of liliputian
dimensions, are useless for bouquets or personal adorn-
ment, whilst not a few of the single Dahlias of the
present, and doubtless more of those of the near future,
may possibly become formidable rivals of even the
THE GARDENERS' C/fROJV/CEE. — September 8, 18S3.
Fig, 4J,— IJORONICIIM PLANTAGINEUMVAR. EXCELSUM : flowers yellow : POLLEN-GJAIN MAGN. 320 lilAM. (SEE p. 21,6.)
298
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 1S83.
Eucharis, the Rose, the Camellia, &c., for ladies'
hairdress, or bouquets, or gentlemen's button-holes.
The fact is, single Dahlias are daily assuming new
forms, sizes, colours, statures. Instead of the flat,
floppy, flimsy flowers and gawky plants they were at
first, they are developing new types and sizes and
forms of beauty that will render them far more useful
for decorative purposes. The taste for this is also
extending so rapidly that it is difficult to satisfy ; and
yet few plants can be more rapidly or cheaply pro-
duced. The merest novice in gardening knows how
readily Dahlias are propagated by cuttings and root-
division ; few, however, but experts know how
rapidly Dahlias may be raised from seeds. The difti-
cuUy with double flowers is to get the seed. Without
special culture and skill but little seed is produced or
ripened in double flowers, for the best of all reasons —
that the doubleness is at the expense of the stamens,
and so makes an end of their capacity to produce
fruitful seeds. But with single Dahlias all this is
changed, and the centre, which stands up, a cushion
of gold resting on a flat base of crimson or olher
coloured petals, is a veritable seed-bed. These
also ripen freely, and in the open air in our
climate during ordinary summers ; and any one
of them, duly ripened, dried, and preserved, and sown
in heat in February, and pushed on under shelter
till the end of May, may be grown into a flowering
plant, a foot or yard high, and as much through, accord-
ing to its natural stature, by the middle of August.
True, the single Dahlia does not come true from
seed, unless, indeed, only one variety be grown —
and probably not then, for it has variation in its very
blood. But this only enhances its charm. The
element of uncertainty about the results is one of the
strongest allurements and sweetest pleasures in the
raising of seedlings. Those who want uniformity can
propagate by cuttings and root division ; those who
prefer variety, may throw their old roots away and
raise their single Dahlias annually from seeds. What
if some may prove worse, others will as certainly
be better, and nearly all diff'erent from their parent.
Of course, too, the best of the varieties should be
selected for seeds, and also for saving for stock, and
thus two classes of single Dahlias be obtained — the
one developing fixity of character, and the other the
most uncertain and unexpected qualities. The latter
class will possess the most absorbing interest, and
there is no fear but that the seedlings will vary so
widely that hardly two will prove alike. This wide
diversity — even from seed of one species or vareity,
say Dahlia coccinea — is at once one of the chief
mysteries and highest pleasures of single Dahlia
growing. To give an idea of how diverse single
Dahlias become — in the third generation from
coccinea, and also to show what some of our seed-
lings are like — I have forwarded a box of our
flowers. These, however, while showing something
of the rich variety of size, colour, character, and
form of the blooms, can give no idea of the differing
habits and structure of the plants. These differ as
surely as the flowers — and it is such differences
that add so greatly to the decorative value of the
single Dahlia in bed and border. For example — we
have rich orange or yellow varieties a yard or more
high, and others little more than a foot. While the
former are admirably adapted for mixing with Phloxes,
Michaelmas Daisies, &:c., in the backs of mixed
borders, the latter are the most valuable substitutes
for Calceolarias in flower beds or borders. The
habits of the plants are also as diverse as their stature :
some being thin and lanky, others dense and bushy.
While intense floriferousness is the chief characteristic
of most single Dahlias, yet there are degrees of this ;
and while some plants have their ten or twenty
flowers, others have their thirty or even fifty.
The form, as well as the size of the flowers, are
also infinitely varied. Many of our seedlings, as may
be seen by the enclosed samples, are becoming small
by degrees and beautifully less — those marked Daisy
Dahlias are not larger than the wild Daisy of our
meadows. Some of these miniature flowers are flat,
some cupped, some swelling, and others so nearly
reflexed that the lower part of the petals touch the
stems — the latter characteristic giving the blooms a
most undahlialike appearance.
A more distinct, beautiful, and rare form is one
called here Begonioides, from the fact that at a distance
the flowers resemble Begonias of the boliviensis
flection. The florets are narrow and pointed, and
the centre of the bloom also narrow and prominent.
Most of this class are also of buff or orange colour.
The " Poppy" Dahlias are brilliant and beautiful as
a group of Poppies at a distance. This section is dwarf,
most free-flowering, the flowers large, of beautiful form,
and moderately reflexed. They have a peculiar chaste-
ness as well as brilliance that is most satisfymg and
pleasing. These are sure to have a great future for
the furnishing of beds and borders, and probably aUo
for pot culture for spring and autumnal furnishing.
Single Dahlias in transition are interesting as a botani-
cal study, from which you viW\ see how they are mak-
ing progress towards doubling a step at a time. Some
of the steps are short and apparently uncertain ones,
a row of semi-abortive florets standing up around the
central mass of stamens ; others are semi-double, and
one you will see is on the high road to becoming a
Cactus, or a Japanese Dahlia on the lines of the
twisted petals of the Japanese Chrysanthemum. This
latter transformation is the more wonderful, as we
have not flowered the Cactus Dahlia here this year.
Among the novelties and best varieties sent is one
named Lucy Goldworth Fish, very distinct, and pro-
nounced very beautiful by all who have seen it — a
white, with a scarlet bar or edging down each side of
each petal. There are others among them of which
it would be a pleasure to learn your opinion through
the Gardeners' Chronicle. The rich variety of colour-
ing is the more marvellous, as we grow hardly any
Dahlias here, with the exception of the white bedding
one, floribunda nana. Our first packet of seed of
Dahlia coccinea gave us some yellows, next year we
bad a white, and from selections of the same strains
all the varieties of forms and colours, habits, &c., have
sprung. There seems literally no limit to the wide
range and rich diversity of colour among single Dahlias,
and some of the pinks, mauves, or magentas sent, as
well as the striped buffs or orange, seem new shades
among Dahlias.
Like most other seedlings the single Dahlia needs
time to develope and fix its character, and it is a
matter of absorbing interest to watch the opening of
the first few blooms while the form and colour of the
flowers are yet in a liquid rather than a fixed condi-
tion. Now a petal, then colour or form, and yet
another change. But after a little practice the baby
plant learns to walk into fixed habits, and firmly es-
tablishes its character. The danger to single flowers is
doubleness. Not a few of them seem bent on kicking
over the single traces and running in double harness
without our assistance ; and we must beware lest by
exciting and stimulating culture we help them in that
direction.
Neither should they be encouraged to grow larger.
Single Dahlias the size of tea plates would be less
useful than those the size of Daisies. Variety of form,
vividness of colour, substance, and finish of petal are
among the most valuable characteristics of single
Dahlias. As to form the more erratic and less Dahlia-
like the better. In this connection the Cactus Dahlia
is likely to render good service and may bring that
freshness and interest to the family that the Japanese
strains have done to Chrysanthemums. The ragged-
looking petals and staying properties of the Cactus
Dahlias render it most valuable for bouquet or other
decorative purposes.
By careful and persistent selection from the more
dwarf strains, the single Dahlias will also be brought
much nearer to the ground. We have already many
seedlings of compact habits and short stature, as to be
admirably fitted to take the place of Calceolarias
without either pegging down or staking up. Most of
our Poppy section are of this character, and several of
these, alike from their short stature, amazing pro-
liferousness, intrinsic beauty, and exquisite finish of the
blooms would be admirably adapted for pot culture
for early summer and late autumnal decoration in-
doors ; possibly for this work our improved dwarf
Dahlias in pots may soon become as popular as
Bouvardias, Pelargoniums, or even Roses. D. T,
Fish, [There is a danger that single Dahlias may
become too large and too symmetrical, too much
like double Dahlias, perhaps the ugliest in form, not
in colour, of all the products of art — but this is a
matter of opinion. In addition to those above men-
tioned, we have received a fine assortment from
Messrs. Cannell, to which we have no space to allude
in this number, Ed]
Sabeatia campestris is certainly one of the
most beautiful annuals now in flower in Kew. It is
a fragrant Gentian-wort, and possesses the bitter pro-
perties which mark so many of its allies. The flowers
measure an inch or an inch and a-half in diameter,
are a beautiful rose colour, with a bright yellow eye. It
is a native of the Southern United States, where it in-
habits the open prairies, spangling them with its
handsome star-shaped blossoms. S. campestris is one
of the long list of high-class garden plants for whose
introduction to cultivation we are indebted to that
ardent plant lover and very successful gardener, Mr.
W. Thompson, of Ipswich.
SHIRLEY HIBBERD.
Few names are more familiar to horticulturists
than this— few faces better known where horticul-
turists most do congregate. The approaching Potato
show gives us an opportunity of putting before our
readers the portrait of one whose zeal and energy
have been in this and olher matters always at the
service of the horticultural community. The general
public knows Shirley Hibberd best as an accomplished
writer, whose rapid pen is ever dipped in the most
flowing ink. His restless zeal is aptly reflected in
his fluent style of writing, always permeated by a dash
of humour, not unfrequently by a pinch of good-
humoured satire, and occasionally softened by pathos,
which excites in others the sympathy he feels himself.
His public utterances are of the same genial, uncon-
ventional character ; the fluency of his pen is only
equalled by his eloquence and wit as an orator.
What he writes and what he says attract attention by
their originality. They take reader and listener alike
by surprise, and the sound sense underlying is apt
at first to be overlooked in the startling effect
produced by his eloquence. He indulges in paradox
as well as in parable, but at the same time he preaches
by practice as well as by precept. Those who most
relish his utterances are those who know best what he
does, and what he has done, for the practical advance-
ment of horticulture. If work is to be done either by
the pen or by practice Shirley Hibberd is ever ready,
ever to the fore. He is no mere scribe, dashing off
brilliant articles at the desk, but what he says and
what he writes is based upon long experience and
constant practice. His practical turn is shown not only
in his experimental cultures carried on in his suburban
retreat, but also in his ever-ready help on all oc-
casions in which the progress of horticulture or the
welfare of any of its followers are concerned. We
may not always agree with his precepts or his prac-
tice— that is no matter — we can always respect his
motives, and envy his zeal and industry. If we say
more we shall shock his modesty — better confine
ourselves to the following brief outline of his career.
Shirley Hibberd is the son of " an Old Salt " who
served under Nelson in the fighting days when
" wooden walls " were more talked of than now. He
was born in the then rural village of Stepney in the
year 1S25, and in due time was put in training to
become a bookseller. From this occupation he soon
changed for that of a bookmaker, and at the early age
of twenty-five years was the Editor of a weekly news-
paper and the author of a budget of essays called
Brambles and Bay Leaves^ in which rural subjects were
treated from the sentimental point of view. His love
of the country and early attachment to rural pursuits
coloured his labours and tastes from the first. Having
pitched his tent in Pentonville, and having a wife who
shared his sympathies, he undertook many experi-
ments to determine the true principles of what may
be termed urban horticulture. One of the results of
the "observation of Nature" in the midst of houses
was the Taion Garden, the first edition of which was
published in 1855, and which has been many times
reprinted. This work gave a distinct impetus to the
cultivation of '* country life in town," and it must be
gratifying to Mr. Hibberd to see so general a develop-
ment of taste and spirit in town gardening as we are
now familiar with in our every-day life.
Having shifted his quarters to the classic land of
Stoke Newington he was enabled, having space at
command, to enter into experimental horticulture on
a scale sufficient to ensure useful results. He deve-
loped the " plunging system " of garden decoration
which was so admirably carried out during some
twelve years at Lordship Terrace. This system pro-
vides for a limited area a brilliant display the whole
year round, the plants for the purpose being all grown
in pots, and plunged in groups as needful, being
removed and replaced by others from time to time.
The severe tax on the resources of the garden to keep
this system in action for the dressing of a garden laid
out expressly for the purpose led to the getting together
of collections of Ivies, Hollies, and whatever could be
turned to account for pot culture to keep the game
alive during the winter. It was in illustration of the
system that at a meeting of the Central Horticultural
Society, with which the late Mr. George Glenny, Mr,
George Gordon, and Mr. Prestoe were connected,
that Mr. Hibberd exhibited an extensive collection of
berry-bearing shrubs glistening with their several
kinds of fruit, all grown in pots and prepared for
grouping in the open ground as winter dressing for the
Sf.i'Tember S, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
299
flower garden. Amonf^st these were Pyracanthas,
Cotoncasters, Skimniias, Mollies, and the first of the
Aucubas bearinp; red berries that had been seen in the
country. While residing in Stoke Newington Mr.
riibberd started a number of gardens. On the spot
where Park Street shows its Gothic villas he had a
trial ground for Potatos, Pea-;, and other useful sub-
jects, and it was here that, after five years' systematic
crossing and selecting, that he raised that best thing
of its class- Hibbcrd's Prolific Vegetable Marrow.
Another of his gardens, devoted to fruit culture, was
on the land now occupied with Mr. Oubridge's nur-
series. Here various s-ystems of grafting, training,
pruning, and the like were carried on, and observa-
tions were made tending to the doctrines on fruit
culture that were expounded in a lecture before the
Society of Arts in 1S76, but which did not find favour
with some of the practicals. At the same time he
entered into the pretlypastime of raising zonal Pelargo-
niums, and contributed his share towards the improve-
ment of the race, especially in breadth of petals. In
this he was in advance of his old friend and neigh-
bour, the late Dr. Denny, who may be said to have
commenced when Mr. Hibberd, having too many irons
in the fire, gave up the zonals. It is the fate of such
work to pass away when a general advance of the
standard of merit has been accomplished ; hence we
do not now find many of Mr. Hibberd's seedlings
in cultivation, but one of them, named Alice
Spenser, a noble oculate flower, is still in favour
at Swanley. But perhaps the most important work
carried on at Stoke Newington was the Rose
growing, which was very systematically carried
on for testing methods of procedure and determining
the relative merits of classes and varieties. The
results of these labours were embodied in the Rose
Book^ published in 1S64, and from time to time
republished, with occasional revisions by the author.
The rapid spread of buildings drove Mr. Hibberd
from his comfortable nest, and he pitched his tent in
another rural spot hidden away between Tottenham
and Muswell Hill, where, with a private road only to
give access to the happy vale, and with woodland and
water scenery, some useful gardens were formed for
experimental purposes. One of these, devoted to fruit
culture, furnished the model trees that were employed
to illustrate the lecture referred to above. On a trial
ground devoted to roots and vegetables all the more
important varieties of Potatos, Peas, Onions, Beets,
&c., have been "passed through the sieve," and were
duly reported on, and it was here that the famous
Magnum Bonum and other sorts that perhaps deserve
to be equally famous were "discovered," for' the
advantage of the raisers, the traders, and the general
public.
Amongst other labours of our friend we must men-
tion his series of works for amateurs on the
Flower Garden, the Greenhouse, the Kitchen Garden,
the Rose, &c. His treatise on Watercress Culture is
remarkable, not only for its novelty and utility, but for
its literary style, and for the vein of pathos that runs
through certain parts of it. His illustrated work on
Beautiful-leaved Plants appeared in 1870, and his
monograph on the Ivy in 1S72. Some other works we
pass over, for it is impossible in a brief sketch to re-
cord all the doings of a restless spirit.
It was we believe in January, 1S5S, that Mr. Hib-
berd first appeared as the Editor of a horticultural
paper. The Floral WorlJ^ which then made its
appearance, very quickly attained to a circulation until
then scarcely heard of for a work of that class. From
this he retired in 1S75, leaving it strong and healthy,
but it appears that its decline was rapid, and it no
longer exists. His connection with the Gardeners'
Magazine dates from August 12, 1S61 ; that, under
his management, the paper has advanced in useful-
ness and popularity needs not to be told ; we have
but to wish the success achie'ved may be long-con-
tinued.
It should not be forgotten that Mr. Hibberd has
been a frequent contributor to these pages on a variety
of subjects, but always such asareknown to be his own.
We have just turned to a paper of his which appeared
October 29, 1S59, on growing Tomatos in pots. It is,
we believe, the first published paper on the subject ;
at all events, it is interesting to note that his notions
on Tomato culture were in their way very prophetic.
Bees and Monkshood. — Mrs. Watney will find
that the Aconites are specially arranged for cross-
fertilisation by bees while they are getting the nectar
from the two curious petals that project into the hood.
Commonly hive-bees leave the honey alone — pre-
sumably because their tongues are too short to reach
it— so that humble-bees are most frequently seen at
the flowers. I do not think, however, that she need
fear poisoning by the nectar. W, T.
THE SOUTHERN ALPS OF NEW
ZEALAND.
{Concluded ffom f>, 267.}
Ascending to the summit of the Pass, where the
road had been blasted through large angular masses
of rock, mostly old morainic accumulations, we found
a rich and varied herbaceous flora, comprising many
beautiful plants, scarcely one of which is yet in
England. The soil about the summit of the pass
(3010 feet) is mostly composed of a rich fibrous peat,
in small pockets between rocks of considerable size.
It is always kept moist during summer by the constant
trickling of melted snow down the rocky and steep
slopes of the adjoining mountains. In such positions
the IVIountain Lily, Ranunculus Lyalli, grows
abundantly. In its wild state this is truly a magni-
ficent plant. The leaves, which rise from a thick,
fleshy rootstock, and are deciduous, are frequently
10 — 12 inches in diameter, and look like huge
saucers. The flowers are panicled, and the panicles
have sometimes as many as twenty to thirty flowers,
the central and terminal one opening first, and being
much the largest, not infrequently measuring 3 inches
across. The colour of the most common variety is
pure white, but there is a cream-coloured form
(R. Traversii), and rumours of a pink variety have
reached us from the head of the Kakaia. In cultivation
the plant does well enough if planted out and left
alone in a shady position and peaty soil, but it does
not thrive in pots, nor in situations where it is much
disturbed. Another splendid herbaceous plant is
Senecio Lyalli. This has numerous long, narrow,
somewhat fleshy leaves, arranged in a crown, sending
up branching scapes of fine large Marigold-like
flowers, varying much in colour from yellow to
orange, or almost salmon-pink, and in size from I to
3 inches or more. Another pretty Senecio, new to
science (S. setulosa, Armstrong), with oblong bristly
leaves, and bright yellow flowers, was discovered on
wet, shady banks. S. bellidioides in several forms is
also common. Gnaphalium grandiceps is also com-
mon here, frequently forming fine hemispherical
masses of its silvery branches by the sides of the coach
track. Though inferior in the flowers to the Swiss
species it has finer foliage, but is a bad plant to
manage in cultivation. The Harebell, Wahlenbergia
saxicola, abounds on grassy slopes, and varies in
colour from pure white to the deepest blue. Celmisia
(ComposilK), the colony's greatest genus of alpines,
is well represented on Arthur's Pass by about thirteen
species, all beautiful plants. C. coriacea, the Cotton-
plant of the colonists, is a splendid thing, with fine
leathery leaves I — 2 feet long, densely clothed below
with snow-white cotton, and producing numerous
handsome white flowers 2 inches across. C. Monroi
is similar, but smaller and less cottony ; while C.
petiolata has brown or buff-coloured cotton and
purplish midribs ; all the above species have
strap-shaped leaves, but C. bellidioides has
obovate bright green leaves, I inch long, and
forms large carpet-like masses on rocks. C. incana
and C. hieracifolia are spreading species of dwarf
habit with small hoary leaves. All these Celmisias
are easy to grow and do well in any, excepting the
driest situations.
Conspicuous amongst the vegetation of the Pass are
three species of Ourisia, all with pure white flowers.
The finest, O. macrocarpa, has foliage like Saxifraga
crassifolia, but more varied in tint, and the flowers
resemble those of Lobelia fulgens except in colour. O,
macrophylla is similar, but the leaves are smaller and
are hairy, whilst those of O. macrocarpa are perfectly
glabrous. O. csespitosa is a small creeping species
with small vivid green leaves. All these Ourisias are
really fine things. In stony places a perennial
Euphrasia, E. Munroi, was common ; its flowers are
large for the genus, and the colour is pure white with
a yellow throat. The Droseras are here represented
by two kinds growing in a little bog on the summit of
the Pass. Two pretty herbaceous Veronicas, V. lini-
folia and V. Lyalli, are common, and the bright blue
flowered V. canescens occurs in some places. One of
the prettiest things here is the Eladder-wort, Utricu-
laria monanthis, its purplish blossoms resembling
those of some miniature Orchid.
On a rocky mound to the south grew a very beauti-
ful species of Aciphylla in abundance. It is allied to
and perhaps a form of A. Munroi, but the leaves are
much greener in colour, more divided, and the plant
looks like a miniature Palm. Another species of the
family, also new, was found here, and has been named
A. grandis ; this forms impenetrable masses of per-
fectly glabrous bright green bayonet-like leaves, each
4 or 5 feet long, and as sharp pointed as a dagger.
The flower-stem rises to a height of 5 feet. On a
rock to the north we gathered the peculiar Snowdrop
plant, Callixene parviflora, bearing its pretty white
blossoms, also two kinds of the Slylidiaceous genus
Forstera. The peculiar white-flowered Bog plant,
Donatia novxzealandiEe, belonging to the same
order, forms large masses in bogs ; three or four fine
species of Ligusticum abound, the finest being L.
piliferum and L. Ilaastii.
On account of the great altitude Ferns are not so
numerous as in most parts of the colony, but still a
few fine ones were collected ; of Ilymenophyllum four
species were gathered at 3000 feet, viz, II. multifi-
dum, H. villosum, H. tunbridgense, and II. Arm-
strongii, Hk. f. (Trichomanes Armstrongii, Baker),
All of these grow in positions where they are fre-
quently frozen hard, and yet they all look healthy and
thriving. Polystichum sylvaticum is common, as also
P. cystostegium on the higher slopes. Alsophila
Colensoi forms long trunks along the surface of the
ground in the bush at 3000 feet, rarely growing erect ;
Cystopteris novK-zealandiie occurs in clefts of rocks
along with Grammitis australis and Asplenium tricho-
manes. On the higher slopes the little Grammitis
pumila, Armstrong, forms a close sward-like grass,
whilst Ilypolepis millefolium and Lomaria minor are
plentiful. In a few places Gleichenia Cunningham!
forms fine patches, thus showing its great hardiness.
On the western side the Pass descends into the deep
gorge of the Otira, through dense sub-alpine forest of
the richest description. The road for a few miles
passes along zig-zags and steep grades, sometimes
travelling along the edge of enormous precipices. In
about six miles there is a descent of at least 2000 feet,
so that very careful driving is required along such a
road as this. For some time the forest does not
differ much from that already described, except in the
increased numbers of Dracophyllums, but as we
descend the Rata, Melrosideroslucida, becomes abund-
ant, and clothes the sides of the gorge during summer
with a brilliant mantle of scarlet ; in foliage this plant
much resembles the common Myrtle, but the fruit is
very different. The Kamai, Weinmannia racemosa,
also appears, and is a very handsome shrub, distantly
related to the Hydrangea. Still further down the
two species of Beeches already mentioned give place
to two others, Fagus Menziesii, and F. fusca, the
latter not infrequently a splendid tree, 100 feet high,
and 4 — 10 feet in diameter.
After a few miles the gorge opens out into the
lowlands of Westland, and from this point to the
coast the whole route lies for 45 miles through some
of the richest forest lands in New Zealand. Indeed
this county of Westland is one vast forest, only
broken by the channels of the numerous large and
very rapid rivers which carry the melted snow and ice
of the great mountain chain to the sea. During the
first 10 or 12 miles, although the elevation is not
more than Soo feet, there is a linger of the subalpine
forest. The Rata is still common, but reaches a
much greater size, and the same may be said of the
Kamai and the Dacrydiums. But Ferns rapidly
become more numerous, Todea superba being parti-
cularly common, whilst old trees are clothed with
numerous Filmy Ferns, prominent among which is the
splendid H. pulcherrimum. In the way of trees the
species of Podocarpus — the colony's finest limber trees
— become plentiful, and continue so right through to
the coast. Of these P. totara, the most valuable timber
of the colony, affects the sloping well drained grounds,
whilst on the wet lands the White Pine, P. dacry-
dioides, is most abundant, often reaching 200 feet in
height. On the other hand the Black Pine, P.
spicata, grows indifferently on either wet or dry lands,
and the same maybe said of the Miro (P. ferruginea),
which has a peculiar appearance on account of its
rusty colour and large handsome fruits. Species of
Pitlosporum, or Matipas, as they are called by settlers,
are very numerous. Of these the finest are P.
Colensoi and P. eugenioides, both fine trees. That
splendid Conifer, the Rima, Dacrydium cupressinum,
is here very abundant, and is a most beautiful tree,
its long, slender, pale green branches weeping to the
ground. Trunks 250 feet high and 70 feet from the
ground to the first branch, are not uncommon. A
remarkable Liliad in the shape of Cordyline Barkeri
var. Gouldiana appears on the banks of rivers, and is
a magificent object, with a slender trunk 10 to 12 feet
high, and a large spreading head of linear-lanceolate
300
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 18S3.
leaves 6 to 8 feet long and 3 inches wide. The
splendid C, indivisa also occurs on the tops of the
lower hills.
As we progress towards the coast Ferns become
more numerous. Gleichenia Cunninghami torms dense
thickets under the trees, extending for many miles,
and presenting an impenetrable mass of interlaced
fronds, Trichomanes reniforme clothes old trees and
roeks with its peculiar masses of reniform dark green
fronds. In the valleys Tree Ferns abound, magnifi-
cent examples of Cyathea Smithi, C. dealbata, C.
medullaris, and Dicksonia squarrosa being present in
thousands.
It would be, of course, impossible to enumerate all
the fine Ferns found in this land of Ferns and mosses,
but a few more may be mentioned. Lomaria Fraseri
is a most peculiar species, with a slender trunk as long
as a walking-stick, and no thicker, bearing a crown
of dark green bipinnatifid fronds. L. nigra is a dwarf
. species, with lyrate-pinnatifid fronds, lying on the
ground in dense woods. Of the Filmy Ferns, which
are probably more abundant here than anywhere else
in the world, there are nearly twenty species in the
country, the finest of them being Hymenophyllum
Lyalli (a rea gem), H. dilatatum, H. polyanthos, H.
crispatum, and H. pulchcrrimum. Of Trichomanes
there are several kinds, the most beautiful being the
lovely T. Colensoi. Lindsaya has four species, all fine
little Ferns. In some of the warmer gullies nearer the
coast Cyathea medullaris not infrequently reaches a
height of 40 feet, with fronds30 feet long; and under its
shade Todea hymenophylloides is sometimes as much
as 4 feet or more high. On account of its heavy rain-
fall (more than 100 inches per annum) Westland has a
very moist climate, and Ferns and mosses are conse-
quently at home. Almost all the species found in
New Zealand grow here, and exhibit a luxuriance un-
known elsewhere. In the forests grow numerous
climbing plants, such as Clematis, Rubus, Parsonsia,
Metrosideros, &c. Perhaps the finest climber is the
well-known Clematis indivisa, which frequently climbs
to the top of the largest Totara, and covers it with its
fine white blossoms. There are many varieties, some
having flowers as much as 4 inches across. It likes a
rich, moist, loamy soil. The Kie-kie of the Maories,
belonging to the Pandanaceous genus Freycinetia, is
abundant, its rope-like stems ascending small trees
and bearing crowns of linear leaves. The fruit is said
to have been an article of food with the natives.
Species of Astelia, or " Bush Flax, ' are common,
especially A, nervosa and the kind known as A,
grandis.
On nearing the coast (47 miles from the Pass) the
vegetation changes somewhat, several species of
Olearia appearing again, especially O. avicennifolia.
The Flax, Phormium tenax, becomes plentiful, as also
do the Tea trees, Leptospermum scoparium and L.
ericoides. The soil being poorer, plants common on
the east coast, but rare in the intervening country,
make their appearance here, such as the Wild Irish-
man, Discaria, and the Supplejack, Rhipogonum
scandens ; also the Tutu, Coriaria ruscifolia. The
shore of the Western Pacific being now reached, with
its seaside band of gold washings, the botanical sec-
tion across the south island of New Zealand is com-
plete. J. B, Armstrong, Asiistant Curator, Botanic
Gardens, Christchurch, Nna Zealand,
Propagating Roses by Cuttings. — We have
frequently been asked for information on this point,
and have several times detailed the methods employed
by those who are the most successful ; nevertheless,
and notwithstanding the desire for Roses on their
own roots and the pains taken to raise them, we still
hear of lamentable failures in the majority of cases,
and of but partial successes in others. The plan
adopted by Mr. Ale.x. McLeod, gardener to L. J.
Drew, Esq., Sudbury House, Harrow, of the success
of which we have had ocular demonstration, seems to
us to be so simple, and to guard against the possibility
of mistake in the one vital point so effectually, that
we are glad of an opportunity of describing it. In
former times Mr. McLeod experienced all the diffi-
culties in striking Roses which so many of our corre-
spondents describe, and at last resolved to try them
in a close case without removing the glasses until they
were rooted ; in this way a much better result was se-
cured, butstill nothing like perfectionhad beenattained,
as from one to two- thirds of the cuttings usually died.
These losses Mr. McLeod always attributed to the
removal of the glasses by persons out of curiosity or
by accident. Eventually he always hermetically sealed
the case, and failure was no longer known.
As this year's case of 310 cuttings which we saw
only contained five which had not rooted when
removed on August 28, the modus operandi in this
particular instance had better be described. The case
or box is made of common rough deal boards. It is
3 feet 6 inches long and i foot in depth. Within
half an inch of the top a groove is cut inside the box,
into which the glass is slid, after the manner of a
sliding box-lid. In the end of the third week in July
the box was placed in the kitchen garden under the
shadow of a high north wall ; it was then about half
filled with good turfy loam, to which had been added
a little leaf-mould and a good sprinkling of sharp
sand. The soil was pressed down very firmly (the box
being nearly half full when pressed), and then
thoroughly well soaked with rain-water, and allowed
to stay uncovered until the next day. The next day
good stout cuttings (with a heel where possible),
were taken of all the Roses, both Tea and hybrid
perpetual, which it was desired to add to the stock.
They were then inserted closely and firmly in the
soil, just over the bottom leaf, the glasses were slipped
on and puttied down, the groves in which the glass
slid and even the joints in the glass being filled in
with putty, so as to e-xclude all air. The whole thing
^WSifc.,
^V'
Fig. 44.— rose cutting; Yi nat, size.
was completed, nothing more remained to be done
but to leave the box in its cool, shady nook for five
or six weeks, when the growing points of the free-
starting kinds gave notice that the glasses might be
removed, a bit at a time, with safety. Nothing could
be more simple, or demand less skill, and the opera-
tion may be carried out successfully by an amateur at
any time during the season when good firm cuttings
can be got, and when six weeks' tolerably fine warm
weather may be counted on.
The success of the whole thing depends on having
the glasses fixed so that they be not removed until
the cuttings are rooted, and in placing the boxes in a
shady place. So treated Carnations, and many of
our shrubs and herbaceous perennials, may be propa-
gated by unskilled persons with certainty, and without
much trouble ; and the pleasure they would experience
in uncovering a well-rooted batch which have taken
care of themselves, must certainly make amends for
the loss of the employment of daily removing the
glasses, watering and picking out the dead cuttings,
until, as it too frequently happens, there are none
left to tend.
Vegetation of the Andes.— On the parts ex-
posed to the sun the snow disappears, to give place
to the short vegetation of the higher Andes, so well
described by M. Weddell in the Chloris Andina. It
is characterised by Gentians, Drabas, Saxifrages,
Vernonias, by the red and felt-like leaves of Culcitium
rufescens, &c., and above all by a strange plant that
I saw and gathered for the first time— Lupinus alope-
curoides. This species had the appearance of pyra-
mids, or rather clubs, of silver-white, planted upright
in the soil and covered with little violet flowers, as
though wrapped up in their silky calyx. No other
plant can give the idea of this bizarre production. Ed.
Andri, " Le Tour dti Motide," June 30, 1883, p. 408,
FAWKE'S IMPROVED WALL-
TREE COVER.
JtJDGING from the experience of practical men,
there cannot be any doubt that efficient protection
not only increases the general productivess of wall-
trees, but lessens the risk of losing a promising crop
of fruit. But by " efficient protection " must be
understood a combination of conditions. Not merely
power to check, when necessary, the upward current
of air, so that a wall warmed by the sun may not too
rapidly part with its heat ; protection from heavy
rains or descending currents of air — protection from
heating wind or horizontal currents of cold air — pro-
tection from wasps and birds ; but also power to give
easy rapid ventilation in any part, to any extent, even
to that of stripping the wall of any protection what-
ever. These necessitate of course durability, light-
ness, extreme portability, complete absence of com-
plication, so that no skilled labour may be required
in its erection, manipulation, or removal. If 10 all
these conditions we add cheapness and sightliness,
we have very nearly exhausted the conditions which
go to make up a thoroughly efficient wall-tree cover.
The annexed illustration (fig. 45) will be almost self-
explanatory of a wall-tree cover designed by Mr. F. A,
Fawkes to meet the above requirements. As will be
seen by the engraving, the cover consists of a light
permanent framework in front, slightly inclined from
the perpendicular, held in its position by light cast
T iron ribs, which can be fixed to the wall by bolls
and nuts ; or, where there is an objection to anything
passing through the wall, by coach screws. The roof
ribs are hollowed in the centre to carry to the front
any drip or rain which may find its way between the
roof sashes. Upon the roof and front are lights held
by special hinges, so constructed that the lights are
secure and yet may be unhooked in a moment when
it is necessary to do so. Each light is provided with
a simple ratchet set-open, so that ventilation to any
extent may be effected from the inside or out, and the
lights are held automatically in whatever position they
may be placed ; or the cover can be stripped of upper
or lower lights or both in a few moments. Nets may
be hung in place of upper or lower lights or both.
This cover is being manufactured by Messrs. T. H,
P. Dennis & Co., of London and Chelmsford (the sole
licensees for its manufacture), and it is sent out
painted, glazed, and ready to put up with great ease
by any labourer. As the lights simply drop on to the
framing there is a little margin for '* play," and ease
in erection is further facilitated. Although cheap
enough for the most struggling market gardener, the
cover, as will be seen, is fit, so far as appearance is
concerned, for a nobleman's fruit wall.
Of course, independently of a wall tree cover, pure
and simple, the front portion of the structure may be
used for growing early strawberries, small salad, &c. ;
and by the addition of suitable rods and gearing the
lights may be opened simultaneously. -V.
j|0rctgit Corrcspoiikiite.
Zermatt. — T/ie forests. — In my last letter I
followed the course of the Visperthal up from
its commencement as an oft'shoot of the larger
Rhone Valley to the foot of the glacier which
blocks it up at the far end, immediately beneath
the Matterhorn. According to the natural order
of things, of course I ought to have begun with
the glacier, and worked downwards, as the glacier
and the river issuing from it have done. But one
often has to study convenience and expediency, and
to take things out of their proper order, and so now it
suits my purpose in dealing with certain matters
relating to the coniferous forests to take the one I
saw last first in order. I allude to a magnificent forest
of Silver Firs in the French department of Doubs, not
far from Portarlier. This rather vague indication of
locality is due to the fact that all I saw of it was from
the railway carriage window ; but for symmetry,
light and shade, and contrast of colour, this bore the
palm over the mixed forests of broad-leaved and
coniferous trees of Fontainebleau or Switzerland. It
was less monotonous and gloomy than the Spruce
forests of the Chamonix district, grander in colour
than the Cembras of Zermatt, less battered and
weather-stricken than those wonderful Larches of the
i Forciaz over above Martigny. The tall shafts, soar-
f ing superbly aloft, glistened after the recent rain like
; burnished silver, and formed a most striking contrast
September 8, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
301
to the velvet-black hue of the crowns. As we com-
monly see the Silver Fir in England its appearance is
too often spoiled by some injury to the leader, so that
the tree forks at the top into two or more secondary
leaders, and so loses its symmetry ; but this did not
seem to be so general here ; owing to their numbers
they protected one another, and displayed their
majestic proportions to full advantage. Every here
and there one stood out like a burning bush, or as if
studded with gold-coloured Mistleto. No doubt this
appearance was due to the growth of a fungus, and
that the glowing Mistleto was none other than the
" hexenbesen," or Witches' Broom of the Germans.
At one portion of the Rhone Valley the carriage-
road passes through a forest of the most singular
character. Little is seen of it from the railway, but
any one interested in such matters, and able to spare
the time, would be amply rewarded by a few hours'
stroll through the Pfyner Wald. The constituent
trees, if they may be so called, are indeed Pines ; but
instead of the erect shafts and spreading boughs we
are accustomed to associate with Pines, we have here
tall bushes, with short trunks breaking up into a
thicket of intricate tortuous branches. The Pine here
is the P. montana, and it monopolises the whole area.
It is, indeed, remarkable how one species of Pine
or Fir occupies the territory to the almost entire
exclusion of any other. The only Cembra I saw in
the Chamonix district was a solitary specimen over-
hanging the Glacier des Bossons, and at an elevation
papula barbata shakes its light blue bells in the wind,
and dense thickets of Rhododendron ferrugineum
attest what a brilliancy of colour must exist earlier in
the season. R. hirsutum, so common on the Rigi,
is not found hereabouts. The Spruce F"ir would
seem, either for choice or necessity, not to send its
roots so deeply as some others of its race ; thus,
though the Cemliras and Larches are soon broken and
dishevelled by wind-storms and avalanches, their
trunks often broken oft' near the ground, yet they are
not so frequently blown out of the ground, as it
seems to me, as Spruces are. On our way to the
Pierre Pointue, half way up Mont Blanc, we had to
pass through a forest of Spruce, and a wonder-
ful sight it was to see where a violent storm of wind
had overthrown the trees. Many of them were
broken off short close to the ground, but others, quite
as many or more, were uprooted. The force of the
wind seems to have exerted itself in a narrow belt not
more than 150 or 200 feet in width, and within that
area not a tree was left standing. A track is cut
through the forest, from above downwards, as straight
as if it had been made for a railway. Within the
track utter destruction, on either side little or no
trace of anything unusual. It was curious to pass
and repass this scene of destruction as we zig-zagged
our way up, losing it for a few minutes till another
bend in the pathway brought us again in the " line of
fire," immediately above where we had been before.
A word as to names. There is sufficient confusion
turn, were only the heralds of the scorching heat and
pestilent Hies of the Rhone Valley,
At Zermatt the forests which clothe the mountain
sides are almost exclusively composed of Pinus
Cembra. Less symmetrical than the Spruce, an<l less
graceful than the Larch (in its natural state), the
Cembras form dark oblong masses of foliage, conceal-
ing to some extent even the base of the trunk — at any
rate leaving less of it exposed than in the case of the
Scotch Fir. The bark has much the rich orange-
brown tint of the last named tree, but as a whole it is
less pictural. The fragrance is distinct, and more
delicate in character than in the case of most Pines,
The cones are very distinct, like broad eggs in out
line, with rounded scales not so thick and prominent
as in the case of most true Pines, but when fresh of a
lovely plum-blue colour, the plum-like appearance
being heightened by the "bloom" on them. For
some reason that I do not know the cones are very
scarce ; by far the majority of the trees were entirely
destitute of them ; and though I climbed, on more
than one occasion, from one limit of the forest to the
other, I only succeeded in getting two or three perfect
cones. A few remnants, the remains of a feast at
which the squirrels had "assisted," lay on the
ground ; and on one occasion we met a lad with a
small basket half full of purple cones. Although the
seeds are good eating, and the cones are perhaps
collected for fire-lighting purposes, yet their deficiency
on the trees this year must be attributable to some
Fig. 45. — fawke's improved wall tree cover, (see p. 300.)
considerably above the last Spruces ; indeed, it formed
the very last straggler in the way of shrubby vegeta-
tion that I met with on the slopes of Mont Blanc.
The Fir of the Chamonix Valley is the common
Spruce, and its gloomy pyramid of foliage is perhaps
a trifle monotonous, and its shade so dense as ma-
terially to check the undergrowth. Nevertheless it is
easy, when the eye becomes a little trained, to pick
out numerous variations in habit and colour. Every
one knows the Clanbrassil and allied forms, in which
the stem is so dwarfed that the plants form delightful
little hummocks, just the thing for the rockwork.
These are usually thought to originate as bud-varia-
tions— as, indeed, they do, for one may see them on
the boughs, but they may occasionally be seen also on
the ground, as if they originated from seed ; but it is
requisite in this matter to be sceptical in the case of
any that are found growing by the sides of the mule-
paths, for some of those animals — like one that I
bestrode — seem to have an insatiable appetite for the
twigs of the Spruce Fir, and they crop an ordinary
Spruce into a " Clanbrassil " in a very short time.
The Spruce is most at home along the slopes of deep
valleys, where its roots revel in the abundant mois-
ture at their disposition. Wisps of grey lichen
hanging from its branches indicate the moist atmo-
sphere in which it delights, and where a clearance has
been made the protruding rocks are covered with a
rich green covering of velvet moss, and their damp
sides so richly bedecked with Saxifrages and Whortle-
berries that the heart of one who has a fancy for a
rock-garden must sink into his shoes at the thought
of the impossibility of producing by art such a wealth
of colour, or such delicious texture. The elegant Cam-
both as to the Latin and the vernacular names, and in
the hope that I might arrive at something definite as
to the latter, I enquired, and found that the Spruce
is, in the Chamonix district, known as the " Sapin."
Some writers— for instance, Grisebach and Parlatore
—call the Spruce "Pesse," and the Silver Fir
" Sapin." For once in a way, then, our English
names have the preference ; for, in spite of the
tangle, every one knows what is meant by a
Sprue Fir, and by a Silver Fir, and the two are never
confounded.
On the Simplon route the Larch grows higher than
any other, and even close by the famous hospice the
Larch may be seen as a stunted tree " in difficulties."
Of the Larch forest on the Forclaz I regret I can
say but little. In spite of notice-boards almost as
numerous as those in Epping Forest, and all forbid-
ding trotting under the severe pain and penalty of a
fine of 2 francs at least, our driver' tooled us down (I
believe that is the correct technical expression) at a
spanking rate. All I can say is that the Larches
there are the most wonderful I ever set eyes upon,
each one, as it seemed, more venerable, more tempest-
tossed, more grotesque and pictural than the last,
their roots so gnarled and prominent that as we
bumped over them we came to the conclusion that if
that sort of thing went on long our personal sym-
metry would become as grotesquely distorted as that
of the Larches themselves. But by-and-by we lost
the Larches, and, in spite of the jolting, I must say
to my regret, for the Beeches which followed were in
no wise remarkable ; the Sweet Chestnuts would not
rival those on the Italian side of the mountains ; and
the Cherries and Walnuts, which followed in their
climatal reason. Of male catkins there was an
abundance, but of female ones in any stage there
seemed to be a great scarcity. A word is due to the
squirrel ; as agile and restless as his British brother,
this one is handsomer, with his back of black velvet,
and his chest with a broad stripe of white. In the
hotel garden there is a perfect menagerie, and among
the rest a cageful of these beautiful squirrels, as rest-
less and active as monkeys, and more graceful in their
movements.
But to return to the Cembras, the older ones are
knocked about by winter storms and avalanches, much
as the Larches before mentioned, but they stand the
buffeting better — not much, but still better — hence
even the old ones are not quite so gnarled and de-
formed as are the Larches, but still quite enough so
as to be strikingly picturesque. The shade they give
is much less than in the case of the Spruce, and so
there is a fuller undergrowth. Alder bushes and
Rhododendron ferrugineum constitute the staple
undershrubs, and here and there from the dense slip-
pery carpet of fallen Pine-needles uprose the singular
looking Gentiana purpurea, and the leaves of Cycla-
men and Hepatica indicated what might have been
seen in spring. I must admit, however, that botan-
ising was done under difficulties, and that our first
care was to avoid being precipitated among the tree-
stumps and jutting rocks. Beguiled by a patch of
purple Gentian, we not very wisely left the beaten
track— such as it was — for one that wasn't beaten at
all ; and what with the slope of the ground, the
treacherous rocks, and the slippery covering of Pine-
leaves, our descent was much too rapid and perilous
to be comfortable. The beaten track, as usual,
302
THE GARDENE-RS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8,
ascends in zig-zags, so that we were buoyed by the
hope that we were sure to strike into the track ; but
we didn't ; and when, at last, we emerged from the
forest, hot and breathless, but fortunately without
sprain or bruise, we found ourselves down in the veiy
valley, having traversed the whole of the forest slope
in the manner indicated. The next day we went up
again, but — as we counsel others in like case to do —
we kept to the path. Nevertheless, we did not see
any more Cembra cones, nor, barring minor varia-
tions in habit, did we see much variation from the
general character of the tree.
Alpine Plants. — Above the limit of trees one
comes upon the home of the alpine plants proper.
Gardeners will know what is meant, and will
kindly dispense with definitions which it would
be difficult to frame. The season was too far
advanced to see the full galaxy of beauty,
but we were enabled to pick Gentians, from the
large acaulis to the tiny nivalis and the lovely
verna, till for very shame we could pick no more.
Primula farinosa and Andrcsaces, Draba aizoides
and Arabis alpina, Pedicularis and Myosotis, Pansies
and Gnaphalium, hummocks of Silene alpestris, and
many more. Of these it \i the less necessary to
speak, as M. Correvon, in his letters on alpine plants
from Geneva, published in the Gardeners' Chronicle^
has, as we were enabled to judge, very accurately
sketched the nature of their habitat, &c., the different
characters of the soil on which they grow naturally,
and their general requirements under cultivation.
Perhaps the most surprising thing, to those who
look at the seemingly hard rock, its often bare surface,
or its thin skin of turf, is the really vast quantity of
fine rich open soil at these elevations, just of the con-
sistence that gardeners like for potting. Those who
are making rockwork, and think they have done
enough in filling up their "pockets" with soil to a
depth of a few inches, would be surprised to see how
bountiful Nature is in the matter of soil. On the
ground itself the projecting rocks attract so much
attention, they seem so ubiquitous — you have but to
scratch the surface and you come to rock — that one is
apt to overlook, or rather not to see, the extent of
the intervening chasms, or the depths of the depres-
sions in their surface, and how full they are of soil.
The tourist, however, is pretty sure to come upon the
track of an avalanche in the course of his rambles,
and then he will be enabled to judge, not only of the
overpowering mass of rock and snow dislodged on
slich occasions, but of the vast amount of fine soil
brought down in its course. Clearly avalanches,
though frightfully destructive, are not unmixed evils,
for they bring with them into the valleys a large
amount of the richest soil, and on such heaps, as also
l)y the sides of the moraines, the quick eye of the
botanist may often detect "alpine plants" which it
would, except for the avalanches, cost him many
a steep climb to obtain. The flora naturally
differs according as the rocks are calcareous, sandy,
micaceous, or granitic ; but in any case the superin-
cumbent soil is usually deep, rich, fine, moist, full
of vegetable mould and thoroughly drained. In
spring it is saturated by the melting snow, and
in summer the plants are exposed to intense
light and burning heat by day, while at night
the temperature may go to freezing-point, their
roots all the time being uniformly cool and
moist. Often, as the snow and ice melt, the
grass and herbage beneath seem — or perhaps are
— entirely destroyed, and look as if burnt. Whether
the " crowns " and roots are destroyed or no, the
dibris of dead foliage forms an excellent mulch, and
ensures a rich deposit of vegetable mould for the
benefit of the next comer. Rambler.
lijpta' Jflotu4r2.
Seasonable Notes ; the Auricula.— I do not
know what the slate of the plants may be in the
North this year, but the condition of ours, at present
is this :— The weather, during the summer, was cold,
moist, and dull, causing the plants to make much
sappy growth. The month of August has been dry
and warm, with the inevitable result that there is
considerable autumn bloom. Those plants that show
for bloom during ^Vugust and September will form a
new heart, and a truss will also be formed down in
the centre before the winter. It is very desirable that
the old plants be kept well on the side of dryness, and
that air be admitted freely ; the glass lights should be
constantly removed from the plants, except when it
rains heavily— a gentle shower would do no harm.
During the hot weather greenfly spreads freely on the
plaats if it is not checked, either by brushing it off,
dipping the plants, or fumigating them with tobacco
smoke. Seedlings and offsets ought to be repotted
as they require it, as it all depends upon whether the
plants have sufficient pot-room to produce a good
bloom next season. It must not be understood that
I advocate large pots, as none of the yearling seed-
lings or offsets are 'ever put into larger than 6o-sized
pots.
Carnations and Picotees.— If layering is not
finished, no time should be lost in getting it all done.
Our whole stock was finished before the middle of
August, and most of them are well rooted now.
Seedlings may be planted out where they are to flower
next season ; if the plants are put out some time this
month they become well established before the
winter, and are thus so much better adapted to stand
the vicissitudes of our changeable climate. The layers
will be ready to take off, and either be potted up for
the winter or be planted out about the last week in
September ; but if the work is not quite finished before
the first or second week in October, it will not be loo
late. At the time of layering we put in a number of
pipings from the yellow Picotees, and also from some
perpetual flowering Carnations ; they take a long
time to form roots without bottom-heat, but if slow
they are sure, when kept close under bell glasses or
close hand-lights : the glasses are kept quite close
until roots are formed.
Dahlias. — The plants are now in full beauty ; the
stems should be neatly tied to the sticks, and in a way
to show the bloom to the best advantage. Earwigs
have been very troublesome during the recent hot
weather. Old beanstalks cut into lengths, so that
the insects may crawl into them at night, whence they
are dislodged in the morning, or small pots with a
little dry moss in the bottom inverted over the sticks,
will also attract them ; they must be shaken out and
destroyed in the day. Those who intend to exhibit
will have to shade the lighter flowers ; they are more
delicately beautiful when shaded. Thrips are also very
troublesome, they get into the petals and sadly mar
their beauty.
Gladioli. — These will always find admirers, and
many persons will continue to grow them notwith-
standing the many discouragements there are to contend
with, such as valuable bulbs dying off in the various
stages of their growth, and the whole collection dete-
riorating after a few years' culture. I generally found
they succeeded best after the ground on which they
were planted was well worked early in the autumn of
the previous year. If possible the ground should be
trenched and well manured now. Those who are
saving seeds should look over the plants daily, and
the pods that are ripe ought to be gathered and laid
up to dry. The earliest blooms will now be over,
but in a large collection many will be at their best,
and some that have not yet shown flower. During
the present dry weather all such late-flowering bulbs
should be watered.
Hollyhocks. — ^Although the wild Mallows have
been smothered and the leaves desiccated by the disease
within a quarter of a mile of us, so far we have escaped
it. Our plants have given us a good succession of
bloom from the autumn and spring propagated plants.
The flowers are of large size. The first cuttings we
put in are now good rooted plants, and from the latest
blooming plants another batch of cuttings are ready
to put in. The eyes start away best if they have just
a little bottom-heat. The withered flowers should be
picked off daily ; in the first place they are very un-
tidy if left on, and they destroy the seeds if they are
allowed to decay. Seedlings may now be planted
where they are to flower. Allow 3 feet between the
plants.
Pansies. ^No delay should occur in getting in
cuttings of these ; it is better that they should become
established early in the autumn — indeed, this holds
good in all classes of plants, whether they are hardy
or tender. Plants such as the Hollyhock, Pansy,
Pink, or Pyrethrum are hardy enough when they are
well established before frosty weather sets in ; but if
they are not established they seldom winter well.
The ground should be well prepared for them by
being turned over two or three times before the plants
are ready for it. The Pansy has small, very tender
fibrous roots, which do not seem as if they would
penetrate deeply ; but they do not strike deep into the
soil, and unless the ground is deeply trenched and well
manured the plants will not give a continuous bloom
all through the season.
Pinks. — The laced type succeeds well out-of-doors
during winter, but they ought to be planted out by
the middle of September. Lilce the Pansy, they like a
generous soil. If the plants are not very large they
do well planted S or 9 inches apart. The Pansy should
have a foot between each plant, as they spread out in
the summer, and require pegging out, whereas the
Pink does not spread much.
The Phlox. — We were fairly successful with a
batch of cuttings put in at this time last year ; the
small growths were taken from the base of old estab-
lished plants, they were put into small pots in light
soil, and with the aid of a little bottom-heat they
soon filled the pots with roots. The best lime to put
in cuttings is early in the year, when the growths are
about an inch in length. They root freely in a
greenhouse or frame, and plants from these cuttings
have flowered freely in the autumn either in pots or
planted out. If they have been grown in pots for
greenhouse flowering, they ought to be planted out
now in the open ground, unless it is intended to take
cuttings from Ihem when the cuttings can be obtained
much earlier if the plants have been wintered in a
greenhouse or cold frame during the winter. 'Jas.
Doii^^laSj Great Gearies^ lljord.
Ijrdpd %^in mi mtm\\%%
Work in the Houses. — It is generally admitted
that the early part of the autumn is a favourable season
for potting and top-dressing any of the cool Orchids
that may stand in need of this attention. The reason
for selecting this season for interfering with the roots
of these plants may be mentioned. The excessive
heat of summer is past, and the nights are cool and
genial, which renders the state of the atmosphere just
suitable for this class of plant, and as this may be
expected to continue for another two months, the
plants have time to establish themselves before winter.
The only drawback to potting them at this season is
the declining days, which always tell seriously against
the full development of growths made at this season
of the year. Another season favourable for potting
these plants is the early part of February, and it will
be found in practice Ihat some plants will be in right
condition for autumn potting, while others will be bette
done in spring. It must be understood that only
plants (Odontoglossums principally) now starting into
growth, and those that are just completing their
growth are in right condition for potting at this
season. On no account should any plant that has
half completed its growth be disturbed at the root,
otherwise the growth of the foliage ceases, and the
bulb commences to form, and never attains the
strength it would have done undisturbed at the root.
Plants in this latter stage of growth should simply be
top-dressed with a little fresh sphagnum moss, which
will carry them on to the spring, when they will be in
right condition for potting at that season. To all
Odontoglossums and other cool Orchids potted at
this season give ample drainage and a free
open compost of one part sphagnum moss
and two parts best fibrous peat ; to this should
be added a small amount of broken crocks
and charcoal, and a slight dash of coarse sand.
The Masdevallias will be best left undisturbed at this
season, except it be any small plants that have
become very pot-bound, and these should be potted
with as little destruction of their roots as possible.
Any of the tender Odontoglots, such as O. citrosmum,
O. grande, and O. Phalrenopsis, that have been^grown
in the cool-house during the summer months, should
be removed to the cool end of the Cattleya-house
before the nights begin to get cold. The Dendrobes
commencing to ripen, and those finishing their
growths, will require careful treatment at the present
time to prevent them starting into new growth.
Pleiones and Thunias will now require to be kept
dry ; but as soon as the former show signs of flower-
ing a little moisture at the root will be beneficial to
them. Dispense with shading as much as possible
after this date, especially over the Vandas, Cattlejas,
Septemher S, iSi3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
303
and L^lias. Ventilate freely on all favourable occa-
sions, and avoid overloading the atmosphere with
moisture during dull weather. J, Roberts^ Giimicis-
bury Park Gardens,
ORCHID ILLUSTRATIONS.
Odon'toclossum Leeanum, Rchb. f. ; Moore, in
Orcliid Allium, t. loi. — See GavJ, Cliron.,\o\, xvii.,
p. 525 ; xix., p. 694. Hort. Soc.
Pleione Humilis var. tricolor, Rchb. (., in
Orchid Atbiiiii, t. I03.— A beautiful winter flowering
variety, with spre.iding linear violet sepals and petals,
and a broad yellow lip fringed at the edges and barred
and streaked with reddish-brown spots.
DENDROHIU^r Draconis, Rchb. f.. Can!. Chron.,
xix., 598 ; Moore in Orchid Allniin, t. 103 ; also
known, but incorrectly so, as D. eburneum. — Racemes
on leafy stems ; sepals and petals spreading lanceolate,
ivory-white ; lip hastate, 3-Iobed, with a rich orange
stain at the base and prolonged into a long spur.
0^'CIDIUM Foruesi, Hook. ; Moore, in Orchid
Albiini, t.,104. — Evergreen, producing many-flowered
panicles from the base of the pseudobulb, each flower
24 — 3 inches across, sepals and petals spreading, lip
much broader obovate, all yellow, heavily spotted and
barred with reddish-brown.
L.iiLIA ELEGANS PRASIATA, Rchb. f., in Card.
Chroii.,-n.s., xix., p. 11; Orchid Alinm, t. 97. —
Sepals rose-magenta, whitish in the centre and
towards the base ; petals rosy-lilac ; lip white where
it wraps round the column ; disc of the richest
magenta,
CORYANTIIES MACULATA VAR. PUNCTATA, Lindl. ;
T. Moore, in Orchid A/iiim, t. 98. — One of those
very remarkable Orchids similar to one of which we
gave a figure and detailed description at p. 597, 1SS2,
vol. xvii. The present species has pale yellow
flowers, thickly beset with small reddish spots, and
with a bucket-shaped lip, Iree from ridges, but
heavily blotched with purplish-brown.
Dendrobium Farmer: aureum, T. Moore, in
Orchid AWiim, t. 99.— A form with sepals and petals
bright golden-yellow, the lip orange.
Lycaste Harrisoni.e eburnea, Moore, in
Orchid Allnint, t. 100.— Sepals and petals ivory-white,
lip three-lobed, white with purple veins.
The heavy storms and boisterous weather we have
had lately have tended greatly to destroy the un-
usually brilliant eiTect presented in the flower garden
this autumn, by the splendid weather we experienced
during the month of August, Seldom have we seen
the beds better furnished, or the colours more glow-
ing and efTective, than they were during the period
mentioned. Some of the more tender subjects, it is
true, appeared to suffer from the low temperature in
July, and have scarcely even yet recovered sufficiently
to produce a fair display ; but the Pelargoniums, Cal-
ceolarias, Verbenas — and especially the better class of
herbaceous and annual plants — quickly assumed a
brilliant appearance as soon as the fine weather set in,
while the tenderer foliaged plants appeared too much
chilled to be able even to make fresh growth, but
still continued dull and cheerless ; this fact should,
and undoubtedly will, tell immensely in^favour of the
former class for bedding purposes, and tend to remove
that prejudice which exists in some minds against
their presence in the geometrical garden. In addi-
tion to this, they undoubtedly possess a great advan-
tage over the carpet-bedding section by their ever-
varying, ever-changing charms ; no two days does a
bed present exactly the same appearance — always
something fresh to relieve the eye, interest the mind,
and gladden the heart, and also remove the cause lor
that too oft repeated plaint, " magnificent, but mono-
tonous." The late storms have, however, sadly
marred the effect, which can only now be rectified
and renewed for a few weeks at most by a return of
fine sunny weather on the one hand, and strict care
and attention on the other in tying, trimming, and
picking them over daily, and instantly removing all
deatl and decaying subjects as soon as they appear,
and in immediately filling up any unseemly blanks
which may occur, with suitable plants. Cleanliness,
neatness, and order must be incessantly enforced and
maintained at this season, otherwise the garden
wiil quickly become a source of annoyance and pain
rather than pleasure.
Propagation. — Where the required stock of the
various kinds of plants has not already been secured
no opportunity should be now lost in obtaining the
requisite quantities. In respect to those plants which
easily strike and require but little heat, such as Pelar-
goniums, Calceolarias, Salvias, &c., there is no dilfi-
cully, as they will succeed if placed in a cold frame or
vinery; but with such things as Heliotrope, Iresine,
Coleus, and even Verbenas, they will at this late sea-
son be much more certainly increased if subjected to a
moderate bottom-heat ; and where a properly con-
structed propagating-house is not available a three-
light frame placed on a well-prepared dung-bed, with
a few inches of sawdust or other similar material
wherein to plunge the pots, will answer every pur-
pose, care being taken not to have the heat too violent
nor allow the rank steam to accumulate in the frame
without proper means of escape. As soon as struck
they should be immediately removed to a cooler posi-
tion to harden off. Dahlias, Phloxes, Asters, Anemo-
nes, Gladiolus, and all similar autumn - blooming
plants are exceptionally robust and floriferous this
year, and should therefore receive, especially during
this boisterous weather, particular attention in train-
ing and tjing, for upon them we must chiefly depend
for the late autumn display. The layers of Carna-
tions, Picotees, as well as the cuttings of Pentstemons,
Dianthus, Pyrethrums, and all similar plants, should
now be potted and placed in an exposed position,
prior to being stored in moderately dry frames for the
winter. Where the position, however, is somewhat
elevated and comparatively dry, many of them may
with safety be planted out in the open borders at once,
but my experience in a low-lying damp locality for
many years has taught me that they are only safe when
in cold frames during winter. T. S, C.
iBrapes anb Uineries.
All vineries from which the fruit has been cut
must have plenty of air on the front and back ventila-
tors, and plenty of clear cold water at the roots when
the border is dry. As the leaves begin to ripen and
drop off in the earliest house, keep them gathered up
so that the house is tidy, and if the lateral growths
are crowded, cut them out so that the sun and light
can act upon the remaining foliage to ripen it olT as
soon as possible. Houses containing ripe fruit must
be kept cool and dry, and only sufficient water be
given to the roots to keep the berries plump, give air
on all favourable occasions. Late Ilamburghs must
be kept at a night temperature of 65", with a rise of
10" by day until they are ripe, when the temperature
must be lowered, and plenty of air be given when the
external atmosphere is light and dry. Late TMuscats
must be kept at a night temperature of 70°, \siih a
rise of 10" by day (or a few degrees lower if the nights
are cold) until they are ripe, when the temperature
must be steadily reduced ; if the foliage is crowded,
thin out the laterals so that the bunches will
be partly exposed to the sun, which will help
them to colour better. Go over the houses
every week with a hair broom, taking down all
the spiders' webs, or they will get about and
disfigure the bunches ; water the border when dry
with clear tepid water at a temperature of 85°, and
leave a little air on the back ventilators all night.
Give ftont air on all favourable occasions with caution.
Late varieties of Grapes must be kept at a u\g\i\.
temperature of 65° to 70", with a rise of 10° by day.
If the border was watered when they first began to
change colour, examine it now, and if dry apply
clear tepid water. Leave air on the back ventilators
all night, and increase it in the daytime according to
the state of the external atmosphere, and use suf-
ficient fire-heat to keep up a circulation of warm air.
Do not damp the paths and borders after this time,
as the nights are longer, and less surface moisture
will be required. Young Vines of the first, second,
or third year's growth, if very strong, must have fire-
heat and plenty of air until the wood is well ripened,
and when the border is dry water with clear water ;
when the wood is ripe stop fire-heat and leave the
front and back ventilators open night and day. The
earliest pot Vines for fruiting next year will be ripen-
ing their wood now, and if the room is required
they may be placed outside against a south wall,
where they can be made secure from the wind, and
they must not be allowed to get dry at the roots ;
those that are not ripe in the wood must be kept
inside a little longer, and have plenty of heat and
air until the wood is well ripened, and then they
can be placed outside. Planting canes can be placed
outside, but the pots should be plunged in cocoa-nut
fibre, and the tops be made secure from the wind.
Joshua Atkins.
|m |a>I<lS Ji;>>it |!"'tl<l«'
Daily attention should be given to the gathering
of Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums, before they be-
come dead ripe on the tree, for if left till such is the
case, not only is the flavour of most kinds deteriorated,
but wasps, earwigs, and ants select the ripest and
best to feed upon. The fruit, if gathered as soon as
they easily separate from the tree, and placed on
shelves in a dry and well .ventilated fruit-room, are
much improved in flavour. Place the small muslin
bags on Figs a few days before they show signs of
ripening, to prevent attacks from birds, wasps, and
flies. Keep the leading shoots of wall trees fastened
in, to prevent them from being broken by high winds,
and keep all sublateral growths closely pinched in.
Peaches and Nectarines from which the fruit has been
gathered may have some of the bearing wood cut
away which would otherwise be cut at the winter
pruning, in order that the new shoots may be as much
as possible exposed to the influences of sun and air to
ripen ihem up. The premature falling of the foliage,
caused by attacks of red-spider, may be prevented by
applying the syringe or engine on its first appearance ;
if the tree is already infested, add sulphur to the
water when syringing.
Turn the leaves from the fruit on late Peaches to
obtain colour and flavour. Net up late Peaches,
Plums, Cherries, and autumn bearing Raspberries,
Make gatherings of Pears of each kind at intervals of
a few days, as they become fit, to pr:)long the season
of each. The crops of Apples of the various kinds
should be taken as soon as they readily separate from
the tree, before high winds shake them down. Early
varieties are, as a rule, more tender-fleshed than the
later ones and require careful handling ; lay them out
singly on the shelves in the fruit-room.
Make the final stopping of the secondary growths on
bush, pyramid, espalier, and cordon Apples, Pears,
Plums, and Cherries ; both the fruit and wood will
then have the full benefit of sun and air to accelerate
the ripening process. A memorandum should be made
of all trees making a too vigorous growth so that when
the time comes root-pruning may be resorted to, that
the evil effects may be remedied. Notes should be
made now of what fruit trees are required for planting,
and also of the variety most suitable for the soil and
locality decided upon, so that all may be in readiness
to commence planting-in the early part of the season,
which begins with October. Keep old and new
plantations of Strawberries free from runners and
weeds. Autumn fruiting plants should have a mulch-
ing placed around them to keep the fruit clean, D. C.
Powell^ Powderham CaUle^ Devon,
Clianthus Dampieri. — Not without some difTi
culty at first we now succeed very well in growing
this curious and remarkable plant in the open ground.
In March we sow the seeds on the spot, taking care
to protect the tender little plants from heavy rains,
leaving them, however, quite to themselves later on.
The flowering period commences in June, and lasts
until Christmas. It produces seed, however, rather
sparingly, a third part of the flowers only forming
pods, very likely for want of the proper insects. It
affords a splendid aspect to look at the number
of Clianthus plants grown in the open ground,
and we do not doubt that this brilliant Papilionacea
will accommodate itself more and more to our climate
and soil. It cannot be doubted either that seeds
raised here will grow much belter than those imported
from Australia or elsewhere, two-thirds of which
generally fril. Dammann 6^ Co^ Portici.
304
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 1883,
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Ste\ ,ns' and Pro-
theroe & Morris' Rooms.
■ Royal Horticultural Society : Meeting of
Fruit and Floral Committee, at it A.M.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
^Iorris' Rooms.
■ Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society s
Show (two days).
Sale of Dutch Bulbs and Imported Orchids,
at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Properties, at the Auction Mart, by
.. Protheroe & Morris.
■ International Potato Show at the Crystal
Palace (two days).
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens
Rooms: and of Dutch Bulbs, at Pro-
theroe & Morris' Rooms.
■ Royal Horticultural Society of Aberdeen,
Autumn Show (two days).
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens', and Pro-
theroe & Morris' Rooms.
MONDAV, Sept. 10
Tuesday, Sept. ii -
Wednesday, Sept. 12
Thursday, Sept. 13
Friday, Sept. 14
Saturday, Sept. is {
THERE is every reason to anticipate that
the annual Exhibition of Potatos
which will take place at the Crystal Palace on
Thursday and Friday next will be not only one
of the largest, but in every sense the best yet
held. We have had an exceptionally good
Potato season ; not only has the crop proved
to be large, but it has proved further to be un-
usually free from disease. The promoters of
this great annual Potato gathering will have
abundant reasons for congratulation that, what-
soever benefit has resulted to the Potato through
their efforts, both the growers and the public
will largely share in the almost universal abun-
dance of their favourite tuber.
The Potato exhibitions have been exception-
ally favoured in the patronage they have from
the first received from the magnates of the City
of London. There can be no doubt but that
those civic dignitaries who from time to time
have given freely of their wealth and of the
prestige of their patronage and presence, have
in so doing been actuated by an earnest desire
to promote the culture and improvement of an
article of food which is of such vast importance
to the nation at large that it probably ranks
second only to Wheat in value. The patronage
thus given has had a double benefit. It has
honoured the givers and the great city which
gives them position and wealth ; it has also
honoured and helped the annual exhibitions,
and for it the promoters, and, indeed, all inter-
ested in their success, have never ceased to be
grateful.
The origin of these shows is now a matter of
history, growing, as it did, out of the wondrous
success that attended the first really great show
of Potatos held in this country — viz., that at
Manchester in 1S72. This suggested the design
to one or two minds to strive for something
truly national. Another factor was what might
have been but seeming, but which neverthe-
less appeared to be a real slight, given to
Potato exhibitors in metropolitan quarters,
where encouragement had been expected, but,
as it proved, disappointed. The earlier shows
held at the Alexandra Palace and the Royal
Aquarium were veritable surprises, but in all
points these have been far outshone by the
displays since from year to year at the Crystal
Palace.
Some important features distinguish the Pota-
to show from other special exhibitions. There
can be no doubt but that it is in its individual
way doing far more for the Potato than any he-
terogeneous body could accomplish for it. Then
there is the peculiar fact that its chief workers
are mainly non-exhibitors. One or two may
show a little, but not largely ; indeed, we have
seen its most ardent supporter and Treasurer,
Mr. McKlNLAY — himself one of the most suc-
cessful cultivators of Potatos in the kingdom —
often exercise the greatest self-denial in the
matter of competing for prizes when he had but to
exhibit to win. With not a few of special bodies,
which have been organised for the prosecution
of the culture of some special flower, the pro-
moters are almost the sole exhibitors. It is a
specialism that perhaps finds few admirers, or
rather cultivators, and the promoters themselves
are fain to compete largely to make their
exhibitions. Potatos, however, find myriads of
admirers and growers ; they are grown every-
where, and shown everywhere, and experience
has manifested that it is but to offer prizes, and
growers in scores, far and near, come to stage
their favourite tubers, and to submit them to the
severest ordeal offered perhaps at any exhi-
bition in the kingdom.
Necessarily the work of the exhibitions, their
arrangement, preparation, and organisation,
must be carried out by a very limited number
of persons, because the calling together from
all parts of the kingdom of the large general
committee would be impossible. That in such
case the burthen rests all the more heavily
upon the shoulders of those few who conduct
the exhibitions may be expected ; but it is
lightened by the knowledge that the utmost
confidence of the numerous subscribers and ex-
hibitors is felt in the executive. Mr. McKinlay
enjoys the esteem and confidence of all with,
whom the shows have brought him into contact,
and not less is the warm good feeling towards
one who has from the first been found to be a
tower of strength and a power of usefulness,
Mr. Shirley Hibberd. This gentleman, an
honoured and distinguished leader in the
Horticultural Press, has not spared himself
amidst his multifarious engagements to devote
himself unsparingly to the Potato and its
culture, and not least, to its great Inter-
national Exhibitions. Mr. Hibberd is en-
dowed with not a little of that fire and
enthusiasm that are supposed usually to be
the attributes of youth alone. Those ele-
ments of force and usefulness he has carried
into the management of these Potato exhibi-
tions, attending to the smallest details with the
same thoroughness that has been given to the
more popular portions of the arrangements.
Even attendances at Chiswick upon the seed-
ling committee, and the most patient attention
to the merits of even the most unpromising of
new kinds, have never been neglected. In
matters of such interest and usefulness, Mr.
Hibberd has always been foremost : and those
raisers who have sent their seedling kinds to
Chiswick need not fear that, as long as he is
directing the labours of that seedling com-
mittee, so long certainly will its work be done
with zeal and impartiality. The admirable por-
trait of this gentleman which we give on the
opposite page, comes as a fitting reminder of the
honourable association of the original with the
International Potato Exhibitions.
There are some persons who will perchance
ask. What good do the Potato shows accomplish
for the esculent, which has not inaptly been
termed "the noble tuber ? " It is not our place to
give reply to such a question ; but we may sug-
gest to such critics to look around. Any such
criticism, it must be remembered, will apply not
only to Potato shows, but to all others, for the
very raison d'etre of their existence is that for the
objects they include they are designed to do
good. The Potato is not merely the favoured sub-
ject of the International Potato Show Commit-
tee, it is almost universally exhibited, and has so
been for many years. One great need on the part
of judges at the provincial shows was a better
knowledge of the qualities which make up good
Potato samples, and growers through defective
knowledge on the part of their censors were
being led astray. Very much of this compara-
tive ignorance the International Potato Shows
have been instrumental in correcting. They
have set up a high standard of excellence, very
far excelling that generally found in provincial
districts, and they have taught very much con-
cerning the Potato of which in the past even
assumed good judges were ignorant. The shows
have also done something for that depressed
class— Potato raisers. They had for many
years worked hard but very aimlessly, knowing
little of what was needed, and still less of what
kinds already existed. Seedlings are now taken
in hand, and submitted to an ordeal of the
severest kind. They are tested in every useful
point, and if found wanting are discarded, but
if found good are encouraged with certificates
and prizes. In time our trade lists will be
purged of all inferior sorts, and it is hoped of
all synonyms, and that only first-class kinds
will be offered in commerce. Thus the Potato
is being lifted to the highest elevation of popu-
larity, excellence, and usefulness.
WOOLHOPE Club. — The assembling for the
week's diversions will commence on Monday,
October i, with the annual foray on Thursday,
October 4. To meet at Hereford.
Hackney Natural History Society's
annual fungus excursion will take place on Saturday,
October 13. To enter Epping Forest from the Ching-
ford side,
Scottish Cryptogamic Society. — The
annual conference and foray will be held at Dumfries
on September ii, 12, and 13.
Essex Field Club.— The annual fungus
meeting is fixed for Loughton, for Epping Forest, on
Saturday, September 29.
Campanula Van Houttex. — M. Rodi-
GAS tells us in the Illustration Horticole that this
plant was raised some twenty years since by Dr.
RoDiGAS between C. nobilis and C. grandiflora. It
was at first called C. hybrida. We suppose the name
of Van Houtte became attached to it as the one
who distributed the plant, but it is clear that it would
have been more just to have called it C. Rodigasii x ,
or, to avoid confiision, C. Dr. Rodigas.
The Hampton Court Vine. — The total
number of bunches of Grapes on the great Vine at
Hampton Court this year is about 1300, or 130 in
excess of the number last year. The Vine, it will be
remembered, was planted in 1768 from a slip from a
Vine at Valentines, in the parish of Ilford, Essex, and
it has been known to produce as many as 2200 bunches
in one year.
Drought Effects. — The splendid weather
which till recently marked the autumn and made that
season one of the most glorious harvest times for many
years, has in its operation become in some parts of the
kingdom, and notably around London, exceedingly
trying to vegetable life. Those who reside in localities
where rain has been abundant, will read with surprise
of large Elms and Limes already denuded of their
foliage, and in all directions is the ground strewed
with leaves, or on the trees they are of that golden
hue which rather marks October than August. To
the gardener who loves tidiness, the early fall of the
leaf is most distressing, as he sees before him a long
season of litter and consequent labour. To the lover
of the beautiful in Nature, the early defoliation of the
trees is even more painful, as our summers are
now far too short, and a burnt, browned, leafless
vegetation is the reverse of pleasing or picturesque.
Worst of all, the gardener, and specially the market
grower, is seeing the rich promise of the early summer
marred by the long-continued drought, which is wither-
ing the Apples, Pears, and Plums ere they are ripe
for gathering, and causing the foliage to fall, so that
many fruit laden trees are leafless. Green crops are
suffering terribly and look miserably blue. Early sown
Turnips are stunted, and late sowings absolutely refuse
to germinate, so that the vegetable prospect where
the drought prevails is but a poor one at present. All
early Potatos have been got up without a speck of
disease, but late ones are now withering up, and the
prospective crop greatly discounted, so that there may
not be the anticipated great abundance of Potatos
after all, except in those more favoured localities
where rain has been plentiful. Within the last few
days cold rains have fallen and violent gales done
much havoc in orchard and Hop garden.
The Grass and Clover Crops.— Advices
received up to the end of August from Germany re-
port quite unfavourably on the prospect of the crops
of grass seeds in that country. The continued dry-
September 8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
305
ness of the weather, the total want of rain, and the
absence of all moisture during early spring caused the
destruction of much seed, lost in consequence of the
plants being positively dried up. Even in those dis-
tricts which promised somewhat better, and where
some expectations of a crop were entertained, the
great want of fodder caused the grass to be cut, instead
of being left to produce and ripen seed. So general
a failure has not occurred for years, and it is dillicult
to mention a single sort of grass of which it could be
said there is a satisfactory crop. The consequence
of this scarcity has resulted in a stronger competition
than usual in the purchase of these seeds ; and as a
result a general rise in the prices, and purchasers are
whether they will be disappointed, as last year, or
have an abundant crop.
Novelties in Nomenclature. — It is not
unusual to hear exclamations against the " crackjaw "
names botanists bestow on plants, yet we often find
that these names are rendered unintelligible and un-
pronounceable by persons who are not botanists.
Seldom, however, do we find such radical alterations
in names as appear in the report of a flower show
lately held at .\rdrossan. After leading up to some
exhibits of Ferns with a proper procession of sen-
tences the report continues : — " These were beautiful
ii) shade and variety, including as they did, speci-
time, flowering freely. It is a stronger and more robust
grower than the better known I', angulosa (the old
Lobelia litoralis), which under its correct name was
certificated as a new plant a year or two ago, P.
arenosa forms dense cushions of light green fleshy
leafage studded with numberless pure white blossoms.
Mr. Lawless' Specimen Plants. — We
regret to hear that, through prolonged illness, Mr.
Geobge Cole is about to sever himself from the very
fine collection of exhibition plants which he has so
long grown for J. Lawless, Esq., of Exeter. It is
also much to be regretted that such a collection should
have to come under the hainmer of the auctioneer, as,
w
■ It ' .i':.
i I
SHIRLEY HIBBERD.
paying much higher than has hitherto been paid for
current qualities. The demand for Meadow Foxtail
and Meadow Fescue will, to all appearance, be very
heavy, these seeds being among those most sought
for. The crop of reliable seed is very small ; many
producers cut their seed much too early, and in con-
sequence the seed is very inferior, showing but poor
germinating power. True Meadow Fescue is very
scarce and high in price, but what there is is of very
fine quality. Poas have been harvested in very small
quantities, but the quality appears to be very fine.
Hard and Sheep's Fescue are in verygreat demand, and
the supply is expected to fall much short of what is
really required. The Clover fields look very fine, but
not finer than at the corresponding period, when the
hopes of the growers were verygreat. But it depends
on the weather during the first half of September
mens of the ' De Vala Moreana ' and others, and
the eftect was very pleasing. The other table was
loaded with perfect specimens of Hydrangeas, Coleus,
Tree Carnations, DracKnas, Gluckcenas, and Ada
Anthiums, while, overtopping all, was a noble Tree
Fern, supported by a Dixonia and Croton (variegated)
Ferns." We do not accuse the reporter of wilfully
modifying the names, indeed in one case he protects
himself with inverted commas ; but the " De Vala "
and "Ada Anthium " look like an attempt at a
humourous rendering of the more homely Davallia
and Adiantum. But this merciful view of the matter
is completely upset by such a name as Gluckcena.
Pratia arenosa. — In the herbaceous de-
partment at Kew this handsome New Zealand
Lobeliad is now, and has been for a considerable
we believe, is the present intention of their owner.
Such successful growers as Mr. George Cole are not
too plentiful in the land, and it is to be hoped he will
soon be restored to health again.
A Japanese Work on Systematic
Botany.— We have seen the first part of a new
Japanese work consisting of coloured illustrations,
and, apparently, for we regret to say we are unable to
read the language, descriptions of plants, wild or
cultivated, in Japan. We understand it is being
published under the auspices of the Japanese Govern-
ment. The book is of folio size, and the arrange-
ment is systematic ; this part being devoted to
plants belonging to the natural orders RanunculaceEe
and Magnoliacese. Botanical names and authorities
are given in Roman characters, therefore this part of
3o6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
ISeptember 8, i8
the letterpress is intelligible to us. The plants
figured are : — PiEonia moutan, four varieties ;
Chimonanthus fragrans, three varieties ; Illicium
anisalum var. religiosum, jNIagnolia obovata, two
varieties ; M. conspicua, M. Kobus, M. stellata,
two varieties ; M. parviflora, M. hypoleuca, two
varieties ; M. grandiflora, Michelia chatnpaca. Mag-
nolia compressa, and Magnolia sp. : in all twenty-
two plates. The figures are boldly drawn and well
coloured, so they ate readily recognised.
. — — Hklenium tenuifolium grows about
\\ foot in height, has somewhat slender stems
clothed rather thickly with narrow linear leaves,
and crowned with corymbed heads of bright yellow
flowers. It is a smaller growing and mote elegant
plant than the Sneeze-weed, the popular Helenium
aulumnale. Both species are now flowering in the
herbaceous collection at Kew.
Chinese Joss Paper. — It is stated in a
Government report that Foochow enjoys a high re-
pute for the quality of its joss paper, which is
annually shipped in large quantities to Tientsin and
Chwang, where it is distributed throughout the north
and west to the very confines of the erapiie. The export
increased from 9261 piculs in 18S0 to 11,119 piculs in
iSSl. Joss paper is manufactured from imported tin,
which is first rolled and then hammered into very fine
sheets ; these sheets, together with paper specially pre-
pared for the purpose, are sent out to the surrounding
villages, where women and girls are employed in pasting
them together and drying them carefully in the sun.
Should a golden hue be desired, an admixture of Rice
starch and the extract of Senna seed appied with a
brush imparts the necessary tint. When the process
of pasting and drying is complete the sheets are cut
into sizes suitable for the market, the uncoloured
kind being supposed to represent silver paper..
Asters. — We desire to correct a slight error
in our note on the plants exhibited by Messrs. James
Carter & Co. at the last meeting at South Kensing-
ton. The plants were lifted the day before from seed-
beds, numbering in all about 15,000 plants, and had
not been, as we stated, grown in pots for exhibition.
The beds at the present time are in great beauty, and
well worth a visit by any one who can find time to go
and see them.
Window Gardening in Sheffield.— The
Sheffield School Board on Saturday last made an
interesting experiment with the view of encouraging
the love and culture of flowers, and especially in regard
to window gardening, among the scholars. Five thou-
sand plants were given out to boys and girls in one
district to be reared for competition. The exhibition
took place in Duchess Road schools, when 2500 plants
were brought forward, many in very fine condition.
The Mayoress of Sheffield presented prizes to over
a hundred scholars, and so great was the interest ex-
hibited by the patents of the children and the public
that from 15,000 to 20,000 people visited the exhibi-
tion during the day. The success will lead to general
competition extending to all schools.
Sportiveness in the Dahlia. — This fact
in the physiology of the Dahlia was abundantly illus-
trated at the recent show at the Crystal Palace at
Sydenham. Not a few of the fancy Dahlias sport to
a self form, and in this character can be shown as
show flowers, and at this particular exhibition such
fancy varieties as George Barnes, Hugh Austin, Rev.
J. B. M. Camm, Lady Antrobus, James O'Brien,
Charles Wyatt, &c., were seen among the self show
flowers. One show flower. Flag of Truce, was shown
as a fancy ; it is a white flower, occasionally tipped
with lilac, and striped and splashed with this colour
also, and then it is admissible as a fancy variety. Mr.
Turner's stand of twenty-four fancy varieties con-
tained three distinct sports from the fancy Gaiety, all
of which were shown as separate varieties. Gaiety is
a yellow ground flower, striped with red and distinctly
tipped with while. Of the sports, one resembled the
type, only that there was no white tip ; another had
a clear yellow ground charmingly tipped with white,
but without a trace ol the red stripes common to it ;
the third had a pale yellow ground heavily tipped
with a kind of dull orange-red, with a flush of purple
and very slight stripes of red ; and yet Mr. Turner
was not able to show a bloom of Gaiety in his stand
of fancies. In Messrs. Keynes & Co.'s winning stand
of twenty- four fancies could be seen a sport from
Gaiety answering exactly to the character of one of
those in Mr. Turner's stand. Sports of good cha-
racter occasionally become fixed, and they are propa-
gated and distributed as distinct varieties. The new
sport from James O'Brien — Duchess of Connaught —
is a case in point, and it was awarded a First-class
Certificate at the Crystal Palace as a distinctly new
fancy,
Lapageria alba, &c.— This superb gteen-
houseclimber is doing grandly at Bearwood, where Mr.
Tegg has two very strong plants growing in 24-inch
pots at either end of a long house, and on the northern
or coolest side. Midway there is placed a strong
plant of L. rosea, and the growth meeting that of the
white kinds, and becoming intermixed with it,
literally fills all that part of the roof with beautiful red
and white balls, which are hanging by hundreds, and
presenting a very striking sight. As the plants are
thus a little in shade, the blooms are far more
enduring than when grown in the strong sunlight.
They are found after being cut to keep well in a cool
room for three weeks. In an open frame there were
the other day growing a number of stout dwarf plants
of that beautiful winter Fuchsia, the hybrid Domini-
ana. These were from spring-struck cuttings, and
when in a greenhouse in the winter will be found to
be the most valuable of winter blooming plants. It
is one of those winter specialities that has always done
well at Bearwood. Allamanda Schotti trained along
the roof of a span greenhouse is a superb climber.
When, as presented to the public gaze at flower shows,
this noble Allamanda is "cribbed, cabined, and con-
fined " to a globe wire trellis, rich coloured as its
flowers may be, it looks anything but happy. It is,
however, when seen growing in rich profusion, and
almost wildly, as at Bearwood, that the full merits of
the plant as a house-climber are seen. Another plant
that merits notice is the charming pea-flowered
Swainsonia Osbornei, the blooms of a pleasing rosy-
purple hue, and most freely produced. This is not
only a charming warm greenhouse plant, but it
furnishes capital cut blooms. Amidst such an
abundance of Ferns and foliage plants, it is pleasant
now and then to find a good old plant in bloom.
Hardy Heaths. — Looking through a col-
lection of hardy Heaths at the close of the last week
in August, the following varieties of the common Ling
were far superior in general effect to any other of the
numerous forms with which they were growing, all
being under precisely similar conditions in every
respect. Calluna vulgaris Hammondii is a tall free-
flowering white form, and a strong vigorous grower
into the bargain; the variety dumosa makes com-
pact, dense, cushion-like masses scarcely more than
6 inches in height. After most of the other kinds
have passed this remains in nice flower ; it is a very
neat and pretty plant, with brighter coloured flowers
than the common Ling. Another variety, thoroughly
distinct from the last named one, although somewhat
similar in habit, is coccinea. This has bright red
flowers and twigs, and young growths so decidedly
hoary as to give a greyish-while tint to the plants,
and render it conspicuous amongst its neighbours.
In the genus Erica certainly the showiest plant in
flower was E. Mackayii, a sub-species of the common
cross-leaved Heath, which is found wild in Ireland,
where it is restricted to heaths between Roundstone
and Clifden, in Galway. This plant, which accord-
ing to some authorities is a hybrid, is also found in
Spain, but nowhere else.
Heimia salicifolia. — Some three or four
species of Heimia are recorded as having been intro-
duced to this country, but two of them — namely, H.
linariajfolia and H. myrtifolia, both from South
America — are referable to the species under notice.
H. grandiflora is confined to Buenos Ayres, along
with H. salicifolia, while the latter occurs also in
Mexico and Texas. It is a highly ornamental ever-
green shrub, with erect twiggy branches, and both
species are remarkable as the only yellow-flowered
members of the order of Loosestrifes. The foliage of
the Willow-leaved species much resembles that of the
Pomegranate, another allied plant. Planted against
a wall at Kew, it never fails to bloom at this season,
and onwards till cold weather sets in ; and this year
the flowers are, if anything, unusually abundant.
Formerly it was reckoned as a stove plant, probably
because coming from such warm countries ; but the
present plant never receives any protection in winter,
and although it loses its leaves, young shoots break
forth again in spring, attaining by the end of summer
a height of 3 to 5 feet. It is self-supporting, and
receives no pruning or training beyond keeping it in
bounds, or cutting away dead wood. It is a shrub
that deserves more attention for its distinct appearance
and late-blooming properties,
Coccocypselum discolor. — The plants
belonging to this genus of the Cinchonads are not
remarkable, or indeed valuable, for their flowers,
which are small and uninteresting — a defect which is
redeemed by the berried and sometimes highly-
coloured fruit. The berries in this instance ate pro-
duced in axillary clusters, and assume a fine blue
colour as they approach maturity. They are also
botanically interesting for their axile placentas, which
are many-seeded, occupying a central position
on the inner angle of each of the two cells of
which the fruit is composed. Several plants of the
present species, fruiting finely in the stove at Kew,
illustrate their value as basket-plants for decorative
purposes. Flowers are produced at almost any sea-
son, but the fruit seems to set best during the summer
months. The slender pendent stems and the under-
side of the leaves are covered with a violet-purple
pubescence, which lends an additional interest and
value to the plant, as well as being suggestive of the
specific appellation.
Jasione MONTANA. — It is rather singular
that this, one of our native wildings, and a really
ornamental plant, receives so little attention at the
hand of the horticulturist, when far less effective
exotics have so much time and attention devoted to
them. In a wild state, where it grows on rather dry
banks, as on Wimbledon and Ham Commons, as well
as on railway embankments westward of that, the
leaves are apt to wither up on the lower part of the
stem, but under cultivation it retains these, forming
an admirable setting for the capitate blue flower-
heads. The mode of inflorescence is imitated by
some of the Phyteumas and Gilia capitala, but most
of all by the members of the Scabious family. As it
ripens seeds freely there would be no difficulty in
perpetuating a stock of it from year to year, as a
border annual worthy of attention, and deserving the
space it would occupy. There is a figure of the plant
in English Botany, 142.
■ Dahlias. — Mr. Turner informs us that he
intends to exhibit a full collection of show, fancy,
bouquet, bedding, and single Dahlias at the meeting
of the Floral Committee at South Kensington on
Tuesday next ; and we mention the fact in the interest
of those lovers of this fine autumn flower who w-ere
unable to get to the grand show at the Crystal Palace
last week, and who would yet like to have a look at
" the beauties " ere it is too late.
Bee Plants. — At a recent monthly meeting
of the Montgomery County, Ohio, Plorticullura
Society, the Rev. L. L. Langstroth, the inventor
of the movable frame hive, recommended the planting
of all waste places with the Golden Rod and the
Wild Aster, the bees being so fond of these flowers
that they will forsake almost everything else for
them.
Thunbergias.— It is not often that one sees
these charming plants in gardens now-a-days. They
have the reputation of being dirty plants when
grown in a house, being subject to red-spider and
attacks of insects, which soon causes the plants to
become foul and disagreeable in appearance. But
did people who grow flowers know what charm-
ing outdoor subjects they are when propeily grown,
they would be cultivated much more generally
than they are. It is worth a journey all the way
from London to see a batch of Thunbergias grow-
ing in the open ground at Messrs. Sutton & Son's,
Portland Nurseries, at Reading. Let us, in a few
words, set forth the mode in which these plants were
treated, that others may be encouraged to " go and
do likewise." The sorts were T. alata, and its
varieties alba and aurantiaca. The seeds were
raised in a brisk hotbed, where there was a great
deal of moisture ; then, when large enough, four
plants were put into a 60-pot, and later shifted into a
4S-pot ; a few twigs of a birch-broom, about iS inches
long, being placed round the sides of the pots for the
shoots to clmg to. They were gradually haidened
off, and encouraged to make a vigorous healthy
growth. Early in June the plants were turned out of
September 8, 1883.]
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
307
the pots and planted out-ot-doots without dislutliing
the balls ; they soon became established and form hand-
some cones, while the side shoots completely carpet
the fpices between the mounds. Here then is a
" wrinkle " how to form a bed of Thunbergias. The y
plants have thriven amazingly, and are now masses of
bloom, and a singularly pretty and, it can be added,
unusual, sight to look upon— the bright orange of
aurantiaca contrasting in such a pleasing manner with
the buff of alata and the whiteness of its variety.
Need it be stated that there was not a trace of red-
spider on these flourishing plants ?
Lathyrusrotundifolius.— Thishandsome
everhisting Pea, certainly one of the most desirable
members of a genus which supplies not a few high-
class ornamental plants for our herbaceous borders, is
now blooming in the herbaceous department at Kew.
It is a native of South Russia and Asia Minor, has
been long cultivated in England, but how and when it
wai introduced to this country is not certain. It is a
perfectly glabrous climber, with broadly winged
branches and rather long-stalked racemes of somewhat
large deep rose-pink flowers. When, in addition to
the brilliancy and delicacy of its blossoms, one adds
that it is perfectly hardy, is a free grower and an
equally free flowerer, enough has been stated in the
way of recommendation to prove that the species is
well worth growing in any garden. It is, however,
by no means common, and it is but recently that it
was added to the Kew collection. A figure of the
plant was published in one of the recent volumes of
the Botanical Ma'^azinc.
Samolus LiTTORALis. — Under the same
conditions requisite for the successful cullivalion of
the pretty little Anagallis tcnella, the delicate and
charming Wahlenbergia hederacca, the Bird's-eye
Primrose, Primula (arinosa, and other of our native
bog or moisture-loving plants, which of late have
begun to find farour with the general public, Samolus
littoralis will grow freely. It is an infinitely more
beautiful plant than our native Brook-weed, Samolus
Valerandi, and one, moreover, which scarcely demands
more attention. It is a perfectly glabrous herb, with
creeping barren stems clothed with small fleshy leaves
and upright flower-stems, bearing clusters of pretty
pink-tinted flowers. It is a native of marshy places
near the sea, throughout the islands of New Z-aland,
and is abundant in Australia, Tasmania, and the
Pacific Islands ; it has also been found in South
Chili.
Akgemone hispida.— There are few Poppy-
worts more decidedly worth a place in the herbaceous
border than the subject of the present note. It was
first raised at Kew some few years ago from seed
collected by Sir Joseph HooiCEiiin Colorado, where,
according to its discoverer, this fine plant is, during its
flowering season, one of the greatest ornaments of the
vegetation ; it abounds in open grassy and stony
places in great profusion, flowering for three months
of the year. The flowers are of a snowy white, and
the brush-like mass of golden anthers lends an addi-
tional charm. A. hispida grows nearly double the
height of the yellow-flowered A. mexicana, which is
so well able to take care of itself, that according to
Sir Joseph IIooicer's Journal of a Naturalist in llic
Himalayas, it occurs as a roadside plant for hundreds
of miles in India. In Kew also, in company with the
two species already named, is a charming form of the
latter wiih pretty white-veined foliage and pale prim-
rose coloured flowers : this attains a height of not
more than 15 or 18 inches.
A Grand New Aerides is now in bloom in
Messrs. Sander & Co.'s Nursery, at St. Albans. It
is of massive habit, both as regards the plant and also
the flower, and may be considered the finest Aetides
ever introduced. The plant, which is only now
getting established, bears a spike 2 feet 6 inches in
length, furnished with thirty bold wax-like flowers,
the ground colour of which is clear white, each segment
tipped with bright mauve, and the centre of the
flower marked with crimson-mauve. The whole
aspect of the plant is very striking, the largest leaves
being 2 feet in length by 2 inches in width. Only
the mass in question was ever imported.
weed, the red tint giving quite a new aspect to the
pond vegetation. It is interesting when we consider
that only a few years ago it came to this country in a
small box, and has no doubt found its way to the
Kasicote pond frorrr the tank of a private garden
ODONTOGI.OSSIIM Al.liXANDR.Ti VIRC.INALE,
a pure white variety, with only a light yellow mark
in the centre, aiul one ol the rarest and finest of the O.
Alexandras, is now in bloom with Messrs. Siiuti'LE-
woKTii, Cakdi-ui & Co. It is a very pleasing form,
and the pity is that it will never be other than rare.
Burglaries at Chester.— Two daring
burglaries were committed early on Wednesday
morning at Chester, on the premises of Messrs. F. &
A. Dickson & Son.s, and Messrs. James Dickson
& Sons, in Easigate Street. The thieves entered
Messrs. F. & A. Dickson's establishment from the
back, which faces Chester Cathedral, and got in
through the skylight in the roof, which they reached
by ladders. The premises where then thoroughly
ransacked. A safe in which large sums of money
were placed was unsuccessfully attacked with jemmies,
and, foiled at this, the thieves descended to the shop
and forced open the counter till, but secured only
about ^i in silver. Annoyed at their ill luck after
forcing nine desks and locked drawers, they wan-
tonly scattered about large quantities of goods and
then left. Passing over the roof of the Green Dragon
Hotel, they entered the warehouse of Messrs. James
Dickson & Sons, and descended to the shop, which
they ransacked in the same manner, but obtained
only £2 and a number of postage stamps. Con-
siderable damage was also done to drawers and
property at this establishment. The thieves got
safely away, though some time must have been
occupied in the burglaries. The burglaries were the
work of experienced hands, as shown by the way in
which the locks were forced.
The Weather.— General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Sept. 3, issued by the Meteorological
Oftice, London :— The weather, which at the open-
ing of this period was fair in the S. and S.E., subse-
quently became unsettled, dull, and showery in all
parts of the kingdom, the disturbance culminating in
very heavy rains and violent winds at almost all our
stations. The temperature has been slightly above
the average in "England, N.E.," and "England, E.,"
and about the average for the season in " Scot-
land, E.," but elsewhere the readings have been a
little below their normal value. The maxima were
recorded in most places on Aug. 28, and varied
from 67° in " Ireland, N.," and 69° in " Scotland," to
77° in " England, S." The minima, which were gene-
rally registered on September I, ranged from 41° in
"Scotland, E." to 47° in " England, S.," and 48°
in "England, N.W." The rainfall has been more
than the mean in all districts, the excess in "Ire-
land," "Scotland, E,," and "Central and South-
western England " being very considerable. The
bright sunshme percentages show a great decrease
in all parts of the country, ranging from 15 per pent,
of the possible duration in "England, N.W.,"and
17 per cent.- in "Ireland, N.," to 28 per cent, in
the " East of Scotland," and "East of England."
Depressions observed :— During the first, and greater
part of this period, the barom-.ter was highest over
France, and lowest over Scandinavia, while^ some
small, shallow depressions passed in an E N.E.
direction over the United Kingdom, the winds m our
islands consequently being moderate or fresh from
the south-westward or westward. By the morning
of September i, however, a very deep depression
was observed approaching the S.W. of Ireland, caus-
ing the barometer to fall rapidly on our S.W. coasts,
and the wind to increase to a gale from S. or S.E.
during the following day, as the disturbance moved
rather slowly eastward or north-eastward, the wind
increased to a gale at nearly all our stations— from
S.E. or E. in the E. and N., from N. or N.W. in
the W., and from between W. and S. in the S. and
S.E. By Sept. 3 the depression had reached the
North Sea, off ilie Scotch coast, and the wind,
which had veered to the northward or north-west-
ward, was moderating in force. Over the N. ol
France, the Channel, and the S. of England, the
gale was unusually severe.
A/.oi.LA piNNATA. — A large pond by the Gardening Appointments. — Mr. R.
roadside at Eastcote, near Pinner, is covered with Thompson, tor six years Plant and Fruit Foreman
this pretty little stranger, which seems to be quite at at Alnwick Castle, as Gardener to General Stans-
home, and even overrides the common native Duck-
FIELD, Esholt Hall, Yeadon, Leeds.
BROCKHURST NOTES.
Ai'TEK a three weeks' absence on holiday in Scotland,
there is much to note in one's garden at this season of
the year. It was strange to find at Moffat that vegeta-
tion was a clear month later than at home. Our
Strawberries and Gooseberries were nearly over when
we left home the 1st week in August, and on leaving
Moffat at the end of August the Elton Pines were in
perfection, and the Gooseberries and Ras|jberries were
just ripe. I wonder the Scotch nurserymen do not
send more fruit to the English market. It would be
almost as valuable the latest, as the Channel Islands
fruit is in the earliest season.
This year we started our seeds very early, and in
consequence a great many of them are now blooming
whieh usually take two years before they mature. We
sowed almost everything in 6-inch pots, and placed
these closely covered over in a warm vinery early in
March, and in from ten to twenty days they showed
their leaves. We then removed them, and by gradu-
ally hardening them o(T they reached the outdoor
frames in May, and were then pricked-out in shallow
boxes. Finally they were transferred to the open
garden, and a good many are now in bloom.
Primula obconica, or more properly, perhaps, P.
poculiformis, has done remarkably well. It was sown
March 2, and it is now plentifully in flower in our
garden. It is a lovely plant, and bids lair to be a
valuable one. It has a yellowish-green foliage in
rosettes, from which rise stout stalks bearing trusses
of pale pink flowers of the rosea type ; some of the
flowers are nearly white. It is very floriferous.
Another novelty now in bloom from seed sown in
March last is Glyphosperma Palmeri, the seed of
which was sent to me by Mr. Falconer, of Harvard
University Botanic Gardens, as a new genus and new
species from Northern Mexico. We have been suc-
cessful in raising a good stock of it, and the first
flowers bloomed to-day. It is allied to the Anthe-
ricums, has Rush- like foliage, and stout stalks bearing
pinkish-white flowers, with a dark line along the
centre of each petal. I fear it will scarcely be
hardy, but it will probably do well if wintered in
a frame. As, however, it flowers thus the first
year, it will be well worth growing from seed ;
it is a very lovely flower. Another American
plant, Tagetes Perryi, has not proved so satisfactory.
It has flowers like the French Marigold, but the
smell is very offensive. It is very strongly scented
when only in leaf. Iberis gibraltarica bybrida, and
Iberis Pruiti, raised from seed planted in March last,
are now blooming plentifully, as are also several of
the Lychnis and Agrostemmas. Of these there are
now some lovely varieties — L. Flos-Jovis has a most
beautiful carmine-pink shade, and the variety of L.
coronaria mexicana has a deep claret-pink, almost
crimson, of great beauty. These plants are most
useful for border work at this season, when flowers are
scarce, and especially bright ones. I would encourage
all lovers of hardy and alpine plants to endeavour to
grow their stock thus from seed. We have in this way
succeeded in raising over a hundred sorts, many of
them exceedingly rare — and the failures have been
few. Not only have we supplied our own require-
ments, but we have also had the pleasure of giving to
many friends from our surplusage,
A few notable plants are now blooming with us
which deserve a passing notice. Of the Hyperi-
cums, H. empetrilolium is a very pretty plant,
having Heath-like foliage, with an erect shrubby
habit, and bearing beautiful spikes of yellow flowers.
H. xgyptiacum is another excellent variety, having
Thyme-like leaves and pale yellow flowers ; the
stamens form a boss in the centre of each flower,
giving it a distinctive appearance. Anomalheca
cruenta, kindly given me last year by Mr. Poe, of
Riverston, is a most lovely plant, having flowers
of the richest pink, with dark carmine centres. One
of the Lobelias of the syphilitica type is also of great
beauty— a rich claret-crimson, brighter even than
Lobelia cardinalis, which blooms near it. These
Lobelias are sometimes cried down, but they are valu-
able autumn plants, and some of the varieties are of
sterling value. Lobelia ilicifolia is a charming rockery
plant, having a close foliage and a creeping habit,
with tiny flowers of pure white dotted over the leafage.
Ranunculus magellanica is in flower here for the first
time, and is a lovely plant, reminding one of R.
glacialis, but having more delicate white petals, with
a boss of yellow anthers in the centre. Silene
Schafta, which blooms near it, is just now one mass
3o8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 1883
of lovely pink — a grand rockery plant. A new
Spircea, sent out by Froebel as species nova, from
Japan, is now blooming, and is a very interesting
dwarf plant. Possibly it may come taller next year,
but at present it forms a bush about S inches
high, with dark green foliage, every branch carrying
a small tuft of pink at the end, reminding one of
tiny bosses of S. palmata. It is a perfect gem, and I
hope will maintain its dwarf habit, which fits it
admirably for rockwork, [Probably Spiraea bullata.
See p. 6S0, vol. xviii. Ed.] The Spiraeas have been
unusually fine here this year, S. palmata and
S. venusta having been one mass of lovely pink for
many weeks.
The Tradescantias have been also very floriferous,
especially one that is new to me, T. congesta. It
grows 3 feet high, each stalk carrying a dense ball of
pale blue flowers, which succeed each other for many
weeks The white and crimson varieties of Trades-
cantias are also excellent border plants, and there is
a lovely dwarf variety, T. pumila, which grows only
4 inches high, with deep blue flowers. We are now
gay with Anemone japomca Honorine Jobert, of
which grand plant there cannot be too much in any
garden. Galtonia candicans is also very beautiful.
Lilies have not done well here this season. Wm,
Bi'ockbank^ Brockhnrst^ Didsbury, Sept. 2.
FRUIT NOTES.
Apple American Mother (Floi-ist, August,
1883). — Fruit medium-sized, sub-globose, with a short
stalli and shallow eye ; skin golden-yellow streaked
with crimson and sprinkled with russet dots. Flesh
white, crisp, aromatic. Of full quality, but shy.
Pear Margaret Marillat (Revue Horticole,
August I). — A large Pear, seemingly of the Williams'
type, but which does not blet or rot in the centre. It
is a Pear of large size, oblong pyriform, with a short
thick stalk, and a rich yellow skin speckled with
brown.
Nectarine Humboldt (Florist, July). — A
variety highly spoken of by Mr. Miller, of Combe
Abbey, for outdoor culture. Fruit medium-sized,
rich Indian-yellow, dull crimson on the sunny side.
Flesh orange-yellow, parting freely from the stone ;
juicy, and of rich flavour.
WEEDS.
J4ojVI£: j^ORREgPOJMDEJHCE.
Rubus phcenicalasius (p. 271). — I have seen
and admired this fine Bramble in the Temperate-
house at Kew, but I think it comes far finer when
grown in the open air, the colour both of the stems
and the fruit being much deeper and richer.
Here it has been in bud and fruit for more than
six weeks, and no shrub has been so attractive.
It is quite hardy, and I grow it in the open ground,
trained to a high stake. Henry M. Ellacombe, B'Uton
Vicarage.
Salix triandra. — A correspondent sends us male
catkins flowering in autumn. There is nothing very
unusual in that, and Host has even described as
a variety S. semperflorens. Andersson, moreover, in
his monograph says : — ■" Catkins . . . developed in
autumn in the axils of the persistent leaves," but in the
specimens before us the catkins are terminal, and
they are greatly altered in appearance. The upper
part presents the usual character, but the lower and
sometimes the middle portion of each catkin is
swollen, and densely covered with white hairs.
Knowing how frequently there is a tendency for the
male flowers to assume the guise of female flowers, or
vice vers^j we expected to find the alterations in
shape dependent upon some such metamorphosis.
It is, however, not so. The flowers are all male,
and they only diff'er from their ordinary condition in
their much greater development of white shaggy hair
on the stamens and on the edges of the scales. On
examining further we found a number of larvEe {of
some midge, Cecidoraya, according to Professor West-
wood), and we have no doubt that the increased
shagginess is due to the irritation set up originally by
In common with many other farmers, I have
found it exceedingly difficult to keep my Mangels
—under which crop I have at present on the farm
about 30 acres — free from weeds. I have, however,
about S acres of Mangels under experiment, on land
which has grown nothing but roots for more than
forty years, and here, in consequence of the careful
attention which it is absolutely necessary to employ in
carrying out an experiment, the Mangels are almost
entirely free from weeds. The farm Mangels have been
heavily dunged, and when the plant was fairly esta-
blished about i\ cwt. of nitrate of soda was applied
as a top-dressing. In walking over the two fields I
have been very much struck by the more rapid pro-
gress of the experimental roots as compared with those
grown in the ordinary cultivation of the farm, and the
fact has led me to consider how far the growth of the
latter has been retarded by the presence of the weeds.
Assuming that the soil contains a sufficient supply of
alkalies and phosphates, it may be said that the
weight of the crop would depend upon the amount of
nitric acid which the Mangels could take up from the
soil. The nitric acid may be derived from various
sources— (I) from the stock of organic nitrogen in the
soil ; (2) from previous applications of manure ; (3)
from the manure applied in the present season ; (4)
from the nitrate applied as a top-dressing. Now as
weeds take up large amounts of nitric acid, their roots
and finer fibres when destroyed underground may
nitrify and serve as food for the Mangels grown this
year. But the bulk of the weeds which are destroyed
by hand, or by horse-hoeing, remain on the surface,
and do not nitrify until they are ploughed under the
soil. This conversion of nitric acid into organic
nitrogen in the form of weeds, instead of crop —
although in some cases unavoidable — becomes a
source of considerable loss, and in my own case I
have very little doubt that on some parts of the field
the weeds have taken up as much nitric acid as was
contained in the nitrate of soda applied as a top-
dressing, and that the crop of Mangels will be so
much the lighter for the loss. The rapid appropria-
tion of nitric acid this year by weeds is very apparent
in our Wheat fields where the plant is thin. When
the crop is in bloom it usually takes but little nitric
acid from the soil, but if at this time the surface soil
is moist nitrification takes place rapidly, and a field
which was comparatively clean when the Wheat was
in bloom, may have become one mass of luxuriant
weeds when the crop is cut. Sir y. B, Latoes, in the
*' Agricultural Gazette."
Fig. 47.— salix triandra.
the puncture of the insect as she deposited her eggs —
perhaps even the premature development of the
catkins was due to the same cause. In any case the
larva has a nice warm nest provided for it out of the
ken of predatory birds.
Rosa multiflora.— You ask if the double orm,
figured in the Bot. Mag. and Bot, Reg., is to be had.
I have often inquired for it, but never saw it, and
should be glad to get it. I have, however, a semi-
double white, which is pretty, and of which I can
spare cuttings. Henry N. Ellacombe.
Hyacinth Disease.— In the ffui-atHtYi'C/iiwzjV/f? of
August 25 last a translation is given of Mr. Wakker's
notes on yellow sickness and black canker (black rot),
from the Botanisches Centralhlatt. This induces me to
give you a few further particulars on the subject. The
constant readers of the Gardeners^ Chronicle may re-
member that in the number for January 11, 1S79, p. 43,
I made some remarks upon Professor Sorauer's
observations on Hyacinth diseases, and on that occa-
sion I expressed myself to the effect ** that such ob-
servations and researches would be best undertaken
in Holland, where the material is at hand to carry
them out thoroughly." Since then I have attempted
several times to prosecute such researches, till I had the
good fortune to interest Professor Dr. Hugo de Vries,
of the University of Amsterdam, in the matter. At
the botanic-physiological laboratory of the Amster-
dam University the necessary researches were made,
under the superintendence of Professor de Vries,
principally by one of his pupils, M. Wakker. The
ring disease, the black and white rot (canker), the
yellow sickness, and other diseases, were the objects of
observation. I furnished the material necessary — and
was assisted therein by several other cultivators —
especially for the yellow sickness, which was
only found in some localities well developed,
and of which I could not furnish regularly
good specimens from my own collections. Espe-
cially in the summer of 18S2 this yellow sickness
attained an extraordinary development compared to
former years. It seemed necessary to do everything
possible to stop the disease. To make growers
acquainted with the few results the scientific researches
had given till now, Professor de Vries had the kind-
ness, at the invitation of the committee of the
General Association of Bulb-growers, to deliver a lee.
ture on Hyacinth yellow sickness, which was attended
by perhaps 400 bulb growers, among them being
the most eminent cultivators of Hyacinths. The
influence of this lecture on the auditory was such
that generally it was found necessary to do everything
possible to become acquainted with Hyacinth diseases
in order to learn how to stop them if possible. In a
following meeting of the Society carte blanche was
given to the committee to execute this purpose. The
committee of the Society has, in consequence, given
several general rules to growers to be careful with infected
bulbs or parts of Hyacinths, that soil and stoves might
be as little infected as possible, and these regulations
have been generally accepted with sympathy. Besides
the committee has engaged Mr. Wakker for three seasons
to give his whole time to the researches of diseases of
Hyacinths and other bulbs cultivated in the neigh-
bourhood of Haarlem, as well as of diseases of plants
related to that culture. Mr. Wakker began his task on
May I last. The notes given in the Botanisches Cen-
tralblatt speak of the observations made before that
date. The Government of the Netherlands and the
Provincial Government of North Holland have both
given a subsidy of ;^5o for the researches in this way
for 1SS3. Annually a report on the matter will be
made by Mr. Wakker. It is satisfactory, however,
to know that the season of 1SS3, up to the present,
has been much more favourable to Hyacinth growers
than was that of last year. The yellow sickness,
which in 18S2 did so much damage, seems to be not
so contagious in the present season ; bulbs even
of those sorts which suffered especially before are now
found but little infected by eruption, so that there is
hope that this disease will lose its dangerous character,
although it may remain to show its ravages occa-
sionally, as other diseases do. Nevertheless, the
promotion of the scientific observation of all these
parts seems to me to be one of the principal duties of
our Society. J. H. Krelage, Haarlem, Sept 3.
Mandevilla suaveolens (p. 275). — There is no
doubt this is quite hardy in the South. I have
grown it here for many years, but have lost it once or
twice. Out-of-doors it is a clean plant, and flowers
well — indoors it is apt to get covered with insects.
Henry N. Ellacombe.
The Gale and the Fruit Crops. — During Satur-
day night, Sunday, and Sunday night, we were
visited by a most terrific gale from the south-west
which swept over this part of the country, and any-
thing like the destruction amongst the Apple and
Pear crops I never before witnessed. On entering
the orchard on Sunday morning it was enough to
make one's heart ache to see at least half of the glorious
crop which bore down the boughs on Saturday now
by the violence of the wind lying on the ground
bruised and besmeared with wet soil. I never in all
, my experience — extending now over some years — saw
such a sight ; Codlin and Lord Sufiield Apples lay quite
thick on the ground, and the Blenheim Orange and
King of the Pippins were nearly equally bad, and
even such small kinds as Golden Knob and Golden
Harvey were half down, and my favourite Sturmer
Pippins, which would have helped out the dessert next
March and April, were terribly knocked about.
For years I have steadfastly set my face
against planting large Pears on standards such
as Duchesse d'Angouleme, Easter Beurre, Hacon's
Incomparable, Van Mons, Brockworth Park,
&c., so I thought surely here we shall fare better ;
ut by hundreds lay the small Bergamot, Dunmore,
Beurre de Capiaumont, Seckle, Knight's Monarch,
Louise Bonne of Jersey, and others. It is true we
shall have sufficient left for the daily supply, but one
could not but lament the loss of such fine fruit, and
the loss of so much nourishing food. And what has
happened here I fear has also done so over a good
part of the kingdom. My moral is, in exposed places to
plant dwarf trees, and if on cultivated ground let the
stocks be either Quince or Paradise ; but these will
only answer on cultivated ground — in grass
orchards the free stock must still be planted. And
my second would be, to plant more and more shelter
around our gardens. This most certainly will apply
to the spring blossom as well as the autumn crop, for
it is surely labour in vain to ransack the earth for new
plants and fruits and not to protect them with shelter
to sift the air and mitigate the stormy blast. John,
Duke of Athol, was wise when he said to his son,
" Aye be stickin' in a tree ;yit will be growing when
ye are sleepin'." y. Rust, Erid^e Castle.
For the past forty-eight hours the wind
has been, with only slight intermissions, blowing
a perfect gale, as it set in on Saturday night,
and has continued up to this evening (Monday,
the 3d). The destruction to the fruit crop
here and around is quite grievous to see, as the
September S, 1883.]
r//E GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
309
orchards and the ground under Apple and Tear trees
is literally strewn, and much of the fruit left on the
weather side is bruised and chafed to such a degree
as to distifiure it greatly, and I fear, should it hang on,
will spoil it for keeping. To market growersthe losswill
be very serious, as it is useless storing any, for though
some of the early kinds may be forward enough, the
bruised parts are sure to show decay in a few days,
and the whole quickly rot. Oaks and all other de-
ciduous trees have their foliage lacerated and torn,
and much of it as well as small branches carried away
by the wind, which has now been playing on them so
cruelly for the time stated above. In the West of
England I hear they have had much rain, but here
we only had a good shower on the night of the 1st.
It is fortunate that the harvest about these parts is
well night finished, as the standing corn must have
been threshed out by the violent friction of the ears as
they dash to and fro. J. Shcppard, Stijfolk, Sept. 3.
Impatiens Sultani. — Although cuttings of this
plant strike very easily, I lind that it is much the best
plan to raise it from seeds. Seedlings form much better
specimens, and branch sulticiently without the aiil of
pinching. Seeds are not produced in our houses with-
out artihcial poUenation. The stigmas are not ready
until the stamens have fallen away, and then it is easy
to apply pollen. Even after the corolla has fallen
fertilisation takes place. L.
International Horticultural, Floricultural,
and Forestry Exhibition for 1884. — I hope we
are now within measurable distance of this much-
desired and long-talked-about exhibition, judging
from the report which appeared a few days ago as to
the result of the International Fisheries Exhibition,
and the proposal made before the Executive Com-
mittee by the Chairman, Mr. Birkbeck, that the
Commissioners were inclined to try what eflect an
exhibition of horticulture, floriculture, and forestry
would have upon the public of this and other coun-
tries who have contributed so much to make the
present exhibition such a gigantic success. In my
opinion there cannot be the slightest doubt as to the
result, if immediate publicity be given first of all that
such an exhibition will take place next year, and that
an immediate intimation be given through the Press
which shall speedily reach all parts of the Continent
and the colonies ; and, secondly, that the Executive
Committee should, as early as possible, call a meet-
ing of the principal horticulturists in this country,
and also invite as many as could attend of our
foreign brethren, or in the event of foreign horticul-
turists not being able to attend, the Commissioners
representing the various parts of the world at
the Fisheries Exhibition, and who are still in
London, might be invited to attend, and through
them the idea might be transmitted to their
countrymen. I believe such an exhibition might be
made even more attractive and instructive to the great
mass of the people than the exhibition now being
held in the Gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society
at South Kensington, because it would or could be
made to embrace a much greater variety of subjects
and an ever-varying change of exhibits from the
month of April to November. The whole of the
space now occupied by the piscatorial exhibits
could be tilled by exhibitors with plants, seeds, and
all kinds of horticultural implements and appliances,
together with the food products of the colonies, &c.
On October 25, 187S, whilst engaged at the great
Paris Exhibition, I had the honour of offering to His
Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and Her Majesty's
Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1S51. some sug-
gestions respecting a proposed Colonial Museum for
London (a copy of which I herewith enclose) some of
which I respectfully submit might be usefully adopted
in connection with the proposed Horticultural Exhibi-
tion next year ; such, for instance, as an exhibition
of grain, seeds, roots, iS:c., from the colonies and the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. I am
of opinion that the exhibition should open about
April 15, in order that the Belgian horticulturists
should exhibit their marvellous collections of Azaleas,
&c , whilst splendid collections of Cyclamens, Primu-
las, Auriculas, &c., would be staged by English
growers, and French horticulturists might be induced
to exhibit many of the specialities, both in flowers and
vegetables, they cultivate so successfully in the early
part of the year. During the month of May grand
displays of Roses, Azaleas, Orchids, Pelargoniums,
Btove, greenhouse, foliage plants, Ferns, Palms, &c.,
our own countrymen know so well how to cultivate.
About this time one of the finest displays ever seen
might be made by the maiket growers, which would
be highly attractive to foreign exhibitors as well as the
general public. In June the finest display of Rhodo-
dendrons could be sent up from Knap Hill, Bagshot,
and elsewhere, to be followed in July and August with
Pelargoniums, Carnations, and many other well-
known favourites. September would furnish a glori-
ous display of Dahlias, Gladiolus, Phlox, Pentste-
mons, and many other well-known gems so plentiful
at that period. In October and November, fruits, vege-
tables, and Chrysanthemums would make an ex-
ceedingly attractive display. I have only mentioned
a few of the leading objects for exhibition ; huntlreds
of others will naturally occur to the minds of those
who may have the compiling of the schedules. I
think I have sufficiently indicated what may be done,
and have shown in as concise a form as possible how
such an exhibition might be brought to a satisfactory
issue by the amalgamation, to some extent, of horti-
culture, floriculture, and forestry with agriculture. In
order to make the exhibition still more attractive, and
to give greater variety, the aquarium part of the
present exhibition might remain with advantage. I
trust all will join heartily in endeavouring to make
this exhibition worthy of the age we live in, and dispel
the opinion too firmly taking root in the minds of
Continental horticulturists, that Englishmen cannot
organise and develope a grand international horti-
cultural exhibition, although we have greater means
and more facilities than any other nation in the world.
Now that the opportunity is opened to us, with every-
thing pointing to success, we have only to organise
our forces and pull together, when success will be
assured. John IVills.
Succulent Tropasolums. — The accompany-
ing illustration (fig. 4S) represents a condition not
Fig. 48. — TROP--EOLUM ROOTS.
very uncommon in cultivated Tropffiolums- The
lower part of the branches swell, while the upward
growth and the development of flower are checked, if
not entirely stopped. On examination we have not
been able to find any traces of injury either from
insect or from fungus ; the constituent cells appear
healthy, but with the microscopic appearances pre-
sented by tissues in rapid grov;th. As many of the
Tropceolums naturally form tubers, and their near
allies, the Pelargonium form gouty stems, so we are
disposed to look on this overgrowth of the cellular
tissue as possibly.a reversion to some ancestral con-
dition. Possibly some accidental circumstance at a
particular stage of growth, such as a sudden accession
of heat or a deficiency of water, may have induced
the swelling, but these are mere guesses,
The Law of Fixtures.— We shall be glad of a
little information as to the power of nurserymen to
move their houses, and will state the case we want
help in. A. took a plot of land on lease for nur-
sery purposes from the trustees of a charity ; in the
lease nothing is mentioned as to A. erecting green-
houses whatever, but it is mentioned that he has
power to move on the expiration of the term all
trees, &c. Before the term expires A. applies for
another lease, and whilst this is in course of pre-
paration one of the trustees raises the question as to
A.'s power to move the greenhouses he has erected,
and contends that they have become the property of
the trustees, the consent of the trustees not having
been obtained previous to their erection. A.'s
solicitor has not found a case where this question has
been decided in a court, although he advises A.
that he can move the greenhouses he erected. A.,
having always understood that nurserymen, in the
absence of a special agreement as to moving, had the
right to move by law, would be glad if you can
give, or if any of your readers can give particulars
of, or reference to, any case that has been decided by
any of the courts, or, failing this, mention any Act
of Parliament all'ecting nurserymen on this point.
The lease commenced in 1S72. An answer through
your columns will be a favour to A. [We can only
refer you to the case of Jenkins v. Gething, reported
in our number for December 13, 1862, and in the
second volume of Johnson & liemmings' Chancery
Kcpoits, p. 520. Ed.]
The Odour of Pinus Cembra. — In passing a
part of our nursery where several rows of Pinus
Cembra are growing we have from time to time
remarked a strong perfume coming from them which
could be easily distinguished several yards away. We
have now discovered that the scent, which is different
from the usual odour of the Pine, comes from one
particular tree, and we find that none of the others
have any scent. Is not this a very unusual thing ?
We should like to know if any of your readers have
ever known of a scented Pinus Cembra. Isaac Davies
*2r= Son, Orniskirk, [Yes, certainly. See "A
Rambler's " letter from Zermatt, at p. 300. Ed.]
PLANTS IN FLOWER.
Campanula isophylla. — This beautiful species
is now draping the rockery with its copiously flowered
branches ; it has a very pretty habit for the rockery.
I have also plants in a low bed, and I think these are
even more floriferous ; the delicate blue flowers are
about \\ inch across, nearly flat, deeply five-Iobed — a
most charming flower. I have also the white-flowered
variety, equally if not more attractive. These are two
Campanulas which every hardy plant cultivator should
possess, and yet they are comparatively scarce,
although there is no difficulty in increasing them by
means of the young shoots in spring, which root freely
enough in a cold frame or cool greenhouse. T,
Campanula GRANbiFLOfeA pIjmila, a very dwarf
form of the autumnal Bell-flower, growing only about
9 inches high, with freely branched stems, carrying
numerous flowers, each about 2 inches across when
expanded, of a deep purplish-blue colour, much resem
bling those of the old C. grandiSora. It is a very
distinct and pretty plant, very floriferous, and, I
believe, quite hardy ; the tuft from which these notes
are made having occupied the same position for three
years, and although but a tiny plant when put in it
has now several shoots covered with flowers, and it is
ripening seed freely this season, although it failed to
do so last. It seems rather a difficult plant to increase,
at any rate slow. Perhaps the young shoots wdl strike
in spring if carefully attended to, but up to the present
they have not been very plentiful. T.
WULFENIA CARINTHIACA. — This old plant has
greatly pleased me this season, as it has flowered very
freely ; one clump has not less than eight spikes of
its bright blue flowers, each a foot or more high,
crowded for the greater portion with them, and the
lowermost ones have left nice capsules of seed swell-
ing well, so I hope to raise a young batch. Writers
frequently recommend you to plant this in peat, but
it does well enough, and, as far as my experience
teaches, better in ordinary soil and in a damp position.
The tuft referred to above is very healthy, the beauti-
ful foliage bright green, and quite a foot across. Thus
seen, this is a very pretty plant, well worth grow-
ing. T.
Gentiana affinis. — This is, I believe, a Rocky
Mountain species. The root-leaves are in large
rosettes, 2 feet or more across, 15 — iS inches longj
lanceolate, spathulate, slightly undulated, bright green
and shining. Flower-stems axillary, 12 — iS inches
high, floriferous ; flowers sessile, in terminal and
axillary clusters, the terminal cluster surrounded by a
large involucre of leaves, about an inch long, the
calyx nearly or quite as long as the corolla, which is
bell-shaped, white, with the back striped with green.
It is a very noble-looking plant even before the flower-
stems show themselves, the large spreading leaves
have a distinct eflect ; true, the flowers are not very
showy, but it is by no means a weedy plant, T,
3IO
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September S, iS
Grand National Dahlia Show, Crystal Palace,
Sydenham : Aug. 31 and Sept. i. — This was a most
successful exhibition, the number of competitors in
some of the smaller classes being very large. There
was a great display of blooms, and the tabling which
had been supplied for the reception of the flowers
proved inadequate, and side tables had to be extem-
porised. The blooms were generally very fine,
though the hot weather of the previous fortnight had
told upon them ; still, while of good size, there was
but little trace of coarseness. Here and there flowers
were somewhat past their best, and in a few cases
they were a little under-blown ; but taking the
exhibition as a whole, it was very encouraging to the
promoters, and it would be a great pity were this
annual display to fall through for lack of adequate
support. The Northern growers did not put in
appearance quite so numerously as last year ; pro-
bably a fixture f^^ 1 week later would have suited them
better ; but tli, blooms shown by Messrs. Harkness
& Sons, who came out of Yorkshire, were so good as
to place the exhibitors in the front rank of Dahlia
cultivators.
The pompon varieties and the single Dahlias also
made a charming display ; the way in which the beau-
tiful bunches of flowers were set up by Mr. Turner,
was most praiseworthy, and we were glad to see that
the lead he last year showed in this respect was so
generally followed. But it was interesting to note
how the visitors to the Palace clustered about the
leading stands of show and fancy Dahlias, admiring
the massiveness of the flowers, their symmetry and
striking colours. The single varieties were a source
of great interest also; nor were there wanting ad-
mirers of the pompon varieties — ^Ir. Turner's stand of
twenty-four bunches, so admirably set up and so good
throughout, came in for a great share of attention.
Messrs. Rawlings Bros, had to suffer disqualification in
this class through setting up a bunch of the small green
Dahlia. In one of the classes for single Dahlias, Mr.
R. T. Veitch, of Exeter, was also disqualified, having
a bunch of the new single Dahlia Pantaloon — some
of the flowers having in the opinion of the judges a
superfluity of petals ; thereby setting up the rule that
a single Dahlia should have one circle of florets only.
There was a marked absence of seedling Dahlias, only
about three varieties being shown, but two of them
were deemed good enough to be awarded First-class
Certificates of Merit. Messrs. Xeynes & Co. were
not able to exhibit a single seedling in presentable
form at this meeting.
Show Dahlias: Nurserymen. — In the class for
forty-eight varieties, distinct, there was a close con-
test between Slough and Salisbury, the advantage
going to the former, but the judges were some time in
settling the question of supremacy, and every flower
was passed in review, being subjected to the severest
criticism. The varieties composing Mr. Turner's
stand were Lillie Ward, a charming new flower,
white with a tinge of pale rose in the centre ; James
Cocker, Harriett Tetterell, George Barnes, a deep
lilac self sport from the fancy variety of this name ;
Ovid, Mrs. Percy Wyndham, John Standish,
Georgiana, a large white flower slightly tinted with
cream, very fine form and substance ; Lady Antrobus,
J. B. Service, H. W. Ward, James Vick, Prince
Bismarck, Elhel Britton, a lovely delicate flower;
Muriel, Drake Lewis, Constancy, George Smith,
W. H. Williams, Cream of the V,alley, Alexander
Cramond, James Stephen, Charles Lidgard, Michael
Saunders, Royal Queen, Canary, Plenry Walton,
Champion Rollo, Cardinal, William Rawlings, John
Wyatt, Herbert Turner, Clara, Hugh Austin,
Cecilia, pale yellow self; Thomas Goodwin, Lizzie
Leicester, Rosetta, a fine purple self of 1S82 ; Julia
Wyatt, Rev. J. Godday, Pioneer, rich glossy black,
probably the darkest Dahlia in cultivation ; Lady
Gladys Herbert, Lord Chelmsford, J. Neville
Keynes, Joseph Green, Bessie, a pleasing lilac
self of 1882 ; Flag of Truce, and Prince of
Denmark. 2d, Messrs. Keynes & Co , Salisbury,
with fine blooms of Enchantress, George Barnes,
both in rare form ; Countess of Ravensworth,
James Cocker, Charles Leicester, John Wyatt, Ethel
Britton, Mrs. Harris, Vice-President, Royal Queen,
Triumphant, Joseph Ashby, James Vick, Canary,
Prince Bismarck, J. W. Lord, Professor Fawcett,
Henry Walton, Imperial, deep purple, shaded with
lilac— new and good ; Mrs. S. Hibberd,Mr. Spofforth,
Mrs. P. Wyndham, J. Neville Keynes, W. P. Laird,
John Bennett, Hugh Austin, Rebecca, Princess of
Prussia, Goldfinder, Seraph, blush— a new variety,
and a fine back row flower ; Bessie, Duke of Con-
naught, J. C. Reid, Prince of Denmark, Harriett
Petherell, Rev. J. 13. M. Camm, Rosy Morn, Sir
Garnet Wolseley, reddish-chocolate— new of 1SS2 ;
Rosetta, Miss Cannell, Mrs. John Laing, Harrison
Weir, Lord Chelmsford, and seedlings. 3d, Messrs.
Harkness & Sons, Bellerby Grange Nurseries, York-
shire ; 4th, Mr. Henry Clark, florist, Rodley, near
Leeds. Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons also competed
in this class.
In the class for twenty-four varieties there was a
close competition also, the three first stands being
very good. The 1st prize went to Messrs. Rawlings
Eros., florists, Romford, who had excellent blooms
of George Rawlings, Elhel Britton, Mrs. Harris, J. C.
Quennell, Goldfinder, Shirley Hibberd, Clara, James
O'Brien, a sport from the fancy variety bearing that
name ; James Vick, Mrs. S. Hibberd, Joseph Ashby,
Harrison Weir, Rev. J. Godday, Emily Edwards,
Prince Bismarck, Rev. J. B. M. Camm (sport), Hon.
Mrs. P. Wyndham, James Service, Sunbeam, Wil-
liam Dodds, John Bennett, Modesty, H. W. Ward,
and J. W. Lord. 2d, Messrs. Paul & Son, the Old
Nurseries, Cheshunt, with George Baines, Admira-
tion, John Wyatt, Royal Queen, Prince Bismarck,
Julia Wyatt, General Roberts, Alex. Cramond, J.
Saunders, Ethel Brillon, Victory, Fred. Smith, W.
H. Williams, Leah, James Service, Champion Rollo,
Mrs. Harris, Mrs. Dodds, B. Crossland, Hon. Mrs.
P. Wyndham, Countess of Pembroke, Prince of Den-
mark, Adelaide and Joseph Ashby. 3d, Messrs. J.
Saltmarsh & Sons, nurserymen, Chelmsford ; 4th,
Messrs. J. Cheat & Sons, nurserymen, Crawley,
Sussex. There was a fifth competitor also in this
class.
In the class for twelve varieties, six stands com-
peted, Mr. John Walker, nurseryman, Thame, being
placed 1st, with a very nice even lot of flowers, con-
sisting of Prince Bismarck, Emily Edwards, a charm-
ing light variety, inclined to be over-large in the
petal ; James Cocker, George Standish, Goldfinder,
Alex. Cramond, Duke of Connaught, Hon. Mrs. P.
Wyndham, Joseph Green, Prince Arthur, Mrs. S.
Hibberd, and James Vick. 2d, Messrs. Gilbert &
Son, nurserymen, Ipswich, with good blooms of
Shirley Hibberd, Ethel Britton, William Rawlings,
Mrs. P. Wyndham, Pioneer, Henry Walton, Alexan-
der Cramond, Mrs. Dodds, Flora Wyatt, Mrs. Comp-
ton, James Vick and J. W. Lord; 3d, Mr. W.
Burbury, Crewe Farm, Kenilworth, with Burgundy,
J. C. Reid, George Barnes, Alexander Cramond,
Vice - President, Joseph Green, Pioneer, Emily
Edwards, Fred. Rawlings, Hon. Mrs. P. Wyndham,
J. B. Ward, and Charles Leicester; 4th, Mr. G.
Humphries.
Show Dahlias: Amateurs. — In the class for
twenty-four varieties there was a capital competition,
the 1st prize going to -Henry Glasscock, Esq.,
Bishop's Stortford, who had excellent blooms of
Prince Bismarck, Joseph Ashby, Mrs. Spofforth,
Goldfinder, Emily Edwards, William Rawlings, Earl
of Ravensworth, James Cocker, Modesty, Black
Knight, Hon. Mrs. P. Wyndham, Cardinal, Alex.
Cramond, Countess of Ravensworth, Shirley Hib-
berd, Ethel Britton, Rev. W. Moffatt, Harrison Weir,
Revival, Mrs. Harris, Mary Nisbet, and Georgiana.
2d, Mr. Joseph Nation, \\ hitmore. Staple Green,
Taunton, with Constancy, Gen. Roberts, Henry
Walton, Rev. J. Godday, George Smith, Crown
Prince, Major Cornwallis West, Hugh Miller, Lord
Chelmsford, Mrs. Harris, William Rawlings, Amie
Neville, Canary, Shirley Hibberd, J. W. Lord, Royal
Queen, Prince Bismarck, Goldfind'er, Artist, Crite-
rion, Yellow Boy, Chas. Ridley, James Service and
Duke of Connaught ; 3d, Mr. R. Petfield, Dodington,
Buckden, Huntingdon ; 4th, Mr. W. Butterworth.
With twelve varieties, }. F. West Esq., Cornwalls,
Brentwood, was placed 1st, having very good blooms
of J. W. Lord, Ethel Britton, Hugh Austin, George
Rawlings, Hon. Mrs. P. Wyndham, Pioneer, Prince
Bismarck, Henry Walton, Shirley Hibberd, Mrs.
Dodds, Joseph Ashby, and J. C. Quennell. 2d, Mr.
B. Clarke, Shottesham, All Saints, Norfolk, with
Henry Walton, Acme of Perfection, George Smith,
A. K. Williams, Shirley Hibberd, Emily Edwards,
James Cocker, Empress, William Rawlings, Rosy
Morn, Prince Bismarck, and Pioneer. 3d, Mr. J.
Tranter, Upper Assenden, Henley-on-Thames ; 4th,
Mr. M. Godden, Tovil Green, Maidstone. As many
as eleven competitors showed in this class. In the
class for six varieties, Mr. George Boothroyd, Worn-
ville Hall, Dover, was 1st with capital blooms of
Alexander Cramond, James Cocker, John Bennett,
Constancy, Joseph Ashby, and Thomas Goodwin.
2d, Mr. T. Masters, Shepherd's College, Penenden
Heath, with Chris. Ridley, Goldfinder, James Cocker,
Henry Walton, Flora Wyatt, and J. N. Keynes. 3d,
T. C. Shrimplon, Englefield, Reading ; 4th, Mr. E.
Mawley, Addiscombe, Croydon.
Fancy Dahlias : Nubserymex.— Here Messrs.
Keynes & Sons were 1st with a very fine lot of
flowers, consisting of Rebecca, Gaiety sport. Man-
darin, Gaiety, Hugh Austin, Professor Fa»cett,Her-
cules, Mrs. N. Halls, a charming variety, tipped
white on a red ground, extra fine form and substance ;
James O'Brien, George Barnes, Oracle, Mrs. Saun-
ders, Henry Glasscock, John Lament, Gaiety sport.
Flora Wyatt, Madame Soubeyre, rosy-lilac striped
with carmine, very pretty ; John Forbes, Fanny Sturt,
Charles Wyatt, Annie Pritchard, and seedlings. 2d,
Mr. Charles Turner, with an excellent lot, consisting
of Mrs. N. Hall, Hercules, Fanny Sturt, Duchess of
Connaught, Grand Sultan, Rebecca, James O'Brien,
Annie Pritchard, Lady Antrobus, Robert Burns, Rev.
J. B. M. Camm, Professor Fawcett, Miss Browning,
Fred. Smith, John Forbes, Lucy Fawcett, Oracle,
Henry Glasscock, John Lament, Magician, three
Gaiety sports, and Jessie Mcintosh. 3d, Mr. H. Clark ;
4lh, Messrs. H. Cannell & Son. In the class for
twelve varieties Messrs. Saltmarsh & Sons were 1st,
with a very good stand, comprising Egyptian Prince,
Mrs. Saunders, Peacock, Grand Sultan, Fanny Sturt,
Flag of Truce, John Lamont, Gaiety, Mrs. N. Halls,
Enterprise, Octoroon, and Fanny Stttrt. 2d, Messrs. a
Rawlings Bros., with Egyptian Prince, Mrs. Saunders, ^|
Barnaby Rudge, Mrs. N. Halls, Hercules, George
Barnes, Galatea, Chorister, Professor Fawcett, John
F'orbes, Henry Glasscock, and Enchantress ; 3d,
Messrs. Paul & Son ; 4ih, Mr. John Walker.
Fancy Dahlias : Amateurs. — The best twelve
came from Mr. Henry Glasscock, who had charming
blooms of George Barnes, Henry Glasscock, Barnaby
Rudge, John Forbes, Fanny Sturt, Egyptian Prince,
Mrs. N. Halls, Jessie Mcintosh, Edward Peek, Miss
Browning, Viceroy, and Professor F'awcett. 2d, Mr.
Joseph Nation, with Henry Glasscock, Mrs. Saunders,
Gaiety, Richard Dean, Chang, Hugh Austin, Leo-
pardess, Cameo, Chorister, Egyptian Prince, Oracle,
and William Ady. 3d, Mr. R. Petfield ; 4th, Mr. J.
Ridout, gr., Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate. Mr. J. T.
West had the best six blooms of fancy varieties,
staging very good examples of Hugh Austin, George
Barnes, Hercules, John Forbes, Jessie Mcintosh, and
Oracle. 2d, Mr. J. Tunbridge, Broomfield, Chelms-
ford, with Enchantress, Miss Browning, Mrs. N. Halls,
Fanny Sturt, Flag of Truce, and Gaiety. 3d, Mr. G.
Boothroyd ; 4th, Mr. J. Wigan, Cromwell House,
Mortlake.
Premier Blooms. — The premier show Dahlia was
Georgiana, a white self, slightly tinted with cream,
sent out by Messrs. Keynes & Co. in 1S82 : this was
in Mr. C. Turner's stand of forty-eight varieties. The
premier fancy Dahlia was George Barnes, in Messrs.
Rawlings Bros.' stand of twelve fanc'cs : this also was
distributed by Messrs. Keynes & Co. a few years
since.
Seedling Dahlias. — As already stated, but few
of these were produced. Two First-class Certificates
of Merit were awarded — one to Mr. Hurst, a beau-
tiful delicate flower, white, with a tinge of sulphur,
and soft fleshy-pink centre, fine petal outline and
centre, from Mr. George Hurst, Enfield Highway ;
and to fancy Dahlia Duchess of Connaught, pale
yellowish-buff, tinged with orange, flaked and striped
with rosy-purple, good outline and build, high centre ;
a sport from James O'Brien ; this was shown by Mr.
C. Turner, who also had Muriel, pale yellow, the
centre slightly suffused with buff, distinct and pro-
mising.
Pompon Dahlias. — As already stated, these made
an admirable display, and the stand shown by Mr,
C. Turner was an exhibition in itself. His twenty-
four varieties consisted of Wilhelm Nitsche, Gruss
ans Wien, White Aster, Gem, intense scarlet, new
and fine ; Professor Bergeat, Comtesse von Sternberg,
Adonis, Favourite, dark maroon, edged with crim-
son ; North Light, Little Duchess, 'Titania, Mabel,
lilac, very pretty ; Lady Blanche, Prince of Lili-
putians, Mdlle. Valentine Faconet, Nymphe, Garnet,
orange-scarlet ; Fair Helen, Isabel, Hedwig Polwig,
Little Arthur, The Khedive, deep crimson, suffused
with white at the base ; and C. F. Jungker. 2d,
Messrs. Keynes & Co., with capital examples of
Lady Blanche, Sappho, E. F. Jungker, Hebe, Garnet,
Royalty, Pure Love, Roustapaud, Peasant Fire, Gem,
Fanny Weinar, Mont Blanc, Nemesis, Hedwig Pol-
wig, Little Dear, Mdlle. V. Faconet, Isabel, Dark-
ness, Rosetta, White Aster, Flora McDonald, and
Favourite. 3d, Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons. Messrs.
Paul & Son had the best twelve varieties, staging
charming bunches of Butterfly, A. Hubner, Little
Mabel, Little Nigger, White Aster, Pure Love,
Fanny Weinar, Dr. Webb, Dora, Forstmeister,
Dove, and Nemesis. 2d, Messrs. J. Gilbert & Son,
with Guiding Star, Handelsgartner, Sensation, Pure
Love, Rogier Chauviere, Lady Blanche, Dove, H,
Milesky, Little Mabel, Fair Helen, Little Nigger,
and one unnamed. 3d, Mr. John Henshaw, Harp-
enden, St. Albans; 4th, Messrs. F. T. Smith & Co.,
West Dulwich. Mr. J. T. West had the best six
varieties, staging Little Dear, Sensation, Dr. Ranch,
J. E. O. Enke, Little Ellen, and Dove ; 2d, Mr. J.
Tunbridge.
Single Dahlias. ^In this class Mr. C. Turner
was 1st, with splendid examples, shown in finely
arranged bunches of the following : — Mauve Queen,
Alba, Rob Roy, Yellow Gem, Gracilis elegans. Purity,
Duke of Teck, Beauty of Cambridge, Highland Chief,
Firefly, Paragon, and Beatrice. 2d, Messrs. Keynes
& Co., with Avalanche, Red Gauntlet," Althea,
Paragon, Picturata, Acquisition, Evening Star,
Vesuvius, Bertha, Yellow Queen, White Queen, and
Defiance. 3d, Messrs. Paul & Son. 4th, Messrs. H,
Cannell & Son. The best six varieties came from
Mr. G. Humphries, New Langley, Chippenham,
who had charming bunches of Bountiful, Perfecta,
Beauty, Golden Star, Picta, and White Queen. 2d,
JttX Septpmber 8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
311
Messrs. [. Gilbert & Son, with White ()aeen, Scarlet,
Defiance. Sir Garnet Wolseley, Georj^e Clarke,
Mauve (^ueen, and Halo. 3d, Mr. John Walker,
wi'h Nora, Wliite Queen, Duke of Teck, Albatross,
rink t^iieen, and Amaranth. 4th, Messrs, J. Cheal
& Sons.
Skedling Singlk Dahlias.— Of these a large
number was shown by Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm
Nurseries, Tottenham, who, with the addition of a
number of named varieties, made a most imposing
display, some of his newer forms being very tine.
The only First-class Certificate of Merit awarded was
to Mrs. Bowman, magenta-purple, distinct in colour,
fine shape, and very pleasing, from Messrs. J. Salt-
marsh & Son, Chelmsford.
Miscellaneous CoNTRinuTiONS. — These in-
cluded a very fine lot of cut Roses and some grand
blooms of the Cactus Dahlia from Messrs. Paul &
Sons, Cheshunt ; a collection of Asters in pots, from
Messrs. James Carter & Co. ; nineteen bunches of
small summer-flowering Chrysanthemums, from Mr.
W. I'icrcy, uf Forest Hill ; quilled Asters, Roses, and
other cut llowcrs, from Mr. John Walker, nurseryman,
Thame ; cut blooms of Carnation The Governor,
from Messrs. Cross lS: Steer, Salisbury ; Balsams in
pots, from Mes>rs. F. T. Smith & Co., Dulwich;
Begonias, from Messrs. J. Laing &Co., Forest Hill —
a very fine lot indeed ; cut zonal Pelargoniums, Salpi-
glossis, Indian Pinks, &c., from Messrs. H. Cannell
iS: Sons, Swanley ; a group of summer-flowering Chry-
santhemums, from Mr. N. Davis, Chrysanthemum
Nursery, Camberwell, an extremely interesting collec-
tion ; a stand of very fine Hollyhocks, without a
name ; a collection of cut flowers of hardy plants, &c.,
from Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley ; and a truly,
wonderful collection of cut spikes of Gladioli, from
Messrs. J. Kelway lS: Son, Langport ; and First-class
Certificates of Merit were awarded to the following
varieties : — SirStafford Northcote, Duke of Buccleuch,
Duchess of Teck, Thomas Moore, and W. E. Glad-
stone.
Crystal Palace Autumn Fruit Show : Au^, 31
and Sept. I. — This annual exhibition was held in
conjunction with the Grand National Dahlia Show above
reported, and, as compared with each year's display,
may be considered generally to have slightly the advan-
tage. The excellent prizes offered for a collection of not
less than Iwenty-four dishes of fruit broughi; out two very
fine lots, either of which would have done credit to any
ediibition In the land. The exhibitors were Mr. Cole-
man. Eastnor Castle, and Mr. Goodacre, gr. to the Earl
of Harriugton, Elvaston Castle, Mr. Coleman securing
the chief prize, with a thoroughly representative collec-
tion as regards variety, while the quality all through was
of an unquestionably high character. The collection
included Muscat of Alexandria, Black Hamburgh,
Foster's Seedling, and Alicante Grapes, Peaches, Nec-
tarines, Plums, Cherries, Melons, Figs, Pines, Apples,
Pears, Strawberries (Elton Pine). Grange.^, Currants,
Gooseberries, and Cob Nuts. Mr, Goodacre's collection
was also deserving of high praise. The class for twelve
dishes brought Mr. Coomber, gr. to J. A. Rolls,
Esq., M.P., The Hendre, Monmouth, into the front
rank as an exhibitor, he being successful in beat-
ing such experienced hands as Mr. Goodacre and
Mn Roberts, of Gunnersbury, who were respec-
tively 2d and 3d, and who both showed well.
Mr. Coomber's collection was strong in Grapes,
his Muscat of Alexandria and Alnwick Seedling both
being of prime quality ; and in Pines, Charlotte Roths-
child and Smooth Cayenne; and he had also a handsome
fruit of the Hendre Seedling Melon, a large, handsome,
round, scarlet-fleshed variety (that made its mark the
same year as Blenheim Orange); Royal George Peaches,
Humboldt Nectarines, Hemskirk Apricots, Kirke's
Plums, Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury Strawberries,
Jargonelle Pears and Figs, &c. For a collection of eight
dishes, Mr. G. J, Miles, gr. to Lord Carington, came in
ist, beating Mr. Elphinstone.gr. to E. M. Mundy, Esq.,
Shipley Hall, Derby, and Mr. Nash, gr. to the Duke of
Beaufort, Badminton. Mr. Miles had excellent samples
of Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling Grapes, a
handsome Queen Pine of 4 lb. weight, Figs, Crawford
Early Peaches, Elruge Nectarines, Morello Cherries,
and Victory of Bath Melon. The best collection of ten
sorts of Grapes, a highly meritorious lot of fruit, came
from Mr. Roberts, of Gunnersbury ; Mr. A. Barker, gr.
to Sir H. Allsop, Bart., Hindhp Hall, Worcester, being
a good 2d. The Gunnersbury collection consisted of
highly-finished examples of Madresfield Court, Alicante,
Muscat of Alexandria, Alnwick Seedling, Golden Cham-
pion, Black Hamburgh, White Tokay, Gros Maroc,
Buckland Sweetwater, and Muscat Hamburgh. Mr.
Miles again came to the front with five variedes, showing
first-rate samples of Black Hamburgh, Foster's Seedling,
Uros Maroc, Muscat of Alexandria, and Lady Downe's.
This was a very good class, in which Mr. Tucker, gr. to
J. L. Lovibond, Esq., Start's Hill, Farnborough, Kent,
came in a good 2d ; and Mr. Woodbridge, Syon House
Gardens, 3d. In the single variety, specially named,
classes the awards went as follows :— Black Hamburgh:
1st. Mr. Coleman; 2d, Mr. Roberts; 3d, Mr. Bailey.
Shardeloes, Amersham. Muscat of Alexandria: ist, Mr.
Geo. Middleton, gr. to R. Pilkington, Esq., Rainford
Hall, St. Helens ; 2d, Mr. Woodbridge ; 3d, Mr. Cole-
man. Gros Colmar ; ist, Mr. Coleman; 2d, Mr.
Elphinstone ; 3d, Mr. Geo. Tucker. Madresfield Court:
ist, Mr. Goodacre ; 2d, Mr. Roberts ; 3d, Mr. Coleman.
Alicante : ist, Mr. Nash ; 2d, Mr. Elphinstone ; 3d, Mr.
W. Howe, gr. to H. Tate, Esq., Park House, Streatham
("ommon. Any other white variety : ist, Mr. Tucker,
with Duke of Buccleuch ; 2d, Mr. Roberts, with Golden
Champion; jd, Mr. Adams, gr. , The Brokes, Reigate
Hdl, Surrey. The Pine classes were weaker than usual.
That veter.m competitor, Mr. Bailey, of Shardeloes, had
the best two Queens, and Mr. Miles the best two
fruits in the "any other variety" class Peichas and
Nectarines were excellently represented. With both
fruits, in the classes for four dishes, distinct, Mr. Coleman
was rst, showing highly-coloured fine fruits of Alexandra,
NoblessL', Violettc Hative, Beltegarde, and Royal Cieorge
Peaches, and Lord Napier, Stamvick, Albert Victor,
and Pitmastou Orange Nectarines. Mr. Roberts and
another were winners ot prizes with the former, and Mr.
Goodacre and Mr. Hanagan, gr., Hooton Hall, Chester.
In the single dish classes, Mr. Blair, gr., Shmbland Park,
was ist, with Peaches, with a grand dish of Barringtons ;
Mr. Coleman 2d, with Bellegarde ; and Mr. Nasii 3d.
With Nectarines, Mr. Coleman came in ist, with Stan-
wick Elruge ; Mr. Elphinstone 2d, with Elruge ; and
Mr. Ridout 3d, with Lord Napier. The best green-
fleshed Melon was Hero of Lockinge, shown by Mr.
Goodacre; and the best scarlet-fleshed variety, Blenheim
Orange, exhibited by Mr. Barker. The poor character
of the Plum crop was well illustrated by the examples
shown in the three classes here, none of them calling for
any comment.
The miscellaneous class included extensive collections
of .A,p]iles and other fruits irom the iturseries of Messrs.
Veitcli & Sons, Messrs. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, and
Messrs. Paul & Son, Clieshuut ; Grapes from Messrs.
lohn Laing tS: Co., Forest Hill ; hardy fruits from Mr.
G. Neighbour, gr., Bickley Park ; and Pears, Goose-
berries, and Currants from Mr. Walker, of Thame.
vcyed in waggonettes to Bell Busk Station in the midst
of a heavy downpour of rain, and were then taken up by
a Midland express train, specially stopped, for the con-
venience of the members of the Yorlcshire Naturalists'
Union. H. T. Soppiti, Saltaire.
Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, — On Saturday,
September i, the members of this Union occupied most
of the day in investigating the fauna and flora of Malham
Dale. This was the last excursion of the season, and,
despite a dull sky which threatened rain, there was a
good muster of members from the principal societies in
the county. During the summer, meetings have been
held at Doncasier, Filey. Strensall Common, and Otley,
but the Malham investigation was pronounced the most
successful meeting of the year. The operations of the
day commenced early in the morning, when a small party
of botanists, under the guidance of the writer, left Bell
Busk Station, and proceeded through an interesting
district towards Malham. Another p'lrty of geologists
and botanists, under the direction of Mr. J. W. Davis,
F.G.S., proceeded to Settle, and from thence made the
ascent of Langcliffe Scars, and visited the famous
Victoria Cave. The former party arrived in due course
at Malham, and were strengthened by another
party of conchologists and botanists, who at once
made tlieir way to Malham Cove, a gigantic escarp-
ment of mountain limestone, due to the Craven fault.
The party then worked up the old bed of the Aire to
Malham Tarn, the largest natural sheet of water in the
West Riding, where considerable time was devoted, in
the peaty bogs which surround the lake, to the collecting
of plants, &c. At the head of the tarn stands Malham
Tarn House, a noble mansion, the residence of Mr. W.
Morrison, High Sheriff of Yorkshire, who had given
permission for the party to inspect his grounds, and
afforded the most complete facilities for carrying out the
investigations of the day. In addition to this the High
Sheriff kindly invited the members to Tarn House, and
provided them with a sumptuous luncheon, after which a
boat was provided for the conchologists, and Mr. Mor-
rison conducted the botanists into the bogs, where he
pointed out Drosera longifolia (planted there last year),
Cinclidium stygium, a very rare moss, and many other
rarities.
At the close of the day's work the party were driven to
Malham, accompanied by the High Sheriff, where were
met upwards of forty members, who had been engaged
investigating Gordale Scar, Gemmet's Cave, &c. A sub-
stantial tea was provided at the Buck Hotel, after which
sectional meetings were held, foUowed by a general
meeting, at which the High Sheriff presided, and the
various reports were given of the work done during the day.
Mr. J. W. Davis, F.G.S., reported for the geological
section, and Mr, W. D. Roebuck reported for the con-
chological section, the latter gentleman stating that
formerly nothing was known of the moUusca of Malham
Tarn, but it was found richer than expectation, consider-
ing its altitude above tiie sea. Amongst the species
collected was one new to Airedale, and a variety of
Limnea stagnalis that required further investigation.
Mr. P. F. Lee and the writer reported on the flora
of the district, stating that botanically Malham was one
of the richest districts in the county. Upwards of 280
species of flowering plants had been observed and col-
lected, amongst which were the following : — Actea
spicata, Cochlearia alpina, Thlaspi occitanum, Polemo-
nium cccruleum, Geum intermedium, Ribes Smithianum,
Geranium sanguineum, Carduus nutans, C. hetero-
phyllus, Galium sylvestre, Serratula monticola, Pyrus
rupicola, Primula farinosa, Potomogeton lucens, P. pras-
longus, P. densus, P. perfohatus, Blysmus compressus,
and Asplenium viride. Of fungi about forty species had
been collected. These included Helvella lacunosa, Agari-
cus mollis, A. squarrosus, A, ephemerus, Phragmidium
acuminatum, P. obtusum, P. mucronatum, ^-Ecidium
prenanthis, accompanied with Puccinia prenanthis, Corda
(P. chondrellai, Fckl.), Puccinia poarum in close proxi-
mity to --E. tussilaginis, and Puccinia sessiiis on Phalaris
arundinacea, near a wood where .^Ecidium aUii occurred
in profusion in June last.
The usual votes of thanks brought the meeting to a
close, and, excepting those of the party who remained
as the guests of Mr. Morrison, the members were con-
Preston and Fulwood Horticultural : Au(>»
29 and 30. — Preston and the adjacent suburb of Fulwood
have uruil recently each had a separate horticultural
society, a state of matters obviously not calculated to
increase either the influence or the interests of either.
But now the two societies have amalgamated, a proceed-
ing which evidently tends to mutual advantage, for there
can be no possible gain by subdivisions that divide the
local support upon whicli success in a great measure
depends. The show was held in the new public hall
and assembly room attached, which is well adapted for
the purpose, so far as a building can be, for whatever
advantages there are on the score of being to sonic
extent independent of the weather, still this a question-
able gain which those conversant with such matters look
upon as more than counterbalanced adversely by the
absence of green turf, and the usual surroundings of an
exhibition under canvas. On this occasion the show was
about the usual average for the district, so far as plants,
fruit, and cut flowers are concerned, but the vegetable
department, for which the neighbourhood is justly cele-
brated, was unusually well represented, both in extent
and quality.
In the class for twenty miscellaneous plants, confined
to nurserymen, there was a close competition between
Mr. Payne and Mr. Troughton. The former gentleman,
who took ist, was stronger in blooming plants than his
opponent, staging nice examples of Dipladenia amabilis,
Allamanda Hendersoni, Stephanotis floribunda, and
Bougainvillea glabra, with the usual fine-leaved kinds ;
in Mr. Troughton's group were handsome medium-
sized examples of Kentia Belmoreana, K. Fos-
teriana, Dasylirion acrotrichium, Dicksonia antarc-
tica. Agave Richardsiana, A. schidigera, and others of
like character. With twelve miscellaneous plants Mr.
Rigg, gr. to J. Forshaw, Esq., was easily ist, showing
amongst others Franciscea calycinea, nicely bloomed ;
and Eucharis amazonica, with some dozen and a-half
spikes of its fragrant white flowers ; Mr. Taylor, gr. to
E. Redgett, Esq., was 2d ; Mr. J. B. Dixon 3d. Wuh six
stove and greenhouse plants, three in flower, and three
fine-foliaged, Mr. Rigg again secured ist honours,
staging large examples of the red and the white varieties
of Lapageria, Latania borbonica, and Cocos Weddel-
liana ; Mr. White, gr. to C.W. Hawkins, Esq., was 2d,
in his group being a large specimen of the best variety
of Dasylirion, with straight bayonet-shaped leaves, and
a nice plant of a fine form of the red Lapageria. For
three stove and greenhouse plants, in bloom, Mr. Rigg
was also ist; and Mr. Leayell, gr. to R. Smith, Esq., 2d.
^INE-F0L1AGE PLANTS.— With six, Mr. Newton, gr
to W. Birley, Esq., took the lead, showing a pretty half-
dozen, in which was a well-coloured plant of Crolon
Weismanni, and fine examples of Cocos Weddelliana
and Latania borbonica. Mr. Rigg was 2d, his best
specimens being of Croton majesticus and Gleichenia
flabellata. For three fine-foliage plants Mr. Leayell
was ist.
Ferns were well shown, Mr. White taking the ist prize
for six, staging in a nice group Gleichenia rupestris
glaucescens, Adiantum Farleyense, and A. macrophyl-
lum, the last-named one ot the best plants of the kind we
have seen. Mr. Newton, who came in 2d, had well-
grown examples ot Davallia Mooreana, Woodwardia
radicans, and Adiantum tenerum. For three Ferns
Mr. Taylor was ist, with a nice group, in which was a
well-grown plant of Gleichenia rupestris ; 2d, Mr.
Leayell. In the class for three LiUes Mr. f. B. Jones
was easily ist, with L. auratum, L. speciosum, and L.
speciosum rubrum, the last unusually well grown ; 2d,
Mr. White. Three Coleus. — With these Mr. Taylor
was well in front, with dense bushy examples, highly
coloured ; 2d, Mr. Leayell. Six zonal Pelargoniums.—
ist, Mr. J. B. Dixon, who staged medium-sized examples,
nicely flowered ; 2d, Mr. Newton. Three tricolor Pelar-
goniums.— ist, Mr. Taylor; 2d, Mr. J. B. Dixon.
Tuberous Begonias. — ist, Mr. Newton, whose plants
were nicely grown and well flowered ; 2d, Mr. Rigg.
Fuchsias were shown in medmm-sized plants, weU
bloomed. With six Mr. White came in ist, and Mr.
Newton 2d. Hardy Ferns were nicely represented, Mr.
Newton being ist with six. Group of plants staged for
effect, occupying a space not exceeding 40 square feet.
Amateurs. — ist, Mr. T. Moss, with a prettily arranged
collection ; 2d, Mr. C. Parker.
Dinner-table plants were forthcoming in plenty, most
of the exhibitors realising the fact that to be suitable for
the purpose the plants must not be too large, nor possess
a heavy dense habit of growth. In the class for five
Mr. Leayell was ist, Mr. Rigg 2d, and Mr. Newton 3d.
Three Dracaenas. — ist, Mr. Leayell ; 2d, Mr. Newton ;
3d, Mr. Rigg. Three Petunias. — ist, Mr. Leayell.
The Royal Horticultural Society's Silver Banksian Med d
for the best plant in the exhibition was won by Mr.
White, with Gleichenia rupestris glaucescens — a beau-
tifully grown example of this elegant Fern.
Cut Flowicrs. — There was a large display of cut
flowers, which formed an important feature of the show.
Roses, as might be expected, were past their best. With
twelve Mr. Newton had ist, Mrs. Swainson 2d, Mr.
Wilding 3d. Twenty-four Dahhas. — With these the
veteran exhibitor, Mr. R. Teebay, Fulwood, took the
lead, staging an excellent stand of large finely grown
flowers, the best of which were Artiste, The Countess,
George Smith, Emily Edwards, and the Hon. Sidney
Herbert ; 2d, Mr. Harding ; 3d, Mr. j. B. Jones.
Six single Dahlias. — ist, Mr. J. B. Jones; 2d, Mr. New-
3*2
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 1883.^^
ton. Six Hollyhocks. — 1st, Mr. Dewhurst, gr. to E.
Birley, Esq.; 2d, Mr. Atkinson. Twelve Phloxes. — ist,
Mr. Newton. Six Phlo.xes. — ist, Mr. Atkinson. Asters
were well shown by Mr. Newton, who took ist for
twelve with large, well-developed flowers ; 2d, Mr.
Swainson ; 3d, Mr. J. B. Jones. Six Asters. — ist, Mr.
Worden ; 2d, Mr. Moss. Twelve quilled Asters. — ist,
Mr. Atkinson ; 2d, Mr, Newton. Twelve Gladiolus. —
ist, Mr. J . B. Di.xon ; 2d, Mr. Newton. Six Gladiolus.
— ist, Mr. Taylor. Twelve fancy Pansies. — ist, Mr. T.
Moss ; 2d, Mr. Rigg. Twelve French Marigolds. — ist,
Mr. E. Billington. Stand of cut flowers. — ist, Mr.
Wilding ; 2d, Mr. Harding. Mural wreath. — ist, Mr.
Moss : 2d, Mr. Frisby, gr. to the Misses Ffarington.
Bouquets were well shown, being tastefully arranged,
with the colours nicely balanced, and in most cases the
materials not overcrowded. Bride's bouquet. — ist, Mr.
Moss : 2d, Mr. Newton. Hand bouquet. — ist, Mr.
Newton ; 2d, Mr. Rigg. Bouquet of wild flowers. — ist,
Mr. Turner ; 2d, Mr. Newton ; 3d, Mr. Warden ;
an extra prize was awarded to Mr. Robert Lord, of Tod-
morden, for a beautiful stand of four dozen Carnations
and Picotees, that were in every way deserving of the
honour.
Fruit was present in nice condition. With six dishes
Mr. Frisby took ist prize, showing Black Hamburgh
Grapes, a Queen Pine, a Melon, Peaches, Green Gage
Plums, and Jargonelle Pears ; Mr. McLean, gr. to
S. C. de Traftbrd, Esq., was a close 2d, having along
with others beautiful examples of Alnwick Seedling
Grapes, Royal George Peaches, and Ehuge Nectarines.
Six dishes of hardy fruit. — ist, Mr. Newton, with a nice
lot, in which was a good dish of Moorpark Apricots ;
2d, Mr. Frisby. Two bunches of black Grapes. — ist,
Mr. McLean, here again staging Alnwick Seedling, in
fine condition, perfectly full, handsome bunches of good
even berries, black as coal, and heavily covered with
bloom : 2d, Mr. Dewhurst, with black Ahcante, fine in
bunch and berry, but deficient in colour. Two bunches
of Grapes, one black and one white. — ist, Mr. McLean,
with Alnwick Seedling, and Buckland Sweetwater,
both good. Dish of Peaches. — ist, Mr. Leayell ; 2d,
Mr. McLean ; 3d, Mr. Newton. Dish of Nectarines. —
ist, Mr. McLean. Green-flesh Melon. — ist, Mr. Leayell;
2d, Mr. Taylor. Three dishes ^of dessert Apples. — 1st,
Mr. W. Finch ; 2d, Mr. J. B. Jones. Single dish ol
dessert Apples. — 1st, Mr. Dewhurst ; 2d, Mr. Rigg.
Three dishes of culinary Apples. — ist, Mr. Finch ; 2d,
Mr. J. B, Jones. Three dishes of Pears. — ist, Mr
Frisby ; 2d, Mr. Newton. Single dish of dessert Pears.
— 1st, Mr. Frisby ; 2d, Mr. Rigg, Mr. McLean took
the Royal Horticultural Society's Bronze Banksian Medal,
offered for the best dish of fruit in the show, with Alnwick
Seedling Grapes. Mr. Troughton received a First-class
certificate for a new Apple, The Guild.
Vegetables were forthcoming in immense quantities
and the finest condition, with an almost total absence of
the large overgrown stuff, the only use of which is for
pig food. With twelve dishes Mr. Newton had ist, Mr.
Frisby ad. Six dishes. — ist, Mr. Cumpstey ; 2d, Mr.
Moss. Mr. Troughton had ist for a very fine collection
of vegetables in another class ; and Mr. J . Ward received
an extra prize for some thirty heads of Veitch's Autumn
Giant Cauliflower, of unusual excellence, which, notwith*
standing their large size were perfectly close and white.
Lancashire is famous for cottage gardening, and in no
place are plants and flowers, along with the more useful
productions of the garden, better done than at Preston.
The cottagers' productions, in the shape of vegetables,
hardy fruits, cut flowers, and window plants, filled a large
space, and exhibited the best cultivation.
Chalfont St. Peter's, Bucks : Sept. 4.— This
Sinall show is one that attracts, not only by the capital
average quality of the exhibits shown by the cottagers,
for whose special benefit it is promoted, but also for the
very picturesque combination seen in garden products,
dishes of capitally cooked Potatos, fine home»made and
baked loaves of bread, supers and glasses of honey,
quaint and serviceable needlework, and many other
things, all of which so materially aid to make the cot>
tager's life happy and prosperous. Held in the charm-
ing park attached to the residence of J. N. Hibbert, Esq.,
the beautiful gardens being freely thrown open to aU
Visitors, it was but natural that contributions from the
garden should be prominent in the exhibition. Mr.
Herrin, indeed, had filled a centre table, some 40 feet by
6 feet, with a varied assortment of plants arranged with
Singularly tasteful effect, and forming a feature worthy of
all praise. With some tall Palms projecting from the
Bentre, and at either end a fine Alocasia metallica, were
also Crotons, DracEenas, Marantas, Coleus of many
kinds in rich colour, Caladiums, &c,, intermixed with
Fuchsias, Begonias, Achimenes, Gloriosa superba, and
Other flowering plants, the whole being edged wuh Isolepis
gracilis, Panicum variegatum, Tradescantia zebrina,
and other suitable plants. Mr. Herrin also exhibited
a fine example of his Madresfield Court Grapes, a capital
Hero of Lockinge Melon, and some splendid Giant Rocca
Onions, Snow's White Autumn Giant Cauliflowers,
and excellent dishes of Omega, Ne Plus Ultra, and
Dean's Early Perfection Peas— the latter a new dwarf
Marrow, having long curved pods, and which had been
sown only a lew weeks. From the large courtyard which
connects the servants' offices of the house came a collec-
tion of fine Fuchsias, Pelargoniums, &c. These have
special interest, as they are in charge of the hall porter,
who houses his plants during the winter in sheds and as
best he can, yet keeps the yard singularly gay with them
all through the summer months. Another very fine lot
of plants came from Mr. Hilton, the baiUff to the estate,
who is an enthusiastic gardener ; as also some huge
samples of Vicar of Laleham, Queen of the Valley,
American Purple, Beauty of Hebron, Magnum Bonum,
and Schoolmaster Potatos ; fine Filberts and Plums, and
capital cut Dahhas and Asters. The flower gardens were
seen in great beauty, some of the beds, and those planted
after the prevailing carpet fashion, especially were ex-
ceedingly bright and pleasing. Grapes in the vineries
are very fine, and full of promise for some really good
bunches later on. Muscat of Alexandria is first-class,
and Gros Colmar, Madresfield Court, Alicante, Lady
Downe's, Mrs. Pince, and White Tokay are excellent.
Mr. Herrin has to grow Grapes under great difficulties
as regards structures when compared with houses of more
modern erection, but in spite of these he does them in a
way that calls for the warmest commendation.
Devon and Exeter Horticultural : Aug. 23
and 24. — The second exhibition for the year was held
on the public grounds of Northernhay, Exeter, and was
the is6th held by the Society. The schedule of prizes
was on a more liberal scale than usual, and comprised
several valuable silver cups, presented by the Mayor of
Exeter (S. Jones, Esq.), the Town Council of Exeter,
H. F. WiUey, Esq., Sheriff of Exeter, B. W. Cleave,
Esq. , ex-President, and Messrs. R. T. Veitch & Son ;
and money prizes by Mrs. Thornton West, Messrs. J. T.
Tucker & Son, and Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co. This
fiberal offer of prizes induced a great number of com-
petitors to enter the hsts, there being good competitions
in most of the classes, producing a display for a summer
exhibition second to none ever held by the Society. The
fine collection of plants belonging to J. Lawless, Esq.,
(gr., Mr. G. Coles), were once more exhibited in their
own city, a rare occurrence in past years, as may also be
said of others present, the scale of prizes heretofore being
insufificient to cover cost of transit to say nothing of com-
pensation for extra labour and trouble in connection
therewith, and of which exhibitors alone know the
amount. Mr. Lock, gr. to B. W. Cleare, Esq. , New-
combes, Crediton, staged in many of the classes for
plants, and ran Mr. Cole very closely for 1st honours, in
several of them. Mr. Rowland, gr. to W. Brock, Esq.,
Parker's- Well House, Exeter, also staged very fine and
well grown collections of plants. These three competitors
divided the honours between them in the principal classes
for plants, and their e-xhibits as a whole would compare
favourably with those staged at any exhibition in the
kingdom. To Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co. much
praise is due for the very excellent display made by them,
about 75 feet run of staging being occupied with the best
collection of clean, healthy, and well-grown plants the
firm has ever put up. A pair of splendid specimens of
Cycas revoluta stood at each end, and in the back row
were fine specimens of Latania borbonica and other
Palms, with a magnificent specimen of Croton undulatus,
wefl coloured and about 7 feet in diameter. Croton
Queen Victoria, Warreni, Prince of Wales, MacArthuri,
Baron James de Rothschild, were all most beautifully
coloured. Their Dipladeniasamabilis and Brearlyanawere
very handsome, so also their Allamandas nobilis and
Hendersoni. The firm are noted for their collection of well-
grown Allamandas, which grace almost every exhibition
tent in the West. The specimens of Stephanotis floribunda
and Bougainvillea glabra were, as usual, superb. In front
of these werea miscellaneous collection of decorative plants,
in variety, comprising Pancratium fragrans. Orchids,
Gloxinias, Vallotas, Begonias, Cocos Weddehiana,
Geonoma gracihs, &c. The same firm also staged boxes
of pompon and single Dahlias in great variety, her-
baceous Phloxes, Pansies, and The Governor Carnation.
Messrs. R. T. Veitch & Son exhibited a quantity of their
Saxony fossils, arranged very artistically to represent an
ornamental rockwork, by their landscape gardener,
Mr. Meyer. Several varieties of Palms, with a large
assortment of stove, greenhouse, and hardy Ferns, were
effectively interspersed in and between the rockwork,
together wiUi several varieties of Japanese Maples,
Orchids, and Lilies. The whole made up the largest
and most tasteful arrangement the firm has exhibited,
and it was much admired. They also contributed stands
ol Carnations and Picotees in variety, fine specimens ol
double and single Dahlias, also the Glare of the Garden
Dahlia — a semi-double brilliant scarlet variety, the free
flowering habit of which renders it a suitable plant
for growing in masses. Splendid boxes of Roses were
also staged by Messrs. Veitch, also a good strain of
double Stocks and herbaceous Phloxes. Mr. W. H.
Godfrey, Ottery St. Mary, set up a superb collection of
Potatos, in forty-three distinct varieties, comprising all
the best well-known sorts, and several seedhnjs. A
white kidney variety named Pride of Devon was espe-
cially handsome. Mr. Walter, Rose grower, of Exeter,
sent ten boxes of Roses, those of Marie Baumann and
Alfred Colomb being especially good for the dme of year.
The ist prize in the class for twelve stove and green-
house plants in flower, a ,,f 10 silver cup, given by the
Town Council, was awarded to Mr. G. Cole, for his
excellent lot of specimens, which embraced Erica
Fairieana, E, Mamockiana, E. Eemula, and E. Jacksoni,
Clerodendron Balfourianum, Dipladenia amabihs and D.
Brearleyana, Allamanda Hendersoni and A. nobilis, Ste-
phanotis floribunda, Ixora Prince of Orange, a grand
piece ; and Eucharis amazonica. Mr. Lock was 2d,
with fine plants of Lxora Prince of Orange, Erica obbata
purpurea, Clerodendron Balfourianum, a splendidly-
flowered Dipladenia amabihs, Eucharis, Stephanotis, and
Bougainvillea glabra. For six specimen plants Mr.
Rowland took the ist prize, included in his collection
being good and weU-flowered plants of Stephanotis,
Clerodendron Balfourianum, and Lapageria rosea. For
nine stove and greenhouse foliage plants Mr. Cole
was again placed ist, with grand specimens of
Croton variegatus, C. undulatus, C. Johannis, and
C. Disraeli, Latania borbonica, Alocasia Thibautiana,
Kentia Belmoreana, and Areca lutescens. Mr. Lock
again came in 2d. In his collection Croton
WiUiamsoni, Warreni, Disraeli, and Weismanni, Alo-
casia intermedia, Latania borbonica, Areca lutescens,.
and Seaforthia elegans, were shown very creditably. In
the class for six Mr. Rowland was awarded the ist
prize. The class for nine stove and greenhouse Ferns
brought Mr. Cole, and an antagonist in Mr. Lock, who
succeeded in winning the 1st prize with a grand lot of
plants. Davallia Mooreana, about 8 leet m diameter,
was splendid ; so also Gleichenia Speluncae, Nephrolepis
davallioides furcans, Cyathea dealbata, Adiantum tra
peziforme, Marattia Cooperi, and Cyathea medullaris.
Mr. Cole was close on the heels of the former, with a
very fine lot, comprising Davalha buUata, Gleichenia
Mendelli, Davallia Mooreana, and D. polyantha, Micro-
lepis hirta cristata, Gleichenia rupestris glaucesens, and
Dichotoma, Adiantum Farleyense, and Neotopteris
nidus. For a miscellaneous collection of plants, arranged
on a stage 20 feet by 5 feet, for which a ^5 Cup was
given by the Sheriff, H. WiUey, Esq. , Mr. Lock most
deservedly was given the ist place, his collection
being quite a centre of attraction and admiration.
He seems to have studied this class very much to
achieve such a tastefully arranged display, such things
as Crotons angustifolius, Warreni, Johannis, and
Prince ol Wales, Eulalia japonica variegata, Cyperus
alternifolius variegatus, Cocos Weddelliana, Chaemodorea
graminiflora, all of medium size, with a groundwork
of Ferns, principally Adiantum cuneatum, Isolepis gra
cilis, Selaginella csesia, and DactyUs glomerata variegata.
Mr. Rowland took the 2d award : his plants, though
valuable, were heavy, in contrast with the ist prize lot.
This last named competitor secured the ist prize for six
Orchids, with Cattleya Eldorado, Dendrobium giganteum"
D. Dearei, D. chrysanthum, and Oncidium rtexuosum ;
also the highest award for nine tuberous-rooted Bego-
nias. Mr. Lock succeeded in taking 1st prizes for twelve
British Ferns, specimen stove and greenhouse plant in
bloom (Ixora Williamsii), specimen Lycopodium, speci-
men stove Fern, specimen greenhouse Fern, six tricolor
Pelargoniums, and six bronze ; and 2d prize for six
Lycopodiums — Mr. Coles taking the 1st. For six Liliums,
Mr. Bartlett, gr. to Lady Hotham, was ist, with some
splendid specimens of L. auratum. For nine Fuchsias,
W. Farrant, Esq. (gr. , Mr. Counter), took the 1st prize,
with a very even lot of well-grown specimens ; and for
six, J. Harding, Esq. (gr., — Staddon), was placed 1st,
In the classes for six zonal, single, and six double Pelar-
goniums, Mr. Staddon and J. Harding, Esq., took 1st
and 2d in each respectively.
Open Classes for Cut Flowers. — For twenty-
four Roses, distinct, Mr. Powell, gr. to the Earl of Devon
was awarded the 2d prize ; and for forty-eight double
Dahhas, distinct, Mr. Dobree, Wellington, Somerset,
was ist, as also ist for forty-eight Gladioli, which were
very good indeed. For twenty-four bunches of cut
blooms Mr. Cole took the 1st prize with a very choice
collection, Mr. Lock being 2d ; and Mr. Barnes, gr. to
T. Daniels, Esq., Tiverton, Commended. In the general'
competition, Mr. Nation was 1st for double Dahhas,
twenty-four varieties, twelve fancy varieties, and twelve
single sorts ; and for twelve Gladiofi, Mr. Dobree was
1st, Mr. Powell 2d. For twelve Roses, Capt. Christy
was ist ; and Mr. Leach, gr. to John Drew, Esq., 2d,
The fruit prizes were strongly contested, especially in
the classes for Grapes, about 120 bunches being staged^
Mr. Austen, Ashton Court Gardens, Bristol, took the
ist prize, a Silver Cup, value ^'s, given by Messrs. R. T.
Veitch & Son, for a collection of fruit composed of ten
dishes. He staged Alnwick Seedhng, three bunches,
very fine indeed, and beautifully finished, the three
weighing iij lb. ; Muscat, of Alexandria, Smooth
Cayenne Pine, Brown Turkey Figs, Bellegarde Peaches,
Moor Park Apricots, Jargonelle Pears, Blenheim Orange
Melon, Cherries, and Pine-apple Nectarines. Mr. James
gr. to Sir J. Walrond, Bart., Bradfield, took 2d, included
in his collection being very fine Early Crawford Peaches,
Highcross Melon, Black Tartarian Cherries, Red Astra-
chan Apples, and well-finished Black Hamburgh Grapes.
For a single Pine-apple, Mr. Bull, gr. to Sir Redvers Buller,
took the ist prize, and Mr. Powell the 2d. Mr. Austen
was ist for Black Hamburgh Grapes ; and Mr. James 2d.
For three bunches of Muscat of Alexandria Mr, Geeson.
gr. to Lord Haldon, had the best stand. Sir J. Phea,
being 2d. For any other sort of black Grape the Revr
H. Clark was awarded the ist prize, for Madresfield
Court ; 2d, Mr. Rowland, with Bidwell's Seedling. For
three kinds of Grapes, three bunches of each, Mr. Geeson
again succeeded in obtaining the ist award, G. P. Een-
more, Esq., coming in 2d. For nine Peaches B. C.
Gidley, Esq., was placed ist, and T. Rowe, Esq., 2d ;
and for nine Nectarines, ist, Mr. Powell ; 2d, Mr. Leach.
Melon, green-flesh.— ist, Mr. Coombes, gr. to Captain
Thompson ; 2d, Mr. Powell. Scarlet-flesh Melon. — 1st,
Mr. Geeson. Apricots.— ist, C. Hind, Esq. ; 2d, W. H.
Dunsford, Esq. Twelve Plums, light coloured.— ist,
W. M. Potter, Esq. Twelve ditto, dark,— ist, J. Mil.
ford, Esq. For Cherries, red and white Currants, Mr,
Powell was ist in each class. Black Currants. — ist, W.
H. Dunsford, Esq. ; and lor Gooseberries, ist, Mr. James.
The vegetable classes were strongly contested, and
were all of great excellence. For a collection of twelve
kinds Mr. Leach was placed ist, and Mr. Powell 2d.
For six kinds ditto Mr. Sedgely. gr. to Lord Coleridge,
won the ist prize, and Mr. Counter the 2d. For a col-
lection of salading, ist, Mr. Leach. For the special
prizes offered by Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co. splendid
collections were staged, Lieut. -Colonel Troybe being ist,
his coUection including fine Sulham Prize Celery, Pince's
Improved Parsnip, Woodstock Kidney Potatos, Mush-
rooms, and fine Autumn Giant Cauliflower ; ad, W. T,
Waldy, Esq.
Royal Horticultural : Chiswick, Aug. 30. — At a
meeting of the Fruit and Vegetable Committee, held at
Chiswick on the above date, Charies Silverlock, Esq., in
Sepiemuer S, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
313
the chair, the collections of Tomatos, Potatos, and
Onions growing in the garden were severally examined.
Kirst-class Certificates being awarded to the following : —
Tomato Improved Large Orange (Henderson). — Fruits
large, round, smooth ; deep orange-yellow in colour.
Very handsome.
Tomato Chiswick Red. — A selection from General Gar-
field. Fruits medium-sized, obovate, smooth ; deep red.
Very productive.
Onion White Globe (Vilmorin). — Bulbs medium size,
of a true globular shape, remarkably firm and solid, with
a very white silvery skin. Very handsome and distinct.
Potato Welford Park Kidney (Ross). — White kidney,
fine handsome shape, clear skin. Excellent cropper,
I'otalo Beauty of Eydon (Hughes).— Large, oblong,
hue clear skin. Very heavy cropper. Fine quality.
Potato Midsummer Kidney (Dean). — Large, long,
clear skin. As early as ihe Ashleaf and with larger tubers.
Fine quality.
Potato Snowdrop (Perkins). — Somewhat resembhng
Snowflake, but of firmer texture, and better colour and
quality. An extraordinary cropper.
Potato Clarke's Maincrop (Clarke). — Type of Magnum
Bonum. Early. Great cropper and fine quality.
Potato Desideratum (W. Smith). — Long kidney, skin
of a dull fawn colour. Moderate cropper. Extra fine
quality.
STA IE OF THE U EA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, LONDON^
For the Week ending Wednesday, bcPTtMBEB 5, 1883.
Hygrome-
trical De-
1
Barometer.
TtMPERATUBE OV
THE Air.
ductions
from
Glaisher's
Tables 6th
Edition.
Wind.
Q
J
i
0
•So
111
ill
S!
I
i
r-1
1
s
c
0.0
c
0.
i.
z
Au«.
In.
In.
.
^
.
„ L „
i.i
30
»9-74
-ai3
730
S5.S>7 s'6".o
+ 2.055.3 79
W. 0.06
I
=3.53
29»3
-0-35
— o.»
62.0
iS.6 6.4's7.s
1
;"-5>3 757-2
— 2-3 51. 4 82
1 1 r
- 2.252.6! 84]
W. 0.00
WSW :!
S.S.W.;"-"
2
>8.74
— 1.16
61.0
.6 5 4 5 S7.S|— iS;4 2' Ssj
S.S E. :
S. S.W.
012
3
^33
-0.S7
6O5
i4.2 ■2.3'58.5— 0.648.3 6)
S.W.
0.20
4
29.60
— 0.31
5.5
19.0 i6.5'56.6:— 2.2 48.7 7S
N. N.W
0.00
S
29.74
-ai6
6. .5
.9 0 12 S 53-2 — 5.4 48.4 8(
N.VV. 0.4Z
Mean
294'
-0.48
64.5
;3.on.9S7.S- '-SSIS^ 80
Various 1 .02
Aug. 30 —Fine but dull morning ; bright at Intervals after
noon. Slight rain at night.
— 3' — Dull morning ; slight rain in the evening. Rain
at night.
Sept, I. — Fine and bright in morning ; rain from 7 p.m. Bad
night.
— 2.— Squally; gale of wind. Wild day. Occasional
gleams of .>sun.
— 3- — Rough morning ; sun shining occasionally. Strong
wind all day.
— 4- — Fine bright morning ; fine day and night. Strong
wind.
— 5-— Verv dull, wet and cold morning ; fine bright
afternoon and clear night.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending September i the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 30.18 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29. S4 inches by 9 a.m. on
August 29, increased to 29 94 inches by the morning
of the 30th, decreased to 29.88 inches by 3 p.m.,
and increased to 29.96 inches by midnight of the
same day, and then decreased quickly, particularly on
September i to 29.18 inches at the end of the
week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29. 87 inches, being 0.34 inch lower than
last week, and o. iS inch below the average of the
week.
Temperature, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 77% on the 2Sth ; the
highest reached on August 31 was 62'. The mean of
the seven high day temperatures was 71°.
The lowest temperature in the week was 51*, on
August 26 ; the lowest temperature on both the 28th
and 29ih of August was 59°. The mean of the seven
low night temperatures was 55^3.
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
25°.2, on August 26 ; the smallest was 6°. 4, on August
31. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 15°. 7.
The mean temperatures were— on August 26, 62°.7;
on the 27th, 64° ; on the 28th, 65*. 5 ; on the 29th,
62*.9 ; on the 30th, 62' ; on the 3[st, 57''.5 ; and on
September i was 57°.2 ; of these the first five were
above their averages by 2°. 3, 3'^.7t 5"*3> 2". 8 and 2"
respectively, and the last two were below by 2". 3 and
2°. 2 respectively.
The mean temperature of the week was 6l°.7, being
i°.7 above the average of the week, and i°.4 lower
than that of last week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 124°, on August 28, The mean of the seven
readings was 101°.
The lowest readings of a thermometer with its
bulb placed in contact with grass was 45°, on
September I. The mean of the seven readings was
49".
Rain. — Fell on three days, the amount was o .4
inch.
England ; Temperature. — During the week ending
September 1 the highest temperatures were 82°
at Sunderland, 79''-9 at Cambridge, and 77° at
Truro and Blackheath ; the highest at Liverpool was
7o''.2, at Plymouth was 70°. 5, and at Bristol was
7l^ The general mean was 74". 8.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 44°
at Truro, 45° at Sunderland, and 46' at Sheffield ;
the lowest temperature at Brighton, Blackheath, and
Preston was 51". The general mean was 48". 4.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 37^" at Sunderland, 33° at Truro, and 32''.9 at
Cambridge ; the least ranges were 20°. 2 at Liverpool,
20°. 5 at Bristol, and 21" at Preston. The general
mean was 20°. 4.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 73°; at Nottingham 71*. 5,
and at Blackheath 71° ; and was lowest at Bristol
65^.4, at Liverpool 65".5, and at Preston 66°.7. The
general mean was 68". S.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures were
highest at Brighton, 56". I, Blackheath 55^3, and
Bristol 55°. I ; and were lowest at Wolverhampton,
51", Nottingham Si^.S, and at Bolton 52^I. The
general mean was 53°. 6.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Cambridge, zo^.b, at Nottingham ig".?, and at
Wolverhampton I7°.4; and were least at Bristol,
io''.3, at Liverpool io°.5, and at Preston I2°.3. The
general mean was 15". 2.
The mean tempierature was highest at Brighton,
6i".9, at Blackheath 6i°.7, and at Plymouth 61°. I ;
and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 58".2, at Bolton
58^5, and at Liverpool 58^7. The general mean
was 59*. 7.
Rain.—T\i^ largest falls were 0.71 inch at Truro,
and I inch at Sunderland ; the smallest falls were
0.08 mch at Leeds, and 0.09 inch at Preston. The
mean fall was 0.5 inch,
Scotland : Temperature, — During the week end-
ing Sept. I the highest temperature was 72°.8, at
Edinburgh ; at Paisley the highest temperature in
the week was 64°. The general mean was 69*.3.
The lowest temperature in the week was 40°,
at Perth ; at Greenock the lowest temperature in
the week was 49°. The general mean was 45"-9'
The mean temperature was highest at Leith,
58°. 2 ; and lowest at Perth, 56°. 5 The general
mean was 57°- 2.
Rain. — The largest fall was 1.97 inch, at
Greenock ; and the smallest was 0.60 inch at Leith.
The general mean fall was 1.09 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
Answers to Correspondents.
Clematis Root : Z,. The tubercles are filled with
small worms similar to those which do so much mis-
chief to Cucumbers and Melons. We have seen
similar creatures in the roots of Stephanotis. You had
better burn the plant and throw away the soil. If you
break up the pot take care that the potsherds are not
used for potting purposes.
Errata : Chrysanthemums. — In the note at p. 278,
six lines from the bottom ot the first column, for the
words "Two perfect flower-buds,'" read "Imperfect
flower-buds ;" and at the fifth line ot the second
colunm, on the same page, for the word "behind" read
" blind."
Grapes Decaying : Sinwit. It appears to ug that
your Grapes are rotting through too much damp and
too close and moist an atmosphere.
Melon Roots : L. The tubercles on the roots are
swarming with minute worms. The disease, unfortu-
nately, is well known, but its natural history — that is,
how the creatures gain access, and how they develope
— is not known. In all probability they are introduced
with the soil. The only practical remedy is to destroy
the plants by fire, and to turn out the soil, thoroughly
cleanse the pit, and start afresh.
Model Garden : J. H. T. Undoubtedly there should
be openings at all the places dotted on the plan, but
the omission to leave such openings on your part is
not, we think, a sufficient reason for disqualifying
your design, supposing, as you say, that in other
respects it was much superior to the other designs
shown. We should not ourselves have disqualified it
on the grounds slated.
Muscat Grapes : 7- Day. The berries of the Mus"
cats crack in the way described through some irregulax'
action on the part of the roots — probably through the
the soil being too wet.
Names of Fruit : W. Masson. i, Bcurrd d'Amanlis ;
2. lieurrd de Capiaumont ; 3, probably small speci-
men of Duchesse d'Angouleme ; 4, Beurr6 Diel ; 5,
Beurrd Clairgeau ; 6, P6che. — y. Day. The small
yellow Plum is believed to be Jefferson's, the other
yellow Apricot Black Plum, Kirke's ; Pear, Summer
Bergamot.
Names of Plants: Tlios. Kennedy ^ Co. Pellionia
Daveauana. — W P. i. Alchemilla alpina ; 2, Anthemis
nobilis. — /''. y. T. i, Taxodiumdistichum certainly. —
Dt'uton. I, Indigofera Gerrardiana ; 2, Echinops
sph:^erocephalus ; 3, Centaurea montana ; 4, Hiera-
cium aurantiacum ; 5, Veronica longifolia var. alba ;
6, V. longifolia. — C B. Green. Campanula fragilis. —
D. C. Agrobtis alba. — y. S. B. A white-flowered form
of Siachys palustris. — "J. C. i, Epilobium angusti-
folium ; 2, Lysimachia vulgaris ; 3. Saponaria offici-
nalis floie-pleno. — P. C. C, i, Sold^gosp.; 2. Hele-
nium aulumnale ; 3. Achillea ptarmica flore-pleno. — ■
A. //., h'xcter. Hibiscus Triouum, a weed in warm
climates, not wild in Manitoba. — T. Imrie 6^ Sons.
Ulmus montana var. urlicarfolia.— W. J. C. A species
of Casuarina, probably C. quadrivalvis, commonly
called the She Oak in Australia, but having really
nothing whatever to do with the genus Quercus. —
T. S.. Fioore. Arenaria gypsophiloides and Sedum
nicaense — a very variable plant, of which there are
many forms. The Apple is, we think, Margil.
Pelargoniums : Mrs. J. E. Please repeat the ques-
tion, giving details as to your management.
Rhododendron; B. It is quite possible the Greeks
knew the Pontic Rhododendron, but what was called
under this name by them was probably the Oleander,
also called " Neerion " and " Rhododaphne."
Siachys : F. B. Technically a case of medium proUfi-
calion. The flower is normal except as to the pistil, ;in
place of which are two small leaves surrounding two
flower-stalks, each bearing a single flower. Such cases
are not uncommon, and they are explained theoretically
on the assumption that at a particular stage of growth
something happened to divert the orderly course of
growth ; but what that something was it is impossible
to say.
*^* All communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the " Editor." and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
■written on one side only 0/ the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.
Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply 0/ the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT
to the Editor.
(^" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Office Orders
are requested to send them to the PubUsher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to WilUam Richards, at the post-
office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Keynes & Co., Salisbury — Roses and Grape Vines.
James Carter & Co., High Holborn, W.C. — Winter
and Spring Flower Roots, &c.
Clark Brothers & Co., Carlisle — Spring Flower
Roots.
W. Drummond & Sons, Stirling—Catalogue of Bulbs.
Liverpool HorticulturalCompanyMohn Cowan),
Limited, Garston, Liverpool— Dutch Bulbs, Vines,
Roses, &c.
Louis Van Houtte, Ghent, Belgium— Greenhouse and
Hardy Plants.
R. B. Laird & Sons, 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh
— Dutch Flowering Bulbs.
Jules de Cock, Ghent, Belgium— Trade List of Deco-
rative Plants.
Connon & Reid, 8, Haddon Street, Aberdeen — Hya-
cinths, Tulips, &c.
Stephen Brown, Weston-super-Mare — Bulbs and
Flower Roots.
Kerr & Fotheringham, Dumfries— Roses, Fruit and
Forest Trees. Dutch Bulbs. &c.
J. C. Schmidt. Erfurt. Germany— Wholesale Catalogue
of Dried Flowers, Bouquets, Wreaths. &c.
Barr & Son, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C —
Bulbs and Plants for all Seasons.
Arthur Jeffkins & Co., Westerham, Kent — Dutch
and other Bulbs.
Emil LiEBiG, Dresden — Azaleas, Camellias, Rhodo-
dendrons, &c.
William Cutler, Covered Market, Leeds — Dutch
Flower Roots.
Samson & Co., Kilmarnock — Dutch Flower Roots,
Trees, Shrubs, and Plants, &c.
R. Cleaver. Bore Street. Lichfield— Dutch Bulbs.
DoBiE & Mason. 66. Deansgate. Manchester — Dutch
and other Flower Roots.
COMMUMCATIONS RECEIVED.— W. P.— R. Y. — F. J. T.— H.
Canntll & Son.^.-J. B.-J. L -J. C.-A. S.-D. T. F.-A.
T.— F. G. P. (sorry we cannot assist you to the addresses
required. — H. K,
314
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 1883.
S^arhtts.
CO VENT garden; September 6.
[The subjoined reports are furnished to us regularly every
Thur>dny, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
ate averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.]
Trade still continues dull, without any changes worth
noticing. James Webber, Whokmle Apple Market.
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.
Apples, Ja-sieve
Figs, per do2en
Grapes, per lb.
Lemons, per case
Melons, each
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz.
Beans, French, lb,
— Si
s. d. s. d.
Peaches, perdoz. .. z o- 6 o
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. z o- 4 o
— St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o
P;ums, la-sieve .. 7 o-io o
carlet, per lb.
s, d. s. d.
. 16-26
. 10-20
.10-20
.23 0-30 O
. I O- ^ O
—Average Petail Prices.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..10-..
— Cos, per dozen.. 16-.,
Mint, green, banch, . 06-,.
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch .. o £- ..
— Spring, per bun, 06-..
Parsley, per bunch.. 04-..
Peas, English, quart i c- . ,
Radishes, perdoz. .. 16-,,
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 26-..
TomatQS, per lb. . . o 6- o g
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 02-04
.20-30
.04-..
.03-..
10-..
10-20
04-06
Beet, per doz.
Cabbages, per doz...
Carrots, new, p. bun.
Cauliflowers, Eog'
li^h, dozen .. 20-30
Celery, per bundle .. 16-..
Cucumbers, each . . 04-08
Endive, French, per
dozen . . ..20-..
Garlic, per lb. ,. i o- ..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
Horse Radish, bund. •^ o- 4 o
POTATOS.— Kent Kidneys, C\ to £,S per ton ; do.. Regents,
£-i \Qs. to £,$ per ton.
Plants in Pots.-
j.
Aralia Sieboldii, per
dozen .. .. T2
Arbor-vitse (golden),
per dozen . . ..6
— (common), dozen 6
Asteis. per doz. . . 4
Begonias, perdoz. .. 6
Bouvardia, doz. ..12
Caladinms, per doz. 6
Calceolarias, dozen... 4
Cockscombs, doz. .. 3
Coleus. doz, . . ..2
Dracsna term, doz. 30
— viridis, per doz. . . 12
Erica, various, doz.12
Euonymus, various,
per dozen . . ..9
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6
Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
d. s. d.
0-24 o
0-18 o
Q-12 o
0-90
0-12 o
0-18 o
0-24 o
0-90
0-60
0-60
0-60 o
dozen .. ..4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each . , . . 2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90
Hydrangea, per. doz. 9 0-24 o
Liltum longiflorum,
per dozen.. .. 18 0-42 o
Liliums, various, doz. 12 0-30 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..12 0-24 o
Mignonnttte, doz. ,. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in variety,each 2 6-2i o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . 2 c- 6 o
— decorative, doz. 6 0-12 o
0-24 o
Cut Flowers.— Averag
s. d. s. d.
Abutilon, ix bunches z o- 4 o
Asters, 12 bunches.. 20-60
— French, per bun. 10-30
Bouvardias, per bun. 10-16
Carnations, 12 blms. 10-30
— 12 bunches .. 30-60
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 1 6- d o
Dahlias, 12 bun .. 30-60
Delphinium, p. bun. 06-10
Eucharis, per doz. .. 30-60
Eschscholtzia, iz bn, 20-40
Gardenias, 12 bims.. 30-60
Gladioli, 12 spikes.. 10-30
Heliotropes, izsp. .. 06-10
Lapageria. white, 12
blooms . . ..30-60
— red, 12 blooms.. 10-30
Liliums, 12 bun. ..12 0-18 o
Lavender, 12 bun, .. 60-90
E Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Marguerites, 12 bun. 60-90
Mignonette, 12 bun. 20-60
Mirigolds, izbun. .. 20-40
Myosoiis, or Forget-
me-not, p. 12 bun. 20-60
Pansies, la bunches 09-16
Pelargoniums. 12 spr, o 6- i o
— zonal, 12 sprays 03-06
Picotees, 12 bun. . . 20-60
Primula, double, bun. 1 o- r 6
Pyrethrum, iz bun . . 30-60
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60
— (outdoor), 12 bun. 30-60
— coloured, doz. .. 30-80
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 26-40
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 20-40
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 40-60
Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 10-20
White Jasmine, bun. 06-10
SEEDS.
London : Sept. 5. — There was but a poor attendance
ou the seed market to-day, but the autumn trade has,
without doubt, now commenced. The new Continental
and American samples ol Clover seed are observed with
interest, but no operations are taking place. The new
home-grown winter Tares continue to come to hand in
excellent condition, and sell ireely at rather less money.
Rye firmly maintains the late advance. Higher prices
are asked for Rape, there being but a limited quantity
of seed offering. There is a good inquiry for sowing
Mustard. Bird seeds continue dull and neglected.
John Shaw ^ Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark
Lane, London, E. C.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Alonday the very small supply of
English Wheat encouraged holders to ask iJ-. advance,
but in the end prices were no better than on the previous
Monday, and barely so good as on Friday, whilst foreign
Wheats showed in many cases 6d. to is. reduction on the
week. Flour, with a very slack demand, was 6d. cheaper
on country marks. Barley, with a slow sale, was the turn
lower for grinding sorts. Beans and Peas were firm.
Flat Maize was ^d, to 6d. cheaper, round unaltered.
Oais were quiet, at a reduction of 3^/. on Russian and 6d.
on Swedish descriptions. — On Wednesday the demand
all round was slack. English Wheat was scarce, and
held for late value, but the continued heavy arrivals of
foreign tend to weaken quotations generally. Flour was
dull. Barley, Beans, and Peas met a retail demand, and
were without change in value. Maize was inactive.
Holders of Oats were firm, but buyers operated very
sparingly.
W^EBBS EARLY
FORCING BULBS
WEBB & SONS deliver all Vegetable
Seeds, Flower Seeds, and Bulbs Free by-
Post and KalL
I I
ROMAN HYACINTHS.
Early White
Finest named
. . 35. per dozen, post-free.
.. 2ZJ. per 100, delivered free.
6s. to 12.S. per dczen, poet-free.
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS.
Double Roman
Paper White
25. per dozen, post-frce.
2:-. per dozen, post-fite.
EXTRA EARLY SNOWDROPS.
Double (separate) , . . . \ is. 6d. per loo ; 2 is per looc.
Smgle (^e;:ar3tt) . . .. ) Delivered f.ee.
Extra Large Double or [ 3J. td. per ico ; y>s. per icoo.
Single (separate) .. ]* Delivered iree.
NOW BEAT>T.
Webbs' Bulb Cataloguf,
GRATIS and POST-FKEE.
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.
DUTCH BULBS,
DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON'S
CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS.
OUR GUINEA PACKAGE
Of Choice Hardy Flower Roots for spring Gardening, contains
the following well selected fir^t-class sound Bulbs, viz. : —
36 HYACINTHS, mixed, in distinct colours.
50 TULIPS, single, early, best mi.ved.
50 ,, double ,. ., ..
30 NARCISSUS. POLYANTHUS, best mixed.
30 ., Incomparable, yellow, double.
50 ANEMONES, double best mixed.
50 RANUNCULUS, double, best mi-xed.
4C0 CROLUS, m 4 distinct colours.
36 GLADIOLUS, best mixed,
so SNOWDROPS, single.
Half this quantity for los. 6d. j
Other Collections for Indoor and Spring Gardening at
loj. td., 21J., -z-js. 6d., 50J., 55^., and icor.
The above-named Collections may be had from our Agents,
Me!-srs. MERTENS andCO,.5, Billiter Square. LoDdon,E.C.,
during the season, against cash payment.
Our complete and revised CATALOGUE for 1883 may be
had Free on application to our Agents or ourselves direct.
Early Orders respectfully requested.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON,
NURSERYMEN", OVERVEEN, near H.AARLEM,
HOLLAND.
[883-ABC BULBGUIDE-1 883.
THIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
has been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General MISCELLANEOUS BULBS,
very extensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS (perhaps the finest collection ot these ever
offered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORUS, TRIL-
LIUMS, P.EONIES, the leading and most distinct
varieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.,
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
adapted for Autumn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. WARE,
J/ A L E FARM NURSERIES.
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
B. S. WILLIAMS'
PRIZE MEDAL
DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS.
A PRIZE MEDAL {tke highest award) was awarded by
the Royal llorticuUural and Royal Botanic Societies to a
Group of Hyacinths, Tulips, afd Lily 0/ the Valley, exhibited
by tne at their Shows held in March, 1883.
The Quality of the Bulbs is v?tusually fine this year.
N.B.— Bulbs are forwarded by tlie Parcels Post
Carriage Free.
For further particulars see BULB CATALOGUE, which
wilt be/orwarded, post free, on application.
VICTORIA and PAEADISE NURSERIES,
UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.
HUGH LOW AND CO. have pleasure in
infrirming their friends and the Public that their stock
of WINTER and SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS at
Claoton Nursery and Bush Hill Park Nursery, Enfield,
is this season unusually extensive and line in quality, and well
worth the notice of intending purchasers, who are very coidially
invited to an inspection of the plants, which comprise amongst
other things : —
Many thousands ofERICA HYEMALI!^, of various sizes.
Many lhou;ands of ERICA IfKLANTHERA.
Many thousands of ERICA GRACILIS, of various sizes.
Many thousands of ERICA VENTRICOSA. COCCINEA
MINOR, and other choice varieties of ventricosa.
Many thou'=;ands of ERICAS of the be.- 1 varieties, incluHing
candid if^si ma, colorans, cerinih^ides coronaia, caff' a,
Cavendishi, barbata majar, grandinosa. hyemalis superba,
perspicua nana, perspicua erecta, persoluia alba, assuigens,
mammosa, &c.
Many ihou-^ands of HARD-WOODED ERICAS, innumercus
fine varieties, a lat^ge number of which are extra sized.
Many thousands of CYCLAMENS.
Many thousands of GARDENIAS, intermedia and radicans.
Many thousands of GEN ISTAS.
Many thousands of EPACRIS.
Many thousands of AZALEA INDICA in variety, of various
sizes.
Many thousands of AZALEA INDICA, FieHet's white, nat-
cissiflora, and other white-fliwcrir^ varieties.
Many thcu^ands of AZALEA AMCENA, and aircena
Caldwelli.
Many thousands of CAMELLIAS, with flower-buds, various
sizes.
Many thousands of GREVILT,EA ROBUSl'A.
Many thousands of SOLANUMS, well bevried.
Many thousands of BOUVARDIAS, Red, White, and Pink.
Many thousands of LATANIA BOREONICA. various sizes.
Many thousands of PTYCHOSPERMA ALEXANDK/E.
Many thousands of CORYPH A AUSTRALIS.
Many thousands of DRACi^.NAS. in variety.
JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, large winter flowering
CATALONIAN JASMINE, can be cff.red by the 100.
Many thousands of CLIMBERS, Stove and Greenhouse.
Many thousands of TREE CARNATIONS,
Many thousands of the best GREENHOUSE PLANTS, such
as Aphelexis, Acacias in vaiiey, Acacia armata, Boronias,
Chcrozemas, Correas, Daphnes, Kriostemons, GenetylHs,
Grevilleas invariety. LeschenauUias, Tremandras, Pime-
leas, double white Chine-e Primulas, S:c.
GREENHOUSE RHODODb-NDRONS in variety, including
Princess Royaland Princess Alexandra, which can bs off'eied
by the rco.
Many thousands of PELARGONIUMS, choice Show, French
and Decorative varieties. Small plants, to pot on by the
iDo or ICOO
Alsoon hand a very larpe stock of ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE
and DECORATIVE PLAN IS, ASPIDISTRA VARIE-
GATA, BEGONIAS, FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIA
VElTCHlLand oihers, CKOTON^, PANDANUS, itc.
Suitable for Table Decoration.
OTAHEITE ORANGES, in fruit; LAURUSTINUS, on
stem';, fine white variety, full of buds.
AMPELOPSIS SEMPERVIRENS (Cissus striatus), r.ew
evergreen Virginian Creeper.
FERNs'in immense numbers. Many of the leading kinds can
be supplied by the thousand, such as Adiantum cuneatum,
Adiantum decorum, Adianium graciUimum, Lomarin gibba.
Clapton Nursery, Loudon, E.
September 8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
315
THE HOME FOR FLOWERS
Is now, perhaps, more interesting, and more
information to be gained by a visit tlian to any
similar establishment in Europe. The whole
family of DAHLIAS (2 Acres) is now a grand
sight — Semi-doubles and the Singles in parti-
cular, and which comprises the entire collec-
tions of Messrs. Cullingford, Moore, Teesdale,
and E. J. Lowe. Choicest Seedlings, some of
which will be found to possess beauty and
usefulness much beyond anything anticipated.
We invite all to see and discuss their many
points of excellence.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
SWANLEY, KENT.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
22"- Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °f MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 1781.
ADDRESS :—
L.ANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
AQUILEGIA GLANDULOSA
(GRIGOR'S, Kuarantced true).
Twelve Plants of tins beautiful Columbine, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kingdom, at ts. per
dozen. Cash with order.
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres, N.B.
Hyaclntba, Tulips, Crocus, &c
KB. LAIRD AND SONS (Successors to
• the !ate Finn of Downib & Laird) are now executing
Orders for abjve, and will be glad to send Catalogues on
application.
K. li. LAIRD AND SONS. 17. Frederick Street. Edinburgh.
*«* All Bitlbs sent Free by Parcels Pat.
Roses.-Frult Trees.— Fruit Tree Stocks.
SPECIAL OFFER at REDUCED PRICES,
Delivered free to London.
30.000 ROSES, fine standards. No. i and No. 2. choice.
18,000 „ fine half-standards. No. 1 and No. 2, ciioice.
45,000 ,, fine low-budded on Manetti, No. 1 and No. 2,
choice.
20,000 ,, fine low-budded on Biier roots, No, i and No. 9,
50,000 ,, fine, own roots, well assorted. [choice,
lo.oco ,, fine, own roots, Souvenir de Malmaison.
303,oco ,. Brier seedling stocks.
loogOcx) STOCKS, Manetti, No. i and No. 2.
25 oco ,, La Griffi-raye, No, i and No z.
100.000 PEARS. PEACHES. PLUMS, APRICOTS,
APPLES. and CHERRIES, fine i-yr. budded.
30,000 PEARS and APPLES, pyramid, fine a-yr budded.
15,000 PEAKS. APPLES. PEACHES, APRICOTS.
PLUMSandCHERRlES.formed in pyramids and
palinette. fine extra trans planted, ready to give fruits.
2,oco.oco FRUIT TREE STOCKS, of every kind and
choice, such as Quince ; Apple, i-yr, and trans-
planted ; Pears, lyr. and transplanted ; Plums,
St. Julien, Myrobolan, Mahaleb ; commoD Cherries
(Cerasus avium).
10,000,000 FOREST TREES and Ornamental SHRUBS,
young stnck^, i ard z-yr.. and transplanted.
PRUNUS PISSARDI.
This splendid ornamental tree, with its red leaves and black
wood foliage, keeping red until frost, is ofTered per 100 and looo,
at low prices. A few hundred fine Specimens on standards.
The prices of the Roses, Fruit Trees, and Fruit Tree Stocks
are very low and advantageous, and will be sent on demand.
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman. Chateney (Seine), pics Paris.
France. Established i8?7.
Persons wi-hing to be assured of being supplied in full for the
next season, must direct their demands and orders at the earliest
moment. Mr. L. Paillet is ready to make immediately a
contract for any quantities of the above stocks.
A Catalogue, printed in English, will be sent on application.
N A R C I S S U S .
THOMAS S. WARE begs to announce that
he has prepared a SPECI.\L OFFER of Leading
Varieties of ihe above, which mav be had upon application.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham. London.
NEW SEEDS FOR AUTUMN SOWING.
TEIFOLIUM INCARNATUM, WINTER RAPE,
RYE, AGRICULTURAL MUSTARD, WINTER TARES,
ITALIAN RYE-6RA88, PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, Ac.
Samples and Quotations on application.
THE LAWSON SEED & NURSERY COMPANY
(LIMITED),
106, SOUTHWARK STREET, LONDON, S.E.
W A R N E R'S
PATENT
ANNULAR SAIL
STAR WINDMILLS,
Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying
Farms, Railways, Mansions, &c.
Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are at Work in evei-;, part of the World.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Reliable made.
Prir^Q including Timber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, ^^^^
I I Ivv, complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, 3Zf^\J
Prices of larger sizes for Pumping, Grinding, Farm
and Mill Work in proportion.
Price Lists, Testimonials, and) T \Xr A 13 TVT TP "D Sn Q/^'MC! ) CEESCENT FOUNDRY,
Caulogiies on application. fU, W ilXViN i!j Xv GH O Vj IN O j CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C.
Herbaceous and Alpine Plants.
AUL AND SON,
The "Old Nurseries." Cheshunt.
Priced Descriptive Ll.ST on application.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from \%s. to 36J. per dozen.
These "World-famed B0SE3 cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
BAUMFORTH'S
SEEDLING RASPBERRY.
From the great reputation this New Rasp-
berry has attained for size, quality, and heavy
cropping, I fully anticipate again a very large
demand for Canes.
I recommend Orders to be sent in at once, to
secure a supply.
PRICES :-
Fruiting Canes, extra strong, 25J. per 100, 41. per dozen.
Planting Canes . . . . 35^. per 100, ts. per dozen.
Special Prices to the Trade on application.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON,
SEED IMERCHANT and NURSERYMAN,
HULL.
NOTICE TO THE TRADE'
MESSRS. GREGORY k EVANS
beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally,
that they have the largest stock of ERICA HYEMALIS,
in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade, Other
varieties in proportion.
Inspection Invited.
LONGLANDS NURSERY, SIDCUP,
AND AT LEE, S.E.
Send Four stamps
for
BULBS
Richly illustrated
In colours,
correctly after
New Catalogue of ' Nature.
The Foitrpciue wilt Ire returned in the first purclta^e.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
i,d. per bushel ; ico for 25s ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40S ; j-bushel bags, id. each,
LIGHT BROWN fIbROUS PEAT, %s. id. per sack ;
5 sacks, 25^ ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, is. per sack, s sacks 22J. ; sacks,
id. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, is. grf. per bushel : 15J. per half
ton, 2'is per ton : in 2 bushel bacs, i,d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MObS. St. 6rf per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUS";! * MATS, &c Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called I7A. Coal Yard), W.C.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, &c., of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Light or
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tens, 48s.
each Selected PEAT, 3spersack. SILVER SAND and LEAF
MOULD, 8(^. per bushel Sacks, 6*^. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAMBERT, Ringwood.
12-oz. Sample Paclcets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
_ BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Oichids.
Stove Plants. &c., Id 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBKOUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths. American Plant
Beds, i5f. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag. 5s ; 5 Bags.
2iS. frf. ; 10 Bags, 45s. Bass included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
los! 6./. 'per Bag. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52s. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone RUCKWORK, .£5 per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 251, per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND Co., Famborough Station, Hants.
F
3i6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 1883.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, &c.
Supeiior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 4i. bd. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from 5J. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from 6j. per sack.
1 0AM, Yellow Fibrous, is. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best. it. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, li. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, ij. dd. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, grf. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, fromfn'. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, ij. yi. per bag; per truck
load of about 2 tons, 301.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 41. M. per bag.
VIRGIN CORK. i8i. per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 34. Glengarry Road, East Dulwlch, S E.
OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at \s. s-?". each, or
15 sacks. i8j. ; 30 sacks, £,1. %s., sacks included Truck-load,
loose, 3^7. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
ished J872-J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound" Yard,
and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
STANDEN'S CELEBRATED MANURE,
in 2-. td and 51. f^d tins. A small lot would be sold, a
j jb, to clear, in sive removal Off rs requesited per dozer.
X . Bates Hendy & Co.. 37. W^lbrook, E.L.
SILVER MEOAL-iaei. Bronze MEDAi-t85i.
To Her |i ^^gP* 1| rai^fS,«^lll) To His
Most IC j^H^ ff =/] WLa^^^^JMl Roval
Gracious v^ ^^- %3 &1I ^^^^^^^^Sf^^ml Highnts;
'qte'/ ^^J^ ^^^ '"' of""
Victoria. ^^^^^^^ Wales.
For Beautiful Rowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS.
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Ab.^olutelv Pukh. Free from any
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '" Laguoa " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from u-; direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr, Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H. R H. the Prince of Wales : " The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you hke of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potiing, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants. &c.
DESTROYS ALI, SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegatit Bordering to Flower Beds. Cotnbtnes -warmth
and cleanliness -witk valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
\s. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 13^ ; 15 sacks, 18s. : 20 sacks, 23*. ;
30 sacks. 30J. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of P. M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, (jhobB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, Millwall, London, E.
A SPECIALITY.
BEESON'S ROSE, VINE, and PLANT
MANURE,
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all particulars please apply to
W. H BEESON, Carbrook Bone MiUs,
SHEFFIELD.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
manufactured by the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
{JOHN COWAN). Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by tkevi and all Nursery7nen and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm, Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
HUGHES' FIR TREE OIL.— Packed for
transit, free per parcels post, at the following low quota-
tion, for stamps with order : —
% pint, \s. Sd, ; I pint, 2^-. %d. ;
r% pint, 3r. ^d ; i quart, 4r. IQd.
CONNON AND REID, Seedsmen and Florists, Aberdeen.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . . . 4J. 6d. per sack.
„ best black fibrous 35.6*^. „
., extra selected Orcbid .. .. ^s, od. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous . . ..\
PREPARED COMPOST, best .. [is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. .. ( includedl.
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) . .. li. 3</. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. loA per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. 8rf. per lb.. 28 lb. 181.
,. PAPER, finest imported .. .. loaf, per lb.. 28 lb 2 1 J.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Wasps, Flies, &c.
DAVIS'S WASP DESTROYER,
unequalled for the destruction of these pests. Sixth
Testimonial from Major Marjory, of Charlham Park ; — August g,
1883 : " Which he has found tfleciive."
iS. 6'f. and 2s. td. per packet ; post-free, ij (jd. and is jod.
1 ondon Wholesale Agents :-OSMAN and CO. ; CORRY,
SOPER, FOWLER and CO. ; and HOOPER and CO.
B. R. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides
and all Parasites — To Prevent Ame-
rican Blight, and all kinds of Scale,
&c., and for Washing all Hard-
Wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonial.
" Colon Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880.
" We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit TreeK ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenliog you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
BEMABKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTR.ACT OF SOAP.
Certain Sudden DEATH
to all Grubs, Aphis, Lice, Red Spider, Thrips, Mealy
Bug, Caterpillars, &c.
Perfectly | to the Hands and Skin, but will cure Ring-
Hannless i worm and all Diseases produced by Parasites.
FtR TREE OIL
(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE
A combination of Hydrocarbon Oils made Soluble in Water.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that
Infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foliage. It cures Mildew and Blight on Fruiter Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &:c.
Cleans Grapes from Mildew or Mealy Bug without affecting
the bloom ; and, thickened with a little clay, makes a good
wmter dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d., ss. 6d., 4s. 6d. a bottle. Per
gallon I2J. 6<^., or less in larger quantities. Each bottle bears
the Inventor's Trade Mark (a Cat's Head) and full directions
for use. Maftufactured by
E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and
Wholesale Druggists.
New York : ROLKER and SONS.
Amortlser.— Amortiser— Amortlser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Green Fly.
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watering the Ground which
Instantly Destroys Slugs. Wireworms Caterpillars, Grubs, &c
When ordering state which preparation is required. Samt>le
Cans, 4^^ gallons, 3^, bd.^ tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
H^ dRTICULTURE. — SILVER' SAND,
61. per ton: HEATH PFAT, ^s. per tnn ; FOREST
PEAT, 8j. and loi. per yard ; FOREST LOAM, loj. and 12s.
per yard. On rail, loose, from 2 tons upwards. Sent to all
parts at lowest rates.
W. SHORT, Horticultural Co., Midhurst. Sussex.— Est. i86a.
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine, on rail at qs. 6d. per ton— not less than 4-ton trucks
I Terms cash.- Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate.
(^ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
V_^ of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
1 to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
wmter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparatioi^sinlended to supersede it. In Boxes, u., s^-.S 10s. 6d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is 5old by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and dirtctions for use, in boxes, 6d.
and IS. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited), London.
BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 teet. The largest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool.
TNDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
-*- 100 yards for los., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 > ards
for JOS., delivered free per parcels post. Very useful pure Cotton
lor Curtains, Blinds. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HORTICHLTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
RUSSIA MATS,
Archaneel. Taganrog, Petersburg, and Dunnage.
SACKS and SEED BAGS. ROPES. LINES and TWINES.
RAFFIA FIBRE.
TOBACCO PAPER. PEAT and SILVER SAND.
BBST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. 3d. per sack
(sacks included). Descriptive CATALOGUE on aptjlicaton,
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
140. Commercial Street, London, E.
UNDER SPECIAL KOYAL PATKOKAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sbeep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£2 i6s. 6(/. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of imitations, and see that the
name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, Is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON ;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
SPECIAL r2,\-oz. SHff;-
&*
'^C
<^ HORTICULTURAL SIZSS. *^
20 Boxes. 20x12 10 Boxes, 20x13 10 Boxes, 20x14
10 ,, 20x15 10 ,, 20x16 20 ,, 20X18
20 ,, 24x18
In 200 feet Bo.xes, at 2ld. per foot nett for not less than
1000 feet. BOXES FREE.
GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. Johns Street. West Smithfield, London, E.C.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in , in t6-oe.
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 30o-ft. cases.
HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING "WITHOUT PUTTY
REQUIRE'^ N n n tt S T D E PAINTING.
Adopted by His Koyal Highness the Prince of Wales.
Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.
Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered.
Plans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and
8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S.W.
September 8, 1883,]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
317
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
HI, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C.
"t- ^>
W H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
' and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES" NEW ROCKWQRK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists ot Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
s«nt post-free on application.
Cucumber Frames.
r> HALLIDAY and CO. desire to
^« daw special attention to their Cucumber Krann-s,
of which they always have a laige stock, ready gta?eLl ai>d
p ii.teiH. They are made of the be-.i materials, and can be pui
t. Ktiher ai d taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, rleive((d tu any station in Ln^land :— £, s. d.
a-lithl fr-me, 8 feet by 6 feet
3-lieht frame, 1 1 leet hy 6 f
6-li(,hl irame. ?4 fert bv 6 1-^- , , ._ _ _
T he glass i^ nailci and pmt'ed in, Lijjhts and framins f^r
brifk pits pt prr-pnttioiiaiely low (.lices.
R. HALLID.AV AND CO . lioihou e Puildersand Engineers
Royal H. r-icnliuial Woik", Middlet..n, Manche^ttr.
tion in tLn^ianu :— A* ^- •
l'.'""- ] packing ( 3 ■"
\ " \ Ca.« free 1 5 5
5 feel ) V lo o
^i IS
6 lo
No. 74. Three-quarter SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.
CASH PRICES-Carria^e Paid.
No 2 size .. 8 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide
No. 3 size .. 12 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide
No. 4 size .. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. a 5 o
These Frames are 13 inches high in front, 24 inches high at
the back, and 32 inches at the ridge. Front or back lights
turn over. Set-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted
four coats of best oil colour, and the lights are glazed with best
21-0Z. English glass.
GREENHOUSES,
Suitable for Villas, Small Country Houses.
NEW CATAI.OOtlH.
' READY. FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON A PAUL, NORWICH.
I ip MIIVII 1 (^
<€LJ^SSHeUSES&»EATW-C,>g
.HrCHCATE ROAD .LONDON.N.Wc^
•1R0NFENCINC,CATES,&<:
. Catalogues free on application .
BAYLISS.JONES & BAYLISS
WOLVERHAMPTON
London Offeces.S.Croohed Lane KingWilliam ST,£C
FRUIT BOXES
Nfade ol smuc wood p'ar.ed and hinged, with fastenings
and holes, through which a string can be passed and sealed
on ihe top lu prevent all tampeiing or pilfering. Movable
wooden divisi ns keep each Peach or Bunch of Grapes in its
place. Wrapped in wool or tissue paper the Peaches fit in
firmly and never biuise.
Boxes for 12 Peaches, Is. each, or lis. 6d per doz
24 „ 23. „ 23s.
„ for Grapes, 8 divisions, min. X4in. X4in., 4s. each,
THOS. CHRISTY & CO . 155. Fenchurch Street. EC.
MAM'FACTUKERS OF H VDRO-INCUBA1 ORS.
HOSE.
PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.
Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus prov-
ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordmary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in btrength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose f.T Garden Use.
A correspond enl writes : — " I have had a length ot your Red-
Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever."
Sample and Price of
MERRYWEATHER & SONS,
63, Long Acie. W.C. ; and Greenwich Road, London. S.E.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
The Best
and Quickest
UadOi
4-in, Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4f. 3*/. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, ^3. (td. each.
Prite List on applkatutti.
FOSTER & PEARSOI, BEESTOl^f, MTTS.
WRIGHT'S ENDLESS FLAME-IMPACT
HOT-WATER BOILERS.
We ha>c much p'ea^virc in stating that not one Tradesman
has cotne forward with even a single objection lo, or accu<^atlon
pgaini^t, our liuilvis, alter public and lormal challenges during
ai» eniiie month — February — lo do so, and which we offered lo
place in the hands of a scientific comniittte (or inimediate
decision, it they considered Uicre was the S'it^hiejit truth in any
of them. In Challenges, per Registeied- Letter Post, wc also
stated that, if not accepted, we would, of course, conclude that
they found themselves m the wioiig, and were unable lo sub-
stantiate their objections to, or accusations ^t;.iiast, our Boiler,
or to produce a boiler, oi Boilers, superior to ours, or even
equal to them. We albo claimed that for— ist. Economy u(
Fuel ; 2d. Power ; 3d, Simplicity of Form ; 4ih, Cheaptles^ :
and many other points besides, our lioilcrs were unequatlec,
and we challenged them to a J rial before the same Committee
if they considered them unwarranted. '1 his has not been
acct-picd, either ; so that our Boiler has nuw been admitted,
by ihe entire Tiades, and Tradesmen, after full and formal
challenges, to be the Best Boiler in the Market, in lact, the
Champion Hot-water Boiler in the Trade.
Our JSitiu Price Liils, 1883, ivill he handed to all on application.
WRIGHT & CO.,
BOILER WORKS, AlkDRIE, near GLASGOW, N.B.
Sepiember i, i£8j.
T" HE TlVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HOk I'lCUL'lURAl.
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for PIe^e^vlne Irtpnwork Wovd, or Stone.
[Rt^iSle ed Trade MaJc)
H
This VARNISH is an excellent subsiilitte for oilpiinttn
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It wa-
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the adveitisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstai din»; a host of unprincipleil
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixint;
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds ai
Witidhor Castle, Ke* Gardens, and at ih« seats of manv
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flaiiering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at u 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallun can iage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
^' Piercefteld Park. Jmie -zx, 1876 —Sirs —I have this dav
forwarded (rom Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as eood Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — lam, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm, Cox."
C-^f/r/tJiV. — HiLt, & Smith would na-tlcularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varuishtis njw so much
advertised.
H. & S 's Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom tor upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine ariicle.
Every catk is legibly marked with their name and Registeicd
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genume.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c. , sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Siaflfordshira ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.
LABELS.
WATERPROOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
CO.,
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON. LINCOLNSHIRE.
Under tlie Patronage of the Queen.
T SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
O , STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Mttal, with raised
BLACK-FACHD LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these tl a
palm before all olher plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Siratford-on-Avon.
ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.C.
3i8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 1883.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Line cfutrped as two.
4 Lines
lo
3 0
15 Lines
lo 8
6
6 „
0
1 6
16 „
0 9
0
6 „
0
4 0
17 ..
0 9
6
1 „
0
4 6
18 „
0 10
0
8 „
0
19 „
0 10
6
9 ..
0
■; 6
20 „
0 11
0
10 ,.
0
6 0
21 „
0 11
6
11 .,
0
6 6
22 „
0 12
0
12 „
0
7 0
23 „
0 12
6
13 „
0
7 6
24 „
0 13
0
14 „
0
S 0
25 ,.
0 13
6
AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL UNH
If set across col
Limns, the lowest charge
wil
be
30J.
Page
£0
0
0
Half Page
■i
0
0
Column
3
5
0
GARDENERS, and OTHERS, WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words i.r. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
agaiTist having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices^ as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the autJwrities and
returned to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, sj. each insertion.
Advertisements for the current -week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.
All Subscriptions payable in advance.
The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,1 3s;jod. ; 6 Months,
115. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postagei
^r 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, £t Ss. id.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C, to W. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
TEN SILVER '^^^m MEDALS
awarded ^^^^m& "^^
JOHN MATTHEWS, The RovAL Pottery,
Weston super-mare. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID, FERN. SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, is.
Rosber's Garden Edging Tiles.
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially .^i^caananasKSiaiS;
suited for KITCHEN ^'^^^^^^^^
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design,
F. KOSHER, and CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfnars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,".
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price Lists free bv Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c.,
from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths. S:c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durabiiity. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L "V E K S~ AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
orTruckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
0^^^^^^"'^r ,^
.^\
oz. Foreign, of the following
"fSx
14x12
20x12
20 X 14
S6XI2
16x14
20X15
18x12
18x14
18X16
Sds and 4tlis (jualltles always kept In Btock :—
20X16 20X18
22X16 22X18
24X16 24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All descriptions oC British and Foreisn Glass can be obtained
from
GEOKGE FAKMILOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
t% 8t Jolm'fl Street. West Smltbfleld, tondon, Ea
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street. Covent Garden, London.
Capital, jC20o,ooo. — Reserve Fund, ;£75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from /to to
jiCsooo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon hfe policies and deeds from £s V^^ cent, from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager,
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
fersons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused,
'ersonal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed j^zso.ooo per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
(Established 1867.)
Accidents!- 64, CombllL
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured agamst by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company, The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;^i,ooo,ooo.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;^25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years, ;^i, 840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.
EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.
To any one who owns a flower-pot, a garden, or a farm,
It is Indispensable,
because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-out of Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It is Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors are practical horticulturists,
who write from actual experience and can prove the correctness of
their teachings, jt is always Seasonable,
because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price ef the paper.
It is Clean and Pure,
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums.
In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles ofTered in our
Premium List— either Seeds. Plants, Books, or Implements. A
Sample Copy and complete Premium List will be mailed free to
all applicants.
5J". ^cr annum. Sample Copy Free..
Address, B. E. BLISS £c SONS, Fublisbers,
34. BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK.
BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M,D., F.R.S., late Examiner in Botany, University
of London. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3s. 6d.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO,, Bouverie
Street. E.G.
" There's not a headache in a hogshead of it."
A Guarantee : —The finest Irish Whiskey in the World is
a
SPECIAL
JURY "
^A^HISKKY.
Every Bottle Guaranteed.
Guaranteed never bottled under SEVEN years old.
Guaranteed same as supplied to Vice-Regal Suites at Im-
perial Hotel, Belfast.
Guaranteed same as supplied to Guards' Club, Pall Mall,
Guaranteed always good alike, [London.
Guaranteed mellow and pure.
Guaranteed best stimulant for Invalids.
Guaranteed best stimulant for Convalescents.
Guaranteed the most wholesome beverage for all.
Ic is agreed on ail sides that New Whiskey is quite unfit to
drink. It produces headache and prostration, by reason of the
fustl oil it contains, which is inseparable from all Whiskey under
a certain age. and which nothing but age can eliminate.
The consensus of opinion of the Medical Press and of the
Profession at large is that Fine Oil Irish Whiskey is the best
stimulant known, not only for Invalids, but for the robust. Such
a desideratum is guaranteed to be
'' SPECIAL JURY" WHISKEY.
Sample Bottle (Parcels' Post) . . . . 4s. J Carriage
Sample Quarter Dozen Case ,. .. 123. ( Paid
Sample Half Dozen Case. 24s. ( (Unittd
Sample Dozen Case (2 Gallons full) .. 48s. J Kingdom).
Post-office Orders to sole Owner of Brand,
W. J. JURY, Belfast.
Guarantee. — Money returned in every case where satisfac
tion is not given. Established 1864.
N.B. The price of Whiskey should be regulated by Its age.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER and
WIFE, no children, age about 40. To underiitand
Glass and Kitchen Garden. Wages, 231. per week ; cottage,
firing, gas, and milk found. Wile to attend Laundry.— Apply,
Stile Hall, Kew Bridge Road, Brentford, between iz and 3
o'clock.
WANTED, a GARDENER, married and
without children. Must thoroughly understand his
business and be a total abstainer. A single-handed place : 25J.
per week and cottage. If wife understands Laundry-work
will be an advantage,— Address, stating age, &c., to WM.
WOOD and son. The Nurseries, Maresfield, Uckfield, Sussex.
WANTED, a thoroughly experienced
SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER, who understands
Greenhouses, &c. Single.— F. G., Moor House, Chaddesden,
Derby.
WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER ; unmarried man pre rerred.— Write, statiE^
age. wages, where last employed, and length of character, to
G, H, B., Adams Brothers, 14, Little Tower Street, E.G.
WANTED, a GENERAL NURSERY
FOREMAN, for a large Provincial Nursery. Must
be a man of thorough business habits, ability, energy, and good
address, with a good practical knowledge of Nursery Work
and Value ot Stock, accustomed to Control and Direct a Large
Staff of Hands, and prompt execution of Orders. No one need
apply who has not held a similar appointment. — Apply, stating
age. where last and previously employed, and salary required,
to B.X., Messrs. Nutting & Sons, 60, Barbican, London, E,C.
WANTED, a LAWN FOREMAN ; age
from 30 to 35, married, with small family. Must be a
good Mower and understand Roses, Shrubs, &c. — W. OWEN,
Harrow Weald Park, Stanmore, N.
WANTED, a MAN, 25 to -^o, well up in
Propagating and Growing all good stuff for Market.
None need apply unless had good experience in the Market
Trade.— F. BAKER, Plumstead Nursery, Plumstead, Kent.
^ftfld Tr3.dp
WANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN.
— Must have had experience and unexceptional cha-
racter.— G. and W. YATES, Seed Merchants, Manchester.
Wanted, an experienced COUNTER-
MAN, who has been accustomed to, and responjible
fur the correct execution of orders. Wages 3c.y, per week to
commence with. — Address, with full particulars as to age and
experience, B. & S., iz. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (JoH« Cowan), Limited, Garston, wish to
inform any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in want of a
first-rate man as GARDENER, or GARDENER and
BAILIFF, that they are at present in a position to recommend
an exceptionally good man.
T?' G. HENDERSON AND SON
JLJ • have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested abili'ty and good character wailing re-engagements
as HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FORE.MEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring such. — Pine-
apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — HoUoway, N.
September 8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CITRONTCLE.
319
RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that tliey are consiantly rtceivinc
applications fiotn Gardeners sutking situations, and that
ihey will be able to su|iply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c.— St. John's Nurseries Worcester.
' ' To Gentlemen.
MANAGER. — Twenty years' experience; to
Grojv for Market extci^s vcly, Grapes. Peaches,
Tom^iios, Cuciinibers, and flints for Cut Flowers. Highest
refeiciices. — A. 8 , 17, Water Lane, Watford.
RCHIU (IROWEK, or HEAD WORK-
ING GARDENER.— Age 30, single; thoroughly
^kilIed in the CuUiv.Uion of Orchids, abo Stove and Greenhouse
Plaiils, havine had ihiiteen years' practical experience in the
prolcssion.— W. MAV, 22, Great Quebec Street, Montague
Square, W. ^^
ARDENER (Head), at a Country House.
— Married; understands ihoroughlv every branch. Wife
is an experienced C"ok. Good reference, — JOHN HAYWARD,
Weston, Penibridge, Herefordihire.
ARDENER (Head).— \Vm. Alexander,
for nearly five years Gardener to Sir Hugh Dalrymple,
Bart., Luchie, leaves in October, aiid is desiious of securin4
anoiher situation in the above capacity. — WM. ALEXANDER,
Luchie Gardens, North Berwick, East Loihian.
/ ^ ARDENER (Head), where one or two are
VJ kept. — Age 25 ; understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers
Greenhouse, and Flower and Kitchen Garden. Nine years'
experience. Married man's place preferred. — C. W., Ellis,
Stationer, Walhnglon.
ARDENER (Head). — Age 32, married,
one child ; nineteen years' practical experience in all
branches of the profession. Five years' character from present
employer. — H. LuVER, Kingswood, Hockley Heath, near
Birmingham.
GARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly compe-
tent to take the MinatJement of a good estdbUshment ;
thoroughly understands the Cultivation of Orchid'--, Seven
years in last situation; will receive the highest ttstimonials
as to abilities and upiigh'ness ol character. — W. SHtRWlN,
The Whaif, Lyoushall, near Kington, Herefordahire.
GARDENER^ (Head).— Married/^Scotch ;
Steady, energetic, and trust worthy. Thirty years'
ihoiough practical experience in all branches of Gardening.
Twenty-two years' excellent references from present and pre-
vious employers. — J. GALBRAITH, The Gardens, Down
Place, Guilulord, Suirey.
GARDENER ^Head) ; age 31, married —
H. .\ SlMO.'^rs, Esq., can highly recommend his Head
Gardener to any LaJy or Gentleman. A thorouchly experi-
enced man in all branches of i lie profession. Sixteen years'
experience. Fir=t-cla^s testimoni.^ls. — HEAD GARDENER,
Barton Court, Hungerford, Berks.
GARDENER (Head), where more are kept.
— Age 32, married, three children ; eighteen years'
practical experience. Management of Cows and Meadow Land
if required. Tliree and a half years' fitst-class character trom
present employer, eight years' previous. Leaving through
giving up Gardens. — P. BC)A'ERMAN, Corn Street, Witney,
Oxon.
C ^ARDENER (Head), age 27, single.— E.
^ Wright, for the last three and a half years in the
Gardens of the Right Hon. W. H. Smiih. Greenianris, Henley-
on-Thames, twelve years previous in other large places, would
be pleased to treat wiih any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring
a thorough practical min. Can be highly recommended by the
present Gardener, also Mr. H. Kni£;ht, Superintendent of Parks
and Gardens to His Majesty the King of the Belgians.
ARDENER (He.a.d Working).— Age 30,
■^ married ; has a thorough practical knowledge of the oro-
fession in all its branches. Good character.— B. C , Vine
Cottag--, Sevenoaks. Kent.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37,
married ; upwards of twenty years' e,xperience. Can
be highly recommended from last and previous places. — B.
SPINKS. Hatdwick Road. Meadvale, Red Hill, Surrey.
ARDENER (Head Working). — Can
be highly recommended as a practical, energetic, and
trustworthy man. — ALPHA, 23, Cambridge Road, Hammer-
smith. W.
ARDENER (He.\d Working) ; age 30 —
Mr. H. B'XLLANTYNE, Gardener, The Dell, Egham, will
be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentleman a first-class
man as above Good testimonials. — App!y, in fir'.t instance to
G. WARRINGTON, The Gardens. Eden Hall, Penrith.
(^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age n,
V--* miiTied ; has a thorough practical knowledge of the
profession in ah its branches. Six years' good characteV from
last situation.— W. R., Lawn Cottage, Friern Paik, North
Finchley, N.
(":j.ARDENER (Head Working), where two
V^ or three are kept. — Married, one child; thoroughly
practical in all branches of the profession. Highest references
—J. GROVliSlOCK, Quaker's Lane, Little Heath, Potter's
Bar, Middlesex.
(^ARDENER (HEAD Working).— Age 30,
v.'* ^ married ; fourteen year," thorough experience — five
years' Head. Excellent tesiimonials and references. — H
HEMSLEY. Swiss Cottage, near Culverden Castle, St. John's'
Tunbridge Wells,
(^ARDENER (Head Working), where
V-" Iwoor more are kept.— Age 40, married (one little girl
|ge 6 years) ; can give good references. No objeclion to
bupennlcnd itjck and Land E-ght year.; in present place
Leaving throneh death,— J. WATMORE, Hawley Hill House'.
Blackwattr, Hants.
G
(^ARDENER (Head Working), where two
^-^ or more are kept,— Marriel, r.o family ; thorouchly
experienced in the Early and Late Furc.ng of Grapes, Peaches
cucumbers and Melons. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and the
Oeneral Routine of Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good
Charagler.-S. W., Chapel Lane, Hillingdon, Middlesex.
GARDENER (Head or Single-handed).—
Aie 36, married, no incumbrance; understands Vines,
Stove, Flower and Kiiclien Gardens. Long experience. — G. ,
2, Paragon Mews, lil.ickheath, S. E.
C:' A l-iUE N ER ^HiiAD,"^r^oo(i Single"-
^ handed) — Age I'i, no lamily ; has a good knowledge
of the ruuline ol" Gardening. Can be highly recommended as
to ability, &c., from good places. — T. B., Tiic Gardens,
.'\shgrove, Seveno.iks, Kent.
under a Foreman, in the
years' good character. — C.
C^l, ARDENER,
V^ Hniistji. — Afje
WHI rEHEAD, Raymond Street, 'Thetfor"d, Norfolk.
GARDENER. —Advertiser will be pleased to
treat witli any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services
ot a thorou;;hly practical and highly respectable man. — 0.
BOLTON, Nurseries, Wyddial, linntingford, Herts.
CI1ARDENER.— Age 25 ; eight years' Gar-
* deiier to the lale Mr. J. K. Scott, of Walthamstow.
Understands Oiclnds. Good references.— B. SHIP, Mrs. Scott,
The Drive, Walthamstow.
GARDENER, where help is given. — Age 30;
good character. Understands In and Outdoor Work,
^L^ny years' absiamer. Siattj particulars. — R. L., 9, Ryder
'i'eirace, Twickeiih.iin.
/^ARDENER (Working).— Young, active,
V_-* and steady ; experienced in the Cultivation of Phns,
Fruit and Vegetables, under Glass and in the Kitchen Garden.
A good Flower (Jardener. Good character. — W. G., Mr.
Fovvle, Dagmtrsfield Gardens, Winchticld. Hants,
ARDENER and BAILIFF.— Married, no
family ; has a thoroiuh knowledge of the profession in
all its branches, including Early and Late Forcing ; also the
Management of Home Farm. Has a good knowledge of Land
and Stock. Woods, Timber, and General Estate Work. Has
served five years in the above capacity with a Nobleman,
through whose death he is now leaving. Can be well recom-
mended,—F. COKIJOULD, Tandridge Court, Godstone.
GARDENER (good Single-handed or
Second), — Age 31, manied, no family: fifteen years'
experience -A. HOLGATE, id. Queen's Road, West Chisle-
hurst. Kent.
GARDENER (SECOND, or good SlNGLE-
handed) —Age 23 ; seven yearb' experience Excellent
character. — F. W. BuUYsOK, 7, Willow Row, Deiby.
GARDENER (SECOND), where two or three
more are kept.— Age a;, single ; two and a half years'
g]od character at present situation. — 35, Minnie Terrace, Keen's
Road, South Croydon.
ARDENER (Under), in the Houses.—
Age 2^ ; willing to assist out-of-doors if required. Three
years' good character. — S. PERKINS, 47, Upper Park Road,
Hampstead, London, N.W,
ARDENER (Under), in the Houses.—
Age 25 ; understands Vines, Mebns, Cucumbers, Orchids,
Eaily and Laie Forcing. Eight years' experience. Good
characler. Bothy preferred. — A. POLLARD, Eardisley,
Heretotdshire.
{^■'UREMAN, in a good establishment.^
Ages/; thirteen years' goad experience. Two years in
last situation as General Foreman. Good reference. — H. W,,
Dover House, Whiiehall, London, S.W.
FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a Noble-
man's or Gentleman's establibhment. — Age 24 ; seven
and a half years' experience. Good character irom past and
present situation.— G. WING, 6, Railway Terrace, Rugby.
I^j^OREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
establishment. — Age 27 ; four years in present situation
as Foreman.— A. li., The Gardens, byrkley Lodge, Burton-on-
Trent.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age
24 ; good character from present and previous employers.
—JOHN YULL, J. Yull, The Nursery, Birston. Dereham,
Norfolk.
FOREMAN, in the Houses, on some large
place.— Age 24 ; nine and a hall years' experience in
Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen
and Flower Gardening. Goed references.— H. GILBERT,
Gardens, Thame Park, Thame, Oxon.
FOREMAN (General), where three or
more are kept; or as JOURNEYMAN in a good
establishment — Age 20 ; can be highly recommended. — Apply,
with full particulars, to H. T., 46, Longfield Street, Merton
Road, Wandsworth, S.W.
Tj^OREMAN, or good SECOND, in a Gentle-
J- man's establishment.— Age 25 ; has a thorough know-
ledge of the profession. First-class relerences. — F. BIBLE,
Woodlield, Stevenage, Herts.
To Nurserymen and Florists.
"POREMAN PROPAGATOR and
X GROWER (Indoor).— Thorough knowledge of the Cul-
tivation of Gardenias, Eucharis, biephanotis, Roses, S:c.
'1 welve years' expeiience. First-class references. — WM.
HARPER. Pendefo.d. near Wulverhampton.
PROPAGATOR, under the Foreman, Hard
-*- or iSoft-wooded. — Age 2r ; seven years' experience. —
W. J., 76, Gloucester Street. Cirencester. Gloucestershire.
PROPAGATOR, in a Nursery.— Seven years'
experience. Good references. Disengaged.— OITO
SCHMllZ, Moulsey Cottage, Creek Road, East Moulsey,
Surrey.
To Nurserymen.
PROPAGATOR (Indoors).— Age 24; ten
J- years' practical experience in Piopagatlng Koses, Conifers,
Clematis, and General :soft wooded Stuff. Good at Wreaths and
Bouquets. First-class references.— Apply, stating wage« to
A. B., 23. Belgrave Road. London, S.W.
ROPAGATOR (Indoor), or INDOOR
PROPAGATOR and PLANT GROWER.— Well up in
General Indoor Nursery Work —J. C, 23, Argyle Road,
Garsion, Liverpool.
JOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's establish.
f-" mcnt, or Nursery. — Age ki ; good characler. Bothy
P'cfcrred. — J. WILLIS, Wapley, Chipping Sodbury,
Glaiicesterhhire.
JOURNEYMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentle-
^ man's Garden. — Age 26 ; two years' gxid character from
last situation.— G., 3, Victoria Cottages, Yiewsley, near Ux-
bridge, Middlesex.
JMPROVER, in a good Garden.— Age 17 ;
-L active and intelligent. Member of the Church of England.
Can be well recommended. — CH.VRLEd MASON, Wiston,
Huntingdonshire.
IMPROVER. — A Gentleman wishes to
recommend a young man (age 20) as Assistant in a Garden,
as Improver, Excellent character.— Mr. W. SMITH, Birch
Hall. Colchester.
IMPROVER, in a Nursery or Gentleman's
Garden, — Age 20; five years' experience, two years in
present situation, thiee previous. Can be recommended by
employer and Gardener. Bothy or otherwise. Distance no
object.— W. YOUNG, The Gardens. Kochford, Essex.
rro NURSERYMEN.— A young; man, wish-
-L ing to improve himself in Plani Growing and gain a
Knowledge of Orchid Cultivation, would give his services for
nominal salary in a good Nursery. — P. O., Gardtners' Chronicle
OITice, 4t, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
TO NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser (age 24,
single) requires a situation in the H'^uses, Ten years'
experience in Propagating and Growing Plants and Cut Flowers
for the London Maikets. Highly recommended. — F. T. C,
14. Union Street. High Street, fctoke Newington, N.
rpo HEAD GARDENERS.— Advertisercan
-L recommend a trusiworihy young man (age 23) for the
Houses, in a large establishment.— G. H., Raveusbury Lodge,
Morden Road, Mitcham.
n[^0 MARKET GROWERS, &c.— ^3 Bonus
-A- will be paid by Advertiser to any one who ihall procure
him a Situation with a good Grower, where Hriiit. Plants, and
Cut Flowers, &c., are Grown extet.sively for Market. Excellent
charac er.— A. B., Bury Green, Cbohunt. Herts.
O NURSERYMEN.— A young gentleman
wishes to learn somelhing of the General W.nk and
M.inagement id a good Nursery— M., Gardeners* Chronicle
OITice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.
To Nurserymen, feo.
MANAGER of a good Business, HEAD
SHOPMAN, or both.— First-class Bouquetist and
Wreach Maker. Highest references.— Mr. T. JONES, Colon
Hill Nursery, Shrewsbury.
H O P M a1n^(Head) or MANAGER.—
Thorouchly conversant wiih every branch connected with
Seed and Bulb Business rouiir.e. sn efficient Correspondent,
and possessing a good knowledge of Plants Upwards of twenty
years" experience in good London and Provincial Houses,
Character will bear stiictest scrutiny.— W. W., 180, Lambeth
Road, London, S.W.
Seed Trade,
SHOPMAN (Head). — Twenty-two years'
good exoerience in the various departments— viz., Flower,
Flower- root. Vegetable and Agricu tural Seeds, t'^gether with
a good knowledge of Growing Root Ciops for show purposes,
Buying. &c. ; good refeienccs.— T. D. T., 152, Hound^ditch,
London, E.
To the Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN (Head), Counter-hand, or could
Manage a Branch. S;c. — Age 27 ; highest references. — Z.,
Gardeneri ChronuleO^\Q&, ^\, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
SHOPMAN (HEAD), or SECOND in a good
House. —Age 23; ei^ht years' experience. Highly
recommended. — A. B , 3, Park Terrace, Cavendish Road.
Balham, S.W.
SHOPMAN.— Age 22 ; well up in the Retail
Seed Trade, wiih a knowledge of Plants. Six years'
experience. Good references. — B. A., 5, Agnes Street, Water-
loo Road, London. S.E.
SHOPMAN (Scotch).— Wanted, a situation
as above, by a young married man. of long experience in
leading English, Scotch, and Irish Houses. Has a thorough
knowledge of Nursery and General Outdoor Work. Would
have no objection to go abroad. Ten years' certificate from
last employers.— W. T., Messrs. HURST and SON, Hounds-
ditch, London, E.
To SEEDSMEN.— A Seedsman and Market
Gardener, who is retiring from business, is desirous of
placing his Son, aged 18. good Writer and Quick at Figures, to
a good Retail Seed Establishment, as 1 M PRU VER, ana with the
oV-ject of becoming a Partner if nece'.sary.— GEORGE WIN-
FIELD, 2. Annan Villas, St. Mark Street. Gloucester.
O HEAD GARDENERS.— Wanted to
Apprentice a youih, age 16, well educated, where he
could gam a thorough insight into ail branches of Gardening. —
ROBERT BOTHAM, Fuby. Ki.hham Abbey. York.
1^^ STATE CARPENTER, &c. — Can
J— J Carpenter, Paint, Glaze, Fit Hot-water Pipes, make
Nets. S:c. ; first-rate Poulterer. — Wages and particulars to C,
Mr. Jennings, News Agent, Croydon, Surrey,
HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENTand PILLS.—
The infirmities of our nature almost necessitate disease.
Impurity of the blood, functional disturbances and loose living
constantly give rise to despondency, debility, or dtsfmpers.
In the above named remedies the community can and do have,
at a little cost, the safe and certain means of preveniing or
checking, and curing both outward ailments and inward
maladies. Ample plainly printed and very intelligible direc-
tions accompany every package of both Ointmenc and Pills,
which only require attentive study to enable every invalid to be
his or her own medical adviser. The earlier these powerful
remedies are employed after discovery of the disease, the mora
rapid will be their action in expelling from the system all
noxious matter and restoring health*
320
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 8, 1883.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, 141/1 edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certiflcate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
CARSON'S
PAINT.
PATRONISED BY
HER MAJESTY the QUEEN. H.R.H. the PRINCE of WALES. H.R.H. the DUKE of EDINBURGH
The British Government. The Indian Government. The Colonial Governments. 15,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.
IS EXTENSIVELY USED FOR ALL KINDS OF
1 Cwt. and Oil Mixture
Carriage Free.
Discount for Cash.
OUTDOOR V^ORK.
IT IS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO
WOOD, IRON, BRICK, STONE and COMPO, CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES, &c.
SOLD IN ALL COLOURS. PRICES, PATTERNS, and TESTIMONIALS FREE.
WALTER CARSON & SONS,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.G. ; BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN ;
55, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
'% ERECTED and HEATED.
MESSENGER & CO.'S GREEKHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, with the least obstruction to light and sun, the greatest Strength and Rigidity.
The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.
Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.
Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates oj Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Viiteries, Plant Houses,
Forcing Houses, &^c., recently erected by M. &= Co., for 24 stamps.
MBSSBNGEB & COMPANY, LQUGHBOBQUGH.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
of every description con-
structed, erected, fitted,
and heated.
T.H.P.Dennis&Co.,
Mansion House Buildings,
London, EC.
Works : Chelmsford
The COTTAGER'S Calendar
OF
GARDEN
OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.
Price 3d. ; post-free, Sid. ; 20s. per 100.
If ordered in quantities of not less than 200, Carriage zvill be paid to any part of tlie United Kingdom.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellbgton Street, Covent Garden, London W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbuey, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitetriars, City of London, m the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richakde. at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. — Saturday, September 8, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Heyv»ood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
estaljlisijeli i84i.
No. 507.— Vol. XX. {ser.es.} SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1883.
(Registered at the General ? Price 5d.
Post-office as a Newspaper. j"posT-PREE, 5i<f.
CONTENTS.
Agricultural education ., 338 Muntham Court Gardens 336
Annual Chrysanthemums 342 ' National Chrysanthemum
Anemone j.iponica .. 338' Society.. .. .. 343
Aslilbe rubra .. .. 340 1 Obituary .. .. .. 3^7
Begonias, luberous .. 338 1 Onciduim litum .. .. 328
Bulb crop of 1683 .. 336 Orchids at Walton Grange 334
Caesia marilandica .. 341 1 ,, Mr. Hollington's .. 334
Coelogyne salmonicolor. . 328 Orchis Stabiana alba .. 335
Chrysanthemum shows.. 339 ' Peach growing .. ,, 341
Coronilla emeroides .. 340 Peach, Lady Palmeiston 341
Dahlias at South Ken- | Peaches and Nectarines 335
sington .. .. ,, 328 Pelargoniums, scarlet .. 338
Dahlias, single .. .. 343 '' Perennial Asters.. .. 342
Dendrobium ciliatum .. 338 ' Phaius albus var. flavo-
Diseases in Plum trees.. 338 I tinctus 334
Epping Forest .. .. 332 ' Potatos 338
Floore House .. .. 330 , Potato diseases .. .. 333
Forcing plants .. .. 335 Protomyces macrosporus 338
Forest administration ,. 327 I Sabbatia campestris .. 343
Fruit crop in Voikshire 34* Shirley Hibberd.. .. 336
Gaillardia Loreujiana .. 343 Societies : —
Gentiaoa calycosa .. 341' Brighton and Sussex
Gerrardanthus lomentosus 341 Horticultural .. 344
Hampton Court .. .. 33a Bath Horticultural .. 344
Hybrid Raspberry, the.. 342 Dundeee Horticultural 345
Hypericum reptans .. 541 Frimley and Yorkshire
International horticul- Horticultural .. 346
lural exhibition .. 343 International Potato .. 347
Irises, notes on .. .. 331 Royal Horticultural .. 344
International forestry ex- Royal Horticultural of
hibilion.. .. ,. 334 Ireland .. .. 347
Ixora Duffi .. .. 340 ' Temperatures according
Jasione montana . . .. 342 to elevation .. ., 339
Lancashire garden . . 329 Tetranema mexicana . . 339
Latest of all Peas .. 342 Teucrium hyrcanicum .. 340
Mandcvilla suaveolens.. 343 Tropieolum tricolorum.. 339
Melons, new .. .. 342 ' Vanda suavis var. Schros-
Mimulus.. .. ,. 338 deriana .. ., .. 336
Mixed bedding .. .. 343 ^ Veronica longifolis sub-
Monochorta cyanea .. 340 sessilis 341
Mucana imbricata .. 340 Weeds 340
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Kcw Palace and the " Seven Sisters " 337
Peziza postuma .. . .. .. 333
Rhododendron Auckland! hybrid 329
berapias cordigera .. .. .. .. .. .. 341
STOLEN, from SANDY FLOWER SHOW,
on the 31st ult., a Basket of Pods, and a Sample in the
straw, of Mr. LAXTON'S NEW PEA "EVOLUTION ■"
also a Dozen PRIZK ONIONS. The above Reward will be
Paid for such information as will lead to the Conviction of the
Offenders, by T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.
CINERARIAS.— Fine healthy transplanted
Seedlings, from a grand strain of large and brilliantly
coloured flowers, li. 6d. per dozen, post-free. Extra strong
plants, 25. td. per dozen, post-free. Beautifully Illustrated
CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower Roots free on application.
DANIEI-S BROS., Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment,Norwich
AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, 15 to 18 inches",
SOT. per loo, CLEMATIS JACKMANNI, strong, 60s.
per 100 : choice named sorts, strong, jos. per 100. TEA
ROSES, in 4^2.inch pots, own selection, bos. per 10-.
THOMAS HORSMAN, loz, Godwm Street, Bradford, Yorks.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
ofifer GLADIOLI SPIKES, DAHLIAS, single and
double: PVRETHRUMS,singleand double; PHLOXES and
TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, Sue.
BUDDENBORG BROS., BULB
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Sic.
RB. LAIRU AND SONS (Successors to
• the late Firm of DowNiB & Laird) are now executing
Orders for above, and will be glad to send Catalogues on
application.
K. B. LAIRD AND SONS, 17, Frederick Street. Edinburgh.
*<* Ai/ Bulbs sent Free hy Parcels Post.
H. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials.
Post-free on application.
Chad Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston. Birmingham.
Prize Coti Filbert Trees.
GENTLEMEN desirous of obtaining
the true WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREEb,
for delivery in October and November, should now send their
Ciders to Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., Calcot Gardens, Reading,
of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on application.
To the Trade Only.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER of over 20,000
PALMS, includinet Kentias. Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias,
Oeonomas. Corypha, Phoenix, Cocos Weddelliana, Caryctas
&c. ; FERNS, in 48"s and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, (or flower-
ing ihis season ; PANDANUS, CROTONS, FICUS. TAS-
MINUM GRACILLIMUM (new). STEPHANOTIS. and
various CLIMBING PLANTS, Tuberous and Foliage BEGO-
NIAS, Tree CARNATIONS, and many other useful Plants.
Price LISTS free on application. An inspection is invited.
W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery, Upton. Essex.
The Nursery is about five minutes' walk from Upton Park
Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway), and ten
minutes from Forest Gate Sutioa (Great Eastern RailwayX
BEAUTIFUL NEW EUCHARIS.
EUCHARIS SANDERI.
Invaluable fur Cut Flowers and General Decoration.
51. each : taken by the dozen, 3J. 6d. each ;
by the 100, 3S. 6d. each.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL, Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
PANSIES. — Prize varieties as competed
with at the leading Scotch Exhibitions, twelve pairs,
cuttings, 31. td., 4i. 6d., and 51. 61/.. warranted best sorts only.
PENTSIEMONS, extra fine sorts, twelve pairs, cuttings,
3J. 6(/. and 3J. 61/ PANSIES, twelve seeriling, large plants,
in bloom, most beautiful, is. 6d. PANSY SEED, from my
Prize Collection, is. and 2s. bd. All post free.
M. CUTHBERTSON. Public Park Nursery. Rothesay, N.B.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of tesiimoniais. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen, Worcester.
TEA ROSES IN POTS.— Several thousands
to offer, clean, healthy, and full of buds, including a fine
lot of Mar<?chal Niel and Niphetos — the latter id several sizes.
Prices on application.
F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer, Fam-
borough Station.
SPIR^A PALMATA, for Forcing.— The
finest crowns grown are offered to the Trade at ror., 151.,
aor., and 25;. per 100.
CHARLES NOBLE, BaEshot,
LUy Of tne VaUey.
ELSTER AND KOLLMANN, Lubeck, near
Hamburg, offer the above, 3-yr. old, extra strong
Crowns, at 34J. per icoo. Three months terms, or terms for
cash price, on application.
CREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants beine in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
ORCHIDS. — We invite inteniiing Purchasers
to pay us a visit and inspect our Houses.
The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester.
Send for our NEW LIST, No. 63.
Herbaceous and Alpine Plants.
PAUL AND SON,
The "Old Nurseries." Cheshunt.
Priced Descriptive LIST on application.
Tea Roses-Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
To Nurserymen, Private Growers, Sc.
ACATTANEO, Commission Salesman,
• 44, Hart Sreet, and New Flower Market, Covent
Garden, W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of
CHOICE CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on
application.
ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flowhr Salbsmhn, Covent Garden Marketj
W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
WANTED, 1200 CUTTINGS of Henry
Jacoby, and 600 of Commander-in-Chief GERA-
NIUMS.
G. J. WARREN, The Gardens, Bakombe PUce, Hayward's
Heath.
WANTED, to be delivered on the evening
of the 24th of September, at Bournemouth. 50 dozen
Crimson and 50 dozen Cream Coloured ROSES ; must be all
sound. Also EUCHARIS, STEPHANOTIS and GAR-
DENIAS. Apply at once,
ENOCH WHITE, F.R.H.S., Nurseryman, Bournemouth.
WANTED, 25,000 CUTTINGS of CAR-
NATIONS. PICOTEES, yellow grounds, salmon-
purple, rose, pure white and pink CLOVES. State price per
joo and 1000 for cash, or EXCHANGE CUTTINGS or
PLANTS to same value of Mrs. Sinkins.
W. WEALE, Taplow, Bucks.
ANTED, PINES, PEACHES, NEC-
TARINES, TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS. GRAPES,
PEARS. PLUMS, &C. Also GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS
STEPHANOTIS, Marichal Niel ROSES, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen. Covent Garden.
To tbe Trade.
WANTED, Price per Ton of good MAIDEN
LOAM and LEAF MOULD, on Rail.
W. H. PRATT, 3Z, Manley Terrace, Kennington Park, S.E.
ANTED, PEACH HOUSE or VINERY,
Lean-to preferred ; also OTHER HOUSES, LIGHTS,
or SASHES. Must be in good preservation.
W. WEALE, Taplow, Bucks.
BULBS.— SPECIAL OFFER TO THE
TRADE — Large Purchasers should send for James
Carter, Dunnet, and Beai.e's special offer of White Roman
HYACINTHS, Paper-white NARCISSUS, Double Roman
NARCISSUS, yellow CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, SCILLA
SIlilRICA.
237 and 338, High Holborn, London, W.C.
PECIAL OFFER of FERNS and
GREVILLEAS.— Lomaria gibba, Pteris cretica, tremula,
cretica major, terrulata, argyrea ; and Adiantum cuneatum :
also Grevillea robusta. AH in 48's ; good market stuff, ready
for immediate sale. <,os. per 100, package included. Special
offer for larger quantities.
H. R. OUBRIDGE, Church Walk Nursery, Stoke
Newington, London, N.
LARGE SPECIMEN CAMELLIAS
for Sale, to make room. LIST on application to
E. COOLING, Derby.
Herbaceous ajid Alpine Plants.
T)AUL AND SON, The "Old" Nurseries,
-L Cheshunt.
Priced Descriptive LIST on application.
CALCEOLARIAS (Herbaceous). — Fine
healthy transplanted Seedlings, from a splendid strain of
beautifully spotted and tigred flowers, u. 6*^. per dozen, post-
free. Extra strong plants, -zs. i>d. per dozen, post-free.
DANIELS BROS.. Town Close Nurseries, Norwich.
ROSES ON OWN ROOT S.—
^ Best varieties. Red Gloire de Dijon, Baroness Roths-
child, &c., from open ground. Strong plants, free by Parcels
Post, four for us. bd.
MAIRIS AND CO , Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
JULES DE COCK, Ornamental Plant Nur-
t/ sery, Ghent, Belgium.— Many thousand AZALEAS,
INDICA, MOLLIS, and PONTICA ; DEUTZIA, HELLK-
BORUS, SPIK/EAS, are disposable. CATALOGUE free on
application.
wnolesale Bulb Catalogue.
W ATKINS AND SIMPSON, Wholesale
Seedsmrn and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street,
Strand, W.C. Their Wholesale BULB CATALOGUE is now
ready and may be had on application. Contains prices of Lily
of the Valley crowns or clumps, American and African Tube-
roses, Double and Single Snowdrops, Winter Aconites, Spiraea,
many sorts of Narciss, Tulips, Lilies, Gladioli, and all the
leading varieties of Dutch, English, French and Japanese Bulbs.
Special quotations for large quantities,
IGHTY TH O USAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from 12J. to 24J. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
RIMULAS, CINERARIAS.andCALCEO-
LARIAS. — Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans-
planted Seedlings, at 85. per 100, 701. per 1000, package and
carriage free for cash with orders. Good strong Mar^chal Niel
and other Tea ROSES, in 48-pots, at dos. per 100.
T. FLETCHER and SON. Florists, &c., Chesterfield.
HOICE FLOWERS for WINTER. —
TREE CARNATIONS, Gloire de Nancy, La Belle,
A. Alegatiire, and other fine kinds, strong plants. 40.1. per 100.
BOUVARDIAS, fine plants, with 15 to 30 shoots, best market
sorts, including Alfred Neuner, 40J. per 100.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM.-Special offer
of Maidenhair and other Ferns, in 48-size pots, splendid
stuff, at 4&r. per 100 ; in thumbs, ready for potting, ibs. per ico;
E. DENSON AND CO.. Nurserymen. Brockley, S.E.
STRAWBERRIES— Next Summer, by
planting now : capital roots, a,s. per 100 ; (id. extra per ico
for delivery by parcels post. In a Few Months, by forcing :
plants in pots, \ts. per 100. Only the best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
TRAWBERRIES.— We are now prepared
to supply strong healthy Plants, from ground and in
pots, of all the most approved kinds. A select descriptive
LIST post-free on application.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth, Herts.
Ten Thousand Strong and Very Healthy
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS— Sir Joseph
Paxton and Dr. Hogg— for Sale. Price is. fid. per joo.
Apply to C. JOHNSON, Mtad House, Red Hill.
ANE'S PRINCE ALBERT APPLE.—
Come and see this Prince of Apples, now in full bearing,
on large and small trees ; and numerous other varieties.
H. LANE AND SON, Nurseries, Great Berkhamstead.
A B B A G E PLANTS
for Present Planting.
500,000 CLARK'S EARLY NONPAREIL, 31. per loco.
50.000 IMPERIAL EARLY MORTON, 5^. per 1000.
A large quantity of other leading sorts to offer, cheap.
JOHN E. KNIGHT. Wbitmore Reans Nurseries. Wolver-
hampton.
322
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Dutoli Bulbs.-Great Unreserved Sales,
Every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at half-past ii o'Clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Hol-
land, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Lee, Kent, S.E.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE, to commence punctually
at II o'clock, in consequence of the unusually large number
of iiQO lots.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. B. Mailer to SELL by AUC-
TION, on the Premises, the Burnt Ash Nursery, Lee, Kent,
S.E., adjoining the Lee Railway Station, on TUESDAY,
September 18, at 11 o'Clock to the minute, without reserve,
20.000 WINTER-BLOOMING HEATHS, beautifully grown
and well set with flower-buds, including 10,000 ERICA
HYEMALIS, 3000 gracilis, 2000 Wilmorea, 1000 caffra,
and large quantities of melanthera, ventricosa, grandinosa, and
other best varieties ; also a quantity of Erica hyemalis, and
other sorts, in large and small 60-pots for growing on ;
7000 SOLANUM GAPSICASTRUM, well-berried ; 2000
ADIANTUMS, cuneatum, graciUimum, and Farleyense,
remarkably well-grown : 500 LOMARIA GIBBA, and other
choice DECORATIVE FERNS, in 48 and 60-pots; a fine lot of
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, CYCLAMEN PERSICUM,
AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, 2000 GENISTAS, 6000 BOU-
VARDIAS, 1000 decorative PALMS, extra strong STEPHA-
NOTIS, HOYAS, English-grown CAMELLIAS and AZA-
LEAS. MarSchal Niel and other dwarf ROSES, double
BOUVARDIAS President Garfield and Alfred Neuner, in 48
and 6o-pots, and OTHER STOCK.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., and 8, New
Broad Street. E.G.
Lea Bridge Road Nurseries, Lesrton, E.
UNRESERVED SALE.— EXPIRATION of LEASE.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE ol WINTER-FLOWER-
ING HEATHS and other PLANTS, by order of Mr.
John Eraser.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre-
mises, the Lea Bridge Nurseries, Leyton, E., on WEDNES-
DAY, September ig, at ir o'Clock punctually (in consequence
of there being upwards of iioo lots), without reserve, many
thousands of WINTER-BLOOMING and other HEATHS,
remarkably well grown, and including hyemalis, gracilis, Wil-
morea, regerminans, cafifra, persoluta alba, and others ; looo
EPACRIS, of the choicest kinds ; 2000 CYCLAMEN PERSI-
CUM . looD GEN I STA FRAGR ANS, Tea-scented and Noisette
ROSES, SOLANUM GAPSICASTRUM. in berry ; several
hundreds of well-grown CAMELLIAS, well set with bloom;
400 early- flowering and other CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 200
Mar^chal Niel and other ROSES, from 7 to 10 feet ; a large
quantity of fine plants of AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, in variety, including Acacias,
Ixoras, Dipladenias, Boronias, fine healthy young plants of
Lapageria alba and rosea superba, and other stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., and 8, New
Broad Street, E.C.
Tottenliam.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE ; to commence punctually
at II o'clock, there being upwards of 1103 lots.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Bruns-
wick Nursery, Tottenham (close to White Hart Lane Station),
on THURSDAY, September 20, at 11 o'Clock precisely, by
order of Mr. John Mailer, without reserve, 20.000 winter bloom-
ing HEATHS, beautifully grown, and abundantly set with
flower-buds, includmg Erica hyemalis, gracilis, caffra,
Wilmorea. and other best kinds ; 5000 remarkably well berried
SOLANUM GAPSICASTRUM, unsurpassed in the Trade :
1000 ACACIAS, 1000 handsome PALMS, 1000 well furnished
ADIANTUMS, 500 FICUS ELASTICA. 30M TREE CAR-
NATIONS, best varieties; 5000 BOUVARDIAS, 1000
CYCLAMEN, 1000 EUPHORBIA JACQUINIFLORA, 1000
AZALEAS, large plants of AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS, for
cutting from, 4000 GENISTAS, 500 MYRTLES, 200 EPI-
PHYLLUMS, soo GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, loco Double
White PRIMULAS, including Gilberts splendid new varieties;
several thousands of small ERICAS, GENISTAS. &c., for
growing on, and large quantities of DRAC^NAS, CROTONS,
FERNS, BEGONIAS. GARDENIAS, AMPELOPSIS
VEITCHII, CLEMATIS, &c., suitable for the Trade, and
other extensive buyers.
May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad
Street, E.C.
N.B. The whole stock is in first-rate condition, the Ericas
being especially well set for flowers.
Wood Greeu, N.
SECOND ANNUAL TRADE SALE of unusually well
grown Stock. — Important to Nurserymen, Florists, and
others requiring well furnished Plants for Immediate
Decoration.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Lord-
ship Nursery, Lordship Lane, Wood Green, N., near the Green
Lanes and Wood Green Stations, on FRIDAY, September 21,
at 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. J. W, Hurst, 15,000
DECORATIVE FOLIAGE PLANTS, in 48 and 32-pots,
including 2000 Palms, consisting of Latania borbonica, Sea-
forthia elegans, Corypha australis, Phcenix reclinata, and
others ; 1600 Dracsnas, including a splendid lot of the true
rubra variety ; 10,000 choice Ferns, including 1200 Lomaria
gibba, 1500 Lastrsea aristata variegata, 1000 Pteris serrulata,
750 Pteris (Dicksonia variety), 5c 00 Adiantum cuneatum — fine
plants, principally in 43-pots, 300 Dicksonia antarctica, 600
Phlebodium aureum ; large Ficus, Stephanotis, Camellias,
Crotons, and other Stock, the whole of which is remarkably
well grown, and an inspection is invited.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., and 8, New
Broad Street. E.C.
Lsella elegans.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to
SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C. on FRIDAY, September 28, a wonderful lot
of Lj4i;LIA ELEGANS, in masses of unprecedented size and
condition. Fuller particulars will appear next week.
Friday Next— Bare and Fine Orchids.
MASDEVALLIA CHESTERTONI.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a
fine lot of MASDEVALLIA CHESTERTONI, a new and
extraordinary species of the chimEera section ; also a superb lot
of VANDAGIGANTEA, ODONTOGLOSSUM VELLEUM.
a splendid lot of O. POLYXANTHUM, the very lovely
MASDEVALLIA LUDIBUNDA, M. CHIM-BRA. the true
species ; ONCIDIUM AUROSUM. a grand lot of VANDA
HOOKERI, CATTLEYAS, and ODONTOGLOSSUMS.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Foots' Cray, Kent.
By Order of the Executrix of the late Mr. R. Sim.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, the Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foots' Cray, i mile from
Sidcup Station, on TUESDAY, September 25, at 12 o'Clock
precisely, without reserve, the first portion of the renowned
COLLECTION of FERNS, forming probably one of the finest
assortments in the Trade, comprising 7000 Hardy British Ferns,
1000 Hardy Exotic Ferns, some fine specimen DICKSONIAS,
CYATHEAS, CIBOTIUMS, &c. ; FILMY FERNS in
variety ; 3000 Standard and Hall-standard ROSES of all the
best varieties in cultivation, with straight stems and well fur-
nished heads, and OTHER STOCK.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New
Broad Street, E.C.
N.B. The Old Established NURSERY BUSINESS is'for
DISPOSAL, on easy terms, and the Auctioneers will be pleased
to furnish particulars on application.
Harrow Road, W.
ANNUAL UNRESERVED SALE of WINTER and
SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS. PALMS. FERNS, &c.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. Woodroffe & Son to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Westboume Nursery, Har-
row Road, W , about five minutes' walk from Westboume Park
Station, on WEDNESDAY, September 26, at 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely, several thousands of STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, including 4000 Genistas, 1500 red and white Bouvar-
dias, 2000 double Primulas, 500 Cyclamen persicum, icoo
Aloysias, 1000 Hydrangeas, 1000 early flowering Chrysanthe-
mums, 1000 Poinsettias, Azaleas well set with bloom, Adiantum
cuneatum and other Ferns, Palms, Ficus, Dracaena congesta,
D. rubra, extra large Epiphylluras, Eucharis amazomca, extra
strong, in 14-inch pans, and other Stock,
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad
Street, E.C.
Eaton Nurseries, near NorwiclL.
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of beauti-
fully grown NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs.
Ewing & Co., who are giving up their Nurseries.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, the Old Established Nurseries at Eaton, near
Norwich, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, September
26 and 27, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the second portion
of the VALUABLE NURSERY STOCK, comprising the
plants in pots, consisting of about 10,000 Roses in pots of
such sorts as Mar^chal Niel, Niphetos, Gloire de Dijon, and
other best varieties of Teas and Noisettes ; 5000 Clematis in
great vaiiety, of the newest and best kinds; 5000 variegated
and green-leaved Ivies ; Ampelopsis Veitchii, and other hardy
Climbers in pots in superb variety ; also about 5000 choice
young Evergreens and Flowering Shrubs, many of them new
and rare ; and large quantities of Japanese Evergreens, Aucuba
japonica, &c.
May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street,
London, E.C.
N. B.-A GREAT SALE of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL
TREES and SHRUBS to be held on NOVEMBER 6 and 9,
particulars of which will appear in due course.
Lower Streatham. S W.— Clearance Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the
Norbury Nurseries, Lower Streatham. S.W., on THURSDAY,
September 27. at 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs.
Peed & Sons, without reserve (in consequence of possession of
the ground being immediately required, the premises being let
to an incoming tenant), the entire collection of specimen
exhibition STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, which
have taken numerous prizes at all the principal metropolitan and
other shows, includmg three matcUess specimens of Anthurium
Scherzerianum (Veitch's variety), AUamanda grandiflora,
Aphelexis macrantha rosea (Chilman's variety), specimen and
half-specimen Ericas, amongst which will be found fine plants of
E. .Massoni major, E. tubasformis, and others; magnificent
examples ol Azalea indica, &c. ; together with an Exhibition
Plant VAN. covered spring VAN, several 2 and 3-light
BOXES. Glazed SASHES. MOWING MACHINES,
ROLLER, and numerous efiects.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, and 8, New
Broad Street. E.C.
N.B.— The whole of the OUTDOOR NURSERY STOCK
will be SOLD by AUCTION in OCTOBER NEXT, due
notice of which will be given.
Rlclimond, S.W.— Expiration of Lease.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Herbst (who has received notice
from the Crown Commissioners to give up the land) to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Kew Road,
Richmond, S.W., on FRIDAY, September 28, at 13 o'Clock
precisely, the whole of the NURSERY STOCK growing upon
that portion of the land, comprising finely furnished specimen
Conifers for effective planting : Cupressus Lawsoni lutea in
quantity ; thousands of Lilacs for forcing ; Hollies, thousands
of small Coniferse, Euonvmus and Ivies for potting ; Hardy
Ferns, and a variety of Greenhouse Plants ; 40 Double White
Camellias from 5 to 7 feet, and other Stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C,
and 8, New Broad Street. E.C.
The Nursery, Abbey Wood, Kenr.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Havelock to SELL by AUC-
TION, on the Premises as above, on WEDNESDAY, Octo-
ber 3, a large assortment of well-grown NURSERY STOCK.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, -8, New Broad Street, E.G., and 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C.
Upper Tooting Park, Balham, S.W.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. C. Young (who is relinquishing
the business owing to ill-health) to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premises, The Nursery, Upper Tooting Park, S.W., about
ten minutes' walk from Balham Station, on TUESDAY, October
2, at 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve, a large quantity of
remarkably well grown NURSERY STOCK in excellent
condition for removal, consisting of thousands of Ornamental
Trees. Evergreens, and Coniferas, Fruit Trees, and a variety of
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Palms, Ferns, Azaleas, Camellias
and other stock. May now be viewed.
Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the Auc-
tioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C
N.B.— The LEASE of the OLD ESTABLISHED NUR-
SERY is for DISPOSAL on moderate terms. Particulars of
the Auctioneers as above.
Rlcliniond, S.W.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. G. & W. Steell to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the Nursery, Richmond. S.W.,
on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY. October 3 and 4.- a
large quantity of unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK,
in excellent condition for removal.
Full particulars will be duly advertised.
Catalogues (when ready) may be had of the Auctioneers.
Brixton, S.W.
TWO DAYS' SALE of WELL GROWN NURSERY
STOCK, all recently transplanted, and in fine condition.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Nur-
sery, Loughborough Park, Brixton, S.W. , on FRIDAY and
SATURDAY, Octobet 5 and 6, at 12 o'Clock precisely each
day, by order of Messrs. Ponsford & Son, a large quantity of
well grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising 1500 Aucubas,
25C0 Laurels of sorts, 1500 Cupressus, &c. ; 2500 Box, 3000 oval
and Box-leaf Privet, 5000 Variegated and Green Euonymus,
1500 Flowering Shrubs, 700 handsome Standard Planes, Limes,
Poplars, and other Ornamental and Forest Trees ; Hardy
Climbers, 1500 Green and Variegated Ivies, 500 Ampelopsis
Veitchii, Fruit Trees, icoo fine Standard Mulberries ; also a
variety of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, 5000 Ferns, 2000
Azaleas, Camellias and BouvardiaR, 1000 Summer and Autumn
Flowering Chrysanthemums, and other Stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C
Weybridge, Surrey.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT CLEARANCE SALE of about
6 Acresof unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK, with-
out Reserve, the Land being required for Building Purposes.
In Lots to suit the Trade and other extensive Buyers.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. H. Chapman to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, the Oatlands Park Nursery,
Wevbridge, Surrey, on TUESDAY, October 9, and following
days, about 6 Acres of beautifully-grown NURSERY STOCK,
including a fine assortment of young and thriving Coniferse, vary-
ing in size from i to 5 feet ; thousands of Hollies ; 8000 Laurels,
gooo Portugal Laurels, 16,000 Ponticum and other Rhododen-
drons, 7003 Aucubas, and other Stock.
Full particulars of which will appear next week. Catalogues
may be had, when ready, of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.C. ; and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Ealing, W.— Preliminary Notice.
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE.
Important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and Others
largely engaged in Plantmg.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Messrs. Charles Lee & \
Son to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Ealing |
Nursery, Ealing. W., several Acres of exceptionally well-growa
NURSERY STOCK, in young and thriving condition; Thou-
sands of Fruit Trees, &c.
Catalogues will be published in due course, and may be
had at the Auctioneers' Offices, as above. I
Fortbcoming Sales by I
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, '
in addition to these —
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.— At the Swan Inn, Stratford.
Sale of eighty-five plots of FREEHOLD BUILDING \
LAND, situate at Leytonstone. H
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 2 —Sale of CARRIAGE HORSES, D
&c., at Mr. Wright's, The Forest, Snaresbrook, Ij
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 10.— Sale of FREEHOLD
PROPERTIES, situate at Stratford, at the Auction
Mart, London, by order of the Executors of the latfl
Sir Antonio Brady.
THURSDAY, OCTOBER n. — Sale of ORCHIDS and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, at Mr. James' Nursery,
Norwood.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 16.— Sale of NURSERY STOCK,
at Biggs' Nursery, Lewisham.
Auction and Estate Offices. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., and
8, New Broad Street, E.C
Dutch Flower Roots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS.'
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers,
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.
NEW AERIDES.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander, to SELL by AUCTION, at
his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on
WEDNESDAY NEXT, September 19, a fine specimen of a
new AERIDES in flower. The plant was brought home about
two years ago by the Collector, and is the only one received.
The Collector found it in flower, and took special care of the
plant. It has 8 or 9 growths, is entire, the broadest leaves are 2
inches across, the plant is in vigorous health. The flowera
seem to partake of A. Leoni and odoratum, having the fine scent
of the latter ; they are 1 K inch long, and very nearly as broad,
centre has a broad purple blotch, and the ends of sepals and
petals are of the same colour. The spike is above 2 feet over,
and has some thirty flowers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
September 15, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
323
Wednesday Next.
VALUABLE SEMIES I'ABLISHED and IMPORTED
ORCHIDS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at
his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, , on
WEDNESDAY NEXI', September 19, at half-past 12 o'clock
precisely, a fine lot of valuable Esublished, Semi-established,
and Imported ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Kext.
PHAL/ENOPSIS ROSEA.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
September so, twenty fine plants of PHALyBNOPSIS ROSEA,
some in flower, and others showing for bloom, all well-established
in Teak-wood Baskets,
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had^
Highly Important Saleljf EatabUslied Orchids.
MR. I. C. STEVENS has been favoured
with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURS-
DAY, September 20, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the small
but CHOICE COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED CAT-
TLEYAS, &c , formed by Edward Salt. Esq., of Ferniehurst,
Shipley, near Leeds, who is disposing of all his Orchids which
require other than cool treatment. The Cattleyas, many of
which have been bought in flower, comprise some almost match-
less varieties. 'They include many specimen plants, have been
grown with little or no shade, are in the most perfect condition,
and well set with flower-sheaths. Three magnificent specimens
ofANTHURIUM ANDREANUM will be included, one of
which is believed to be the largest plant in the country if not in
Europe, and very florifer-ous. The sale will include all the
Cattleyas of the collection, none being reserved.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Blenheim Palace Gardens, Oxon.
In consequence of re-arrangements about being made in the
above Gardens,
MESSRS. J. AND W. SCROGGS will SELL
by AUCTION, on TUESDAY, September iS (the same
day as the Woodstock Agricultural Show), at ii for i3 o*CIoclc,
SELECTED PLANTS. The Catalogue will include drafts
from the Stove and Intermediaie Houses at Blenheim Gardens,
and will comprise several large and well-grown specimens of
Clerodendron Balfourianum, Allamanda Henderson!, Anthu-
rium crystallinum, Cycas revoluia, Medinilla magnifica, Stepha-
DClis floribunda, Adiantum Farleyense, Croton Johannis,
Davallia Mooreana, and Cissus discolor.
The plants will be on view the day previous to sale, by ticket
only. Catalogues and orders to view may be had at the Estates
Omce. Blenheim Palace, of Mr. CLARK, Head Gardener, and
of J. AND W. SCROGGS, Auctioneers, Kidlington, Oxon.
N. B. In consequence of the absence of the Family on Sep-
tember 18, notice is hereby given that the Palace and Gardens
wilt be open to the Public for that day only.
Oxford.
To NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS, GARDENERS,
CAPITALISTS, and OTHERS.
All that valuable piece of FREEHOLD NURSERY
GROUND, situate in Marston Street. Cowley Road,
together with a good DWELLING HOUSE thereon,
containing two Sitting-rooms. Kitchen, and other Offices
on the Ground Floor; two Bed-rooms and W.C. on the
First Floor, and two Bed rooms on the Second Floor ;
also two Stables, Coach-house (with Loft over), five large
GREENHOUSES (contammg about 4000 square (eet of
Glass), fitted with Hot-water Appaiatus ; Brick-built Pits,
Frames, conveniently arranged Potiing Shed, and large
Garden stocked with Fruit Irees in full bearing, the whole
covering an area of about 1 Acre, Gas and Water laid on
to the Premises.
MR. WALTER GRAY will SELL the
above by AUCTION, at the Roebuck Hotel, Oxford,
on WEDNESDAY, September 19, at 6 for 7 o'Clock in the
evening.
This desirable Freehold Estate is admirably adapted (or
carrying on the business of a Florist, a good remunerative trade
having been conducted on the Premises for a period of 25 years,
and forms a rare opportunity for any one desirous of entering
upon such an enterprise, or may be laid out in Building Lots,
for the erection of small Villas, or good Cottages, for which it
is well suited. The Propcty is subject to a small Tithe-Rent
of about 6j. per annum, and the Land Tax has been redeemed.
The Purchaser will have the option of taking to the Stock-in-
Trade at a valuation.
The Fruit Trees will be sold with the Land.
Tram Cars pass within half-a-minute's walk of the Nursery
Gate, at the Cowley Road end of Marston Street, and.lhere is
also a carriage entrance from Iffley Road.
A Plan of the Land may be seen at the Offices of the Auc-
tioneer. The site will be pointed out on application to Mr.
Thomas Robinson, the occupier, and possession will be given
upon completion of the purchase.
Should the Property not be Sold in One Lot it will be offered
in Two Lots, as staked out and marked on the Plan,
Further particulars may be obtained of G. D. D. DUDLEY,
Esq , Solicitor, Cornmarkel Street; of Mr. T. F. HAWKINS.
St. Giles' Street ; or of the Auctioneer, 30, New Ion Hall
Street. Oxford.
Manor Park. Little Ilford, Essex,
To NURSERYMEN, MARKET GARDENERS,
BUILDERS and OTHERS.
VALUABLE FREEHOLD BUILDING or MARKET
GARDEN LAND.
MR. W. H. COLLIER is instructed by the
British Land Company (Limited) to OFFER by
AUCTION, at the *' Princess Alice," Romford Road (near
Forest Gate Station), on MONDAY, September 24, at 6 for 7
o'clock in the evening. Six Lois, of about 2 acres each, of
valuable MARKET GARDEN LAND, having important
building frontages of about 240 feet each to the main Ilford
Road, opposite the "Rabbits' Tavern," and several Lots of
eligible FREEHOLD BUILDING LAND, havirg frontages
to the new road leading from the Ilford Road to Little Ilford,
situate close to Manor Park Station, on the Great Eastern
Railway, and near Wanstead Flats. The property will be sold
free from Tithe and Land Tax. Nine-tenths of the purchase
money may remain on mortgage or contract at 5 per cent,
interest, to be paid in nine years by equal half-yearly instal-
ments, but the whole or any part of the balance may be paid otT
at any time, without notice. Free Conveyance will be given
on the Vendor's Title being accepted, without further inves-
tigation.
Particulars, Plans, and Conditions of Sale may be obtained
about ten days before the Sale, at the " Rabbits' Inn." Ilford
Road ; of Messrs. R. & A, RUSSELL, Solicitors, 59, Coleman
Street, London. E.C. ; of the Auctioneer, at the Offices of the
British Land Company (Limited), 25, Moorgate Street, EC;
and at the place of Sale.
The Cottage. TopBham Road, Exeter.
IMPORTANT SALE of VALUABLE EXHIBITION
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, which have
taken the leading Prices in various parts of England.
MR. S. R. FORCE has received instructions
from James Lawless, Esq.. to SELL his valuable col-
lection of EXHIBITION STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, by AUCTION, on THURSDAY. September 20. at
12 o'clock — in consequence of the continued illness of his gar-
dener, George Coles — comprising elegant Palms, Crotons,
Ixoras, Allamandas, Dipladenias, Eric.is, Clerodendrons,
Stephanotis, Bougainvilleas, Anthuriums, Ferns, Alocasias,
Nepenthes, Rondeletias. Gleichenias, &c.
On view WEDNESDAY. Septemberif). from 10 to 4 o'Clock,
and on the morning of Sale, from 10 to 12 o'Clock, by Catalogues
only, to be had of the Auctioneer, 15, Sidwell Street, Exeter.
Sander's Lane Nurseries, WoWng.
Three miles from Woking Station, and i mile from Worplesdon,
L. & S. W. Railway.
TWO DAYS" NURSERY SALE.
MR. H. W. COPUS has been honoured
with instructions from Mrs. Chapnian (who is giving up
the Trade) and from Messrs. T. Holdtorth & Sons, to SELL by
AUCTION, on MONDAY and TUESDAY, September 24 and
25. a large assortment of EVERGREEN SHRUBS, 5000
Berberis Darwinii, 2000 Cotoneaster microphylla, Cedrus Deo-
dara, 5 to 7 feet ; 5000 Thuia Lobbii, aoco Cupressus Lawsoni-
ana, Colchica and common Laurel, Pinus austriaca. Ketino-
spota plumosa argeniea and aurea. Green and Variegated
Hollies, Ribes sanguineum, American Arbor- vitffi, Abies
Douglasii. Acer Negundo. 10,000 Dwarf ROSF-S, best named
sorts ; Oval-leaved PRIVET, 5000 LABURNUM, 2 to 8 feet ;
2000 HONEYSUCKLES of sorts : 2000 ASH and OAK. trans-
planted ; White and Yellow BROOM. POPLAR of sorts,
LARCH and Scotch FIR. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS.
VINCA ELEGANTISSIMA and MAJOR, VIRGINIAN
CREEPER. Irish IVIES, ASPARAGUS, SEAKALE, and
5000 Standard and half-Standard ROSES, best leading sorts;
together with FILBERTS, FRUIT TREES. &c. : useful
HORSE, HARNESS, VAN and TILT : Two small Ricks of
Meadow HAY, small GREENHOUSE, complete ; WINNOW.
ING MACHINE, CHAFF CUTTER, &c. _ _ ,
A Conveyance will meet trains arriving at Woking Station at
10.50 down, 10.41 up, Portsmouth line; IX.9 Southampton, to
take up Purchasers.
Sale to commence at 12 o'Clock precisely each day.
Catalogues in due course (post-free) of the Auctioneer,
16. friary Street, Guildford, and on the Premises.
To Capitalists.
WANTED, ^300 to ^500, by a Florist, to
be Expended m the Ereciion of additional Hcuses, to
meet a rapidly increasing busintss. £,\<i per cent. Interest
will be paid and the Principal (which will be partly secured)
repaid by instalments.
Apply, FLORIST, Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Welling-
ton Sireet. Strand, W.C.
Brigliton — (No. 15932-)
To BE SOLD, the Goodwill of a thoroughly
genuine SEED and FLORIST'S BUSINESS in one of
the busiest thoroughfares of the Town. Immediate possession
can be arranged.
Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS.
Auctioneers, 8. New Broad Street, E.C. Personally inspected
and recommended.
To Nurserymen and Florists.
AN OLD - ESTABLISHED COUNTRY
BUSINESS, with good connection, to be DISPOSED
OF, with IMMEDIATE POSSESSION. The Premises
comprise a comfortable small Residence, with Shop and six
well-stocked Stove and Greenhouses {all freehold.') Small
Nursery Ground opposite, with two Span-roofed Houses, held
at very low rental.
Terms of Entry :—Stock-in-Trade and Houses at valuation.
Goodwill ,^100. Freehold may be purchased, half the money
remain on mortgages at 5 per cent., if required.
Pariiculars of Messrs. CATLING and MANN, Auctioneers,
&c., Cambridge.
Seed Business, LiverpooL
TO BE SOLD, an old-established SEED
TRADE (23 years), in one of the best and most
central streets in the City (or a PARTNERSHIP can be
arranged) Shop beautifully fined up with modern Drawers,
Glass Cases, and every convenience for the Trade. Rent low.
The Store-rooms suitable for a Dwelling-house. Splendid open-
ing for an energetic man, who understands the Trade, with
limited capital. Trade — Farm, Vegetable, Flower, and Bird
Seed, Dutch Flower Roots, Garden Tools, Garden Requisites,
Everlasting Flowers and Wreaths. The Nurseiy, Flower, and
Fruit Trades might be combined with great advantage. Stock
and Fixtures, if taken at once, about ,£200, or valuation. Half
payment can stand over.
Address, B. L. PIERPOINT. 50, Great Charlotte Street,
Liverpool.
FOR SALE, Lease of an Old-established
NURSERY and JOBBING BUSINESS, situate North
of London. About 13,000 feet of Glass, well Heated with Hot
Water. Stock at valuation or otherwise. Good 6-roomed
House on Premises. Satisfactory reason given for selling.
For particulars apply, by letter only, to Mr. W. SHRIMP-
TON. Jeweller, &c., Hazelville Road, Upper Holloway,
London, N.
K' INGSWOOD NURSERY, Vulcan Road,
Brockley, S.E. — The above, situated in a splendid locality,
twenty minutes from London Bridge, is still FOR DISPOSAL.
There is a considerable amount of Glass and Land, also a good
Dwelling house. Well suited to a man who can devote the
whole of his time, or to a City Seedsman, &c. The late pro-
prietor gone abroad ; the person who took it over (having other
business) cannot devote sufficient time to it. Rent about ;^33.
Incoming ^^(55. Immediate possession— Apply to
H. H., ir, Harcourt Road, Brockley, S.E.
To Gardeners and Others.
TO LET, a small JOBBING GARDENING
BUSINESS, together with a compact Lodging-house,
in a fashionable suburb near town. A Lawn-tennis ground.
Rent only ^43. Income Z150 to j^aoo clear, part or whole of
furniture at a reduction.
For particulars apply to G. M. F., The Harrow, Watering-
bury, Kent.
TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Shrkt and Plate Glass, Whitk
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43. Commercial Street. E.
Strawberries.
PAUL and SON have now stronjj Plants,
both in small pots and transplanted ; Runners of all the.best
kinds of these fruits, now a speciality of the many. LIST on
application.
The "Old Nurseries, Clheshutit.
D
UTCH BULBS.
D
IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, NURSERYMEN,
Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland.
Before ordering Dutch Bulbs, read Ant. Roo/rn & .^on*s
CATALOGUE for 1883, which their Agents, Mes-rs. MER-
TENS AND CO.. 5. Bilhler Square, London, E.C, will forward
Post-free on application.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &:c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION lor Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25.?. per too, or 4^-.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
•WOROESTEB.
TO THE TBADE.
FRUIT TREES, ROSES and VINES.
DWARF MAIDEN PEACHES. NECTARINES. APRI
COTS, PLUMS, CHERRIES, APPLES, PEARS.
DWARF-TRAINED PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRI-
COTS, CHERRIES, PLUMS, PEARS, APPLES.
STANDARD. HALF-STANDARD, and DWARF ROSES,
also ROSES in pots.
GRAPE VINES for Forcing and Planting.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS, fine, for Potting for Forcing.
HUGH LOW & CO. have to ofTer the above in quantity,
clean and healthy, growing at Bush Hill Park Nursery, Enfield,
ten minutes' walk from the Bush Hill Park Station, Great
Eastern Railway. Inspection invited.
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
(0|b(L=9l,lbli5lull.-
— (Koo^er, —
SUPERB QUALITY.
ihc fJidt of lliill-.tnb.
Prices very moderate.
jfrec IDelivei-fes.
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE
( Illiistrateii).
yicli.iblc aHiiiiiig. Address in full—
R^fl.DlG^SON^SONS,
■JEbe (Siuccu's Scc&^meit,
GHESTEI^.
PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horti-
cultural Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers
and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.C, and at Leyton.
stone, £. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.
THE HOME FOR FLOWERS
Is now, perhaps, more interesting, and more
information to be gained by a visit than to any
similar establishment in Europe. The whole
family of DAHLIAS (2 Acres) is now a grand
sight — Semi-doubles and the Singles in parti-
cular, and which comprises the entire collec-
tions of Messrs. CuUingford, Moore, Teesdale,
and E. J. Lowe. Choicest Seedlings, some of
which will be found to possess beauty and
usefulness much beyond anything anticipated.
We invite all to see and discuss their many
points of excellence.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
SWANLEY, KENT.
324
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 13, 18S3,
(CARNATION, "MARY MORRIS."
^^_ Plants ready for delivery in October.
First-class Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 11,
1882. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, of
Rreat size, very full, and of perfect shape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardeiters' Chrotiicle, August 4, 1883, page 146.
Price and all particulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C.
To all Lovers of Flowers.
VIOLETS — VIOLETS.—
Now is the time to transplant these sweetest and most
beautiful winter flowers. Large clumps full of flower-buds,
^y^li flower until April next, in cold frames or sheltered hiiua-
tions. Marie Louise, Double Neapolitan, Victoria Regina, and
ten other best varieties, single and double, 6s. per dozen, 40^.
per TOO. Sample dozen per parcels post, 6s. 6d.
FRED. PERKINS. Nurseryman, 37, Regent Street,
Leamington.
TTUGH LOW AND CO. have pleasure in
J— L informing their friends and the Public that their stock
of WINTER and SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS at
Clapton Nursery and Bush Hill Park Nursery, Enfield,
is this se;ison unusually extensive and fine in quality, and well
worth the notice of intending purchasers, who are very cordially
invited to an inspection of the plants, which comprise amongst
other things : —
Many thousands of ERICA HYEMALIS, of various sizes.
Many thousands of ERICA MELANTHERA.
Many thousands of ERICA GRACILIS, of various sizes.
Many thousands of ERICA VENTRICOSA COCCINEA
MINOR, and other choice varieties of ventricosa.
Many thousands of ERICAS of the best varieties, including
candidissima, colorans, cerinthoides coronata. caffra,
Cavendishi, barbata major, grandinosa, hyemalis superbi,
perspicua nana, perspicua erecta, persoluta alba, assurgens,
raammosa, &c.
Many thousands of HARD-WQODED ERICAS, in numerous
fine varieties, a large number of which are extra sized-
Many thousands of CYCLAM ENS.
Many thousands of GARDENIAS, intermedia and radicans.
Many thousands of GENISTAS.
Many thousands of EPACRIS.
Many thousands of AZALEA INDICA in variety, of various
sizes.
Many thousands of AZALEA INDICA, FieHei's White, nai-
cissiflora, and other white-flowering varieties.
Many thcu=ands of AZALEA AMCF.NA, and amoena
Caldwelli,
Many thousands of CAMELLIAS, with flower-buds, various
sizes.
Many thousands of GREVILLE A ROEUSrA.
Many thousands of SOLAN UMS, well berried.
Many thousands of BOUVARDIAS. Red, White, and Pink.
Many thousands of LATANIA BOREONICA. various sizes.
Many thousands of PTYCHOSPERMA ALEXANDRA.
Many thousands of CORYPHA AUSTRALIS.
Many thousands of DRAC^NAS. in variety.
Many thousands of EUCHARIS CANDIDA.
Many thousands of CLIMBERS, Stove and Greenhouse.
Many thousands of TREE CARNATIONS.
Many thousands of the best GREENHOUSE PLANTS, such
as Aphelexis, Acacias in variey, Acacia armata, Boronias,
Chorozemas, Correas, Daphnes, Eriostemons, Genetylhs,
Grevilleas in variety, Leschenaultias. Tremandras, Pime
leas, double white Chinese Primulas, &c.
JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, large winter flowering
CATALONIAN JASMINE, can be offered by the 100.
GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS in variety, including
Princess Royal and Princess Alexandra, which can be off"cred
by the ico.
Many thousands of PELARGONIUMS, choice Show, French
and Decorative varieties in 48-pots ; also small plants to
pot on, by the 100 or 1000
Also on hand a very large stock of ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE
and DECORATIVE PLANTS, PALMS, ASPIDISTRA
VARIEGATA, BEGONIAS, FICUS ELASTICA,
ARALIA VEITCHII, and others, CROTONS, PAN-
DANUS, &c. Suitable for Table Decoration.
OTAHEITE ORANGES, m fruit; LAURUSTINUS, on
stems, fine white variety, full of buds.
AMHELOPSIS SEMPERVIRENS (Cissus stiiatus), new
evergreen Virginian Creeper.
FERNS in immense numbers. Many of the leading kinds can
be supplied by the hundred, such as Adiantum cuneatum,
Adiantum decorum, Adiamum gracillimum, Lomaria gibba.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.
THE HOME FOR FLOWERS.
All fond of Flowers will find ours the MOST
COMPLETE CATALOGUE of all floral re-
quirements during the autumn and winter,
vvhich has been posted to our valued Customers,
and we should also be pleased to send a copy
to those whom we have not yet had the pleasure
of doing business with. It will be found both
useful and interesting, and supplying a want
so much needed in every Garden. Our Stock
is the finest we ever had, and comprises nearly
everything for the supply and production of the
Choicest Flowers in every private home all the
year round, and supplied at the very lowest
price consistent with quality and correctness,
and packed to all parts of the world. New and
old SOFT-WOODED PLANTS, ROSES,
BULBS, HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL
PLANTS, WINTER-BLOOMING PLANTS,
DAHLIAS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, CAR-
NATIONS, and PICOTEES, with the best
varieties of all sections of Popular Flowers, &c.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
30,000 PALMS.
including Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Corypha, Phoenix, Cocos Weddelliana, Caryotas,
&c. ; FERNS, in 48's and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, lor
flowering this season ; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, JASMINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS ;
Tuberous and Foliage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists tree on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
SWANLEY, KENT.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes' from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
^miMSM
y^P^M^m EXTENSIVE
& VERV SUPERIOR STOCK
-IN MOST CASES-
FREE BY POST OR RAIL
PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE
JAMESSiCKSON&SONS
"NEWTON" NURSERiESV„rcTrn
I08EASTCATEST 'l-HtbltH
BULBS,
Send Four Stamps
tor
Kew Catalogue of
The FourpETice ivill he returned
Rlclily Illustrated
in colours.
correctly after
Nature.
the first purchase.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
^d. per bushel ; 100 for 255. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons).
4ay. ; 4.bushe1 bags, id. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. td. per sack ;
5 sacks, 25J ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks 221.; sacks,
^d. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND. -ls. gd. per bushel ; 151. per half
ton, 26y per ton ; in 2 bushel baes, ^. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. IS. per busheh
SPHAGNUM MOSS. Ss.6d. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A. Coal Yard), W.C.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, «5e.
Superior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 4s. 6(/. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from sr. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from 6j. per sack.
LOAM, Yellow Fibrous. \s. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best, is. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, is. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, is. td. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, gd. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, from W. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. 30!. per bag; per truck
load of about 2 tons, 30s.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 41. 6d. per bag.
VIRGIN CORK, i8s. per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 31, Glengarry Road, East Dulwlch, S E.
OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. S'/. each, or
IS sacks, i8s. ; 30 sacks, £1 5s., sacks included. Truck-load,
loose, 33s. ; fifteen bags or more and truck- load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
ished 1872 -J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound" Yard,
and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, &c., of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Lighter
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tons, 48s.
each. Selected PEAT, 3S.persack. SILVER SAND and LEAF
MOULD, Qd. per bushel. Sacks, 6d. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAMBERT, Ringwood.
ASPS.—" The box of ' Myocom Fly Gum '
you sent me some three weeks since has exceeded my
most sanguine expectations. Hundreds of wasps have been
caught, and saved my crop of Grapes."' Extract front letter
from Mr. Freeston, Gardener at Bfook/leld House, Upper
Toolifig, dated September 12, 1883, addressed to
THOS. CHRISTY and CO., 155, Fenchurch Street, E.C.,
Sole Proprietors cf Myocom Fly Gum. In Tins, \s. each, by
Post IS. zd. Of all Chemists.
A SPECIALITY.
BEESON'S ROSE, VINE, and PLANT
MANURE,
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all particulars please apply to
W. H. BEESON, C»rbrook Bone MiUs,
SHEFFIELD.
SILVER ME0AI-I8SI. BRONZE HEDAHSei. ,
To His
Royal
Highness
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB. ROUND and CO.'s, Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Absolutely Pure. Free prom anv
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '' Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-caikd Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimooials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter," Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLtTGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Bordering to flower Beds. Combines ivartnth
and cleanli?iess with valuable afitiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
IS. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 13J ; 15 sacks, iZs. ; 20 sacks, 23^. ;
30 sacks. 301. (all sacks included). Truck-load, Iree on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of P. M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention [in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, CHOBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London, E.
UREKA!!! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH. Chemist, Stockbridge.
Edinburgh. The only Insecticide worth using. Once used
always used.
DIRECTIONS. — For Syringing purposes, one part of the
Insecticide to iod parts of water. For Greenfly on Roses, &c.,
from I to 20, to I to 40 pans. For Thrip and Scale, 1 10 20
parts. For Bug, i to 15 parts,
N.B. — Weyy tender plants sliould be well syringed after
using the Insecticide.
In Bottles, is, zs., and y. 6d. each. -js. 6rf. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
Wholesale Agents — IRELAND and THOMSON, 20,
Waterloo Place. Edinburgh.
SOLUBLE FIR TREE OIL insecticide.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and
Blight. Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a
good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, \s. 6d.,
3s. 6d., 4s. dd. a bottle. Per gallon i2j. 6d., or less in larger
quantities. Maker, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale
Druggists. New York : Rolker & Sone.
Amortiser.—Amortiser.— Amort Iser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Greenfly,
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watering the Ground which
Instantly Destroys Slugs, Wireworms. Caterpillars, Grubs, &G.
When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample
Cans, 4'/^ gallons, 3^. td.^ tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
September is, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
325
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants, &c.. /6 6^. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 155. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5^ ; 5 Bags.
3M. 6d. ; 10 Bags, 45s. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
lar. 6i/. per Bsr. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52i. per
Truck of 4tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, jCs per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25J, per Truck of6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN), LiMiTHii,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by t/witi and nil Nurscryuten and Scedsmoi.
This is the M.inure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords,
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli*
cation : giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &C.
Quality equal to any in the Marltet.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . . . 4J. dd. per sack.
,, best black fibrous . . . , , , 3^. dd. „
.. extra selected Orchid .. .. $5. od. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. ..^
PKEPARKD COMPOST, best .. {is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. .. f included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) .. .. li. 3rf. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. lo,/. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. 8rf. per lb., 28 lb. i8j.
,. PAPER, finest imported .. .. rot^. per lb..28 lb, 21J.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash wuh order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Important Discovery,
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides, and all Parasites.
To prevent American Blight, all kinds of Scale, &c., and
for Washing all Hard-wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
A I lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonials.
" Colon Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880.
" We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
"201, Broad Street. Birmingham, August 15, 1883.
"Dear Sir,— I have lately tried Huiison's txtract of Soap
f"r the mildew on my Rose trees in the greenhouse, and I find
lliat with one syringing it completely cures it instantly, I should
say I tiicd it some time ago with the same result. Yours truly,
(Signed) "W.JAMES."
SOLD El'ERViyHERE.
REMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE I
of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING
BV USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
HUGHES' FIR TREE OIL.— Packed for
transit, free per parcels post, at the following low quota-
tion, for stamps with order : —
}4 pint, Xs. 8d. ; 1 pint, 2s. 9d. ;
1% pint, 3i. 9'^- ; I quart, 4-1. IQd.
CONNON AND REID, Seedsmen and Florists, Aberdeen.
STANDEN'S CELEBRATED MANURE,
in 2j. 6d. and zs. f^d tins. A small lot would be sold, a
job, to clear, to save removal OflFers requested per dozen.
X , Bates, Hendy & Co.. 37, Walbrook, E.C.
To the Seed and Florist Trade.
CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO.
[LIMITED),
Horticultural Sundries Merchants,
and Manufacturers of all kinds of
INSECTICIDES and MANURES, GRASS and DRIED
FLOWER BOUQUETS, WREATHS and CROSSES,
in every Material and Pattern.
IMl'ORTERS OF
DRIED FLOWERS and GRASSES, VIRGIN CORK,
RAFFIA MATS, &c.
Every Horticultural Requisite required for a shop kept in
stock. Show Rooms now complete with every novelty for autumn
use, and special attention given to any visiting customers.
CATALOGUES Free to the Trade on application.
18, Flnsljury Street, London, E.C.
GISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions ol from
1 to 2 02. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, ix., 3i.,& tos.td.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, f>d.
and tj. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited), London.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSKS.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
BAMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 feet. The lareest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool.
CABSON'S PAINT.
Patronised by
//ER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,
15,000 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON B/ UNSKILLED LABOUR.
1 Cwt.., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free,
C A R S ON S,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE VARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON, E.G.;
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN;
and 55. ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Cash.
UNDER SPECL&.L ROYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Stieep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£2 i6i. bd. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that tbe
name, DAY, SOK & HEWITT, Is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.-All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and s. Wormwood Street, London, E.C.
RUSSIA MATS,
Archangel, Taganrog, Petersburg, and Dunnage.
SACKS and SEED BAGS. ROPES. LINES and TWINES.
RAFFIA FIBRE.
TOBACCO PAPER. PEAT and SILVER SAND.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. jrf. per sack
(sacks included). Descriptive CATALOGUE on applicaton.
JAUES T. ANDERSON,
140. Commercial Street. London, E.
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine, on rail at -js. 6rf. per ton — not less than 4-ton trucks.
Terms cash.— Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory. Reigate.
LABELS.
WATERPROOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
CO.,
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
100 yards for loj. , delivered at Burnley Station : or 8s yards
for loi., delivered free per parcels post. Very useful pure Cotton
(or Ciutains, Blinds. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley.
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised
BLACK. KACED LBTTHRS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says ; — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon.
SPECIAL r2^\-oz. SHf^;-
#
(S"-'
ft^
^c
HORTICULTURAL SIZES. Oj>
%
ao Eo.xes, 20 x 12
10 ,, 20x15
10 Bo.xes, 20 X 14
20 ,, 20Xl8
10 Boxes, 20 X 13
10 ,, 20x16
20 ,, 24x18
In 200 feet Boxes, at Z\d. per foot nett for not less than
1000 feet. BOXES FREE.
GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. John's Street, West Smlthfield, Loudon, E.C.
Rosher's Garden Edging TUes.
1HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
:^ suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
hour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do '* grown " Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c , in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
■^ ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
Street, Blackfriars. S.E.
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT " ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c ,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles.
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates. Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO.. Buck and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L V E R S AND,
fine or coarse gram as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
qtiantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO. — Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade,
TEN SILVER
AWARDED
MEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-suphr-marb. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS. &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, dd. Book of Designs, is.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAU & SOJ^,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
i2in , so in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by iS in , in i6-oz.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in soo-ft. and 3oa-ft. cases.
^
<yf
0\j^ 21 OS. Foreign, of the following
N^ ilzes, In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, "'
Sda and 4tlis qualities always kept In stock :—
14x12 20X12 20X14 20X16 20x18
i6xi2 16x14 20X15 22Xi6 22X18
18x12 18X14 i8xi6 24x16 24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
AU descriptions of British and Foreisn Glass can be obtained
from
OEOBOE FABiaiiGE & SONS,
CLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
S^ St Jolm'i Street, Wsst Smltbfleld, London, B.a
326
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[September 15, 1883.
NOTICE TO THE TRADE.
MESSRS. GREGORY & EVANS
beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally,
that they have the largest stock of ERICA HYEMALIS,
in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade. Other
varieties in proportion.
Inspection Invited.
LONGL.ANDS NURSERY, SIDCUP,
AND AT LEE, S.E.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from iZs. to 36J. per dozen.
These World-famed KOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
N A R C I S S U S.
THOMAS S. WARE begs to announce that
he has prepared a SPECIAL OFFER of Leading
Varieties of ihe above, which may be had upon application.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
2^^- Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS o*^ MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever ihe mest
extensive Seed Fanners in America.
Founded In 1784.
ADDRESS .—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
1883-A BC BULBGUIDE-1883.
THIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
has been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General MISCELLANEOUS BULBS,
very extensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS (perhaps the finest collection of these ever
offered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORUS,TRIL.
LIUMS, PEONIES, the leading and most distinct
varieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.,
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
adapted for Autumn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
DUTCH FLO V^^ER ROOTS
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAGINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price 6rf.) contains much useful information as well as " Hints
on Fern Culture." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application,
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, IMANCHESTER.
SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER of HARDY PERENNIALS,
SUITABLE lor PRESENT PLANTING,
CONSISTING of most Useful and Effective
Varieties, principally strong plants from Ground.
CATALOGUES Gratis and Post-free upon application.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
James Veitch & Sons
BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT THEY HAVE RECEIVED THEIR ANNUAL SUPPLY OF
HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS, TULIP8,andotherBULB0U8 ROOTS;
and are pleased to say that they are in fine condition.
BULB CATALOGUE FOR 1883
Has now been posted to all our Customers j to any one not having received the same, a duplicate
copy will immediately be forwarded Post-free on application.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.
WEDNESDAY NEXT.
NE^VS^ A E R I D E S.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Mr. F. Sander
to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.i
on WEDNESDAY NEXT, September 19, a fine Specimen of a
NEW AERIDES IN FLOWER.
The plant was brought home about two years ago by the Collector, and is the only one received.
The Collector found it in flower, and took special care of the plant. It has eight or nine growths,
is entire. The broadest leaves are 2 inches across. The plant is in vigorous health. The flowers
seem to partake of A. Leoni and odoratum, having the fine scent of the latter ; they are \\ inch
long, and very nearly as broad, centre has a broad purple blotch, and the ends of sepals and petals
are of the same colour. The spike is above 2 feet over and has some thirty flowers.
On view morning of Sale, atid Catalogues Jiad.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON. W.C.
TO INTENDING PLANTERS.
Expiry of Lease. — Clearing Sale.
THE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY CO. (LIMITED),
EDINBUKGH,
Have resolved to clear off the entire stock of SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED
FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREE STOCKS, ORNAMENTAL TREES for immediate effect,
&c., contained in Windlestrawlee Nursery, Granton Road, as they do not intend to renew the lease,
which expires ne.\t year ; their other Nurseries, however, will be carried on as usual. All the
stock not previously sold by private bargain, will be exposed by
PUBLIC AUCTION on the 10th and 11th of OCTOBER NEXT;
meanwhile special offers will be made upon application.
Particulars in future Advertisements, and Catalogue now in preparation.
R. HALLIDAY & CO.,
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries, Stoves. Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing housas, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the verv best.
Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.
Plans, Estimates ajtd Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any pari of the Kingdom.
MODERATE CHARGES.
Our Maxim is and always has been —
FIRST-CLASS WORK.
THE BEST MATERIALS.
September 15, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
327
WEBBS'
CHOICE
COLLECTIONS OF
FLOWER ROOTS
For GREENHOUSE DECORATION
. Price lOJ. Sd.
i^ Delivered Free by Post or Rail.
Collection A, containing 128 Bulbs
■1 I^. ■> 207 ,,
C. ,. 259 M
.. D. .. 444 .1
For OUTDOOR CULTIVATION.
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,, 421-
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Collection K, containing 124 Bulbs
L, „ 163
M, „ 255 „ ..I
N, „ 409 „ .. ,
O, „ sS6 „
P. .1 S81 „ .. ,
as" Delivered Free by Post or Rail.
Price loi. 6</.
II IS'-
II 2*J-
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THE
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1S83.
FOREST ADMINISTRATION.
AN important report under the modest title
of " Suggestions Regarding Forest Ad-
ministration in the Madras Presidency," has
lately been issued by the Madras Govern-
ment. The report is lengthy and exhaustive,
and is drawn up by Dr. Brandis in compli.ince
with the request of the Government. If the
interest attaching to this report were simply
local — confined to one Presidency of India— it
would be sufficient for us in this place merely
to announce its publication. But in point of
fact we have here a detailed account of the
reasons for and the objects of forest conser-
vancy, as well as a summary of the best
methods of effecting those objects consist-
ently with the general welfare of the popu-
lation, the improvement of climate and sbil,
and the development of the resources of
the country. We have, indeed, a treatise on
forest conservancy from the pen of one who, from
his ability and experience, is better able to pro-
duce such a work than any other authority. The
book may, too, be looked on as a special legacy,
for we are told that it was submitted on the
eve of Dr. Brandis' retirement from a service
which owes so much to his zeal and thorough-
ness. Of course a great deal of it is only
applicable to India, and not suitable for the
very different system of woodcraft pursued
here. Nevertheless there is much, very much
which may be profitably read by the forester
at home, and although the details and mode of
application may be different yet the general
principles governing them are very generally
identical in India or in Britain. On this account,
then, we may, while passing over those portions
which relate exclusively to India, call attention
to other matters of universal interest.
The objects of forest conservancy are direct or
indirect — direct as regards the pennanent supply
of timber for constructive purposes, railroads,
or fuel. The object here is to produce on the
smallest area, at the most remunerative rate,
the largest amount of timber or other forest
produce, and to ensure a regular continuous
supply. The indirect objects comprise the
effect of forests on climate and drainage, the
protection they offer against erosion of the soil,
the shelter they afford from wind, &c.
As to the amelioration of climate. Dr. Brandis
is very decided in his opinion as to the impossi-
bility of materially altering the climate by the
creation of new forests or the improvement of
old ones, for, says he, very truly, " the great
features of climate depend upon cosmic causes,
which are independent of local circumstances."
"It has been established by continued experiments
made by L. Fautrat in the forests o( Halalte and
ErmenonviUe, in France, that a gauge placed above the
crowns ot the trees in a forest collects more rain than
another placed in its vicinity at the same height from the
ground but outside the forest. Large e.xtents of forest,
or large areas of irrigated land, may have some effect in
increasing the rainfall at certain seasons, and there is no
doubt that in the vicinity of dense forests, and on irrigated
lands, the air near the ground is generally moister during
the dry season and the dew heavier. Nor is there any
doubt that forests, if well stocked, afford effective shelter
against scorching winds, and that in the hot weather the
shade and shelter afforded by trees is a great boon, and
is beneficial alike to crops, to man and to cattle. . , ."
328
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
As to the effect of forests in protecting the
soil, and regulating surface and subsoil drain-
age, Dr. Brandis points out that —
" It is different in regard to the influence of forests
in other respects. They protect the soil on slopes and
hills, and there is good ground for believing that they
regulate the distribution of the rain-water which falls
upon the ground and the surface and underground drain-
age. In this respect the action oi forests is, we believe,
most beneficial in a tropical climate. The action is this :
1st, the foliage breaks the force of the rain, which there-
fore falls upon the ground more gradually and gently ;
2d, the loss by evaporation is less ; 3d, decayed leaves,
moss, twigs, and other matter on the ground in the forest
act as a sponge and prevent the rapid down-flow of the
water ; 4tli, the soil, which is permeated by the roots and
is mixed with vegetable mould, is loose, and facilitates
the percolation of the water, which comes out at a lower
elevation in the shape of springs.
" A further and most important result is, that less soil
is washed away from the hillsides, and that less sand and
silt are carried down by the rivers. Regarding this point
no doubt is possible." . . .
" Speaking broadly, the result as regards the supply of
springs, streams and rivers is believed to be this, that
springs are better supplied, and that streams and rivers
are less suhject to sudden floods, and have a more even
and longer-continued flow of water if their catchment
area is stocked with forest than if it is bare. The effect
is the same upon tanks which are fed from springs and
streams. But upon tanks with a small catchment area,
which are fed only by the surface drainage coming direct
from that area, the effect is different. Tanks of that
description would store the largest proportion possible
of the water coming from the catchment area if that area
were smoothed and plastered over, and made imperme-
able to the rain which fails upon it. In such cases a
hard-baked surface of the catchment area, without any
vegetation, would be most effective."
These extracts will suffice to show the general
nature of Dr. Brandis' views on the indirect
effect of forests. We have no space to follow
the author in the elaborate details and sug-
gestions applicable to particular districts, and
which are the outcome of his personal visits
and examinations of the various forest districts
of the vast Presidency of Madras, from the
Nizam's dominions and Bombay in the north, to
Cape Comorin in the south, but we may avail
ourselves from time to time of extracts relating
to the forests, climate, and vegetation of this
region likely to be interesting to practical cul-
tivators.
1
CCELOGYNE SALMONICOLOR, n. .f/.*
This is the next-door neighbour to Ccelogyne speci-
osa, Lindl., but is much smaller. The tetragonous
pear-shaped bulbs have single cuneate oblong acum-
inate undulate leaves, which are green only at the base,
elsewhere of a copper colour. Whether this is
constant or only due to exceedingly light shading, I
of course do not know. The peduncle at hand is
one-flowered. Sepals oblong ligulate, blunt, acute, sal-
mon coloured, keeled on the central line. Petals linear,
salmon coloured. Lip trifid ; side lacinise semi-oblong
acute, having a very small free place between them
and the rhombic retuse mid-lacinia. There are two
arched keels, retuse, not argute, with a series of tufts
of short hairs on each side, and a rudiment of a third
keel at the very base between the two. The side lacinise
are somewhat tessellated by numerous light brown bars
between the nerves, and the central area between the
two keels is tinted and marbled with the same kind
of brown. The ground colour is, however, salmon,
yet rather light. The column has a toothletted andro-
clinium. It is lightest salmon-coloured on the back,
sulphur at the top and around the fovea, but striped
with reddish-brown longitudinally on the white front
under the fovea. It is of Sondaic origin, a discovery
of Mr. Curtis', and an introduction of Messrs. James
Veitch & Sons. II, G, Rchb.f,
• Ccelogyne sahnonicolor, n. sp. — Filiferse. Affinis Ccnlogyni
speciosEe, Liodl. : minor, pseudobulbis tetragooo-pyriformibus
monophyllis ; folio cuneato oblongo acuto undulato; pedunculo
(ad manus) uoifloro : sepalts oblongo-ligulatis obtuse acutis
supra medianam lineam carinatis ; tepalis linearibus acutis ;
labelto trifido, laciniis lateralibus semiovatis apice libero
obtusangulis, interstitii cutn lacinia mediana rhombea retusa
angustis, carinis geminis Hexis a basi in basin lacinis antics,
dorso retusis, plaais, utrinque pilifeiis, carina brevissima in bas
inter utrainque ; andioclinii limbo lobuloso denticulato Ex ins.
Sondaicis, introd. dom. Veitch Londinens. H. G, Rchb.f.
Oncidium litum, «. Sp. vcl hyhr, nat. ? *
Much like Oncidium Forbesii, and comparable to
it in the outline oi the lip and the wings of the
column, yet abundantly distinct by the very curious
callus, not to speak of the novel colour. Sepals
are not distinct. Petals rather large, well retuse
emarginate, with the usual light yellow narrow
border around the wide brown disc. The lip's basilar
part is narrow, yellow, covered with small spots. The
broad blade is yellow, with some scattered brown
blotches, and the anterior part is totally brown, which
looks very neat. The callus is quite peculiar, the
central mass being one ligulate body with two blunt
anterior lobes, covered with blunt papular masses,
hence giving quite a distinct aspect from what is seen
in Oncidium Forbesii. On each side there is a line of
papulas, nearly giving the outline of a human ear.
The typical flowers of Oncidium Forbesii Borwickia-
num may be compared as to colour, yet their calli are
totally distinct, and the colour also.
This remarkable plant was recognised by Mr. W.
Bull in one of his recent Brazilian importations. Mr.
T. Day is now the possessor of the typical specimen,
and I have to thank this gentleman for a fine sketch
of the whole plant, which has assisted me in the
description, I having had but flowers sent.
The bulbs are remarkable in the afiinity for their
length and thinness— 3 — 4 inches by 3 — 1\ inch.
Leaves 12 inches by l\ inch, cuneate ligulate acute.
The inflorescence is a panicle, viz., a raceme with a
single two-flowered branchlet. H. G.Rchh.f.
Dendrobium ciliatum (Par.) breve, «. var.
I had this very long ago from Messrs. Veitch (No.
17 of their now 937 numbered "dubiacese." It was
sent from Rangoon by Colonel Benson. There is
no mark of distinction in the flowers, but very short
thick stems, and an inflorescence at the top of the
fresh leafy shoot.
Then Mr. Coles Harding sent one (!) flower in a
dried state, and a good sketch representing a tuft of
leafless, short, three to five jointed bulbs, one with an
inflorescence at top (I believe, of course, a lateral
one).
Finally Messrs. Veitch sent lately an inflorescence
grown by Mr. J. W. Dunn. Later came a fine thick
conical bulb having five joints, each part a little
thinner in the middle, as had been very well repre-
sented by Mr. Coles Harding.
We have now so many experiences as to the
dependence of stems (bulbs) on age, that I think it
better to introduce the old novelty as a variety, since
the flowers do not oSer the least mark of distinction.
H. G. Rchb.f.
DAHLIAS AT SOUTH KEN-
SINGTON.
What a marvellous feast of Dahlias was on
Tuesday last presented to view to those visitors to the
Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens who found
their way into the conservatory. Almost every lead-
ing Dahlia grower in the South sent a contribution of
flowers, and they were very numerous, but certainly
not so refined as one saw them recently at the Crystal
Palace — still in very good form ; and a few flowers not
seen prominently at the Palace were here in excellent
character. Mr. C. Turner led the way with a collec-
tion of 250 blooms of show and fancy Dahlias, in
about 100 varieties ; and Messrs. Keynes Sc Co.,
Salisbury ; Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley ;
Messrs. Rawlings, Bros., Romford ; Messrs.
Paul & Sons, Cheshunt; Mr. T. S. Ware, Tottenham;
Mr. H. Glasscock, Bishops Stortford ; Mr. G. Harris,
Orpington, followed the Slough lead. All the wealth
of bloom from the various collections seemed to be
here, and it was a fitting close to a season that has
presented to view the Dahlia in a high stage of
development.
A word of high praise is due to Mr. Turner for the
admirable manner in which he set up his splendid
contribution. It was a lesson to be learned and
applied at future exhibitions of Dahlias. The show
varieties formed a front line, and, as is usually the
* Oitcidium litum, n. sp.'(hybr. nat. ?.)— Pseudobulbis ligu-
latis angustis ; foliis cuneato lanceolatis acutis ; panicula uni-
ramulifera (in specimine misso) : flore Oncidii Forbesii, Lindl. !
calli systemate diverso, callo centrali omnino in unum corpus
conttueote apice bilobo papulis obtusis onusto, areolis papu-
losis intus intetruptis extus labelli colore xanthino, parte antica
brunnea. H. G. Rchb. f.
case, were on a gentle slope. Above these were
boxes of beautiful bunches of single and pompon
varieties ; and as a most pleasing finish in the form of
a background, some dwarf Palms. It was such a
change from the dreary monotony of arrangement
seen at Dahlia shows ; the "lumpish and inelegant
Dahlia " was for once invested with new conditions
of attractiveness, and it was felt that the Gold Medal
awarded to this fine collection was doubly won — for
the quality of the flowers, and for the happy method
of arranging the blooms.
Single Dahlias. — The collection from Slough was
both large and representative. A few varieties may
be appropriately set down in this relation : — Crimson
and scarlet : Beauty of Cambridge, Rob Roy, Fire-
ball, Gracilis perfecta, Morning Star, Huntsman,
Dash, Sunrise, and Funicea. Orange - scarlet :
Gracilis elegans, and Firefly. Magenta and
mauve : Beatrice, Nord, Duke of Teck, and
Mauve Queen, Yellow : Royal Angus, Yellow
Queen, Yellow Gem, Aurata, Lutea, and Gonziola,
Orange-yellow, slightly lipped with red : Pink Helen
McGregor. White : Marchioness of Westminster,
and White Gem. Of the pompon varieties,
the following are all medium-sized, and very attrac-
tive : — Little Princess, Adonis, Professor Bergeat,
Isabel, Nymphe, Comtesse Von Sternberg, delicate,
and very distinct ; Gem, North Light, Nemesis, and
Fair Helen ; and Messrs. Cannell & Sons also had a
rich collection of single Dahlias, old and new. A few
star-shaped flowers found great favour with some ;
they are distinct types, but it is doubtful if they will
become popular. To our mind the most attractive in
this collection were D. Merckii, which is said to be a
distinct species, and has white flowers ; Little
Nymphe, mauve ; and Little Lily, pale mauve :
these are pretty small-flowered forms with black
centre, distinct in foliage, dwarf, and said by Mr.
Cannell to be very free. We think these new types
are likely to become very popular for cutting, espe-
cially as there seems a desire to return to small-
flowered varieties. Mr. Cannell also had a double
white variety named Camelliseflora, said to have been
much grown many years ago. One of Mr. Culling-
ford's new seedling singles. Countess Doneraile,
crimson, flaked with magenta, was quite novel.
Messrs. Paul & Son's collection coiitained some
splendid blooms of D. Juarezi. Mr. T. S. Ware,
as might have been expected, had a very fine
lot of single Dahlias, foremost among them being
Zinnia, bright crimson ; Mrs. Burbidge, rich dark
purple, very fine j Pantaloon, white and crimson
striped ; Cypria, orange-crimson ; Utility, deep
reddish-orange ; Union Jack, white and crimson ;
Buffalo, pale bright orange-buff'; and Christine,
mauve. "These all have medium sized flowers ; many
of the large blossomed varieties were singularly hand-
some. First-class Certificates of Merit were awarded
to the following single Dahlias : — Marchioness of
Westminster, pure white, rather above medium size,
excellent form and substance, from Mr. C. Turner ;
and Cetewayo, shining maroon, fine form, very attrac-
tive ; and B. Barkway, orange-crimson flame in the
centre of the petals, with side margins of deep orange-
buff, very distinct — both from Mr. T. S. Ware.
New Varieties. — Of show Dahlias Mr. C. Turner
received a First-class Certificate of Merit for Mrs.
W. E. Gladstone (certificated at the Crystal Palace
Dahlia show under the name of Mrs. Hurst), a charm-
ing delicate flower, soft pale pink on a white ground,
the centre cream ; very fine in all its parts. Mr.
Turner also had Muriel, a large back-row yellow self,
good in colour and very constant, Messrs. H.
Cannell & Sons had Mrs. Cannell, a promising pure
white self. Messrs. Rawlings Bros, had John Henshaw,
a large bright crimson self, flushed with purple on the
tips of the basal petals ; good petal and outline.
Mr. G. S. P. Harris had Ruby Gem, a ruby-crimson
self ; good petal, outline, and centre ; and Baroness,
deep yellow, small, and undeveloped. Messrs.
Keynes & Co. had Statesman, deep crimson, but
rough as shown, good centre and plenty of stuff ; Lucy
Berry, white, slightly tipped with deep purple, and
much suffused with pale purple, good outline and
petal ; and Mrs. W. Haskins, a distinct buff' self, the
reverse lively pink, very pleasing, but inclined to be
low in the centre ; and the following fancy varieties :
— H. Brown, bright pale purple heavily flaked with
maroon ; Arabella, golden-buff, striped with orange-
red ; and Goldfinch, appearing to be a sport from
Gaiety, deep gold, flushed with pink, fiaked with
crimson, and slightly tipped with white.
September 15 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
329
HYBRID RHODODENDRON.
The accompanying illustration (fig. 49) represents
two flowers and a leaf of a hybrid Rhododendron
raised in the nursery of Mr. Anthony Waterer, of
Knap Hill. It forms a shrub now 4 feet in height,
and, as we are informed, perfectly hardy. One of the
parents is the Sikkim Himalayan R. Aucklandi,
which it resembles in the shape and colour of the
corolla, though smaller in size, and with a few faint
pinkish spots upon the upper segment. We have not
ourselves seen the growing plant, and can say nothing
as to its free-flowering quality or the form of the truss.
Perhaps Mr. Wateret will kindly give the desired
information.
NOTES
FROM A LANCASHIRE
GARDEN.
Sept. 10. — Before the "great September gales, " of
which Longfellow speaks, have quite ruined our
garden, I should like once more to make a record of
Within the walled garden we have been gay enough,
but several of our best (intended) beds failed, and we
had to replace the failures with other things. The
Antirrhinums were caught and killed by an early
frost ; the bed of Ranunculus came to nothing ; the
Zinnias and Portulaccas and Salpiglossis were not
good.
But what could be better than the bed of
Agapanthus, with more than thirty spikes crowded
with their umbels of China blue? or what more
elfective than the Canna indica bed, with its graceful
spirals of unfolded leaf, its broad masses of opened
foliage, its flame-tipped rods of bloom ? By the way,
I have noticed a curious thing about the leaves of
some of the Cannas. Some grub or caterpillar has
found out that they are good for food, and has per-
forated them at regular intervals — three rows in some
instances — and so exactly as to form a sort of pattern
on the leaf. No human skill could have done it
more perfectly.
One bed, which I had never tried before, is of the
new varieties of Marigold — the Marigold of the old
Magnolia between the vineries. We have already had
three of the great creamy blossoms, and there are
plenty more to come.
Our Roses have been singularly good this year (for
us), and none so good as the pink Rosa rugosa, with
its innumerable thorns ; and the little Carolina Rose,
with none. My white Moss Roses have done well,
and the Souvenir de la Malmaison, till the wet
weather came and damped ofT all the buds. The Gloire
de Dijons are now in better flower than at the begin-
ning of the summer.
One of my interests this summer has been trying
whether the theory of the special love of bees for blue
flowers holds true in my garden, and, to tell the truth,
I can make nothing of it. We have a fair share of
blue flowers through the summer— as many, I think,
in proportion as of any other colour ; there are Cam-
panulas, Violas, Lobelias, Nemophila, Tradescantia,
Agapanthus, Cornflowers, blue Sweet Peas, and one
or two more, but I do not find that the bees are
especially attracted by them. For instance, there
were many bees in the Nemophila bed when it was
Fig. 49. — HARDY HYBRID RHODODENDRON,
our year's harvest of flower and fruit. But I feel that
my Lancashire experiences are of slight interest when
compared, or rather contrasted, with those which,
beneath a brighter sky, and under more favourable
auspices, your Buckinghamshire correspondent so
gracefully records.
Here, everything is uphill with us, and our failures
are more marked than our successes. The cruel winters
we have had destroyed (as 1 have previously men-
tioned) all our best flowering shrubs. The beautiful
Arbutus, which cheered the gloom of each November
with its pink clusters of blossom, was utterly killed,
and so was the great Buddleia, and the Escallonia by
the library window, and the Desfontainea, and the
Brooms (white, yellow, and buff), and all the double
Gorse.
However, apart from these losses, we have had no
reason to complain of our flowering shrubs this year.
If the Kalmias did less well than usual, the Rhodo-
dendrons were beautiful, and one day, in a group of
shrubs which I had somewhat overlooked, I dis-
covered a double Rhododendron, which I had never
seen before. I hoped at first that it was an unknown
sport, but was disappointed to find that it is not un-
common, and is known in gardens as " fastuosum,"
English sort — probably the true Sunflower of the
poets and of Shakespeare, who tells us —
" Great princes' favourites their fair leaves spread
But as the Marigold at the sun's eye."
It has been very efiective, and in certain lights there
is a depth and intensity in the flower of the Marigold
which, I think, surpasses that of any other yellow
flower known to me.
Our Asters and Stocks have been magnificent, and
little side-beds of blue Cornflower and yellow Sweet
Sultan have been extremely pretty. The best flowers
still remaining in the mixed borders are Fuchsias,
Phloxes, Tradescantias, and the white and pink
Anemone. The Potentillas and many more are nearly
over, but, as evening comes on, the large yellow and
large white CEnothera light up the borders, and the
odour of the night-scented Stock is heavy on the air.
I was rather pleased with a compliment which was
paid to our garden the other day as " the most sweet-
smelling of gardens," and what with the Mignonette
bed as you enter, and the long row of Sweet Peas,
and the Stocks, and the hedge of Sweet Brier, and
the bank of Musk, the compliment was not quite un-
deserved. But the sweetest thing at present is the
in full blossom, but among the blue Nemophila
insignis came up some plants of the white spotted
variety, possibly one sixth of the whole, and the bees
seemed to me to pay their visits with a very strict im-
partiality. One bee, which I noticed, certainly
preferred the white variety, and passed over the
numerous blue flowers till he found himself hovering
over a white blossom. But if I were asked what part
of the garden was most murmurous with bees, I should
say a rather shady border where the Raspberries
opened their unattractive white blossoms, and another
sunnier bed where some tall white Spiraeas were grow-
ing. Is it not possible that the secret really lies less in
the colour than in the honey-bearing quality of the
flower, and that it is a natural instinct rather than an
resthetic preference that guides the bee. Of course
every garden will vary in respect to its attractive pro-
perties, and every variety of bee is not the same ;
some, no doubt, are more highly educated than others,
and I see in a recent number of the Gardeners'
Chronicle that one observer considers red or pink
their favourite colour. In any case it is a little pre-
mature— is it not ? — to assert that the form of blue
flowers have become modified out of regard to the
colour preferences ol bees,
330
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
But I must now pass from the garden to the
orchard. A row of Lime trees runs along by the
hedge, and here, when the Lilies are out, numbers of
bees are busy, like Ariel —
" Under the blossom that hangs from the bough,"
though it has no charm of colour or of form to catch
their sight— only the rich scent of its pendulous
clusters.
Our Apples are a very fair crop— or, at least, were,
till these strong winds shook them down in hanJfuls,
and gave us many a battered windfall. The Pears
are a sad failure ; Jargonelles alone have done well,
but they are very small— it would take three of them
to make a single Jargonelle of last year. Many of
my old orchard trees seem to be dying, and I must
cut them down, and cut them up for firewood (it is
said that no firewood equals logs from an Apple tree),
and then plant new ones. Bat our climate gets worse
and worse, and there are only a few varieties which
are now likely to do well. Of other fruit. Straw-
berries and Gooseberries were excellent ; of Cherries
we had none except Morellos ; our Peach-house was
relatively a failure, and a number of my Muscat
Grapes— for no special reason that I can discover —
have shanked, but the Black Ilamburghs have been
good. We have had plenty of Melons and Tomatos
(under glass, of course) ; and the Fig tree in the
corner of the garden has behaved nobly— I have
rarely seen finer Figs or more of them in this part of
the world.
We have at present in the hall a fine plant of
Vallota purpurea with several spikes of blossom ; I
hardly know a more beautiful red, but it is scentless,
and cannot compare with the plants whose place it
Lakes. There was fledychium Gardnerianum with
four large flower-shoots and the mo5t delightful per-
fume ; and there were Tuberoses, each bearing on its
long green wand a scented tuft of snowy bloom.
And now, in concluding, may I ask one of your
readers to help me to solve what is to me a puzzle ?
In one of Coleridge's poems he writes —
*' ' Tis said, in summer's evening hour
Flashes the golden-coloured flower
A fair electric flame."
What flower can be meant ? I know that the Fraxi-
nella is supposed to have some such property, but
surely the Fraxinella is never "golden coloured." H.
[Marigold. See also Card. Chron. 1S43, p. 691.
Ed.] —————-———=
HAMPTON COURT.
Hampton Court and its delightful gardens have
long been one of the most popular places of resort for
the holiday-taking Londoner, and hardly less for
sightseers from the provinces and almost the world
all over. More perhaps than any other similar
gardens or public park do these fine grounds lend
themselves to a modern flower garden display, and it
is very difficult to find fault with the association of
such modern ideas of garden decoration as are now in
the ascendant, and the somewhat stifl' heavy notions
of past ages as seen in the summer time here. The
wealth of fine trees that margin the flower gardens
serves to tone the blaze of colour seen in some beds,
presenting a striking contrast in coloration and in
light and shade, to the distressing effect obtained
by the combination of gigantic Sunflowers against
a garish background of red brick. Really this
last decorative efl'ort is a shocking evidence of the
depravity that may follow from a slavish effort to
gratify a taste that is as coarse as it is fleeting. A few
big Sunflowers here and there springing out of a bed of
greenery, and backed by trees or dense shrubs, may not
only be tolerated, but prove now and then pleasing ;
but nearly half-a-mile of these huge ungainly flowers,
borne in manycases on gaunt lofty stems, with an imme-
diate background of brick wall, is an effort so intensely
esthetic that its effects will not fail to satisfy for at
least half a century.
Apart from this blot, however, the present year's
decorative efforts are good, and give a wealth of
beauty. No doubt the large carpet beds are the most
favoured for close inspection, because they cannot be
appreciated till the eye is quite near. On the other
hand big masses of colour show up with marked
effect when remote, and are a somewhat disappointing
when quite near, but that is one of the inevitable con-
comitants of good bedding, and for that reason carpet
beds, or those arrangements that can only be appre-
ciated when near, should always be in the foreground
and the big masses of colour should be remote. Of
these latter, as usual, bedding Pelargoniums are most
effective— crimson, scarlet, cerise, salmon, and pink
in variety, but all nameless, though it is not difficult for
the knowing ones to make out most of the kinds. The
long beds which skirt the outer margin of the crescent-
shaped lawn have the advantage of a background of
lofty trees that serve to throw all the flowers in the
beds forward to the Palace fronts, and thus the
colours, looked at from a central position, are
more effective and fuller of body than when seen
from any other direction. Glimpses of these brilliant
masses obtained here and there from through or
beneath the aged but handsome Yews that adorn the
lawn, may be likened to sunset effect when caught
through banks of clouds or glades of woodland. We
would not miss them at Mampton Court for the world,
and Heaven grant that generations may pass ere any
attempt be made to replace them with Carnations or
similar hardy plants, the which, beautiful in their way,
are not more fit to create a mass of colour than is a
fat pig to run in the Derby. But there are Carna-
tions at Hampton Court, and they seem to have done
very well, but at present have not half a dozen blooms
expanded on them. Flere and there amidst other
hardy plants of vigorous habits they are in keeping,
because they give their month or so of quiet unpreten-
tious bloom, and passing away are hardly missed.
Even hardy perennials, though strong enough, do not
seem happy, or else their season of bloom — far too
short in hot weather — is over ; indeed some effort of a
temporary kind has been made to give colour and life
to these mixed beds by planting out a lot of auratum
Lilies, but the effect will be but transient.
Single Dahlias grow well, and cannot be said to
bloom indifferently, but it would be absurd to say
that they are effective. Perhaps the four sorts
employed — white, flesh, red, and maroon, the latter
being the much fancied Paragon — are not the best to
create striking results ; perhaps the plants are not
sufficiently thick, but certainly the one thing wanting
is floral effect. Curiously enough, in a big bed of
these single Dahlias there is a small irregular dropped-
in plant of a pompon kind the several flowers of
capital form and in colour red, lipped white. How
much this one plant made us sigh for a bed of these
charming little double kinds. Such a bed would for
effectiveness "knock the singlesinto a cocked hat" any
day. The bed filled with the autumn blooming white
Chrysanthemum Madame Degranges and the scarlet
Cardinal Lobelia would prove very effective were the
Chrysanthemums thicker and in bloom, but they are
late this year. A few good blue Salvias mixed in
with the Lobelias would be beautiful. There is abed
or two of scarlet Verbenas out of which grow strong
well coloured plants of Veronica Andersoni variegata,
but the carpet'is neither low nor dense enough to create
the desired effect. The dot plants want to stand out
more distinctly on a well defined dense carpet of some
contrastingcolour, the same remark applies to the varie-
gated Abulilon with which is mixed Verbena venosa.
Fewer top plants and a fuller carpet indeed prove far
more pleasing. Thus, a very nice effect is obtained
from beds of apparently small plants of the silver
variegated Maple, pegged down, forming a dense
carpet out of which thinly spring strong well-coloured
plants of Iresine Lindeni. These latter plants inter-
mixed with Manglesii Pelargonium are not so effective,
as the carpet plants are too gross in growth.
The real carpet or mosaic beds are as perfect as Ihey
can be, and admirers of this style of bedding will be
amply repaid by a visit to Cardinal Wolsey's palace
to see them. To us who are disposed to look upon them
with the most charitable eye they seem too large,
and, being totally unrelieved by top plants of any
kind, much too flat. Still they are beautifully
planted and kept, and by " the million" are much
admired. Their tenants are rather few than many.
Alternantheras in sorts and good colour, Echeveria
secunda glauca and the pretty Peacocki, Mesembry-
anthemum cordifolium variegatum, the dense green
Herniaria glabra. Golden Feather, Antennaria tomen-
tosa, &c., make up the chief effects ; and it is evident
that whilst year after year these may change places
a little in the designs they must remain monotonous
and wanting in variety. It is worth while asking our
flower gardeners whether some really novel features
in bedding may not be looked for now. As garden
visitors both at Hampton Court and elsewhere we
have had such a dose of the stereotyped carpet bedding
that we are almost tempted to paraphrase the famous
rabbit quartet, and while expressing our gratitude
exclaim We've had enough. None the less we have
no desire to see a reversion to the hardy plants
mixed bed. A little of that style of planting goes a
long way. The capabilities of our best flower gar-
deners may well be applied to designing something in
floral or foliage combination that shall at once be novel
and effective. X.
FLOORE HOUSE, WEEDON.
This, the seat of E. G. Loder, Esq., is pleasantly
situated about 8 miles from Northampton, and within
easy distance of Weedon Station, ^on the London
and North-Western line. Though of modern forma-
tion these gardens have become famous for the
rich collection of hardy flowers so enthusiastically
cultivated, particularly for the unique collection of i
hardy Cacti, which we shall notice more in detail ■
presently. There is an air of naturalness about the
whole place which strikes you, and yet, after all, you
are surrounded with many strange and frequently
peculiar features, e. g., when looking across the
meadows the graceful strutting of the emu meets
your gaze, and these recall to your memory many
strange anecdotes read and heard concerning these
remarkable creatures. They have bred pretty freely
at Floore, and yonder, perched upon a specially con-
structed rockery, is a ram from Northern Africa,
whose ancestors are blest with a wondrous history.
There he stands for hours, looking in the same
direction and motionless, with the exception of chew-
ing the cud, but we heard strange stories about his
behaviour at times. The arrangements of the whole
place are happy, everything approaching system is
objected to, and the result is a most charming place.
The bedding system is quite at a discount here, for
not one bed is planted in the orthodox way. Sub-
tropical gardening is very happily encouraged — not
by grouping a series of subjects, natives of. widely
different parts of the globe, thickly together, but by
grouping single specimens in such positions as to
ensure the best effect. On the lawn are good speci-
mens of curious Palms, Phormium tenax variegatum,
Musas, &c., and all over the place are grand speci-
mens of Musa Ensete, planted in positions where a
good background of shrubs or trees exists, and
passing round the walk leading to the church the
effect is particularly attractive, indeed, quite a tropi-
cal aspect is presented — not, as I have previously said,
by planting large groups of exotics, but by the
judicious arrangement of good specimens amongst the
shrubs and borders. In the woodlands surrounding
the house, a large number of Tree Ferns are arranged,
Cyatheas, Dicksonias, and Cibotiums, with Musas
and Palms, the trees affording the necessary shade
and protection to the Ferns, and it is surprising how
fresh and beautiful they looked : a few broken fronds
and leaves were dangling about, but these are
scrupulously preserved as materially assisting to
give a natural effect, and the idea is not very
wide of the mark although it may not be quite
in harmony with a gardener's idea of tidiness. In
these few remarks we have only roughly glanced
at the outlines of this portion of the garden, and
with limited space can do no more as the chief centre
of interest to myself are the hardy plants.
Proceeding from Weedon Station through the grass
land, at the foot of a small plantation is the bog
garden which was at one time the spot where the
entire collection existed. Several plants of interest
were noticeable here. Stokesia cyanea, just coming
into flower : a huge mass of it, quite hardy, has stood
here for years, with the thermometer below zero, and
yet the same plant is treated as half-hardy even in the
South, and indeed will not stand unprotected as far as
my experience teaches. The Bog Bean (Menyanthes
trifoliata) thrives in the wildest luxuriance, having
gained a strong foothold of the whole beds. A variety
of Lobelia fulgens, which I took for Queen Victoria,
was also growing very freely in large clumps, and had
evidently occupied the same position for some time.
This plant may be more perennial in character if treated
in the bog garden. A grand mass of Saxifraga peltata
gave testimony as to its value as a decorative plant,
the huge umbrella-like leaves being 4 feet or more
high. Telekia cordifolia was very showy, with large
capitula of brightest yellow with narrow ray-florets
and large cordate leaves, very effective in a mass as
seen here. Among Bog Ferns here established con-
spicuously were Osmunda gracilis producing dense
masses of fronds larger than I had previously seen
them ; the beautiful Onoclea sensibilis was quite at
home, and like the Bog Bean associated with nearly
all the other subjects, and the barren fronds were
simply astounding— almost making one fancy that they
were not those of the Onoclea at all.
Passing on from the bog garden towards the house,
escorted through the meadow by Mr. Shortt, who has
charge of these gardens, I was met by two or three
September 15, 1883.]
THE GARDBNERS' CHRONICLE.
331
of the emu?;, nnd my curiosity was excited as to what
they required. Did they recognise a stranger ? Un-
doubtedly ; but they were quite satisfied when Mr.
Shortt's pockets were relieved of their contents.
The long border is so called not without reason,
for it \h hard upon 400 feet long, with a variously
curved outline, and contains a marvellous host
of shrubs, perennials and annuals, all assisting to
make the border what it is— a source of interest
nearly every month of the year, especially so during
the summer months. The number of plants here
accommodated is legion, and the variety is very
great. Nether rake, nor hoe, nor spade is ever
introduced to this border, it is always hand-weeded,
and mulched with rotten manure every autumn. It
is utterly impossible to mention even a tithe of the
plants in flower within the space at our disposal, but
a few of the more conspicuous are noted. Aquilegia
californica, with long narrow scarlet and yellow
flowers on stems 3—4 feet high, was very charming,
and in these days of mongrel Columbines it was quite
a treat to see the typical form. A. corulea (true) was
most abundant in all parts of the border, although
but few were flowering so late in the season, but the
effect must be something charming when the whole
are in bloom. This is one of the special favourites at
Floore^ the majority of the plants being raised from
seeds collected by Mr. Loder in the Rocky Mountains.
There is also a plant of the lovely A. ccerulea alba,
which is extremely rare. Achillea filipendula is very
showy, with broad, flat corymbs of bright yellow
flowers and light green, graceful foliage — one of the
best of the Yarrows. Eocconia japonica, with its
panicles of deep cream coloured flowers and glaucous
foliage, is very showy in its proper place. Statice
latifolia, with immense branching heads of lavender-
blue flowers, was very showy ; and several other
species were also in flower. The grand Polemonium
Richardsoni was flowering nicely for the third time
this season, and a grand thing it is— undoubtedly the
finest of all for the border. The double scarlet
Lychnis in a large mass was very brilliant, and
growing very freely. Galtonia candicans in masses
with its towering spikes of white pendulous flowers
rising out of the surrounding greenery, was just in its
proper place. Large plants of Arnebia echioides in
full flower fully testified as to its value for border
decoration, if such were needed, Platycodon grandi-
florus, with its large deep blue Clematis-like flowers,
was very effective, and so were the different kinds
of Acanthus in flower ; these are very striking plants
when in leafage only, hut the spikes of flowers mate-
rially help to make them even more noticeable
Campanula Ilendersoni was flowering very freely ; a
large plant of it was very showy, and it has flowered
for a very long time. Astrantia major, with nearly
white heads of flowers in branched stems is very
pretty. Agapanthus umbellatus, strongly in flower,
having stood out for a few years without any other
protection than the mulching of manure — what a
grand old plant it is ! Gypsophila paniculata was
one of the showiest plants in the border, in the form
of broad spreading masses of small white flowers,
having a very light and elegant appearance. Epilo-
bium Fleischeri is perhaps the dwarfest of the
"Willow herbs," extremely free-flowering, bright
pink flowers, quite as large as those of E. Dodonaei ;
it is a very desirable plant. Sidalcea Candida, with
its pure white Malva-like flowers, is very showy.
Gaillardias, Phloxes, Campanulas, and a host of
annuals, and others, made the border very gay. And
here I must leave it, unless we stay at the very
end and peep in a small frame to find a charming
colony of the rare little hardy Echinocactus Simp-
soni — all healthy-looking — little fat spiny bodies, sur-
rounded with other lesser but obese plants. Such a
little picture is rarely met with. And now, here we
are at the fascinating Rock Garden — but where
are the rocks ? Ah, herein lies a tale, which
shall be made known — they are all, or nearly
so, beneath the surface, carefully and scientifically
arranged to suit the various subjects planted thereon,
and the whole is covered with a coaling of the
same soil, with the exception of a few large boul-
ders projecting here and there — I think not more
than three or four of them. And first of all let us
walk towards them, and see what a happy family of
Cacti are nestling beneath the shade and shelter of
the friendly rock ! " Ves, there ihey are," says Mr.
Shortt ; "and there they have stood without any
other protection when the thermometer registered 9"*
below zero, and they were frozen as hard as bricks ! "
Really, such is the statement of fact, and still how
healthy and happy they look — numerous species of
ICchinocactus, Echinocereus, and Opuntia, and some
of them are really beautiful. I cannot give a detailed
list of them, although such would be worth recording ;
I have no doubt Mr. Shortt would furnish the readers
ol the Gardeners' Chronicle with such a list. IJut
what a home they have — the overhanging rock pro-
tects them from all falling moisture in the form of
rain and snow, and they enjoy thorough drainage at
the root, consequently they are not subject to the ills
which mainly destroy succulent plants. Scrambling
over and draping these exposed boulders are many
rare and beautiful alpines, and especially noticeable at
the side was the charming Androsace lanuginosa, with
its silky silvery foliage and circular umbels of delicate
pink flowers — exactly the position for it, and it is
thriving admirably.
The rock garden is beautifully arranged and rather
extensive, the central portion is irregularly excavated,
sloping towards the level on either side ; the central
path has a very tortuous course, and numerous wind-
ing side paths lead you among the colonies of alpines,
for it must be recorded that solitary plants are by no
means common at Floore — large patches of each kind
exist in very many instances, indeed this system of
planting is carried out whenever practicable ; thus
you see broad masses of Gentians, Primulas, Pin-
guiculas, Stonecrops, House Leeks, iS:c., far too
numerous to give in detail. At the end of one side of
the rockery is a gently sloping green bank, which is
intended to represent — and an excellent representation
it is — the " South Downs," and it goes by that desig-
nation. It is carpeted with Veronica repens, and an
excellent sward it makes— deep green, very close
growing, and rising from the surface are several pretty
little Ferns and the withering stems of a large collec-
tion of hardy Orchids, native and other kinds. This
must be an extremely interesting spot during the
flowering period of these most fascinating little sub-
jects. The soil of which the miniature "South
Downs " is made is very chalky, so the requirements
of a large number of our terrestrial orchids are met,
and, judging from the appearance of the decaying
stems, they fully appreciate the position they occupy.
Among the multitudes of alpines now in flower, I
made notes upon the following. Armeria cephalotes
in broad masses and variety was extremely showy,
especially the soft pink-flowered varieties. Cyanan-
thus lobatus, with its pale green trailing shoots ter-
minated with rich blue and white funnel-shaped
flowers, was very attractive ; this very hardy alpine is
not half so widely known as it should be. Onosraa
tauricum full of bright yellow tubular flowers. -Ethio-
nema grandifloum, crowded with pink racemes of
flowers, is a very charming alpine, requiring a well-
drained spot. Coronilla iberica is the best species
under cultivation, producing deep green foliage and
racemes of bright yellow flowers in great profusion all
the summer. Veronica corymbosa, very rare and
pretty, about 6 or 8 inches high, with the flowering
shoots very freely forked at the extremities and crowded
with deep blue-purple flowers, one of the prettiest
alpines, extremely scarce ; if you order it, a corym-
bose Veronica may be received, but not the plant here
referred to. A colony of the Grass of Parnassus —
Parnassia palustris — was one of the most pleasing
features on the rockery, crowded with its beautiful
white flowers, 9 inches or more high, and so healthy
looking. Campanula Raineri is quite at home ; a
nice patch of it was in flower, showing at a glance its
distinction from C. turbinata. Pratia angulata, covered
with its charming little pure white flowers, set like
stars upon the deep coloured dwarf creeping shoots ;
this stands unprotected at Floore. Pinguicula grandi-
flora, flowering freely and very abundantly : just fancy
this gem dotted here and there just wherever it fancies
to grow, with its spreading rosettes of pale green
leaves and bright blue flowers ! The pretty Himalayan
Saxifraga dlversifolia, with branching stems carrying
bright yellow flowers — recently well represented by an
illustration in the Gardeners^ Chronicle, Arenaria
gypsophiloides is one of the prettiest species I ever
saw ; it has long narrow glaucous grass-like foliage
and dense tufts, and branching flower-stems of
while flowers about a foot high, bearing more than
a slight resemblance to the flowers of Gypsophila.
The pretty little New Zealand Daisy, Bellium rotundi-
folium ccerulescens, was full of its pale blue Daisies,
a favourite plant of mine, and I was pleased to
recognise it. But I must forbear, and make a few
remarks upon the little "wall garden " in the front of
the house ; here are a lot of gems evidently at home
in the chinks of the masonry. Asplenium Ccterach,
Trichomanes, septentrionale and germanicum,
thriving well, indeed I never saw the former more
happily established ; and here are tufts of Ramondia
pyrcnaica, at the foot and at various levels in the
wall : how well it looks, flowers and seeds ; this is a
special favourite at Floore, thriving better than I ever
saw it before. Several Saxifrages were doing well ;
S. longifolia was especially very fine, the large flat
rosettes lying close to the wall — and how pretty they
looked ; S. Burseriana was also establishing itself
with many others. This wall will eventually be a
most interesting spot, and it is a great pily many such
walls are not planted with these and similar plants.
The collection of hardy Ferns is very large and
rich, including a large number of varietal forms
of our native species, such as Athyrium filix-frcmina,
Scolopendrium vulgare, &c., many of which are ex-
tremely beautiful, but I may particularly mention the
occurrence of the rarer species of indigenous and
hardy exotic Ferns. Thus the rock Spleen wort
(Asplenium fontanum) rested happily upon a rocky
ledge, the specimen being nearly a foot across, and
with unusually large fronds ; how seldom one meets
with such a plant of this gem, but here it has stood
without any protection. Lomaria chilensis also
exists in the form of most healthy specimens, and it is
rapidly increasing. Polystichum acrostichoides has
gained quite a foothold, and is very abundant.
Struthiopteris japonica, with immense fronds, is
truly wonderful; while Adiantum pedatum is magnifi-
cent, large masses, several feet through, with very
large fronds exist, which rival in contour and grace-
fulness many occupants of our stove ferneries.
Asplenium goringianum plctum is growing freely, as
well as Aspidium vestitum var. venustum, a very
lovely Fern. Lastrea recurva, a rather scarce native
Fern, is very plentiful, producing large fronds. The
Holly Fern, Aspidium lonchitis, is quite at home, as
there are fronds 20 inches or more long and pro-
portionately wide, an unusual development under
cultivation. The Welsh Polypody, P. cambricum, is
very fine, large tufts of its bright green tufted fronds
being very pleasing.
Glancing into the frames and borders near the glass-
houses many choice odds-and-ends were noticeable —
the very rare little Asplenium Selosii, and the equally
scarce Myosotidium noblle, looking very healthy.
Gilla aggregata, with tubular flowers, so well noticed
in the Gardeners'" CJwonicle^ p. 275. Hard by this
was a charming tuft of Sempervivum Moggrldgei at
the very base of the greenhouse wall ; and what a
little picture it is, crowded with the cobweby rosettes :
a rare species is this. The Cacti in a frame are really
well worth going a long way to see. What they are
when in flower can only be appreciated when seen.
One might fill a volume with notes made at Floore ;
but enough has been said to give the readers of the
Gardeners' Chronicle an idea of the extent and
character of the collection so enthusiastically main-
tained, for Mr. Loder spares no means which tend to
give additional interest to the collection. He is
not only a most indefatigable cultivator, but a
large collector, as the contents of a series of
frames can testify, they being filled with a host of
alpines taken from the Austrian and Swiss mountains
this season, so it is difficult to surmise even what the
future of Floore will be in this respect. Visitor,
NOTES ON IRISES.
{CcHtinued Jrottt p. 232.)
4, On Some Hybrid Irises. — I find that many
have a great objection to the raising of hybrids. From
a gardening point of view this is of course wholly un-
reasonable, seeing how every year sees the birth of
hybrids more beautiful and more manageable than
their parents ; and even from a botanical point of
view the hybridist, it appears to me, deserves praise
and not blame. I will say nothing of the evidence,
gradually growing stronger, that some of the wild
forms of plants regarded by many as species are natu-
ral hybrids, and that the distinction between a verit-
able species and a hybrid is illusory. I simply ask,
What is the object of all our investigations into the
distinctive characters of plants, into their geographical
distribution, and into the proper way of classifying
them, except to understand the nature of phnts, to
find out how they came about, and what is the mean-
ing of all their diverse features? If this be so, then
every hybridisation must be most valuable, as being a
direct experimental thrust into the hidden nature of
332
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
the two parents. Every feature of a hybrid must have
previously existed latent and potential, even if not
visible, in one or other of the parents ; and, indeed,
every hybridisation may be looked upon as a trial to
see of what stuff the parents are made. Of course,
for this very reason, new hybrids are apt to throw
into confusion old classifications, and to upset many a
neat clavis : but surely this is a matter over which we
should not sorrow but rejoice exceedingly, seeing that
we are thereby saved, as it were prematurely, from a
serious error. Finding pleasure in my Irises, not
only for their beauty, but also for the lessons which
they teach, I have not hesitated for some few years
past to make numerous attempts at hybridisation, and
am already beginning to reach results which may
perhaps be interesting not only to myself but even to
my readers.
Let me first say a word about the natural seeding of
Irises. The bare plot of ground which my sarcastic
friends call my garden lies on the summit of a chalk
hill, not in the soft southern part of England, but in the
raw Eastern Counties — ahill, inconspicuous in itself, but
appearing something because it rises straight from the
flat plains of Cambridgeshire. Here without soil, with
a rainfall about the smallest in England, buffeted by
winds from every quarter, I make an heroic attempt
to grow my plants ; and they are nourished chiefly with
my tears. One advantage only I have, that I gather
nearly all the sunlight which falls in our dull clime.
I mention these things because they have probably
something to do with the fact that such plants as do
not succumb to my adverse conditions, but reward
my pains by living to flower, on the whole seed very
freely. I have already found, more than once, that
plants which with Mr. Thompson at Ipswich seed
with difliculty bear me abundant crops. I am, there-
fore, amid all my disadvantages, in favourable circum-
stances for the seeding of Irises.
In the matter of seeding, not only with me but else-
where, a great contrast may be observed between the
beardless (Apogon) and bearded (Pogoniris) forms.
With some few exceptions all the former seed freely,
I mean without any artificial fertilisation ; all the
latter, with some few exceptions, seed scantily. At
first sight there seems to be a final cause for this.
The bearded Irises are in nearly all cases provided
with a thick fleshy rhizome, which may be knocked
about, cut to pieces, transferred from place to place,
dried up, and, in fine, may suffer all manner of indig-
nities without losing its life. Thus the chances of
prolonging the individual life are much greater, and
hence the necessity of reproducing itself by seed much
less than with the beardless Irises, whose fibrous roots
are in the majority of cases devoid of a distinct fleshy
rhizome, and thus far more liable to destruction. But
this view is negatived by the facts that the bulbous
Irises (Xiphion) — (for a bulb is as good a protection as,
or even a better one than a rhizome) — seed quite freely
in most cases, and that the Onocyclus group (I. susi-
ana, &c.), which are rhizomatous, and indeed most
markedly so, seed quite freely, as far as my small expe-
rience goes, if placed under favourable circumstances.
Moreover, it seems strange that the bearded Irisei
should be the ones which do not seed, seeing that in
them the arrangements for insect fertilisation, such as
the complex beard, &c., are much more elaborate,
and the flowers are, as a rule, more handsome and con-
spicuous than is the case with the beardless Irises. And
there is no evidence that, either in my region or in the
rest of England, insects suitable for fertilising the
bearded Irises are much less common than those
suited for fertilising the beardless ones. I am inclined
to think that the actual reason why the beardless
Irises seed so freely is because, in some way or other,
and for some reason or other, they have learnt the
practice of self-fertilisation. I say learnt, because
the arrangement of anther and stigma is in them, as
in all Irises, opposed to selffertilisation, and we are,
therefore, led to believe that the Iris in its beginning
Was a plant which did not fertilise itself; on the
other hand, it is quite open for us to suppose that the
power has been preserved rather^than acquired. At all
events, I think I have evidence, though not yet suf-
ficiently exact and extensive to be insisted upon, that
these beardless Irises can fertilise themselves, even
each stigma with its own underlying pollen ; and it is
perhaps worthy of remark that in many forms, such
as I. spuria, I. longipetala. Sec, the anther is fre-
quently so long as to project beyond and above the
stlgmatic surface, and thus the pollen from the top
part of the anther readily falls on its own stigma.
The bearded Irises, on the other hand, as far as
my observations will allow me to judge, are not
capable of self-fertilisation ; when they go to seed
it is because the stigma has received the pollen
of another flower. This is all very tedious, I hear
some one say ; and yet every one, I venture to
think, loving at first a group of plants for their
beauty only, will sooner or later find himself entangled
and interested in questions of this kind. Besides,
such matters are not without practical importance ;
for instance, in attempting to hybridise the beardless
Irises much more careful precautions have to be taken
than is necessary with the bearded forms.
It is with certain hybrids of the bearded group that
I wish to deal now. As I said above, these, at least
the native wild forms, very rarely seed naturally. But
there are exceptions. Thus, among the dwarf forms,
while the true I. pumila rarely goes to seed, I.
chamseiris, and the allied I. italica, I. olbiensis,
&c., seed freely. With the taller common garden
forms seeding is much less common. I. pallida is the
one perhaps most prone to seed, and next come some
forms of variegata. I. germanica often produces
pods, but rarely affords ripe, well-tormed seeds. I
have occasionally had a pod from I flavescens, but I
have never seen I. florentina so much as even begin
to swell its pods. And the results of artificial fertili-
sation either with proper or with foreign pollen follow
in much the same order. I have found no great diffi-
culty in getting large, turgid pods, well filled with
good seed, from I. pallida and I. variegata ; with I.
germanica the ovary swells and becomes a pod, but
rarely gives sound seed ; and the same with I. flaves-
cens ; while every one of the many attempts I have
made to fertilise I, florentina have resulted in com-
plete failure.
These facts make me feel inclined to believe that the
going to seed or not going to seed is determined
much more by the inherent intrinsic capacities of the
plants than by the mere fact whether or no pollen has
been brought, by insects or otherwise, upon the
stigma. That the form of the Iris flower is adapted
to insect fertilisation cannot be denied. Indeed,
Sprengel states that he was originally led to his views
of insect fertilisation by observations on the Spanish
Iris (I. xiphium). This is a beardless form ; but the
beard seems only an additional contrivance to insect
fertilisation. On the one hand it is a more con-
spicuous signal than the coloured blotch on the beard-
less Iris ; on the other it seems to be of mechanical
use, for, as I have actually observed, a bee tries to
walk over the beard into the funnel of the flower, and
in so doing repeatedly brushes the stigma with its
back. Admirably adapted as the flower seems, how-
ever, yet the occurrence of fertilisation does not seem
to be in any direct relation to insect visits. I have
not been able to make as yet any close or careful
observations, but as far as I have hitherto seen I. ger-
manica or florentina is as much visited by bees {or
other insects) as pallida and variegata, and such of
these creatures as are about in the spring seem as
fond of visiting I. pumila, which rarely goes to seed,
as the other dwarf Irises which seed freely. Nor does
the quantity of pollen afforded by the anthers appear
to be a very important factor ; lor several Irises which
have abundant pollen do not seed freely, while on the
other hand I have repeatedly seen scanty pollen dis-
tinctly efficacious.
As is well known, there are many tall bearded Irises
cultivated in our gardens which do not occur anywhere
in a wild state. Some of them, such as I. aphylla, or I.
plicata, I. Swerti, I. neglecta, are of very old stand-
ing, and have been admitted by Mr. Baker as species.
Besides these there are an immense number of forms,
generally spoken of in the nurserymen's catalogues as
varieties of I. germanica. I have no doubt at all
that I. plicata, oraphylla, and I. Swerti are derivatives
from I. pallida ; and moreover, I am inclined to think
that they are hybrids and not simply intrinsic varieties.
I. neglecta, for reasons which I will state presently, I
believe to be a hybrid. The nurserymen's varieties of
I. germanica are derivatives from I. pallida, I. squa-
lens, I. variegata, I. sambucina, I. lurida, and I.
flavescens ; and my friend Mr. Peter Barr, in his
catalogue, makes a very praiseworthy attempt to
classify them as varieties of these several species. I
believe that all these garden forms also are in ulti-
mate origin hybrids, though the products of the first
hybridisation probably varied largely afterwards ; and
into the large number of forms so far known to me the
blood of I. germanica proper, and of I. florentina
enters to a very slight degree if at all.
I have spoken of these supposed hybrids as subse-
quently varying, that is, giving seedling varieties,
because in the genus Iris, as so often in other plants,
the hybrids, so far from being sterile, appear to
seed even more freely than their parents. So much
has this now become impressed on my mind, that
in the case of any bearded Iris of unknown origin,
the fact of its seeding freely would be to me an indica-
tion of its being a hybrid. Under the name of I.
pumila affinis I received some time ago from my friend
Mr. Max Leichtlin a handsome dwarf Iris, which he
found in the Botanic Gardens at Vienna, and the
origin of which was unknown. He supposed it to be
a hybrid, and I am inclined to think that he is right,
and that its parents are I. pumila and some such form
as I. italica. This plant seeds with even troublesome
profusion. Messrs. Haage & Schmidt distribute a
somewhat dwarf Iris which they speak of as a hybrid
between I. pumila and I. olbiensis. I am inclined to
regard this also as a hybrid, though I very much doubt
the particular parentage given ; it, too, seeds most
profusely. Similarly I. neglecta and many of the tall
garden Irises spoken of above seed on the whole more
freely than any native tall kinds, except perhaps I.
pallida. M. Foster, Shelford, Aug., 18S3.
{To he cotiltnued.')
EPPING FOREST.
On entering the Forest from the Chingford railway
station the prospect for the botanist is anything but
an encouraging one, for with the treading of the thou-
sands of people that visit it and the grazing of cattle,
there is not even the variety of vegetation to be met
with in an ordinary cultivated field. Passing the
Royal Forest Hotel, however, on the left, one begins
to meet with low tangled bushes and scrub, which
prove to be a prevailing feature in many of the opener
parts. This consists in great part of Prunus spinosa,
Rubus discolor, Rosa arvensis, Cornus sanguinea, and
many similar subjects which are the common occu-
pants of the wastes and thickets in many of the
southern counties of the island. These thorny bushes
act as a conservative force against the depredations of
grazing animals, and aff'ord protection for such things
as Silaus pratensis, Pimpinella saxifraga, Caucalis
anthriscus, Belonica officinalis, and Agrimonia Eupa-
toria, which, if not all ornamental plants, are at least
interesting as showing the character of the vegetation
under the existing circumstances. If left in an un-
molested state there is no doubt the aspect would be
entirely changed in the course of a few years.
The twining stems of Tamus communis are now
heavily laden with fruit in a green state, presently to
become red as it matures. Ononis spinosa, with
flowers in varying shades of purple and violet, fading
almost to white, occupies broad isolated patches in
the open, demonstrating that when once established
it becomes a spreading colony able to take care of
itself. Bidens tripartita, growing by the margins of
streams, is possibly the least ornamental or attractive
of British Composites, while Rumex sanguineus
becomes showy from the deep red tubercle on the
fruit. Pedicularis sylvatica still persists in sending up
a few of its beautiful red flowers j and P. palus-
tris, although not in flower, is noticeable for its
pretty tufts of finely divided leaves. Pulicaria dysen-
terica, designated by some authorities Inula, is by no
means a despicable plant for the herbaceous border
where the soil is sufficiently moist to favour its proper
development.
Although all these plants are tolerably common, or
familiar to those acquainted with British botany, yet
the considerable variety of soil, and its condition as to
moisture throughout the 12 or 13 miles over which
the forest extends in length, presents a diversified
flora adapted to all these varying conditions for which
their natures are suited. In dry bushy places, where
the intervening vegetation is generally low, the
bright-eyed Euphrasia officinalis studs the grass in a
charming manner. So variable is this plant in size
and shape of the leaves that some authors describe
many of the forms as distinct species. Typha lati-
folia, growing in springy and boggy places, is a bold
and distinct looking plant, that should occupy a place
on the margin of every pond, where the black cylin-
drical flower-spikes are productive of fine effect.
Towards High Beech the interesting but by no
means decorative plant. Verbena officinalis, makes its
appearance. Although formerly used in medicine,
besides being an object of superstitious regard, it is
by the moderns almost suffered to pass unnoticed.
In the same neighbourhood Peplis portula and Ana-
September 15, 1883,]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
333
gallis tenella carpet the ground in moist places in a
loose and straggling manner. The former is notice-
able for its small and extremely fugacious petals,
making it difficult to obtain characters to determine
its generic position, while the latter is well known
for its conspicuous and truly ornamental flowers. It
seems to be a more widely distributed plant than it
generally gets credit for. The small Furze, Ulex
nanus, now in full bloom, grows plentifully in the
immediate vicinity of the common one. Stray speci-
mens of Erythrcea centaurium are to be met with.
This seems a plant that varies] considerably, accord-
ing to position and circumstances, being dwarf and
stout in exposed places, while here, under the direct
action of shade, it is comparatively slender, and
attains a height of iS inches, with broad cymose
umbels of flowers. Genista anglica occurs abundantly
in many heathy and bushy places, and having finished
its season's growth, presents an entirely dii^erent
appearance from that in spring, when its spiny
branches are leafless, or nearly so. On the slopes of
the forest towards Loughton it is accompanied by
G. tinctoria, which latter, however, is a much less
common plant. Both are now in fruit. The ground
here is beautifully carpeted underneath the pollarded
trees with the common Heath (Calluna vulgaris)
interspersed in a pleasant manner with many of the
above mentioned plants and great quantities of
Melampyrum pratense, with its curious pale yellow
flowers. Sison amomum, affecting the hedge banks,
is a rather uncommon Umbellifer, noticeable for its
nauseous smell, small white flowers, and its slender,
profusely branching habit. Y.
POTATO DISEASES.
Peziza postuma, Berk, and Wils. — In describing
the common Potato disease in 1S46 the Rev. Mr.
Berkeley called attention to a " sclerotium " found in
the Potato stalks. After detailing the effects of the
Peronospora on the various parts of the haulm, he
observes : — " The stem now rapidly putrefies, the
cuticle and its subjacent tissue become pulpy, and
separate when touched from the woody parts beneath.
The whole soon dries up, and in many instances
exhibits in the centre the black, irregular fungoid
masses which are known under the name of Sclero-
tium varium, and which are believed to be the myce-
lium of certain moulds in a high state of condensation."
The point in this description to which I would direct
attention is that which implies that the stem was in a
putrefying state before the sclerotium began to make
its appearance.
h In the Gardeners^ Chronicle of Aug. 28, 18S0, p. 264,
Mr. Worthington G. Smith describes *' a new form of
disease in Potatos." Mr. Ambrose Balfe, Secretary
to the Royal Horticultural Society of Ireland, had
sent him diseased Potato haulms from the West of
Ireland, and these Mr. Smith figures and explains in
a way to which almost nothing can be added. The
reader is referred to this paper and its illustrations.
The haulms were infested with Sclerotium varium.
In Nature of July 19, 1883, appeared a note (p. 281)
from data supplied by Natiiren detailing the
ravages of "a hitherto unknown form of the Potato
disease, which had been making slow but steady pro-
gress near Stavanger during the last ten or twelve
years." Herr Anda had discovered in the Potato
stalks fungoid growths of the size of a small Bean. It
is stated that " while the fungus is rapidly increasing
at the expense of the plant, the interior of the stem is
first reduced to a pulpy condition, and next shrivelled
and hollowed out, until nothing remains but a mere
outer shell, which breaks down on being touched."
In Nature of July 26, 18S3, Mr. W. G. Smith
pointed out that the disease described by Herr Anda is
the same that he had described in the Gardeners^
Chronicle. Herr Anda had seen the sclerotia germinate
as " small stalked fruits filled with minute spores,"
and Mr. Smith regrets that he had not got the fungus
identified.
On April 7 I beat out about a quarter of a pound of
S. varium from dry Potato stalks. They varied in size
from the dot of an *' i " to half an inch in length. On
April 18 I put a number of them to germinate on wet
cloth in a broken jar under an inverted flower-pot.
By May 24 a few of them had thrown out one or more
short stalks.
Another set laid on wet cloth on May 29 showed a
similar amount of germination by June 12. On June
21 one stalk of the sclerotia first laid down had
developed a little cup at the apex, about a tenth of an
inch in diameter, and the same in depth. I did not
venture to dissect it in case no more should appear ;
but I saw that it was probably a Peziza. A good
few more soon began to develope small cups.
On July 30, in the place where the Potato stalks
had lain in the garden all the winter, and in which I
knew that many sclerotia were mixed with the soil,
now bearing Potatos, I found a little Peziza growing
in great numbers amongst the Potato stalks. On
digging some specimens up they were found to be
attached to sclerotia, some of which were still
inside of bits of old Potato stalks. No doubt, there-
fore, remained that this new Peziza was the perfect
fruit of Sclerotium varium. I announced the fact in
Nature (Aug. 9, 18S3) in connection with the cor-
respondence in that journal. On the following week,
however, Professor Blytt, referring to Mr. W. G.
Smith's communication, states that he had sent speci-
mens of this sclerotium to Professor De Bary, who
had informed him that he had cultivated the sclerotia
with success, and had found that they belonged to
Peziza sclerotiorum (Lib.)
I had sent specimens of the naturally grown Peziza
to Mr. Berkeley, who named it Peziza postuma, and
kindly wrote the annexed diagnosis : — " Sclerotigera,
stipite erecto vel tortuoso pallido, cupula cyathi-
formi expansa ochracea."
In the illustration (fig. 50) A represents artificial
germination, in which the stalks grow straight j B, c,
and D are specimens naturally grown in earth, the
stalks being rendered tortuous by obstructions in the
soil. The stalks are sometimes four or more inches in
Fig. so. — PEZIZA postuma, berk, and wils.
A, Artificial cultivation of Sclerotium varium, n. s. ; B, c, D,
Natural growth of Sclerotium varium in the soil, n. s. ; B,
Asci, sporidia, paraphyses, X 380.
length, corresponding with the depth of the sclero"
tium ; the cup being developed close to the surface of
various diameters up to about half an inch. The
ascus contains eight sporidia of an ovoid form, and
showing two or more granules. The asci average
about .15 mm. in length, the sporidia measuring
.01 by .005 mm. The sporidia are disseminated, as
I have observed a good many times, like a puff of
smoke, and thus get scattered over all parts of the
Potato stalk.
Now, if a part of the life of this Peziza is truly para-
sitic and destructive of the life of the host plant, it as-
sumes a high economic importance ; while if no part
is parasitic, the importance is very much diminished.
In Claviceps purpurea, that part of the life of the
fungus which is passed in producing the' ergot or
sclerotium, is truly parasitic. The sporidia alight
upon some part of the living grass flower, and in the
production of the sclerotium the organs of fructification
in the host are destroyed. And if it shall be found to
be the case that the sporidia of this Peziza begin to
produce sclerotia in the living tissue of the Potato
stalk, the Potato plant has a real enemy to contend
with. It is stated by Herr Anda (Nature, July 19,
iSS^) that "the end of July or beginning of August is
the time when the ravages of the fungus are most con-
spicuous, and at those periods whole fields of Potato
plants are often rapidly reduced to the condition of
withered straw." It is evidently implied here that
the fungus is truly parasitic, and destroys the Potato.
So far as the production of S, varium on and in Potato
stalks has appeared here, that production has rather
seemed to follow the decay of the stalks consequent
on the common disease, than to initiate decay itself;
but further and more minute observation seems neces-
sary to determine this most important point. I( the
sclerotia are truly parasitic, we have an easy means of
the cure of this disease in the burning of the haulms.
where alone the reproductive bodies hybernate. A.
Stephen Wilson, North Kinmundy, Aberdeen.
COLONIAL NOTES.
Cape Town Botanic Gardens.— This establish-
ment might be of the greatest service to the colony
by the introduction of useful and ornamental plants,
and by carrying out preliminary experiments such as
private individuals have, as a rule, neither time, means,
inclination, nor capacity to undertake. It might very
materially add to the knowledge of the flora of South
Africa and of its resources, and whatever benefits it
received from the home country it might readily recip-
rocate. From the report before us we learn that the
garden is thoroughly crippled in its means of doing
good, not only by the beggarly sum allotted to it from
the Government, but even more by the radically vicious
system of being made dependent for its income, to a
large extent, on the sale of plants to local plant buyers.
Quantities of plants of no special botanical or economic
value have to be raised for commercial purposes, and
thus the garden is made, without adequate provision
of capital or business connection, to enter the lists
against local nurserymen, who may on their part well
complain that their legitimate business, for which they
have, or are supposed to have, special facilities, is
interfered with. By this absurd system both parties
are prevented from doing the work for which each is
respectively fitted, while the proper work of the
Botanic Garden is proportionately neglected. With
reference to the Orchids it is pointed out that a supply
of European peat is necessary, and " it becomes a
question whether the Government could not permit an
importation of this material, the Phylloxera proclama-
tion notwithstanding. The possibility of introducing
the dreaded Vine pest in peat fibre from Darlmoor is
as remote as its introduction in cocoa-nut fibre from
Ceylon. It is surely one of the curiosities of legisla-
tion that this substance is excluded, while packing
straw from the neighbourhood of the infested French
vineyards enters unquestioned."
As to this point, the only good that we see is that
by prohibiting the importation of peat, the gardeners
at the Cape will be obliged to look at home for a sub-
stitute, natural or artificial, and we are loth to believe
that such substitute may not be found. The Director,
Mr. Macowan, speaks in warm terms of the ability
and tact of the head gardener, Mr. H. Chalwin, and
his assistants ; but " the garden must make money the
first consideration, must sell anything that bears a
price, condescend to the arts of advertising, tout here
and there for custom, and jostle competing tradesmen
out of that they live by. Sales diminish as one clever
gardener after another quits the employ and starts a
business for himself. To these rivals accrue many
advantages denied to the garden. They can cultivate
from a purely commercial point of view, and have no
public pleasaunce to keep in scrupulous trimness by
daily unproductive labour."
In the case of all such gardens the questions arise,
are they wanted or are they not ? If they are — and
their existence shows that they are — then for what
purposes are they required ? If for what we may term
the proper uses of a botanic garden, the furtherance
of botanical science and its applications to practical
utility, and especially the development of the resources
of the colony, then, undoubtedly, the Colonial Govern-
ments should afford adequate means for their support,
and take reasonable care to see that the money is
properly spent. If, in addition to these, the primary
objects of a botanic garden, it be desired also to make
it into a pleasure ground, there can be no objection
so long as the requisite means — in this case much
larger — are forthcoming. We are aware that some
are of opinion that no attempt should be made to mix
up in one establishment science and practical botany
with ornamental gardening and the maintenance of a
pleasure ground. This is not entirely our view. We
think that if proper precautions be taken to prevent
the interference of idlers, free access on the part of
the public is desirable in the interest of the director
and of the garden. The public sees what is being
done, learns to sympathise with and appreciate the
labours of the authorities, and has the satisfaction of
334
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
seeing what is "being done with its money," or, if
dissatisfied, it has the means of bringing pressure to
bear to rectify what may be amiss. If the public is
satisfied with the efforts made for its pleasure, it will
not grudge the outlay made on other departments,
the immediate objects of which it cannot perhaps
appreciate, and the beneficial results of which must
necessarily be looked for in the future rather than in
the present.
Natal. — The report of the Botanic Gardens for
the year 1882-83 is before us, from which it appears
that, after a chequered history, an attempt has been
made to place the gardens on a better footing.
Government aid has been furnished, and public sub-
scriptions and donations received. The gardens con-
sist of 50 acres, near Durban. The observatory has
been established in the gardens, and of horticultural
works a conservatory, fernery, curator's office, and
gardener's house have been built. The main objects
are "not only to afford a place of resort to the bur-
gesses of Durban and visitors to the town, but also to
make the gardens a nursery for the propagation of
plants, shrubs, and trees throughout the colony, and
to secure the introduction, in constant and continuous
supply, of foreign specimens upon the principle of
exchange." The ground is laid out in blocks, a
register being kept of the plants in each block, as
well as an alphabetical list of the plants with numbers
and letters indicating their position in the blocks.
Mr. J. Medley Wood is the curator,
A useful addition to the report is the abstract of
meteorological observations for the year, from which
we learn that the lowest reading of the thermometer
in the shade was 47°, in July ; the highest 95", in
October. The lowest temperature on the grass was
38°, in June and in July; the highest on the grass 60°,
in January. The mean temperature in the shade for
the year wa^ 68° 8 ; the total rainfall 36"i inches, the
wettest months being January, April, May, October,
and December. In June scarcely any rain fell, and
no large amount in the other months.
FOI^ESTr^Y,
The International Forestry Exhibition. —
We learn that the Queen has graciously accorded her
Royal patronage to the International Forestry Exhi-
bition to be held in Edinburgh next year. From the
prospectus, which has just been printed, it appears
that the exhibition will be organised under nine
classes. In Class I., " Practical Forestry, " will be
exhibited implements, tools, &c., used in forestry,
draining and enclosing ; models of foresters' huts,
charcoal kilns, and timber slips ; plans of river em-
bankments, rafts, and appliances for floating timber ;
models of machinery for transporting timber and
transplanting trees; sawmills, woodworking; and pulp
machinery of every description, and fencing materials.
Class II., "Forest Produce," will embrace collections
of timber specimens and ornamental woods, woods
used for ordnance, for railway purposes, and for
pavements, cooperage, wood carving, and turnery ;
basket and wicker work, fancy woodwork, wood
engraving, tanning and dyeing substances, barks, in
eluding cork, fibres and fibrous substances, materials
for paper manufacture, gums, resins, wood-oils, and
varnishes, i&c. Under ClassIII., "ScientificForestry,"
will be ranked botanical specimens of forest flora,
microscopic sections of woods, fungi, and lichens in-
jurious to trees, forest fauna injurious to woods, useful
and noxious insects, preservative processes applied
to timber, geological specimens and diagrams illus-
trating the different formations adapted to the
growth of trees, fossil plants, and trees found in bogs.
Class IV., "Ornamental Forestry," will consist of
growing specimens of rare and ornamental trees and
naturalised species, in tubs or otherwise ; rustic work,
arbours, seats, bridges, lS:c. To Class V., "Illustra-
tive Forestry," will be relegated paintings, photo-
graphs, and drawings of remarkable and historical
trees, foliage and scenery, illustrations showing the
effects of blight, accident, or any abnormal conditioi?,
and sketches of work and operations in the forests.
In Class VL, " Forest Literature and History," will
be found reports of forest schools, forest periodicals
and other publications, treatises on measuring and
valuing woods, forest floras of different countries,
treatises on fixation of dunes and on ancient and ex-
tinct forests, working plans of forests and plantations
on estates, valuations, surveys, &c. ; maps and charts
illustrative of the geographical distributions of forest
trees and their altitude. Under Class VII. will
come essays and reports on specific subjects, for
which premiums are offered ; under Class VIII.
loan collections, and under Class IX. miscellaneous
exhibits.
|)rcl|td loli^fs and Ikairlnp.
Orchids at Walton Grange, Stone. —
Amongst those who in recent years have been
engaged in the fascinating pursuit of Orchid growing
must be included Mr. Thompson, who is now in
possession of an extensive and extremely well managed
collection, especially of the cooler kinds, of which
Odontoglossums and Masdevallias may be taken as
the representatives, in the rarest and best varieties of
which the collection abounds, filling several houses
of considerable size. The principal house, some
75 feet in length, with an east aspect, has a wide stage
in front, containing some thousands of plants, amongst
which Odontoglossums are the chief feature ; here
there is a double row, running the entire length, of
specimens, mostly O. crispum, which it would not be
easy to surpass, taking size, condition, and variety
into account ; many of them are plants obtained from
the early importations collected by Chesterton, they
are in excellent order, with big bulbs and the
healthiest of foliage, and from the fact that many of
these plants have from four to seven or eight breaks
each, some idea may be formed of the sight they will
afford in the principal blooming season. Even at the
present time there are hundreds of spikes coming on
or in flower, amongst which were some beautiful
forms. With these are quantities of smaller plants in
equally good condition. In an adjoining house v^ere
some large healthy examples of O. vexillarium,
including a good many of the autumn flowering
variety ; here also was the pretty Dendrobium James-
ianum. Of Epidendrum vitellinum a fine highly
coloured form was in flower. Dendrobium Fal-
coneri thrives freely here amongst the Odontoglos-
sums, Masdevallias, and Epidendrums. In another
house were several plants of the scarce Lycasle
Skinneri alba, and a large stock of L^elia anceps, with
which was a fine piece of L. anceps Daw-
soni, L. autumnalis is well represented, including
the beautiful variety L. autumnalis rubellum
(Backhouse's variety). Another house is devoted
to the warmer section, such as Cypripediums,
Dendrobiums, and the like. Amongst these the
Dendrobiums particularly seem at home — D.
Wardianum, D. crassinode, and the beautiful D.
superbiens : the latter has three or four bulbs 2 feet
long. Of the new and distinct species there are several
plants growing away nicely, also a nice selection of
Cattleyas. A considerable number of Masdevallias
are dispersed amongst the Odontoglossums in flower
already noticed, in this way both these beautiful and
distinct looking flowers are seen to advantage, the
intensely high colours of the Masdevallias enhancing
the purity of those of the Odontoglossums. In addi-
tion to these there is a small house filled with Masde-
vallias, including the best kinds, many of which are
represented by large plants, such as the Bull's blood
variety of M. [Harryana, that has some fiftty bulbs,
which, with the big healthy leaves, are a foot long.
In a lofty span-roofed house, with a wall on one side
running to the eave of the roof, evidently intended for
a conservatory, and high enough for a two-storey
dwelling, are a quantity of Phalsenopsis thriving in
the best possible manner. I mention the form of
house, for it is just the sort of structure which might
be looked upon as a first-rate killing place for these or
any other plants requiring plenty of light ; the body
of the structure is filled with Palms and similar
things, and the Phala;nopsis are hung up over them
close to the roof, where they are near the light.
This, and the fact that so situated they are under the
influence of a continual movement in the atmosphere,
with a lower temperature during the season of rest
than is existent in low, confined houses, is no doubt
the secret of their well-doing. There are quantities of
the different forms of P. grandiflora, P. amabilis, P.
SchiUeriana, P. rosea, and others, without a trace of
spot or disease of any kind, each succeeding year's
leaves getting double the size of those that have been
made the season previous ; beyond this the substance
in the leaves is such as insures their ability to last,
upon which so much depends the increase in size and
health of the plants. Here, at all events, is a lesson
in Orchid growing, showing what may be done under
the difficulties of an unsuitable house when there is
the requisite loresight to place the plants in the best
position for their well-being— a course that is by no
means so generally followed as it might be with
plants of all kinds grown under glass, as well as
Orchids. T. B.
Phaius (} Thunia) albus var. flavotinctus,
N. E. B. — This is a slight variety, differing from the
type, in having the middle area of the front part of
the lip of a light yellow, and only the tips of the veins
on the borders of the lips purple. The poUinia are
eight in number as in the type, or (as Professor
Reichenbach objects to call them eight) four bipartite
poUinia, which comes to the same thing. The
specimen was communicated by Mr, Reginald Young,
of Liverpool. N. E, Brown,
Mr. Hollington's Orchids. — The collection at
Forty Hill, Enfield, is accommodated in a snug nest of
houses sheltered by trees and situated in a retired part
of the extensive and pretty natural garden, through
which the New River flows. Every Orchid collec-
tion contains special things specially well done, and
those which occupy the place of honour in Mr. A. J.
Hollington's establishment are the Phalcenopsis, the
Odontoglossums, and the Lselia autumnalis ; and as
these are in the grandest health it will be well to note
how they are managed. The Phalsenopsis are in rude
health ; they occupy a span-roofed house iS feet by 35
feet, which from its position near to the trees and within
3 feet, of a high wallisnecessarilysheltered and shady ;
but this natural shade is not relied upon, for the house
is also furnished with roller blinds, as shade is
thought here to be an important matter in the cul-
ture of the Phalsenopsis. The heating is provided for
by hot-water pipes, as well as by a very large iron
tank, which occupies the whole of the space under
the staging on the right-hand side of the house. The
heated water in this tank, by giving oft' moisture in
proportion as its temperature is increased or decreased,
always keeps up an even temperature in the house, in
which the heat and moisture are balanced. The great
bulk of heated water in the tank also serves as a
safeguard against sudden falls in the temperature
consequent on the unavoidable changes in the strength
of the fire — a matter which is of great importance
in the culture of PhaI.enopsids. While in many col-
lections good results are being shown by giving these
plants a spell in the cool house in summer, those at
Forty Hill are grown on the old lines — never less than
6s°Fahr. in winter, and from 70° toSs" in summer ; and
so treated they seem to grow amazingly, each leaf being
larger than the preceding so far : the blooming also is
very satisfactory, some fine spikes of SchiUeriana,
Stuartiana, Sanderiana, &c., having passed off, and
are now succeeded by hundreds of magnificent blooms
of P. amabilis and P. grandiflora. The specimens on the
stages are grown in the tall, upright cylinders which
seem now to be considered the correct thing for these
plants, and those suspended are in the ordinary
baskets. Perhaps the most important matter affecting
the plants in this house is that day and night, summer
and winter, there is air on, as two wire-covered traps,
2 feet by I foot, in the back wall, are always open. No
danger arises from this even in hard frost, however, as
the air passes into the house through the narrow space
between the hot-water tank and the wall, and so the
cold air is tempered immediately. Many an Orchid
grower would be proud to see his Phalsenopsis
doing so well as the plants are here,
Lcelia autumnalis and its variety atrorubens
are grown in great quantity, and are in fine order in
an airy span-roofed house. They are now sending up
spikes, many of them as stout as an ordinary lead-
pencil. The secret of growing these is to put them in
baskets, and suspend them close to the glass, and
never to let them shrivel for want of water. In
baskets in anything like a good house they take care of
themselves, whereas in pots the house in which they
are grown must be very suitable, and even then they
are a good deal of trouble. The same applies to all
the short-bulbed Lslias. The Odontoglossums are
grown cool, and are contained in two very large
houses and one smaller one. The first is filled
with thousands of proved varieties of 0. Alex-
andra and O. Pescatorei, and representatives of all
the leading kinds ; the second is a large, very flat-
roofed span, in which the small plants and impor-
tations are kept ; and the third contains varieties on
trial. They are all in remarkably good health, the
large masses of Oncidium macranthum, which are
throwing up spikes at the end of the large cold house,
and the large plants of Epidendrum vitellinum in
flower, being particularly fine. Lycaste Skinneri,
which occupies the greater part of a large house, is
doing well ; the plants are grown moist, and in the
same temperature as that in which Mr. Lee succeeds
in getting such grand blooms, viz., about 5° warmer
than the Odontoglossum-house. Smaller houses are
also devoted to Odontoglossum vexillarium, O. citros-
mum, Ccelogynes, Dend robes, &.C., most of which
are either good or improving; and the plans lor
the future comfort of his Orchids and the improve-
ment of the garden will keep their owner busy for a
long time.
September 15, 1883.)
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
335
jjlaiitfs and [\\m\ tultuiit
Stovks.— It will not be advisable to continue the
use of blinds as a shading medium during bright
sunshine after this date. Benelit will rather be
derived from exposure than otherwise as having a
tendency to harden the foliage and ripen the growths
of the season. Where the blinds are annually taken
oir the roof in the autumn and stored away for the
winter, the first drying day should be taken advantage
of to secure them in a favourable condition. If
whiting or other material has been used in lieu of
blinds, this should be washed off as soon as possible,
not leaving it to chance removal by heavy rains.
Where there is any accumulation of dirt or vegetable
matter on the glass of the interior of the house the time
will be well spent on a wet day in removing the same
and in the washing of pots and otherwise cleansing the
house before the plants that are at present in other
houses are again brought back into the stove for
safety during the winter months. Whilst this work
is about look over the hot-water piping, and if any
joints are faulty or show a tendency for leaking, have
them seen to at once whilst the fires can with safety
be left out for a night or two without much harm
being done. It is far better to have such jobs seen
to early, than to defer them till extra pressure is put
upon the piping to maintain the required temperature,
resulting oftentimes in a breakdown at a critical
time.
Continue to close the stove early in the afternoon,
so as to shut in as much sun-heat as possible to econo-
mise the firing ; at the same time give a good damp-
ing down and freely syringe the foliage section, Cro-
tons in particular. Those plants in bloom that have a
tendency to lose their blossoms prematurely through
damp should not be syringed overhead indiscrimin-
ately. Vincas in particular are very liable to damp
otT, one decaying flower oftentimes spoiling two or
three buds ; these plants should be looked over every
day for the removal of faded blooms. Dipladenias
and Rondeletias, with the Ixoras, will also need
attention in the same manner, though not quite so
often. Do not yet withhold water from any Alla-
mandas, Clerodendrons, or BougainviUeas that bid
fair to give a continuance of bloom during the next
three or four weeks ; the yield they will give in flower
will well repay the keeping of them in a growing
state. Some of the stock of Euchatis should be
induced to throw up a crop of spikes now ; these
will come in useful after the first frosts destroy the
greater part of the outdoor supply. We have them
now in various stages, from the developed spike down
to those just pushing through the soil, with others
not yet showing bloom. Gardenias that have been
kept in a cooler house for a time will, if placed in a
brisk heat, put forth some blooms that can be turned
to a good account when choice flowers are rather
scarce. The second crop of bloom on TabernKmon-
tana coronaria flore-pleno will be useful now for cut
purposes, and if a little extra heat be given it the
flowers will open all the better (or this assistance.
Give all due attention to the stock of winter bloom-
ing plants that wdl succeed the beforementioned sub-
jects, most of which will be all the better if kept in an
intermediate temperature with a drier atmosphere for
a few weeks longer. Then when taken into more heat
a greater impetus will be given them in the produc-
tion of bloom. Do not let Poinsettias or Euphorbias
fall often below 55° or they will suffer at the root
with a consequent loss of foliage. We have a stock of
Begonia Knowsleyana raised from seed sown last
spring that bids fair to be most useful ; they are now
opening their flowers, the plants are stocky, of short
growth yet vigorous, and promise an abundant
bloom. This method seems preferable to propaga-
tion from cuttings, the plants being more branching
in habit. B. insignis could no doubt be managed
well under the same treatment. Centropogon Lucianus
can be well grown in company with the Begonias in
a "dry airy pit. Thyrsacanthus rutilans from cuttings
this season must be well established by this time to
obtain successful results, they will do with the
Begonias for the present. The Plumbagos for the
winter had better be in the stove proper by this time,
the same with Aphelandra aurantiaca Roezlii, keep-
ing this latter plant near the glass. Some of the
stock of Scutellarias might be introduced into a little
more heat, their showy heads of bloom will be handy
for cut purposes. Amaryllis aulica where showing
bloom may also be kept a bit warmer ; do not let
any moisture lodge in the crown of the plant to injure
the coming spike. Urceolina pendula will soon be
showing bloom if they have while dormant been
kept in the background, bring them forward now
into as much light as possible.
Greeniiousk. — With the rainfall that we are now
having it will be necessary to bring those Cape and
New Holland plants under cover that have been
re-potted this summer ; if allowed to become sodden
irremediable injury will be done them. Unless the
rainfall continues heavy the other portion of the stock
can remain out for another week or ten days. By
that time the entire collection should be safely housed
against any inclemency of the weather. Opportunity
should be taken beforehand to have the greenhouse
clean and sweet, so that everything may be in order.
The end of the month will do for the housing of
Camellias and Cylisus.
Forcing Plants. — Any contemplated addition to
the stock of these from amongst the hardy flowering
shrubs had better be seen to as soon as possible. Such
as Rhododendrons and hardy Azaleas will be all the
better if taken up and potted early. When this is
done the pots should he plunged in leaves or ashes
just over the rim of the pots, as a security against
frost. Tea Roses in pots that have been in the open
during the summer should be put under cover now,
to obtain some useful buds when the last of the out-
door Roses are cut off. James Hudson, Giinncnbury
House Gardeus, Sept. 11.
The proper time is at hand to make the main
plantation of Cabbage ; first dress the ground liberally
with manure, as this plant is a gross feeder, and the
quicker it is grown the better it will be. Dig deeply
and break the soil well as it is turned over, and at
once proceed to make the plantation. We never
plant large kinds, so that we find iS inches apart
from plant to plant sufficient ; and if the soil is stiff a
good dressing of anything which will tend to lighten
the land is beneficial. The ground chosen for the
plantation should have a full exposure to the sun, and
be free from trees, which are so injurious to this and
nearly every other crop in the kitchen garden.
Where a bed of Brown Cos, or any hardy sort of
Lettuce was sown in July, according to former direc-
tions, a good breadth can be planted some 6 inches
apart on any sheltered place : they will come in for
salad this autumn before the Endive, or to mix with
it in the salad bowl. The temperature has suddenly
fallen, and one must look around for protection to
tender things. The first to require it will be French
Beans, which should have the lights put on
the late crop at once, and shut up early every
afternoon to conserve heat for the coming night ;
also make another sowing of some early kind to come
into use in November. The winter Spinach will now
requite thinning, and the hoe passed through it to
keep down weeds. Keep up a supply of Mustard and
Cress ; it will be better to sow it in boxes after this,
in case of early frosts. Any leaves which are trimmed
off the Parsley bed should be saved and dried in the
kitchen fire-screen, it will be sure to be wanted during
winter ; and the same applies to Sage, which is most
useful in a dry stale for flavouring. Tomatos after
this will need all the encouragement possible by
removing superfluous leaves, and the temperature
must be kept up in the pit or house wherein they are
grown. The late Potatos in many places will now be
ripe and ought to be dug, sorting them as fit for table
and those for seed. Pitting them in somewhat small
lots is generally considered a good plan, provided the
pit is made on the top of the ground and, il possible,
in poor or sandy soil, putting in a drain-pipe or two
tor ventilation. Remove decayed leaves from any
growing crop, and keep the hoe going, hand-weeding
where it is not possible to do so ; and let everything
be kept neat and tidy. If this is done there will be
no want of interest in the kitchen garden, besides it
is most necessary to get the weeds under before
showery autum.n weather sets in. J. Rust, Eridi^c
Castle, Sussex,
31Flelons anb i£ucumbers.
^TI■;I.O^■s.■ — The weather which we are now ex-
periencing is not favourable to the production of
highly flavoured fruit, more especially in the case of
Melons in pits and frames not heated by hot-water
pipes. With the end of the present month the Melon
season in the generality of places will be drawing to
a close, as after that date, as a rule. Melons are not of
much account, being rather watery and wanting in
flavour ; but much depends on the nature of the
weather and other circumstances during the month
of October. In the meantime, those plants which are
now swelling their fruit will need pushing on with
dispatch ; the shoots should be kept well thinned, the
laterals be stopped, the fruits fully exposed to the in-
fluence ol the sun, and a minimum temgerature of 70"
maintained. Where the fruits are ripening, leave a
chink of air on day and night. H. W. Ward.
Cucu.MiiERS. — Plants in full bearing will now be
considerably benefited by having a top-dressing of
three parts of light loam and one of well decomposed
manure ; after which, if dry at the roots, they should
be watered with clear tepid water, as it will not be
advisable to give liquid manure until the roots have
pushed well into the new soil. Let the stopping,
thinning, and arranging of the shoots be duly
attended to. A nice growing temperature of from
70° to So° during the day, with fire-heat, should be
maintained, and from 75° to 85° with sun-heat,
shutting up early, say at Irom 2 to 3 o'clock, accord-
ing to the condition of the weather, and running up
to 90°, with plenty of atmospheric moisture. Night
temperature 65° to 70°. Ventilate freely on all favour-
able occasions to give solidity to the young growths.
Plants growing in frames will require to have the
linings made up weekly or fortnightly according to
the state of the weather and the fermenting material
at the time the work is being done. Young plants
which have some time since been shifted into their
fruiting pots and boxes will now be the better for
having some suitable soil added to the hillocks in
sufficient quantity to cover the young roots as they
push through the soil. H. IV. IVaid, Lougfurd Cas/le
Gardens, St ft. II.
Peaches anb Nectarines.
Early houses with fixed roofs will require frequent
attention as regards watering, but those from which
the sashes have been removed will have been tho-
roughly soaked by the heavy rains we had on the 1st
and 2d inst., and again yesterday, the loth, when
nearly 3 inches fell altogether, and this will, no doubt,
keep them right at the roots for some time to come,
unless we get very bright weather, when it is asto-
nishing how quickly borders that are thoroughly well
drained become dry. The amount of water they will
take and enjoy is enormous. Carry out directions
given in my last Calendar for the succession-houses,
which need now be syringed but once daily, and any
trees that are not ripening their wood satisfactorily
maybe assisted with a little fire-heat. A little heat
may also be applied to late houses ; it will assist the
trees in ripening their wood, and also improve the
quality of the fruit. We have a nice crop this year
on what few trees we have outside ; they are now
ripening, but Barrington and Walburton Admirable
in the latest house will not be ripe for two or three
weeks. J. IVallis, Keek Gardens, Sept. II.
Orchis Stabiana alba. — We cultivate a small
number of this beautiful and precious variety of the
rare Orchis Stabiana, which grows only near the
buried Stabia, or rather in its surrounding forest.--.
Orchis Stabiana, Ten., is a southern, very pretty and
distinct form of O. mascula, Lin., of dwarf and com-
pact habit, and bright flowers. The vigorous leaves
are olive-coloured, with a rosy hue, resembling some
Asiatic Goodyera. The above white variety is extremely
pretty. Its leaves are as described above. The
flowers are very large and pure white, and they cer-
tainly surpass every European Orchid in beauty and
pure while colour. This Orchid requires a good deal
of moisture during the growing period. Growing in
the region of the Olive, it wants a damp soil covered
with sphagnum ; also during the resting period the
soil should never be quite dry. The spikes begin to
come forth in September, and flowering commences in
March. We equally culiivate a magnificent form of
the well-known Orchis maculata, L., with snow-
white flowers, Dammann ks' Co., Portici.
336
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Monday, Sept. i
TOESDAy, Sept.
Wednesday, Sept.
Thursday, Sept.
Friday, Sept. ;
Saturday, Sept, ;
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Prothcroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Annual Sale or Winter Flowerinff Heaths,
at Burnt Ash Nursery, Lee, by Protheroe
& Morris
Thame Horticultural Show.
Annual Sale of Winter Flowering Heaths,
at Fraser's Nursery, Leyton, by Protheroe
& Morris.
Annual Sale of Winter Flowering Heaths,
at T. Mailers, Tottenham, by Protheroe
& Morri.s
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms,
Trade Sale of Decorative Plants, at Hurst's
Nursery, Wood Green, by Protheroe &
Morris.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
EVERY now and then we receive from our
correspondents Vine leaves presenting on
the under surface isolated patches of felted,
brown or cream-coloured hairs. Although by
no means uncommon in our vineries, we are not
aware that they produce serious mischief ; but
as we have had them sent to us under the
impression that they were the work ot the
Phylloxera, it may be well to reassure those of
our readers whose Vines show these peculiar
patches. In Germany, in Switzerland, in Italy,
and in France, we have seen the same disease,
and have sometimes had it pointed out to us as
the work of the Phylloxera. The Vine-louse,
however, is innocent in this case, and so far
as we know never produces anything at all like
the peculiar isolated masses of brown felt of
which we have now to speak. The masses in
question have long been recognised as morbid
developments from the skin of the leaf, or
from the subjacent tissue, and have been
classed under the general term Erineum.
This Erineum was supposed to be of a fungous
nature, and although no spores or repro-
ductive bodies had ever been detected, their
absence, in the face of the protean habits of
fungi, did not shake the notion of the fungous
nature of these outgrowths. Still there was no
proof of it, and slowly the idea gained ground
that these productions were the work of a
minute mite — to use a justifiable pleonasm
From a short paper of M. Planchon's in the
Vigne Americaine, and in which he has traced
in outline the history of the disease and sum-
marised the researches of his predecessors, we
take the following particulars as to this
Arachnoid. The outgrowths in question are,
as before said, the result of the attacks of an
acarus or mite. This mite exists under four
forms — I, that of a worm-like larva with two
pairs of legs only. The creature in this stage
of its development is hidden away among the
felted hairs, and reproduces itself by means of
so-called eggs, which partake more of the
nature of buds than of eggs proper, inasmuch
as they are formed independently of sexual co-
operation. In the second stage the creature has
six legs, and is contained within the dry skin
of the larva in its previous stage. The crea-
ture undergoes a sort of moulting process,
only it does not discard the old skin but
is wrapped up within it, and with this invest-
ment it passes the winter amid the felted hairs
of the leaf. From this old skin the mite
emerges in spring a changed creature ; its
sluggishness is replaced by activity, its six feet
are increased to eight, and from a neutral con-
dition as regards sex it now assumes its full
development. In this state the acari are
found in the cracks of the bark, and from thence
gain the young leaves, which they pierce for
the purpose of depositing their eggs. As a
consequence of the irritation caused by these
punctures the Erineum is developed which
serves to shelter the eggs. These eggs in due
time give origin to the worm-like larva, such as
that we mentioned above as the first stage of
the development of the creature. As a remedy
M. Planchon recommends, among other
things, the introduction of a flock of sheep into
the vineyards after the Grapes are picked, so
that the sheep may fall upon the Vine leaves,
mites and all. Such treatment is hardly suit-
able to an English vinery, even were it desir-
able ! All that seems necessary in our case is to
pick off the affected leaves and burn them.
Although in this country the Erineum of the
Vine is not a matter of much consequence there
is no telling how soon it may be so. The
sudden intensification of the powers for mischief
of both insects and fungi are unhappily only
too well known, and therefore it may not be out
of place to suggest the complete destruction of
the affected leaves while the customary dressing
of the stems of the Vine and even the removal
of the loose outer bark is a matter of precaution
fully justified under the circumstances. We
have only to add that the name of this
enemy is Phytoptus vitis, or, as some prefer to
write it, Phytocoptes vitis.
We are pleased to be able to announce to
our readers, that at the meeting of the Fruit
Committee held on Tuesday last it was
definitely arranged to hold a Grand Exhibi-
tion OF Apples at Chiswick, from October 4
to 18. It was so generally. felt that advantage
should be taken of the abundant crop of Apples,
to bring together in some convenient place a
complete collection of all the varieties grown,
with a view to correcting their nomenclature,
ascertaining their synonyms, and deciding upon
their relative merits, that we hail with pleasure
the prompt action taken by the committee in
the matter.
No better place could be found than the
large vinery in which the e.xhibition is to be
held, and as the committee resolved that an
effort should be made to procure a representa-
tion of all the fruit growing districts of the country,
we anticipate with lively satisfaction such a
display as for its extent and usefulness has not
before been seen in this country. The e.xhi-
bition is fi.xed to be opened on Wednesday,
October 4, and to be closed on October 18, and
a committee formed, consisting of Mr. JOHN
Lee, Dr. Hogg, Mr. Lewis Killick, Mr.
Roberts, Gunnersbury ; and Mr. WoOD-
BRIDGE, Syon House ; with Mr. BARRON as
Secretary, to make the necessary arrangements,
particulars of which will shortly be made public.
All communications should be addressed to
Mr. Barron, the Royal Horticultural Society's
Garden, Chiswick, W.
The Seven Sisters at Kew. — The variety
of interest at Kew forms one of its chief charms, and,
we may add, of its surprises, for the level of the
ground is as flat as that of the traditional pancake.
Fine trees, notably Turkey Oaks, abound, and the
illustration we now give (fig. 51) shows a group of
Elms probably originally forming part of an avenue,
and to which, from their number, the epithet of the
" Seven Sisters " has been given. The building in the
background is one of those pictural red brick man-
sions, of Jacobean architecture, which assort so well
with fine trees and foliage, and which rise from the
broad expanse of green turf like gems from their
setting. Kew Palace was in the last century the
favourite residence of royalty. Queen Charlotte
took much interest in the collections at Kew, then
under the charge of the elder Aiton, who dedicated
to Her Majesty the genus Strelitzia — a regal dedi-
cation, truly. At the present time a wide lawn
stretches in front of the palace, and it is separated
from the Botanic Garden by a deep ha-ha. A sun-
dial on this lawn marks the spot where a famous
astronomer (Dr. Bradley) carried on his researches
in 1725, the dial itself having been placed there as a
commemorative stone by order of William the
Fourth. Our illustration is taken from a sketch by
Mr. Fitch.
The International Horticultural
Exhibition, which it was proposed should be held
next year at South Kensington, has been definitely
postponed to 1885,
The Bulb Crop of 1883.— Probably finer
or better matured Hyacinths have not been seen for
years than those which have come to hand from Hol-
land and elsewhere during the past month. The
bulbs are solid and heavy, and when these qualities
are present it is always an indication that the bulbs
are good. There was during the last spring one
period of great anxiety on the part of the cultivators,
when the Hyacinth plants were attacked by frost ;
happily dry mild weather followed, which somewhat
neutralised the effects of the frost. Had wet cold
weather supervened the effects would have been dis-
astrous. Polyanthus Narcissi are very good, and the
imported bulbs of the double white pheasant-eyed and
Jonquils are most satisfactory. Tulips are very good ;
and the same can be said of the Crocuses generally,
though they suffered from frost more than any other
of the spring bulbs. Scillas, Snowdrops, Anemones,
Ranunculus, &c., are fully up to the mark, and there
is every prospect of a fine bloom next spring. But
here the ability of the cultivator steps in, and accord-
ing as it is good or bad, so is the ultimate result
affected.
MuNTHAM Court Gardens. — The Mar-
chioness of Bath having kindly given her consent, the
gardens at Muntham Court, Worthing, were on the
5th inst. thrown open to the public at an admission fee
of i.f. in aid of the Augmentation Fund of the Gar-
deners' Royal Benevolent Institution. Unfortunately
the weather was most unpropitious, and as Muntham
Court is some 6 miles from Worthing, and that is the
nearerest railway station, the fete suffered in pro-
portion ; only from 150 to 200 persons attended. The
pleasure grounds and gardens were in excellent order,
reflecting great credit on the gardener, Mr. P.
Conway, whose exertions in the matter of the fete
ripserved a greater success than was vouchsafed to
him,
Shirley Hibberd. — "An Old Rosarian"
writes : — "In your very acceptable sketch of the
labours of our friend and fellow-labourer mention is
made of his Rose-growing. In the year 1859 I saw
at Stoke Newington one of the plots devoted to own-
root Roses. It contained, measured and counted,
groups of all the best varieties in cultivation. Mr,
Hibberd assured me that he could secure any Rose
on its own roots by cuttings, or eyes, and most of
them by both methods. A few, like Madame Vidot,
were a trifle troublesome. I think, whenever the
work in the garden of ' S. H.'is referred to, it should
be borne in mind that a quarter of a century ago he
determined, in the interest of amateurs of Roses, the
immense value of own-root plants. Writers of the
present day appear unanimous in repeating the story,
and taking credit to themselves for another man's
work."
CovENT Garden Cricketers. — At the
Oval on the 6th inst. a cricket match was played
between representatives of the Covent Garden Flower
and Fruit Markets (twelve a side), in which the former
showed considerably the best play. The players on
the Flower Market side were Messrs. F. C. Buck,
W. Cale, W. Denman, H. Webster, H. R. Buck, F.
Pearson, W. Lewington, J. Pounce, J. Caulfield, W.
Skilling, W. Buck, and G. Coleman, and the sum
total of their first innings was 224 runs. The pomo-
logical gentlemen had not time to play their innings
out, stumps being drawn when Messrs. W. Poupart,
W. Barnes, E. Baker, M. Poupart, — Eunce, J.
Poupart, and W. Martin, had made seventy-five runs
between them. Mr. W. Denman, on the part of the
florists, and Mr. W. Barnes on the fruitists side, were
the most successful batsmen of the day,
Vanda suavis var. Schrcederiana. — If
the present year is productive of no other novelty
likely to make a sensation in the orchidic world, to
its credit will be placed the exhibition for the first
time of the most remarkable addition to the genus
Vanda that has been introduced for some years. This
is a variety of V, suavis which was brought to the
meeting of the Floral Committee on Tuesday last
from The Dell, Egham, by Baron Schrceder's gar-
dener, Mr. Ballantine, and which may be described
in a few words as having pure and unmarked lemon-
yellow coloured sepals and petals, and a pure white
labellum and column. Needless to say it took the
fancy of the Orchid growers present to a man, and
under the varietal name of Schrcederiana was unani-
mously awarded a First-class Certificate. We believe
the Baron had the good fortune to secure the plant
from one of the Messrs. Veitch's importations.
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338
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
Avenue Tree. — If there were only enough
of it what a grand tree for avenue planting or for town
streets would be Acer Volxemii. It is of robust
habit and rapid grortth. The foliage is like that of
the Plane, but larger and more umbrageous, and
moreover it is hardier. The leaves are somewhat
silvery on the under surface. Our experience of it is
in truth very limited, but its hardihood, rapid growth,
and stately appearance induces us very strongly to
recommend it for trial in all cases for vfhich the Plane
is now used. The tree was introduced by M. Van
VoLXEM, and described and figured in our columns
in 1S77, vol. vii., p. 73, and later on by Mr.
Nicholson.
Agricultural Education. ^ The new
session of the Institute of Agriculture will open on
October i, when Mr. Bernard Dyer, F.C.S.,
F.I.C, will begin a course of lectures on *' Chemistry
in Relation to the Soil," at the Museum of Geology
injermyn Street, the theatre of this Institution, and
also those of the Natural History and South Kensing-
ton Museums, having been placed at the disposal of
the Institute of Agriculture by the Lords of the
Committee of Council on Education. Other courses
will be delivered during the session on agricultural
geology, vegetable and animal physiology, the breed-
ing, management, and diseases of farm stock ; the
special management and diseases of crops, farm in-
sects, seeds, implements and machinery ; poultry, dairy,
and bee management ; and other subjects of agricul-
tural interest. Among the lecturers are Messrs. Bet-
TANY, BucKMAN, Tanner, Tuson, and Wortlev-
AXE, Miss Okmeeod, and Messrs. Worthington
Smith, \V. Topley, H. Woods, J. Algernon
Clarke, F. Cheshire, R. Holland, Gilbert
Murray, W. Housman,W. Worby Beaumont, and
W. R. Eousfield. The session will terminate in
May. Particulars may be obtained from Professor
Tanner {the Hon. Secretary), Institute of Agriculture,
South Kensington. Mr. Bernard Dyer's annual
course of weekly evening lectures on the " Principles
of Agriculture," at the City of London College, White
Street, Moorfields, will begin on Tuesday, October 2.
MiMULUS. — The manner in which the flowers
of Mimulus unfold seems worthy a note, since it is
liable to mislead the casual observer. The leaves of
this plant are, it may be stated, opposite and decus-
sate. From the axils of the uppermost leaves spring
the flower-stalks, which have, of course, the same
arrangement as the leaves. But when the flowers are
expanded it may be seen that of each pair one is
considerably further advanced in development than
the other. Thus, supposing the flowers to be fore
and aft as regards the axis, their relative development
o
may be illustrated thus : — x ; where x shows the
O
position of the stem, and the large and small letters the
position of the larger or smaller flower respectively.
The succeeding pair is right and left in reference to
the central stem, thus: — O >: o. In consequence of
this unequal development of flowers of the same
generation it would seem, at first sight, as though the
inflorescence were really sympodic— /.^., that of a
pair of flowers, the larger terminated the axis of one
generation, while the smaller one was produced sub-
sequently, forming a second generation. If, how-
ever, the flowers be examined in their very earliest
condition, when they consist merely of sub-globose
tubercles in the axils of the leaves, then the members
of each pair will be found equal in size, and simul-
taneous as regards their development. As soon as all
the sepals are marked out in the usual successive
order, a change in the rate of growth may be observed,
and one begins to grow faster than its twin brother.
Disease in Plum Trees, &c.— One of the
most puzzling diseases in plants is the silvery appear-
ance assumed here and there by plants belonging to
the Plum division of Roseworts. It occurs not unfre-
quently in the Apricot, but not exactly in the same
form as in the Portugal Laurel and Plum. In the
Apricot the cuticle peels ofi^ from the subjacent tissue,
but in the other cases this is not so. There is
nothing about the tissues to account for the peculiar
appearance, but there is no doubt it is a sign of some
fatal condition of the plants or branches in which it
bccurs. I have this year two trees which illustrate
the matter, though but slightly. They are so strongly
affected that any one walking through the garden
could not fail, at the distance of many yards, to notice
the difference between these and healthy trees in the
same row, for they are white as Olive trees. Both,
indeed, are in a dying condition ; the one from over-
cropping in former years, and a violent attack of
aphis; the other from a warty growth at the base,
which seems to have diverted the course of sap. I
have never seen so aggravated a case before. M, 7", B.
Anemone japonica. — Among the many ob-
jects of floral interest at the Royal Nursery, Slough,
the beds of Anemone japonica and its varieties take a
high position. They are just now in the full flush of
their autumn beauty. There is A. japonica, with its
cerise-crimson but somewhat loose flowers ; yet the
colour is so good that it cannot be dispensed with.
Then there is A. japonica hybrida, with its well-
formed pale rose flowers, the finely shaped smooth
blossoms being very attractive, and, it is scarcely
necessary to say, produced with great freedom. This
is an excellent companion to the kind, viz., the white
variety. A. japonica alba — or, as it is more generally
termed, Honorine Jobert — is now very generally
grown because it flowers so freely, and it is an excel-
lent subject to cut from. These Anemones deserve a
place in every garden, for they have a nice compact
erect habit of growth ; they flower with marvellous
freedom, and they come into bloom at a period of the
year when many things are going out of flower. But
to do these most useful subjects full justice they should
be grown in good soil, as the flowers are produced in
finer form when there is something at the roots that
can sustain the energies of the plants.
Protomyces macrospokus has this year
been very abundant — at least, that form of it which
occurs on -Egopodium. It is more fully developed
on the stem than on the leaves. On the former — and,
indeed, on the latter — after a time the pustules be-
come rusty, and sometimes fall out bodily, acting, no
doubt, as a nest of resting-spores for the following
year. It is always more or less accompanied by
Peronospora nivea, of which it is doubtless a form of
fructification, as figured by Hallier and De Bary.
I have in vain hunted this year for the form originally
recorded by Unger, but the examination of numerous
plants of Ileracleum has been without result, which I
regret the more as the details appear so different.
The spores, indeed, with age acquire the same rusty
tint, but are perfectly globose, and not irregular, as
figured by Unger. While speaking of Peronospora
it may not be amiss to state that during the late fine
weather the Potato-mould spread with great rapidity,
though its course was very slow in the previous damp
weather. Early Potatos have become much diseased
after they were taken up, apparently in the most per-
fect condition, which is always more or less puzzling,
though unhappily too common. M. J. B.
Hardy Heaths.— In the Preston Park there
is a good-sized bed wholly filled with hardy Heaths;
they occupy the space so fully as to completely hide
the ground. The sorts have been well chosen and
carefully planted in a way to give some relief to the
surface by the difference in height of the various kinds.
From early spring some or other of the sorts are in
bloom ; and even when no flowers are present a group
of these Heaths, where a suflicient number of kinds
are associated, is at all times effective.
Old Plants of Scarlet Pelargoniums.
— Much too hot in colour as scarlet Pelargoniums are
for the aesthetic notions of the day, still, when people
plant them, the object is to get flowers, and the more
the better is usually the idea, especially v/hen the
plants are used for filling large vases that stand on
grass, at considerable distances apart, or with a back-
ground of shrubs or other greenery. The value of
old plants, such as have done duty in this way for a
number of years, is well known to most people who
have this kind of work to carry out, but was never
better exemplified than in a number of large vases
about the terrace walk in Miller Park, Preston ; with
enough foliage to cover every bit of stem the flowers
literally touch each other, forming a mass of brilliant
colour that livens up the masses of shrubs and the
greenest of green turf that surrounds them. They are
usually grown in large pots that are plunged in the
vases, and each autumn, when the flowering wanes,
they are taken in and fairly treated through the
winter, giving some fresh soil in place of such of the
old as is removed in the spring. Some of the plants
are seven or eight years old, and blocm in a way that
young ones could not be induced to.
Potatos. — As may be anticipated, in a
crop so healthy and so abundant as is the present
year's Potato crop, there is to be found not merely
unusual size, but, because of the drought which has
prevailed in many localities, and occasional heat
generally, various other characteristics in the tubers
that are not always so noticeable. Thus, many large
tubers are found to be much ruptured, or split, or
otherwise to have been so ruptured in the growth as
to be promotive of singular ugliness. This unusual
feature has been, and no doubt correctly, attributed
to the sudden expansion of the tubers caused by great
heat, following upon thunder showers, or other in-
ducements to rapid growth. The rush of tuber forming
sap would seem to have been so great as to have
been far beyond the capacity of the tubers to absorb
and utilise naturally, and hence the crackings and
burstings of the surface of the shell of the tubers
under a pressure or force that could not be withstood.
No doubt that great nuisance in Grape culture —
cracking — may be attributed to similar causes. Scab
and a rough corduroy skin are very prominent features
in many otherwise very handsome tubers, and these ■
defects are very much found where the drought has |
been specially felt. The scab is common enough in
most seasons, but is very common in dry ones. The
only practical suggestion as to its cause seems to be
that the earth-worms gnaw or excoriate the skins
during drought in search of moisture. Although
there is farther the possibility that drought and heat
may generate in the tubers the formation of volatile
gases, the which escaping from them in the form of
tiny bladders beneath the skin, burst the outer cover-
ing whilst it is yet tender, and thus leave a small per-
foration that increases in size with the growth of the
tuber. The roughness of skin is probably due to the
direct action of external heat on the soil.
Fore Courts. — It is often difficult to get
anything to grow in the gritty, dusty fore courts of
the houses in suburban neighbourhoods where, per-
haps, almost everything is unfavourable to plant
growth. In a densely peopled, most unwholesome
and squalid-looking part of London we recently saw
three such courts in juxtaposition, all of which at any
rate were more attractive than the bare earth and
refuse thrown on it. The first was covered over its
whole surface merely with Knot-grass, Polygonum
aviculare — a troublesome weed, but which here
formed, with a little care on the part of the inmates
of the house, a pleasing green carpet. The next was
well-nigh covered with Virginian Creeper, allowed to
overgrow the whole surface of the enclosure ; while
the third, more ambitious, had a broad band of varie-
gated Colt's-foot all round, and a bed of Iris in the
centre.
Tuberous Begonias.— While the storm
which raged on the ist and 2d inst. wrought so much
mischief in gardens, and so much despoiled the blos-
soms of bedding plants in general and zonal Pelar-
goniums in particular, it is a remarkable fact, deserving
of record in favour of the tuberous-rooted Begonia,
that neither its foliage nor flowers seem to have
suffered the slightest injury. The large collection of
plants grown out-of-doors in Messrs. John Laing
& Co.'s nursery at Forest Hill passed through the
gales ptaciically unscathed, only some three or four
blooms out of the immense collection being blown off.
There is now a fine head of bloom on the plants at
Forest Hill, illustrating the fact that the tuberous
Begonia is not now *' the coming flower;" it has
come, and is already an important consideration in
the fl:)ricultural world. The cool weather of the last
fortnight has greatly assisted the plants in develop-
ing their free autumn flowering characteristics. Mr.
Laing has now got a race of scarlets and crimsons
so stiff and erect growing, with the flowers borne well
above the foliage and the face of the flower upwards,
that will run the scarlet Pelargonium very hard shortly
for the pride of place in bedding-out arrangements,
Fancy Pansies in the Mass.— Mr. Eck-
ford has a marvellous display of these in the kitchen
garden at Boreatton Park. A broad walk runs right
across the walled-in kitchen garden, and on either
side is a border 4 to 5 feet in width and of consider-
able length. These two borders are filled with
selected fancy Pansies, a good portion with plants
selected last year for their obvious fine qualities,
divided in the autumn and planted out in eaily
spring ; the remainder seedlings of the present year.
September 15, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
339
It is long since tliat we saw such a blaze of Pansy
blooms, the plants doing so well, the flowers so large,
and so richly coloured. Starting with a few of the
best named varieties in cultivation Mr. Ecici'"ORD
has seeded and selected with judgment and determi-
nation, and the result is a progeny of the highest
merit. Early in August these borders were literally
sheeted with bloom. One could have gone through
the seedlings of the present year and selected a dozen
or twenty varieties, all well worthy of distinctive
names. IJr. San KEY, whose old love for florists'
flowers knows no diminution, takes a deep interest in
these Pansies, and is justly proud of them. There is
something in the soil and climate of Boreatton that
appears to suit the fancy Pansy exactly. They grow
luxuriantly, throw many and very large blossoms, and
colour with a richness unknown to us in the South.
Sl'M.MER-KLOWEKINO CHK\ SANTIIEMUMS. —
Visitors to the recent Dahlia exhibition at the Crystal
Palace could not fail to have been struck with a
group of summer or early-flowering Chrysanthemums
shown by Mr. N. Davis, of the Chrysanthemum
Nursery, Warner Road, Camberwell. Foremost
among them was a large specimen, admirably bloomed,
of Madame C. Desgrange, a large-flowering Japanese
variety, flowers white, tipped with yellow, equal to
Elaine, and which makes an excellent pot plant ; La
Petite Marie, a remarkably dwarf-growing Japanese
variety, with pure white flowers, similar to those of
Mdlle. Marlhe, an excellent variety for market pur-
poses ; Madame Jolivart, very dwarf and profuse,
flowers white, sometimes tinted, very pretty and useful ;
Toulousaine, bright brick-red, a pompon variety, agood
grower, veiy free, and an excellent pot plant ; Nanum,
creamy-white, very early ; Curiosity, blush, dwarf, re-
markably free, an excellent pot plant ; Frederick Pete,
rich crimson, edged with gold, fine and distinct ; and
the following Japanese varieties, also in excellent bloom
— Isidore Feral, delicate lilac-rose, the centre golden,
of the Fulgore type, very early ; M. Pynaert van
Geert, bright red, edged and tipped dark yellow, long
twisted petals ; and Simon Delaux, crimson-red shaded
with chamois, a very fine variety. All the foregoing,
with Little Bob, crimson-brown, dwarf, very early ;
and St. Mary, pure white, would, we think, make an
excellent group for market purposes. The healthy
tone of foliage on the plants shown by Mr. Davis
were particularly noticeable. It results from the use
of soot as a top-dressing. It has an extraordinary
effiict on the foliage of the Chrysanthemum when laid
on the surface of the soil and washed in at the time
of watering.
Temperature According to Elevation.
In a paper lately contributed to the Royal Society,
Mr. G. J. Symons alludes briefly to the observations
made upon this subject from the time of James Six, in
1783, to that of Mr. G. Dines, in 1878. Six, who
who was the inventor of the first registering thermo-
meter, carried out his observations at the top and
at the bottom of the " Bell Harry " Tower of Canter-
bury Cathedral, Other observations were, no doubt,
made in the nursery ground now occupied by Messrs.
KiN.MO.NT & KiDD, part of which was, we believe, at
that time in the possession of Mr. Six. At any rate
it is within our own recollection that one of the
original "Six's" thermometers was in use in the
nursery in question, up to, say, twenty-five or thirty
years ago, and it had special value in the eyes of its
then possessor from its association with Six. This,
however, has only remote connection with Mr.
Symon's paper. The general result of the observa-
tions which have been hitherto made shows that,
during the daytime at least, the range of tempera-
ture— in other words the amount of variation — is
materially less at the higher elevations. In order
more fully to investigate this question — one of great
importance as regards the cultivation of plants and the
health of individuals — observations are now taken in
the churchyard at Boston, Lincolnshire, at the summit
of the tower, 260 feet from the ground, and on the roof
of the belfry, 170 feet above the soil. By means of
one of Sir W. Siemens' electric thermometers, the
ten-.perature at the top of the tower can be ascertained
without the necessity of moimling to the summit.
We cannot here enler into details ; it must suffice to
say " that the mean maximum temperature at 4 feet
exceeds that at 170 feet by i°.9. The mean minimum
temperature, however, at 4 feet falls below that at
170 feet in almost every month, the mean difference
being o°.4, so that the range is 2°.3 less on the bellry
than at 4 feet above the ground. The temperatures
at 9 A.M. show that, on the average, the air at 4 feet
is i°.j warmer than at 170 feet. The monthly means
of the dry bulb thermometer at 4 feet, and of the
electric thermometer at 260 feet, as calculated from
observations taken every two hours from 9 A.M. to
9 P.M., from April to December, show that, in the
daytime, the mean temperature is considerably warmer
below than at the top of the tower. In line bright
weather the temperature at 4 feet during the day is
much higher than on the top of the tower. In foggy
weather the temperature at the top of the tower is,
however, always higher than at 4 feet, the upper part
of the tower being generally free from fog. In
cloudy or wet weather the temperature is uniformly
higher at the lower elevation. At present compara-
tively few observations have been taken at night, but
Mr. Sy.mons gives the record taken on some few
nights at hourly intervals. When the nights
were fine and clear the temperature was higher
at the top of the tower ; the presence of log
had the same effect, while cloudy skies, rain, and
wind prevent radiation, and thus on the days and
nights of their occurrence the temperature is always
highest near the ground. " It seems, then," concludes
Mr. Symoss, "that the diflference between the tem-
peiature at 4 feet and at 260 feet is chiefly regulated
by the amount of cloud, and by the relation of the
temperature of the surface of the ground to that of
the general body of air passing over it. If so it will
follow that the mean difference between the tempera-
ture at the two heights can only be determined by
very numerous observations, or by careful considera-
tions of the conditions of weather and of soil tempera-
ture under which each individual set of observations is
made. As regards humidity the difference at 4 and at
170 feet respectively does not seem to be large, a slight
excess (2 per cent. ) being noted at the higher elevation.
Roadside Planting. — We borrow from our
excellent Belgian contemporary, the Revue de V Horli-
cu'.ture Beige, the following statistics relating to the
planting of trees by the roadside along the Govern-
ment roads {I'outes }ialionales) of France. The total
length of these roads is 37,500 kilometres {about
23,324 miles). Of these, 14,500 kilometres are
already planted, and 9000 others are in course
of being planted. There remain 14,000 kilo-
metres which for various reasons are not capable of
being planted. The number of trees already planted
amounts to 2,678,603. The trees employed are
chiefly the following : — Elms, Poplars, Acacias
(Robinia), Planes, Ashes, Sycamores, and Limes. In
special cases Walnuts, Sweet Chestnuts, Apples, Mul-
berries, Cherries, Pears, Service (Cormier).
Tetranema mexicanum. — This is an old
occupant of our stoves, and notwithstanding that
encouragement should be given to the introduction of
new plants, there are many old ones of real merit that
are apt to be neglected or destroyed to clear the way
for new comers. The present plant is an instance ;
and if it never enjoyed an extensive popularity, nor is
likely to do so, comparatively speaking, its neatness
of habit and profuse blooming properties ought to
obtain it a place in every establishment for the sake
of that variety which always gives interest to a collec-
tion. The dark green leaves scarcely rise above the
soil in which it grows, allowing the peduncles, which
do not exceed the height of 3 or 4 inches, to show olf
their umbels of pale purple flowers to advantage.
These flowers resemble in every respect those of a
miniature Pentstemon, and only differ in having four
stamens instead of five, as the generic name implies.
A large pan of it in the stove at Kew is an attractive
object in the miscellaneous collection. The plant
was figured as long ago as 1S43 in the Botanical
Regiiter, t. 52.
Tkop.-eolum tricolorum. — Directions for
growing and flowering this fine ornamental species are
often given, and indeed it is a wonder that so charm-
ing and attractive a plant is so little grown. Last
season Mr. Samuel Barlow, of StakehiU House,
flowered two very fine specimens that were objects of
great beauty in his warm greenhouse for a long time.
The bulbs were very fine, and they were potted in the
usual way in good-sized pots, and trained over balloon-
shaped trellises. But how best to preserve the bulbs
before ripening off and the time for potting is a process
not so generally understood. A short time ago, when
looking through the Portland Nurseries of Messrs.
Sutton & Sons, we saw under one of the plant stages
some bhallow bo.xes of soil, and on this soil a layer of
bulbs of Tropieolum tricolorum, not in any way buried
in the soil, but simply resting on the top of it. The
eifect is that the bulbs are kept fresh and plump, and
they do not put forth any roots. They make growths
in the usual way, but if the.se are rubbed oil they soon
break forth into a fiesh growth. When any bulbs are
sent away in an order, the shoots are removed, but
when potted a good growth results. We were informed
that when the bulbs are treated in this way blindness
or a failure to grow are unknown, and the tubbing off
of the shoots in no way affects the robustness of the
after-growth.
Mrs. Cutler. — The many personal friends
of the Secretary of the Gardeners' l-loyal Benevolent
Institution will regret to hear that on the 6th, at the
house of a friend, Mrs. Cutler had the great mis-
fortune to fall down a flight of stairs, breaking her
left arm, seriously injuring her about the head, and
internally. The latest inlormation we have is to the
effect that she is progressing favourably.
Mushrooms in the Green Park. — Mr.
Webber sends us a handful of the true Mushroom,
collected on the turf of the Green Park— a good speci-
men of the rtis in u)l>e.
■ Tigridia pavonia var. alba. — From
Messrs. E. G. Henderson & Son we have received
a beautiful variety of the gorgeous T. pavonia, in
which the brilliant scarlet of the upper part of
the perianth segments is replaced by white, the
base of the segments being spotted with brown
on a yellow ground, much as in the type. It
is described in the Revue Horticole for 1SS2, p. 427,
as T. gtandiflora var. alba, but the name T. grandi-
flora is a synonym of T. pavonia, to which latter name
it must give place. This new white variety will make
a very handsome contrast with the typical scarlet
T. pavonia, and the yellow vaiiety conchiflora, espe-
cially if grown intermingled in clumps.
Chrysanthemum Shows. — We understand
that the Reading Horticultural Society proposes to
hold a Chrysanthemum show on November 22.
■ The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Sept. 10, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London :— The weather, with the exception
of a few bright intervals, has been cloudy, cold, and
showery. The temperature has been below the mean
in all districts, the deficit varying from 1° or 2° in
Scotland and the north-east of England, and 3° in
Ireland and the south-west of England, to 4° in
north-western, southern, and central England, and to
5° in " England, E." The maxima were recorded in
most places on the 9th, and ranged from 63° in " Ire-
land, N.," to 70" over the midland, .southern, and
south-western parts of England. The minima, which
were generally registered during the nights of the
9th— loth over Great Britain (only a few hours after
the maxima), and on various dates in Ireland, ranged
from 40° in the north-east and north-west of England
and in " Ireland, S.," to 36° in " Ireland, N.," and
over the south-western, south-eastern, and central
English counties. The rainfall has been a little less
than the mean in Ireland and Scotland, and about
equal to it in "England, N.E.," and "England,
N.W.," but rather more elsewhere. Bright sunshine
has been more prevalent than during last week, the
percentages of possible duration varying from 30 in
"England, S.," to 42 in "England, N.E." and
"England, S.W." Depressions observed: — Baro-
metric pressure over our islands and their neighbour-
hood has fluctuated considerably. Some large and
rather deep depressions have been shown to the
northward of Scotland, while over the United King-
dom several small subsidiary distuibances, moving
eastwards, have appeared ; moderate or fresh south-
easterly to south-westerly breezes have consequently
prevailed on our coasts as the various depressions
advanced, and westerly to north-westerly winds in
their rear as they travelled away.
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. J. W.
Silver, as Gardener at Brynkinalt, Chir k, Denbigh-
shire, in succession to Mr. Clarke. — Mr. H.
Garnett, late Foreinan at Nastell Priory Gardens,
as Gardener to J. C. Bryce, Esq., Bystock, Exmoulh,
Devon.
340
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883,
PLANT NOTES FROM KEW.
MucuNA IMBRICATA. — In the Palm-house at
Kew year after year this Pea-flowered climber pro-
duces its pendulous bunches of deep purple almost
black flowers, and hanging at the height they do
amongst the leafy shoots towards the top of the plant,
bear considerable resemblance to clusters of Grapes.
Besides being ornamental, it is also interesting as
belonging to a genus the members of which are more
or less noted for the stinging properties of the hairs
on their seed-pods. Two or more of them produce
the substance known as cow-itch, used medicinally as
a vermifuge. All are climbers of easy cultivation,
with yellow, purple, or pink flowers, and mostly re-
quiring stove temperature. Few of them are more
ornamental than this one, and those possessing a large
stove with plenty ot head-room would do well to give
it a trial. It is described in some books as Carpopogon
imbricatus.
Teucrium hyrcanicum. — That few species of
this genus are seen in cultivation, notwithstanding
the great number known, is a certain sign that popu-
larity is awanting on some score. Those generally
grown are low, spreading, herbaceous or subshrubby
plants of more or less interest for rockwork, but not
otherwise very showy or important. The species under
notice, however, a specimen of which is to be seen on
the new rockery at Kew, is an exceptional instance,
being an erect and neat-habited herb, averaging about
15 inches high, with the stem and branches terminat-
ing in a dense cylindrical spike of purple flowers. For
the larger pockets of a rockery, or the second line of
a herbaceous border, it is a subject that hardy plant
lovers could scarcely fail to appreciate, and which will
keep up a succession of bloom during the late summer
and early autumn months. There is a figure of it in
the Botanical Magazine, t. 2013,
AsTiLBE RUBRA. — This is the tallest and probably
the least graceful species of the genus, seeing that the
stout shortly branched panicle assumes an upright
position, and loses the effect that the slender drooping
spray-like branches of A. rivularis have. This, how-
ever, is more than compensated for by the pinkish-
purple flowers, a colour which is quite unique in the
genus as far as cultivated plants are concerned, and
indeed by no means of frequent occurrence in the
order, where white for the most part predominates.
Like the others it delights in plenty of moisture, with-
out which growth would be stunted, and the results
very unsatisfactory indeed. Where the soil is heavy
and inclined to clay a mixture of peat will help to
keep it open and retain the moisture. Flowering
specimens of Astilbe rubra, which formed part of the
valuable collection of the late Mr. Joad, of Wimble-
don, are to be seen on the new rockery at Kew,
MONOCHORIA CYANEA. — In Company with not a
few rare and beautiful aquatics this fine Pontede-
raceous plant is flowering in the Water-Lily House
at Kew. Unlike some of its allies it demands but little
space, [and this, together with another Australian
plant, the fine Ottelia [noted by Mr. Watson a few
weeks ago, and the handsome South American Arrow-
head, Sagittaria montevidensis, could be grown in any
warm house in pots submerged in vessels of water.
Monochoria cyanea is, so far as is known, peculiar to
Australia ; there are but few species in the genus, all
of them being confined to the Old World. It has
radical stalked dark green leaves and scapes, bearing
loose spikes of showy bright blue flowers with yellow
stamens,
CORONILLA EMEROIDES is an eastern European
and Oriental representative of the better known
C. emerus, the Scorpion Senna of gardens. The latter
makes a pretty bush 4 or 5 feet in height, and pro-
duces a profusion of its bright yellow flowers — which
in size, form, and arrangement a good deal resemble
those of the common Bird's-foot Trefoil, Lotus corni-
culatus — from May or June until the appearance of
frost. The slender- jointed pod has been compared to
a scorpion's tail. This species seems considerably less
known than its merits deserve ; it bears cutting well,
grows freely, and makes neat-habited bushes. For
small shrubberies it would be sure to prove a favourite ;
we remember well the effect produced by a clump of
it on the side of a hill overlooking the golden vale of
Tipperary. C. emeroides has somewhat smaller, more
elegant pinnate leaves, but otherwise is much like C.
emerus ; it is perhaps not so hardy, but as a wall
plant it is well worth growing. A specimen at Kew is
now in fine flower, and is quite the most conspicuous
object on the wall against which it is planted.
IxORA DUFFi. — This is one of the most hand-
some species of a remarkably showy, and from a
garden decorative standpoint, valuable genus. It is
named in compliment to its discoverer, Mr. Duff,
foreman in the Botanic Gardens at Sydney. A
single truss of the fine deep red flowers will measure
about 9 inches through, and the large foliage is a
beautiful deep green. Mr. Baines, an undoubted
authority, speaks highly of I. Duffi, indeed Ixoras
altogether seem to be great favourites of his, for he
says : — " If asked to point to a genus of plants in-
habiting our stoves that combine the showiest of
flowers with the finest evergreen foliage I should
have no hesitation in naming Ixoras." I. Duffi is
now flowering in the Victoria-house at Kew.
WEEDS.
Mr. Cheeseman has contributed a paper to the
Auckland Institute on the naturalised plants of the
Auckland district of New Zealand, from which we
extract the following passages as likely to be interest-
ing to our readers. As many as 3S7 species are
recorded, most of them being of European extraction.
Australia, though so near, has only furnished ten.
" With respect to the habit and duration of the species,
only 31 are trees or shrubs, the remaining 356 being
herbaceous. Of this latter number 176 are annual, 28
biennial, and 152 perennial. The large proportion of
annual species is noteworthy, as in the indigenous flora
nearly all the herbaceous plants are of perennial growth.
•' If it is endeavoured to divide the species into groups
according to the nature of their habitats, it will be found
that nearly two-thirds fall, in about equal numbers, into
three classes ; first, weeds of cultivated lands and gar-
dens ; second, inhabitants of meadows or fields ; third,
plants of roadsides or waste places. Of the remaining
third a considerable proportion are escapes from gardens,
or other plants whose position it is difficult to define at
present, and which occupy very various stations — lit-
toral, paludal, sylvestral, &c.
" Finally, we find that the species belong to 233
genera, ananged in 60 orders. The orders best repre-
sented are — Gramineae, with 60 species ; Compositse, 51 ;
Leguminosse, 35 ; Cruciferse, 20 ; Caryophyllese, 15 ;
Rosacese, 14. Of the genera no less than 182 are with-
out indigenous representatives in this country, and
16 of the orders are in the same position. The large
number of genera into which the species are distributed
shows that our naturalised flora is of a very diversified
character ; and the fact that most of the genera have no
indigenous species, proves that naturalised plants, to
succeed in any country, need not have any close affinity
with the pre-existing inhabitants."
In endeavouring to ascertain why the native flora suc-
cumbs in this manner to the invader, Mr. Cheese-
man remarks : —
"When Cook landed here the whole country was
covered with a dense native vegetation, hardly interfered
with by man. The cultivations of the Maories were
small in area, and as they rarely tilled the same plot of
ground for many years in succession, preferring to
abandon it when the soil showed signs of exhaustion,
and to make new clearings elsewhere, there was little
chance of the establishment and gradual development of
a race of indigenous weeds. In fact, it can be roundly
said that the New Zealand flora contained no such class.
At that time there were no herbivorous animals of any
kind, either wild or domesticated, to graze upon the
vegetation, or to interfere with it in any way. Thus, no
check existed to the growth of many species which can
now hardly live in a district where our introduced cattle
are abundant. And the repeated burning off, year after
year, of large tracts of open country, was then a circum-
stance almost unknown. The Maori rarely wantonly
destroyed the vegetation, and if he used fire in making
his new clearings generally took precautions that it
should not spread further than was absolutely required.
It is hardly necessary to dwell longer on this point, for
all must admit that the advent of European settlers and
the colonisation of the country have brought into oper-
ation a set of conditions injurious to both the indigenous
fauna and flora. The chief of these conditions may be
conveniently grouped under three heads — first, the actual
destruction of the vegetation by the settlers to make
room for their cultivations, or in the construction of roads,
or in the cutting down of forests for timber, &c. ; second,
the introduction of sheep, cattle, and horses, and their
spread over the greater part of the country ; third, the
practice, now very generally followed, of burning off the
vegetation in the open districts at regular intervals.
"If the above facts are duly considered there will not
be so much cause for wonder in the introduction and rapid
spread of so many foreign plants. For instance, it
might be expected that the weeds of our corn-fields and
pastures— which now form such an important and con-
spicuous element in the naturalised flora — would be
almost wholly composed of introductions from abroad.
The native flora possessed few plants suitable for the
places they have taken, and these lew could hardly com-
pete with a chance of success against species that have
from time immemorial occupied the cultivations of man,
and whose best adapted varieties have been rigorously
selected. The introduced weeds flourish and multiply
because they have an environment suited to them, and
to which they have been modified ; the native ones fail
because the conditions have become altogether different
to those they had been accustomed to.
"Similarly it was to be expected that foreign plants
would in some degree displace the indigenous ones in dis-
tricts grazed over over but not actually cultivated. Many
native species will not bear repeated cropping, and soon
decrease in numbers when cattle or sheep are brought in.
Their places will, therefore, be taken by plants that are
indifferent to this, or escape by reason of being unpalat-
able. It hardly needs pointing out that many of our
introduced species are in this category. The common
Thistle, for instance, is protected by its prickly leaves ;
the Docks and Buttercups, and many labiate plants, are
rejected by stock, save when food is scarce, on account
of their unpleasant taste ; whilst most grasses and some
leguminous plants may be eaten down repeatedly with-
out suffering much permanent injury. It is obvious that
these species would have a good chance of spreading if
introduced into a district where sheep and cattle are
numerous."
But inasmuch as a similar extension of weeds takes
place in localities where cultivation is not practised,
and where cattle do not exist, we have another proof
of the fact alluded to by Darwin, and by Dean
Herbert long before him, that the wild plants of
any district are not necessarily those best suited for it.
" In most cases it is impossible to assign any obvious
reason for the fact that these intruders should be able to
thrust on one side the native vegetation ; but it is signi-
ficant that all, or nearly all, are common and widely
distributed in their native countries ; in short, are pre-
dominant species ; and that they have followed almost
everywhere the footsteps of man, being as extensively
naturalised in many other countries as in New Zealand.
We may therefore suppose that, by long-continued com-
petition with other species, in different localities and in
different climates, they have gained a vigour of consti-
tution and the faculty of adapting themselves to a great
variety of conditions which enable them to readily over-
come plants that have not been so advantageously
modified.
" This supposition will also throw some light on the
curious fact, that the vast majority of our plants are of
northern origin. It is now generally admitted by geolo-
gists that the present continents are of immense anti-
quity, and that there has been no great alteration in the
relative proportions of land and water during vast geolo-
gical epochs. Mr. Darwin therefore argues that as the
northern hemisphere has probably always possessed the
most extensive continuous land area, so the wonderfully
aggressive and colonising power of its plants at the pre-
sent time is due to development where the competition
of species has been the most severe and long-continued,
owing to the presence ot faciUties for natural migration.
The plants of the comparatively isolated countries of the
southern hemisphere have not been subjected to the
same degree of competition, and consequently could
not be so advantageously modified."
" I can certainly find little evidence in support of the
opinion that a considerable proportion of the native flora
will become extinct. Even in isolated localities of limited
area, like Madeira and St. Helena, where there is little
variety of climate and physical conditions, and where the
native plants have been subjected to far more disadvan-
tageous influences, and to a keener competition with
introduced forms, than in New Zealand, the process of
naturalisation has not gone so far as to stamp out the
whole of the indigenous vegetation, although great and
remarkable changes have been effected, and many species
have become extinct. I fail to see why it is assumed
that a greater effect will be produced in New Zealand,
with its diversified physical features and many varieties
of soil, situation, and climate. Surely its far-stretching
coast-hne, bold chffs, and extensive sand-dunes, its
swamps and moorlands, its lofty mountains and wide-
spreading forests, will afford numerous places of refuge
for its plants until sufficient time has been allowed for
the gradual development of varieties better suited to the
changed conditions. No doubt some few species will
become extinct, but these will be mostly plants whose
distribution was local and confined even when Euro-
peans first arrived here ; and probably all will be species
that have for some time been slowly tending towards
extinction, and whose final exit has thus only been has-
September ij, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
341
tened. I cannot call to mind a single case of a plant
known to be widely distributed when settlement com-
menced that is at present in any danger of extinction.
Species have been banished from cultivated districts, of
course, but they are still abundant in other situations,
and probably there will always be a sufficient area of
unoccupied and uncultivated lands to afford them a
secure home.
" Speaking generally, t am inclined to believe that the
struggle between tlie naturalised and the native floras
will result in a limitation of the range of the native
species rather than in their actual extermination. We
must be prepared to see many plants once common
become comparatively rare, and possibly a limited
number — I sliould not estimate it at more than a score
or two — may altogether disappear, to be only known to
us in the future by the dried specimens preserved in our
museums."
SERAPIAS CORDIGERA.
Those who are happy enough to know the Riviera
will recognise this as an Orchid not unfrequently met
with in that favoured district. The specimen, how-
FRUIT NOTES.
Peach- Growing at The Larches, Preston.
— Amongst the most successful instances of Peach-
growing may be named that which has for some years
been going on at this place. Two good-sized lean-to
houses are devoted to the cultivation of this fruit. In
one, the front trellis reaches up about two-thirds the
length of the roof, the back wall being some 15 feet
high, this admits of the trees on it getting plenty of
light. Originally the other house was occupied by
pyramidal-shaped trees that filled the wholespaceexcept
the path running next the back wall which was also
planted ; the weight of fiuit these pyramidal trees
used annually to bear we have never seen equalled,
but, as unavoidable with this form of tree, a good deal
of the fruit did not colour so well as where trellis-
training in the usual way is followed, consequently the
pyramids were removed, and trellis-trained trees put in
their place. The course followed is to crop moderately
until the space allotted to each tree is nearly tilled,
after which highly stimulating treatment is followed.
Each autumn, early in October, 6 inches of the top
of the border is removed ; this requires a good deal of
care to avoid breaking the roots. The work is begun
at one end of the house, loosening up the soil with
forks, and working it out from amongst the roots by
hand ; it is replaced by good turfy loam, chopped up
fine, with some rotten dung added ; when this is
laid on a good soaking of water is given, the roots,
even in the winter time, being kept moister than many
growers look on as needful. In spring, as soon as the
fruit begins to swell, by which time the roots are in
full run amongst the new soil, strong manure-water
made from night soil is given once a fortnight, before
the stoning begins ; it is then discontinued until the
second swelling commences, when two or three more
applications are given ; on each occasion immediately
washing it well down with drenchings of clean water,
by which means it is found that the offensive smell that
would otherwise follow is all but avoided. The manure-
water is withheld long enough before the fruit begins
to ripen not to affect the flavour. The extraordinary
weight of fine fruit these trees bear year after year,
under this system of encouraging the roots to the top,
and putting within their reach an unstinted supply of
nutriment in a form the easiest of absorption just at
the time when it is most wanted, proves the sound-
ness of Mr. Newton's practice. On removing ever so
little of the soil at the top of the borders in these
houses the roots are to be seen in a dense mass, like
those of an Ash or a Willow, when they reach anything
they particularly like. Sufficient consideration is not
always given to the fact that things like the Peach,
which, in addition to the task of supporting a (ruit
crop that draws heavily on the energies of the plant,
naturally make a deal of wood and leaves, require a
proportionate amount of sustenance without which the
maximum of fruit production is not possible. The
old, well proved, highly flavoured varieties, such as
Noblesse, Barrington, Bellegarde, and Royal George,
are preferred to most of the newer kinds that have
appeared in recent years.
Peach Lady Palmerston. — When at Stoke
Court Gardens, near Slough, the other day, Mr.
Mayer, the able gardener, showed me several fruits
of this Peach, newly gathered from the latest fruiting
tree in a late Peach-house, and both in appearance
and richness of flavour it commended itself as a fine
variety. Mr. Mayer speaks of it in high terms as a
cropper, and good at all points. The fruits are very
rounded, of fine size, exceedingly weighty and hand-
some, and of a rich yellowish hue. It is well worthy
the attention of all who do not know this variety.
A.D. ■ '
Fig. 52.— SERAPIAS tORDlGiiilA.
tale. Our lamented friend, the late J. T, Moggridge,
figured the plant in his Contributions to the J'tora oj
Mcnione, and noted the curious arrangements in the
flower to secure cross-fertilisation, such arrangements
consisting briefly in the alteration in the position, or
rather complete reversal, of the pellen-masses after
extraction from the anther — an alteration adapting the
pollen-masses to fall upon the stigma of another flower
when transferred thither by an insect. The forms of
.Serapias are not in all cases easy to discriminate, and
after what Moggridge tells us this is not to be
wondered at, for he says that he found the yellow
pollen of S. lingua on the stigma of S. cordigera.
That hybrid forms should arise to the perplexity of
botanists is thus easily understood.
ever, which furnished our illustration (fig. 52) came
from no more remote locality than York, where the care
bestowed on it by Messrs. Backhouse compensated for
the widely different and much more favourable cli-
matic influences to which it is subjected at home. It
is a terrestrial Orchid, with deep purplish-brown
flowers. For the rest the illustration tells its oivn
PLANTS IN FLOWER,
Gentiana calycosa. — This Gentian is rare in cul-
tivation. It is a native of the Western States of North
America ; and, out of a dozen plants imported, only
lour have managed to pass the ordeal happily ; but
this is very fair, and the pleasure of seeing one in
flower recoups one fairly well for the loss of the
others. There is nothing very showy — but what of
that ? Some of us like Gentians, simply because they
are such. The leaves are in rosettes, 2 — 3 inches
long, ovate-oblong, obtuse, or sub-spathulatc. I'lower-
stems axillary, about 9 inches high, clothed with
opposite, oblong, obtuse leaves, about I inch long.
Flowers solitary (in my specimen), about ij inch long,
sepals large and foliaceous, 6 — 9 lines long, elliptical,
corolla campanulate, hve-lobed, the sinuses deeply cut
and fringed, pale blue, with fine broad dorsal bands
of a deep purple-brown colour, corresponding to the
five corolla lobes, which gives the flowers a quaint
and very distinct appearance, quite unlike any other
Gentian I know. The plant referred to is planted in
a cool and semi-shady place on the rockery in ordi-
nary soil, but I quite think it will ii,et on better in the
peat bed, where a large number of the Gentians make
very fine growth. T.
Veronica longifoha subsessilis. — This is a
charming Speedwell, although I cannot report such
growth as the Rev. Wolley Dod does in his well-
bodied soil, yet it flowers very freely, the main spikes,
perhaps, branching more in light soil than heavy. I
have some of its pyramidal spikes 18 inches long,
upon plants struck two years since, and plants of that
age are undoubtedly in their zenith, A good batch
ot cuttings should be struck annually, A good plan
to get plenty of cuttings is to stop one or two ol the
leading shoots early in the season, when they will
branch freely ; and if these shoots are taken off early
there is then a good chance of getting another batch
of excellent young cuttings before the season is
over, T,
Hypericum reptans. — In the new rockery at
Kew this charming little St. John's Wort, planted
between limestone blocks, aaorns a ledge with its
slender wiry stems, clothed with small Thyme-like
leaves, and, for the size of the plant, large golden-
yellow flowers. It is a shrubby species, with diffuse
rooting branches and solitary terminal flowers. A
native of temperate Sikkim, where it occurs at eleva-
tions of from 900Q — 11,000 feet above sea-level.
Cassia marilandica. — The wild Senna of the
Northern United States is well worth growing in
collections of choice hardy herbaceous perennials.
In favourable situations it grows from 3 to 4 feet in
height ; at Kew, however, this season it has only
attained about half that height. The pretty pinnate
leaves and axillary racemes of bright yellow flowers —
to which a somewhat curious appearance is given
by the dark coloured anthers — render this one of the
most desirable plants for the front of the shrubbery
border. Martyn, in his Historia Plantartim Rario-
rum, says that this species was first introduced to
this country by Collinson in 1723.
Dabeocia poli folia. —The St. Dabeoc's Heath
and its varieties — the pure white, and the form
with white and purple flowers — make a handsome
show for a considerable time, if planted in a damp
peat bed. We recently saw a large mass of it which
seemed to be in great favour with both the common
hive bee and humble bees. Hundreds of individuals,
which must have come from a long distance, were
busy at ICew, but as far as our observation extended,
not a single one attempted to obtain the nectar through
the mouth of the drooping urceolate corollas ; all
simply alighted on the flowers and pierced the base oi
the thin corolla.
342
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 18S3.
I
\\t m\\\%
The Government of India has published a collec-
tion of papers on bee-keeping in India, comprising
the replies of the local authorities in various districts
to inquiries circulated on the subject of bee-culture in
India. The general results are — (i), that several
varieties of honey-bees are found in every province of
India where there is sulBcient forest or jungle, and
that the honey of some of the varieties is good, and in
considerable demand ; (2), that efforts have been suc-
cessfully made in the hills by Europeans to domesti-
cate Indian bees, but that bee-culture is only practised
by natives in the very rudest way ; (3), that it is very
doubtful whether the bee could be domesticated in
the plains, owing to the dearth of flowers during the
three or four months preceding the rains ; (4), that in
Southern India persons have given up all attempts to
domesticate tTie most common variety of bee found
there, on a..:uunt of its intractable nature. The
industry is unlikely ever to be one of great importance
in India ; it can only be followed in the hills, where
flowers abound the greater part of the year, or in
forests where food is equally plentiful. In the popu-
lous country of the plains bee-keeping as a general
industry seems impracticable, Such are the conclu-
sions deduced from the numerous official documents
received ; but it is to be hoped that Mr. John
Douglas, at whose instance these inquiries were made,
will not be discouraged, but pursue his useful object ;
for, if only in the hills, great good might be done by
developing bee-culture. Nothing is said in the papers
before us about the introduction of European bees.
1^1^ |]«i;l)a4e£rus loiidcii.
Perennial Asteks. — From this time until
November the perennial Asters, commonly called by
the general name of Michaelmas Daisies, will be
amongst the most conspicuous flowers of mixed her-
baceous borders. Whilst the names of these continue
in the sad confusion in which they have hitherto been
both in nurseries and in private gardens it is almost
useless to write about them by name, as a full and
accurate description of each kind would be necessary
to indicate the plant intended. What gardeners
want, however, is not so much a synopsis of the genus,
■which contains perhaps 150 species, many of them
worthless as garden flowers, as a carefully selected
list of distinct forms, giving their characters sufficiently
for identification. As I have been collecting Asters
for some years, and now have seventy or eighty kinds
in cultivation, I had hoped to be able this year to
describe thirty of the best varieties ; but I am still
prevented by difficulties in naming. Not having the
advantage of living near Kew, where all the Asters
are now carefully and correctly named, I am obliged
to verify names slowly two or three at a time. If
there were anything like consistency in the trade
names for Asters correctness of naming would be of
less consequence to gardeners; but at present I
believe that no two nurseries in the kingdom could
be found to contain ten Asters to which the same
name was given in both nurseries. Perennial Asters
vary in height from 7 feet to 6 inches ; in the size
of their flowers from 2 inches in diameter to less
than half an inch; in colour from every shade of
pink and purple to white ; so that there is plenty
of variety from which to select. Besides this, some
individual species present great varieties in height and
colour and form, including both valuable and worth-
less garden plants. As an instance of this I have
lately had three flowers returned to me from Kew as
"Aster punctatus," one of which is from a plant
which never exceeds i foot in height, and flowers at
the end of July ; a second grows 6 feet high, and
flowers in September, and is much brighter in colour ;
the third is intermediate in stature, and is generally
known as Galatella hyssopifolia. Some of the best
of my Asters were not obtained from nurserymen,
but from amateurs who had accidentally met with
them in cottage gardens. It is my wish, however, to
make all the best forms generally known, and to dis-
tribute them by their true names amongst nurserymen
as well as amongst my friends. I should take it as a
great favour if any reader of this who has any very
ornamental Asters not generally known would let me
see a flower of it. C, WoUey Dodj Edge Hall^ Malpas,
Cheshire^ Sept. 8.
j4ojVlE floRREgPOjMDEjMCE:.
The Hybrid Raspberry. — I am pleased to have
drawn such an interesting communication from Mr.
Hemsley, at p. 276, and I also thank Dr. Focke for
his communication on the same subject, but owing to
the cnre I took in the fertilisation of the Raspberry
with the pollen from the Strawberry I am obliged to
adhere to the statement I first made to you regarding
the cross. In the 6rst place every care was taken
that the Raspberry should not fertilise itself, and
when this was effectually done care was taken to
prevent any insect getting to the flowers. The flowers
were irregularly set, as only about a fifth of the pips
were set. When the seed was ripe it was sown at
once and covered with a bell-glass : about a dozen
plants came up. Three of the dwarfest and mostly like
the Strawberry were saved. I maintain if the plants
are Rubus Ida^us var. Leesii science has produced what
Nature had done long before. The plants all flowered
profusely, but all failed to set a fruit. This is proof
that I am right about the cross, as Dr. Focke states
that Rubus Idreus var. Leesii does bear fruit occasion-
ally. The leaves and stem sent to me in a dry state
by Dr. Focke, bore little resemblance to my robust
seedlings as they were seen growing here. Rubus
Idaeus cannot be found anywhere in this neighbour-
hood, so that it would be impossible for a cross to be
effected in that way. Mr. Baston, the fimed Dahlia
grower, is the only good local botanist in this part of
Yorkshire that I know who has ever seen the plant
growing. He speaks of Rubus Id^eus as a dwarf and
puny plant in growth, and unlike my robust plants.
Its whereabouts he has lost sight of, but I understood
him to say it was in the Vale ol^ Marsham. Perhaps Mr.
James Carter, or some of the family, who were all
born botanists, can lell us if it is growing in that fertile
vale of British plants. While I was in the gardens
of the Royal Horticultural Society, now many years
ago, I competed for Dr. Lindley's prize for the greatest
collection of British plants that could be got together
in forty-eight hours. I had the honour of winning
that prize, and in my collection I had many rare
British plants. Rubus IdiEus was one of them, and I
well remember Dr. Lindley was very curious to find
out where I got the plant from, and not at all
pleased because I could not name the spot where it
grew. My belief was that I found it on Ham Com-
mon, in Surre)', or Wormwood Scrubs. However,
I feel certain myself about the cross. I have offered
to supply Dr. Focke with a plant of each of the three,
or I will send them to Kew, where they may ba
grown and examined in all their stages of growth. I
would also send a plant of my seedling hybrid
Currant, as a great curiosity, if nothing more. William
Culvoivcll, 7 horpe PerroiiK [We trust Mr. Culverwell
will continue his observations and experiments. If
he has succeeded once, he can do so again. Ed.]
New Melons. — I think with Mr. W. Culverwell
that the High Cross Hybrid Melon is the best variety
grown. I planted a house last February of all the
new kinds, and I cut good fruit off the High Cross
Hybrid fourteen days earlier than any of the other
kinds. I have now a house of Melons planted nine
weeks ago, and the High Cross Hybrid is quite three
weeks earlier than the others. I find it a good setter
and a hardy kind, and I think it the very best sort,
taking all points, that I have ever grown, and I intend
to grow no other next season. Win. Sinythc, The
Cardcnsy Basing Park, A/lon, Hants, Sept. 6.
Mignonette. — One of the finest strains of any red-
flowered Mignonette 1 have seen anywhere in the open
ground is now growing at Woodside, Farnham Royal,
the stock of it, Mr. James informed me, having been
obtained from some market grower famous for his pot
plants. It is a true pyramid kind, the spikes broad
and dense, and the pollen cases of a deep red colour,
whilst the habit of the plant is robust and compact.
Equally true, though to my taste not so striking, is a
big patch of Miles' Hybrid Spiral ; no doubt a capital
Mignonette, but for outdoor massing of white kinds I
prefer a good strain of the Giant White, which is, I
think, the best of all Mignonettes. A. D.
Jasione montana. — Referring to a note on p.
306, I may say that there are few native plants which
have not been tried in Edge Garden, and this annual
Sheep's-bit has received its share of attention ; but in
this damp soil I have found it become poor in colour,
and too loose in growth to possess much merit as a
garden flower. At Munstead and other Surrey
gardens it has been grown more successfully in a dry
and sunny position ; but those who have seen the
plant only in the Home Counties can have little idea
of its vigour and beauty in North Wales, where it is
common on the coast. It is particularly conspicuous
in a cutting on the north side of the railway running
under Penmaenmawr, where the bank, which from
its rocky surface escapes the desecration of the scythe,
is bright with Sheep's-bit every July. In Anglesey
it is finer still, and about Holyhead the size and
colour of the flowers and the stout compact growth of
the plant made me think I had come upon a new
species. However this is by no means the only wild
plant of that neighbourhood which misleads by the
abnormal proporlion of flower to leaf and stalk which
it developes ; though seeds gathered there and grown
at home soon undeceive the gardener by returning to
the common type, and show that the difference is
due to soil and climate and not to specific variation.
C. Wollcv Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, Cheshire, Sep-
tember 10.
Latest of All Pea. — This remarkably prolific
Marrow Pea has, I believe, been put into commerce
under this name by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Read-
ing, but I saw it in several stages of growth recently
at Stoke Court, where it was raised or selected by
Mr. Mayer from Maclean's Premier. There were
breadths just being finished off, others in full bearing,
and just about to turn in, and, lastly, a sowing that
was iS inches in height and about to bloom. This
latter one would give large gatherings as long as the
weather would permit. I could but remark the entire
absence of mildew on the plants, and the fresh, green
appearance of all the growing breadths. The Pea
reaches a height of about 3i feet, cropa heavilj', pro-
ducing rich green well filled pods not unlike those of
Veitch's Perfection, but longer. So much is the Pea
appreciated at Stoke Court that hardly any other is
grown. It is a long bearer, and in that sense repays
the cost of sticks much better than do many other
kinds. Mr. James had this same Pea in his garden at
Farnham Royal, where, too, it was doing first-rate
and cropping heavily. A. D.
The Fruit Crop in Yorkshire. — With the excep-
tion of bush fruit and Strawberries the crops of the
other common fruits are almost a failure. Apples
here are a moderate crop, but the fruit is small and of
inditTerent quality. The Apple crops in the neigh-
bourhood are in general light and the fruit small.
Stone fruits are exceedingly scarce. Here Peaches
are a good crop and ripening nicely. Both Plums
and Apricots are very scarce here and in the neigh-
bourhood. In some villages, where cottagers usually
make something of their Apricots and Plums, scarcely
a hamperful could be collected. Pears are a very
poor crop. Of Hessel and other common kinds there
are tolerably fair crops, but the fruit is miserably
small. Here there is a sprinkling of fruit on many of
these trees. On some trees there are a good many
fruit, and on others few or none. Among the stand-
ard trees two Williams' Bon Chretien have a fine
crop, but the fruit is small. There is also a fine crop
on a standard Dunmore. There is one bit of comfort
for the growers — the trees promise well for another
season. Al. Saul, Stoiirton Castle, Yorkshire,
Annual Chrysanthemums. — The award made
by the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural
Society, a short time since, of a First-class Certificate of
Merit to some blossoms of Chrysanthemum coronarium,
double yellow, under the name of the double yellow
Marguerite, served to illustrate, to my mind, the fact
that this and the double white form of C. coronatum
are comparatively unknown, though they are in the
front rank of the hardy annuals. Some nine or ten
years ago, I used to send up to the meetings of the
Society from Bedfont bunches of charming double
forms of the white and yellow varieties of C. coro-
narium that had been selected by my brother, as
perfect in form and doubleness as the most symmetrical
of pompon Chrysanthemums, and little or no notice
was taken of them. But that was before Mar-
guerites became fashionable, and now anything old
that can bear that name appended to it, or is new, is
certain to receive attention. I send you with this
some flowers of the double white and double
yellow varieties of C. coronarium gathered a few
days ago at Messrs. Sutton & Sons' Seed Farm
at Reading, which have not improved by keeping ;
but which will, I think, convince you that they are
identical with the so-called double white and double
yellow Marguerites which have been exhibited of late.
I may state that it is characteristic of the flowers to
open as perfectly double and symmetrical rosettes,
and then to become semi-double, showing the eye or
centre as they age. They are easily raised from seed,
and in good ground grow to a height of 3 feet or so ;
and I can commend them to gardeners for cutting from
as one of the most useful things they can now cultivate.
The fact is, that when seedsmen are applied to for
yellow and white annual Chrysanthemums they almost
invariably send the forms of C. tricolor. These are
of dwarfer growth, larger foliage, and throw flowers
of much greater size, some of the varieties being very
handsomely marked, but all are more or less change-
able in character. These are properly varieties of C.
carinatum, and commencing with what is known as
tricolor, we get large bold yellow, crimson, and
white flowers of a very showy character. Bur-
bidgei is crimson and white, also very striking ;
and there are scarlet and purple forms also ;
W. E. Gladstone, Lord Beaconsfield and Sullan
represent some newer selections, but, as before stated,
September 15, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
343
all the varieties are apt to run out into other forms.
Then there are two double types known as Diinnetts'
double white, and Dunnett's double golden, repre-
sented by lar^e double flowers that are certainly more
durable, but not so striking ; and I am of opinion
that they fall far bclo^v the varieties of C. coronarium,
either for cutting or decorative purposes. It is these
forms of Dunnett's Chrysanthemum that are generally
supplied when seed of double annual Chrysanthemum
is applied for. It may be truly said of all the annual
Chrysanthemums, that they are very attractive, and
also that they are not nearly so much cultivated as
they deserve. One greatly admires them when they
are seen in large breadths, as at the Dedham and St.
O-ylh seed-grounds of Messrs. Carter iS: Co. But they
make charming patches of blossoms in the garden,
they are bright, cheerful, and very free of bloom, easy
and rapid in growth, and if kept cut, flowering for a
considerable lime during the summer. They should
have good ground, and like many other subjects, the
plants, by their ttoriferousness and durability will
repay attention. R. D.
A few plants of the annual double yellow
Chrysanthemum of the coronaria section show
what splendid things they are to furnish cut
flowers. No doubt as a rule these things are sown
far too thickly, and hence are short-lived. My
plants have ample space, and one is some 4 feet
in height and 3 feet through, and blooming mar-
vellously. Such a thing as an annual for the supply
of really charming rich garden (lowers on long stalks
I have never before seen. A dozen or two of these in
any large garden would prove invaluable. The
earlier flowers open large and single ; but the later
ones, when they become more abundant, are semi-
double, and fairly good double, and really beautiful.
I purpose trying to strike some of this to see whether
it will not do well in pots as a winter plant. The
double white form is, too, very strong growing and
free, but it is not so pure ; indeed about the base of
each petal there is a marked flush of creamy-yellow
that much detracts from the quality of the flower.
The more double they are the more pleasing are they.
This, too, would, I think, make a good winter plant,
as under glass the colour would be much more pure
and pleasing. In both cases, I think, the propagated
plants would produce flowers more nearly double than
are those from seedling plants. In any case I strongly
advise all gardeners who have to cut flowers largely,
to get some of the double yellow knd, and sow next
spring in the open air, as it is very hardy. Z.
Mixed Bedding. — This system of planting out is
rapidly rising in favour, and with the outside public
is becoming popular every year, so that those who
have not hitherto practised it, but who are desirous of
marching and keeping pace with the times, would do
well to turn their attention to it. There is nothing
which may be designated "diflicult of accomplish-
ment " about it, and it cannot, as some would say of
carpet bedding, be regarded as a test of one's know-
ledge of the elementary books of Euclid ; this much,
however, we may say, viz , that by its adoption a
display of flowers for a greater length of time may be
had than by any other system of bedding-out in vogue
at the present day, be it winter, spring, sub-tropical,
or carpet bedding, and this alone may be regarded as
a great advantage and a good recommendation. In
the gardens at Wilton House, Salisbury, where mixed
bedding is done extensively and with great spirit, we
recently saw a border, which, at the time of our visit,
had an extremely picturesque and pleasing appear-
ance, a few words concerning which may not be
uninteresting to some of your readers. Speaking
first of its dimensions I should say, judging from
memory, that it is about 150 yards long and 9 or 10
feet wide. On one side it is bounded by a broad
gravel path and the kitchen garden, and on the other
by a rich grassy slope, which runs down to the water's
edge of a beautiful, clear, rippling stream, wherein the
wily trout may be seen darting hither and thither
amongst the numerous aquatic plants. The border is
planted so as to present two fronts, so to speak, one
of which faces the stream and the pleasure grounds,
and the other the kitchen garden. Along the centre
there are single Dahlias and other tall growing plants,
then comes a host of other plants arranged and planted
so as to form a pleasing combination and a harmonious
whole ; due regard bemg paidto the blending of colours,
height of plants, and distance from each other. Here
we have Gladioli of various colours, and at regular
intervals Anemones japonicaalbaand Ilonorine Jobert.
Further on and we come to such plants as Chrysan-
themum fruticosum, C. Burbidgei, Phlox Drummondi,
and Salpiglossis in great variety, the flowers of
which are marked and pencilled with every conceivable
shade of colour. There are also other annuals which
may be placed in the same category as the above, as
well as a multiplicity of dwarfer growing plants too
numerous for special comment. To be brief, we
would state that no written description could do
justice to such a border as the one under notice. All
the plants above mentioned are easily grown and
reared ; they have also the additional merit of not
being costly, and are within the reach of all possessed
of moderate means. Mixed borders, in which her-
baceous and bulbous rooted plants in addition to
ordinary summer bedding plants are used, may be
made attractive and interesting for nine months out
of the twelve. Early in the year Ficaria verna,
Snowdrop, Crocus, and Scillas will be in flower ;
these, in their turn, being followed by Narcissus,
Jonquils, Polyanthus, Violas, Wallflowers, &c., which
again would be succeeded by half-hardy plants, such
as Pelargoniums, Ageratums, Heliotrope, and Ver-
benas, together with annuals and summer flowering
herbaceous plants ; in the autumn Chrysanthemums,
Phloxes, and Michaelmas Daisies will enliven the
prospect till a far advanced period of the year. It
would be ditricult to say how long the present
" fashion " of mixed bedding will last ; it seems, how-
ever, to have all the appearance of being long-lived.
Single Dahlias. — Having read the remarks at
p. 26S respecting the awards made by the Floral Com-
mittee to some small single Dahlias, may I ask is there
any reason why there should not be a section for pom-
pon singles ? I enclose you one bloom of a variety
certificated last year which measures ^\ inches from
tip to tip, and which much resembles a medium-sized
tea-saucer, and many of them nearly as round. They
are exceedingly showy, and when used for church,
hall, and fireplace decoration are quite in their proper
places ; but for choice bouquets, buttonholes, breast-
sprays, table, mantelpiece, glasses, &:c., these large
varieties will share the same fate as the heavy and
lumpy doubles. I should be glad of your opinion of
the six accompanying varieties, with raisers names
affixed. Those four gentlemen — Messrs. Cullingford,
Moore, Lowe, and Teesdale — have been working most
assiduously to make the single Dahlia more popular,
and I am pleased that the members of the Floral
Committee have begun to appreciate their efforts in
giving us these smaller flowers ; and as more varieties
are raised somewhat resembling the Eucharis, &c., so
will they be used for a higher and choicer class of
decoration. I think you will agree that such pretty
little flowers, now sent, which are the several years'
work of the gentlemen above-mentioned, must be of
more value than what we have hitherto been accus-
tomed to see ; and it is a remarkable coincidence that
these four gentlemen, who live so far apart, should,
almost unknown to each other, have decided that this
was the ideal form they wished to attain — a form
which the ladies can use to better advantage in beauti-
fying our homes. But why the writer should deride
such efforts, and why this feeling of moving out of the
old course, from large and rounded, flabby varieties,
to small pretty blooms and neat Fern-like growth
(some of which in good ground attain only the height
of iS inches), should call forth such remarks, and the
same reluctance to appreciate, I am wholly at a loss
to understand. A similar feelmg existed when we re-
introduced the single Dahlia in the face of the large,
round, heavy show kinds, which are of no earthly use
for decoration unless they are provided with strong
stands, and set up as we see them at exhibitions — ■
then their symmetrical shapes are wonderful, and
hardly approached by those of any other flower. H.
Cannclly "Jitn.
The dry weathfif has had great effect on
these, as they have ' dropped their flowers whole-
sale, which rapid shedding of petals has been
brought about by two causes, the one from an insuffi-
ciency of moisture at the root, and the other quick
fertilisation through so much pollen ripening, which
the numerous insects that visit the blossoms soon
disperse and scatter over the stigmas. Bumble bees
are particularly fond of these single Dahlias, and
it is very rare that they can be seen without
one or more of these busy workers engaged on the
centre of each bloom, where they appear to gather
both honey and pollen, as their legs are generally
laden with the latter when they take themselves off to
their nest. As cruel frost will soon be here, and
Dahlias are the first plants to feel its icy hand, it is
high time to look carefully over them to see what are
worth keeping among seedlings, which vary much,
and are sure to show many that are inferior in form
and colour, and quite useless to save. Those, in my
opinion, which should be made choice of, are such
as have nice compact stout flowers, of medium size,
and clear, distinct colours. These are not only the
most serviceable in borders, where they endure wind
and weather better than the larger, but they are
also of more value for cutting, as they look so much
lighter in vases, where they can be easily arranged
and made to produce a charming effect. Since
writing the above I have had the pleasure of seeing
the stands of single Dahlias at the Bury show, and
could not help noticing how immeasurably superior
those looked which had the flowers standing up with
some of their own foliage to back them, which is a
far better way of exhibiting them than that of laying
them flat on the green board or rounded pieces of
paper, and it is to be hoped that when schedules are
drawn up for next season the prizes will be offered for
them in spikes of a foot or so long to be shown either
in stands or single vessels of water, So arranged
they would show their true character, and be far
more instructive, as any one would be able to see at
a glance their fitness for the embellishment of vases
or borders, and could judge fairly of the habit of the
plants from which the cut bloom was taken, which
cannot now be done, from the single flowers lying
pancake fashion, and with their lines of beauty pressed
together and lost. J. Shcppard,
Gaillardia Lorenziana.— I am both pleased and
disappointed with this novelty. I am the first because
some of the forms, the amaranth and claret especially,
are charming ; and the second because some others
are poor and worthless, whilst the strain is so far from
being true that not a fcA- plants of the grandiflora
type appear. These latter, however, are first-rate
things in their way to produce flowers for cutting,
whilst the best forms of Lorenziana, resembling as
they do heads of dark-coloured Bouvardias, though
the florets are perhaps more evenly and perfectly set.
Seed of Gaillardias should be sown in a frame or in
pans, and the young plants dibbled out thinly during
May. No matter what kind, all will well repay culti-
vation and furnish an abundance of beautiful flowers
for cutting. A, D,
Alpine Strawberries.— Last year I wrote you a
short paragraph respecting a seedling alpine Straw-
berry which had come up the previous year in a vase,
and that its runner hung down, flowered, and was
making an interesting and ornamental adornment, I
now beg to send you a small seedbng, which came up
last year, but rather later in the season, and which, as
you will see by its deep coloured fruit, and that the
runner also is heavy, that the plant may be made
ornamental; beside?, the present specimen being grown
in soil in a vase, and therefore lighter in texture, is
better flavoured than when grown on the surface of
the garden. As you will see, some of its earliest
Strawberries have been plucked by young folks, who
must have been tempted it is supposed. These earlier
berries were the largest. W. A. IVooler, Sadberge
Hally Darlitii^ton,
The Hardiness of Mandevilla suaveolens
(PP- 275, 30S).— In reply to your correspondent's
inquiry respecting this lovely creeper, it may interest
your readers to know that there is a very fine speci-
men of it at present growing in the Channel Islands.
The specimen was raised from seed in 1S76, ani now
covers a wall of south-east aspect 10 feet high and
30 feet long. It blooms abundantly from the middle
of June to the middle of August, and is now bearing
clusters of large seed-pods, measuring iS inches in
length. This plant has its roots in ordinary garden
vegetable mould with good drainage, and has never
received artificial protection. Siecphiii, Jcrsiy.
Sabbatia campestris (p. 29S).— This beautiful
plant was first introduced into English gardens by
the late Mr. James Carter, of Holborn, in the year
1851. It was received from a collector in Texas,
Mr. Thompson may have re-introduced it. Samuel
Ainsivorth,
National Chrysanthemum Society, — AH true
florists have, I believe, been pleased to see the great
and gratifying success that has attended the efforts of
the newly formed National Dahlia Society, as proved
by their recent show at the Crystal Palace. This
seems to be the age of specialities : we have our national
organisations for Roses, Tulips, Carnations, Potatos,
and now Dahlias ; and I should like to know how it
is that a national society has not been started in
the interest of that queen of winter flowers, the
Chrysanthemum, which gladdens our hearts with
its beauty at a season when other flowers are scarce,
and which will grow in situations where others
would perish. There is perhaps no flower that has
morelocalsocietiesformedforpromoting its culture, and
yet, as far as I know, they are all without a recognised
head and centre. How is this : There is, we know,
plenty of enthusiasm amongst the great numbers of
men who grow it ; I would therefore suggest that some
steps be taken towards placing the '* Autumn Queen "
on a footing with her worthy compeers of other seasons.
Support pecuniarily and otherwise is sure to be forth-
coming, if only some of our influential and well-known
horticulturists would take the initiative. The way
is easy, success is sure, and might be accomplished in
several ways ; either let a new society be formed, or,
still better, let one of our many local or suburban
societies take the matter up and form a nucleus for a
national. I for one am fully prepared to support any
such movement as far as I can ; and as I have the honour
to be one of the exhibition committee of the oldest
Chrysanthemum society {the Borough of Hackney), I
have had some opportunity of forming an opinion on
the matter in question. I should be glad if some of
our great growers of the flower will favour us with
their views, and also the executives of the existing
local societies. In order for the movement to be a
success it must be taken up with spirit and unanimity.
344
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
Royal Horticultural: Sept, ii.
Floral Committee.— Present : G. F- Wilson,
Esq., F.R.S., in the chair ; Messrs. J. Mcintosh, J.
Wills, W. Bealby, Shirley Hibberd, J. Hudson, H.
Ballantine, J. Dominy, W. B. Kellock, J. Cutbush,
H. Turner, H. Cannell, and J. Fraser, An over-
powering feature at this meeting was a grand display
of Dahlias, made up of large contributions from the
nurseries of Mr, Turner, Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons,
Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, Mr. Ware, Messrs.
Keynes, and others, and of which some notes will be
found in another column. Next to the Dahlias
perhaps the greatest amount of interest was centred
in Baron Schrceder's new Vanda, a variety of V.
suavis, with the sepals and petals pure lemon-yellow,
and the lip and column pure white. Mr. B. S.
Williams sent an interesting group of Nepenthes,
species and hybrids, of which N. intermedia and N.
Excelsior bore the largest pitchers — the latter, in the
way of N. Rafflesiana, being a very fine thing. Mr.
Williams had also the pretty Amaryllis Mrs, Garfield
in bloom, and Galeandra Baueri, a rarely seen Orchid.
Amongst other things shown by Mr. Ware besides
Dahlias, were some cut blooms of a pretty, semi-
double white, blush-tinted Rose called the Persian
White, concerning which the committee requested
further information. Messrs, James Veitch & Sons
exhibited Selaginella canaliculata, one of Mr, Maries'
introductions from India, a stiff, erect growing plant
of the S. csesia arborea type ; Rhododendron
Brilliant, one of the fine new hybrids, having [a
fine truss of well formed, lustrous crimson-scarlet
blossoms ; and Begonia Novelty x , a hybrid between
B. lineata and B. Davisii, the last-named being the
seed parent. Like its parents, it is a pigmy in stature,
the leaves deep bronze-green, with silvery variegation,
and the small flowers of a soft shade of rose, Mr.
W. White, gr. to C. Dorman, Esq., Lawrie Park,
Sydenham, showed a plant with one flower of
Anguloa eburnea, large, waxy-white, and possessing
a very peculiar odour which we cannot describe.
Miltonia bicolor, a species with pure white flowers,
marked only by a bold purple blotch on the lip, came
from Mr. Southgate's collection at Streatham. Mons,
Lemoine, of Nancy, was the exhibitor of two varieties
of Pentstemon, Cerise Queen, pure cerise with clear
white throat, and Purple Queen, purple, with the
throat pencilled, Messrs. Hooper & Co. contributed
a nice collection of Tydseas, &c.
The awards made were : —
First-class Certificates.
To Mr. Ballantine, gr. to Baron Schroeder, for Vanda
suavis var. Schrcederiana.
To Mr. Turner, for show Dahlia Mrs. W. E. Glad-
stone.
To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Rhododendron Bril-
liant.
To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Begonia Novelty x .
To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Selaginella canalicu-
lata.
To M. Lemoine, for Pentstemons Purple Queen and
Cerise Queen.
To Mr. W. White, gr. to C. Dorman, Esq., for Angu-
loa eburnea.
To Mr, Salter, gr. to J. Southgate, Esq., for Miltonia
bicolor.
To Mr. Edwards, for Begonia (double white) The
Queen.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for single Dahlias Cetewayo, B.
Barkaway, and Dr. Moffatt.
Medals.
Gold Medal to Mr, Turner, for a collection of
Dahlias.
Silver-gilt Medals to Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Messrs.
Paul & Son, and Mr. T. S. Ware, for collections of
Dahlias.
Silver Banksian Medal to Messrs. Keynes & Co., for a
collection of Dahlias.
Fruit Committee. — Present : John Lee, Esq., in
the chair ; Messrs, P. Crowley, G. Goldsmith, J.
Burnett, J. Willard, G. Paul, L. A. Killick, J.
Smith, R. D. Blackmore, H. Webb, J. E, Lane,
J. Roberts, W. Paul, and Dr. Hogg. Cultural Com-
mendations were awarded at this meeting to Mr.
Miles, gr. to Lord Carington, for two handsome
Queen Pines weighing respectively 6 lb. 6 oz., and 6 lb.
2 oz. ; to Mr. King, Rousham, near Aylesbury, for
fine examples of a good strain of White Spanish
Onion, shown under the name of Rousham Park
Hero ; to Mr. Robert Holland, gr., Stanmore Hall,
for three well finished bunches of Black Alicante
Grapes ; and to Mr. Freeman, gr., Beechwood Park,
for a large Melon named the Kaiser, which weighed
15 lb. 5 oz. Messrs. Lane & Son exhibited a collec-
tion of about twenty varieties of early dessert and
culinary Apples, and a collection of Cob nuts and
Filberts ; and from Messrs. Veitch & Sons came a
collection of Tomatos cut from plants growing against
a west wall.
Bath Horticultural : Sept, 5 ana 6. — This
Society, which was established in 1855, is consequently
by no means in its infancy ; and it is gratifying to see
that with increasing years there is an extension in the
programme, which the committee so successfully carry
out. There are now four exhibitions — a spring one in
May, a Rose show in July, a general exhibition of plants,
cut flowers, and Iruii in September, and another in
November for Chrysanthemums, cut flowers, and fruit.
On the present occasion plants were well shown —
Fuchsias in particular were present in such condition
and numbers as are rarely met with. Noted as the Bath
shows have long been for the exceptionally fine condition
in which these plants are brought out, it is doubtful if
they have ever equalled those staged at the recent exhi-
bition—immense plants, with plenty of healthy foliage,
bearing a profusion of flowers, and present in such quan-
tities as to make a most effective feature. Flowering
stove and greenhouse plants were also well represented,
as likewise were the fine-leaved section ; the soft-wooded
division, comprising zonal Pelargoniums, tuberous Bego-
nias, Gloxinias, and the like, were also well shown.
In the principal class for nine stove and greenhouse
plants Mr. Cypher, Cheltenham, here, as so often in
other places, took the lead with a fine group, in which
were large and finely flowered examples of Erica verticil-
lata, E. Austiniana, Ixora regina, and Dipladenia
amabilis. The 2d prize was taken by Mr. Long, gr. to
C. Gardiner, Esq., who also staged a well managed lot
of plants, the best oi which were Anthurium Scherzer-
ianum, Ixora Williamsi, and Allamanda Hendersoni.
Mr. Mould, who was 3d, had, amongst others, the white
Ixora, I. Colei, Erica Austiniana, and a large pot of
Vallota purpurea, profusely bloomed. With six stove
and greenhouse plants Mr. Mould, gr. to E. E. Bryant.
Esq., was ist, staging in a nice halt-dozen Erica Ewer-
iana superba, Allamanda Hendersoni, and A. nobilis,
fresh and well flowered ; 2d, Mr. Tucker, gr. to Major
W. P. Clarke, in whose group was Bougainvillea glabra,
with the flowers finely coloured ; and 3d, Mr. Jones, gr,
to General Doherty. For three stove and greenhouse
plants, Mr. Hawkins, gr, to T, Jolly, Esq., was ist, with
medium-sized examples, the best of which was the pretty
yellow Cassia corymbosa, beautifully flowered ; Mr.
Cole, gr. to R. B, Cator, Esq., came in 2d, showing a
finely bloomed pot of Vallota purpurea, and the brilliant
coloured Amaryllis Ackermanni pulcherriraa. For a
single specimen stove plant Mr. Cypher was 1st, with
Ixora Duffti, bearing eight enormous heads of its crimson
flowers, from 10 to 11 inches through (in the way Mr,
Cypher brings out this plant it is a very fine thing) ;
2d, Mr. Long, with a good plant of I. Williamsi. For
a single specimen greenhouse plant Mr, Long was ist,
staging the white variety of Lapageria ; 2d, Mr. Cypher.
There was a large number of fine-leaved plants staged,
of the usual character, Mr. Cypher taking the lead in the
class for sixteen, having, amongst others, fine plants of
Kentia Forsteriana and K. Can terburyana^ndepen dent
of the Kentias ranking amongst the handsomest of dwarf
Palms, they only require cool greenhouse treatment,
which is a great advantage ; 2d, Mr, Mould ; 3d, Mr.
J. F, Mould, nurseryman. For ten fine-foUage plants
Mr. Shadwell, gr. to T. Chandler, Esq., was 1st, with a
medium-sized group ; 2d, Mr. Bloodworth ; 3d, Mr.
Turner. With a single specimen ornamental plant, Mr.
Cypher won a ist prize, showing Cordyline indivisa.
Fuchsias, as we have already said, were in unusual
force, and in the class for nine varieties Mr. Tucker took
the ist prize with finely flowered examples from 9 to 10
feet high, the best of which were Charming, Queen Vic-
toria, Bountiful, Elegant, Arabella, and Doll's Favourite ;
Mr. Lye, gr. to the Hon. Mrs. Hay, was 2d, with plants
as well flowered, and only a little smaller than the ist
prize lot ; if a fault could be found with these two collec-
tions it was the severe formality of their training, each
plant being as erect and even as the steeple of a church.
Mr. Wilcox, gr. to Miss Barrow, was placed 3d, with a
beautiful group, large, and well-flowered, not so tall, and
exhibiting more freedom in their training ; the best of
these were Charming, Doll's Favourite, and Marchioness
of Bath. With six Fuchsias Mr. Fletcher, gr. to C. H,
Gabriel, Esq., secured ist honours, for beautifully
flowered good plants ; Mr. Snell, gr. to Mrs. Counsell,
was a good 2d ; and Mr. W. C. Drummond, who was
close up to the leaders, 3d, For four Fuchsias Mr. Rid-
dick, gr. to Mrs. Pinder, was 1st, putting up a well-man-
aged lot ; Mr. Baily, gr. to Mrs. Phayre, being a good
2d ; and Mr. Willcox 3d.
In the class for twenty Ferns or Lycopodiums Mr.
Tucker was ist, staging a nicely grown group of mode-
rate-sized plants ; Mr. Coke, gr. to A. P. Stancomb,
Esq., was 2d ; and Mr. Drummond 3d — both having
fresh-looking collections. For twelve Ferns or Lycopo-
diums Mr. Smart, gr. to H. Brooke, Esq., was ist ; and
Mr. Truckle, gr. to T. Carr, Esq., 2d.
■ With six Orchids Mr. Cypher came in 1st, in his half
dozen being Saccolabium Blumei, Cattleya Eldorado,
Dendrobium formosum, and Odontoglossum Roezlii ; 2d,
Mr. Drummond. With Heaths like\vise Mr. Cypher
took 1st honours, having in a well-flowered group the
highly coloured E. tubasformis and E. MacNabiana ; 2d,
Mr. Hart, gr. to Mrs. General Studd. For three Heaths
Mr. Long was ist, and for a specimen Mr. Cypher,
with Erica Mamockiana, one of the best of autumn-
flowering varieties.
Zonal Pelargoniums were very well shown, moderate
in size, but profusely bloomed. With six Mr. Tucker
was ist, and Mr. Jones 2d ; and with four zonals Mr.
Snell and Mr. Smart secured the awards,
pHere as at most other exhibitions Gloxinias were
shown in better condition than they used generafly to be
seen in, and Mr. H. C. Mayell and Mr. Willis were the
leading exhibitors. Achimenes were also well flowered,
and with six Mr. Tucker took the lead ; Mr. Jones
being 2d, Tuberous Begonias were not so large as are
now usually met with, but they were nicely flowered.
With six Mr. Hooper took the lead, Mr. H. C. Mayell
being 2d. Six Coleus, — 1st, Mr. lones ; 2d, Mr. Smart.
Of cut flowers there were enoug'h to have in themselves
made an attractive show, the competitors in most of the
classes being more than usually numerous, and in many
cases running each other very close. Gladiolus in stands
of thirty-six spikes were well shown by Mr. S. Brown,
who was ist, Mr. Hooper being 2d. Show Dahlias
were contributed by Messrs, Keynes, who took the
ist prize for twenty-four in their best style. In the class
for fancies Messrs. Keynes also took the lead. Single
Dahlias were in great force, and, shown as they were
here — in large boxes, holding most ot the distinct colours,
ten or twelve of each put loosely together with buds —
they had a telling effect. The ist prize went to Messrs.
Cooling & Son, and the 2d to Mr. Humphries. Of
Asters, German and French, there were as many shown
in excellent condition as would usually be found at a
dozen ordinary shows. With twenty-four German
varieties Mr. Hooper secured 1st honours, staging very
large perfect flowers ; 2d, Mr. Nation. For twenty-four
French varieties Messrs. Coohng were ist with a stand
of beautiful blooms.
Of Peaches, Nectarines, Melons, Figs, Plums, and
also Apples there was a good display, and likewise some
nicely finished Grapes, but there was a falling off in
some of the classes ; for instance, there was no exhibitor
in that for twelve dishes ot fmit. With eight bunches
of Grapes, four varieties, Mr, Nash, gr. to the Duke of
Beaufort, was ist, with a nice stand ; and Mr. Hazard,
gr. to T. Chaffin, Esq., who was 2d, had also a pretty
lot ol bunches ; 3d, Mr. Jones. For three bunches of
Black Hamburgh Grapes, Mr. Rye, gr. to f. Derham,
Esq., came in ist ; and Mr. Bannister, gr. to H. St.
Vincent Ames, Esq., 2d. With two bunches of Black
Hamburghs, Mr. Loosemore, gr, to W. Cooper, Esq.,
was 1st ; and Mr. W. F. Wait was 2d. Two bunches
of Muscats. — ist, Mr, Loosemore ; 2d, Mr. W. F. Wait.
Two bunches, any other white Grapes. — ist, Mr, Loose-
more, with Foster's Seedling ; 2d, Mr. Rye, with Buck-
land Sweetwater. Two bunches, any other black
Grapes. — ist, Mr. Nash, with fine Black Alicante ; 2d,
Mr. Cole, gr. to Mrs. Smith. For a green-fleshed
Melon, Mr. Iggulden, gr. to the Earl of Cork, took the
ist prize with Masterpiece. Of Peaches, Mr. W. Shaw
and Mr. Nash were the successful exhibitors ; and of
Nectarines, Mr. Rye and Mr. R. V. Leach.
Brighton and Sussex Horticultural : Sept. 5
and 6. — The great gathering of the season in this well-
known pleasure resort took place as usual in the Royal
Pavilion and grounds. The fruits, cut flowers, and
the table decorations — bouquets, wreaths, and flower
sprays — were arranged in the saloons facing the garden,
the plants in pots being arranged in a large marquee on
the lawn. In this latter the space was most ample for
promenading between the exhibits, which were of suffi-
cient size, especially in the centre, to obviate any approach
to meagreness. In the class for twelve plants, six Ferns
and six fine-foliage plants, open, Mr. C. Rann, gr. to
J. Warren, Esq,, Handcross Park, the only exhibitor,
won^the Ashbury Cup, with fine examples of Gleichenia
rupestris, gigantea rupestris, and Mendelli ; Cyathea
Smithii, Dicksonia squarrosa., Davallia Mooreana,
a beautiful Croton Hendersoni, C. undulatus,
C. Andreanus, Latania borbonica, Areca sapida,
and a very good Cycas revoluta. In the com-
petition for a group of Ferns arranged effectively
Mr. Miles, nurseryman. West Brighton, was ist, with
his plants arranged in a large bed having an elevated
background with a recess — the whole tastefully put
together, and containing considerable variety of kinds.
The 2d was taken by Mr, Vincent, gr. to Mr. Hart,
Keyraer, with a somewhat similarly arranged group, but
instead of a recessed background he had a more purely
pyramidal arrangement.
The groups of miscellaneous plants, either in bloom
or not, were prettily made of choice flowers in season
and foliage plants of the ordinary kinds, Mr. Miles
being ist, his group having a lightly arranged back-
ground of Palms, Anthurium crystallinum mixed with
the striped Maize, the undergrowth of the whole group
consisting of Adiantum, intermixed with which were
small Palms, Lilies, Lobelia cardinalis. Tuberoses,
Ericas, Bouvardias, and the whole margined with
Panicum variegatum, little Crotons, and Dracaena indi-
visa, Mr. Vincent was 2d with a good lot of similar
plants, in which the arrangement was rather more stiffly
carried out. He had nice specimens of Vallota pur-
purea, Achimenes of sorts. A, coccinea being very telling,
Gloxinias and Caladiums.
The 1st prize for eight stove and greenhouse plants
was won by Mr. E. Meachen, gr. to C. Armstrong,
Esq., Withdeane. In this collection the Rondeletia
speciosa, Pimelea decussata, Allamanda Hendersoni, and
a small Stephanotis grandiflora were finely flowered. Of
Fuchsias in groups there were several lots, containing
plants of all the leading sorts ; 1st, Mr, Fluck, gr. to J.
C.Smith, Esq., Richmond Villa; 2d, Mr. Meachen;
3d, Mr. Head, florist. West Brighton. Zonal Pelargo-
niums were shown in considerable numbers, but the lots
being widely distinguished by size and culture the judges
had here no very difficult task before them. The ist
prize was taken by Mr, Gilbert, nurseryman, Hastings,
whose President Thiers, a salmon ; Mrs. Davidson, a
brilliant scarlet ; and Zuleika were very fine in colour and
truss. 2d, Mr. Meachen ; 3d, Mr. Townshend, gr. to
Captain Thompson, Withdeane. For scarlet Pelar-
goniums Mr. Gilbert was again ist, Mr. Townshend 2d,
Mr. Meachen 3d. The double-flowered zonal Pelar-
goniums _were well done, the prizes going to Mr. W,
Balchin, 'nurseryman, Brighton ; Mr. Gilbert, and to
Mr. Hugget, gr. to Dr. Jeffrey, Hastings, in the order
September 15, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
345
in which their names stand. Coleuses were shown in
considerable numbers, aod consisted of the kinds usually
seen, Mr. Martin, gr. to ], G. Lingham, Esq.. East-
bourne, being ist. In the class for Begonias the metro-
politan exhibitors were greatly missed, the sorts shown
not being conspicuous by their large size or their newness,
representing in most ot them old types of bloom. Mr.
Margetts was ist, having amongst his Madame Thibaut,
Madame Corncsse, and Franklin.
In the open classes for cut flowers Dahlias took the
premier pUce. Messrs. Keynes & Co. were ist, wiui
a very fine stand of forty-eight, out of whic'i it
would be almost invidious to select any in particu-
lar, although Clara, Mrs. Stancombe, Prince Bismarck,
and Triumphant found many admirers. Mr. W. Scale,
Vine Nursery, Sevenoaks, was 2d, Messrs. Cheal & Sons
being 3d. In the class for twenty-four dissimilar blooms
Messrs. Keynes & Co. were again in the ist place, and
Mr. Scale 2d. Striking in these lots were Mandarin,
Chorister, Professor Fawcett, Gaiety, Flora Wyatt, John
Forbes, Peacock, and Queen Mab. Messrs. Cheal took
the 1st prize for twenty-lour varieties of single Dahlias,
many of them being singularly striking in colour, and
the form usually regular and smooth. But amongst all
the flowers of Dahlias staged none created the interest
shown in a large stand of the brilliant scarlet D. Juarezi,
about which crowds stood all the afternoon. "Messrs.
Cheal had also a white Cactus-flowered Dahlia, almost
similar in form to the above. In the class for twenty-
four Messrs. Keynes were awarded an e.\tra prize for a
stand containing some excellent seedlings, viz.. Lilac
Queen, Acquisition, Red Gauntlet, and The Pet. The
competition in the Rose classes was poor, owing, in the
first place, to the lateness of the season, and then to the
violent storm of rain and wind which they had recently to
endure. Mr. Woollard, Cooksbridge, took the ist prize,
Mr. Balchin the 2d prize, for twenty-four varieties ; and in
that for twelve varieties, in trusses of three, Mr. Seale
was awarded the ist prize, and Mr. Mawley, of Addi^-
combe, the 3d prize. Asters of all kinds were shown in
abundance, as were cut blooms in the open classes. Mr.
Balchin secured the ist prize for a beautilul stand, in
which were Slanhopea oculata. Siatite imbricata,
Eucharis amazonica, AUamanda Hendersoni, Tuberose,
very fine Franciscea Hopeana, Dipladenia boliviensis.
Mr. Archer, gr. to Mr. Gibson, Saffron Walden. the 2d
prize ; Mr. Gilbert, the 3d prize. These stands, con-
taining the choicest of stove and greenhonse flowers, were
greatly and deservedly admired.
In table decorations there were many competitors, and
as the competition was open to all England the contest was
keen, but ttie devices were generally of one character —
that is, long tubular vases standing on a large base. There
seems to have sprung up a more elegant mode of arrang-
ing these than was formerly seen. Oiten the materials
were of a very common, easily-obtained kind, which was
the case in the winning stand here. The ist prize was
tiken by Mrs. Bishop, of Duppa's Lane, Croydon. This
vase was mainly made up of Corn-flowers of light shades.
Adianlum gracillimum, pendents of Lapageria alba,
flowers of grasses, Lonicera reticulata aureo-variegata,
Caladium Wightii, and single flowered Begonia. Miss
Chilmaid took the 2d prize, and Miss Smith the 3d. This
latter lady won with a rather heavy mass of mixed flowers
in a silver vase of great height. There were many sprays
and button-hole bouquets shown, some of which exhi-
bited great skill and correct taste in manipulating the
flowers and foliage used. ' For a very choice wreath of
blooms ot Stephanotis, Eucharis, While Aster, Tuberose,
Bouvardia, and Maidenhair Fern, Mr. Chard, florist, of
Clapham Common, took the ist prize ; Mr. Redman, of
Brighton, the 2d, with nearly similar materials; and Mr.
Miles the 3d prize. Mr. Chard was also awarded a prize
lor a ball-room bouquet of much elegance. Several
competitions took place for tables for dessert, in which
fruii and flowers composed the decorative parts ; but in
all of these the space left for the guest seemed less
thought of than how much could be put on the cloth.
There was not enough of what is familiarly called elbow
room.
In the open classes for fruit Mr. Moorhouse took ist
for a medium-sized, well-ripened Pine-apple, Charlotte
Rothschild. Black Hamburgh Grapes were exhibited in
excellent condition by the m jority of the competitors,
and entries were rather numerous. For three bunches. —
1st, Mr. Jordan, gr. to Biiket Foster, Esq., Witley ; 2d,
Mr. Moorhouse; 3d, Mr. G. J. Warren, gr. to Mrs.
Hankey, Balcombe Place. In the class for three bunches,
Muscats, which, by the way, were all remarkably fine,
Mr. Herridge was awarded the ist prize ; 2d, Mr. John-
stone, gr.. Bayham Abbey ; 3d, Mr, Chatfield. ^^essrs.
Webster & Co. and Mr. Moorhouse also staged some
very superior samples. Black Hamburgh Grapes, six
bunches. — Mr. Moorhouse was awarded ist prize for
bunches beautifully shouldered and finished in every
point ; 2d, Mr. Knight, Adelaide Lodge, Keynier ; 3d,
Mr. Hart. In the competition for six bunches of White
Muscat Grapes, Mr. Johnstone was far away the ist ;
Mr. Heiridge, Belmont, taking the 2d ; and the 3d prize
being taken by Mr. Chatfield, gr. to F. Holman, Esq.,
East HoUhly. The other Iruits shown, consisting
chiefly of the products of local growers, were very
supeiior, especially the Peaches, Plums, Figs, Williams'
Bon Chretien Pears, and culinary Apples ; dessert Apples
being few, and not particularly noticeable. The Figs,
e pecially a large dish of Brown Turkey, were as good
as could be wished.
The local exhibitors competed for the prizes for a mis-
cellaneous group of plants in or out of bloom, Mr.
Tu nsr, gr. to Major Way, Wick Hall, being ist, and
Mr. E. Meachen ad. For four stove and greenhouse
plants Mr. Meachen was ist : in this lot was a beauti-
fully flowered Erica Irbyana ; the 2d prize was awarded
to Mr. Kann ; 3d, Mr. Townsend. Mr. Fluck showed
four good Fuchsias, obtaining the ist prize.
Z )nal Pelargoniums were shown by Mr. Meachen, Mr.
Hugget.and Mr. Townsend. Messrs. Lamg& Co. .Stansted
Park Nursery, showed a collection of cut blooms of their
newest single and double Begonias, which were much
admired by the visitors. A. Slaughter, Esq., the Rev.
R. C. Hales, and Mr. H. Vincent staged some Roses,
which were perhaps as good as it was possible to have
them ; but they were but little noticed amongst the
nulunin attractions around them. Messrs. Fowler,
Ilobdcn. and Marchant were awarded prizes for German
quilled Asters, and Messrs. Fowler, Vincent, and Hobden
for tassellcd Asters. Mr. Ford. gr. to W. E. Hubbard.
Esq.. Leonardstee, was awarded the ist prize for twenty-
four bunches of cut flowers.
In the fruit classes the county gardeners put up
capital dishes of hardy fruits, and all well known kinds
were exhibited in good condition, Tomatos, Grapes,
and Apples b-;ing exceptionally good. Messrs. Cheal
and Mr. Balchin staged large collections ot Apples and
Pears, the former showing a good specimen of fruit and
foliage of the cut-leaved Blackberry, a vast quantity of
which, it is said, is disposed of yearly. Gladioli were
staged by Mr. Balchin and Mr. Rann, and prizes were
awarded in the sequence the names stand in. Wild
flowers were well shown, named correctly by Mr. Dixon,
gr. to Sir S. Wilson, who was awarded ist prize; Mr.
Budd 2d, and Mr. Hills, Steyning, 3d.
We cannot praise the arrangements made for the
convenience of reporters. It may be that their presence
was not required, but, if so, the fact should have been
stated.
Dundee Horticultural : Aug. 23. — The annual
exhibition of this popular Society was opened by
the Right Hon. the Earl of Strathmore. It was
kept open for three days, and crowds of visitors
attended. The exhibits in the various classes numbered
120 more than last year, and the receipts at the gates con-
siderably exceeded those of former years if we e.\cept
the International Show. Next year the Society has a re-
serve or guarantee fund to meet the expenses of another
International E.xhibition amounting to ^1000. The dis-
play of plants in pots was not so extensive nor so fine as
we have seen in former years, though the local nursery-
men did their best. Messrs. John Stuart & Sons, Nur-
serymen, Broughty Ferry, gained the ist prize for a table
18 feet by 8 feet, of stove or greenhouse plants, arranged
for effect. On this table we noticed Areca lutescens, a
Palm with long feathery leaves Pandanus Veitchii,
Dracaena Baptistei, and among Heaths fine healthy
plants of MacNabiana, Aitoni, turgida, &c. Messrs.
W. P. Laird & Sinclair's table contained many fine
plants, prominent among which were fine healthy
examples ot Cocos Weddelliana, Pandanus variegatus,
Adiantum cuneatum, &c. Messrs. Laird & Sinclair
also carried off the ist prize for twelve table plants, all
of which were specially suitable for table or house deco-
ration. Messrs. D. ik W. Croll were 2d, with a nice
selection, which we thought were arranged too flat and
monotonous to meet the prevailing taste of the day.
For twelve table plants this firm was 3d — James Cocker,
of Aberdeen, claiming 2d place. The Messrs. Croll's
table, however, contained many good things, such as
fine Adiantum gracillimum and cuneatum, an Atocasia
metallica, some fine double Chinese Primroses, &c. The
Messrs. Croll were also ist for twelve Gladioli, Messrs.
Laird & Sinclair being 2d. Upwards of 200 specimens
of hybrid perpetual and Tea Roses were shown by
Messrs. Croll. For twelve Pelargoniums in flower
Messrs. Croll were ist, and Messrs. Laird & Sinclair
2d, with well bloomed specimens of Dazzle, Puritani, &c.
Messrs. Cocker showed three stands of Roaes, for which
they obtained extra prizes, and they were also ist for
the best twenty-four varieties. Mr. Thos. Smith, of
Stranraer, was 2d, and Messrs. Croll 3d. In the gar-
deners' class Mr. W. Allison, gr. to]. F. Low, Esq.,
Seaview, Monifielh, occupied this year, as last, the ist
place for nine stove and greenhouse plants. His collec-
tion included a fairly bloomed AUamanda Hendersoni,
some 5 feet by 3 feet ; a grand Statice profusa, a fine
Ixora coccinea, and a Cocos Weddeliirina. For six
exotic Ferns Mr. Allison was also ist, with specimens of
Davallia Mooreana, 6 feet by 3 feet ; Gymnogrammas
peruviana, argyrophylla, and chrysophylla, and Glei-
chenias Mendelli and dicarpi. The 2d prize lot. sent by
Mr. Geo. Milne, of The Grange, contained fine plants of
Adiantum Williamsi and Todea africana. For six exotic
Ferns in 6-inch pots Mr. Allison was again to the front,
Mr, G. Milne 2d, and Mr. Howie a good 3d. For the best
three Crotons Mr, Allison was again ist, with C. inter-
ruptus. 10 feet high ; C. Queen Victoria, and C.
Andrcanus. He was also ist for three Dracaenas, the
beautiful Goldieana and Mooreana being most con-
spicuous ; and for six fine-foliage plants this most suc-
cessful exhibitor carried away ist prize for fine plants
of Crotons, New Zealand variegated Flax, Cycas rcvo-
lula. &c. Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons, of Edinburgh,
took the ist prize for twenty-four double Dahlias, among
which were splendid blooms of Walter N. Williams,
Lord Chelmsford, Sunbeam, Charles Leicester, &c. ; Mr.
Campbell, nurseryman, Blantyre, was 2d.
The cut flowers were numerous, and the display good.
Alpines were numerously represented. Mr. D. P. Scott
gained the ist prize for thirty, with a collection which
contained many interesting species of great rarity ; Mr.
T. H. Miln was 2d, with a collection of rare and interest-
ing species. Succulents were well represented. There
were two tables, 9 feet by 4 feet, for effect, the ist
arranged by Mr. Alex. Brown, and the 2d by Mr.
McArthur, gr. to John Laing, Esq., Kinbrae, Newport ;
both were much admired. Bouquets and epergnes were
numerous. Mr. Allison took the ist prize with two
chaste hand-bouquets, principally composed of Eucharis
amazonica, Stephanotis fioribunda, and a white Bou-
vardia, intermixed with Adiantum gracillimum. The
ist prize for the best bride's boucjuet was gained by
Messrs, W. P. Laird & .Sinclair, which lady visitors
admired as the most chaste and beautiful example of
the class. Three miniature flower gardens were exhi-
bited, but if we exclude the ist prize, gained by Mr. Geo.
Smith, of Invergowrie, the others showed little merit.
The display of various kinds of fruit was extensive,
but we have seen much finer quaUty shown in years past.
For the best eight varieties of fruit ( Pine-apples excluded),
Mr, D. Dickson, gr., Mount Melville, took the ist prize,
with some fine Royal George Peaches, Balgowan
Nectarines, and White Ischia Figs ; Mr. Brown, of
Abercairney, came in 2d. For the best collection
grown in tlie open air, Mr. Brown came in ist, with fine
Green Gage Plums, Black Tartarian Cherries, Bredi
Apricots, and a good-looking Strawberry ; Mr, William-
son, of Tarvit, was a good 2d. The other outdoor fruits
were good, although the season has not been favourable
all over. The ist prize for the best four bunches of Grapes
was gained by NIr. Dickson, with Muscat Hamburgh,
Black Hamburgh, Bowood Muscat, and fincly-swelled
Madresfield Court, The 2d prize went to Mr. Held, gr.
to Provost Munroe for good bunches of Barbarossa,
Mrs, Pince's Black Muscat, and Muscat of Alexandria.
For the best bunch of Hamburgh, Mr. Dickson was ist,
but in this class we saw nothing worthy of special remark.
There were 114 bunches of Grapes shown. Melons
were represented by some thirty specimens. Mr Fair-
grieve, gr. to ihe Dowager-Duchess of Athole exhibited
ten varieties of seedling Melons, several of them fine-
looking fruit.
Vegetables were in excellent condition, and there was
a large and varied collection and competition. Alto-
gether the exhibition has been the most successful of
any ever held by this Society, excepting, as we have said,
the International. W. S. W.
The International Potato Exhibition, Crystal
Palace: ScpL \^andi\. — The ninth annual Inter-
national Potato Show, which opened on Thursday, must
indeed be regarded as being the grandest yet seen, not
only in point of numbers — the entries exceeding those
of any previous year fully 30 per cent. — but also in
the matter of beauty and quality, which were per-
fect. Some few new exhibitors put up big, coarse
tubers, but the average quality and size were all that
could be desired. As usual, the trade growers made a
big display, indeed some outdid all their former efforts ;
and, thanks to a good season, there is hardly a Potato in
commerce that was not well represented. Of these
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Reading, filled an immense
length of table with 160 kinds, having specially fine lots
of their First and Best, Reading Russet, Fifiyfold, Early
Regent, Prizetaker. and Reading Hero, with all their
other fine kinds well shown, Messrs. James Carter &
Co., High Holborn, also had a large collection, includ-
ing fine heaps of Schoolmaster, White Elephant, Myatt's
Ashleaf, Magnum Bonum, and Beauty of Hebron. The
collection comprised no kinds, all of great excellence,
Messrs, Charles Lee & Sons, of Hammersmith, staged
some eighty dishes of fine samples, inclusive of
Queen of the Valley, Pride of America, King of
Potatos, Vicar of Laleham, International, Adirondack,
and their Early Hammersmith Kidney, Messrs. Harri-
son & Sons, of Leicester, had some seventy dishes,
having fine Bresee's Prolific, American Giant, KingOffa,
Pride of Ontario, Cosmopolitan, and Mona's Pride,
Mr. C, Fidler, of Reading, had a large collection, mostly
of very big tubers. White Elephant, Magnum Bonum,
and Vicar of Laleham being exceptionally so. Messrs,
Daniels Brothers, of Norwich, put up some forty dishes,
inclusive of a grand lot of their famous White Elephant ;
and Messrs. Hooper & Co., Coven t G.irden, staged
twenty-four kinds in baskets, of large sorts, chiefly
Americans. PYom the Royal Horticultural Society's
Gardens, Chiswick. came some twenty-four dishes of
seedling varieties that have been grown there during
the summer with excellent results. Mr. R. Dean,
Ealing, staged a dish of his new while kidney. Recorder,
a grand sample ; and Messrs. Hurst & Sons of their
splendid strain ot white Spanish Onion called the Rous-
ham Park Hero. The awards were as follows : —
Class A. Twenty-four Dishes, nine tubers, each
distinct — the six prizes making a total of 28 guineas, given
by Aldermen De Keyser and Hadley, jas. Mcintosh
Esq , and others — comprised seventeen collections. —
The premier prize of the show this year felljto Mr. H. E.
Gribble, of Maidenhead, whose collection was remark-
ably clean and even. He had of white kinds — Inter-
national, Magnum Bonum, Woodstock Kidney,
Cosmopolitan, King of Potatos, Porter's Excelsior,
Reading Hero, Bedfont Prolific, First and Best,
and Schoolmaster ; and of coloured kinds — American
Purple, Mr. Bresee, Reading Russet, Heather Belle,
Extra Early Vermont, Prizetaker, Vicar of Lale-
ham, Matchless, Adirondack, and Beauty of Hebron,
Mr. ]. Hughes. Eydon Hall, Byfield, Northampton, was
2d, having in his lot superb samples of EdgcoteSeedUng,
Lady Truscott, Sutton's Favourite, International, Snow-
drop, Advance, Reading Russet, Vicar of Laleham, Mr.
Bresee, Prizetaker, Adirondack, Queen of the Valley,
and Red Fluke. Mr. W. Kerr, of Dumfries, was 3d,
with a singularly bright even lot, including Manhattan,
Fifties, Annie, Grampian, Radstock Beauty, Adirondack,
International, Blanchard, Vicar of Laleham, and Reading
Russet. Mr. W. Robins, gr. to E. D. Lee. Esq., Ayles-
bury, was 4th, with a beautiful lot ; Mr. W. Ellington,
Mildenhall, 5th ; and Mr. T. Pickworth, Loughborough,
6th.
Class B. Eighteen Dishes (open only to Gar-
deners)— all the five prizes, amounting to 18 guineas,
presented by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, and com-
prising twenty collections. — Throwing his strength into
this class, Mr. Hughes was in splendid form with the lot
346
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
placed ist, having fine samples of Woodstock Kidney,
Snowdrop, Jackson's Kidney, Myatt's Ashleaf, Edgcote
Seedling, Lady Truscott, White Emperor, Porter's
Excelsior, and Fillbasket, of white kinds ; and Adiron-
dack, Vicar of Laleham, Reading Russet, Mr. Bresee,
Radstock Beauty, Queen of the Valley, Beauty of
Hebron, Red Fluke, and Prizetaker, ol coloured kinds.
Mr. W. Clark, Woodstock, came 2d, having some
beautiful samples of Woodstock Kidney, Edgcote Seed-
ling, Model, BedfontProlific, Vicar ofLaleham, Triumph,
Early Border, Blaachard, Manhattan, 'and Fan-en's
Kidney. Mr. E. S. Wills, Edgcote Gardens, Banljury,
was 3d, with a very bright lot, having singularly nice
Mr. Bresee, American Purple, Queen of the Valley,
Reading Russet, coloured and Edgcote Seedling,
Woodstock Kidney, International, and King's Noble,
Vi^hite. Mr. W. Robins was a good 4th, and Mr. G.
Akhurst, gr. to the Rev. J. W. Bramah, Faversham, 5th.
Class C. Twelve Varieties— the five prizes,
amounting to 15 guineas, presented by Mr. Alderman,
Cotton, M.P., Messrs. Daniels Brothers, Norwich, and
other gentlemen : including nineteen collections. — Here
an old exhibitor. Mr. J. Millen, Hamstead Park, New-
bury, was ist, with superb samples of Porter's Excelsior,
Woodstock Kidney, Pride of America, Magnum Bonum,
Myatt's Prolific, and Reading Hero, white kinds ; and
Vicar of Laleham, Radstock Beauty, Red Fluke, Reading
Russet, Triumph, and Superior, coloured kinds ; Mr.
Hughes was 2d, having fine samples ; Mr. Pickworth 3d,
Mr. Ellington 4th, and Mr, Kerr 5th — all veteran exhi-
bitors.
Class D. Nine Varieties— the five prizes, amount-
ing to /,i2 15,1., presented by Mr. C. Fidler, Potato
merchant, Reading : comprising twenty-six collections. —
This was a splendid class, and to get in at all was highly
meritorious. Mr. Tom Tooley, Newlands, Banbury,
was a good ist, with very fine and handsome Queen of
the Valley, Reading Russet, Mr. Bresee, American
Purple, Prizetaker, Woodstock Kidney, International,
Radstock Beauty, and Schoolmaster. Mr. R. Dean
came 2d, having capital Magnum Bonum, International,
Woodstock Kidney, Premier, Vicar of Laleham, Mr.
Bresee, Reading Russet, Adirondack, and Schoolmaster.
Mr. W. Kerr was 3d, with beautiful dishes ; Mr. Stan-
ton, Towcester, 4th ; and Mr. Pickworth sth.
Class E. Six Varieties — the five prizes, amounting
to j^9 loj., presented by Messrs. Webb & Sons, Words-
ley ; Messrs. Barr & Son, Covent Garden ; Mr. W.
Earley, Ilford, &c, : having twenty-nine collections. —
Here Mr. Tom Tooley was again ist, with beautiful
samples of Mr. Bresee, Reading Russet, Radstock
Beauty, Porter's Excelsior, Schoolmaster, and Wood-
stock Kidney ; Mr. W. Kerr coming 2d, with not less
beautiful dishes of Adirondack, Vicar of Laleham, White
Elephant, International, Snowflake, and Schoolmaster ;
Mr. H. E. Gribble was 3d, with Reading Russet, Vicar
of Laleham, Queen of the Valley, Rector of Woodstock,
Schoolmaster, and Lapstone ; Mr. W. Finlay, Wroxton
Abbey, Banbury, 4th ; Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, 5ih ; and
Mr. E, S. Wilis, Edgcote Gardens, Banbury, had an
extra award.
Class F. Four Kinds, six tubers of each to be the
largest and yet handsome — all the prizes, amounting to
j^5, given by Messrs. Harrison & Son, Leicester —
twenty-one lots. Here beauty, as far as it could be re-
garded, outweighed mere size, though many were of
enormous dimensions. Mr. J. Hughes was ist, with
International and Sutton's Favourite, white kinds ; and
Mr. Bresee and Queen of the Valley, coloured kinds.
Mr. W. Ellington was 2d, with Lord Beaconsfield, a
huge flat white kidney ; Magnum Bonum, International,
and Queen of the Valley. Mr. Bloxham, Brickhill
Manor, 3d ; and Mr. E. Gribble 4th. The weights of
the various dishes were not given, though many tubers
must have weighed 2 lb, each.
I Class G., Three Dishes of white round kinds — the
prizes, ^5, presented by Messrs. James Wright, F. P.
AUiston, and Martin Cornell— included seventeen lots.
— Here Mr. R. Dean was a good ist with Early
Border, First and Best, and Schoolmaster. Mr. W.
Kerr was 2d with Bedfont ProUfic, Schoolmaster, and
Mammoth Pearl. Mr. R. West, gr. to J. R. Wigram,
Esq., Salisbury, was 3d, with Bedfont Prolific, School-
master, and Porter's Excelsior. Mr. T. Pickworth,
Loughborough, 4th, and an extra prize was awarded
to Mr. G. Allen, Rainbury Manor, Wilts.
Class H., Three Dishes of coloured round kinds^
the prizes, £^<^, presented by Mr. R. Dean, Ealing ; Mr.
H. M. PoUett, Bickley ; and Mr. Shirley Hibberd — was
made up of twenty-five lots. — In this class Mr. R. Dean
was again a good ist with beautiful Reading Russet,
Radstock Beauty, and Vicar of Laleham ; 2d, Mr. C.
Ross, Welford Park, Nevvbery, with Vicar of Laleham,
Reading Russet, and Red Emperor ; 3d, Mr. G. Akhurst,
with his Adirondack and good Vicar of Laleham, and
Beauty of Kent ; Mr. Bloxham 4th, with beautiful
samples.
Class I., Three Dishes of white kidney varieties —
the competition for the prizes, ^^5, presented by Messrs.
Alfred ^Lyon, Tottenham, and P. McKinlay, Penge,
comprised eighteen lots. — In this class Mr. Pickworth
was well in with Lapstone, Woodstock Kidney, and
International; Mr. W. Kerr coming 2d with clean, bright
samples of Myatt's Ashleaf, Snowflake, and Internationak
Mr. R. Dean was 3d with Cosmopolilan, Woodstock
Kidney, and International ; and Mr. Bloxham came 4th.
Class J. , Three Dishes of coloured kidney varieties^
or the prizes, ji^5, presented by Mr. John K.King,
Coggeshall— twenty lots were included. — Mr. Dean was
here again ist, with pretty Bountiful, Mr. Bresee, and
Prizetaker; 2d, Mr. Kerr, with Sir Garnet Wolseley (a
handsome red kidney), Defiance, and Wonderful Red ;
Mr. Gribble was 3d, with Defiance, Mr. Bresee, and
Prizetaker ; and Mr. Ross came 4th.
Class K., for Eight Named Varieties put into
commerce by Messrs, Sutton & Sons, eighteen tubers
each (open to gardeners only) — all the prizes, amount-
ing to 12 guineas, presented by that firm— the kinds to
be Magnum Bonum, First and Best, Reading Russet,
Early Border, Prizetaker, Reading Hero, Early Regent,
and Fillbasket. — There were only six collections. Here,
as the kinds were specified, it needs only to give the
awards, the samples being fairly good. 1st, Mr. C. Ross ;
2d, Mr. J.Allen; 3d, Mr. J. Matthews, Woodstock Park,
Sittingbourne ; and 4th, Mr. C. Osraan, Sutton, Surrey.
Class L., for Eighteen Tubers of any English
raised white round kind — the prizes given by Messrs.
Sutton & Sons — was represented by twenty-one dishes. —
This class was chiefly filled by Schoolmaster, which took
the ist prize for Mr. Kerr ; Mr. McKinlay coming 2d,
with very handsome White Emperor ; and Mr. Charles
Turner, Slough, was 3d, with Schoolmaster again.
Class M., for Eighteen Tubers of any English
raised coloured round kinds — prizes offered by the same
firm — included seventeen dishes. — A fine lot of Reading
Russet came ist, shown by Mr. Creed, Faversham ; the
same kind, shown by Mr. McKinlay, being 2d ; and Red-
skin Flourball, shown by Mr. Prangnell, Banstead, 3d.
Class N., for Eighteen Tubers of any similarly
raised white kidney — prizes also by Messrs. Sutton &
Sons — brought nineteen dishes. — There was a beautiful
lot of tubers in this class, Mr. Pearson, Chilwell, Notts,
taking ist place with Sanday's Seedling, a very hand-
some sample ; Mr. B. West, Nuneham, Oxon, coming
2d, with Magnum Bonum ; and Mr. Kerr 3d, with beau-
tiful International.
Class O., for Eighteen Tubers of any English-
raised coloured kidney — prizes as before — brought only
eight kinds. Here a handsome dish of Defiance, shown
by Mr. W. Kerr, came ist ; Mr. Follows, Kidderminster,
2d, with Prizetaker ; and Mr. Pickworth 3d, with the
same variety.
Class P., for Best Dish of Nine Tubers of any
white new kind put into commerce only in the season of
1883 — the prizes presented by Mr. C. Fidler, Reading —
compried nineteen dishes. — Lady Truscott, one of Mr.
Fenn's fine white kinds, and sent out by Messrs. Sutton
& Sons, took both ist and 2d prizes in this class. Mr.
McKinlay having the ist, and Mr. J. Allen 2d ;
whilst with Alderman, a fine flat, white kind, Mr. R.
Dean was 3d. Standwell and Pride of the Market were
also well shown.
Class Q., for Best Dish of Nine Tubers of any
coloured variety, conditions as before — the prizes pre-
sented by Mr. C. Turner, Slough— brought only seven
kinds, and was a poor class, the ist prize being taken by
The Belle, a round variety, much like Queen of the
Valley, shown by Mr. Hills, the Gardens, Durwards,
Essex ; Mr. Kerr's Sir Garnet Wolseley coming 2d ; and
Mr. J. Butt, of Wisbeach, 3d, with Red Lion.
Seedling Varieties not in Commerce, all of
which must have been grown at Chiswick for trial and
comparison during the past summer. — In each of these
four classes a prize of i guinea was offered for the best
kinds by Messrs. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden.
Class S Seedling White Kidney, one dish, was
represented by 17 kinds.— Here the prize of i guinea
was awarded to Welford Park Seedling, a very handsome
kind, shown by Mr. C. Ross, but no parentage was given ;
it also had a Certificate of Merit, as also had Midsummer
Kidney, a first early white kind, of great size, shown by
Mr. R. Dean, from Success x Woodstock Kidney ; and
also to Mr. Hughes, for Hughes' Prolific and Beauty of
Eydon, seedlings from Beauty of Hebron x Myatt's
Ashleaf.
Class T. Seedling Coloured Kidney, one dish,
seven kinds. — The prize in this class was taken by
Edgcote Purple, a fine and singularly handsome sample,
shown by Mr. Wills, Banbury, which also has a Certifi-
cate. No parentage was given in this case, but it is
very distinct. A Certificate was also awarded to Cardi-
nal, a handsome broad red kidney, shown by Mr. Dean,
from Early Rose x Bountiful, a grand cropper, and of
splendid quality.
Class U. Seedling White Round, one dish,
brought only five kinds. — Prime Minister, a splendid
large flat round, from Magnum Bonum x Woodstock
Kidney, shown by Mr. Dean, which was awarded the
prize, and in this class the only Certificate.
Class V. Seedling Coloured Round, one dish,
included seven kinds. — Here Mr. Dean again took the
prize and the only Certificate with The Dean, a seedling
from the Vicar of Laleham x Woodstock Kidney, a
handsome deep purple round, and of the finest quality.
About I o'clock Mr. Alderman and Sheriff De Keyser,
as representing the Lord Mayor, who was unavoidably
absent, arrived at the Palace, in company with Mr.
Alderman Hadley, the Under Sheriffs, Mr. M'George,
the Chairman of the Palace Company, with several
ladies and City officials in full costume, and made a
circuit of the tables, inspecting all the collections with
great interest. The Sheriff then, in a few appropriate
remarks to the assembled visitors, declared the show
open. From thence the party preceeded to the banquet
hall, where a splendid luncheon was served to about
eighty persons, including not a few of the fair sex.
Alderman De Keyser presided, the Vice Chairs being
filled by Messrs. McKinlay and Shirley Hibberd. The
usual loyal toasts were given from the chair, as was also
that of " Success to the International Potato Exhibition,"
and which was well responded to by Mr. R. Dean.
The toast of " The Judges " was acknowledged by
Messrs. Hibberd and Woodbridge. The exhibitors were
also duly honoured.
W. E. Dixon, Inverleith Nursery, read a paper on
"Ancient Trees;" and the Secretary read another
paper on "Oranges and their Culture," sent by Mr. J.
Muir, gr., Margam Park, South Wales, and votes of
thanks were accorded to both writers. Mr. M. Chap-
man, Easter Duddingstone Lodge, exhibited flowers of
Montbretia Pottsi, Delphinium cardinale, and white
Scabiosa. Mr. T. S. Ware, London, exhibited a
collection of hardy herbaceous flowers. Messrs. T.
Methven & Sons exhibited a collection of single Dahlia
flowers, and two pots of Pelargoniums in full flower.
Mr. I. Anderson-Henry, of Hay Lodge, exhibited a new
hybrid Campanula. Mr. J. Addison, Kirkliston, exhi-
bited Tradescantia atropurpurea, Statice latifolia, &c.
Scottish Horticultural Association. — The
ordinary monthly meeting of this Association was held in
5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, on the 4th inst..
Mr. Jas. Grieve, Pilrig Park Nursery, in the chair. Mr,
Frimley, Yorktown, Camberley, and Sand-
hurst Horticultural: Sept. ^^ and (i.—t\iv^ Society
has for its aim the encouragement of horticulture in
the above parishes, the headquarters being at Sand-
hurst, and the management is to a great extent in the
hands of officers and gentlemen connected with the
Royal Military College. Many of the officers, non-com-
missioned officers, &c., are exhibitors, and also the.
residents, who come under the denominations of ama-
teurs and cottagers. No better site for the show could
have been selected than the grounds of the Government
House, and these are immediately adjacent to the exten-
sive grounds within which stands the Military College.
The Society is well supported ; there are local secretaries
in each of the different parishes, and a good exhibition
results, which is continued for two days, and attracts a
great share of public attention.
One great point of interest was a tent the centre stag-
ing of which was quite filled by productions sent by
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Reading. This was one of
the most unique and interesting exhibitions of the kind
we had ever seen. There were examples of hardy cut
flowers of many descriptions shown in bunches, inter-
spersed with stands of Stocks, Asters, &c., in bunches of
one variety. One part was a panel of charming Gloxinias
in pots, as fresh and fine as in June. There were
examples of Gladioli, Indian Pinks, Scabious, Chrysan-
themum coronarium in variety, C. tricolor in variety, and
the useful white C. inodorum, -Sweet Peas in variety,
single Dahlias, Marigolds, Heliotrope, Tigridias, Phlox
Drummondi, Galtonia candicans. Sunflowers, Gail-
lardias, &c. These were mainly what might be termed
common flowers, but they were of the highest quahty,
admirably arranged ; and so full of interest was the
collection that one could spend a considerable time over
it, finding great instruction. It was undoubtedly the
feature of the show, and we need scarcely state this
unique collection was not for competition.
A few good plants were staged, the best collection of
eight coming from Mr. W. Townsend, gr. to W. J.
Farrer, Esq., Sandhurst. These— all capitally grown
specimens — included AUamanda Henderson!, Croton
majesticus, C. interruptus, Clerodendron Balfourianum,
Cissus discolor, Dracaena splendida, Abutilon vexilla-
rium variegatum, and Alocasia macrorhiza variegata ;
2d, Mr. C. Elliott, gr. to Mrs. Fry, Yorktown, who had
nice specimens of Sanchezia nobilis variegata. Begonia
metallica. Hibiscus Cooperi, &c. Mr. R. Rasell, gr. to
Mrs. Dumbleton, Sandhurst, had the best eight stove
and greenhouse Ferns, having good examples of Adian-
tum concinnum, A. cuneatum, Lomaria gibba. Gymno-
grarama calomelanos, Pteris 'umbrosa, and Hypolepis
distans.
Coleus made a very pleasing feature, Mr. Elliott being
ist, size having weight with the judges ; but Mr. H,
Beanies, gr, to E. Hyde, Esq., York Town, who was
2d, had some small but very pretty specimens of a highly
meritorious character. The best specimen plant was a
charmingCissus discolor, from Mr. Townsend ; Mr. Elliott
coming 2d, with a fine specimen of the crested Microlepia
hirta. Major Bunbury, who was a large and successful
exhibitor in many classes, had the best Fuchsias, staging
nicely grown and flowered bushes. Mr. Townsend had
the best six zonal Pelargoniums ; Major Bunbury being
2d ; but the latter had a capital group of eight tuberous
rooted Begonias of a highly creditable character ; and
Major Bunbury had far away the best arranged group of
plants, covering a space of 100 feet ; this was illustrative
of excellent taste in grouping, and, arranged by the
gallant Major himself, taught a valuable lesson to the
gardeners of the neighbourhood. There were also
smaller groups of plants, and also certain specified plants,
shown by amateurs and cottagers, but they did not call
for special remark.
Table decorations were a pretty feature, each exhibitor
filling a table covered with a white cloth, and the execu-
tion of all showed a cultivated taste. Mrs. Brunton, of
the Royal Military College, was ist, and Mrs. Pileau 2d ;
Mrs. Osborn, Sandhurst, 3d ; and an extra prize was
awarded to Mrs. Craigie. The best collection of wild
flowers came from Major Bunbury, and they were admir-
ably arranged on a rustic stand ; Miss M, Catchpole,
Yorktown, being 2d, with a similar arrangement. Major
Bunbury had the best centre-piece — an exquisite piece
of work ; and his ist prize basket of flowersjustly merited
the same praise. Bouquets, button-holes, and sprays
for ladies were all very good, and the competition in all
cases keen.
Cut flowers were represented by Dahlias, Roses,
Asters, stove and greenhouse plants, &c., and made an
attractive display. The box of cut flowers shown by Mr,
Townsend contained such good things as Bougainvillea
glabra, Siephanotis floribunda, AUamanda Schottii,
Clerodendron Balfourianum, capital varieties of single
Dahlias, &c., but badly set up; Major Bunbury was
2d, with bunches of hardy flowers generally, but nicely
set up.
Fruit was somewhat sparingly represented. Mr. Town-
send had the best three bunches of Grapes, staging good
September 15, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
347
Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling ; Mr. Elliott
being ad, with Black Hamburgh. Peaches. Nectarines.
Apples, Pears, and Plums were also fairly well shown.
Vegetables were finely shown throughout, and in the
cottagers' class for ten varieties there was an excellent
competition. The main interest centred in the special
prizes offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons for a collection of
four varieties of vegetables. In this class twelve collections
were shown, all very good. Messrs. Sale & Son.
seed growers, Wokingham, offered special prizes for six
varieties, some excellent produce being shown ; and
Messrs. Daniells Brothers' special prizes for White Ele-
phant Potatos brought a good competition also.
Royal Horticultural of Ireland : Sept 6.—
The autumn show of the above Society was held in
DubUn, and the Council were fortunate in being per-
mitted to hold the exhibition in the beautiful grounds of
E. Cecil Guinness, Esq.. at Stephen's Green, which that
gentleman kindly placed at their disposal. From a
horticultural point of view the exhibition was very suc-
cessful, being one of the best ever held by the Society ;
but owing to a dog show being held in the Phoenix
Park the same day, and on account of the threatening
character of the weather the attendance was not so la.rge
as was expected. Their Excellencies the Lord-Lieu-
tenant and Countess Spencer honoured the show by
their presence. Prizes were offered for Orchids, Ferns.
Palms, foliage and flowering plants, Begonias, Pelar-
goniums, &c., also for the usual cut flowers in season.
Good prizes were also offered for fruit. Orchids, which
came first in the schedule, were the least satisfactory.
Of course we do not expect them to be so good in Sep-
tember as they are in June; but no one came forward
to claim the prizes offered for six, and the ist prize for a
single specimen had to be withheld at the discretion of
the judges, the 2d prize going to a poor plant of Cypri-
pediuni insigne. and the 3d to a poor httle Oncidium
with leddish-brown flowers— a botanical curiosity.
There were some really well grown specimens of exotic
Ferns — not so large as they are seen in London, but
good exhibition specimens nevertheless. L. G. Watson,
Esq., Newstead, Blackrock (Mr. Flynn, gr.), had the
best specimens. They comprised a Todea superba
nearly 5 feet across, Gleichenias semi-vestita and Men-
delli, Davallia Mooreana, and Adiantum Farleyense.
The best British Ferns were sent from the splendid col-
lection of Phineas Riall, Esq., Old Conna Hill, Bray
(Mr. Hunt, gr. ). Laslrea filix-mas cristata, crispa.
and cristata angustata, were rather too many forms of
one species in a collection of six, but they were well
grown. Mr. Riall was also successful m gaining the ist
prize for six excellent pans of Lycopodium.
Tuberous rooted Begonias from the Rev. F. Tymons,
Cloghran. Drumcondra (Mr. M'Keoh, gr.). were well
grown and flowered, and formed quite a feature neatly
placed as a group amongst the Ferns. Madame Dela-
ville, a rosy beauty, and Gloire de Nancy, fine double
scarlet, were the best of them. Coleus, with their richly
coloured foliage, were plentiful and good. Madame
Delusel, reddish-maroon and gold margined leaves ;
Rubicon, and Mrs. GeorgeSimpson were the most striking.
Henry M. Lomas, Esq., Homestead, Dundrum (Mr.
Toole, gr), had the best six plants. The ist prize
for a specimen flowering plant was awarded to W. J.
Perry. Esq., Ardlin, Blackrock (Mr. Tobin, gr.); it was
a handsome specimen, too, Lilium auratum with ten
spikes.
The Society offered a cup and other prizes for twelve
flowering and foliage plants : the best specimens were
sent from the gardens of W. Jameson, Esq.. Montrose.
Donnybrook (Mr. Ladley, gr ) ; the best flowering plant
was a good specimen of Erythrina Crista-galli with ten
spikes ; there were also good examples of Cycasrevoluta
and Alocasia macrorhiza variegata. The best Palms,
large specimens, were from the Right Hon. the Chief
Secretary's Lodge. Phoenix Park (Mr. Smith, gr.) ; as
also were the best Palms. The largest and most hand-
some foliage plants were from L. G. Watsnn. Esq., and
comprised Anthurium crystallinum and regina. with fine
Crotons ; the same gentleman was awarded ist prize for
a new plant, Adiantum lunulatum.
Cut flowers were very numerous and very good. Silver
cups were offered for Dahlias and Gladioli. The principal
exhibitors were F. W. Leyland, Esq. (who had fine
Dahhas, and won the cup for thirty-six) ; Rev. F. Tymons,
Right Hon. the Earlof Portarlington, Samuel H. Bolton.
Esq., Colonel Nugent, Captain Riall, and Lawrence M.
Cormick, all of whom exhibited well in the cut flower
classes and were awarded ist prizes. The cup for thirty-
six spikes of Gladioli was won by James F. Lombard,
Esq., Upper Rathmines (Mr. Tobm, gr.), but he was
very closely pressed for ist place by Rev. F. Tymons.
Mr. R. Hartland, Lough Nurseries, Cork, was the only
trade exhibitor, and gained prizes for Dahlias and Roses.
The fruit and vegetables were very good and formed a
principal feature in the exhibition. The Grapes were
very fine indeed, and especially those sent by Lady Emily
Howard Bury, Charleville Forest, Tullamore (Mr.
Roberts, gr. ) Mr. Roberts won the Veitch Memorial
Medal and a prize of ^^5 offered by the Veitch Memorial
trustees, for the best three bunches of Grapes, with ex-
cellent Muscat Hamburghs, weighing in the aggregate
14J lb. Ion Frant Hamilton, Esq.. M.P., also offered
a special prize for six bunches of Grapes, which likewise
fell to Mr. Roberts : he had Black Prince. Muscat of
Alexandria, Madresfield Court, Buckland Sweetwater,
Alicante, and Foster's Seedling. Muscats from the same
exhibitor, well-finished and weighing 9 lb. the three
bunches, gained the prize in that class. Fine well-
finished Golden Champion, large in bunch and berry,
won the ist prize for Mr. Roberts in the any variety class.
John Pollock, Esq., Lismany, Ballinasloe (Mr. Smith,
gr.). was awarded the ist prirc for excellent Black Ham-
burghs.
Peaches were very fine, the variety Princess of Wales,
that won the ist prize for W. J. Perry. Esq.. were of
large size and well ripened. Nectarines of the Downton
variety from Powerscourt (Mr, M'CuUoch, gr.), were the
best. Kitchen Apples were mostly of the variety Ecklin-
ville, while the Irish Peach, as it ought to be, was pro-
minent in the dessert classes. Plums, Melons, Pears,
and Currants were all good ; and the best vegetables
were from the gardens of the Earl of Wicklow, Shelton
Abbey, Arklow (Mr. Tyler, gr.), and Mrs. Millener,
Cherbury, Booterstown (Mr. Phelan, gr.). The vege-
tables were exhibited in collections of twelve and six
varieties.
STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKIIEATH. LO.XDON^
KoR THE Week ending Wednesday, September 12, 1883.
Hygrome-
trical De-
Temperature of
THE Air.
ductions
from
Wind.
Glaislier's
>
^
Tables 6th
Edition.
a
:i
z
<
R
n«-,
S
.So
-a " I.'
rt-a.c
£■0 .
ill
r-
bi)
S
&
u
0^
1
q
lit
C4
Sept.
In.
In.
,
,
.
^
.1.1.
In.
6
"s-n
-0.14
S6,2
43.9"-3's<'.6J— 8.»j46.>j %
W.S.W.
0.00
7
2.-.74
-0.17
61.0
48.013.054.4— 40 48.6, 81
w.s.w.
0.00
8
2980
~0.11
64.2
St.013.2'56.2:— 2.148.4' 7S{
N.W.
O.IO
9
29-9'
+0.02
?i.(i
14.126.956.2— 1.947. 8| 74
E.: S.E.
0 00
10
2978
— 0.12
6,.<
i2.0 12.057.8— 0.2
51.4 79
S.E.
0.O9
II
29.89
—001
39.t
i4.S 4SSS-7,- '■•
54.6 95
N.W.
1.34
13
30.0a
+0.13
7J.C
;4.2"S 859.8+ 2.2
567 90
N.W.
028
Mean
29.8s
-0.0s
63 .b
19-7 14.053.8- 2.3
30.s| 83 {
Vari-
able
1.72
Sept. 6. — Fine, but very cold day, wiih occasional gleams of
surshine. Fine clear night.
— 7. — Generally overcast sky, but fine day and night.
— 8.— Rain in the morning, afterwards fine. Fine clear
night.
— Q. — Very fine day throughout, nearly cloudless sky till
near midnight.
— 10.— Overcast all day, occasional gleams of light, then
rain from 6 P.M.
— II. — Very heavy rain early in the morning; dull, with
occasional rain after noon, and heavy rain at
night.
-Dull cloudy morning, with rain ; cleared up at
ID A.M. Fine mild day afterwards, and fine
clear night.
— 12 —L
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending September 8 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 29.18 inches at the
beginning of the week to 28. So inches by 4 P.M. on
the 2d (a point lower than any since October 24,
1882) ; it increased to 29.83 inches by midnight of
the 4th, decreased to 29.80 inches by 9 A.M. on the
5th, increased to 30.07 inches by midnight of the
same day, decreased to 29.89 inches by the afternoon
of the 6th, and increased to 29.94 inches by midnight
of the same day, decreased to 29.90 by 3 P.M. on the
7lh, and was 30.13 inches (the highest point reached
in the week) at midnight on the Sth.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.71 inches, being 0.16 inch lower than
last week, and 0.37 inch below the average for the
week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 56°. 5, on the 3d j the
highest reached, on the 6th, was 56°. 2. The mean of
the seven high day temperatures was 62°. 3, being 8'. 7
lower than last week.
The lowest temperature in the week was 43, °9, on
the 6lh ; the lowest temperature on the 2d was 56°.5.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
5o°.2, being 5°. I lower than last week.
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
l6°.5, on the 4th ; and the smallest was 4°.S, on the
2d. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 12°. i.
The mean temperatures were — September 2, 57°. 5 ;
on the 3d, 58°.5 ; on the 4th, 56°.6 ; on the 5th,
53°.2 ; on the 6ih, 50°. 6 ; on the 7th, 54°. 4; and on
the Sth, 56^.2 ; and these were all below the average
by I°.S, 0°.6, 2°. 2, 5°. 4 8°.2, 4°, and 2°. I re-
spectively.
The mean temperature of the week was 55°.3, being
3° 5 below the average for the week, and 6°.4 lower
than last week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 122°, on the 4th and 5th. The mean of the
seven readings was 102°.
The lowest readings of a thermometer with its
bulb on short grass was 38°, on the 6lh. The mean
of the seven readings was 43".
Kain. — Rain fell on four days to the depth ol o°.84
inch.
Kngland : Temperature. — During the week ending
September 8 the highest temperatures were 67" at
Brighton aiid llristol, and 66°. 9 at Cambridge ; the
highest at liolton was 60". i, at Wolverhampton was
61°. 8, and 63''.9 at Bradford. The general mean was
64''.5, being 10^.3 lower than in the preceding week.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 40°.!
at Wolverhampton, 40°.2 at Cambridge, and 41°. 6 at
Bolton ; the lowest, at Plymouth, Brighton, and
Bristol, was 47°. The general mean was 43°. 9, and
all these low temperatures took place on the morning
of Thursday, September 6.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 26°. 7 at Cambridge, 26° at Hull, and 24°. I at
Nottingham ; the smallest ranges were I3°.7 at Liver-
pool, 17° at Preston, and I7'.3 at Plymouth. The
general mean was 20°. 6.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 65°. 3, at Brighton 64°, and at
Hull 63°.3 ; and were lowest at Bolton, 57°.9, at Liver-
pool 58°.4, and at Wolverhampton 59°.?. The
general mean was 61°. 6, being 7°.2 lower than it was
last week.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures were
highest at Truro, 52°.6, at Plymouth 5t°.2, and
at Brighton 50°. 9 ; and were lowest at Hull, 46". 4,
at Wolverhampton 47°, and at Bolton 47°. 4. The
general mean was 49°. 8.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Hull, i6°.9, at Cambridge i6°.3, and at Notting-
ham 14°. I ; and were least at Liverpool, 8°, at Brad-
ford 9°.3, and at Preston 9°. 5. The general mean
was 11°. 8.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 56°,
at Brighton S5°.9, and at Cambridge 55°. 7 ; and was
lowest at Bolton, 51°.!, at Wolverhampton 5i°.8,
and at Liverpool 52". 9. The general mean was 54°. 2,
being 5°.5 lower than last week.
Jiain. — Rain fell on every day in the week at
northern stations, and on four or five at southern
stations. The largest falls were 1.74 inch at Preston,
1.69 at Plymouth, and 1.61 inch at Bolton. The
mean fall was 0.97 inch,
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing Sept. 8 the highest temperature was 66°. 3, at
Dundee ; at Glasgow the highest in the week was
6i°.8, The general mean was 64°. 3.
The lowest temperature in the week was 42°,
at Perth ; at Paisley the lowest in the week was
45°. The general mean was 43°. 5.
The mean temperature was highest at Leith,
55° ; and lowest at Aberdeen, 53°. The general
mean was 54°.5, being 2°. 7 lower than last week.
Rain. — ■ The largest fall was 1.82 inch, at
Aberdeen ; and the smallest was 0.12 inch at Leitb.
The mean fall was 0.73 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
©ijttttarg.
The news of the death, on the 7th inst., of the
Rev. H. Hakpur Crewe, of Drayton Beauchamp, if
it produce no feeling of surprise to those who have
known of his long sufferings, will none the less be
received with deep regret. Like many others, Mr.
Crewe's first hobby, so far as natural history goes,
was entomology ; but it is as a keen-sighted collector
and cultivator of hardy plants that he will be best
known to our readers, Mr. Harpur Crewe was a
member of the Council of the Royal Horticultural
Society, and acted for a time as Chairman of the
Floral Committee.
We have also to announce the death, on
the 7th inst., of Mr. George Berry, Forester
to the Marquis of Bath, at Longleat, Warminster,
Mr. Berry, who was much respected in and out of his
profession, and who did much at Longleat to make
wild gardening popular, about three weeks ago fell
while coming out of his bedroom and broke his leg.
Until the evening of the 6th inst. he appeared to be
progressing favourably, but a change set in, and he
expired as above stated early the next morning.
inquiries.
He that questioneth much sJtall learn much.^BACOU.
Heating Stove. — Will some of your subscribers
give me their opinion, from experience, as to which is
the best kind of greenhouse stove, for use in the building
itself, to which is attached a brick chimney, the stove
to cost about ^i, and to burn cinders or coke ? I should
also like to know the cost per 24 hours of fuel, and the
amount of heat generated by it. Also the name and
address of makers, i?. C. T.
348
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[September 15, 1883
EucHAEis Bulbs —H. A. G. asks if the same bulb
can be made to flower more than once in a season ? Can
any of our correspondents settle the point from actual
knowledge ?
Answers to Correspondents.
BOUVARDIA Spokt : Heath &• Son. It is the same as
General Garfield, a rose-coloured sport from Alfred
Neuner.
Clove Carnation : H'. C. Your seedling, named
Little Towler, from Susan Askey crossed with a pink
Carnation, is much the same in colour as Mr. Smyth's
Mary Morris, but is otherwise not comparable with
that variety, having the same habit of curling in the
petals when cut which is the one weak place in Susan
Askey 's character.
French Marigolds : Stuart &■ ifein. Your strain of
striped French Marigolds is one of the best, the
blooms being very neat in outline, and the markings
very correct
Fruit Shows : J. S. The Hereford Fruit Show takes
place on October 24 and 25. There will not be a large
international fruit show in London this year, but an
Apple show will be held at Chiswick from the 4th to
the l8th of October.
Fruit Trees foe a Suburban Garden: y. B.,
Brixton.— Apples : King of the Pippins and Cox's
Orange Pippin, for dessert ; and Lord Suffield and
Ecklinville SeedUng, for cooking. Plums: Belle de
Septembre, Denyer's Victoria, Green Gage, and Coe's
Golden Drop. Pears : Williams' Bon Chretien,
Louise Bonne of Jersey, Doyenne du Comice, and
Marie Louise ; and either Catillac or Verulam for
stewing.
Guano : A Young Gardener. If the guano is of good
quality, i oz. to a gallon of water is quite strong
enough. When added to water stir the liquor up well
overnight, and apply the next day when settled.
Insects : R. Young. One of the hawk moths— we
will tell you which ne.xt week.
Market Garden Ground : F. H. We should con-
sider ;^4 per acre a fair yearly rental for such land as
you describe.
Names of Fruits: T. Buckerfield. Pears: i, not
recognised ; 2, Beurr(; d'Aremberg, probably ; 3 and
<), Beurr^ d'Amanlis ; 5, Glou Morfeau.
Names of Plants : F. Lenz. Ferns cannot be pro-
perly named without fructification, and as most of
yours are very immature the names are to be taken
with a reservation, i, Hypolepis tenuifolia probably ;
2, Blechnum brasiliense, S.;3. Nephrodium molle ;
4, Pteris longifolia ; 5, Pteris arguta ; 6, Athyrium
Filix-fosmina, H. ; 7, Adiantum — not recognisable ;
8, Adiantum Capillus-veneris, HH. ; 9, Adiantum
formosum; 10, Adi.intum tenerum, S.; ir, Wood-
wardia radicans ; 12, Pteris serrulata cristata ; 13,
Phlebodium aureum, S. ; 14, Polystichum angularo
proliferum, H. ; 15, Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, H. ;
16, Asplenium bulbiferum, variety ; 17, Asplenium
bulbiferum probably, but young. Those maiked H.
are hardy; HH., half hardy; S., stove; the rest
require a greenhouse.— A. D. S. Nos. i, 2, and 3 are
varieties of Coleus, which we cannot attempt to name,
even if fresh ; 4, Hypolepis tenuifolia ; 5, an Adian-
tum— too immature ; 6, Onychium japonicum. — W.
Priest. Rodrigueziasecunda.— .S>M/^&ra. i. Daphne
laureola ; 2, Spiraea Douglasi ; 3. Hypericum Andro-
sa;mum ; 4, Thuia (Retinospora) pisifera nana; 5,
Eupatorium cannabinum ; 6, Juniperus chinensis. —
A. Sparey. i, Potentilla atrosanguinea ; 2, Geranium
pratense ; Potentilla — specimen insufficient ; 4, Tra-
descantia virginica ; 5, Geranium Vlassovianum ; 6,
Scabiosa atropurpurea, — Enquirer. Dabeocia polifoha.
— W. B. S. We cannot name it from such fragments.
— Reginald Young. Siccolabium Blumei and Phaius
(Thunia) albus var. flavotinctus. See descrip'.ion on
P- 33+)— ^- -J- I'- Please send abetter specimen with
lower stem leaves on it. — Cliarles Pocock. Ligustrum
sinense. — P.. G. Henderson if Son, Tigridia pavonia
var. alba. — y. Cornelius. The Abies appears to be A.
commutata, Parlat., which is probably a form of A.
Engelmanni. — Ignoramus. Cestrum aurantiacum. —
Camjee. We cannot name the Cedar without better
materials. It may be C. atlantica.— .S. F. df Co.
Limnanthes Douglasii.
Nvman s "Conspectus Florae Europ.e«:" E.H.M.S.
This is an augmented and revised edition of the Syl-
loge Florm EuropcEs. There is no general descriptive
flora of Europe.
Pansy : J. McD. &• S. We cannot judge Pansies by
single dried flowers.
Potatos : A Constant Reader cannot have been a very
attentive reader, or he would have seen that for many
years the word has been spelt in these columns with-
out the "e," in accordance with high authority, and
in conformity with other cases of the same kind.
TODEA superba : J. V. U. This is an evergreen
species, and should not be shown in a class for
herbaceous Ferns.
Wild Aster : T. The Asters are very numerous in
America, and we cannot tell which is the particular
one alluded to.
*,* AU communications intended for publication should
be addressed to the " Editor," and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
written on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.
Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply 0/ the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT
to the Editor.
1^" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Oflice Orders
are requested to send them to the PubUsher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to WilUam Richards, at the post-
office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
William Bull, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. —
Bulbs and Tuberous Rooted Plants.
Charles Turner, Slough— Choice Bulbous Roots.
G. Cooling & Son, Broad Street, Bath— Bulbs and
Spring Flowering Plants.
Petek James Perry, Banbury— Dutch and other Bulbs.
John JEFFERIES & Sons, Cirencester— Bulbs and Hardy
Plants. '
Henderson & Sons, Den Nursery, Brechin — Flower
Roots.
Hogg & Wood, Coldstream, N.B. — Select Dutch
Flower Roots.
W. P. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee — Dutch Flower
Roots.
James Cuthbert, 12, Clayton Square, Liverpool —
Dutch Flower Bulbs.
W. H. Rogers, 132, High Street Southampton— Dutch
Flower Roots.
E. G. Henderson & Son, Maida Vale, W.— Dutch
Bulbs and other Bulbous Flower Roots.
John Waterer & Sons, Bagshot, Surrey— Rhododen-
drons and other Hardy Plants.
Goldsmith & Co., 118, York Road, S.E.— Dutch and
other Bulbs.
Hooper & Co.. Central Avenue, Covent Garden— Dutch
and other Bulbs, &c.
Daniells Brothers, Norwich — Illustrated Catalogue
of Dutch Flower Roots.
Communications Received.— R. Gibbs (many thanks).—
Dr. Bennet.-A. F.— J. J. W.— Bulbophile.— W. S.— C. & R.
— C, V. M.-F. C. Lehmann.— H. H.— E. C. C. D.—
W.|T. I-R. H. V.-N. E. Br.-C. M. O.-Constant
Reader (we do not know) — R. B. L.— S. & S.- G. S. B —
P. G — W. K. R.— T. W.— W. H. S — J. W.-K. B. (next
week).— J. D.— M. D.-J. V. W.— The Mayor of Nice.—
Chev. de Monteiro. — The Secretary International Fore-Jtry
Exhibition —W. T. T. D — M F. — E. V. B — S. H.—
H. L. C— Billet Fiires.— F. v. M , Melbourne.
arlicts.
COVENT GARDEN, Scplembcr 13.
[The subjoined leports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.]
Our market has settled down into a very quiet state,
the supply ol all goods, with the exception of Damsons,
being fuUy equal to'the demand, and prices unaltered.
James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.
Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Pricks.
Aralia Sieboldii, per
dozen .. ..12
Arbor-vitse (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6
— (common), dozen 6
Asters, per doz. . . 4
Begonias, per doz. . . 6
Bouvardia, doz. . . 12
Caladiums. per doz. 6
Calceolarias, dozen,.. 4
Cockscombs, doz. .. 3
Coleus, doz 2
Dracaena term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz, . . 12
Erica, various, doz. iz
Euonymus, various,
per dozen .. .. g
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen , , . . 6
d.s.
d.
0-24
0
0-18
0
0-I2
0
0- q
0
0-12
0
o-ia
0
0-24
0
0- q
0
0- 6
0
0- 6
0
0-60
0
0-24
0
0-36
0
0-18
0-24
0
0
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4
Ficus elastica, each i
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each . . . , z
Fuchsias, per dozen 4
Hydrangea, per. doz. g
Lilium longiflorum,
per dozen. , . . 18
Liliums, various, doz. 12
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..iz
Mignonnette, doz. ,. 4
Myrtles, per doz. . . 6
Palms in variety,each 2
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . 2
— decorative, doz. 6
s. d. s. d.
0-18 o
6-70
O-IO o
0-90
0-24 o
0-42 o
0-33 o
0-24 o
0-60
0-60
0-12 o
Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.
Abutilon, 12 bunches 2
Asters, 12 bunches.. 2
— French, per bun. i
Bouvardias, per bun. i
Carnations, 12 blm£. 1
— 12 bunches . . 3
Cornflower, 12 bun., i
Dahlias, 12 bun .. 3
Delphinium, p. bun. o
Eucharis, per doz. .. 3
Eschscholtzia, 12 bn. 2
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladioli, 12 spikes., i
Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . . . . 3
— red, 12 blooms.. 1
Liliums, 12 bun. ..12
Lavender, 12 bun. .. 6
r. d. s. d.
0-40
0-60
0-30
o- ] f
0-30
0-60
6~ A Q
0-60
6- I o
0-60
0-40
0-60
0-30
6-10
0-60
Marguerites, 12 bun. 6
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2
Mirigolds, izbun. .. 2
Myosoiis, or Forget-
n>p-not, p. 12 bun. 2
Pansies, 12 bunches o
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. o
— zonal, 12 sprays o
Picotees, 12 bun. .. 2
Primula, double, bun. 1
Pyrethrum, 12 bun.. 3
Roses (indoor), doz. 2
— (outdoor),i2bun. 3
— coloured, doz. . . 3
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 4
Tropaeolum, 12 bun. i
White Jasmine, bun. o
0-60
g- 1 6
6- I o
3-06
0-60
0-16
0-60
0-60
0-60
c- 8 o
6-40
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.
■Apples, J^-sieve
Co^^s, per 10 J lb.
Figs, per dozen
Grapes, per lb.
Lemons, per case
s. d. s. d.
. 16-26
. 100 o- . .
. 10-..
. 10-20
. 2 J 0-30 O
S. d. S d.
Melons, each . . 10-30
Peaches, per doz. . . 16-40
Pine-apples, Eng., lb, 20-40
— St. Mich., each 3 6-10 o
P.ums, J-3-sieve .. 7 0-10 o
Vegetables— Average Petail Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, 'Globe,
20-30
04-..
o 3- •■
10-..
10-20
per doz.
Beans, French, lb. .
— Scarlet, per lb..
Beet, per doz.
Cabbages, per doz. .. u. «- ,£ u
Carrots, new, p. bun. 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
libh, dozen . . z o- 3 o
Celery, per bundle .. 16-..
Cucumbers, each . . 04-08
Endive, French, per
dozen . . ..20-..
Garlic, per lb. .. 10- ..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
Horse Radish, bund.
s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..10-..
— Cos, per do^en.. 16-..
Mint, green, bnnch.. 06-..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch .. 06- ..
— Spring, per bun, 06-..
Parsley, per bunch , . 04- . .
Peas, English, quart i c- ..
Radishes, per doz. .. 16-..
Small salading, pun. 04—..
Spinach, per bushel 26-..
Tomatos, per lb. . . o 6- o g
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 02-04
, 30-40
Potatos.— Kent Kidneys, ^^4 to £s per ton ; do.. Regents.
;^3 10s. to £$ per ton.
SEEDS.
London : Sepl. 12.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, of
37, Mark Lane, report that the seed market to-day was
poorly attended, and the business passing limited. There
is a better sale for Trifolium, owing to supplies being less
freely offered. Mustard and Rap^ seed are unchanged.
Winter Tares continue in fair request at a trifle less
money; the condition continues excellent. Full rates are
obtained for seed Rye. Some fine samples are now
coming forward of new English blue boiling Peas. Lin-
seed dull.
CORN.
At Maik Lane on Monday tlie trade all round was
very quiet, though English Wheat, from light supply and
relative cheapness, ruled firm at quite the previous
Monday's rates ; foreign, from the further large arrivals,
was difficult to place at previous rates, but sales were not
forced at any appreciable decline. Flour was a slack
trade at late values. Some samples of the new English
mailing Barley were shown, but business was not suffi-
cient to test quotations. Foreign grinding Barley was
steady in value. Beans and Peas were firm, the latter
rather dearer. Oats were slightly firmer than on Friday
last.— On Wednesday the supply of English Wheat was
small, and prices firm, but foreign Wheat met very little
inquiry, and remained nominally unaltered. Flour was
dull at late rates. Barley, Beans, and Peas were not in
large supply, and ruled fully steady. The market for
Odts was firm, but Maize was dull on lower quotations
from New York,— Average prices of corn for the week
ending September 8 :— Wheat, 41J. 8d. ; Barley,
32J. 10^. ; Oats, 20s. lid. For the corresponding period
last year .-—Wheat, 45J. gd. ; Barley, 36J. ; Oats,
22J. g(f.
CATTLE.
At Copenhagen Fields on Monday trade in beasts was
slow, the Deptford Market competing effectively. The
general top quotations could not be placed over 6s.
Danish and Swedish realised 41. 6d. to 4^. lod. ; Danish,
AS. 8d. to 5J. 2d. ; and Canadians, 5r. 2d. to 5^. ^d.
Sheep supplies were rather heavier than on Monday
se'nnight. Danish realised 5.^. 6d. to 6.r. ^d., and Cana-
dian, 6s. Foreign calves, though good in quality, sold
badly and decidedly lower. Quotations : — Beasts,
4J. 4d. lo^s. 4d., and ss. 6d. to 6j. ; calves, 5^, to 6s. ^d. ;
sheep, 55. M. to 6s. zd. and 6s. 6d. to 7^.— On Thursday
there was no feature in the cattle trade. A quiet busi-
ness was passing in all kinds of stock. Both beasts and'
sheep were quoted as on Monday ; calves and pigs un-
altered.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that
there were good supplies, but trade was dull on account
of the wet morning. Quotations :— Prime old Clover, looj.
to 120J. ; inferior, 6qs. to j'^s. ; prime second cut, qoj'. to
ioSj. ; best meadow hay, 8oj. to 88j. ; inferior. 4ar. to
65J. ; and straw, 295. to 37J. per load.— On Thursday
there was a moderate supply, and trade was slow,
except for straw, which was rather dearer.— Cumberland
Market quotations : — Superior meadow hay, 8oj. to 92J. ;
inferior, 631. to 75J. ; superior Clover, iioj. to 120J. ;
inferior, 751. t0 96j. ; and straw, 34J. to 4or. per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields markets reports state
that there have been fair supplies, but demand only
moderate, at the following figures : — Magnum Bonums,
905. to iDOJ. ; Kent Regents, Zos. to iooj. ; Essex
Regents, 8or. to 90J. ; and Roses, 6o.r. to 70J. per ton. —
The imports into London last week comprised 400 bags,
and 3 packages from Hamburgh, and 5 barrels from
New York.
Government Stock. — The closing prices of Con-
sols on Monday were looj to ioo| for delivery, and
iooy'ti to looj for the account. Tuesday's figures were
as on the previous day for dehvery, and loog to looj
for the account. The final quotations on Wednesday
were ioo| to iqo\ for both delivery and the account ;
and those on Thursday were ioo|^ for delivery and ioo|
for the account.
Septf.mher 15, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
349
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo^ Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices o£
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.G.
FRUIT BOXES.
Made of stout wood, p'aned and hiiiKed, wiih fastenines
and holes, through which a string can be passed and sealed
on ihe top to prevent all tampering or pilfering. Movable
wooden divisions keep each Peach or Bunch of Grapes in its
place. Wrapped in wool or tissue paper the Peaches fit in
firmly and never bruise.
Boxes for 12 Peaches, Is. each, or lis. 6d. per doz.
„ 24 „ 2s, „ 23s.
„ for Grapes, Sdivisions, roin. X4in. X4in., 4S. each.
THOS. CHRISTY & CO , 155, Fenchurch Street, E.C.
M.\MiFACTURKRS OK IIVDRO-INCUBAIORS.
IRONFENCINC,GATES,&':
No. 75. MELON or CUCUMBER FRAMES.
CASH PRICES— Carriage Paid.
No. I .. .. 8 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. jCs 7 6
No. 2 .. .. 12 ft, long .. 6 ft. wide .. 4 17 6
No. 3 .. .. 16 ft. long .. 6 ft. wide .. 676
1 hese Frames are it inches deep in Trent, and 24 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with a strong iron
strengthening rod, and one handle to each light. All painted four
coats of best oil colour, the lights being glazed with best 21-oz.
English glass.
B O I L B E S,
For heating all kinds ol Horticultural Buildings.
NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY. FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
Catalogues free on application
BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS
WOLVERHAMPTON
London Offices.S.Crooked Lane KingWiluiam ST,£C
Cucumber Frames.
KHALLIDAY and CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England : — £, s. d.
2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) ParVin.* f 3 10 o
3-liehtframe. i2feetby6feet ^ P^^^ff^fg ^ 5 5 o
6-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet ) 1 10 o o
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.
R. HALLIDAY and CO.. Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester.
JOHI WAEIER & SOIS
By Special Appointment.
Crescent Foundry
CRIPPLEOATE,
LONDON, E,C.,
and the Foundry Woiks,
WALTON - ON - THE - NAZE,
Essex.
Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers, Bell and Brass
Founders, Braziers, and Coppersmiths.
By Special Appointment.
Manufacttirers of
GILBERT'S
Patent HandligMs
and Improved Regis-
tered and Patent
Handlights and Re-
spirators.
First Prize Silver Medals awarded to 'John
IVarner &' Sajts^ by the Royal Horticuitural
Society, at tlieir Exktbittons in London, May,
and 1883, for Garden Engines, &^t'.
7. W. &• Sons' Horticultural List, and Wind,
IVater, Steam, Horse, and Manual Power Pump-
ing Machinery Catalogues, on application.
HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, in EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &o.
n
o
"Z
H
o
H
O
>
HOT -WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES. SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS, DRTINa ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDIIIGS Of EVERY DESCRIfTION.
CHOUSES &MaT1NG>I
^HICHCAtE ROAD .LONDON .N.W/^
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS.
HI, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C.
W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estuuates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at iji, BunhiU
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists ol Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one wiih a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn ri^ht over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —
6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free, £t 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 4 15 o
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, „ 3 15 o
12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 6 10 o
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
R. HALLIDAT ft CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.
"ART WITH ECONOMY."
Illustrated Catalogue of Ornamental Conservatories.
Flans, prices, and particulars of GROWING HOUSES.
NURSES YMEN'S CHEAP GREENHO USES,
PLANT FRAMES, &C.
CHEAP ART SUMMER-HOUSES.
Prospectus of Works of Reference on
Horticultural Buildings and Hot-water Heating.
By F. A. FAWKES, F.R.H.S.
Any of the above Post- free on application to
T. H. P. DENNIS & CO.,
MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS. LONDON. E.C.
Works : CHELMSFORD.
BROTHERS & CO.
{LIMITED).
6, WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL, S.W.
Builders of Conser-
vatories and ail descripi-
tions of Hothouses and
Rocfs, in I ron and
Wood, or a combina-
tion of both, on their
Patent System, with-
out Pulty, or, with
Putty, in the ordinary
way, if preferred.
CORRUGATED IRON STRUCTURES for all purposes.
Plans and Estimates submitted free of cost.
HEATING by HOT W AT £ R. on the best Principles
JOHNSON
350
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
THE GARDENER^ CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head LiTie charged as tiuo,
4 Lines . . . . ;£o 3 o 15 Lines . . ..£086
5 „ .. .. o 3 6 16 ,, .. ..090
6 „ .. .. o 4 o 17 „ .. ..096
7 „ .. ., o 4 6 18 ,, .. .. o 10 o
8 ,, .. .. o 5 o 19 „ .. .. o 10 6
9 „ .. .. o 5 6 20 o II o
10 ,. .. ..060 21 ,, .. .. o II 6
11 „ .. ..066 22 ,, .. .. o 13 o
12 „ ., ..070 23 „ .. .. o 12 6
13 ,t .. ,. o 7 6 24 , o 13 o
14 080 25 ,, .. .. o 13 6
AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE,
If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J.
Page £^00
Half Page 500
Column 3 5 (^
GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words IS. 6^., and 6^. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
- IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
ret%tmed to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, sr. each insertion.
Advertisements for the cnj^ent week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.
AH Subscriptions payable in advance.
The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,\ 3J, \od. ; 6 Months,
lis. 11^. ; 3 Months, 6j.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,
£\ 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, ^i Ss. 3d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C.» to W. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Rt^istered Trade Mark.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordmary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. Sd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" Piercejield Park. June zz, 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully, Wm. Cox."
C-^£/7'/0iV.— Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they leceive, scamp it as a truly genuine anicle.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. fi:c., sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
HOSE.
PATENT RED-RUBBER GARDEN HOSE.
Stands severe tests of Government Departments, thus prov-
ing superiority of quality. Lasts four times as long as ordinary
Indiarubber Hose, Lighter in Weight, Greater in Strength, and
Cheaper in the long run than any other Hose for Garden Use.
A correspondent writes : — ** I have had a length of your Red-
Rubber Hose in use nine years, and it is now as good as ever."
Sample and Price of
MERRYWEATH ER & SONS,
63, Long Acre, W.C. ; and Greenwich Road, London, S.E.
4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. -^d. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 45. 6d. each.
Price List on application.
JAMBS GRAY.
CONSERVATORIES,
VINERIES,
ORCHID and PLANT HOUSES, &c., &c.
HOT-WATER APPARATUS for all purposes,
BOILERS, CASTINGS, &c., &c.
Best Materials and Workmanship. Moderate Prices.
Works and Offices— Danvers Street, Chelsea, London, S.W.
UtbogTapiilc Coloured Plates of Vegetables, Fruits,
FLOWERS. &C., or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
CATALOGUES.
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, Lithographer
to the Royal Academy, 15, Rue du Boulevard, Brussels.
Established iSzg. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Natural History. Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that maybe required, and Estimates will
be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER. 149, Kingsland Road, London. E.
UN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES^
Threadneedle Street, E.C. ; Charing Cross, S.W, ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE.— Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at
moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large Bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.
Accidents 1-64, ComhllL
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;^i,ooo,ooo.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;C25o,ooo, Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;^ 1,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Cornhill. London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
ONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ^^200,000. — Reserve Fund, ;{^75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ;^io to
j^sooo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removaL
Also upon life pohcies and deeds from £,% per cenL from one
month to 15 years. No suieties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ^250,000 per aimum.
Prospectus post-fiee.
(Established 1867.)
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.
EDITED BY DE. F. M. HEXAMER.
To any one who owns a Flower-Pot, a Garden, or a Farm,
It Is Indispensable,
because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It Is Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.
It is always Seasonable,
bscause it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.
It is Clean and Pure,
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums.
In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.
Subscription Price, ^s. per year, including foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
071 New-York or London.
B. K. BLISS & SONS, Publishers.
34, BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK. U.S.A.
Belgian,
BULLETIN d'ARBORI CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burvk-
NicH. F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, lor. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanica Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.
LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY,
A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students,
&c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price sx. dd,
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouverie
Street. E.C.
" There's not a headache in a hogshead of it."
A Guarantee : —The finest Irish Whiskey in the World is
" SPECIAL
JURY "
V/HISKEY.
Every Bottle Guaranteed.
Guaranteed never bottled under SEVEN years old.
Guaranteed same as supplied to Vice-Regal Suites at Im-
perial Hotel, Belfast.
Guaranteed same as supplied to Guards' Club, Pall Mall,
Guaranteed always good alike. [London.
Guaranteed mellow and pure.
Guaranteed best stimulant for Invalids.
Guaranteed best stimulant for Convalescents.
Guaranteed the most wholesome beverage for all.
It is agreed on all sides that New Whiskey is quite unfit to
drink. It produces headache and prostration, by reason of the
fustl oil it contains, which is inseparable from all Whiskey under
a certain age, and which nothing but age can eliminate.
The consensus of opinion of the Medical Press and of the
Profession at large is that Fine Old Irish Whiskey is the best
stimulant known, not only for Invalids, but for the robust. Such
a desideratum is guaranteed to be
"SPECIAL JURY "WHISKEY.
Sample Bottle (Parcels' Post) .. .. 4s. I Carriage
Sample Quarter Dozen Case .. .. 12s. ( Paid
Sample Half Dozen Case 24s. f (United
Sample Dozen Case (2 Gallons full) .. 48s.; Kingdom).
Post-office Orders to sole Owner of Brand,
W. J. JURY, Belfast.
Guarantee.— Money returned in every cass where satisfac-
tion is not given. Established 1864.
N. E. The price of Whiskey should be regulated by its age.
FOREMAN.— Mr. F. W. Burbidge be^s to
thank the numerous applicants who responded 10 his
advertisement, and to say that Mr. JOHN A. HALL (late
Royal Gardens. Kcw) HAS BEEN APPOINTED.
PaIiTNER WANTEDrhi a"good~going
Florist and Seed Business in the Midland Counties. A
splendid opportunity for a man with moderate capital. — X. Y.'
Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 4:, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C^,
GENTLEMAN in Colorado (United
States), wishes to ENGAGE a GARDENER, place
Single-handed with occasional help. Wages ;^ 100, with house
and coals. Half the journey money paid.— E. (^. LODER,
F.R.H.S., Floore, Weedon, Northamptonshire.
Vy ANTED, to Assist a Florist, near
T T Brighton, of 50 years' experience, a young, energetic,
or middle-aged married MAN, desirous of a siart in life in the
business. Must be a good Soft-wooded Plant and Cut Flower
Grower for London, Brighton, and other markets. A good
Ten-roomed House, an Acre of Land, and 8 Greenhouses, close to
a station ; no stock ; or a Lease for 70 years granted— Address
first, by letter only, to T. W. J., Mr. Benett, Florist, Grand
Row, Covent Garden, W.C.
Gardener (Single-handed).
WANTED, AT ONCE, for the Preston
Pleasure Gardens, a steady, competent man, to Grow
Mushrooms, Tcmatos, Strawberries (forced), and other Fruit,
for Sale. He must have a good knowledge of Bedding Plants
and ordinary Florists' Flowers, and be of excellent cliaracter.
No incumbrance preferred. House and coals, salary, and com-
mission on all sales. Ample glass on the place. Occasional
assistance.— T. .M. SHUTTLEWORTH, Esq., Solicitor.
25. Hinckley Square, Preston, Lancashire.
ANTED, a GARDENER, who under-
stands Grapes, Fruit Trees, Plants and Vegetables,
and does not object to House-work. Wages 2tJ. per week with
lodging. Must have two years* character from [late employer. —
Apply by letter to Mr. COX. Cranbourne Lodge. Enfield.
ANTED, a GARDENER, who under-
stands Grape Growing, where another is kept, to
Manage a Small Garden.— Reply by letter, stating wages re-
quired, references, and all particulars, 10 WM. E. CHAM BERS.
Esq., 40, Seething Lane, London, E.C.
WANTED, as GARDENER and GROOM,
with a fair knowledge of Greenhouse Work, one that
would not object to a Cow, age about 30, married, no children.
Wages 2C5. per week, and cottage. If wife understands Dairy and
Laundry Work will be an advantage. Good character indis-
pensable.—BEECH, Benjamin Throp & Sons, Nurserymen and
Seedsmen, 27, Union Street, Halifax, Yorkshire
ANTED, a GENERAL NURSERY
FOREMAN, for a large Provincial Nursery. Must
be a man of thorough business habits, ability, energy, and good
address, with a good practical knowledge of Nursery Work
and Value of Stock, accustomed to Control and Direct a Large
Staff of Hands, and prompt execution of Orders. No one need
apply who has not held a similar appointment — Apply, stating
age, where last and previously employed, and salary required,
to B,X., Messrs. Nutting & Sons, 60, Barbican, London, E.C.
ANTED, a PROPAGATOR and
GROWER. Must be a first-class Grower of Pot
Roses, Soft and Hard-wooded Stuff, as well as the usual Deco-
rative Plants, Cut Flowers, &c., to furnish a Retail Trade.
Preference given to one from a Market Nursery. To an ener-
getic and suitable man this will be a permanent situation.—
Apply, stating references, age, and wages expected, to ALEX.
DICKSON AND SONS, Nurserymen, Nswlownwards, Belfast.
Septemher is, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
351
WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER. Mu'it understand Grapes, Cucumbers,
Peaches, and Flowers ; also be willing to be useful.— ALPHA,
Horncastle's, Cheapside, E.G.
WANTED, a GROWER of Mignonette
and Stock. -Apply by letter, JOHN LEWES,
Acton, W.
WANTED, a JOURNEYMAN to Work in
Houses, and Outside when required. WaRes, 151. per
wdek and Bothy. — G. FRANCIS, Coclcley City Hall,
SwafTham, Norfolk.
WANTED, a young MAN, well up in
General Florist Work for Market.— ^Iust be thoroughly
enerRctic and iruslworthy. Rising wages.— Address, stating
particulars lo W. RING, Kew.
WANTED, an industrious MAN for the
Houses— one from a Market Nursery prefeired. — State
reference, wages required, &c., to J. BRYSON, Parkend
Nurstry, Helensburgh. N.B,
WANTED, a young MAN who has finished
his apprenticeship. Must be well recommended. —
Apply, slating salary, to JAMES MORGAN, Seedsman,
Paisley.
WANTED, for a Belfast House, an active
and trustworthy young MAN, to take char;;e of
Counter. Must have a good practical knowledge of Vegetable
and Fluwer Seeds, Sundries. &c. — Apply at once, giving full
particulars, and state age, salary. &c., to WILLIAM
WaTSON, 26, Ponsonby Avenue, Belfast.
Nursery and Seed Trade.
WANTED, to Travel in Ireland and else-
where, an active and intelligent young MAN, with a good
knowledge of both branches. —Address, stating age. if married
or single, experience, references, salary expected, &c., O. B,
Gardcncfi Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.
To the Seed Trade.
WANTED, an active young man of good
address, as SHOPMAN, and to assist generally in a
Retail Establishment as required. Must have a good know-
ledge of Garden and Farm Seeds. — Apply, stating age, ex-
perience, and salary required, to A., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152,
Houndsditch, London, E.
ANTED, a SHOPMAN. One well
acquainted with the Wholesale London Seed Trade. —
P. L., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, W.C.
ANTED, a WAREHOUSEMAN, for a
London Wholesale House. One experienced in the
Management of Pea Pickers, and other Warehouse Duties. —
WAREHOUSE, GnrJitirrs' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.
ANTED, a HANDY MAN, to Paint,
Glaze, and do Rough Carpentering in a Nursery. — H.
MARSHALL, The Nurseries, Barnham, Bognor.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be inade payable at
DRURY LANE.
To Noblemen and CSentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.
JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holbom, W.C.
I C H ARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
"P G. HENDERSON and SON
J- J • have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and good character waiting re-engagements
as HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring such. — Pine-
apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W,
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY" (John Cowan), Limited, Garston, wish to
inform any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in want of a
first-rate man as GARDENER, or GARDENER and
BAILIFF, that they are at present in a position to recommend
an exceptionally good man.
To Gentlemen.
jV/TANAGER. — Twenty years' experience ; to
-*-'-*• Grow for Market extensively. Grapes, Peaches,
Tomatos, Cucumbers, and Plants for Cut Flowers. Highest
references.— A. S., 17. Water Lane, Watford.
ARDENER (Head).-^5 Bonus to any
_ person who may be the means of the advertiser securing
a suitable situation. First-class character and references.— M.,
Mrs. Ackiill, 12, North Row, Park Lane, London, W.
(^ARDENER (Head).— Age 30, married,
W no children ; thorough practical knowledeeof all branches
of GardeniDg. First-class character — C RITCHINGS, The
Gardens. Monk's Orchard, Beckenham, Kent.
jn ARDENER (Head).— Age 27, married;
V>^ fourteen years' experience. Can be highly recommended
from present and previous situations. — J. S., Scampston
Gardens. Rillington, York.
r^ARDENER (Head).— Age 30, single ; has
V^ a thorough knowledge of Fruit Growing. Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, and Kitchen and Flower Gardening.—
Address, with particulars, to B. ALMOND, High Seaton,
Workmgton.
GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentle-
man requiring the services of a thorough practical man
in all the various branches. — Age 40, married, no incumbrance ;
good character from last employer. Wife a good Laundress. —
SAMUEL PICKERSGILL, 41, Lees Street, Kidderminster.
GARDENER (Head).— Wm. Alexander,
for nearly five years Gardener to Sir Hugh Dalrymple,
Bart., Luchie, leaves in October, and is desirous of securing
another situation in the above capacity. — WM. ALEXANDER,
Luchie Gardens, North Berwick, East Lothian.
GARDENER~(^Head).— Age 40, married ;
twenty-four years' practical experience in Noblemen's and
Gentlemen's Establishments. Excellent reference from present
employer. — C. CHAPLINj The Gardens, Jersey House,
Withington, Manchester.
GARDENER (Head) ; age 31, married.—
H. A. SiMONDS, Esq., can highly recommend his Head
Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman. A thoroughly experi-
enced man in all branches of the profession. Sixteen years*
experience. First-class testimonials. — HEAD GARDENER,
Barton Courf, Hungerford, Berks.
GARDENER (Head), where three or more
are kept, — Scotch, married, two children ; thoroughly
understands his work, both Outdoor and Under Glass; also
Management of Stock. Six years' character. Reason for
leaving, place being sold. — J. MABIN, Orleans Club,
Twickenham.
GARDENER (Head" Working)! — Many
years' practical experience in every branch of the pro-
fession. Good character. — G. S., Mr. Richards, Fruiterer,
High Street, Hythe, KenjL_ ^
GARDENER (Head Working).— Has had
considerable experience in all branches of Gardening.
Good references. Four years in present situation.— S. SMITH,
Osbaston Hall, Hinckley, Leicester.
ARDENER (Head Working).— Age t.()\
fourteen yeara' practical experience in all branches of
the profession. Good character from late and previous employer.
— GEORGE DONALD. 23, Frederick Street, New Cross
Road, London. S, E.
ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.—
Mr. H. Ballantvnk, Gardener, The Dell, Egham, will
be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentleman a first-class
man as above. Good testimonials. — Apply, in first instance, to
G. WARRINGTON, The Gardens. Eden Hall. Penrith.
GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30 —
Mr. B. Beale. Gardener to E. A. Hambro, Esq., Hayes
Place, Hayes, Beckenham. Kent, can with every confidence
recommend his Foreman, Charles Blick, who has been with him
two and a half years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the
service oj a thorough good Gardener. First-class character and
testimonials.
ARDENER (Head Working), or FORE-
MAN in a large establishment. — Age 27, single ; fourteen
years' experience. Good references. — Apply, stating wages,
&c., to F. A.. Newton College, Dunotlie Road, London, N.W.
ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
— Age 30, married ; has a thorough practical knowledge
of Gardening in all ils branches.— C. WATSON, The Cottage,
Gonville Nursery, Cambridge.
ARDENER.— Age 25; eight years' Gar-
dener to the late Mr. J. R. Scott, of Walthamstow.
Understands Orchids. Good references. — B. SHIP. Mrs. Scott,
The Dnve, Walthamstow.
GARDENER (Good), and could undertake
the Painting and Glazing of Lights. — Middle-aged,
single ; sober, steady, respectable. Has been in business.
High salary not so much an object as a comfortable place. —
A. B., 3, Norfolk Place, Sidcup, Kent.
GARDENER (Single-handed, or where
help is given),— Age 28, married, two children : three and a
half years' good character from present situation. — W. WAKE-
LING. The Tilt, Cobham, Surrey.
GARDENER (Single-handed, or where
help is given). — Age 23, single ; has a general knowledge
of the profession. Good lecommendations. — C. W., 13,
Uverdale Road, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
/TJ-ARDENER (Single-handed, or Second
vJ in a good establishment). — Age 22 ; good recommenda-
tion.— F. ALLEN. Stratton, near Dorchester, Dorset.
ARDENER (Second, or good Single-
handed) — Age 23 : ten years' experience in all branches.
Good character.— E. ASHDOWN, Seal, near Sevenoaks, Kent.
ARDENER (Second).— Age 22 ; well up
in Glass Departments. Willing to assist outdoor if
required. Six years' experience. Good character, — W.
YEAMANS. 56, Franchise Street, Derby.
GARDENER (Second), where two or three
more are kept, or under a Foreman in a large place. —
Age 22. single ; two and a half years' good character at present
situation. — G, B., 35, Minnie Terrace. Keen's Road, South
Croydon.
GARDENER, where more than one is kept,
or as FOREMAN. — Unmarried; recommended by a
Gentleman. Understands Gardening in alt branches. — Rev.
S. B, BROWNE, Framsden, Stoneham, Suffolk.
T^RDENER and PROPAGATOR.— Seven
V-* years' good experience in all nursery branches in different
countries. Good character from last employer, — O. S., Moulsey
Cottage. Creek Road, East Moulsey, Surrey,
ARDENER and BAILIFF.— Married, no
family ; has a thoroueh knowledge of the profession in
all its branches, including Early and Late Forcing ; also the
Management of Home Farm. Has a good knowledge of Land
and Stock, Woods, Timber, and General Estate Work. Has
served five years in the above capacity with a Nobleman,
through whose death he is now leaving. Can be well recom-
mended.—F. CORBOULD, Tandridge Court, Godstone.
ARDENER (Under), or GARDEN
LABOURER.— Young. respecUble.-H. CORNISH.
Market Place, Westbury. Wdtshire.
FOREMAN, in a good estabhshment. — Age
24 ; good character from present and previous employers.
-JOHN YULL, J. Yull, The Nursery, Birston. Dereham,
Norfolk.
FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
Garden, or good SECOND.— Good knowledge of the
profession both inside and out. Good character and testimonials.
— H. RICHARDSON. 7, Park Cottages, Hurstpierpomt,
Sussex,
ii^OREMAN, in the Houses, on some large
place. — Age 24 ; nine and a halt years' experience in
Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen
and Flower Gardening. Good references. — H. GILBERT,
Gardens, Thame Park, Thame. Oxon.
F^ o'REMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.
— Age 24 ; ten years' experience ; four years in last place.
Highly recommended. — HORTUS, 22. Ellesmere Street,
Crumpsal, Manchester.
OREMAN, in the Houses, or FIRST
JOURNEYMAN; age 22. — I can thoroughly recom-
mend a man as above. Has been with me two years in the
houses. Bothy preferred. — All paiticutars fiom A. McAUS-
LAN. Gardener, Cabtlette, Keswick, Cumberland.
ROPAGATOR and GROWER, Hard and
So't-wooded. — Well up in Market Work. — W. B., i,
Eden Villas, Homesdale Road, Bromley, Kent, S.E.
To Nuiserymen.
PROPAGATOR (Indoors).— Age 24; ten
years' practical e,\perience in the Propagating and Grow-
ing of Roses, Clematis, Conilerse, and General Soft-wooded
Stuff. Good at Bouquets and Wreaths. First-class references.
— Apply, stating wages to E. G. W., The Gardens, Peasmarsh
Place, Sussex.
JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment,
inside or out. — B. Stone, The Gardens, Elkington Hall,
Louth, Lincolnshire, would be pleased to recommend a young
man as above. — Apply as above.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
establishment. — Age 22 ; good references from present
and previous employers. — W, GIBSON, The Gardens, Powis
Castle, Welshpool, North Wales.
JOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's establish-
ment, where he can Improve in the General Routine of
Gardening. — Age 50 ; good character and obliging. Bothy
preferred. — J. M , Park Cottage, Harrow Weald, Stanmore,
Middlesex.
IMPROVER. — A GENTLEMAN wishes to
recommend a young man (age 20) as Assistant in a Garden,
as Improver. Excellent character, — Mr. W. SMITH, Birch
Hall, Colchester,
T^ b HEAD GARDENERS. -The Advertiser
can strongly recommend a man well up in the Kitchen
Garden Work. Age 26, married, no family. — W. H.. Warley
Hall. Birmingham.
BAILIFF, to look after a small Farm for a
Gentleman, or any place of trust. — A Farmer's Son
(age 37), married, without encumbrance, wishes for a situation
as above. Understands Nursery Trade, Propagating, and Green-
house Work.— W. T., 267, Shakespeare Road, Heme Hill, S.E.
STATE MANAGER.— Mr. Alfred
OuTRAM will have great pleasure in recommending to
any Nobleman or Gentleman a thorough practical man capable
of Managing a Large Estate, well versed in the various branches
connected with Gardening, Woods, Forest, Farming, and Stock
Raising. The very highest of testimonials can be produced.
— R. G., ?2, Lowlher Street, Kendal.
O SEEDSMEN.— A Seedsman and Market
Gardener, who is retiring from business, is desirous of
placing his Son, aged 18. good Writer and Quick at Figures, in
a good Retail Seed Establishment, as IMPROVER, and with the
object of becoming a Partner if necessary. —GEOKGE WIN-
FIELD. 2. Annan Villas, St. Mark Street, Gloucester.
SHOPMAN (Head), or position of trust. —
Age 28 ; would take a journey. Nine years' experience
of London trade. First-class references. — B. X.. Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
SHOPMAN, or to take Management of
Small Retail Business. — Several years' experience in all
branches of Seed Trade, also Bouquets, Wreaths, &c. Good
references, and satisfactory reasons for leaving present situation.
— W, G., The Nurseries. Warminster.
HOPMAN (Head), or SECOND in a good
House — Age 23 ; eight years' experience. Highly recom-
mended. — A, B., 3, Park Terrace, Cavendish Road,
Balham, S.W.
SHOPMAN, or otherwise. — Many years' ex-
perience in the Seed Trade and Sundries. Would accept
Commissions on moderate terms. — ALPHA, 15, London Street.
Paddington. W.
SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT).— Age 27 ; four
years' experience, thoroughly steady, honest, and trust-
worthy. Well recommended.— ALPHA, 184, Milkwood Road,
Heme Hill, London, S.E.
O FLORISTS and SEEDSMEN.—
Wanted by a young Lady, a re-engagement. Seven
years' experience. Good references.— Miss HOWES, 22,
South Grove, Peckham, S.E.
HOLLOWAY'SOINTMENTand PILLS.—
Indisputable Remedies.— In the use of these medica-
ments there need be no hesitation or doubt of their cooling,
healing, and purifying propertits. Imagination can scarcely
conceive the marvellous facility with which this Unguent relieves
and heals the most inveterate sores and ulcers, and in cases of
bad legs and bad breasts they act like a charm. The Pills are
the most effectual remedy ever discovered for the Cure of Liver
and Stomach Complaints, diseases most disastrous in their
eflfecls, deranging all the proper functions of the organs affected.
inducing restlessness, melancholy, weariness, inability to sleep,
and pain in the side, until the whole system is exhausted. These
wonderful Pills, if taken according to the printed directions ac-
companying each box, strike at the root of the malady, stimulate
stomach and liver intoahealthyaction, and effectacomplete cure.
352
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 15, 1883.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS.
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, \i,th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883
Patent Reliance Rotary Valvea.
S. OWENS & CO.,
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS.
WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.C.
THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.
This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.
No. 37. DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.
No. 63. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or
Steam Power. [Gardens, &c.
No. 463. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. 5oands4<j. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.
No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.
No. 54^. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the
Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.
No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.
No. 39J. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for
Garden use.
S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hydraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
W.ATER- WHEELS. WARMING APPARATUS, B.\THS, DRYING CLOSETS, G.\SWORKS. Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &o. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates Jurnished.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.
No. 28. -Terminal End
Boiler.
No. 43.— Dome-Top Eol'er.
STEVEN BROS. & CO.,
IRONFOUNDERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF HOT-WATER APPARATUS,
35 and 36, UPPER THAMES ST., LONDON, B.C.
The Milton Hot water Valve.
VENTILATINC CSEEN HOUSE CEARDn
Illustrated Price List on application.
Special Prices quoted for quantities.
GARDEN BOLLEBS
The Largest and Best Stock of Hot-water Boilers, Pipes, Connections,
Coil Boxes, Coil Cases, Furnace Fittings, &c., in London.
STEVEN BROS. & CO , HOKTIOTJLTUKAL and GENEBAL IBONFOUNDEES.
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS,
Price 3d., Post Free 3^d.
W. RICHARDS. 41, WELLINGTON STREET. STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
Editorial CommunicatioDs should be addressed to "The Editor;" Adveriisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Welliueton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C,
"^«? ^y William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. BBADBUfiV. Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Pubhshed by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, September 15, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbkzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
€sitatJli6j)eli i84i.
No. 508.-V0L. XX. {s^k'=,L} SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 2:
1883. {
Registered at the General ] Price 5d.
Post-office as a Newspaper, j PosT-FREE, 5J1/.
CONTENTS.
Acer circinatum . .
At.-rides, new
Amaryllis belladonna . .
Angclonia Erandiflora ..
Apple, National Con-
gress . . .. 368. 375,
Boltonia indica ..
Broomeia congregata . .
Bulbs, spring, lor cool
greenhouse
Calceolaria amplexicaulis
Cattleya anrea ..
Cattleya;:, large- flowered
Cioutchonc gathering . .
Chrysanlhemum Society
,, coronarium
Conifers, cones and ber-
ries, harvesting
Crocus vallicola ..
Cinchona in Bengal
Correspondence, foreign
Ciierden Hall
Cycad, a new Mexican . .
Cycas revohita . .
Dahlias, single ..
„ bedding
Education, horticultural
Eucharis
Fences, slate
Flowers, the fertilisation
of .. ..
Forestry, fluctuations in
,, and Horticultural
International Exhi-
bition
Fruit garden, the hardy
Fuchsia Madame Cornel-
lisen
Fungi. British, illustra-
tions of ..
Gardening appointments
Gloxinias ..
Grapes and vineries
Holiday. August, short .
Hyacinths ..
Ipomo^a lilicaulls
Irises, notes on ..
Judging at shows
Lapagerias
Lobelia pumila magnifica
London to Calcutta in a
week
Masdevallia Reichcn-
bachia var, aiirantiaca
Masdevallia trich^ete
Melrosideros buxifolia ..
Montbtetia rosea
Mucuna imbricata
Nomenclature, novelties
in. .
Onion, a variegated
Orchid notes and glear.-
ings
Peach curl, the . .
Pear trees, root-pruning .
PeUrgonium Indian Yel-
low
Phloxes, herbaceous
Plants at Hay Lodge . .
,, new South Ameri-
can
Potato Show, Inter-
national . .
Potatos, the moulding of
., newer kinds of
Publications received
Rhododendron, hybrid ..
Rhus Cotinus
Rockwork
Roses, old and new
Salvia Rcemeriana
Sanitarium, a national ..
Sanche2ia nobilis
Scabiosa Hookeri
Sigmatostalix malleifera
Scrophularia aqualica
variegala
Serapias cordigera
Shrubs, hardy climbing. .
Societies : —
Cryptogamic of Scot-
land
Royal Caledonian Hor-
ticultural
Tomatos
Tricyrtis hirta
Unexhausted manures,
compensation tor
Verbenas at Chlswick . .
Veronicas . .
Weather, the
Zephyranthes macrosi-
phon
Zygopetalum forcipatum
360
360
371
370
370
377
37^
366
3*^7
377
367
377
375
364
370
376
365
371
376
377
370
374
37 1
370
373
373
360
373
376
375
378
378
378
373
377
359
375
376
379
373
360
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Broomeia congregata .. 373
Cattleya Warneri . . ,, .. ,. 369
Slate Fences 364, 365
q^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
L IN AMERICA.
The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.
Agent for America :—C. H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.
BOROUGH of HACKNEY CHRYSAN-
THEMUM SOCIETY.
ROYAL AQUARIUM. WESTMINSTER, WEDNESDAY
and THURSDAY, November 14 and 15. The following
amounts are offered in Prizes : —
About SIXTY POUNDS for Cut Blooms.
„ FORTY-FIVE POUNDS for Specimen Plants.
,, TWENTY-SIX POUNDS for Fruits and Vegetables.
,. TWENTY POUNDS for Grapes. &c., &c.
Schedules are now ready, and may be had on application to
WILLIAM HOLMES, Honorary Secretary.
Frampton P.irk Nursery, Hackney, London, E.
1RS4 I P RAND^FLO^RAL FETE, YORK
""*■ I VT (Twenty-sixth Year), JUNE it, 12, and 13.
Schedules ready early in January next. Apply to
JNO. WILSON, Secretary, Yotk.
ARNATION, " MARY MORRIS."
Plants ready for delivery in October.
First-class Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
1882. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, of
great size, very full, and of perfect bhape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardeners' Chronicle^ August 4, 1883, page 146.
Price and all particulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C.
A Q U I LE G I A GLANDULOSA
XA. (GRIGOR'S. guaranteed true).
Twelve Plants of this beautiful Columbme, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kingdom, at ds. per
dozen. Cash with order,
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres, N.B.
TVIES — IVIES— IVIES.—
-L Broad and Narrow- leaved. Gold and Silver Variegated,
from pots 91. per dozen. Six or more, fine healthy plants
(my own selection), delivered free on receipt of Postal Order.
E. CHAMBERLAIN, Nurseryman, i, Pilgrim's Lane,
Hampstead, N.W.
To Murserymen and Gardeners.
TO BE SOLD, by Private Contract, a nice
Collection of medium size GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
For particulars apply to
W. STEVENS, Walton, Stone, Staffordshire.
BULBS.— SPECIAL OFFER TO THE
TRADE. — Large Purchasers should send for Jamhs
Cartbr, Dunnet, and Beale's special offer of White Roman
HYACINTHS. Paper-white NARCISSUS. Double Roman
NARCISSUS, yellow CROCUS, SNOWDROPS. SCILLA
SlBIRiCA. , , „, ^
237 and 238, High Hotborn, London, W.C
/CHOICE FLOWERS for WINTER.—
\J TREE CARNATIONS, Gloire de Nancy, La Ilelle,
A Alegati^TC. and other fine kinds, strong plants, 40T. per 100.
BOUVARDIAS, fine plants, with 15 to 30 shoots, best market
sorts, including Alfred Neuner, 40J. per loo.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.
RIMULAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEO-
LARI AS. — Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans-
planted Seedlings, at 8j. per 100, 705. per 1000. package and
carriage free for ca^h with orders. Good strong Marechal Niel
and other Tea ROSES, in 48-pots, at dos. per 100.
T. FLETCHER and SON, Florists, &c., Chesterfield.
EIGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from 121. to 24J. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
Wholesale Bulb Catalogue.
W ATKINS AND SIMPSON, Wholesale
Seedsmen and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street,
Strand, W.C. Their Wholesale BULB CATALOGUE is now
ready and may be had on application. Contains prices of Lily
of the Valley crowns or clumps, American and African Tube-
roses, Double and Single Snowdrops, Winter Aconites, Spiisea,
many sons of Narciss, Tulips. Lilies, Gladioli, and all the
leading varieties of Dutch, English, French and Japanese Bulbs-
Special quotations for large quantities.
JULES DE COCK, Ornamental Plant Nur-
f^ sery, Ghent, Belgium. — Many thousand AZALEAS,
INDICA. MOLLIS, and PON 1 ICA ; DEUTZIA, HELLE-
BORUS, SPIRi^AS, are disposable. CATALOGUE free on
application.
OSES ON OWN ROOT S.—
Best varieties, Red Gloire de Dijon, Baroness Roths-
child, &c., from open ground. Strong plants, free by Parcels
Post, four for 2J. dd.
MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
CALCEOLARIAS (Herbaceous). — Fine
healthy transplanted Seedlings, from a splendid strain of
beautifully spotted and tigred flowers, \s. 6d. per dozen, post-
free. Extra strong plants, 21. 6d. per dozen, post-free.
DANIELS BROS., Town Close Nurseries, Norwich.
ARGE SPECIMEN CAMELLIAS
for Sale, to make room. LIST on application to
E. COOLING, Derby.
ANE'S^P^rTnCE ALBERT APPLE.—
Come and see this Prince of Apples, now in full bearing,
on large and small trees ; and numerous other varieties.
H. lane and SON, Nurseries, Great Berkhamstead.
Ten Thousand Strong and Very Healthy
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS— Sir Joseph
Paxton and Dr. Hogg— for Sale. Price -zs. 6d. per loo.
Apply to C. JOHNSON, Mead House. Red Hill.
STRAWBERRIES.— We are now prepared
to supply strong healthy Plants, from ground and in
pots, of all the most approved kinds. A select descriptive
LIST post-free on application.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth, Herts.
S TRAWBERRIES— Next Summer, by
planting now : capital roots, 4J. per 100 ; 6d. extra per 100
for delivery by parcels post. In a Few Months, by forcing :
plants in pots, i6s. per 100. Only the best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application. — RICHARD SMITH and
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.
ACATTANEO, COMMISSION Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden,
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.
ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
anted, china roses, also
GENERAL JACQUEMINOT— own roots, good
strong Plants. State price per loo.
B. MITCHELL. Southbury Road. Enfield. N.
WANTED, 500 ECHEVERIA GLAUCA ;
also a quantity of LYCOPODIUM DENTICULA-
TUM (with roots). Slate price to the
GARDENER, Gey's House, Maidenhead.
ANTED, PINES, PEACHES, NEC-
TARINES, TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS. GRAPES,
PEARS. PLUMS, &c. Also GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS,
STEPHANOTIS, Marechal Niel ROSES, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden.
BEAUTIFUL NEW EUCHARIS.
EUCHARIS SANDERI.
Invaluable for Cut Flowers and General Decoration.
5J. each : taken by the dozen, 3J. tti. each ;
by the too, 2j. dd. each.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL, Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
Belladonna and Guernsey Lilies.
HURST AND SON have at present a good
stock of the above, all showing bloom-bud, ai.d in fine
condition. Orders should be given without delay.
Seed Warehouse, 152, Houndsditch, London, F.
Tea Rosea— Tea Rosea.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
pREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
V_^ in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants being in pots, may be moved now,
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
LUy of the VaUey.
T:[^LSTER AND KOLLMANN, Liibeck, near
J— ^ Hamburg, offer the above, 3-yr. old, extra stronj;
Crowns, at 34J. per icoo. Three months terms, or terms for
cash price, on application.
PIR^EA PALMATA, for Forcing.— The
finest crowns grown are offered to the Trade at loj. , i5(.,
20X. , and 255. per ico.
CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., beed Merchants and
Nurserymen, Worcester.
H. VEKTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials.
Post-free on application.
Chad Valley Nurseries. Edfibaston. Birmingham.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, &o.
RB. LAIRU AND SONS (Successors to
• the late Firm of Downih & Laird) are new executing
Orders for above, and will be glad to send Catalogues on
application.
K. B. LAIRD ANn SONS, 17, Frederick Street. Edinburgh.
'.'All Hull's s/ntj^r,-! I'y Parcels Post.
Hyacinths, TuUps, Narcissus. LUles, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., BULB
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGU E now ready, and wilt be sent post*
free on application.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer GLADIOLI SPIKES, DAHLIAS, single and
double I PYRETHRUMS, single and double; PHLOXES and
TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
CINERARIAS.— Fine healthy transplanted
Seedlings, from a grand strain of large and brilliantly
coloured flowers, u. td. per dozen, posi-free. Extra strong
plants, IS. td. per dozen, post-free. Beautifully Illustrated
CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower Roots free on application.
DANIE LS BROS., Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment.Norwich
Orchids, Bulbs, Lilies,
THE NEW PLANT and BULB COM-
PANY, Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64. containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
PECIMEN ALLAMANDAS. — Advertiser
has several good young specimen Allamanda Hender-
soni and Schottii to dispose of ; also two large NEPENTHES
HVBRIDA and CHELSONI. For price and particulars
apply to
GARDENER, Fanfield Hall, Lintz Green, Newcastle-on-
Tyne.
Deutzla gracilis.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
Prize Cob Filbert Trees.
GENTLEMEN desirous of obtaining
the true WEBB'S PRIZK COB FILBERT TREES,
for delivery in October and November, should now send their
orders to Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., Calcot Gardens, Reading,
of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on application.
TRAWBERRY RUNNERS
all the leading kinds, 2.1. per 100.
JOHN SCOTT. Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset.
A B B A G E PLANTS
for Present Planting.
500.000 CLARK'S EARLY NONPAREIL, y. per loco.
50.Q00 IMPERIAL EARLY MORTON, 5^. per 1000.
A large quantity of other leading sorts to offer, cheap.
JOHN E. KNIGHT. Whitmore Reans Nurseries, Wolver-
hampton,
s
354
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Duteli Flower Koots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent
Garden. W.C., every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS. CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and oiher BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next— (Sale No. 6472.)
MASDKVALLIA SCHLIMl.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden. W, C. , by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURS-
DAY NEXT, September 27, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely,
a very supeib importatioa of MASDEVALLIA SCHLIMl.
Every plant alive will be offered, and those received are in
simply grand or Jer. It is the most extraordinary Masdevallia
we have yet introduced. Collector states that the plants are
perfectly covered with tlowers, and the plant will flower all the
year round. As many as seven flowers are produced on the
spikes, which stand well above the handsome foliage ; all open at
one and the same time, thus forming a perfect bouquet. The plant
is figured in the Gardejiers' C/iroiiicle, April 28, and full mate-
rial will be on view. We tried to introduce it two years ago,
but failed. Last year, out of 20C0 plants four only came alive ;
this year we have been more successful. A p'irst-class Certificate
was awarded by the Royal Horticultural Society on April 10 last.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Sarracenias.-New Varieties.
MR. J. C STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King
Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY, October 4. a
Grand Collection of New Hybrid SARRACENIAS, raised by
the most successful grower in the country, O. O. Wrigley, Esq.,
of Bury, consisting of many very distinct varieties, not yet in
commerce, and in splendid condition, being the finest lot ever
brought to auction, and sold by order of Mr. G. Toll, who has
purchased the entire stock from the raiser.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Stove and Greenliouse Plants, ttie Property of a
NOBLEMAN.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, October 11, a
small COLLECTJON of STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, including a few specimen Azaleas. Dracaenas, Pan-
danus, Euphorbias, Adiantums, Ficus elastica, &c., all clean
and well-grown, the property of a Nobleman.
On view morning cf Sale, and Catalogues had.
HigHly Important Sale of Specimen Camellias,
AZALEAS, PALMS, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has been favoured
with instructions from Hermann Rucker, Esq., to offer
for SALE by AUCTION, without reserve, on the Premises.
East Hill. Wandsworth, on TUESDAY, October 16, and
following days, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the entire
COLLECTION of PLANTS formed by the late Sifiismund
Rucker, Esq. The collection is general, and comprises about
200 of the finest Camellias in the country, all beautifully set
with bloom ; about 200 Azaleas, fine Palms, Tree and other
Ferns : a fine collection of Netines, large Myrtles in tubs.
Stove Plantsjand a few good ORCHIDS; also GARDEN
SEATS and CHAIRS, VASES, and PEDESTALS. CHINA
POTS and STANDS, SLATE TUBS, BELL GLASSES,
GARDEN TOOLS, &c.
On view the day prior and mornings of Sale, and Catalogues
had on the Premises, and of Mr. J. C. STEVENS. Auctioneer
and Valuer, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Dutoli Bulbs.-Great Unreserved Sales,
Every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Hol-
land, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8. New Broad Street, E.G.
Roman Hyacinths.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will include in their BULB SALE on MONDAY
NEXT, 3000 White, Blue, and Double Rose ROMAN
HYACINTHS, and 1030 Paper- White NARCISSUS.
Foots' Cray, Kent.
By Order of the E.\ecutrix of the late Mr. R. Sim.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, the Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foots' Cray, i mile from
Sidcup Station, on TUESDAY, September 25, at 12 o'Clock
precisely, without reserve, the first portion of the renowned
COLLECTION of FERNS, forming probably one of the finest
assortments in the Trade, comprising 7000 Hardy British Ferns,
1000 Hardy Exotic Ferns, some fine specimen DICKSONIAS,
CYATHEAS, CIBOTIUMS, &c. ; FILMY FERNS in
variety ; 3000 Standard and Halt-standard ROSES of all the
best varieties in cultivation, with straight stems and well fur-
nished heads, and OTHER STOCK. May now be viewed.
Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers,
67 and 6S. Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.G.
N.B. The Old Established NURSERY BUSINESS is for
DISPOSAL, on easy terms, and the Auctioneers will be pleased
to furnish particulars on application.
~^ ~~ Harrow Road, W.
ANNUAL UNRESERVED SALE of WINTER and
SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS. PALMS. FERNS. &c.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. Woodroffe & Son to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Westbourne Nursery, Har-
row Road, \V , about five minutes' walk from Westbourne Park
Station, on WEDNESDAY, September 26. at 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely, several thousands of STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, includmg 4000 Genistas, 1500 red and white Bouvar-
dias, 2000 double Primulas, 500 Cyclamen persicum, 1000
Aloysias, 1000 Hydrangeas, 1000 early flowering Chrysanthe-
mums, lOGo Poinsettias, Azaleas well set with bloom, Adiantum
cuneatutn and other Ferns, Palms, Ficus, Dracaena congesla,
D. rubra, extra large Epiphyllums, Eucharis amazonica, extra
strong, in 14-inch pans, and other Stock.
jNIay now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad
Street, E.C.
Eaton Nurseries, near NorwlclL.
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of beauti-
fully grown NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs.
Ewing & Co., who are giving up their Nurseries.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises, the Old Established Nurseries at Eaton, rear
Norwich, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, September
26 and 27, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the second portion
of the VALUABLE NURSERY STOCK, comprising the
plants in pots, consisting of about lo.ooo Roses in pots of
such sorts as Mar^chal Niel, Niphetos, Gloire de Dijon, and
other best varieties of Teas and Noisettes ; 5000 CleniaLis in
great variety, of the newest and best kinds ; 5000 variegated
and green-leaved Ivies ; Ampelopsis Veitchii, and other hardy
Climbers in pots in superb variety ; also about 5000 choice
young Evergreens and ^'lowering Shrubs, many of them new
and rare ; and large quantities of Japanese Evergreens, Aucuba
japonica, S:c.
May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street,
London, E.G.
N.B.— A GREAT SALE of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL
TREES and SHRUBS to be held on NOVEMBER 6 and 9.
particulars of which will appear in due course.
Lower Streatliam, S.W.
CLEARANCE SALE.— Tocommence punctuallyat 11 o'Clock,
in consequence of the unusually large number ot Lots of
Specimen Plants.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE of exceptionally well grown
EXHIBITION SPECIMEN PLANTS, which have taken
numerous Prizes at the principal and other Metropolitan
Shows.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the
Norbury Nurseries, Lower Streatham, S. W., en THURSDAY
NEXT, September 27. at n o'Clock precisely, by order of
Messrs, Peed & Sons (in consequence of possession of the
ground being immediately required, the premises having been
let to an incoming tenant), the entire collection of SPECIMEN
STOVE, and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including the
following . —
Three matchless specimens of
Anthurium Scherzerianum
(Veitch's variety),
Aliamanda grandiflora.
Camellias of sorts.
Aphelexis macrantha rosea
(Chitman's variety),
Azaleas, trained globe-shaped,
magnificent examples.
Ericas, specimens and half-
specimens, including E.
Massoni major, E. tubse-
formis, and all the best
varieties in cultivation.
Also an Exhibition Plant VAN, covered spring VAN, several
2 and 3-!ight BOXES, Glazed SASHEri. MOWING
MACHINES, ROLLER, 16.000 BRICKS, and numerous
effects.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premi-
ses, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
and 8. New Broad Street, E.C,
N.B.— The whole of the OUTDOOR STOCK will be
SOLD by AUCTION in OCTOBER NEXT, due notice
of which will be given. ^^^^^^
Richmond, S.W,— Expiration of Lease.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Herbst (who has received notice
from the Crown Commissioners to give up the land) to SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Nursery, Kew Road,
Richmond, S.W., on FRIDAY, September 28, at 12 o'Clock
precisely, the whole of the NURSERY STOCK growing upon
that portion of the land, comprising finely furnished specimen
Conifera; for effective planting ; Cupressus Lawsoni lutea in
quantity ; thousands of Lilacs for forcing ; Hollies, thousands
of small Conifers, Euonymus and Ivies for potting; Hardy
Ferns, and a variety of Greenhouse Plants ; 40 Double White
Camellias from 5 to 7 feet, and other Stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Upper Tooting Park, Balliam, S.W.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. C. Young (who is relinquishing
the business owing to ill-health) to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premises, The Nursery, Upper Tooting Park. S.W., about
ten minutes' walk from Balham Station, on TUESDAY, October
2, at 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve, a large quantity of
remarkably well grown NURSERY STOCK in excellent
condition for removal, consisting of thousands of Ornamental
Trees, Evergreens, and Coniferas. Fruit Trees, and a variety of
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Palms, Ferns, Azaleas, Camellias,
and other stock. May now be viewed.
Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the Auc-
tioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and S, New Broad Street, E.C.
N.B.— The LEASE of the OLD ESTABLISHED NUR-
SERY is for DISPOSAL on moderate terms. Particulars of
the Auctioneers as above^
Abbey Wood, Kent— Clearance Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SEI,L by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Abbey
Wood Nursery and the Orchard Nursery, Lessness Heath,
within a few minutes' walk of the Abbey Wood Station, on
WEDNESDAY, October 3, at 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of
Mr. Henry and Mrs. Havelock, a large quantity of well-grown
NURSERY STOCK, including a variety of specimen Conifcra;,
500 finely furnished Cupressus Lawsoniana, 5 to 9 feet : hand-
some specimen Variegated and Green Hollies, of sorts, &c.; the
whole in fine condition for removal.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
^Riclimond, S.W.— Without Reserve,
IMPORTANT SALE of beautifully grown TREES and
SHRUBS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. G. & W. Steell to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Gas Field Nursery, Sandy
Lane, and the Sheen Common Nursery, Richmond, Surrey,
S W., about seven minutes' walk from the Richmond Railway
Stations, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 3 and
4, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day (in order to make room for
other stock), an immense quantity of NURSERY STOCK, the
whole of which is in good condition for removal, having been
transplanted within the last two years. It comprises large
numbers of specimen CONIFER^E and EVERGREENS,
such as Standard and Pyramid Portugal LAURELS, 3 to 5
feet ; Hybrid and Standard RHODODENDRONS, 3 to 7 feet :
THUIAS and CUPRESSUS in large quantities, CEDRUS
ATLANTICA, and others. Standard and other specimen
Variegated and Green HOLLIES, fine plants; FLOWERING
SHRUBS in great variety, ORNAMENTAL and FOREST
TREES, itoo Standard and Dwaif ROSES, thousands of
small SHRUBS for potting, S:c.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had of Messrs. G.
AND W. STEELL, The Nursery, Kew Road, Richmond, S.W. ;
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside^ and
5, New Broad Street, E.C,
Brixton, S.W.
TWO DAYS' SALE of WELL GROWN NURSERY
STOCK, all recently transplanted, and in fine condition,
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Nur-
sery. Loughborough Park, Brixton, S.W., on FRIDAY and
SATURDAY, Octobet 5 and 6, at 12 o'Clock precisely each
day, by order of Messrs. Ponsford & Son, a large quantity of
well grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising 1500 Aucubas,
25C0 Laurels of sorts, 1500 Cupressus, &c. ; 2500 Box, 3000 oval
and Box-leaved Privet, 5000 Variegated and Green Euonymus,
1500 Flowering Shrubs, 700 handsome Standard Planes, Limes,
Poplars, and other Ornamental and Forest Trees ; Hardy
Climbers, 1500 Green and Variegated Ivies, 500 Ampelopsis
Veitchii, Fruit Trees, 1000 fine Standard Mulberries; also a
variety of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, 5000 Ferns, 2000
Azaleas, Camellias and Bouvardias, 1000 Summer and Autumn
Flowering Chrysanthemums, and other Stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8. New Broad Street, E.C.
Weybridge.
About a mile from Weybridge or Walton Stations.
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of well-
grown NURSERY STOCK, the Land being required for
Building Purposes.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS .
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Oat-
lands Park Nursery, Wevbridge, Surrey, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY, October 9 and 10, at 12 o'Clock precisely each
day, by order of Mr. Henry Chapman, about 6 Acres of
unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK, lotted to suit the
Trade and other large Buyers, including 9000 Portugal Laurels,
I to 5 feet; 8300 Laurels, 4 inches to 3 feet; iico Green
Hollies ; 2000 Weymouth Pines, i to 7 feet ; 1500 English
Yews, I to 4 feet ; large quantities of Cupressus, Thuias, and
Thuiopsis of sorts ; thousands of small Coniferse lor growing-on,
comprising 60=0 Relinosporas of sorts, 4000 green and varie-
gated Euonymus, 7000 seedling Hollies, 2-yr. transplanted ;
15,000 Spruce Firs, 6 inches to 3 feet; 5000 Privet, 6 inches to
4 feet; 3000 Limes, 3 to 10 feet; an assortment of specimen
Coniferse and Evergreen Shrubs in the borders ; 1400 Forest
"Trees of sorts ; and large quantities of other Stock, too numer-
ous to mention. Alsoavariety of GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including 400 Maidenhair Ferns in 48-pots, and 50 specimen
Azalea indica, 1% to 3 feet.
The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on
the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and £8,
Cheapside. and 8, New Broad Street. E.C.
N.B. — Goods may be transmitted from Weybridge station to
all parts. Purchasers may arrange with Mr. Chapman to have
their lots taken up and conveyed to the station at the cost of
labour and time incurred.
Lewisham, S.E. '
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of FERNS and
WINTER-FLO'.VERING PLANTS, in large quantities,
to suit extensive buyers.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Biggs to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, The Nursery, Lewisham, S.E., on TUES-
DAY, October 16, at 12 o'Clock precisely, 50,000 Maidenhair
FERNS, 2000 ditto in 32 and 4S-pots, many thousands of
PTERIS ARGYREA, LOMARIAS, CAMELLIAS and
AZALEAS in bud, BOUVARDIAS, HEATHS, EUCHARIS
AMAZONICA and CANDIDA. PALMS, Winter-flowering
CARNATIONS, PRIMULAS, DRAC-^NAS, looc specimen
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, and other Stock.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New
Broad Street, E.C. ■
Manor Park, Little Ilford, Essex.
To NURSERYMEN, MARKET GARDENERS,
BUILDERS and OTHERS.
VALUABLE FREEHOLD BUILDING or MARKET
GARDEN LAND.
MR. W. H. COLLIER is instructed by the
British Land Company (Limited) to OFFER by
AUCTION, at the "Princess Alice," Romford Road (near
Forest Gate Station), on MONDAY, September 24, at 6 for 7
o'clock in the evening. Six Lots, of about 2 acres each, of
valuable MARKET GARDEN LAND, having important
building frontages of about 240 feet each to the main Ilford
Road, opposite the " Rabbits' Tavern," and several Lots of
eligible FREEHOLD BUILDING LAND, having frontages
to the new road leading from the Ilford Road to Little Ilford,
situate close to Manor Park Station, on the Great Eastern
Railway, and near Wanstead Flats, The property will be sold
free from Tithe and Land Tax. Nine-tenths of the purchase
money may remain on mortgage or contract at 5 per cent,
interest, to be paid in nine years by equal half-yearly instal-
ments, but the whole or any part of the balance may be paid off
at any time, without notice. Free Conveyance will be given
on the Vendor's Title being accepted, without further inves-
tigation.
Particulars, Plans, and Conditions of Sale may be obtained
about ten days before the Sale, at the " Rabbits' Inn," Ilford
Road ; of Messrs. R. & A. RUSSELL, Solicitors, 59, Coleman J
Street, London, E.C. ; of the Auctioneer, at the Offices c '
British Land Company (Limited), 25, Moorgate Street, "
and at the place of Sale.
Sander's Lane Nurseries, WoMng.
Three miles from Woking Station, and 1 mile from Worplesdon,
L. & S. W. Railway.
TWO DAYS* NURSERY SALE.
MR. H. W. COPUS has been honoured
with instructions from Mrs. Chapman (.who is giving up
the Trade) and from Messrs. T. Holdforth & Sons, to SELL by
AUCTION, on MONDAY and TUESDAY, September 24 and
25, a large assortment of EVERGREEN SHRUBS, 5000
Eerberis Darwinii, 20=0 Cotoneaster microphylla, Cedrus Deo-
dars, 5 to 7 feet ; 5000 Thuia Lobbii, 2000 Cupressus Lawsoni-
ana, Colchic and common Laurel, Pinus austriaca, Retino-
spora plumosa argentea and aurea. Green and Variegated
Hollies, Ribes sanguineiun, American Arbor-vitae, Abies
Douglasii, Acer Negundo, io,ooo Dwarf ROSES, best named
sorts ; Oval-leaved PRIVET, 5000 LABURNUM, 2 to 8 feet ;
2000 HONEYSUCKLES of sorts ; 2000 ASH and OAK. trans-
planted ; White and Yellow BROOM, POPLAR of sorts,
LARCH and Scotch FIR. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS.
VINCA ELEGANTISSIMA and MAJOR, VIRGINIAN
CREEPER, Irish IVIES, ASPARAGUS, SEAKALE, and
5000 Standard and half-Standard ROSES, best leading sorts;
together with FILBERTS, FRUIT TREES, &c, : useful
HORSE, HARNESS, VAN and TILT ; Two small Ricks of
Meadow HAY, small GREENHOUSE, complete ; WINNOW-
ING MACHINE, CHAFF CUTTER, &c.
A Conveyance will meet trains arriving at Woking Station at
10.50 down, 10.41 up, Portsmouth line; 11.9 Southampton, to
take up Purchasers.
Sale to commence at 12 o'Clock precisely each day.
Catalogues in due course (post-free) of the Auctioneer,
16, Friary Street, Guildford, and on the Ffemises,
^oleman .J
2s of the
:t, E.G.;
SEFT£MBER222, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
355
Saxe-Welmar Nursery, St. Edward's Road, Yarborough
ROAD, SOUTHSEA.
On WEDNESDAY, September 26, 1883.
SALE of a STOCK of PLANTS in first-tate condition, in lots
to suit the Trade and Private Kuyers.
MESSRS. J. S. HOWELL and CO. are
instructed by Mr. Short to SELL by AUCTION, upon
his grounds, as above, commencing at 12 o'Clock precisely,
abouL 2000 GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising 300 Ferr,s,
amongst which are Adiantum cuneatum, Ptcris tremula, cris-
tata, ssrrulata, and other sorts : looo Bonvardias in flower
(beautifully grown), Lycopodiums, Palms. Cocos Weddelliana,
Genistas, Begonias ; 200 choice Zonals in llower, incluiiing
Double White, Semi-double, Gullion Mangelli, Victor Hugo,
and E. V. Raspail ; Lilium auratum, Erica hyenialis, Sola-
nums. and others.
N.B.— The grounds are two minutes' walk from the Castle
Hotel, where the trams pass every five minutes.
On view two days prior and morning of Sale. Catalogues
may be obtained upon the grounds, or of the Auctioneers at their
Auction and Agency Offices, 48, Palmerston Road, Southsea.
TO INTENDING PLANTERS.
EXPIEY OF LEASE.
GREAT CLEARING SALE
01^ AUOUT 70 ACRES OF
SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED
FOBEST TREES,
FRUIT TREE STOCKS,
Large Ornamental Trees for Immediate
Effect,
FRUIT TREES, 6s^c.
rriHE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY
-*- COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, have resolved
to CLEAR the ENTIRE STOCK contained in the
Windlestrawlee Nursery, Granton Road, as they do not
intend to Renew the Lease, which expires next year.
Their other Nurseries, however, will be carried on as
usual. All the Stock not previously disposed of privately
will be
EXPOSED BY PUBLIC AUCTION,
on October lo and il, each day at ll o'Clock, by
Mr. DAVID MITCHELL, Auctioneer.
The plants are of superior quality, and in excellent
condition, the Larches not having been damaged by
spring frosts. The following are the principal items to
be Sold, and Catalogues may be had upon application ; —
LARCH, i-yr. Seedling, extra fine.
,. ayr. ., „
„ i-yr. „ i-yr. transplanted.
I, I-yr. ,, 2-yr. ,,
,, 2-yr. ,, i-yr. ,,
PINE, Black Austrian, several sizes.
„ Cembra, or Swiss Stone, fine plants, recently removed, 2 to
4 feet.
„ Corsican, several sizes.
„ Mountain, various sizes.
FIR, Scotch, true Native, seedlings and transplanted.
„ Silver, Common, several sizes.
SPRUCE, Norway, several sizes.
„ Black American, true, several sizes.
And the following, both seedling and transplanted, viz. :—
Thorn ACACIA, Common ALDER, Hoary-leaved ALDER,
Common and Mountain ASH, BEECH, BIRCH, SWEET
BRIER, SEA BUCKTHORN, Spanish and Horse CHEST-
NUT, ELDER, ELM, HAZEL, HORNBEAM. LABUR-
NUM, LIME, MAPLE, OAK, POPLAR, SYCAMORE,
THORN, WHIN or GORSE, and WILLOWS.
FRUIT TREE STOCKS-
APPLE, CHERRY, PEAR and PLUM, seedling and
transplanted.
Also a large quantity of RHUBARB ROOTS-Johnstone's
St. Martin's, Victoria, Prince Albert, Early Red, &c.
When not convenient to attend the Sale orders will be
carefully attended to by the LAWSON SEED and
NURSERY COMPANY, or by the Auctioneer, 6,
Comely Bank, Edinburgh.
Green Lane Nurseries,
Opposite the " Chequers Inn,'' Horley, Surrey, only a few
minutes' walk from the Railway Station ; 4 miles from
Redhill and Reigate, and 5 from Crawley, on the road from
London to Brighton.
TO NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS, and PRIVATE
GROWERS.
MESSRS. W. and H. STAGEY are instructed
to SELL by AUCTION, in the above Nurseries (the
Land being wanted for other purposes), on WEDNESDAY,
October 17, at 11 for 12 o'Clock, in consequence of the number
of Lots, a l.irge quantity of transplanted FOREST TREES,
CONIFERyE, DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL TREES,
and ORNAMENTAL CONIFEROUS TREES ; EVER-
GREEN, DECIDUOUS and FLOWERING SHRUBS;
Hardy CLIMBERS; HEDGE and FENCE PLANTS;
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES ; HYBRID PER-
PETUL ROSES, Tea-scented, Noisette, Bourbon, Standards
and in Pots; CLEMATIS, and a large quantity of SEED-
LING STOCK.
Catalogue? may be had ten days prior to the Sale at the
principal Hotels and Inns in the district ; at the place of Sale,
or of Messrs, iW. and H. STACEY, Auctioneers and Land
Agents, Redhill, Surrey.
To Capitalists.
WANTED, ;C3oo to £500, by a Florist, to
be Expended in the Erection of additional Houses, to
meet a rapidly increasing business, j^io per cent. Interest
will be paid and the Principal (which will be partly secured)
repaid by instalments.
Apply, FLORIST, GardtMrs' Chronicle Office, 4', Welling-
ton Street. Strand. W.C.
Brighton —(No. 5932.)
TO BE SOLD, the Goodwill of a thorouglily
genuine SEED and FLORIST'S BUSINESS in one of
the busiest thoroughfares of the Town. Immediate possession
can be arranged.
Full particulars of Messrs PROTHEROE and MORRIS.
Auctioneers, 8, New Broad Street, E.C. Personally inspected
and recommended.
TO BE DISPOSED OF, a genuine good
goins NURSERY. SEED and FLORIST BUSINESS,
in one of the most fashionable Spaing places in England.
Four acres of Nursery, Sacres of Meadow, to break up when
required, and about 8000 feet of Glass ; large House, and the
usual Outbuildings, with a good large Shop in one of the prin-
cipal Streets in town. Good connection. Such an opportunity
seldom met with. Satisfactory reason given for giving up.
For full particulars apply to R. HUTCHINSON, Nursery-
man, Harrogate.
MARKET GARDEN ALLOTMENTS.
sheliered, southern aspect, light soil, 15 miles from
St. Paul's, at 30^. an acre.
W., 14, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn, W.C.
TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
Rhododendrons.— Rhododendrons.
GFARNWORTH has to ofter a quantity of
• the above, various sizes. Also ORNAMENTAL
TREES. SHRUBS, and FOREST TRRES.
LISTS free on application at The Nurseries, Matlock.
PHEASANT-EYED NARCISSUS.— Bulbs
of this sweet-scented Narcissus loj. per bushel, 6j. per
\^ bushel, y. Sd. per peck. Special offer for quantities over
5 bushels. Cash with order. Package free.
W. R. ALDERSON, Bell Farm. Hersham, Surrey.
New Carnations and Flcotees.
S. DODWELL'S LIST of New Varieties
is DOW ready, and may be had on application.
Stanley Road, Oxford.
W ATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and
Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.,
offer :—
100,000 DAFFODILS (Lent Lily), double.
40,000 DAFFODILS (Lent Lily), single.
50,000 NARCISS, Pheasant-eyed.
50,000 NARCISS. Double White, sweet-scented.
25.000 CAMPERNELLE JONQUIL, single.
And a great variety of other sorts of NARCISS, HYA-
CINTHS, TULIPS, SNOWDROPS, LILIES (English and
Japanese), &c.
See our Wholesale Bulb CATALOGUE, to be had on appli-
cation. Special quotations for large quantities.
PANSIES. — The largest Amateur Pansy
Grower in this country has authorised his gardener to
sell surplus plants from his slock, which comprises over 400
exhibition varieties, and which have taken First-class Certificates
and Prizes all over the country. The Pansies will be offered at
prices far below what they can be obtained from nurserymen
for. Particulars on application to
GARDENER, Messrs. G. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill,
London, E.C.
E
CABBAGE— CABBAGE.— Extra strong and
fine Plants of autumn sown Early Rainham, Early Enfield
Market, Early Battersea, and Early Nonpareil, 31. per 1000 ;
Robinson's Champion Drumhead, 3^. per 1000. The above are
well-rooted, and free from club. No better plants can be had,
Post-ofiice Order, or reference from unknown correspondents.
Free on rail. Samples on application. Apply,
W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford, Surrey.
Kent, The Garden of England.
300 coo FRUIT TREES in 600 varieties.
GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.
beg to intimate that their stock was never finer, and
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them-
selves. The New Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps. Reference LIST free.
The Kent Roses do Live,
Extra well-rooted stuff, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone. — Established 1796.
SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER of HARDY PERENNIALS,
SUITABLE for PRESENT PLANTING,
CONSISTING of most Useful and Effective
Varieties, f rincipally strong plants from Ground.
Priced LIST Gratis and Post-free upon application.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
To Florists.— For Forcing this next Winter.
LILACS (Syringa) Charles X., Saug^, and
ALBA VIRGINALIS.— Nice round plants cultivated in
pots, plants from i foot 10 inches to 2 feet 10 inches, with
six. ten, and fifteen branches, well set with flowers, price
X6. ^8. and £\.o per 100.
STAPHVLEA COLCHICA.— Plants cultivated in pots, £.6
per 100.
PRUNUS SINENSIS FLORE-PLENO. — Cultivated in
pots, Z6 per xoo.
ROSES, Niphetos, Mare'chal Niel, and other Teas, for
Forcing — Cultivated in pots, £^ per 100.
ROSES, Special Varieties, for Forcing. — Low-budded, fine
plants, ;(;2o to X24 per icoo.
SPIRyliA PALM ATA. — Good clumps, ;£io to ^12 per 1000.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS.—Good young plants, six to twelve
branches, £io to £12 per 1000.
Direct Orders to
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chateney (Seine), prci Paris,
France.
HUGH LOW AND CO. have pleasure in
informing their friends and the Public that their stock
of WINTER and SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS at
Clapton Nursery and Bush Hill Park Nursery, Enfield,
is this season unusually extensive and fine in quality, and well
worth the notice of intending purchasers, who are very cordially
invited lo an inspection of the plants, which comprise amongst
oihcr things ; —
Many thousands of ERICA HVEMALIS, of various sizes.
Many thousands of ERICA MELANTHERA.
Many thousands of ERICA GRACILIS, of various sizes.
Many thousands of ERICA VENTRICOSA COCCINEA
MINOR, and other choice varieties of ventricosa.
Many thousands of ERICAS of the be^t varieties, including
candidi^sima, colorans. cerinthoides coronata, caffra,
Cavendishi, barbata major, grandinosa, hyemalis superba,
perspicua nana, perspicua erecta, persoluta alba, assurgens,
mammosa, &c.
Many thousands of HARD-WOODED ERICAS, in numerous
fine varieties, a large number of which are extra sized.
Many thousands of CYCLAMENS.
Many thousands of GARDENIAS, intermedia and radicans.
Many thousands of GENISTAS.
Many thousands of EPACRIS.
Many thousands of AZALEA INDICA in variety, of various
sizes.
Many thousands of AZALEA INDICA, Fielder's White, nat-
cissiAora, and other white-fiowerlng varieties.
Many thousands of AZALEA AMCKNA, and amoena
Caldwelll
Many thousands of CAMELLIAS, with flower-buds, various
sizes.
Many thousands of GREVILLEA ROEUS i'A.
Many thousands of SOLANUMS, well berried.
Many thousands of BOUVARDlAS. Red, White, and Pink.
Many thousands of LATANIA BORBONICA, various sizes.
Many thousands of PTYCHOSPERMA ALEXANDRA.
Many thousands of CORVPHA AUSTRALIS.
Many thousands of 1)RAC/1'".NAS. in v.iriety.
Many thousands of EUCHARIS CANDIDA.
Many thousands of CLIMBERS, Stove and Greenhouse.
Many thousands of TREE CARNATIONS.
Many thousands of the best GREENHOUSE PLANTS, such
as Aphelexis, Acacias in varley, Acacia armata, Boronias,
Chorozemas, Correas, Daphnes, Eriostemons, Genetyllis,
Grevilleas m variety, Leschenauliias, Tremandras, Plme-
leas, double white Chinese Primulas, &c.
JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM, large winter flowering
CATALONIAN JASMINE, can be offered by the 100.
GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS in variety, including
Princess Royal and Princess Alexandra, which can be offered
by the ico.
Many thousands of PELARGONIUMS, choice Show. French
and Decorative varieties in 4S-pots ; also small plants to
pot on, by the 100 or icoo
AIsoonhandaverylargestockofORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE
and DECORATIVE PLANTS, PALMS, ASPIDISTRA
VARIEGATA, BEGONIAS, FICUS ELASTICA,
ARALIA VEITCHII, and others, CR0T0N5, PAN-
DANUS, &c. Suitable for Table Decoration.
OTAHEITE ORANGES, m fruit; LAURUSTINUS, on
stems, fine white variety, full of buds.
AMPELOPSIS SEMPERVIRENS (Cissus striatus), new
evergreen Virginian Creeper.
FERNS m immense numbers. Many of the leading kinds can
bo supplied by the hundred, such as Adiantum cuneatum,
Adiantum decorum, Adiantum gracillimum, Lomaria gibba.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.
To all Lovers of Flowers.
VIOLETS — VIOLETS.—
Now is the time to transplant these sweetest and most
beautiful winter flowers. Large clumps full of flower-buds.
Will flower until April next, in cold frames or sheltered situa-
tions. Marie Louise, Double Neapolitan, Victoria Regina, and
ten other best varieties, single and double, 6s. per dozen, 40^.
per 100. Sample dozen per Parcels Post, 6s. 6d.
FRED. PERKINS, Nurserj-man, 37. Regent Street,
Leamington.
To the Trade Only.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER of over 20,000
PALMS, including Kentlas, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias,
Geonomas. Corj'pha, Phoenix, Cocos Weddelliana, Caryotas,
&c. ; FERNS, in 43's and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, for flower-
ing this season; PANDANUS, CROTONS. FICUS. JAS-
MINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STEPHANOTIS. and
various CLIMBING PLANTS, Tuberous and Foliage BEGO-
NIAS, Tree CARNATIONS, and many other useful Plants.
Price LISTS free on application. An inspection is invited.
W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery. Upton. Essex.
The Nursery Is ab^ut five minutes' walk Irom Upton Park
Station (London. Tilbury, and Southend Railway), and ten
minutes from Forest Gate Station (Great Eastern Railway).
Roses.— Fruit Trees.— Fruit Tree Stocks.
SPECIAL OFFER at REDUCED PRICES,
Delivered free to London.
30,000 ROSES, fine standards, No. i and No. 2, choice.
18,000 ,, fine half-standards. No. 1 and No. 2, choice.
45,000 ,, fine low-budded on Manetti, No. i and No. s
choice.
20,000 ,, fine low-budded on Brier roots, No. i and No. a,
50,000 „ fine, own roots, well assorted. [choice,
lo.oco « fine, own roots, Souvenir de Malmaison.
300,000 ,. Brier seedling stocks.
100,000 STOCKS, Manettl, No. 1 and No. 2.
25 oco „ La Griffcraye, No. i and No z.
:ooooo PEARS. PEACHES. PLUMS, APRICOTS,
APPLES, and CHERRIES, fine i-yr. budded.
30 000 PEARS and APPLES, pyramid, fine 2-yr budded.
15000 PEARS. APPLES, PEACHES, APRICOTS.
PLUMS and CHERRIES, formed in pyramids and
palmette. fine extra transplanted, ready to give fruits.
2.ooo,oco FRUIT TREE STOCKS, of every kind and
choice, such as Quince ; Apple, i-yr. and trans-
planted ; Pears, i-yr. and transplanted ; Plums,
St. Julien, Myrobolan, Mahaleb ; common Cherries
(Cerasus avium).
10,000,000 FOREST TREES and Ornamental SHRUBS,
young stocks, i and 2-yr., and transplanted.
PRUNUS PISSARDL
This splendid ornamental tree, with its red leaves and black
wood foliage, keeping red until frost, is offered per 100 and 1000,
at low prices. A few hundred fine Specimens on standards.
The prices of the Roses, Fruit Trees, and Fruit Tree Stocks
are very low and advantageous, and will be sent on demand.
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chateney (Seine), pres Paris,
France. Established iS;/.
Persons wUhlng to be assured of being supplied in full for the
next season, must direct their demands and orders at the earliest
moment. Mr. L. Paillet is ready to make immediately a
contract for any quantities of the above stocks.
A Catalogue, printed in English, will be seat on application.
356
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883.
The Largest Rose Grounds in England
CRANSTON'S NURSERIES
(Established 17S5).
THE PLANTING SEASON.
Order Early and Plant in October and November.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
Beg to draw the attentionof Amateurs and Rose
Growers generally to their immense Stock of
DWARF and STANDARD
ROSES,
which are unusually fine this season. The
plants, having made very early growth, are now
well ripened, and will be in excellent condition
for transplanting. Plants are grown in every
variety of form, and upon Stocks best adapted
to the habit or constitution of the Rose.
Selections will be supplied at the following prices,
less 5 per Cent, discount for Cash with Order :—
STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS, superior varieties,
21^. 10 24J. per dozen.
DWARFS on MANETTI, superior varieties, 9s. to ic^. per
Hozen.
DWARFS on SEEDLING BRIER and BRIER CUT-
TINGS, superior varieties, loi. to I2r. per dozen.
DWARF TEA-SCENTED and NOISETTES, on Seedling
Brier, superior varieties, 155. to iSj. per dozen.
DWARF HYBRID PERPETUALS, on own roots, 15s. to
i8j. per dozen.
CLIMBING ROSES. 9t. to 121. per dozen.
NEW FREN'CH ROSES for r883, 36*. per dozen.
TEA-SCENTED HYBRID PERPETUALS. &c., in 8-inch
pots, specially grown for Forcing, S4J. , 30^., to 425. per
dozen.
GARDEN ROSES, suitable for Bedding or Massing, 60s.
per 100.
Special Quotatio7is will be giveti to Buyers of
Large Quantities.
Descriptive Catalogue on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY k SEED CO.
(LIMITED),
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.
NOTICE TO THE TRADE.
MESSRS. GREGORY i EVANS
beg to inform their Customers and the Trade generally,
that they have the largest stock of ERICA HYEMALIS,
in fine condition, ever offered to the Trade. Other
varieties in proportion.
Inspection Invited.
LONGLANDS NURSERY, SIDCUP,
AND AT LEE, S.E.
DUTCH BULBS,
DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON'S
CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS.
OUR GUINEA PACKAGE
\
3
Of Choice Hardy Flower Roots for Spring Gardening, contains'
the following well selected first-clahS sound Bulbs, viz. : —
36 HYACINTHS, mixed, in distinct colours.
50 TQLIPS, single, early, best mixed,
50 ,, double ,. ,, ,,
30 NARCISSUS. POLYANTHUS, best mixed.
30 ., Incomparable, yellow, double.
50 ANEMONES, double best mixed.
50 RANUNCULUS, double, best mixed.
4'-o CROCUS, in 4 distinct colours.
36 GLADIOLUS, best mxed.
50 SNOWDROPS, single.
Half this quantity for loj. td.
Other Collections for Indoor and Spring Gardening at
IDS. 6(/., Z15., 27J. M., 50J., 555.. and icoj.
The above-named Collections may be had from our Agents,
Messrs. M ERTEN S and CO,, 5, billiter Square, London, E.G.,
during the season, against cash piyment.
Our complete and revised CATALOGUE for 188? may be
had Free un application to our Agents or ourselves direct.
Early Orders respectfully requested.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON,
NURSERYMEN, OVER VEEN, near HAARLEM,
HOLLAND.
1883-A BC BULBGUIDE-1883.
THIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
has been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General IMISCELLANEOUS BULBS,
very extensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS (perhaps the finest collection ot these ever
offered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBGRUS.TRIL-
LIUMS, P.-EONIES, the leading and most distinct
varieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.,
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
adapted for Autumn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES.
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
^ grt. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES— Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °'^ MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the n.ost
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded in 1784.
ADDRESS :—
LANDRETH
SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
20,000 PALMS,
including Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Corypha, Phceni.x, Cocos Weddelliana, Caryotas,
&c. ; FERNS, in 485 and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, tor
flowering this season; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, lASlMINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS ;
Tuberous and Foliage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes' from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Raihvay).
TO THE TB. ABE.
FRUIT TREES, ROSES and VINES.
DWARF MAIDEN PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRI-
COTS, PLUMS, CHERRIES, APPLES, PEARS.
DWARF-TRAINED PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRI-
COTS, CHERRIES, PLUMS, PEARS, APPLES.
STANDARD, HALF-STANDARD, and DWARF ROSES,
also ROSES in pots.
GRAPE VINES for Forcing and Planting.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS, fine, for Potting for Forcing.
HUGH LOW & CO. have to olTer the above in quantity,
clean and healthy, growing at Push Hill Park Nursery, Enfield,
ten minutes' walk (rom the Bush HiU Park Station, Great
Eastern Railway. Inspection invited.
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS,
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25^. per 100, or 4^.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.
Fines.
FOR SALE, 44 Black Jamaica PINES, fine,
stout, healthy stuff, in fruiting pots. Perfectly clean and
in first-rate condition. Will be sold cheap.
F. & A. DICKSON & SONS, "Upton" Nurseries, Chester.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from iZs. to 36^. per dozen.
These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
ALL ORDERS FOR
DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS
CARRIAGE FREE
BY RAIL OR PARCELS POST.
EXTRA QUALITY.
per doz.
HYACINTHS, choice named sorts
,, Early White Roman
TULIPS, best show varieties ,,
CROCUS, ten best distinct sorts
JONQUILS, sweet-scented
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, named
BORDER NARCISSUS, in variety
ANEMONES, tine French varieties
RANUNCULUS, Double French
SNOWDROPS, extra large roots
IRIS, German, in best mi.xture ..
SCILLA SIBIRICA, large size
SPIRvEA JAPONICA, for forcing
per 100
per doz.
per doz.
per 100
per doz.
CHRISTMAS ROSE, strong flowering roots ,
6 o
5 o
6 o
LILIUMS, EARLY GLADIOLUS, AMARYLLIS,
WINTER ACONITE, BEGONIAS,
TUBEROSES, CROWN IMPERIALS, IXIAS, &c.
CATALOGUES FREE.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY i SEED COMPANY (Limited),
HEREFORD.
&VERY SUPERIOR STOCK^ ^
-IN MOST CASES-
FREE BY POST OR RAIL
PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE
JamesDickson&Sons
"HEWTON" NURSERIESVurrrrn
I08EASTGATEST ii"""^"
Send Four Stamps
for
ElcWy Illustrated
in colours,
correctly after
New Catalogue of ' Nature.
Thi Fmrpcnce will te returned in the first purchoit.
BULBS
September 22, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
357
THE SELECTED BURGHLEY
PRESIDENT STRAWBERRY.
Characleristd by T.R. H.The Prince and Princess of Wales,
as the largest in size and the best in flavour : an enormous
cropper, and splendid glossy colour. Are now ready to send
out on turf, to insure a full crop next season. 3SJ. per loo;
ordinary Runners half price.
R. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamford.
To the Trade only.
EH. KRELAGE and SON, Nursery-
• MEN, Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland.
The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 355a) of Dutch Flower
Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous- rooted Plants
for 18S3-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen. Florists, and Seedsmen.
"IVTEW LILIUM HARRISI.— We were the
-i- ' intrnducers of this distinct and floriferous variety of
L. eximum last year.
Extract irom Gardeners,' Chronicle : — " Lllium Harrisi. — We
have received a two-flowered stem of this Lily from Messrs,
Watkins & Simpson, who introduced it into the London market,
and which is the second flower-stem produced this season in
the manner described by Mr. Clausen, at p. 53, by a second-
sized bulb in the possession of Mr. Walker, of Whitton, near
Hounslow. The flowers are very fine, and evidence seems to
be accumulating that it is distinct Irom L. longiflorum, or at
least a well-marked variety of that species. It does not appear
10 do well out-of doors, preferring the shelter of a cool green-
house ; and it stands forcing well. We understand that otie of
the most extensive growers of plants for market has given a
large order for bulbs (or forcmg next spring."
Price of Bulbs of the above and many other Lilies on applica-
tion to
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street. Strand. W.C.
HARDY VARIETIES of BRITISH
FERNS to be disposed of:—
SCOLOPENDRIUM CRISPUM.
,, varieties (handsome).
PULYSTICHUM ANGULARE.
„ ACULEATUM.
PULYPODIUMS (eood and valuable varieties).
The above now growing in the Gardens at Blomfield House,
Shooter's Hill, Kent, where application may be made and the
plants seen.
N A R C I S S U S .
THOMAS S. WARE begs to announce that
he has prepared a SPECIAL OFFER of Leading
Varieties of ihe above, which may be had upon application.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SEIiAQINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and v.iriety. Our ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
(price 6;/.) contains much useful information as well as " Hints
on Fern Culture." SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER ana EOPE, &c.
Superior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 4^. 6d. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from 51. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from 6s. per sack.
LOAM. Yellow Fibrous, IJ. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best. is. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, is. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, is. 6J. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, gd. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, fromfrf. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. id. per bag ; per truck
load of about 2 tons, 30J.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 41. 6d. per bag.
VIRGIN CORK., lis per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 3i, Glengarry Road, East Dulwlcli, S E.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
\d. per bushel : 100 for 255 : truck (loose, about 2 tons),
4of. ; 4 bushel baps, ^d. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6d. per sack ;
5 sacks, 251 ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks 22i. ; sacks,
^d. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND. is. grf. per bushel : 151. per half
ton, 2bs- per ton : in 2 bushel baes, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, es.id. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. WrneforFree
Price LIST.— H. O. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C^
pOCOA NUT FIBReTrEFUSE, newly
V_^ made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. 3'/. each, or
15 sacks, 1 8s. ; 30 sacks, £1 5s., sacks included. Truck-load,
loose. 33r. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
lished 1872 -J. STEVENS AND CO., " Greyhound " Yard,
and 132. High Street, Battersea, S.W.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants. &c.. £i 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 15s. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s. ; 5 Bags,
2 2S. 6<i. ; 10 Bags, 4SS. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
lol. 6d. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52s. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, £i per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 35s. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, &c,, of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Light or
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tons, 48s.
each Selected PEAT. 3S.persack. SILVER SANDand LEAF
MOULD, Zd. per bushel Sacks, 6d. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAM BERT, Ringvvood.
To His
Royal
Highness
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and PHncipal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Absolutely Pure. Free from anv
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the latnous '* Laguna " Cocoa- Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H. R H. the Prince of Wales : " The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nuc Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potiing, Plungine. Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Uulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Bordering to Flower Beds. Combines "warmth
and cleanliness ivith vahiable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
\s. dd. each; 10 sacks, 13J. ; 15 sacks, i8j. ; 20 sacks, 231. ;
30 sacks, 30,s. (all sacks includeti). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of P. M. SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, -zs. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, (jhobb^ ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London, E.
PUMPS and PUMPING MACHINERY
Of every description for Steam, Water, Wind,
Horse, or Manual Power.
Prices upon application with particulars of requirements.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOUL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
{JOHN COWAN). Li.MiTHi.,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by them and iill Nurserymen and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Prcbsand from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure,
A SPECIALITY.
Warner's Garden, Farm, or
Greenhouse Lift Pumps.
Warner's Improved Farmer's Fire Engine, or
Portable Force Pump for Manure.
Warner's Portable Pump, with
Improved Valves for Liquid
Manure.
WARNER & SONS, Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers,
CRESCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C.
BEESON'S ROSE, VINE, and PLANT
MANURE.
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all particulars please apply to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills,
SHEFFIELD.
Amortlser.— Amortlser. — Amortlser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS. FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea. G-eenHy,
Caterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCllON
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate btoom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watering the Ground which
Instantly Destroys Slugs. Wireworms, CaterpUlars, Grubs, &c.
When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample
Cans, 4^ gallons, 3^. 6d., tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
EUREKA!!! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbridgo,
Edinburgh. The only Insecticide worth using. Once used
always used.
DIRECTIONS. — For Syringing purposes, one part of the
Insecticide to loo parts of water. For Greenfly on Roses, &c.,
from I to 20, to I to 40 parts. For Thrip and Scale, i to 20
parts. For Bug, i to 15 parf;.
N.B.— rVry tender plants sliould be well syringed after
using tlte Insecticide.
In Bottle.":, ij , IS , and 3*. 6^. each. ^s. 6d. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
Wholesale Agents — IRELAND and THOMSON,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
STANDEN'S CELEBRATED MANURE,
in 2J. 6d. and ss. ftd tins. A small lot would be sold, a.
job, to clear, to save removal Offers requested per dozen.
X , Bates, Hendy & Co.. 37. Watbrook, E.C.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . . . 4J. 6d. per sack.
„ best black fibrous 35. 6d, „
.. extra selected Orchid .. .. ^s. od. ,.
LOAM, best yellow fibrous . . ..\
PREPARED COMPOST, best .. (11. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. .. ( included).
PEAT MOULD ]
SILVER SAND (coarse) .^ .. ij. 3rf. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. lorf. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. Sd. per lb.. 28 lb. iSi.
,. PAPER, finest imported .. .. lo;/. per lb., 28 lb. 2ir.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (sec soecial advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Certain Sudden DEATH
to all Qra.\>s, ApMs. Lice, Red Spider, Tlirips, Mealy
Bug, Caterpillars, &c.
Perfectly ) to the Hands and Skin, but will cure Ring-
Harmless i worm and all Diseases produced by Parasites,
FIR TREE OIL
(SOLUBLE) INSEGTIGIDE
A combination of Hydrocarbon Oils made Soluble in Water.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that
infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foliage. It cures Mildew and Blight on Fruit or Foliage, and
a. weak solution Kills all Vegewble Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c
Cleans Grapes from Mildew or Mealy Bug without affecting
the bloom ; and, thickened with a little day, makes a good
winter dressing. Destroys Lice and Fleas on Animals. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d., 2S. 6d., 4s. 6d. a bottle. Per
gallon 1 2 J. e^/., or less in larger quantities. Each bottle beaj-s
the Inventor's Trade Mark (a Cat's Head) and full directions
for use. Manufactured by
E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and
Wholesale Druggists.
New York: ROLKER and SONS.
358
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[SeFTEMBER 22, 1883.
THE HOME FOR FLOWERS.
All fond of Flowers will find ours the MOST
COMPLETE CATALOGUE of all floral re-
quirements during the autumn and winter,
which has been posted to our valued Customers,
and we should also be pleased to send a copy
to those whom we have not yet had the pleasure
of doing business with. It will be found both
useful and interesting, and supplying a want
so much needed in every Garden. Our Stock
is the finest we ever had, and comprises nearly
everything for the supply and production of the
Choicest Flowers in every private home all the
year round, and supplied at the very lowest
price consistent with quality and correctness,
and packed to all parts of the world. New and
old SOFT-WOODED PLANTS, ROSES,
BULBS, HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL
PLANTS, WINTER-BLOOMING PLANTS,
DAHLIAS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, CAR-
NATIONS, and PICOTEES, with the best
varieties of all sections of Popular Flowers, &c.
Is now, perhaps, more interesting, and more
information to be gained by a visit than to any
similar establishment in Europe. The whole
family of DAHLIAS (2 Acres) is now a grand
sight — Semi-doubles and the Singles in parti-
cular, and which comprises the entire collec-
tions of Messrs, CuUingford, Moore, Teesdale,
and E. J. Lowe. Choicest Seedlings, some of
which will be found to possess beauty and
usefulness much beyond anything anticipated.
We invite all to see and discuss their many
points of excellence.
CINERARIAS AND PRIMULAS,
It is a question if a more splendid and healthy
lot of some thousands of Seedlings from the
very best varieties ever before existed, in 3-inch
pots, and if shifted into 5 and 6-inch would be
objects of great beauty.
Primulas . .
Fern-leaf . .
Cinerarias
Double
From boxes, is.
s. d.
..3 0 doz.
..5 0 ,,
..2 6 „
..3 0 „
per doz. less.
Ours, the finest collection of named varieties ever
ought together. See CA TALOGUE, sent post-free.
DAHLIAS.
The following varieties are all of our sending
out, and have proved to be of more and more
value year by year. In pots and full of bud.
Juarezi (Red Cactus).
Crimson and Scarlet, Glare of the Garden.
Constance or Ariel, White Cactus.
Is. each, 10s. doz.
^ For every particular respecting the whole family of
Dahlias, see our CATALOGUE, sent post-free.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
»Ey^^:«f^^?WM
©u^c5ffo®etr[
.•SUPERB QUALITY.
Tiriu lOick of |i)ol[Huti.
Prices very jnodcrate.
jfree Deliveries. \
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE
(Illustrated).
fflclinblc nltniiHg. Aildress in f nil—
F.^fl.DlGI^SON^SONS,
XTbe Queen's SeeCisinen,
GHESTBI^. — —
BULBS FOR SPRING BEDDING.
Special Quotations for Large Quantities.
James Veitch & Sons
Have pleasure in stating that Her Majesty's Commissioners ot Works have again
accepted their tenders, in open competition, for the supply of Bulbs, for the decoration
of Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, Regent's Park, Battersea Park, St. James' Park
Kennington Park, Hampton Court Gardens, &c.
J. V. & S. will be pleased to give Special Quotations for Bulbs of similar quality, where
large quantities are required for Spring Gardening.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W.
THURSDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 6472.)
MASDEVALLIA SCHLIMI
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 3S, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on
THURSDAY NEXT, September 27, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely,
A very Superb Importation of Masdevallia Schlimi,
Every plant alive will be offered, and those received are in simply grand order. It is the most
extraordinary Masdevallia we have yet introduced. Collector states that the plants are perfectly
covered with flowers, and the plant will flower all the year round. As many as seven flowers are
produced on the spikes which stand well above the handsome foliage ; all open at one and the same
time, thus forming a perfect bouquet. The plant is figured in the Gardeners^ Chronicle, April 28,
and full material will be on view. We tried to introduce it two years ago, but failed. Last year
out of 2000 plants four only came alive ; this year we have been more successful. A First-class
Certificate was awarded by the Royal Horticultural Society on April 10 last.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET,' COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
FRIDAY NEXT.
L.^LIA ELEGANS
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by
Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely,
A Special Grand Importation of Laelia elegans and its varieties.
The masses are very large indeed, and in grand condition, with resting eyes and splendid bulbs
and leaves. At the same time will be sold several other Valuable Importations.
On View Morning of Sale.
CATALOGUES at the ROOMS, and 8, NEW BROAD STREET, LONDON, E.C.
THE HORTICULTURAL DIRECTORY FOR 1884.
GARDENERS who have changed their Situations since the last Publication are
requested to send the Correction to the Editor as early as possible; and
NURSERYMEN-, SEEDSMEN, and FLORISTS of GREAT BRITAIN and the CONTINENT
■will kindly send their Card if any alteration has been made in their Firm.
Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 42s. for One Page; 25^. One Half;
and I $s. One Quarter of a Page.
"JOURNAL of HORTICULTURE" OFFICE, 171, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C.
September 22, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
359
WEBBS'
CHOICE
COLLECTIONS OP
FLOWER ROOTS
^.^?^TS^
For GREENHOUSE DECORATION
CoUecti'^n A, containing 128 Eulbs Price 105. dd.
II B, „ 207 ,, .. „ isr.
M ^> >» 259 ,, . . ,1 215.
.,. I>, ,> 444 I. •• .. 42J-
SM^ Delivered Free by Post cr Rail.
For OUTDOOR CULTIVATION.
Collection E. containing 315 Bulbs
F. ,. 424 .,
G, ,, 680 „ .. ,
,. H, „ 1280 „
„ I. ,, 182S
J, „ 2709 ..
its" Delivered Free by Post or Rail.
Price \os. bd.
„ 21J.
,, 421.
63^.
II IO5X.
For POTS, GLASSES, VASES, &c.
Collection K, contaii.inK 124 Bulbs
L, „ 163 „ .. ,
M, „ 255 ,,
11 N. ,. 40} .,
O. „ 586 „
„ P. „ SSi ,, .. ,
BlW Delivered Free by Post or Rail.
[ice \os. 61/.
,, iss.
11 21J.
42J.
63J.
t> 1055.
For Further Particulars see
WEBBS' Bulb Catalogue,
GRATIS and FOSTFKEE.
THE QUEENS SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY,8T0URBR1DGE.
BAUMFORTH'S
.SEEDLING RASPBERRY.
From the great reputation this New Rasp-
berry has attained for size, quality, and heavy
cropping, I fully anticipate again a very large
demand for Canes.
I recommend Orders to be sent in at once, to
secure a supply.
PRICES :—
Planting Canes . . . . 25.1. per 100, 4^. per dozen.
Fruiting Canes, extra strong. 355. per 100, 6j. per dozen.
Special Prices to the Trade on application.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON,
SEED MERCHANT and NURSERYMAN,
HtlLL.
BEAUTIFUL
ELOWEES
AT CHRISTMAS
May be secured by plantin.^
SUTTONS'
FORCING BULBS
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
OF BULBS
Most suited for Late Summer
and Early Autumn Potting,
INCLUDING
EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS,
DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, SNOW-
DROPS, CROCUS, JONQUILS,
DUC VAN THOL TULIPS, SCILLAS,
&c., &c., at
42s., 31s. 6d., 21s. and 10s. 6d.
each.
ROMAN HYACINTHS
(FOR FORCING). s. d.
Single White . . per dozen 3s. 6d. ; per too 26 0
Single Blue .. „ 23. Od.; „ 14 0
EARLY NARCISSUS
I.FOR FORCING). s. d.
Double Roman .. per dozen 2s. 6d. : per 100 17 6
Paper White . . „ 2s. Od. ; „ 14 0
SUTTONS' HYACINTHS
(FOR FORCING).
50 Hyacinths, in 25 named varieties
25 ,, 25 „
12 ,, 12 ,,
J. d.
42 0
22 6
12 0
EARLY TULIPS, Singled Double
(FOR FORCING). s. d.
100 Tulips, in 10 varieties 15 0
50 ,, 10 8 0
25 „ 5 4 0
12 „ 4 2 0
For full particulars of
SUTTONS' CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS
SUTTONS'
AUTUMN CATALOGUE,
Gratis and post-free on application.
ALL GOODS CARRIAGE FREE
(if of 203. value).
ijUfyyufom
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
and by Special Warrant to
H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF W.^^LES,
BEADINQ, BEBKS.
THE
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 18S3.
COMPENSATION FOR UNEX-
HAUSTED MANURES.
IN these days of demand for freedom from
restriction and of compensation to the
tenant farmer for unexhausted improvements,
the above subject is naturally attracting a great
deal of attention amongst the numerous body
interested in agriculture, and, in fact, it is a
question which affects, more or less, every
member of society, especially when we consider
that three-fourths of our population are em-
ployed, either directly or indirectly, in some
branch connected with the cultivation of the
soil.
And there is no person more thoroughly
competent to deal with this intricate problem
than Sir J. 15. Lawcs, who has devoied the
greater portion of his life in studying the work-
ings of Nature, and making her, as far as lays
in man's power, subservient to his will.
About two years ago a series of papers issued
from thepenofSir J. B. Lawes, on the "Fertility
of Soils," which appeared first in the Agricul-
tural Gazette, and were afterwards revised and
published in the form of a pamphlet. Now we
have before us a similar publication, from the
saine eminent authority, on the " Compensation
for Unexhausted Manures," in which the author
maintains that the objection of the landowners
to legislation upon tenants' claims would be
considerably lessened if the value of the claim
could be more correctly ascertained. For, at
present, there is some ground for the fear that
from ignorance, an arbitrator may award com-
pensation to a tenant for acts that have tended
rather to reduce than to increase the fertility
of the soil.
Dividing the constituents which exist in our
crops into two portions we learn that carbon
and water are obtained from the atmosphere,
while the nitrogen and mineral substances
are derived from the soil. The atmosphere
furnishes from 90 to 95 per cent., and the soil
from 5 to 10 per cent, of the dry substance of
crops. The stock of fertility which exists in
soils, though generally large, is for the most part
in a latent form.
The nitrogen, for instance, which is in com-
bination with carbon, does not appear to be
available to any extent for the food of plants
until it has been separated from the carbon,
and by combination with oxygen has assumed
the form of nitric acid. Its manuring properties
we know are then very great.
The various mechanical operations which
take place on the farm or in the garden
— ploughing, digging, trenching, harrowing,
rolling, hoeing — have for their one object the
formation of nitric acid. A fertile soil is one
competent to liberate and render available for
the use ol plants a considerable amount of
active nitrogen from its store of organic nitro-
gen ; while an abundant season is one in which
the crops are enabled to take up an unusual
amount of this active plant-food by means of
their roots.
In an ordinary agreement Sir John supposes
the landlord to say to the tenant — "You may
have unlimited powers to extract what you can
from the atmosphere, as it is the common pro-
360
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883.
perty of us all ; but of the ingredients of the
soil — which are my property — you must only
sell such amount as is contained in animal pro-
ducts, or grain. You must not sell hay, straw,
or roots."
The reason of this restriction is obvious
enough when we consider that in relation to the
money value, grain, meat and milk remove the
minimum of fertility, that is of nitrogen, from
the soil ; this is plainly shown in the following
table :—
Number of Poujiis of Niitogen contained in produce that
would sell for £ to.
Milk 40 lb. j Roots 250 lb.
Live animal .. .. 28 1b. Hay .. .. .. 4281b.
Wheat 781b. I Straw 510 lb.
Hence the soil constituents removed in ^loo
value of animals sold off the farm could be re-
placed by an e.xpenditure of about ^^5 ; while
the same money value sold off in Swedes could
not be replaced for less than ^40.
In the pamphlet before us Sir John brings
forward many illustrations from his experiments
at Rothamsted to show that unexhausted fer-
tility is to be found quite as much in the crops
grown as in any substance still in the soil which
has yet to be taken up by a crop. In a well-
fed pasture it is quite probable that from 60
to 70 per cent, of the nitrogen of the grass
would be returned to the soil in the urine from
the animals, and if the summer were not too
dry a considerable amount of this nitrogen would
be available for the production of active growth
in the same year. While a pasture may not
produce more dry substance when fed than
when made into hay, an equal dry weight of
the fed grass would be much richer than hay,
in nitrogen, ash, and digestible food.
If, therefore, the stock of organic nitrogen in
the soil is reduced by arable farming, with its
constant tillage operations and absence of active
vegetation during a considerable part of the
year, we might naturally e.\pect that the organic
nitrogen would again accumulate during the
formation of a permanent pasture ; and we are
told that it is quite possible for a tenant to
divert the fertility from the arable part of his
farm, and thus form a pasture by means of the
inherent fertility which is the property of the
landlord, and not from fertility which he has
himself imported.
The following results give us some valuable
evidence bearing upon this point : —
Table sluywing ihe Amount of Nitrogen per cent, in the first
9 inches of dry soil in several fields at Rothanuted.
Nitrogen per cent,
1. Root aops grown continuously by mineral
manures 0.C934
2. "Wheat crops grown continuously by mineral
manures .. o.tooo
3. Ordinary arable land just laid down to pasture . 0.1235
4. Pasture laid down in 1872 .. .. .. .. 0.1509
5. Pasture laid down in 1863 .. .. .. ., 0.1740
6. Pasture laid down in 1858 0.2048
7. Pasture laid down in 183S .. 0.1949
8. Very old pasture, age unknown 0.2466
Multiplying these figures by 2\ the product
will represent the number of pounds per acre of
nitrogen in the first 9 inches of soil. Thus No. i
field will contain 2335 lb. of nitrogen, and No. 2
field 2500 lb. As No. 3 represents the compo-
sition of ordinary arable land we see the reduc-
tion of fertility which has followed the removal
of crops for a number of years where no nitro-
gen has been employed as manure. The various
accumulations of nitrogen are not only interest-
ing, but extremely instructive ; more especially
as they have taken place under the most oppo-
site modes of treatment.
Field No. 6, for instance, which has received
alternately either an annual application of pur-
chased dung or of artificial manures, has been
mown for hay every year since it was first laid
down in 1858.
In field No. 5 stock has been fed with decor-
ticated cotton cake, and no hay taken for the
last eighteen years.
The analyses of No. 8 was made after twenty
unmanured crops of hay had been removed.
Assuming that all these soils were originally
virgin pasture, we are able to trace the reduction
of their fertility during some centuries of arable
cultivation by comparing the nitrogen of the
old pasture No. 8, with that of No .3, the land
just laid down to grass. If, again, we compare
No. 3 with the soil of the two experimental
fields, Nos. I, and 2, we see the loss which has
taken place by a more exhaustive mode of
cropping without the restoration of any sub-
stance containing nitrogen for a period of about
thirty years.
In the composition of the various pasture
lands we may trace the accumulation of nitrogen
in the soil as the pasture approaches maturity.
But in all the instances recorded, Sir John says,
the pastures have been formed by large imports
of both nitrogen and of minerals ; and that the
amount and cost of these would certainly form
an important item if the value of an established
pasture is made the subject for compensation.
Sir John concludes by supposing that the
object to be attained in all compensations is to
secure to the tenant the full value of his own
improvements in such a manner as shall be as
little burdensome as possible either to his suc-
cessor or to the owner of the land ; and he raises
the question whether the claim of a tenant for
unexhausted fertility could not be met by assign-
ing to him a certain portion of the various crops
grown by his own importations of cake and
manures, and allowing him to dispose of them
in whatever way he pleased.
In many cases where the crop is grown by
some artificial manure of a not very durable
nature, the tenant would doubtless be compen-
sated by giving him the ensuing value of his
crop, but where a considerable portion of the
produce is grown entirely by manures which
the tenant has imported, Sir John considers he
is entitled to carry off the portion of the crops
so grown, or to receive their selling value.
SIGMATOSTALIX MALLEIFERA, n. sp."
A VERY curious little gem, with all the habit of a
small Oncidium, excepting its peculiar inflorescence.
Bulbs oblong, scarcely reaching ij inch in length,
i inch in breadth, with some short, irregular, often
curved furrows, darkest brown, shining, a great con-
trast to the light green leaves. Leaves cuneate linear-
ligulate acute, 5 inches : 0.5 inch. Inflorescence
scarcely reaching the longest leaves, very slender, with
some (four) fascicuh of scatiose linear-lanceolate acu-
minate brads. The flowers develope at distant
periods. Whether the comparatively immense
interval of the last flower in June to the actual end
of August is regular or a consequence of travelling I
cannot say. Flowers equal in size to those of Odonto-
glossum longifolium, Lindl. Sepals and tepals ligu-
late triangular acute, light yellow, with numerous
transverse sepia-brown bars and spots. Lip with a
broad predominant hammer-like callus, having a very
short stipes, and descending, more or less lobed
shanks. The blade of the lip is fleshy, tripartite, the
partitions linear retuse, emarginate. There is a
lumour at each side of the base of the lateral parti-
tions. The colours are various kinds of yellow. There
are two longitudinal brown lines on the mid-lacinia,
and a few small spots outside on the side lacinia;.
Column slender, light green, with a strong cal-
lus at the base of the triangular acuminate caudi-
■cula. I had a fine living plant of this novelty
kindly sent by Mr. F. Sander. There is little doubt
left me of its being of Neogranadan origin, the
four comparable species being inhabitants of New
Grenada. No one of them reached Europe alive, at
" Sigmatostahx malleifera, n. sp.— Aff. Sigmatost. re-
versse. Rchb. f. Pseudobulbis oblongo-ligulatis varie et
breviler sulcatis ; foliis lineari-ligulatis acutis ; pedunculo dis-
tanter fasciculato ; bracteis scariosis lineari-triangulis : sepalis
tepalisque triangulo-Iigulatis acutis stellatis ; labelli callo basi-
lari malleiformi. cruribus descendentibus extus lobatis, parti-
tionibus temis linearibus antice retusis emarginatis ascendenti-
bus, basi sua umbonatis j columna: rostello ascendente. H. G.
Rchl.f.
least I think so. One species I may have seen ex-
hibited at Brussels by Director Linden, but I never
had the flowers to dissect, and have but a vague
impresson. H. G. Rchb. f.
Masdevallia trich/ete, n. sp.*
Once more a fresh gem of the Triaristella group,
much in the wayof triglochin, but with longer leaves and
smaller flowers. These are of a richer brown-purple
with orange tails, and some parts at the base are
orange, too, and with brown nerves. Petals not ligu-
late, but ovate, with three very obscure teeth at the
apex. Lip triangular-acuminate, cordate at the base.
Column sulphur at the upper half. It was imported
by Dr. Wallace, Lion Walk, Colchester (New Bulb
Company). H. G. Rchb. f.
Zygopetalum forcipatum, ». sp.-\
A curious Kefersteinia with as large flowers (for the
group) as those of Z. gramineum, whitish-ochre
coloured. The lip is very broad, dilated from the
base, fimbriated on the anterior side. There are two
brick-red spaces on both sides of the callus ; one callus
is oblong ligulate, forcipate in front, with an obtuse-
angled projection on each side. There are a few
purple spots on the anterior part of the lip, and
similar lines at the base of the column. There is no
keel under the stigmatic hollow. I had this novelty
from Messrs. Shutlleworth & Carder, Park Road,
Capham. H. G. Rchb. f.
Masdevallia Reicheneachia, {Endr.) var.
AURANTIACA, nov. var.
A very fine variety, having rich orange in lieu of
the dark purple-brown colour that overlies the
lateral sepals. I have to thank Mr. F. Sander, of
St. Albans, for it. H. G. Rchb.f.
A SHORT AUGUST HOLIDAY-
To the hard-working professional man Londoa
becomes by the end uf July well-nigh unendurable.
Asphyxiation seems inevitable, and fresh air, no
matter where, appears the chief object in life. To a
Londoner who has the misfortune to be fond of a
garden, few less satisfactory holiday resorts under
these circumstances can well be imagined than those
*' Londons-by-the-Sea " — our ordinary South-coast
watering places. Ideas, even on gardening, may,
however, occur to the ozone-refreshed mind among
the stucco terraces of St, Leonards, or on the bare
downs of Brighton. It was at the former of these
localities that my lot was cast during the first half of
August ; and, though during that time I saw no horti-
cultural displays, usually so called, for suggestiveness,
I cannot say that my lot was not "in pleasant
places." In addition to several somewhat dismal
smaller gardens, the people of Hastings and St.
Leonards are fortunate in having secured a winding
glen, or valley, behind the town as a beautiful public
garden or park, which, in spite of the excessively light
soil, cannot fail to increase in beauty as it does in age.
One of the highest and best sites in the town is occu-
pied by tennis-lawns, a iew scrubby Oaks, a miserable
pool of turbid water, too artificial to be dignified by
the name of a duck-pond, a flagstaff— flagstaffs are
inevitable appendages of a seaside garden — two
"rustic" summer-houses and a geometrical bed of
Sedums, &c., styled the Gensing Gardens. Here
opportunities have been lost of which elsewhere more
has unwittingly been made. For instance, nothing
can be happier than the association of the warm red
stems and delicate green featherinessof the Tamarisk,
bending before the breeze, with the buff and grey
masses of sandstone which crop out at the surface of
the Castle rock in a natural manner, that would move
the heart of any true landscape gardener to envy.
The luxuriance of Euonymus japonicus, defying
attempts at retaining its sickly golden variegation, of
Hydrangeas, of the common Fuchsia, of Veronicas,
and of Carnations, whilst it vividly impresses upon
one's mind the characteristics of an insular flora,
* Masdevallia irkhcete, n. sp. — Casspitosa : foliis lineari-
lanceis apice bidentalis cumapiculo; pedunculis capillaribus ;
sepalo impari triangulo fornicato ia setam prope ajqualem
extenso ; sepalis lateralibus prope omnino connatis supra
apicem in setas breviores extensis ; tepalis cbloagis apice
obtuse tridentatis ; labello cordato triangulo. R. G. Rchb. f.
t ZygQpeialwnjorcipatwn,-a. sp.— Aff. Zygopetalo giamineo,
Lindl. ; sepalis ligulatis, lateralibus basi externa involutis ;
tepalis .ligulatis angustioribus ; labello ab ungue statim dila-
tato, subrotundo, antico. diviso fimbriate, callo depress© ia
basi, antice forcipato, ulrinque obtusangulo, carina subfovea
subevandia ; coluQina utrinque dilatata, H. G. Rchb.f.
Sfptemtikr 22, 1SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
361
shows also the selections which we should cuhlvate in
seaside gardens, public or private. Fortunately, how-
ever, there are many beauteous plant-groupings round
St. Leonards besides those planted by man. In
Maplehurst Wood, near Westlield, the ground is
carpeted with the lesser Periwinkle, lu,xuriating in
the sandy soil, while here and there in open spots
among the coppice are the spikes of the spotted and
the sweet-scented Butterfly Orchids. Few of our
common phases of Nature's landscape gardening are
more charming than a small extent of true heath-land
still saved by its barrenness from the remorseless
plough. Little patches of the golden dwarf Furze
amidst rich crimson Heath (Erica cinerea), the
brownish foliage and paler pink florets of the
Ling, and the delicate blue bells of Campanula rotun-
difolia, with here and there some unfolding crooks
of Bracken, some deep red Betony, or a patch of
green grass studded with the yellow stars of the tiny
Tormentil, and the yet more minutely beautiful
throats of white Eyebright, striped with lilac and
gold. These form together a common-place assembly
of common plants. Vou can see it at Ilampstead as
well as here at Westfield ; but how seldom do you
see a recognition of its beauties or a reproduction of
them within the home inclosure. I call to mind
houses near Woburn where one could step from the
garden on to such a heath shut in on two sides by
great solemn Pine woods whose fragrance compensated
for the narrowing of a far-stretching landscape visible
on the other sides ; and I also remember a lovely
winding pond surrounded with drooping Hornbeams
at Knighton, near Woodford, where the Mediterra-
nean Heath contrasted its crimson spring-tide
blossoms not only with the warm yellow-brown of the
gravel soil, but with the varied beauties of many-
tinted Narcissi, orange, golden, lemon, white, and
cream-coloured. It is a pity such bits of Nature-
painting are not more common.
Not far from Westfield was a stream in whose
waters and on whose banks a very different assemblage
of common plants taught another lesson in grouping.
The foamy Meadowsweet raised its rich brown
stems above the brilliant spikes of the Loosestrife
(Lythrum Salicaria), side by side with the almost
identically coloured but fragrant " Codlinsand-
Cream " (Epilobium hirsutum) ; and, among the
abundant sedges that made an agreeable relief of
green, the curious " fuzz-balls " of the branched Bur-
reed (Sparganium ramosum), surmounted with the
tufts of stamens resembling frosted silver, furnished a
quaint beauty of their own. The heavenly blue of
the Forget-me-Not, with its clearest of green foliage ;
large plants of the Water Dock (Rumex hydrolapa-
thum), already in places turning to its fiery autumnal
red ; and on the bank great clumps of Ragwort
(Senecio Jacoboea), surpassing all that we can make
of its cousin. Cineraria cruenta j with masses of the
cut foliage and delicately blushing flowers of the Musk
Mallow (Malva moschata), very common hereabouts,
afforded an instance of how lavish Nature can be in
the use of brilliant tints without the least suggestion
of garishness or incongruity. The graceful flowering
Rush (Butomus umbellatus) and the strikingly large
white trumpets of the Convolvulus were not in this
particular landscape at Westfield ; but later in my
holiday I saw an attempt, in a great measure success-
ful, to reproduce such a selection with these and other
additional beauties from our indigenous flora.
By Road, Rail, and Sea from St. Leonard's
TO Bexhill : a Bank Holiday Excursion. —
The distance is truly not great, but to the botanist the
interests are varied — a shingle beach, a railway on an
embankment of chalk brought from some other
district, a sea marsh, traversed by a canal, and
behind the sand hills, heathy on their bleaker por-
tions, but densely wooded in their winding hollows,
which mark the course of the sea-seeking rivulets — the
"conditions" are certainly varied. In the hedge-
rows near Hollington is the Butcher's Broom (Ruscus
aculeatus), and on "rough bits " too steep for the
plough sometimes the Broom, not now in flower, and
sometimes its equally beautiful though lower growing
relative the Dyer's Greenweed (Genista tinctoria), in
lull blossom. This pretty plant is very abundant in
Mid-Sussex, and a glance at the representations of the
Plantagenet badges of flowers and fruit can leave no
doubt as to their being derived from this species. In
field corners is the Hairy Tare (Ervum hirsutum), and
among the now ripening corn large plants of the
scarlet Pimpernel, luxuriating in the warm sandy
soil on this bright August day, aie expanding their
purple centred flowers to fully the diameter of a
fourpenny-piecc. Equally rejoicing in sand, or rather
in warm dry soil and in sunshine, the bcau'iful Cen-
taury is everywhere abundant in this neighbourhood,
and here and there are the deep blue flowers tif the
Flax (Linum angustifolium), waving on their slender
stems. In the short grass of the breezy down behind
Bo-peep, is the stemless Thistle (Carduus acaiilis),
and the more ubiquitous Eyebright (Kuphrasin) and
Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) ; whilst in a
shady neighbouring glen, where the tufted Vetch
(Vicia cracca). Black Bryony (Tamus communis)
and white Convolvulus tangle among the brushwood
of Alder, Hazel, and Dogwood (Cornus sanguinea),
is the Shield Fern (Polystichum aculeatum), which
seems here to replace to a great extent the commoner
male Fern.
On the railway embankment are gigantic Teazles,
their flower-heads girdled with lilac blossoms, and
thronged with bees ; such characteristically limestone
plants as the Kidney Vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria)
and the Cathartic Flax (Linum catharticum), together
with abundance of Herb Robert, yellow Toad-Flax,
and both the Bladder and Evening Campions (Silene
inflata and Lychnis vespertina). In the sandy hedge-
rows of the district the Red Robin (L. diurna) is
the only common form. Here, too, I found the
Yellow Melilot (Melilotus officinalis), which may be
almost said to be characteristic of railway banks ; the
Purple Medick (Medicago sativa), and one plant of
the lovely little Ivy-leaved Toad-Flax — the " erha
del/a iMaJonna " of Italian artists — scrambling over
some large blocks of chalk, as it does over the ruined
walls in Bellini's pictures. Here, also, wandering
from the neighbouring beach, the Yellow Horned
Poppy (Glaucium luteum) was spreading its grey
leaves and grotesque fruits, together with the fleshy-
leaved maritime variety of the Bittersweet, the Sea
Campion, the Sea Blite, and Sandwort Spurreys.
Peaceably overgrowing the platform of the cannon
on the beach at Bo-peep were the Viper's Bugloss,
the Rest Harrow, and the Succory, mingleil
with the seaside Plantain and Dock ; whilst inland
stretched a flat covered with Rushes, Sedges, and
the Squirrel-tailed grass, so abundant on Romney
Marsh — Hordeum mariiimum. Towards Bulverhithe,
the traditional landing-place of William the Con-
queror, hedge-rows come down close to the shingly
beach, consisting mainly of Blackthorn and Hazel,
and reminding us that it is the fruits of the latter
mingled with acorns that form the chief recognisable
remains found in the submerged forest opposite the
Queen's Hotel at Hastings. Bexhill-on-Sea bears at
present the very faintest resemblance to a fashionab'e
watering-place ; but, alas I many roads appear laid
out in "eligible building estates" on its outskirts,
with here and there the " shell " of two or three villa=,
the forerunners of that general invasion of the
builder, which, were the situation more sheltered,
might be imminent. Passing an old wall thickly
studded with plants of Wall Rue (Asplenium Ruta-
muraria) we leave the town by a steep hill, and reach
the lanes between it and Pevensey.
Charles Lamb long ago defended the writers of
marginal notes, and I had occasion on this 6th of August
to revere the memory of one such. A certain Mr. R.
Hodgson was in this neighbourhood in 1814, and in
the margin of his copy of the Botanists' Guide (which
was afterwards sold and came into my possession) he
entered " Bartsia viscosa by the road-side about a
mile beyond Bexhill towards Pevensey plentifully."
Here I found it rejoicing, for, though not attractive,
it is not by any means a common plant.
On the Track of the Invader.— From Bul-
verhithe there is low ground towards Crowhurst, some
parts of Hollington and Catsfield, to that field of
Senlac of direful memory, now the beautiful park over
which the ruined abbey still stands commemoratively
aloft. Though it is the Crowhurst in south-east
Surrey that is celebrated for possessing the largest
Yew tree in England, the Sussex village has also a
fine tree, and it was on trees intent that I thither
wended my way over ground once no doubt ransacked
by Norman foraging parties. Passing the uncomfort-
able-looking Oak, with its roots almost laid bare, that
marks the " three-went-way " known as Hollington,
I could not resist the temptation to turn aside and
revisit the too tourist-haunted "church in the wood."
Crossing sloping pastures, bright with Knapweed and
Genista, and the Alder-hung "brook that brawls
along this wood," I was beneath an archway of Elm
boughs that usher the visitor into the crowded little
churchyard. This Elm seemed like the Ulmus car-
pinifolia of Lindley, and its namesake the Hornbeam
(Carpinus betulus), of which more anon, was not far
off. The Wall Rue was growing in the crannies of the
old church tower, and the thought naturally suggested
itself as to the means of dispersal of such scattered
plants as this. How many millions of spores may
have been wasted hereabouts before the Bexhill colony
was able to establish a branch here through a friendly
breeze, or virc vt'rsii.
The woods between this and Bexhill have every
appearance of being truly remnants of the once great
Anderidaes Weald, in which there were probably but
scanty clearings or " fields " when William landed at
Bulverhithe. They are mainly Oak, with much Hazel,
a considerable admixture of Hornbeam and Holly,
and plenty of Ash and Maple. Blackthorn and Dog-
wood form the underwood, and Elders are not un-
common, whilst all the moist glens are marked by the
darker-foliaged Alder. Such is, perhaps, not an un-
fair representation of the indigenous British "forest
primseval," at least in the south. The Oak and the
Ash remind one of so-called Druidic rites and Nor-
thern superstitions, the Holly recals the ancient
trees on the bleak earthworks in Cornwall and
round the Speech-house in the very heart of the
Forest of Dean, and the Hornbeam brings to mind
the dense thickets round the old British camp at
Oldbury Hill, near Ightham, Kent ; the pollards
of Epping, and their probably outlying kinsfolk at
Easenye, near Ware, and in Enfield Chase. In
heathy clearings the creamy blossoms of the Cow
Wheat, and the still paler Wood Sage (Teuciium
Chamasdrys), probably then, as now, mingled with
crimson Heath and Betony and graceful Harebells ;
whilst in shady spots the Red Campion abounded ; but
to a far more recent date belongs the smiling land-
scape that greets one as one descends the steep hill
by which the road (flanked by the most picturesque
yellow sandstone rocks) enters the scattered village of
Crowhurst. Here a Hop-field, in all the beauty of a
most promising crop, fills the hollow, whilst, as if to
prepare you for a sight of the tree of the village, many
fine Yew trees — its children, doubtless— are scattered
here and there like the houses. You have to go up
one hill and down another, however, before you get
to the church ; and at the bottom of the second you
may be delayed by the charms of a rivulet, by which
I noted two out of the three forms of the Purple
Loosestrife, the long and the medium styled.
The church itself is not noteworthy, though prettily
situated on sloping ground ; but there are more than
one notable tree in the churchyard. The Yew is
about 25 feet in girth at 5 feet from the ground —
truly a noble tree, though hollow. Near it stands a
Maple about 7 feet in girth, and at three other
corners of God's acre are three more Yews, one at
least of which reaches 4 feet through, and is appa-
rently sound to the core. South of the church stand
the walls of a large building said to have been a
manor-house. Its gable end shows the remains of so
finely traceried a window that one would rather think it
some ecclesiastical edifice ; and among its stone ruined
work grows the Wallflower, as at Lymne, at Peven-
sey, at Battle, and in many another Norman ruin.
Sandy lanes, where Polypody hangs from the •
rocky banks, amid Broom, Bracken, Bryony, and
Betony, with occasionally a pretty white-flowered
variety of the latter, bring me from Crowhurst to
Battle, to a totally different order of beauty.
In the descriptions of the battlefield of Senlac that
subjected England to a foreign yoke, we read that
whilst William was entrenched on Telham Hdl
towards Crowhurst, Harold, on the hill where the
Abbey now stands, had marshy ground on his right,
i.e., to the south-west of his position. Still warlike
in its associations, that marshy ground is now the
site of two powder-mill ponds, buried in thick woods
and separated by a wooded swamp.
Few spots can better teach the lesson of reticence
in landscape gardening. Surprise is an important
element in beauty, and to come upon a flowery lake
or rocky cascade "while wandering in the mazes of
some wood," is more pleasing than to have a similar
cascade or expanse of water thrust upon your notice
as it abruptly ends some upland lawn, where Nature
would never have placed it.
Here, beneath fine Beeches, the ground is carpeted
with Bracken, Foxgloves, wild Hyacinths, Straw-
berries, and Wood Sorrel. The surplus water pours
over mossy brickwork into a deep pool overhung
with trees, and trickles out as a bubbling rivulet,
362
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883.
whilst if you push aside the Alder boughs, you find
the swans swimming on a glassy pool, here and there
overgrown with Water Lilies, or encroached upon
by a miniature forest of Horse-tails or by a denser
growth of Bulrushes (Typha). The swampy margins,
which have been gay in succession with Marsh
Marigolds, with yellow Iris, and with the now waning
Meadow-sweet, are bright with Willow-herb and
yellow Loosestrife. The latter (Lysimachia vulgaris)
was growing here to 7 feet in height, and sending out
delicate horizontal stolons of a pink colour, through
the mud, for 4 or 5 feet on either side of them. The
cut leaves of the Gipsy Wort (Lycopus), and the in-
conspicuous Skullcap (Scutellaria galericulata),
mingled with the lace-flowered Bog Bean (Menyanthes
trifoliata) in the water, and with the Hard Fern
(Blechnum spicant) on the bank ; whilst the Bur-reed
mixes its green foliage with the grey sword-blades of
the Bulrush, and the Bittersweet scrambles over
everything, as if to proclaim itself an aquatic by
predilection. Some close shaded Chestnut coppice,
and a belt of sombre Pine-wood beyond give an
additional piquancy to the gay beauty of this
"sequestered nook," G. S. Boulder,
(TV be contimied.')
SPRING BULBS FOR COOL
GREENHOUSE.
Last spring I used a large number of choice hardy
bulbs for the decoration of a very cool house, and the
effect was quite novel. Many an experienced gar-
dener visited that house and knew nothing, or but
little of the subjects forming the display. The eye is
wearied by a monotonous stage of Azaleas, Primulas,
&c., however valuable they are for the purpose. In
connection with such plants a judicious selection
should be made of hardy bulbs, which, when in
flower, will not only relieve the sameness superficially,
but will stand closer investigation, so that a house
thus filled becomes one of unusual interest, fresh and
beautiful forms meeting you at every step. I am more
strongly induced to make these remarks because I
know many leading gardeners are about to introduce
the system into their various establishments, simply
because the tastes of the times imperatively demand
it ; in fact, gardeners as well as employers are
being educated into the value of hardy flowers for
all kinds of decorative purposes. For a long time
past a select few have been grown most extensively—
e.g.. Tulips, Roman Hyacinths, the Poet's Narcissus,
Jonquils, &c. ; but there is a big army of other
charming kinds only requiring intelligent cultivation
to substantiate what has long been said in their favour.
The species described herewith have all been tried,
and answer the purpose right well, all of them being
extremely pretty.
They should be potted at once, and the same com-
post will suit all— say, two parts good loam and one
leaf-mould and weil-decayed manure, with some
coarse sand to make the mixture open. Arrange
three or more bulbs in 5-inch pots ; of course, in the
case of the small growing kinds, like Chionodoxa,
Scillas, &c., more bulbs will be required to make a
good pot. When all are potted up, plunge the pots
in ashes or cocoa-nut fibre, covering an inch or two
of the plunging material over the top of the pots ;
any position may be selected for them outside or in a
cold frame ; they will speedily resume root action and
become well established before the winter sets in ; no
further protection will be requisite during the winter,
as all the kinds mentioned are quite hardy. After the
new year has passed it will be necessary to remove
some of the covering to see whether any are showing
above ground, if so, do not cover them again, or but
very slightly, as it is desirable to keep them sturdy.
As growth is developed it will be better to remove
them to a cold frame, where they will receive pro-
tection from biting winds and black frosts, which
injure the foliage and spoil the appearance of the
plants. Of course the management beyond this stage
must be regulated by the time at which they will be
required. All will stand gentle forcing, if necessary,
but they are much better if allowed to come on with
the assistance of a cold frame or house only. Some
kinds are naturally very early flowering, and cannot
be kept back, such as the Galanthuses, &c., while
others, as Narcissi for example, do not flower naturally
before April, May, and early June, but they may be
had in during March and afterwards with but slight
forcing. Many other kinds may be judiciously added
to those described below.
Anemone Robinsoniana. — Also called A. nemorosa
ccerulea, which may be right, as it can only claim to
be a varietal form of the Wood Anemone. It produces
charming pale sky-blue flowers from \\ to 2 inches
across, on stems from 6 to 9 inches high, a veritable
gem, flowering during April and May.
A. ranunculoides. — A pretty species, with divided
deep green leaves and bright golden-yellow flowers,
very freely produced, and lasting a long time under
glass ; produced in April. I find it best to allow the
roots to remain undisturbed in the pots for two or
three years.
A. Julgens. — The brilliant scarlet Windflower,
very variable, but when you get a good form with
broad segments of a dazzling scarlet colour, it is a
most effective flower, surpassing anything in flower in
April and May ; at the time this was especially much
admired,
Calochortus alius (Cyclobothra alba). — A lovely
bulbous plant, producing slender glaucous foliage
and terminal racemes of creamy-white flowers, the
edges of the perianth divisions prettily fringed, and
the inside lined with rich coloured hairs. This is a
gem from the Western States of North America, and
is more amenable to cultivation than many of its
congeners, doing right well with pot culture. May
to June.
C. palchellus (Cyclobothra pulchella). — A charm-
ing companion to the last, flowering perhaps a little
later, but it can be brought on quickly in the cold
frame or cool house, as when once started into
growth it will bear this. It grows from 9 to 12
inches high, with branching heads of deep golden-
yellow flowers, the inner divisions of the perianth
prettily fringed ; it lasts well, as it is a most distinct
and handsome gem, as showy as many of the choicest
Orchids and at a nominal price,
Chionodoxa Lucilia: — the Glory of the Snow : a
pretty name truly, but in my opinion no name is too
good for this gem ; many I know speak disparagingly
of it, but I am sure it will become a universal
favourite when the bulbs are fully developed and it
shall have made itself quite at home in the country.
The flowers are produced in racemes, of a rich sky-
blue and white in the centre ; collected bulbs varying
much in the intensity of the colour and the dis-
position. A hardy mountaineer, it will stand a sur-
prising amount of frost without injury, and is readily
forced. March and April.
Erythroniuin albidum (not E. dens-canis albidum).
— A very pretty Dog's-tooth Violet, with plain green
lanceolate leaves, and solitary flowers on stalks about
6 inches high, about an inch long, white, tinged at
the back with blueish-purple ; very free growing and
distinct. Flowering in April and May. Native of the
United States: very widely distributed.
E. grandiflorum.—K very charming species with
unmottled leaves in parts, oblong-lanceolate. Flowers
sometimes solitary, or more usually in racemes with
from two to six flowers, about g'or 12 inches high ;
flowers when expanded from 2 to 2^ inches across, of
a rich cream colour, yellow at the base, or faintly
streaked with purple. A very showy plant when
in flower, especially when there are several flowers
open on the same raceme ; some are spreading open,
while others are sharply revolute, very lasting, and
well worth cultivating largely. Native of the Western
States.
E. gigantcum, — This produces oblong, mottled
leaves ; flowers in racemes quite as large as, or larger
than those of the best species, white with yellow, and
deep orange at the base, the segments becoming
sharply reflexed. A very showy but scarce species,
flowering in April, but can be had in earlier. Native
of the Washington Territory.
E, piirpurasccus, — A very rare species, withbroadly-
oblong, undulated leaves, slightly mottled. Flowers
in racemes of from three to eight, about an inch or
rather more long, pale yellow, tinged with purple and
deep orange at the base. It is extremely pretty and
distinct, flowering with the last. Native of the
Sierra Nevada. The colour of imported bulbs varies.
Friiillaria armena. — A very charming little species,
closely related to our Chequered Fritillary, and
although of recent introduction it can be purchased
at a very cheap rate ; it grows from 6 to 9 inches
high, with pendulous flowers of a rich yellow colour,
expanding in April and May. Native of Asia Minor,
where it is very abundant ; it is very easily cultivated,
and will undoubtedly be a favourite with growers of
hardy bulbs.
F. Mc/eagris—ihe "Chequered Fritillary."— This
can be had now in very great variety, deep and light
purple, variously chequered, and quite white. All are
desirable, as they are very quaint and effective. The
variety alba is especially desirable for pot decoration.
E, pudica. — This is a lovely species from the
Western States of North America, with flattened
bulbs, producing slender stems, terminated with
bright golden flowers, extremely pretty, and last a
long time. My experience with this species leads me
to believe it does best with pot culture in light vege-
table sandy soil, as my bulbs thus grown this season
are very good, while those planted out are not so
fine.
F. recttrva, — A little gem, from the same region as
the last, sending up slender stems, supporting one or
more pendulous flowers about 1 4 inch long, bright
scarlet chequered with yellow, so strikingly different
from anything else I know of in the genus, and it
does happily when liberally treated in pots. Several
bulbs should be planted in each pot. Bulbophile.
{To he continued.')
CUERDEN HALL. LANCASHIRE.
This place dates back from an early period in the
history of the county, for m'&wcit^ History of Lan-
cashire we read that, ' ' Soon after the Conquest the
manor of Cuerden was given by Roger de Poicton
to Vivian Molineux, who followed him from Nor-
mandy. It afterwards descended to Henry de Kuer-
den, and in the reign of Henry III. was in possession
of the Banastre family. The manor was subsequently
possessed by the Charnock and Langton families,
and next descended to the Fleetwoods and Banisters,
and from the latter to the Parkers." This appears
to have been about the beginning of the eighteenth
or the end of the seventeenth century, in which family
it has continued down to the present owner, T. Town-
ley Townley Parker, Esq., who came into possession
on the death of his father a few years ago.
Cuerden is situated south of Preston — about 4 miles
distant, and is on the left of the high road from that
town to Wigan. The west approach is from this
road, where there is a lodge about half a mile away
from the mansion. During the few years the present
owner has been in possession much has been done to
improve the place, including the formation of a new
road through the park northwards, where it again joins
the Preston and Wigan road at some distance from
the village of Bamber Bridge. Flere is being built a
very handsome and substantial entrance of stone, in-
cluding a lodge and massive gateway, approaching
completion. Following this new road a good view
is obtained of the park (some 400 acres in extent) and
surrounding country, which from the undulating cha-
racter of the land and the natural fertility of the soil
is highly attractive. To name the nature of the soil
surrounding an old English mansion gives a clue to
the character of the timber, for Englishmen have
always been tree planters, and where the land is
good so will be the trees that clothe it. In this the
grounds at Cuerden are no exception, being well fur-
nished in all directions with handsome trees, medium
in size
Through the park, on the eastern side of the Hall,
runs a stream of water, the Lostock, to which the
ground has a considerable descent on both sides, and
which adds much to the general appearance. This
stream has recently been taken advantage of in the
formation of a sheet of water of enough extent to con-
tribute much to the collective effect, besides being
turned to account in pumping from a neighbouring
spring the large quantity of water required for use in
an establishment of this description, including the
garden, where an unstinted supply, without the in-
cessant work of pumping and carrying, is the greatest
boon and most effectual saving of labour. The over-
flow has been still further utilised in supplying an
artificial piece of water, taking a northern course from
near the mansion, with a river-like appearance.
The Hall is a large handsome building ; the greater
portion is of red brick, with sufficient ornamentation
in the construction ; extensive additions have been
completed within the last two or three years,
SEn'EMRER 22, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
363
part of which are of polished stone, forming col-
lectively a handsome pile. It contains a fine collec-
tion of pictures. The entrance is on the northern
side, fronting which there is an unusually large sweep
of gravel, which here, as elsewhere, when kept within
limits proportionate to the size of building and sur-
roundings, adds much to the efToct. Adjoining the
mansion on the south side is a conservatory, the roof
a series of five spans ; the plants are grouped in beds
on the floor, and have a natural and pretty edect ;
the back wall and roof are nicely draped with climb-
ing plants, consisting of Tacsonias, Passion-flowers,
Plumbago capensis, and Roses. Fronting this is a
long stretch of level lawn, beyond which is a deep,
well-sheltered hollow, which has been arranged as a
pinetum and American garden, and the sheltered
position seems to suit whatever is planted here, the
Coniferous trees especially thriving in a way that they
otherwise will not do in this part of the country, as will
be seen by the size that some of the best have reached
— Sequoia sempervirens, 43 feet ; ditto, 52 feet ;
Cedrus Deodara, 46 feet ; Thuiopsis borealis, 34 feet ;
Abies grandis, 33 feet ; ditto, 42 feet ; A. nobilis,
34 feet ; A, amabilis, 34 feet ; A. lasiocarpa, 23 feet ;
Cedrus atlantica, 32 feet ; Cryptomeria japonica,
46 feet ; Araucaria imbricata, 34 feet. These measure-
ments are small as compared with many in localities
better adapted to the growth of trees of this descrip-
tion, but enough is exemplified to show that where
the needful shelter is present, and the soil is fairly suit-
able, in this part of the country fair results can be
attained.
Extensive alterations have been effected in the
garden department by pulling down nearly all the old
plant and fruit houses, which were worn out, and by
erecting ranges of new ones in their stead, with excel-
lent fruit-room and Mushroom-houses, and convenient
ofiices requisite in the working of a large garden.
The work has been very well done, both as regards
the material and construction ; most of the paths are
laid with polished slate slabs — a material that is
durable and has a nice appearance. In all some six-
teen new plant and fruit houses have been built
within the last three years ; they are well heated and
ventilated, and in every way calculated to do the
work required ; they were erected by Messrs. Allen
& Co., of Holmes Chapel, Cheshire. Just outside
the old walled garden on the north side, and parallel
with it, one of the new ranges has been erected. The
houses are all span-roofed. The first is a mixed stove
and propagating-house, standing ends north and south,
filled with Gardenias and similar flowering stock,
along with fine-leaved plants of the usual decorative
character. Leading from this, but standing to the
opposite points of the compass, are two Pine-stoves,
occupied by a well-grown lot of plants, successions
and fruiters, some bearing ripe fruit, others coming
on. Of the former there were some good examples
of Queen, Black Prince, and others. In continuation
are four more medium-sized houses, used for forcing
pot Vines and growing Melons and Cucumbers, which
are well managed — the Melons coming on in succes-
sion, so as to give a lengthened supply. Celosia pyra-
midalis in one of these houses was well grown and
nicely flowered, in which condition it is a most useful
plant, alike acceptable for cutting as for general
decoration. The last house in this range, which is a
counterpart of the first, and, like it, stands with the
ends north and south, was mostly filled with speci-
men Fuchsias, medium-sized, nicely flowered plants,
useful for conservatory decoration.
The next range of new houses is just within the
walled garden already named, covering the entire
length of the wall except room for the doorway at each
end. Like the preceding range a span-roofed house
of good size, standing with the ends north and south,
occupies a position at each end. Beginning at the
western end there is a roomy stove devoted to the
usual heat-requiring plants, including Stephanotis,
Clerodendrons, Gardenias, Crotons, Dracaenas, Bego-
nias, Ferns, and Lycopodiums, with a few Orchids,
such as Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Dendrobiums, and
Calanthes, for winter flowering. As an encourage-
ment to those who are timid in using that cheapest
and most efficient of insecticides, paraffin, I may state
that Mr. Roberts uses it freely for the most trouble-
some kinds, such as mealy-bug and scale, syringing
the plants overhead with it as they stand, just as one
would do in the ordinary way with water. As a
matter of course it is sufficiently diluted with water
and kept thoroughly stirred up whilst the work is
going on, and some soft-soap is added, which helps
to keep the paraffin better mixed with the water.
The Cavendish Musa was fruiting here. Leading from
this stove we enter the first of six fruit houses against
the wall, and which is a curvilinear roofed lean-to
filled with Peaches and Nectarines — the earliest forced.
The internal arrangement is a trellis in front, not toi
high, to admit of the trees on the back wall continuing
to bear properly. The Peaches grown are confined
to the best flavoured varieties, with Lord Napier
Nectarine, which undoubtedly stands at the head,
taking all properties into account.
Then we come to fourhip-roofed vineries, the first
of which are brought in to succeed the pot Vines that are
forced for the earliest crop. There are some of the
old Vines here still remaining, over which the new
houses were built ; the remainder are young ones
planted by Mr. Roberts two years ago, and have done
well. Black Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling are the
principal kinds in this house. The next house con-
tains late varieties, Gros Colmar, Gros Guillaume,
Lady Downe's, Black Alicante, Alnwick Seedling,
and Muscat of Alexandria, two years planted, and
carrying some nice bunches. The adjoining division
is filled with Black Hamburgh, Buckland Sweetwater,
and Muscat Hamburgh, with a large Fig on the back
wall. The last of these hip- roofed houses is occupied
by late kinds, and Muscats, also planted two years,
and that have made good progress. The next is another
curvilinear-roofed lean-to, corresponding with that at
the opposite end, and used as the second Peach-house,
with a similar arrangement of the trees, the crop
of which is over. For the time they have been planted
they have made good progress. The end span-roofed
house is devoted to a miscellaneous collection of
plants, such as succeed under ordinary greenhouse
treatment. Enough roof climbers are here used to
give a furnished appearance without unduly shading
the plants beneath. For this purpose Acacias, Plum-
bago capensis, and Cheshunt Hybrid Rose are used.
The north end of this house is formed by the garden
wall, on which it abuts. This wall Mr. Roberts ash
very successfully clothed by covering it with moss,
held in its place by wire netting, similarly to the way
often adopted in a stove ; in this he has planted dif-
ferent kinds of Sedum, interspersed with Ferns, Eche-
verias, and other plants that will thrive in such a
position. So clothed it has a nice appearance.
Outside this garden, on the south side of the wall,
is a couple of old houses that have both been planted
with Peaches, which are carrying a nice crop. At a
short distance from this is an old-fashioned lean-to
greenhouse, in which Camellias are planted out, with
some on the back wall as well, thriving as these plants
usually do when they have liberty for their roots.
Roses are grown overhead, which give the shade
needful for the Camellias, and, being very strong and
of large size, they yield quantities of flowers. In front
of this house is a small flower garden, just enough to
give a bit of bright colour to lighten up the dark
foliage of the banks of big Rhododendrons, which
enclose it right and left to the back. The walls are
well stocked with trees, especially Pears, for which
Cuerden is celebrated, for in addition to the trained
trees there is an enclosed Pear orchard, many of the
trees in which have reached unusual size, the largest
being from 30 to 40 feet high, and it is remarkable
that this season, when Pears in most places are thin,
that most of them are bearing very heavy crops, the
branches literally hanging like ropes of fruit. The
principal sorts grown are Williams' Bon Chretien,
Dunmore, Seckle, Eyewood, Marie Louise, Suffolk
Thorn, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurre d'Amanlis,
White Doyenne," and Ilessle, Beurre Oris, Brown
Beurre, Napoleon, Broom Park, Winter Nelis, GIou
Morceau, Beurre Spence, Easter Beurre, Beurre Bosc,
Althorpe Crassanne, and Soldat Laboreur, which,
latter, grown on a west wall, is the heaviest cropper
here. These are not all carrying a crop this year. I
give the names as showing what sorts succeed, so as
to be worth growing in this locality, for Pear growing,
I believe, was a favourite hobby of the late Mr. Robert
Townley Parker. The fruit of most of the sorts
is small this year, as is the case in most places.
Apples are a good crop : King of the Pippins, Cox's
Orange Pippin, Lemon Pippin, Blenheim Orange,
Court of Wick, and a late-keeping Codlin, locally
known as Livesey's Scotch Bridgett are the best
bearers.
In the culinary vegetable department there is the
same evidence of Mr. Roberts' care and attention that
is apparent in other matters connected with the
garden, it being well done so as to insure a plentiful
supply throughout the year. T. B,
Jf0rcrgii C0rrcspiii)cirt(.
Geneva, — If there are two towns in Europe
wherein more than any other one would expect to
find well-ordered botanic gardens, those towns are
Paris and Geneva. The tourist fresh from Kew, from
Edinlnugh, Dublin, or Cambridge, with his mind
naturally dwelling on the achievements of the J ussieus,
the Mirbels, the De Candolles, the Brongniarts, the
Decaisnes, and others whom he has been accus-
tomed to venerate, will naturally feel a shock to find
what is, or ought to be, hallowed ground, in such
pitiable plight. Here, in Geneva, where the bust ol
the first De Candolle is not needed to recal the vast-
ness of the services he rendered, and which his
descendants continue to render to science— here in
Geneva, of all places in the world, the Botanic Garden
is about the meanest it has ever been our fate to visit,
and, as we should have supposed, utterly inadequate
to the requirements of modern botanical teaching.
This is no fault of its curator — far from it ; there are
evidences of intelligent zeal which go to show what
might be done even in this limited area (which looks
as if it were on the site of the old town ditch)
if sufficient funds were provided. But the whole
establishment, including the salary of the curator,
and the wages of the labourers is maintained upon
considerably less than ^500 a year. A public
thoroughfare runs along one side, with nothing but a
low wire fence to separate the garden from the road-
way. A similar wire serves to mark out the limita-
tions of a cafe chanfaiit, after the Champs Elysees
type — a cafe which, with its surroundings, has, to all
appearance, been filched at some time or another
from the garden. Scientific gardening — gardening of
any kind — is heart-breaking work under such circum-
stances, but M. Correvon is brave and zealous. He
does not waste his time in vain laments, but he endea-
vours, and with a large measure of success, to make
the best of things as they are. We hope, for very
shame, that the citizens of Geneva, who should be
jealous of the honour that botanists have conferred on
their city, will speedily provide an adequate garden
in a suitable situation, and not allow the powers
of their curator to be wasted, as they are at
present. We have no animus against the cafe;
we would endow it with the whole of the
present garden, on consideration that it were kept as
an open space. A town — even one like Geneva —
cannot have too many or too large open spaces, and
as for the cafe, I do but echo the universal lament
that such institutions ate, or seem to be, impossibili-
ties for decent folk in our large towns. But to
return to the botanic garden : there is the usual
"cede de bolaniqiie" arranged after the time-worn
model of the Jardin des Plantes ; there is a fine wall,
affording shelter for several remarkable plants ; there
is a small range of houses, dark, and inconvenient ;
there are some notable trees ; and there are, what we
specially came to see, some rockeries. These latter
are constructed with a view to utility rather than pic-
turesque elfect, and consist of eight long mounds,
running north and south, broad at the base, tapering
gradually to the top like a pit of Mangel Wurzels on
an English farm. The constituent stones are some
granitic, others calcareous, others silicious, and the
plants are arranged on them according to their
requirements. M. Correvon has discussed this sub-
ject, so that it is only necessary to say that the rock-
eries here afford ample corroboration of his statements,
and make it clear that M. Correvon writes from
experience. For some plants M. Correvon adopts
the plan of growing them under shelter of a project-
ing rock, so that they are completely protected from
wasting rain or undue exposure to the sun. Fortu-
nately there is a good water supply, and hence the
rich collection can be kept duly supplied with the
most essential element of their food. The collection,
as I have said, is large and varied, but this is not
the season to see it in perfection, nor, if it were so,
could I be expected to write a catalogue. The hardy
aquatic plants are grown in shallow oblong tanks
divided by stone partitions. The Anacharis is as
great a pest here as elsewhere, but that has not pre-
vented M. Correvon from getting together an excel-
lent representative collection, among which I noted
the curious Water Chestnut, Trapa natans. Perhaps,
however, the most remarkable thing about the garden
is the very large collection of seedling alpine plants.
These are grown in pots placed in frames shaded with
lath trellis-work, and their health and general con.
3^4
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883.
ditioD show that the town atmosphere is by no means
inimical to them when tempered by the assiduous
attentions which it is clear are bestowed upon them.
Among the more notable trees are a fine specimen of
Virgilia lutea,' two large examples, male and female
respectively, of Ginkgo biloba, and others planted by
A. P. De CandoUe. Against the lofty wall of which
we made mention Lagerstromia indica forms a large
bush. It flowers freely, and does not succumb to a
Geneva winter. Zyzyphus jujuba, Passiflora ccerulea,
Bridgesia spicata, Porliera hygrometrica, Thiadiantha
dubia, are in like case ; the latter indeed is a mauvaisc
lurhe, M, Correvon is also getting together a collec-
tion of species of Eucalyptus, and has the nucleus of
a good selection of succulents. Rambler.
genus is that the two-celled ovary with few ovules
becomes by abortion a i-celled, i-seeded, 4valved
capsule. W. B. H.
NEW SOUTH AMERICAN
PLANTS.
Carolo Spegazzini is the author of a pamphlet
placed in our hands entitled Plantiz Nova: Nonniill(s
A!nerica:AitstraHs[dtc?ts i.) When we state that twenty-
two full octavo pages are devoted to the Latin descrip-
tion of only ten plants, our readers will get some idea of
the terrible length of each description ; and, what is
worse, we fear that many of the plants to which new
names have been given are old acquaintances. This
little work emanates from the University of Buenos
Ayres, and is probably one of those productions that
serve to qualify for a degree. It is a pity that descrip-
tive work, in which the authors are so likely to
encumber literature with worse than useless matter,
is preferred to biological research — a practically limit-
less field. The plants described are Cleome titubans,
Hibiscus pulcherrimus, Magallana porrifolia. Poly-
gonum bonaerense, Hydrocotyle cryptocarpum,
Dionophyton argenteum, Benthamiella patago-
nica, Verbena carroo, V. patagonica, and
V. struthionum. The most interesting plant
is the Magallana porrifolia, which was long ago
imperfectly figured by Cavanilles. This ,is the only
old plant, or at least the only recognised old plant,
of the ten ; and if the author has correctly identified
it he deserves the thanks of botanists for this part of
his work at any rate. Magallana, as figured by
Cavanilles (Tc. PI., iv., t. 374) has the flowers of
a Tropseoluro with a very different, three-winged
fruit. Bentham and Hooker {Genera Piatitarum
i., p. 274) regarded it as a made-up figure from a
depauperate form of Tropseolum pentaphyllum and the
fruit of a totally different plant ; and this conclusion
is justified by the fact that the specimen represented
bears two expanded flowers, and from the axil of the
only leaf separating them an apparently fully deve-
loped fruit. However, Mr. Spegazzini states that
although his few specimens are destitute of fully
developed fruit, what he has fully agrees with
Cavanilles' description and figure. And
we have little doubt that he is right. It
appears that the ovary consists of three carpels,
each furnished with three wings on the back.
Usually two out of three abort in a very early stage,
and only one reaches maturity. This has three broad
wings on the back, while the ventral part bears the
rudiments of the abortive carpels. Cavanilles
seems to have very carelessly placed the fruit in an
impossible position with regard to the expanded
flowers. Spegazzini further states, what is true for
all the specimens that we have seen, that Tropajolum
pentaphyllum is not found in a higher latitude than
38°, and there only very rarely ; whereas Magallana is
from Port Desire, South Patagonia, in 48° S. lat.
Magallana would seem, therefore, to be a good and
very distinct genus. Benthamiella will be recognised
as a new generic name. The author dedicates to our
venerable botanist ** an apparently very distinct
genus of Solanaceie," and we hope it will prove so ;
for already two genera bearing the name Benthamia
have been proposed only to be reduced again, to say
nothing of a Benthamantha. In 182S Achille
Richard founded the first Benthamia for a Bourbon
Orchid, which has since been considered not generic-
ally different from Habenaria. Five years later, or
just fifty years ago, Lindley established a second
Benthamia on Wallich's Cornus capitata, and called
it Benthamia fragifera. This handsome shrub is still
met with in a few gardens in this country ; but
although very different at first sight, especially when
in fruit, from most species of Cornus, the authors of
the Genera Plantarwii have reduced it to that genus
again. Benthamiella patagonica is described as a
pretty, tufted cushion-like shrub of a peculiarly
Patagonian type. It is said to be allied to Cestrum,
and one of the principal technical characters of the
SLATE FENCES.
In the vicinity of slate quarries it is quite surprising
to the uninitiated the many uses to which slate is
applied ; and in no department are these more varied
than in forestry — gate-posts, fences, both useful and
by uniting the fence and also keeping the pales at
equal distances apart. Should, at any time, a pale
chance to get broken, it can easily be taken out and
replaced without in the least damaging or undoing the
fence. When properly erected this is a most useful,
and, I might almost add, everlasting, fence, equalling
any, and surpassing most of those now in general
use.
A rabbit-proof fence suitable for young plantations
can easily be made of the above by placing the pales
close to each other ; and at any future time, when it
Fig. 53.— slate fence.
ornamental ; tree labels, water-troughs, sheds, &c. ,
being made of this material. Of fences three different
sorts are usually erected, either solely of slate, or in
conjunction with wood or stone. In the following
note I purpose to give a short description of each
kind, with illustrations, and cost of erection.
For general plantation purposes, fig. 53 is that
usually adopted, the slabs, or pales as they are called
here, being of refuse slate, and of the following
dimensions :— Length 5 feet, breadth varying from
may be deemed advisable, every alternate pillar can
be removed without in the least damaging the remain-
ing part of the fence.
Including materials and erection a fence of the
above kind will cost loj. dd. per rood of 8 yards, the
pales costing 15J. per ton, or about T,d. each. These
prices may be considered about the average for pales
in the immediate vicinity of slate quarries, additional
cartage or carriage by rail increasing their value con-
siderably.
f^^-y^
Fig. 54.— fence of slate and wire.
4 to 6 inches, and about i inch in thickness ; but
being made of refuse slate the dimensions may vary
a little from those given.
In erecting the fence a trench is cut I foot in depth and
8 inches in width along the intended line of fence, care
being taken that one side is cut perfectly perpendicular,
so as to insure the pales standing in a similar position.
These are then placed upright in the trench, with
their flat side close to the perpendicular cut, and
about 3 inches apart, and the soil that was formerly
taken out is now replaced and rammed firmly. Adouble
fencing wire is then interlaced at 3 inches from the
tops of the pales, and given a double twist between
each, thereby insuring the greatest possible stability
Fig. 54 shows a remarkably neat and substantial fence,
more usually adopted as a division or farm fence than
for ordinary plantation purposes. It is of the follow-
ing construction, and generally erected where suffi-
cient stones cannot be conveniently procured to form
an entire wall. A wall is built 3 feet high, 24 inches
wide at the base, and tapering to 13 inches at the top,
into which pillars similar to those already described are
built at the distance of 7 feet apart, and projecting
2 feet above the cope-stone, which is laid in mortar.
Three holes, 7 inches apart and 3 inches from the top,
are drilled in each pale previous to building these in
the wall, through which wires pass from the straining
posts at each end. These straining posts are also of
September Z2, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
36s
slate, 7 feet in length, 6 inches in width, and from
2 to 3 inches in thickness, and drilled similar to the
pales, but with holes of suflicient size to allow \ inch
bolts passing through, one end of which is an eye, to
which the wires are joined, and the other a nut and
screw, by means of which the wires are strained to
the required tightness. The erecting of a fence of
this kind will cost Is. 6./. per rood, all materials being
placed along the line of fence and convenient for the
workmen.
For ornamental purposes, such as garden divisions,
or, in fact, any fence used contiguous to dwelling-
houses, fig. 56 will be found both neat and serviceable.
The cost of this fence, owing to the pales being more
carefully dressed and rounded on the top, is propor-
tionately higher than those already described. It is
constructed in the following manner : — A wooden
erection is first made by fixing posts in the ground
I foot in depth and 6 feet apart, the posts being 4 feet
in length, either square or triangular in shape, and
about 3 inches square, A rail z\ inches wide is next
nailed to the upright posts at 6 inches from the top,
to which the pales are attached by means of screw
nails. The pales are 2^ inches in width, by about
4 feet in length, 6 inches of which is sunk in the
ground in a manner similar to that described for
the first figure, and placed about 3 inches apart.
When properly erected this fence has a very neat
and tidy appearance, the wooden supports being
hardly visible from the side on which the pales are
placed. The cost of material for such a fence varies
a good deal, much depending on the size of the pales
and the manner in which they are dressed.
Fig. 55 represents a sl.ate gate-post, of which a great
variety are in use, differing according to the posi-
tions in which they are used. They are usually 8 feet
in length, 6 feet being squared to 9 inches by 4 inches,
and the remaining portion, which is inserted in the
ground, being left rough or unsquared. Most of our
gate-posts are of slate, and for strength, durability,
and neatness they are much in preference to wooden
ones. A, D, Webster, Penrhyn Castle, North Wales.
which honours only eight were eventually awarded, as
our report of last week showed. These were, to white
kidneys, lieauty of Eydon and Hughes' Prolific, both
handsome kinds, each bearing considerable resem-
blance to Woodstock Kidney, raised from Beauty of
Hebron x Myatt's Ashleaf, and of capital quality and
good croppers. These were raised by Mr. Hughes,
Kydon Hall, Northampton, who is also one of our
leading exhibitors and growers. Wtlford Park Seed-
~m^y^^
NEWER KINDS OF POTATOS.
The pressure of a long report of the International
Potato Exhibition just before going to press last week
prevented that full reference to the newer kinds of
Potatos introduced so largely to notice on that
occasion which their respective merits deserve.
Naturally, out of these most interest attached to the
seedling kinds — that is, varieties
not in commerce, but tested by
the Seedling Committee at Chis-
wick during the past summer.
Of these some thirty or more
kinds were sent for trial, but
it happened, unfortunately, that
owing to the pressure for space,
and the large number of kinds
sent also for the notice of the
Royal Horticultural Society's Fruit
Committee, some few had to sub-
mit to imperfect culture in poor
ground, and the result was not
satisfactory. Were raisers to be
a little more moderate in their
contributions, and instead of send-
ing a dozen sorts, not a few of
which are useless, but to send half
that number of really good kinds,
the result all round would be
much better. All those that found
space in good soil did remarkably
well, and those which were not
so well placed will doubtless re-
ceive better treatment next year. At the same time it is
but fair to Mr. Barron and his aids to state that all that
can be done to treat every raiser and his seedlings fairly
and justly is done, and only more space is needed to
enable the trials to be absolutely perfect. The Seed-
ling Committee of the International Potato Exhi-
bition visited the gardens twice, and on each
occasion, after selecting those kinds which seemed
to be most promising, had about a dozen of them
cooked and tasted, so that the important duty
of testing their table merits was carried out under the
most favourable conditions. Three marks were given
to the best croppers, and three to the best cookers,
and those kinds which secured the full number of
marks, and also obtained three marks on the show
able, became entitled to Certificates of Merit, of
Fig 55. SLATE POST.
ling, shown by Mr. Ross, of that place, runs very
much like International or Lapstone in appearance.
It is very smooth and handsome, and because of its
beauty secured the prize in the class, as well as a
Certificate. Its parentage is not given, but informa-
tion on that head should henceforth be made a con-
dition of exhibition for all seedling kinds. Of other
white kidneys that merit special notice are Recorder,
a long flat kind, handsome, of fine quality, and a heavy
cropper, and which, having a short top, is well suited
Fig. 56.— slate fence.
for small gardens. This is own brother to that fine
kidney, Cosmopolitan, and also to Midsummer
Kidney, also certificated this year, both at the
International Potato Show and also by the Fruit
Committee — Mr. Hughes' Beauty of Eydon
alone sharing with it these double honours.
Midsummer Kidney is specially worthy of notice as
being a first early kind, and, indeed, ripens even
earlier than the Ashleaf, whilst its handsome tubers
are larger and of excellent quality. It is from the
large American Success, by that capital pollen parent
Woodstock Kidney. Sanday's Seedling, which took
for Messrs. Pearson, of Chilwell, the 1st prize in the
class for white kinds sent out last winter, is a very
Lapstone-like variety ; the tubers handsome and
smooth, having after a day or two's exposure that
purple tinge which always betokens the Lapstone
race. This is said to be a seedling from the latter
kind crossed with Myatt's Ashleaf. Early King OfTa
is a long kind, that bears close resemblance to King
of Potatos, and is raised by Messrs. Myatt, of Evesham.
Lord Heaconsfield, shown by Mr. Ellington, of Mil-
denhall, is a large, handsome Snowflake-like kind,
and is much praised. Distinctness both in tubers as
well as in top is a great desideratum in new kinds.
Chancellor, the product of a cross between Advance
and Woodstock Kidney, is a fine late kind of first-rate
quality, and combines the best properties of those two
excellent sorts ; the tubers also resemble those of the
parents, and are very handsome. Alderman, first
brought into commerce last winter, is a broad, flat
kidney, a seedling from the American Rose. Kentish
Invicta bears a close resemblance to St, Patrick, and
is a large cropper ; and Snowdrop, still another Snow-
flake-like kind, proved to be at Chiswick a fine cropper
and of fair quality. It will be seen from this that of
while kidney varieties newly in commerce or just
coming in there is no lack, and that there are some
very notable kinds in the list.
Themostnoticeableof all coloured kidneysofthe year
is Edgecote Purple, to which the prize and a Certifi-
cate of Merit in its class was awarded. This is a long
flatti-sh straight tuber, remarkably handsome and fine,
and of a deep purple colour externally. It is a natural
seedling from Edgcote Seedling, which is supposed to
have been crossed with Purple Ashleaf by insects. It
seems to be a great cropper and of excellent quality.
It was grown at Chiswick, but no fair test of its merits
could be obtained. Another newly certificated
coloured kidney is Cardinal, a handsome broad flat
tuber of a bright red colour, and awarded at Chiswick
the full number of marks, both for cropping and
quality. This is an American Rose product from a
cross with Dean's Bountiful, and is not only very
handsome in its class, but is a wonderful cropper. A
pretty red kidney from Mr. Fenn, marked No. 4, was
grown at Chiswick, and obtained the full number of
marks for cropping and table quality, but it did not
appear on the show table. Rose Queen, from Mr.
Hughes, bore a close resemblance to Prizetaker, but
was perhaps a shade redder. It seems to be a capital
cropper. Wiltshire Giant is a fine long roundish red
kidney, raised by Mr. Lye ; and Red Lion, already in
commerce, bears considerable resemblance to the
American Superior.
Very few positively new white rounds are found in
that section, indeed the only one that secured a Cer-
tificate this year was Prime Minister, a seedling from
Magnum Bunum x Woodstock
Kidney, large, flattish, oval round,
netted skin, and yet handsome, a
great cropper, and of fine quality ;
indeed this kind combines, to
some extent, the qualities of Mag-
num Bonum, Victoria, and Regent,
Sunrise, a product of Beauty of
Hebron x Woodstock Kidney, is
a first early largish round, a great
cropper, and of beautiful quality.
This variety in all probability
will make a fine addition to
our early garden kinds. Lord
Mayor, a variety yet to be put
into commerce, is a fine flat-
,^ tish round, from American Rose x
Early Market ; and of kinds newly
introduced, Standwell, a seedling
from the Vicar of Laleham, may
be said to be a white form of that
fine variety, standing long after
all other kinds have lost their
leafage, and keeping well ; also
Early Regent and Lady Truscott,
two of Mr. Fenn's best kinds, both rather long,
flattish, and somewhat of the Snowflake form, and
of fine quality. First and Best, a very handsome
round, too much like Porter's Excelsior, is one of
the most noteworthy of newer kinds recently put into
commerce.
Coloured rounds is an even more limited class,
for here again only one certificate has been awarded,
viz., to The Dean, raised at Bedfont, and which
Mr. Dean claims to be a greatly improved Vicar
of Laleham, from which it is a seedling, both
in colour and in table quality. Mr. Lye has in
Purple King a large cropping pale purple round,
and Mr. Fenn in Alderman De Keyser a longish red
round of great promise. The Belle, a new American
kind, bears a marked resemblance to Queen of the
366
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883,
Valley. It is most probable that the larger portion of
the new kinds mentioned will be put into commerce
during the coming winter, and therefore their merits
will soon be much more largely tested than they have
hitherto been.
FOJf^ESTI^Y.
Fluctuations in Forestry. — That *'Time
changes men and things " is a common but true adage,
and it is equally true that there is nothing new under
the sun. In a general way all things are as they have
been or probably ever will be, so long as tide and time
keep flowing, but in the particular both men and
things are constantly undergoing changes neither
slight nor unimportant. About the beginning of the
present century machinery began to develope at a rapid
rate, and some of the more thoughtful, wise, and far-
seeing proprietors, by way of anticipating increased
demand and high prices for certain kinds of wood,
planted such very extensively. On some extensive
estates known to the writer Beech was planted almost
to the exclusion of all other trees with the view of
supplying it for the making of machinery. Machinery
and mechanical powers of all kinds have within the
last fifty years or so developed in a way probably far
beyond what the most sanguine ever anticipated ; but
while that is the case it by no means follows as a con-
sequence that the demand and high prices of Beech-
wood have kept pace, or have even been maintained.
One of the factors in the calculation had inadvertently
been omitted, and therefore the results have natur-
ally fallen short of what was anticipated. Iron was
at that time both inferior in quality, scarce, and dear,
and besides it was not then thought that it could be
used for the many purposes it is now applied to, yet
even iron itself is now made almost as plastic in the
hands of the engineer and mechanic as wood itself
was in former years.
It was only the other day that we saw in an ex-
tensive machine factory a tradesman paring and shaving
a piece of cast metal as deftly as if it had been a piece
of Beech or Sycamore, and not only was he. planing
it like a piece of wood, but in order to show us its
strength (though only about \ inch thick), he took a
hammer and subjected the plate to what we considered
a very severe test, by striking it as if it had been a
piece of malleable iron or steel. It was explained,
however, that the plate in question was a composite
metal, made from five or six others of different
proportions all fused, combined, and tempered in a
peculiar way, and was moreover of American manu-
facture, and tempered with wood charcoal. Oak also,
in anticipation of increasing demand and high prices,
was on some estates at one time planted as the prin-
cipal tree, and looked forward to as a certain and re-
liable source from whence to derive an important
revenue. It is scarcely necessary to say that in con-
sequence of the adoption of iron and other metals in
the construction of ships of every build, Oak has rather
receded than advanced in price, and at the present
day there is still a downward tendency. Oak bark,
too, at sundry times, and especially during what is
known as the ** French war," sold in Scotland at
about the same price as oatmeal, weight for weight,
which would probably be about £7.'^ per ton, while at
the present time it is selling at only about one-fourth
of that price.
Of the Larch tl e same statements may be given as of
the OaV, for the Duke of Athole about the year 1800
did no small part of his Larch planting under the
assumption of receiving 3.r. per foot for his Larch
timber, having sold as many trees as built several
large vessels at 3^-. per foot : one tree in particular
realised ;i/^25 5^. For the same description of timber
at the present day, less than one-half is obtained or
perhaps one-third is nearer the current price.
For many years, and till recently, the demand for
burnwood for drying and colouring fish was so great
that along the coast of Banffshire prices quite fabulous
were often given at auction sales, iSj-,, 2oj'., and as
high as ^"yS'i was given for lots of about a ton weight.
Probably not one load is now used for three, five, or
six used years ago, and the price has in consequence
fallen at least one-fourth.
The enormous consumption of wood for railway pur-
poses, which is believed to be equal to, if not in excess
of the whole of our home growth, would of itself
evidently be sufficient to maintain a high price and
ready market for all our home produce ; and this, no
doubt, would be the case, but for certain counteract-
ing influences, such as foreign supplies, which in the
mean tine (whatever may be the result in the future) are
sufficient to keep down the price of home-grown wood.
Next to the requirements of railways, housebuilding and
mining purposes, fencing in this country at the present
time is probably the next greatest, and it is difficult to
see where and when the consumption and demand for
fencing wood will cease, or even abate. As this
department, however, requires small wood rather than
large timber, there is every probability of the supply
continuing for many years at least equal to the
demand. The country at the present day (speak-
ing generally) abounds with small wood, generally
known by the terms sparwood and propwood. There
are several plain reasons why there is such super-
abundance of small wood and such a scarcity of mature,
large, well-grown timber on almost every estate in
Scotland, if not also over the whole of Great Britain ;
and it is principally to show how this is brought about,
what the evil consequences of it are, that this paper
is written ; but in order to do anything like justice
to so important a subject, it would appear advisable
to take it up on another occasion.
So long as mining operations were specially active
and remunerative, the consumption of small wood in
that department was very considerable, and prices so
comparatively high as to encourage woodland pro-
prietors to grow and supply the market. Important
changes here, however, as in other departments, have
taken place, and now the demand is not only less than
the supply, but the price given for pit-props is so very
low as barely to cover the expenses of labour and
transit. What ought now to be aimed at in forest
operations is to grow good, sound, mature limber of a
size suitable for farm buildings and the houses required
upon an estate.
Timber, next to stones and sand, is the least port-
able material used in a building, and costs in carriage
a large percentage. Every extensive estate should
evidently grow timber sufficient for its own use, and
there appears no good reason why it should not do so.
Our own native Highland Pine (Pinus silvestris), as
has been proved beyond dispute, is more durable in
buildings than the wood of any other country or clime,
and for outdoor purposes, such as gates, fence-posts,
and such-like, is almost as durable as some stone,
and certainly in districts near the sea much more so
than iron ; Larch timber also, if well-grown in proper
situations, will last, whether for indoor or outdoor
purposes, an ordinary lifetime.
The Spanish Chestnut is well known to have
remained sound in some old buildings for at least 500
years. Oak, Gean, Silver Fir, Norway Spruce, and
some species of Tree Willow, are severally of suffi-
cient quality if properly grown and well matured and
seasoned to warrant their introduction into our best
buildings ; and, therefore, instead of so much money
being spent, or, rather, wasted, and labour bestowed
in growing small wood, which scarcely, as already
said, pays the expense of labour and carriage, our
efforts should be directed to grow timber, and thereby
increase an important industry and promote our
national wealth. C K Michic, Cullcn House, Banff-
shire, SeJ>t. 10.
|)rcl|id j|oti;j5 and llcairiirDS.
Work in the Houses. — The advice given in the
last Calendar to put the cool Orchids in good order
to pass safely through the winter will now, to some
extent, be applicable to the East Indian section.
There is no more favourable season than the end of
the present month or the beginning of the next for
lowering any of the Aerides or Vandas that may have
lost their lower leaves, and have got a little unsightly
in consequence. In all cases where the stems of the
plants are severed a few young healthy roots should
be established on the upper parts of the severed stem
to assist in establishing the plants again quickly.
Give perfect drainage to all plants treated as recom-
mended above, and use a good proportion of crocks
in the sphagnum moss when filling in round the roots
and up the stems of the plants. After being
potted these plants should be placed in a moist
corner of the house for a week or two,
and a slight dewing over with the syringe
will be beneficial to them on fine days. It
will be advisable to examine the whole of the
Aerides at this season, as, after the constant watering
necessary during the growing season, the sphagnum
will in many cases be found rotten and compressed,
and in an unfit state for the roots to pass through the
winter with safety in it. In doing these up for the
winter, a more liberal use of crocks and charcoal
should be made when filling in around the plants, as
these will prevent the moss from getting too compact
during the winter season. During the disturbance
and upset of the plants in the house, the occasion
should be taken to give the structure a thorough
cleansing, washing all the woodwork and cleaning
the glass thoroughly, to admit all the light possible
during the winter season ; and in old houses, where
insects are generally abundant, their haunts should
be flooded with scalding water. With the introduc-
tion of fresh sphagnum a sharp look - out must
be kept for snails, especially in the cool-house,
or they will soon do irreparable mischief among the
young spikes now showing. The ripening of the
growths on many species will now require close atten-
tion. Schomburgkias that have completed their
growths should be planted in an intermediate tempera-
ture on a light elevated shelf, where they will be
benefited by the slight sunshine that the autumn
months usually give us. The earliest plants of
Ccelogyne cristata and Lycaste Skinneri will be com-
pleting their growths, and should be treated to full
light and a slightly reduced supply of water at the
root. Later plants of these must be encouraged,
with a little extra warmth, to complete their growths
before the days decline more rapidly. Cymbidiums
will require less water than hitherto, so as to gradu-
ally bring them to a state of rest. Cattleya Triante,
C. chocoensis, C. Dominiana, and others completing
their growths will require very little moisture at the
root. Sobralias and similar plants in a state of
growth must be afforded the lightest positions in the
houses during the winter. J. Roberts,
Cattleya aurea. Linden, IlUtstration Horticole,
t' 493. — Introduced by M. Linden, fiom Colombia,
in 1S72. Flowers large, segments spreading, pale
yellow ; lip very large, its central lobe carmine-
crimson, with a network of golden veins. The
principles of culture laid down are — as much light as
possible during the resting stage, moist heat and
abundance of water during the growing stage ; and,
remembering that the plants are epiphytes, to grow
them on fibrous peat perfectly well drained.
Orchids in Bloom at Mount Merrion,
Dublin. — This is one of the fine places within the
vicinity of Dublin that any of the readers of the
Gardeners Chronicle^ having time and taste, would be
amply repaid by visiting. It belongs to the Earl of
Pembroke, but as his lordship seldom visits his ex-
tensive property here it is managed almost exclusively
by Mr. Vernon, of the Land Commission, and
admirable everything seems, from a gardening point
of view. One entrance is from a finely wooded
avenue near Blackrock, upwards of an English mile
long, from the highest point of which can be had
magnificent views of Dublin Bay and Kingston, not
to be had elsewhere. Our party was courteously
received and shown over the numerous houses and
grounds by Mr. Duncan Welsh, head gardener. I
do not intend to do more than refer to the large
collection of Phloxes and other herbaceous plants at
the entrance ; the wall fruit trees seemed fairly
stocked, with the exception of Pears, which, as else-
where, seemed below the average ; while Apples
seemed above that. Stove and greenhouse plants.
Ferns, &c., were healthy and very select. What a
striking object at this time is the bright purple berries
of Callicarpa rosea ! Mr, Welsh prefers growing it
in the stove and with a moist atmosphere. As I
should have no hope of your giving me space for a
general review of all we noticed, as the collection of
Orchids in the several houses is very select, I may be
permitted to copy my notes of those I found in
flower when there, a week since. Odontoglossums
were in different houses, as their treatment required a
cool or high temperature. There were three
varieties of O. crJspum in bloom, and two of O.
grande, but neither could compare with O. bictonense
splendens in 5-inch pots, surfaced with living
sphagnum, and 6 inches across. There were some
rather uncommon Epidendrums, including E.prismato-
carpum, E. variegatum, E. verrucosum, and the
older E. vitellinum majus, all well grown and bloomed,
September 32, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
367
though not large specimens ; the last seemed the
sweetest scented. A few of the Oncidiums were
blooming, amongst the rest O. divaricatum, O. leuco-
chilum, and O. incurvum. Ca-logynes were repre-
sented by C. cristata Lemoniana, and C. variegata,
Miltonia Morelliana, a very fine specimen. Masde-
vallia Veitchiana seems ever in bloom, but hardly as
fine as its hybrid friend, M. Chelsoni. A few of the
Cattleyas were showing their brilliant tints, among
the rest a fine C. bicolor, C. Mendelli, and some
promising hybrids of Mr. Dominy ; Lalia Dayana,
the too seldom seen Mesospinidium vulcanicum — very
effective, with all the newer hybrid Nepenthes,
Cypripediums, &c. However, Mount Merrion is
particularly distinguished for Darlinglonias, having a
whole house for themselves. Many h.ad thirty pitchers,
from 6 inches to 3 feet high, with lovely shades of
crimson, white, and green. W. J. Murphy, Chniiiel.
Vanda LOWEI. — There are now flowering in the
Victoria Nurseries, at Holloway, two plants of this
remarkable Orchid ; one has two spikes, the other
one ; the smaller plant is a very fine variety, and is
preferable to the old form. There are .ilso several
other interesting things in bloom, among which may
be mentioned Warscewiczella Wendlandi and Epiden-
drum Wallisi.
Pelargonium Indian Yellow. — This being a
very free-growing, profuse flowering, and effective
bedding Pelargonium, the wonder is that it is not
more widely known and grown than it appears to be,
judging from the fact that we seldom meet with it in
our rambles. This is all the more remarkable, seeing
that, in addition to the good points above indicated,
the colour — a yellow-scarlet — is strikingly distinct
from any other bedding Pelargonium that we are ac-
quainted with. In habit of growth and form of leaf
Indian Yellow, which I believe was raised by the late
Donald Beaton, very much resembles Vesuvius, but
far surpassing it in profusion and size of flower. Beds
of it just now are greatly admired, as they have been
for week's past — the large masses of subdued scarlet
being very telling when contrasted with those of
bright scarlet (Tom Thumb), pink, S:c. There-
fore it is with the object of extending its culture
— or, more correctly speaking, with a view to
raising such an excellent bedding Pelargonium from
comparative obscurity — that these notes are penned,
H. W. Ward.
Calceolaria amplexicaulis. ■ — This is one of
those good old plants that is not so extensively cul-
tivated and consequently not so frequently met with
in the flower garden as it deserves to be. Yellow —
not that objectionable glaring colour so frequently
associated with the inmates of the flower garden, but
a soft yellow — being indispensable in an agreeable
floral display in the garden during the summer and
autumn, the plant under notice is the one par ex-
ctUsiue for supplying that colour. Moreover, it is a
good and sure grower, and the shoots, pliable to peg
down, flower well ; the character of the plant in
general being such as not fo cause any apprehension
regarding blanks occurring in the beds, through the
plants (as is the case with other varieties) dying
through some cause not yet satisfactorily explained.
Cuttings taken off the end of this, or beginning of
next month, and inserted, 3 or 4 inches apart, in a
cold frame, placed in a south aspect, watered, and
shaded from bright sunshine, will root in a few weeks.
Prevous to the cuttings being put in a couple of inches
of short dung should be placed in the bottom (which
should be hard) of the frame ; then a like complement
of soil and loam, and, lastly, a surfacing of sand,
which, as the cuttings are being inserted, will be
worked in around them. When they have taken to
the soil the sashes should be drawn off" on every
favourable opportunity, to prevent the plants being
drawn, putting them on again at night, and covering
with mats and Fern in the event of frost setting
in. W.
LenELiA pumila magnifica. — This is one of the
best dark blue Lobelias in cultivation, and has been
very much admired this season on account of its even
habit, profusion and colour of flowers. Plants of it
taken up now and potted in 4S's in light soil, stood
in a pit or frame, watered and shaded from bright
sunshine for a few days, will soon take to the soil,
the roots and tops being trimmed alike before being
potted. These plants should be wintered the same as
Pelargoniums, and by putting them into heat in spring
will then supply plenty of cuttings for propagating.
H. W. W.
iBrapea an6 Uineries.
Vines. — The earliest vinery will now have lost
most of the foliage ; but where it is still green it is a
good plan to shorten them back— say half prune them
—to let in all the light and air possible, to plump up
the buds. Leave the front and back ventilators open
night and day, and water the border inside with clear
cold water when dry. Houses in which rii)e fruit is
hanging must be kept cool and dry, and have plenty
of air on the front and back ventilators when the ex-
ternal atmosphere is bright and dry, but on dull or
foggy days do not give much air, and that on the
back ventilators only. Late Hamburghs will now be
ripe, and will not require much more fire-heat after
this time, and only on dull or wet days, to dispel the
damp. If the inside border is dry, water with clear
tepid water, choosing a bright day, so that the extra
surface moisture can dry up before evening. If the
fruit is required to be kept as late as possible, covet
the outside border with shutters, to throw ofl' the
autumn rains. All Muscats should now be ripe, for
if they are later they never keep so well, and the tem-
perature can be steadily reduced, and rather more air
given on bright dry days ; but they will not require
so much air as the other late-keeping varieties, for if
they are exposed to cold draughts the berries will
turn brown, and not keep so well. To keep the
berries plump give the border sufficient water of the
same temperature as the house. If any Muscats are
late, and not finished, keep the house as advised in
my last Calendar until they are ripe. All late varieties
of Grapes for keeping through the winter should now
be ripe, and can have the temperature steadily
lowered ; and if the iniide border is dry, water with
clear tepid water of the same temperature as the
house, and cover the outside borders with shutters if
the autumn rainfall is excessive ; for if the outside
border is wet now it will be suflScient for the Grapes
until they are cut. If the border is dry it would
be better to water it with tepid water, and then
place on the shutters. Give air on the front and back
ventilators on all favourable occasions, and use a
little fire-heat on dull days to dry up the damp. Any
other varieties of late-keeping Grapes that are not yet
ripe must be kept as advised in my last Calendar.
Young Vines from which the fruit is cut, if extra
strong in growth, will be better with a little fire-heat
in the daytime until the wood is well ripened, with
plenty of air on the front and back ventilators ; and
when the border is dry, water with clear water.
Early pot Vines for fruiting next year that are placed
outside must not be allowed to get dry at the roots,
and should be tied so that the winds cannot damage
them. Planting canes can be placed outside, as the
frost will not hurt them if the pots are buried in
Cocoa-nut fibre, or sunk in the soil. Joshua Atkins,
|h \^\h |il"it |aJ'^^"'
We have just experienced a fortnight of delightful,
bright autumn weather, which has greatly assisted
the ripening of late fruits, and effected, to a great
extent, a well-ripened condition of the wood where
exposed. Peach trees, from which the crops are
cleared, should be syringed during dry and warm
weather, to keep the foliage clean and free from
insects. Continue to pinch closely any newly made
growth on all fruit trees.
Trees that have made a too vigorous growth can
now have their roots operated upon, and so check it,
so that fruit-beating wood may be secured. A trench
should be taken out at a distance from the stem of the
tree — the distance to be determined upon according
to the sizeof it— sufficiently deep as to cut through all
spreading mots ; then remove the surface soil, and
gradually but carefully fork away the soil from
between the toots, so as to ascertain the where-
abouts of any that have taken a downward course :
these should be severed quite close to the tree.
It is these that ate genetally the immediate cause
of the evils to be remedied. The horizontal roots
and those near the surface must be carefully preserved,
and will requite simply a clean cut with the knife
where the spade severed them in taking out the trench.
The extent to which a tree must be root-pruned
depends upon the vigour of the tree and the quality
of the roots ; an excessive pruning may cause a
general decline, or require several years to recover
from the effects. In practice it will be found that a
tree may be made productive, by simply lifting and
replanting. The operation should be performed ex-
peditiously, the soil replaced and made firm. The
earlier in the season it is done, the better chance the
trees have of making new roots before the winter sets
in, and consequently there will be less risk to the crop
the following season.
Grub up old trees where it is intended to plant new
ones. I prefer planting young trees to grafting on old
stools, especially now fine healthy bearing trees can
be secured from any nurseryman at a moderate price.
Trench and prepare ground for new plantations by
draining, manuring, and the addition of soil, if the
natural soil is unsuitable for the growth of fruit trees.
A good heap of soil should be prepared in readiness
for use when planting. It is desirable to despatch
the order for fruit trees early to insure the best, as
naturally the worst if any are left till the last.
Make gatherings of Apples and Pears as they
become fit, but do not remove any from the tree too
soon, otherwise they will shrivel. By gathering
Pears a few at a time of each kind, the season of each
will be much extended ; we have had Williams' Bon
Chretien in use for more than a month, and some
are on the trees still. Beurrti d'Amanlis, and Louise
Bonne of Jersey we have ripe, but the majority of the
crops are still on the trees, and will be gathered at
several times ; we have also made a first gathering of
Muirfowl Egg, Marie Louise, and Beurre Diel,
The above varieties carry us on through the next two
months. The past fine weather has done much
towatds swelling the ftuit and colouting it.
The fine season has made the wasps veiy trouble-
some, and it will be found necessary to bag and net
up late Peaches, Plums, and Cherries, to save them.
Remove the nets from ftuit trees immediately the crops
are cleared, and any netting still left out on quarters
or walls not required, should be taken indoors the
first opportunity of getting them dry. Filberts and
Cob nuts should now be gathered, and Walnuts
at the end of the month.
The spell of dry weather has afforded a capital
opportunity for the weeding of fruit quarters and
borders, which will now remain clean for the winter,
D. C. Poit'ell, Fmvderham Castle.
The Peach Curl.— Dr. B. D. Halstead, of
New York city, who is especially skilled in that
branch of science which includes the injurious fungi,
has forwarded us a letter, from which we quote : —
"This injurious deformity of the Peach leaves has
been ascribed to plant lice and other insects, but is
now known to be caused by a minute fungus known
to science as Taphrina deformans. This minute
parasitic plant makes its appearance in early spring,
and causes the foliage, as stated in your bulletin, to
twist and curl out of natural shape. The fungus is
not distantly related to, or causing the black-knot
of the Plum and Cherry trees, and the same remedy
is the only one used, as far as I know. Remove all
the affected parts so soon as they appeat, and burn
them. It is best to cut off the young twigs bearing
the ' curled ' leaves, and this can be done quite
rapidly. Be sure and burn all parts removed, to pre-
vent the ripening of spores in the infested leaves."
The progress of a fungus disorder is extremely insi-
dious. If the spores are allowed to ripen there is a
liability of rapid and extended dissemination, which
at times appears mysterious in its character. The
only safety, therefore, in dealing with fungi is in the
removal, but equally as important the absolute
destruction, as by burning, of the portions removed.
Carelessness in the destruction will make of no avail
the benefits following removal. Neglect on this
score is responsible for many a failure in attempts at
growing Plums, the black-knot being cut away as fast
as it appears, but the labour being lost and disap-
pointment ensuing through neglecting the gathering
together of the diseased portions, and destroying
them. Although a fungus is a parasitic life it is as
well a vegetable life, and hence we can hardly expect
its destruction through poisons without destroying
the tissue within which it forms its nidus. Vigorous
growth will, however, often protect a tree from
destruction by a fungus with which it is infested.
But this, however beneficial, cannot be depended
upon as an absolute remedy. Weakened trees, and
unthrifty trees, are especially subject to fungus injury,
and as well show the effects of the injury sooner than
would a more vigorous tree. Hence tlirifly growth,
in conjunction with the early removal of diseased
parts, becomes the remedy from which, if there is no
neglect, good results can be anticipated. E. Lewis
Sturlevant, Director of the Nnu York Agricultural
Experiment Station.
368
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[SePTEMHER 22, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Sept.
'A
Tuesday, Sept. 25
Wednesday. Sept. a6
Thursday, Sept. 27
Sept. 28
Saturday, Sept. 2j
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Ferns and Roses at Sims' Nursery,
Foot's Cray, by Protheroe & Morris.
Sale of Building Land at Stratford, by Pro-
^ theroe & Morris.
Sale of Winter-blooming Plants at Wood-
rofie's Nursery, Harrow Road, by Pro-
theroe & Morris.
Sale of Nursery Stock at the Royal Norfolk
Nurseries, Norwich, by Protheroe &
Murris (two days).
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Exhibition Plants at Feed's N ursery,
Strcatham, by Protheroe & Morris
Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
Sale of Nursery Stock at the Royal Norfolk
Nurseries, Norwich, by Protheroe &
Morris.
Sale ol Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Great Sale of Lasiia elegans, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Nursery Stock at Herbert's Nur-
sery, Strcatham.
Sale of Scientific Instruments and Miscel-
laneous Property, at Stevens' Rooms.
Fungus Foray in Epping Forest.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
WE are glad to be enabled to publish the
following official circular relating to the
National Apple Congress, to be held at
Chiswick from October 4th to i8th next. It
will be seen that the main object of the " Con-
gress" is to secure as perfect a display of
Apples as possible, with a view to the identi-
fication of sorts and to the adjustment of
sjnonyms. So far good, but the word " Con-
gress" implies something more than a mere
display of Apples, and we trust that some
arrangements will be made for utilising the
great display that will doubtless be made. If
not, we fear the benefit that will accrue will
be small, and that the opportunity may be, to a
large extent, wasted. To carry out the spirit
of the programme the exhibition should include
specimens of the wood, buds, and foliage of the
various kinds exhibited, as well as of the stocks
employed, together with illustrations of the
methods of pruning, training, grafting, &c., best
suited to particular circumstances.
Exhibitions of samples best suited for parti-
cular localities and for special purposes, as
for kitchen use, for dessert, ior orchards on a
large scale and for market purposes, as well as
for smaller fruit gardens, and particularly for
cottagers, should be arranged. It is especially
desirable that exhibitors should specify, as far
as possible, which varieties are the best for
packing, and those which best bear the inevitable
vicissitudes of travelling. It is, moreover, a
matter of great importance to record those
varieties which are latest in their period of
blossoming, and which may therefore be relied
on to escape injury from late frosts. From
this point of view the question of stocks
becomes one of great interest, for it is
certain that the "habit" and fertility of the
Apple are greatly influenced by the character
of the stock.
The Apple crop, when we get one, is so
important commercially and economically that
every means should be taken to classify
and arrange the specimens for the purposes
we have indicated. If no arrangement of
this nature is made, and the exhibition
is limited to the display of so many hundreds
of dishes of Apples without method or order,
the result will be trifling compared with what
might and ought to be attained, and the
benefit to all but a very few will be
of the slightest, while even the few experts
would be thankful for some scheme or method
of arrangement which will enable them to profit
by what they see with the greatest facility and
the least loss of time. It is possible that these
requirements have been foreseen and provided
for, but there is no definite indication given in
the circular as to any scheme of arrangement.
It may be that the limited time at the disposal
of the committee will prevent any elaborate
scheme of this kind being carried out. This
may weU be, for we see that only one clear day
is allotted between the final period for the
reception of specimens and their display.
If this is so, then the only thing that can bedone
— and, at all events, and in any case, we earnestly
trust it will be done — is to commission a small
body of experts to make a thorough examina-
tion of the specimens exhibited with a view to
the publication hereafter of a properly digested
and well arranged report, conveying the kind of
information which we have hinted at, supple-
mented by anything else that may be desirable.
It is true that the horticultural Press may be
trusted to give reports of the exhibition, but
those reports must be prepared in haste, and
must, owing to the exigencies of journalism, be
of a more or less superficial and incomplete
character.
The Royal Horticultural Society deserves
credit for afl^ording every facility for carrying
out the exhibition, but that is not all that is
expected of a body which represents the horti-
culture of the country. A mere exhibition is
no more useful than would be the scattering
on a table of the letters of the alphabet, or the
pieces of a child's puzzle. To turn the valuable
ore to account the smelter, the forger, the
machinist, are required. In this case the
growers and exhibitors will contribute the raw
material of their abundance — it is for the Fruit
Committee, or some other competent body, to
turn it into account ; and if they do not, as we
have said, a fine opportunity will be wasted.'
Although called a " Congress," we see no
provision made for any general meeting or
meetings for discussion on the part of those
competent and interested, but such a meeting
might well be held towards the close of the
exhibition, when a general summary of results
might be given.
The following is the text of the circular
above alluded to : —
•* At a meeting of fruit growers, held at South Ken-
sington, in conjunction with the Fruit Committee of
the Royal Horticultural Society, on September 11, it
was decided to hold a conference on Apples in the great
conservatory of the Society at Chiswick from October 4
to 18 next.
" The unusually abundant crop of this year affords a
favourable opportunity for examining the numerous
varieties cultivated throughout the country ; to correct
their nomenclature, and to compare their merits. For
this purpose the Council of the Royal Horticultural
Society have given the use of their great conservatory,
and the collection of Apples grown in the garden, which
contains many typical varieties, will be available for
comparison.
"This Conference will not take the form of an ordi-
nary exhibition, as there will be no competition and no
prizes, the sole object being to seize so favourable an
opportunity of gaining information, and making the
meeting instructive and educational.
" All fruit growers are invited to send, and the more
widely the collections are procured the greater will be the
interest the exhibition will create. It is very desirable,
therefore, that every collection should be accompanied
with as much information as can be furnished with regard
to soil, exposure, and physical conditions of the districts
from which they are gathered. No limit will be put upon
the number which any one may see fit to send, and it is
not at all necessary that they should be the product of
his own grounds. The committee desire that an effort
be made to prociure representatives of all the varieties
that are grown in the various districts, and that all
should be distinctly labelled with the 7ia7tie or 7iames
tinder which they may be knoivn in their respective
localities.
" As the specimens sent are strictly for examination,
they must necessarily be at the disposal of the committee
where required.
"All packages addressed to the Secretary must be
delivered on or before October 3. Exhibitors staging
their own fruit may do so on the 3d or morning of the
4th, to be ready for the inspection oi the committee.
Notice of intention to exhibit must be given to Mr,
Barron, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick, not
later than September 29, stating the number of varieties
to be exhibited, or the amount of space that will be
required.
"All exhibitors will be admitted to the gardens free,
and they will receive a certain number of tickets, accord-
ing to the extent of their exhibits, for the admission of
friends.
" Growers of fruit will have in this exhibition an oppor-
tunity of correcting or verifying the nomenclature of their
fruits by bringing specimens with them and making a
personal comparison.
"The following gentlemen have been appointed a
committee to carry out the objects of the Congress in
various parts of the country :—
Blackmore, R. D., Teddmgton.
Britcher, G., Tunbridge.
Brotherton, R. P., Tyning-
hame.
15 LKiyard & Co. , N urseries,
Maidstone.
Burnett, J., The Gardens, The
Deepdeoe. Dorking,
Cheal & Sons, nurserymen,
Crawley, Sussex.
Cranston & Co., nurserymen,
Hereford.
Dancer, F. N., Little Sutton,
Chiswick.
Dickson, F. & A.. 106, East-
gate Street, Chester.
Dickson, James, 108, Eastgate
Street, Chester.
Dickson, A., & Sons, New-
townards, Belfast.
Dunn. M., The Gardens, Dal-
keith Palace, N.B.
Fisher, Son. & Sibray, nur-
serymen, Sheffield.
Garland, John, The Gardens,
Killerton, Exeter.
Gilbert, R. , The Gardens,
Burghley, Stamford.
Goldsmith, G- The Gardens,
Hollanden, Tonbridge.
Graham, John,Canford, Houns-
low.
Grieve. Peter, Bury St.
Edmunds.
Harrison & Sons, nurserymen,
Leicester.
Haycock. Charles, The Gar-
dens, Barham Court, Maid-
stone.
Hibberd. Shirley, Brownswood
Park, Stoke Newington.
Hogg, Dr. Robert, 171, Fleet
Street, E C
Jefieries, John, & Sons, nur-
serymen, Cirencester.
Jcffcries & Sons, nurserymen,
Oxford.
Jones, T., The Royal Gardens,
Frog more.
Kllick, Lewis A., Langley,
Maidstone.
Lane, H., & Son, nurserymen,
Berkhamstead.
Laxton, T., Bedford.
Lee, Chas.. & Son, The Nur-
series, Hammersmith, W.
Lee, John, 78, Warwick Gar-
dens, S.W.
Miles, G. T., The Gardens,
Wycombe Abbey, High
Wycombe.
Ormi^t jn & Renwick, nursery-
men, Melrose, N.B.
Pearson, J. R., The Nurseries,
Chilwell, Notts.
Paul & Son, The Nurseries,
Cheshunt.
Paul. Wm., & Son, The Nur-
series, Waltham Cross.
Poyiiter, Robert, nurseryman,
Taunton.
Rivers & Son, The Nurseries,
Sawbridge worth.
Roberts, J., The Gardens,
Guonersbury Park, Acton.
Ross. Charles, The Gardens,
Welford Park, Newbury.
Rutland, F., The Gardens,
Goodwood, Chichester.
Salimarsh & Sons, The Nur-
series, Chelmsford.
Shingles. Thomas, The Gar-
dens, Tort worth Court, Glou-
cester.
Smith, James, The Gardens,
Mentmore, Leighton Buz-
zard.
Smith, R.. & Sons, The Nur-
series, Worcester.
Stevens, Z., The Gardens,
Trentham, Stoke-on- Trent.
Strickland, Sir Charles, Bart.,
Hildenley, Malton, York-
shire.
Turner, Charles, Slough.
Veitch & Sons, nurserymen,
Chelsea, S.W.
Wheeler & Son, nurserymen,
Gloucester.
Woodbridge, John, The Gar-
dens, Syon House, Brent-
ford.
" Any further information that may be required may
be obtained on application to the Secretary, Mr. A. F.
Barron, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick ; or to
Mr. L. A. KiLLiCK, Langley, Maidstone."
At a meeting of the sub-committee, held at
the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswicic, on the iSth inst., John Lee, Esq.,
in the chair — and of which we received intima-
tion since the above was written — it was decided
that exhibitors be requested to send not less
than two fruits of a kind, or more than six, for
the purpose of examination.
All packages should be addressed to the
Secretary, Mr. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticul-
tural Society's Gardens, Chiswick ; the charges
for carriage of the same will be defrayed by the
Society.
Admission to the public will be ij-. on the 4th,
and 6d. on other days.
International Horticultural and
Forestry Exhibition. — We have been requested
by Mr. Wills to publish the following communica-
tion received by him : —
" My dear Sir, — I am desired by Mr. Birkreck to
inform you that a prehminary meeting was held here
yesterday on the subject of the International Horticul-
tural and Forestry Exhibition, when, after a long and
exhaustive discussion, it was unanimously decided that,
having in view the vast amount of preparation necessary
for its success, especially with reference to forestry, it
would be impossible to hold it at so early a date as next
year, and that much more good would be done, and the
chances of success much greater if it were postponed to
the year 1S85, which it was accordingly decided to do.
" I am to request, therefore, you will use your influence
to notify this fact ; for it is certain that, even with this
additional time before us, due notice should be given to
the trade that it is intended to hold such an exhibition
in the spring, summer, and autumn of the year 1S85.
"Edward Cunliffe Owen,
' * Secretary to Chairvian, International Fisheries
Exhibition^ South Kensington, S. W., Sept. 13."
New AKrides. — The magnificent new
Aerides in flower offered by Messrs, F. Sander &
Co. at Stevens' Rooms on Wednesday, after a very
spirited competition fell to Sir Trevor Lawrence
THE GARDENERS' CffRON/CLE. — SrPTEmr.n 33, rSSj,
Fig. 57. — CATTLEYA^WARNERI : FLOWfiRS ROSY-LILAC, LIP CRIMSON. (SEE P. 372.)
370
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883.
'°"^ 235 guineas. The robust growth of the plant is
that of a very strong A. quinquevulnerum, and the
pure white and carmine flowers, which are each i \ inch
long, seem a combination of all that is beautiful in A.
odoratum and A. falcatum, with a trace of the widely
inflated centre of A. crispum. Briefly the plant may
be described as the best and most beautiful Aerides
ever introduced.
The International Potato Show.—
A sight of the schedule of prizes offered by the com-
mittee of the International Potato Show at its recent
exhibition can hardly have failed to make the mouths
of secretaries of other shows to water. Probably the
schedule is, as far as the prizes are concerned, quite
unique in its kind, for of over ^140 offered, only 10s.
of the entire amount was furnished by the committee out
of current income, the rest being given as special prizes
by numerous donors. The securing of these special
prizes has from the first been the intention of Mr.
McKlNLAY, who has always proved singularly suc-
cessful in the discharge of that important duty, and
in doing so has obtained for himself numerous friends.
Having regard to the marked success that has
attended that gentleman's efforts from the first, as has
been from time to time shown in the really grand
exhibitions of his favourite esculent, the Potato, the
most recent of which we fully reported upon last week,
it is not a matter for surprise to learn that some who
have watched and appreciated thos6 efforts to the
full have thought that the time had arrived when
some tangible effect should be given to their admira-
tion for zeal and labour of the most disinterested
and enthusiastic kind. The show next year will
complete the decade. It will, as has already
been publicly promised, be honoured with the
patronage and presence of the Lord Mayor of
London — perhaps the last of his peculiar race— and
not least, all continuing well, that Lord Mayor will
be Mr. McKinlay's own ward alderman, and as
such standing towards the subject of these remarks
in close social and municipal relationship. These
things in combination point to next year as presenting
a fitting time to honour specially the real father of
the Potato show.
Horticultural Education.— Farmersare
at length awakening to the imperative necessity of
developing their resources by this means, and the gar-
deners must follow suit. We have often had occasion
to lament the want of proper education for gardeners
in the principles of their art, and have pointed to the
well-equipped schools of horticulture in Belgium and
others countries. Now the facilities of obtaining such
education are happily increasing. To say nothing of
the agricultural colleges, there is the Institute of
Agriculture, which we alluded to last week ; the
School of Gardening at the Crystal Palace ; and now
we have before us the programme of a system of
education adapted alike for agriculturists and gar-
deners, carried out at the Birkbeck Institution, South-
ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. Mr. David
Houston is about to begin a series of lectures, and
demonstrations on Elementary Botany and the Prin-
ciples of Plant Cultivation. The fees are very low,
and the time selected so as not to interfere with the
day's work. The text-book for Vegetable Physiology
is Dr. Masters' Plant Life; that on Chemistry,
The C/ieiiiistry of the Farm, by Mr. Warington.
We learn that these classes are well attended, but that
gardeners constitute the smallest number of the
students, albeit the subjects treated of are calculated
to be as useful to them as to agriculturists.
London to Calcutta in a Week. — Mr.
Bourne, C.E., the Principal of the new Engineering
College at Muswell Hill, contributes to the Chamber
of Commerce Journal for September an article
descriptive of a proposed new junction railway in-
tended to unite the railways of Europe with those of
India, and which will so accelerate communication
between the Eastern and Western worlds that by its
aid we shall be enabled to travel from London to
Calcutta in a week ! The European system of rail-
ways is now complete or being completed up to Con-
stantinople. The Indian system is complete up to
Sibi on the road to Candahar, and the junction link
now proposed between thise two points, and which
would be 3000 miles long, or of the same length as
one of the railways across America, would run from
Constantinople through Angora, Sivas, Van, Tabteez,
Teheran, Meshed, Herat, and Candahar.
A National Sanitarium.— The acquisi-
tion of the extensive grounds of the Alexandra Palace
by the London Corporation as a public park is at
present under consideration, and is said to be favour-
ably regarded— Lord Shaftesbury and other influ-
ential persons having urged the expediency of the
purchase in the interest of the public at large, and
especially in that of the great suburban district on the
north of London, now being covered with houses at
so rapid a rate. Some demur, we understand, has
arisen in regard to the palace itself, for which it was
apprehended no remunerative use could be found, as
it has failed as a place of amusement in successive
hands. Mr. Bourne, C.E., the Principal of the new
College of Practical Engineering at Muswell Hill,
suggests that a portion of the palace building should
be converted into a great sanitarium, the residue being
devoted to popular amusement and instruction as
heretofore ; and he reckons that by the introduction
of this new feature the total receipts will be so much
increased that the scale will be turned in the right
direction. Certainly there is no sanitarium in
England such as the Palace thus utilised would
constitute. It is heated throughout by hot-water
pipes, so that an equable temperature can easily be
maintained throughout the year, while its spacious
halls, conservatories, theatres, &c., would afford ample
space for valetudinarians to walk about in, and take
any exercise suited to their condition, or to mingle
with amusements so far as they might feel disposed,
enjoying all the while a genial climate without having
to go abroad in search of it.
Cinchona in Bengal.— The total number
of Cinchona trees of all sorts, according to Dr. King's
annual report to the Government, at the close of the
year was 4,711, 168, namely, red (Cinchona succirubra),
3,713,200; yellow (Calisaya Ledgeriana), 662,998;
hybrid unnamed variety, 304,378 ; and other kinds
30,592. The crop of the year is the largest that has
yet been harvested on the plantations. It amounted to
396,980 lb. of dry bark, of which 372,610 lb. were of
succirubra, 22, 120 lb. of Calisaya and Ledgeriana, and
2250 lb. of hydrid bark. By far the largest portion
of the produce was made over to the factory for
conversion into Cinchona febrifuge, while about
41,800 lb. of yellow and red barks were sent, at the
request of the Secretary of State, to London, to be
there converted into various forms of febrifuge and
returned to India for trial by the medical depart-
ment. It is disappointing to notice the continued
failure of Carthagena bark, notwithstanding that the
utmost care has been taken of the plants and every
endeavour made to grow them at various elevations
and with various exposures. An attempt has been
made by the superintendent to introduce the Remija
plant, which belongs to a genus botanically allied to
Cinchona. It is said to be less particular than Cin-
chona as to soil and climate, and produces a quinine-
yielding bark under the name of Cuprea. This bark
forms a very large proportion of the quantity of quinine
bark imported into Europe. Dr. King has eventually
succeeded in obtaining an analysis of the bark re-
newed on succirubra trees that had their original
bark removed by the shaving process introduced by
Mr. Moens, the distinguished Director of Cinchona
Cultivation to the Dutch Government. It appears
that this process consists in shaving off the greater
part of the bark of a living tree to the height of from
8 to 10 feet from the ground, care being taken to
leave everywhere a sufficiently thick layer of bark to
cover the wood. This method has had a fair trial on
the Sikkim plantations, and the result has, beyond
doubt, been favourable, as the bark renews perfectly.
What, however, remained to be seen was, whether
the renewed bark was as rich in medicinal alkaloids
as the original. It was with the object of determin-
ing this question that the analysis above referred to
was undertaken during the year. The results are
thus described by Dr. King : — "The bark renewed
rather slowly, but the analysis shows that it is very
rich both in quinine and cinchodine ; and there can
be no doubt that in countries where red bark trees
are perfectly at home, and where their continuance
in good health and vigour for a long series of years
can be absolutely counted on, this shaving process
must be a very excellent one."
Cycas revoluta.— So popular and orna-
mental a plant as this is probably absent from few
places ; but subjects of this nature being most highly
valued in a small state, are seldom retained in private
gardens till they attain flowering dimensions (number
and neatness being the object aimed at, especially
where house-room is limited). In the fine collection
in the Palm-house at Kew, a female fruiting plant at
the present time attracts a fair share of attention from
visitors. Owing to the height of the stem (about
6 feet) and the depth of the tub in which it is grown,
as well as the broad spreading crown of leaves, the
remarkable inflorescence is partly out of sight, and
consequently not so conspicuous as desirable. More-
over the bright red seeds nestling amongst the lower
divisions of the morphologically modified floral leaves
just excite enough of curiousity to see and know
more. These leaves being produced in a dense ter-
minal crown or tuft, and being densely covered with
a rusty coloured wool, have a plume-like and highly
ornamental character.
MucuNA imericata. — Amongst the large
number of climbers cultivated in the great Palm-stove
at Kew, the subject of the present note is certainly
one of the most curious and attractive. At a short
distance its long-stalked pendulous racemes of large
closely-packed flowers look singularly like bunches of
black Grapes. At one time this species was mistaken
for M. prurita, an East Indian species, which, like
the West Indian M. pruriens, furnished the cowage
or cow-itch of the Materia Medica, a celebrated remedy
for intestinal worms.
Crocus vallicola.— In the Kew Crocus
collection, which has lately been entirely re-arranged
under Mr. Maw's supervision, in accordance with the
classification devised by that gentleman, Crocus valli-
cola is now finely in flower. It is a handsome species,
with pale cream-coloured flowers internally veined
with purple and marked with two small orange-
coloured blotches near the throat. It is a native of
the Alps of Trebizond and Lazistan, at altitudes of
from 6000 — 7000 feet.
Montbretia rosea. — Although this is an
old plant its merits seem to be overlooked, or its
hardiness ignored, in gardens generally, otherwise its
handsome rose-coloured flowers, abundantly produced
in branching panicles, should secure the favour of
every hardy plant lover. In the herbaceous ground,
Kew, where it has been flowering alongside of M.
Pottsii, the flowers are much larger than those of the
latter species, more regularly funnel-shaped, beauti-
fully feathered with dark veins on a faler ground, and
marked on the three lower segments with yellow club-
shaped stripes margined with red. It is a suitable
companion for RL Pottsii, requiring the same simple
cultural treatment in a light, rich, and rather warm
soil. It is also known as Trilonia rosea.
Acer circinatum. — This Maple is one of
the most desirable of hardy small-sized trees for
planting for colour effects, both in spring and autumn.
In spring the rich green of the young foliage con-
trasts strikingly with the deep red of the large bud-
scales and flowers, and in the autumn months the
rich colours assumed by the decaying leaves — a series
of shades of red and crimson — render bushes of this
species most atlractive in the shrubbery border,
iloreover the slow growth and neat habit combine to
make it a most desirable plant as a single specimen
on a lawn, particularly if planted with a dark ever-
green background, so as to show off its beauties to
the best advantage.
Ipomcea filicaulis is a graceful and elegant
climber, with very slender wiry stems, tiny sagittate
leaves, and pretty, dark-eyed, cream-coloured flowers.
It is a very widely distributed annual, being found
wild in India, the Malay Archipelago, Australia,
Africa, and also in the warmer parts of the New
World. As a warm-house plant for summer decora-
tion I. filicaulis is well worth growing, and as it
requires but very little room the objections on the
score of space brought against so many handsome
members of the Convolvulus family do not apply in
this case. Now in flower in the stove at Kew.
RocKWORiv. — Whelher composed of real
stone, or the material now so well made in imitation, the
introduction of this kind of garden embellishment is
as much dependent for success on suitability of situa-
tion, as it is on skilful construction. Either of these
being wanting, the result ends in failure. Within
comparatively recent years a decided advance has
been made in this kind of work, both in regard to the
September 22, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
371
selection of the materials, and in putting them
together in a way to give a natural efTect, but it is no
unusual thing to see elaborate constructions of this
kind introduced where they become incongruous. As
opposed to this may be named therockwork in Miller
Park, Preston. A few years back the railway company
constructed an additional high embankment through
these beautifully situated grounds, which, needless to
say, was the reverse of an improvement. Here was
something ^Ihat it would be an advantage to even
partially hide, with a good substantial background
against which to place the work. The neighbouring
quarries of Longridge afford the best of material,
both as to size, colour, and everything required
in stone for such purposes. The work has been
done to as nearly imitate Nature as possible, and
now that the dwarf shrubs. Ivy, and other plants
used to give the partial covering necessary have had
time to grow, the whole has a pleasing and efl'ective
appearance.
Angelonia grandiI'LORA. — Under this
name there is growing in the Portland Nurseries of
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, at Reading, a charming
plant, bearing spikes of small Tigridia-like flowers,
purple with a white lip ; and so free of bloom is it
that the stems of the flower-spikes throw out lateral
growths that in their turn become spikes of flower.
The genus is generally regarded as embracing a
section of stove herbaceous plants, but here it is
treated as a half-hardy annual, growing freely and
blooming abundantly in the open ground. It is well
deserving of notice as a subject for pot culture. It
can be raised from seeds, as the plants at Reading
were ; and any one who may be disposed to make a
trial of it will find in it a subject of considerable floral
interest,
ESSE.\ Field Club. — The fourth annual
cryptogamic meeting of the Essex Field Club will
take place in Epping Forest on Saturday, September
29. A large number of botanists have promised to be
present and act as referees. In the evening a meet-
ing lor the exhibition of botanical specimens will be
held in the assembly room at the Roebuck Hotel,
Buckhurst Ilill, when the following papers will be
read : — " Recent Additions to the Fungus Flora of
Epp-ng Forest, by Dr. M. C. CoOKE, M.A., F.L.S. ;
"The ' Lower Orders ' of Fungi," by Worthington
G. Smith, F.L.S. ; and "Fungi as Poisons," by
Dr. Wharton, M.A., F.L.S. Botanists wishing to
attend, or willing to assist by exhibiting specimens,
&c., should communicate with the Hon. Secretary,
Mr. W. Cole, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.
Metrosideros euxifolia. — In some books
this plant is described as synonymous with M. scan-
dens, and is stated to be a climber attaining a height
of 10 feet. Many of the species reach and exceed
that height, but are evergreen trees or shrubs, of self-
supporting not climbing habit. As seen in a small
slate it betrays no tendency to assume any other habit
than that of a close branching densely leafy bush.
The flowers in several, and probably in all the species
owe their characteristic colour to the long numerous
brush-like bunches of stamens, which in the present
instance are white. They are produced in the axils
of the upper leaves, often appearing terminal, until
by the elongation of the branches this character dis-
appears. ^L buxifolia is figured in the Bolanical
Magazine, t. 4515, and is to be seen flowering in the
winter garden at Kew. Other species have scarlet
or crimson stamens, and the plants themselves are so
nearly hardy that they will succeed in a very cool
conservatory or greenhouse.
Harvesting the Cones and Berries of
Conifers.— Although this is an operation the English
gardener is seldom called on to perform, except in the
case of his having charge of a home nursery, it is still
one that he may be callep on to carry out should he
take foreign service, for the proprietors of gardens
and parks there do not rely so much on the nursery-
men for their trees and shrubs as is the custom here,
but raise a great many of them at home : hence the
need of seed saving. As an example, Pinus Strobus
may be mentioned ; it is a fine park and garden tree,
umbrageous when old, picturesque in outline then, and
rapid of growth till its fortieth year ; for clumps or
wayside shade trees it is one much to be recommended,
although as a timber tree it is of small value. The
cones are ripe in the end of August, and must be
gathered as soon as the seeds turn only slightly
brown, and before the cones become open : if left on
the tree later than this the seed fall out and are lost.
Sc|uirrels are sometimes very destructive to this sort
and others with largish seeds. When the cones are
gathered they must be placed on broad, shallow
troughs of wood or metal, or on canvas stretched on
frames, in a sunny place in the open. In rainy
weather removal to a shed, or covering up securely,
must be done. After a few weeks of this treatment
the seeds will fall out of the cones in great numbers,
but not all ; the remainder must be removed by tear-
ing open and beating them. To clean them a few
sieves of various sizes of mesh are required, and for
large quantities a species of winnower. Seeds of
Pinus, Picea, Abies, Wellingtonia, Cryptomeria, and
Thuias of sorts, [are all manipulated in a similar
manner, the chief thing ^being to observe the time
when the seeds begin to turn of a brown colour, then
gathering at once. The Juniperus virginiana berries
are ripe in October, and can safely be left till the
approach of winter ; but as they are eaten by birds
during hard weather, it is not safe to leave them
unpicked much later than the beginning of December.
The pulp of this kind of Juniper made into jam is
given medicinally in some parts of the Continent in
cases of catarrh. It may be remarked that the finest
cones, and those which contain the best germinating
seeds, are to be found on the tips of the uppermost
branches, and on others that are high and well
exposed to the sun, so that these should be
gathered in preference to those lower down and
easier reached. The same remark holds good of most
tree and shrub seeds.
Illustrations of British Fungi. — Dr.
M. C. Cooke has completed the second volume of
this great work, and we print the following extract
from his preface with the hope that he may yet get
more subscribers, though we suspect the small number
of subscribers is due partly to the fact that a consider-
able proportion of the persons interested in fungi are
unable to afford to buy the work : —
"At the meeting of the Woolhope Club in the autumn of
1880 the subject (/.£., the publication of figures of fungi)
was again considered, and I was induced to commence
these UhiUrations provided a sufficient number of sub-
scribers could be secured to guarantee the continuance
of tlie work, and limit the pecuniary responsibility within
reason.ible bounds. Although hitherto the receipts have
fallen short of the expenditure, the arduous undertaking
has been pursued without interruption or recompense
until the section Leucospori of the large genus Agaricus
has been completed in two volumes, containing 292
plates, illustrating 378 species, with varieties, leaving only
about twenty-six species in this section, which have been
recorded as British, without figures, including some very
doubtful ones. It is probable that some of these
may yet be obtained and figured as an appendix.
It is intended to proceed forthwith with the publication
of Illustratiotts of the remaining sections of Agaricus,
which it is esuraated will occupy two volumes, including
about the same number of plates as the two volumes
just concluded. Up to this point it is considered that
the 1 [lustrations will compare favourably in number with
any work hitherto published. Sowerby figured only
r65 species of Agaricini, of all kinds ; HUSSEY, 80 ;
Bolton, ro8 ; Bulliard, 287 ; Krombholz, 230 ; and
Fries' /c^«^j include 209 species of the l^eucospori ; so
that already a larger number of white-spored .Agarics
have been figured herein than all the gill-bearing fungi
in Sowerby, Hussey, and BoLTOiV together, or that
were contained in the large work by Krombholz.
Although this may fairly claim to be a national work, it
is remarkable that less than seventy of the inhabitants of
the British Islands contribute as subscribers to its suc-
cess, and its very existence is consequently dependent
upon foreign support."
A New Mexican Cycad. — Two or three
years ago, a Mr. C. J. Hoge arrived in this country
from Mexico, bringing, among other objects of natural
history, a single plant of anundescribed Cycad, which
he offered, at a certain price, to the authorities at
Kew ; but as they do not purchase expensive novel-
ties, his offer was not accepted. What became of the
living plant we do not know, though we know that
Mr. Hoge gave Mr. Thiselton Dyer one dried
leaf. Now, in the last issue of the Garten Zcitun^,
appears a description of this Cycad by Dr. EiCHLER,
under the name of Dioon spinulosum, Dyer. Accord-
ing to Dr. EicHLER, Mr. Dyer's leal came from the
Mexican province of Yucatan, while the first plant
received at the Berlin Botanic Garden was obtained,
through a Mr. E. Kerber, from a nursery at Cor-
dova, in the province of Vera Cruz, Mexico, and on
the authority of the owner of that nursery the plant
is wild in ravines near Tuxtla. More recently the
Berlin Botanic Garden has received from the same
source a consignment of about forty living plants.
Hitherto only one genuine species of Dioon has been
known, for although Mhjuel described a 1). imbri-
calum and a 1). augustifoliuni, and Lemaire a D.
aculeatum, those authors subsequently reduced the
forms to which they had given the foregoing names to
varieties of D. edule. The new D. spinulosum
differs from D. edule in the segments of the leaf being
much broader and invariably armed with thorny teeth.
The number of segments, so far as known, is much
fewer, less than half the number of those in fully
developed leaves of D. edule.
Salvia Rcemeriana. — This charming half-
hardy perennial scarcely receives the attention it
deserves. It is a singularly effective plant, of dwarf
growth, close and compact habit, and yielding a pro-
fusion of spikes of bright crimson flowers. It is
simply necessary to raise the seeds in spring, and
plant out in the open ground in good soil. In this
manner were raised the plants forming a large group
which we saw at Messrs. Sutton & Sons' Portland
Nurseries, Reading, a few days ago, and the some-
what dense tufted plants were heavily laden with
blossoms.
- — Publication Received. — Tomatos ; a
Manual of How, When, and Where to Purchase
and Propagate Them. By George Roberts —
Appendix, Numerous Pecipes 0/ their Use in Cookery
(Sully & Ford, Plough Court, Fetter Lane,
London, E.G.).
The Weather.— General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Sept. 17, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London : — The weather during this week has
been characterised by clear, fine, and warm days and
cool, foggy or misty nights and early mornings, and
very heavy dews. Scarcely any rain has fallen, but
some local thunderstorms were experienced over
England towards the close of the period, that which
passed over London during the afternoon of the 17th
being accompanied, in the northern suburbs, by un-
usually heavy rain. The temperature has been
slightly below or about equal to the mean in Ireland
and the south-west of England, but 1° or 2" above it
elsewhere. The maxima were generally registered on
the 17th, and varied between 6S° and 71° in the
western and extreme northern parts of the kingdom,
and between 75° and 77° over eastern, central, and
southern England. The minima — which were re-
recorded on the I2th in Scotland, and a few days
later elsewhere — ranged from 45° in " England,
S.W.," and 44° in "England, N.E.," to 37° in
"Scotland, W." and "Ireland, N.," and to 34° in
"Scotland, E." The rainfall has been very much
less than the mean in all districts. At most stations
in the west of Great Britain the weather was altogether
rainless. Bright sunshine shows a decided increase
in duration in nearly all places, the percentages vary-
ing from 61 in "England, N.W." to 49 in "Eng-
land, S.W.," and 48 in "Scotland, W.," to 34 in
"England, N.E." Depressions observed : — Pressure
has been highest over Scandinavia, and rather high
and uniform over the whole of our area, but lower to
the westward and south-westward than elsewhere.
The only depression, in addition to some very shallow
ones over England towards the close of the week,
was one which was travelling E.S.E. over our
southern counties as the week commenced. The
winds on the Illh were moderate from the N. on
all our coasts, and during the next few days N.E.
in the south and east, and S. in the west and north,
but subsequently became very light and variable in
all districts,
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. Fre-
derick Peppitt, who has been Plant Foreman for the
last two years at Lockinge Park, Wantage, as Gar-
dener to Mrs. Egerton, Aldwarke Hall, Rotherham,
— Mr. J. Wakefield, late Gardener to Mrs. Leigh,
Manor House, Ham, as Gardener and Bailiff to E.
Pettit, Esq., Broadwater, Oatlands Park, Wey-
bridge. — Mr. Thomas Glen, He.ad Gardener to
Percy Bicknell, Esq., of Foxgrove, Beckenham,
Kent, for the last four years, has been appointed to,
and taken charge of the gardens at Worth Park,
Crawley, Sussex,
372
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883.
THE LARGE FLOWERED
CATTLEYAS.— I.
Cattleva labiata, being the first of the section
to be introduced, is the proper one to commence with,
the more particularly as it is sought to make it the
representative species. Of its introduction but little
is known beyond that it was received into this
country from Rio about the year 1S18 ; at the same
time, or soon after, several other plants of the same
species were imported from the same source. On
being cultivated each of the plants displayed great
dissimilarity from the others either in colour or time
of flowering, the famed autumn flowering variety
which has obtained such a great reputation, and
which seems to get dearer every year, being one of
them, the others being summer flowering. Whether
the autumn flowering variety is a local form of
which all the plants of C. labiata in its par-
ticular locality flower at the same time of year,
or whether it is a chance plant out of the summer
flowering varieties is not known, for although pro-
bably no Orchid has been more studied or has had more
money expended on it in research, its native habitat
has never been found notwithstanding many a venture-
some and bootless journey has been undertaken on
the strength of what was supposed to be reliable in-
formation—one collector more certain of success than
all the rest being only rewarded at the end of his
journey by the sight of rugged rocks clad with Arau-
caria brasiliensis and little else. The varieties then of
what is called true labiata each sprang from a single
parent plant, and the stock now in the country being
the result of propagation by division, the species is
easily recognised, each of the varieties after its kind ;
but as we see that every one of the originally imported
plants differed widely from the others, does it not
point to the fact that in their native habitat they are
as variable as any of the other varieties (such as
Warneri, Mossis, and gigas), which have been placed
by botanists as mere varieties of C. labiata, and by
reason of that variability it is utterly unworthy to be
advanced as the specific type of other varieties as
distinct and as well marked as itself. I am not
going to question whether many of the showy Cattleyas
are or are not of the same species, so far as the
botanists can ascertain by the study of the incon-
spicuous organs ; but I am sure that all cultivators
will agree with me that they are all distinct enough,
for garden purposes, in habit, in plant, and in flower,
to warrant us in asking that they may be spared the
infliction of the name of that unstable variety labiata
on them. In these days we claim to be progressing.
It is, therefore, unnecessary for a botanist now to
follow an erroneous name merely because it was the
name given by one in former times. [It is neces-
sary to point out that the writer has the requirements
of the cultivator alone in view. Ed.j If we follow
the errors or unnecessary elaborations of twenty
years ago, what is to prevent us going back a
few years more, and calling up the genera
Cymbidium, Epidendrum, Limodorum, &c., as
they once stood with their bizarre companies ? Pro-
fessor Reichenbach, to whom we all owe so much,
has long been at work on a digest of the whole
matter; let us hope that he will, aided by the
information obtained from the cultivators, with the
specimens for which he always craves, be enabled to
give us a reasonable set of names for these Orchids in
general, and for Cattleyas in particular ; and that he
will not be tied down by erroneous matter previously
written. The following names, which are in general
use in collections, and which I am sure will never be
displaced by any botanical discoveries, I consider
correct, the name C. labiata being given to the varie-
ties from Brazil only, as, whatever the resemblance
may be by which the botanist connects them with
the other varieties, to the cultivator who studies his
plants in all their characteristics at all seasons, they
have nothing consistent in common to connect them :
Cattkya labiata Warneri (fig. 57, p, 369).— This
beautiful variety, which has now been in collections a
good many years, was first flowered by Mr. R. Warner,
and figured in the Folia Orchidacca. It was received
from Rio, the same locality from whence the old
" labiata " came, and in growth, as well as flower, it
is evidently a true "labiata." The more common
the plant becomes the more evident it is that it, like
the old labiata, must be of mixed parentage, as out
of fifty plants in bloom at one time probably not two
could be selected alike in all points, even the growth
difiering much, some of the plants being green and
others quite red. A good variety of Cattleya labiata
Warneri is one of our most beautiful Cattleyas. It
succeeds well in pots in fibry peat, the plant being
kept high above the rim of the pot. In order to flower
it well it should be kept well up to the glass, and
shaded only very lightly even in the brightest weather,
as few plants are more impatient of shade and a close
atmosphere than it is.
C. Mossia. — One of the finest of Cattleyas, intro-
duced nearly fifty years ago. It offers a greater variety
than any Cattleya, except perhaps C. Trianse, but no
matter what the shade of colour may be, or how the
different colours may be distributed, the Mossises of
all importations are curiosities to Orchid growers, and
they run no risk of mistaking them. They are also
very constant in their time of flowering. To this must
also be added, along with the long list of named and
figured varieties —
C. Mossia Wagneri, a rare variety, with pure white
sepals and petals. I really believe this variety was
easier to obtain many years ago than it is now, for I
remember getting some good plants of it over twenty-
five years ago for Mr. B. S. Williams from Dr.
Butler's collection at Woolwich.
C. Mossice Reincckiaiia, a beautiful white variety,
with mauve veining in the throat, some very fine plants
of which are in Mr. Lee's magnificent collection.
C Mossi(s alba, also a very rare white variety.
C. speciosissima is another usually referred to the
C. Mossise, and by the same rule may have the name
" labiata " tacked on to it. To a cultivator it is the
most distinct of all the Cattleyas, and could not pos-
sibly be confounded with any of the others. He
would tell you that a boy who knew the plant could
pick it out in the dark either in or out of flower. It
is a beautiful Cattleya, and under its expressive title,
"speciosissima," may well be left to grace our col-
lections without a long string of names which are
never used being applied to it. In appearance the
plant is more like C. Eldorado than any other, it
having the variously shaped rounded bulb and hard
texture of that variety ; its delightful odour, too, is
between that of Mossise and that of Eldorado. It
is now in bloom with. Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder
& Co. C. speciosissima is said to be difficult to
bloom, and so I know it to be as a pot plant, but on
a block, or in a basket without much stuff around it,
and being suspended in a very light or sunny inter-
mediate-house, and kept very wet when growing and
rooting, and cooler but yet moist when the growths
are fully made, it blooms well. J. O. B.
[To be contmued.)
Satires of Joolis.
The Fertilisation of Flowers. By Prof.
Hermann Miiller. Translated and edited by
D'Arcy W. Thompson, B.A., Scholar of Trinity
College, Cambridge, London : Macmillan & Co.,
1883.
The relation between insects and flowers has only
been fully worked out in recent years. It is true that
references to the visits of insects to flowers for the
purpose of obtaining their nectar are by no means
rare, even in ancient literature, and they well express
the state of science at the time they were written ;
that is to say, the work of the insect was regarded
simply as a search for food, which it found without
in any way benefiting its entertainers. Later on,
however, when the doctrine of the sexuality of plants
had secured a firm foothold, the importance of insects
as the agents of fertilisation began to be better under-
stood ; but even then it was thought that pollen is
dusted on to the stigma merely by the shaking to
which the stamens are subjected by insects during
their visits, and it was not until the appearance of
C. K. Sprengel's Das entdeckte Geheimniss der
Natnr, in 1793, that correct observations were
recorded. In this great and original work
Sprengel proved (l) that honey-containing flowers
are fertilised by one or several species of insect, and
(2) that this is effected by the brushing out
of pollen on to various parts of a visitor's body,
whence it is conveyed to the stigma. Sprengel
showed that several hundred kinds of flowers examined
by him possess a nectary which secretes honey, a
receptacle for its storage, arrangements for its protec-
tion from rain, and means by which insects are direc-
ted to the store. He also showed the impossibility of
many flowers being either fertilised by their own agency
or by transport of pollen by the agency of the wind,
while he was often an eye-witness of the conveyance
of pollen by insects to the stigma. But a most im-
portant point was overlooked by Sprengel. He saw
that much of the structure, whose meaning he
fathomed with such sagacity and patience, tended to
the dusting of stigmas with pollen brought from other
flowers, and he had some suspicion of the purpose of
this ; but here he stopped, and it was reserved for
Andrew Knight in 1799, and more recently, by a
series of masterful experiments, for Charles Darwin, to
unlock the mystery by enunciating as a law, applic-
able to vegetable as to animal life, that " no organic
being fertilises itself for a perpetuity of generations,
but that a cross with another individual is occasionally
— perhaps at very long intervals— indispensable." By
aid of this law the reason of insect agency was fully
brought to light.
The enunciation of the Knight-Darwin law of bene-
fit from crossing appeared in the Origin of Species, a
work which acted like a powerful tonic upon the
somewhat enervated constitution of the naturalist.
Dormant energies were everywhere aroused, and a
school of clever observers appeared recipient of the
new views, and desirous of applying them to natural
history in all its departments. Under these circum-
stances Sprengel's work, which had suffered unde-
served neglect, received its due homage, and the
observations recorded therein were largely added to.
Charles Darwin himself led the way with his beautiful
book on the fertilisation of Orchids, his steps being
closely followed chiefly by Hildebrand, Delpino,
Axell, and Hermann Miiller of Lippstadt, whose loss
we have so recently been called on to deplore.
In Miiller's BefruchHing der Bhimen, which serves
as a lay-figure, as it were, to the present volume, we
see an able naturalist patiently solving the problems
set before him by the aid of wide knowledge of ento-
mology. He prefaces his work with a well illustrated
account of the insects which visit flowers ; the orders
of plants are then treated of seriatim, the structure of
the flower of each species being explained, and in
many cases illustrated ; and to this a list of its insect
visitors is appended. It may, therefore, be readily
gathered that the book teems with the records of
careful observation, varying from obvious explanations
to the unriddling of such structures as the detaining
flowers of the Ceropegias, Aristolochias and Arums,
and the deceptive ones of Paroassia, Lopezia, and
Solanum Dulcamara ; until we reach such a case as
the fertilisation of Yucca by the Yucca moth, which
demands for its solution capacity for the observation
of fleeting phenomena as great as was possessed by
Gilbert White. Nor will the practical man be unre-
warded by mastering the work. We will give an
instance. Every gardener knows that the species of
Abutilon are readily hybridised, but are barren if their
stigmas be dusted with pollen from the same flower.
Now the Abutilons in their native country are well
adapted to fertilisation by humming-birds, which per-
form their task with such diligence and certainty that
every stigma must infallibly receive foreign pollen.
Under these circumstances the species have lost the
now useless faculty for self-fertilisation, and the range
of their affinities being widened, we might expect,
as indeed is proved to be the case, that hybrids would
be readily produced.
Additional value is given to the English edition by
including in it many discoveries made subsequently
to the publication of the German original, as well as
Mr. Darwin's preface, one of the last writings of the
illustrious naturalist. To the translator it has evi-
dently been a labour of love ; he is to be congratu-
lated on a very fairly rendered text, on the happy
inspiration which has led him to rearrange the orders
in a sequence familiar to the English reader, and on
the useful bibliography at the end of the volume.
There are a few slips, as, indeed, is inevitable
in a large work of this kind. The hood of Aconites
is not formed of two sepals, but by the hinder one
alone. Heterocarpaea is not a Leguminosa, nor does
Ocimum belong to Verbenace^e. Cleistogamy is
known in the case of just twice as many Orchids as
Miiller mentions ; and while the well known instance
of Krascheninikowia is omitted, such unsatisfactory
examples as Stapelia and Hoya are included in the
cryptogamous list. Mistakes in spelling, like Lesper-
deza, Rohdea, and Ceropejia, one would suppose to
be oversights, but for their repetition in the index.
After all, these are but tiny flies for a jar of such fine
honey, and we notice them merely that they may be
removed when, as we anticipate and as the work
thoroughly deserves, a second edition shall be called
for. In the meantime we earnestly recommend its
careful perusal by all gardeners interested in the
setting of their Grapes, Melons, &c., and especially
September 22, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
373
to all those engaged in hybridising and raising new
forms of flowers, fruits, or vegetables.
Tomatos. By George Roberts. — A short, con-
cisely written pamphlet on this popular fruit, by
one who evidently knows a good deal about what
he writes. Succinct directions are given as to
raising, planting-out, and harvesting the crop, as
well .as numerous recipes as to the methods of cooking
and serving them .at table. We quote one on
Tomatos stuffed ;— " Cut the tops off eight large ones,
scoop out the pulp, mix it with an ounce of bread
crumbs, one of butter, broken into small pieces, some
pepper and salt. Fill the fruits with the mixture,
and bake in a moderate oven for ten minutes, or a
quarter of an hour." Singularly, none of the sorts
popular with gardeners are named ; but only such sorts
as General Garfield, Jackson's Favourite, and Daniel's
Crimson-Green.
BROOMEIA.
In a recent paper at the Linnean, Broomeia
congregat<a, lierkl., was the subject of inquiry. If
the Rev. C. Kalchbrenner and myself had been
able to carry out our original idea of publishing
an extended paper on the South African Pungi
collected by myself there would have been no ques-
tion as to the outer peridium. My venerable friend
has no doubt the IMS. notes upon this rarity, which
I have sent to Kew, to Vienna, and sundry private
mycologues. The fungus arises much as other Gas-
tube making itself a conspicuous object amongst other
flowering plants in the Cape-house at Kew. It is a
Mexican species lately introduced and described in
the Cdn/fw/M' C/(ro«/iVt- for July 16, iSSi. All are
so nearly hardy as to thrive outside in favoured
localities, but their delicately coloured flowers
(especially the white ones) are so apt to get be-
spattered and torn by the autumnal rains, that the
most suituble place for them when in flower is a cool
conservatory or greenhouse.
Sanciiezia NoniLls. — The present species seems
to be the only member of the genus introduced and
subjected to cultivation in this country. The order of
Acanthads to which it belongs is numerously repre-
sented in warm countries in many parts of the world ;
but the plants are usually so unattractive as to find
small favour in gardens. The subject of this notice,
however, has bold foliage clothing the shrubby stems,
which are surmounted by panicles of yellow flowers,
collected in heads and enclosed by large crimson and
yellow-coloured bracts. The forms with the variegated
leaves are undoubtedly the most handsome, and will
be most appreciated in gardens as ornamental leaved
stove plants. Being a native of Ecuador warm treat-
ment is necessary. Other and herbaceous species
extend southwards through Peru. A form of S.
nobilis, flowering in the Victoria-house at Kew, is
conspicuous amongst other plants by the penninerved
leaves, which have a distinct creamy-yellow stripe
along the midrib and all the principal lateral veins.
G\V(^ 3/\D//^
Fig. 58.— broomeia congregata : nat. size.
teromycetes, showing a white flattish-ovoid floccose
outer peridium, breaking through the ground under
trees of Acacia horrida, W. When by growth the
corky cubiculum has reached the surface level the
peridium breaks, so far as I have seen, regularly in a
circumscissile manner along the lower edge. The
loose peridial cap blows away before the wind, or,
detained by an unbroken corner, decays in siiil with
with the first damp weather. I send a specimen, upon
the surface of which you will find remains of the floccose
outer peridium lying upon the aggregated inner ones.
F MacOzvafi, Cape Town. [The plant is figured of the
natural size in fig. 58. To the right is shown a sec-
tion with spores magnified ; s, p, are the spores,
magn. 780 diam. ; m is the mouth, detached, from
which the spores are discharged, magn. 3 diam. ; O, P,
is the outer peridium or shell ; I, p, the inner
peridium ; s, T, the stroma or cellular matrix from
which the spore-cases arise. In the young state the
stroma is continuous with the outer shell at A, A.
The analyses and drawings have been made by Mr.
W. G. Smith. Ed.]
PLANTS IN FLOWER.
Zephyranthes macrosiphon. — This is one of
the latest introductions and at the same time one of
the most beautiful of a genus the members of which
are characterised by the comparatively large size of
their flowers and their exceeding chaste and attractive
appearance. They are easily distinguishable from the
allied species of Habranthus {likewise producing one-
flowered peduncles) by the funnel-shaped perianth
which is drawn out into a tube at the base while that of
the latter is turbinate-campanulate. The subject of this
note has bright rosy-red flowers with a long white
Scabiosa Hookeri. — Amongst a number of fine
things in the way of herbaceous plants, seeds of this
new and distinct Teazel-wort were collected by Mr.
H. J. Elwes in the Sikkim district of the Himalayas.
Of those sent to Kew plants have been raised and
flowered, showing a very different habit of growth
from the numerous representatives to be met with in
gardens where hardy plants are a speciality or receive
a due share of attention. The leaves, of firm leathery
texture, are oblong and entire, or more or less deeply
pinnatifid, with oblong obtuse segments, and form a
radical rosette, from which the naked peduncle rises
to the height of about 15 inches, bearing a bold
solitary head of flowers. These are pure white, save
for the deep violet anthers, and form a semi-globose
mass without the rays, so prominent a feature in S.
caucasica, S. columbaria, and some other species.
If it prove comparatively hardy in this country, of
which there is a likelihood, the neat habit of growth
and large head of white flowers will constitute it a
plant deserving a place in the rock garden.
SCROPHULARIA AQUATICA VARIEGATA. — Under
the name of S. nodosa variegata this plant has become
widely distributed in gardens all over the country,
but why it should be thus erroneously designated is
not very obvious, as the two plants are readily dis*
tinguishable at sight. Both are natives, and although
occasionally found inhabiting the same locality in a
wild state, S. aquatica shows a decided preference for
the margins of ditches and wet places, while the other
usually affects shady banks and waste places, which
are naturally not what could be termed wet. The
latter has a knotty tuberous rootstock, acuminate,
sharply and doubly serrate leaves, while S. aquatica
has usually very obtuse leaves, with a doubly crenate
margin. The rootstock is stout and fleshy, but with-
out the knotty protuberances of the other — a fact which
must be apparent to every gardener who has increased
his stock by division. Both are weedy coarse plants
with inconspicuous flowers, but the variegated form
of S. aquatica is a decided acquisition for garden pur-
poses, especially in spring, when the ample foliage
puts on its best tints of creamy yellow and white,
which it never fails to do if the soil in which it is
planted is tolerably moist. The typical form is
figured in En^iHsh Botany^ 854.
Phlomw Leonurus. — Messrs. Cannell send us
specimens of the very handsome Phlomis Leonurus,
a Salvia-Iike plant with dense whorls of large woolly
orange flowers, of which we gave an illustration at
p. 186, vol. xix., 18S2. It is one of the handsomest
plants of its class.
NOTES ON IRISES.
{Coniimted /rom p, 332.)
After these preliminary statements, which I trust
the reader will excuse, on the plea that they clear the
way for what is to follow, I naay turn now to my own
special attempts.
Hybrids of I. variegata with I. pallida. —
I have in my garden an Iris which I received under
the name of I. variegata. It is not a typical varie-
gata, since it has not the full golden-yellow of the
type, but in its duller colouring tends rather to I. sam-
bucina or I. lurida. Still I feel compelled, on the
whole, to call it variegata ; and it possesses one strik-
ing physiological character of variegata : it dies down
completely and early in winter. This, as old Parkinson
noted long ago, is a very distinct feature of I.
variegata. Left to itself, this Iris has never seeded
with me ; during some six or seven years I have
never gathered a pod, or even seen an ovary really
begin to swell unless I had manipulated the flower.
In the summer of iSSo I removed from a plant all
anthers as soon as the flowers opened, I may here
remark that, with very few, and these doubtful, excep-
tions, all Irises are protandrous ; that is to say, the
anthers burst before the stigma is ready to receive the
pollen, the readiness of the stigma* being shown by its
separating from the bases of the crests, and falling
down into a horizontal or inclined position. With a
very little care, all the anthers may be successively
removed, even before they have burst, and certainly
in time to prevent any pollen falling on the stigma.
I think, therefore, that I may safely assume that the
plant in question could not have fertilised itself.
Upon the stigmas of some dozen or a score of
flowers I placed, in due time, the pollen, in some
cases of I. pallida {a fairly typical form), in others of
the large oriental form of I. germanica, marking the
flowers thus treated. Of the flowers so manipulated
nine gave large thoroughly turgid pods, which on
dehiscence were found to be full of well formed seed.
Of the rest some swelled at first, but subsequently
went off. Of the flowers on the plant not so manipu-
lated not a single one so much as began to swell, and
this was also true of the few last flowers, which did
not open until the manipulated ones had withered and
set, and from which, therefore, I did not think it
necessary to remove the anthers. I concluded from
these results that the pods in question were the pro-
ducts of the strange pollen which I had put on the
flowers — that, in fact, I had elTected hybridisation ;
and I do not as yet see any flaw in the argument
leading to this conclusion.
Unfortunately I did not affix any mark distinguish-
ing those flowers on which I had placed germanica
pollen from those on which I had placed pallida
pollen. I have found, however, by experience that
the pollen of pallida is very much more potent than
that of germanica. Every hybridist is early struck
with the fact that the pollen of some forms produces
seed much more readily than does the pollen of other
forms ; and this is true of Irises also. So far I have
not as yet succeeded in getting any ripe germinable
seed as the result of the application of germanica
pollen, whereas I have in various stages successful
products of pallida pollen (including several varieties
of pallida) placed on very different flowers. And
while in the summers of iSSi-83 I have again suc-
ceeded in impregnating I. variegata with pallida, all
• By the stigma I mean the stigmatic surface only, the little
ledge below the crests. Most authors give the name stigma to
the whole tripartite upper part of the style, and speak of the
crests of the stigma ; but it seems to me more appropriate to
speak of the styJe as dividing into three parts, each beaiing two
crests, and below these a stigma ; for the stigmatic surface is
not in the Iris as., e.g., in Gladiolus, extended over the whole of
the tripartite end of the style.
374
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883.
my attempts to cross variegata with germanica have
absolutely failed. I conclude, therefore, that all my
seed was probably the result of pallida pollen, and
this conclusion is borne out by the characters of the
seedlings. I shall, therefore, venture to speak of
their parents as I. variegata and I. pallida.
The seed was gathered as soon as ripe, and sown
immediately. It germinated very readily, and I
have from it a very large number of seedlings, some
of which flowered in the summer of 1882, and still
more this summer, but a large number have yet to
bloom. The special characters of the seedlings vary
very considerably ; it would be tedious to enter into
detail, but the following general statement may
perhaps not be without interest.
In foliage they are for the most part intermediate
between the mother and the father, but favouring
the former rather than the latter, very few indeed
showing the broad massive leaves of pallida. Some
havp red bases to the tufts of leaves, as had the
p^i^nt variegata, others have green bases like pallida ;
but nearly all the plants resemble pallida and differ
from variegata in that the leaves do not die completely
down in winter. In stature also the children are inter-
mediate between their parents ; most, however, have
the shorter scape and more compressed inflorescence
of variegata, while some few show the taller more
loosely branched stem of pallida.
Perhaps the more characteristic feature of I. pallida
is the possession of thin papery colourless or white
spathe valves, which become scarious so early as to
lead one at first sight to fear that the as yet unopened
bud is about to wither. In variegata the spathe
valves are green flushed with purple, and much more
persistent. In this respect also the majority of the
seedlings were intermediate, having spathe valves
which early became scarious, but yet turned brown
flushed with purple, instead of taking on the silvery
whiteness of the spathe valves of pallida.
The flowers themselves varied exceedingly in size,
form, and colouring. In general the form of the
flower and of its component parts, by the greater
length of the perianth tube, by the narrower more
pointed crests of the style, and by the shape of the
segments, drew near to variegata ; and the blood of
this, the mother, was in most cases obvious in the
bold and conspicuous veining of the claws of both the
falls and the standards. In point of colour I was able
to arrange a long series, passing from nearly typical
pallida, through a variety of tints, to something which
was as nearly as possible a reproduction of the mother,
variegata. There was, however, on the whole, a
tendency, on the one hand, to the development of a
deeper blue than is ever seen in pallida ; and, on the
other, to the appearance, especially in the standards,
of dusky and dirty hues of yellow.
Lastly, though I. variegata has no odour at all,
many of the seedlings were exceedingly fragrant, more
so even than I. pallida, the scent being as strong,
and very much of the same character as that of I.
plicata or I. Swerti.
I venture to think, then, that I have in this case
not simply produced a number of variations from the
type of the mother, but actually effected a hybridisa-
tion, the offspring favouring the mother in foliage and
habit (save as far as relates to the greater or less per-
sistence during winter), and in the form of the flowers,
while the influence of the pollen is most evident in
the large amount of blue coloration visible in by far
the greater number of the blooms.
I stated a little way back that I believed that a
large number of the Irises which nurserymen speak of
as varieties of germanica 'are hybrids ; and among
these hybrids of which I am speaking are many which
seem almost identical with various " named " forms of
our gardens. Very many of these named forms ate by
Mr. Barr classed as varieties of I. neglecta, to my mind
very justly so. Now it is specially these so-called
forms of neglecta to which my hybrids come near ; so
much so that I feel very much inclined to believe that
the typical and original neglecta of Hornemann is
actually a hybrid between I. variegata and I. pallida.
But I may perhaps go farther than this. Very many
of the garden varieties may be classed as forms of I.
squalens, I. lurida, I. sambucina (which are veritable
species found wild in Europe), but some of my hybrids
run very close indeed to these. These three Irises have
many points in common and have been at times
variously confused by successive authors (indeed I
cannot say that my own mind is as yet clear about
them) ; they are also related to variegata, the four
forming a group, the members of whioh are more
closely connected with each other than with any other
Iris. The view which naturally commends itself is
that these four forms have arisen from one of the four,
or from some lost common ancestor, by simple varia-
tion without the admixture of foreign blood. But my
hybrids raise the suspicion that possibly natural
hybridisation may have intervened. Of course
further evidence is needed before a definite opinion
can be arrived at. In this relation I may, per-
haps, state that in the summer of 1S81 I crossed
the same plant of I. variegata with the pollen of a
handsome garden Iris known as Queen of the May,
and have obtained a large number of seedlings. Of
these I may have to speak hereafter, meanwhile I
quote them, since among them are plants the flowers
of which, save as regards some inner structural
features which a casual observer would overlook, are
almost exactly like I. flavescens. Now the Queen of
the May, though having reddish flowers, is in all
essential characters a pallida, almost a typical pallida.
Whether it be, as I suspect, a hybrid or simply a
variation I do not know ; but unless it be a hybrid
with, what seems extremely unlikely, flavescens blood
in it, so that the appearance of a plant like flavescens
in my seedlings is simply a reversion to a part of the
ancestral blood, the fact of the appearance of the
flavescens features in the progeny of variegata (from
which flavescens is widely different) as the result of
hybridisation suggests that the wild flavescens is itself
a hybrid.
To conclude this long story, I will call to mind a
suggestion of Dean Herbert. That wonderfully
sagacious man (and the more I try to follow up his work
the more I marvel at his breadth of view and at his
insight) threw out the suggestion that all the bearded
Irises growing round the Mediterranean basin were
after all mere varieties of one form, and would be
found to cross readily with each other. My own
short experience leads me to believe that, within
limits determined more by breeding capacity than by
specific differences, he was right ; and this opens up
the question whether the variations giving rise to
our many species of bearded Iris are, in part at least,
due to natural hybridisation. M. Foster.
{To he conlinited.)
Old and New Roses.— The following interesting
article, written by the late Mr. H. B. Ellwanger, for
the July Cciiltiry, will be especially appreciated by
our readers. We regret that lack of space forbids our
publishing it in full, but we have, however, retained
such portions as are of most interest. Mr. Ellwanger
says, by way of introduction, that " It is worthy of
note that our fathers and forefathers had in general a
better nomenclature for their Roses than is used in
these days! Such names as Dame Blanche, La
Favorite, Rosalie, La Coquette, and those of the
various mythological characters — as Hebe, Juno, and
Calypso — were freely used. Now the favourite Roses
are Dukes and Duchesses, Counts and Countesses,
Lords and Ladies, Generals and Senators, till we
wonder if there are any plebeians left."
There are many old Roses that should never be
forgotten, though they have been pushed aside by new-
comers, and are seldom to be found on sale at the
florists'. Blanchefleur, Madame Hardy, Madame
Zcetman are delightfully fragrant, beautiful white
Roses, whose places have not been filled by any of
the usurping H.P.'s ; and there are others, of the
Provence and Damask families, nearly as fine as those
named. In all our improvements we have not
yet bettered the quality of the old white summer
Roses of thirty and forty years ago. The demand is
now altogether for those varieties which bloom more
than once, and in achieving freedom of bloom we
have lost in fragrance, have lost in hardiness ; there-
fore, to leave out and cast aside these favourites of a
generation that is passing away is surely a serious
mistake. Others besides the old white summer Roses
should be retained. There is the Centifolia, or Cab-
bage Rose, so unfortunately named, which is yet a
model for form and fragrance ; there is the common
Sweet Brier, with its bright orange-red heps— not a
flower for florists truly, but how attractive to the
artist, how full of inspiration to the poet, how grateful
to all who are pleased by fragrance 1 For bright
yellow shades, we yet look to the old Austrian Roses,
so-called, Harrison's and Persian Yellow. Then what
is more charming than the Moss Roses ? What
bouquet more beautiful than loose branches of the
Gracilis, the common and crested Moss Roses ?
The Charles Lawson, Coupe d'Hebe, Paul Ricaut,
and some others of the old summer kinds are also
very useful as pillar Roses ; they have nearly every-
thing that makes a Rose valuable, save the property
of blossoming more than once. It must also be re-
membered that the old Roses were not alone such as
bloomed in June only. Agrippina, Edward Des-
fosses, Hermosa, Souvenir de la Malmaison, Aimee
Vibert, Lamarque, Solfalerre, Bon Silfene, Bougere,
Devoniensis, Flavescens, Madame de Vatry, Niphe-
tos, Odorata, Safrano, Triomphe de Luxembourg are
members of the Bengal, Bourbon, Noisette, and Tea
families, introduced more than forty years ago, and in
none of these groups has any great advance been
made. Certainly many beautiful and distinct varie-
ties have since been introduced, but the improvement
in quality of these classes has been slight as com-
pared to the advance made by the introduction of new
groups.
Roses of the present, as compared with those of the
past, are superior by reason of the introduction of
groups that are hardy, or nearly so, and that blossom
at intervals and continuously through the summer and
autumn. We remember the great interest awakened
by the varieties sent out by Laffay, such as Madame
Laffay, Mrs. Elliott, and a few years after. La Reine.
The two former have nearly disappeared from cultiva-
tion ; but La Reine is still much grown, and, like
the General Jacqueminot, Victor Verdier, and Jules
Margottin, has been the progenitor of most of the
hardy Roses cultivated at this day.
It would astonish the uninitiated to learn the
number, not only of those who propagate plants for
sale, but those who are engaged in the production of
new varieties from seed. Strange to say, the raising
of new Roses has been done successfully only in
France and England. Italy and Germany have
accomplished almost nothing in this line, although
the climate of those countries is as favourable for the
purpose as that of the other two ; but in this they only
follow the general line of horticultural progress, for
Italy and Germany have produced few varieties of
European fruits that are valuable. America has
originated more fruits of high quality than any other
country, but her contributions to the list of good
Roses, though larger than those of Italy and Germany,
fall far short of what they should be. With an extent
of territory that gives greater variation of climate and
soil than is to be found in any other country, it must be
that America will yet produce her share of fine Roses,
With the year 1842 appeared the Baronne Prevost,
which is now the oldest type among hybrid perpetual
Roses. It is not a numerous class, and is of much
less importance to us than many others, but we can
well imagine what pleasure it gave when it was intro-
duced to the rosarians of that day. The flowers are
very large and full, flat in form, quite fragrant, and in
colour same shade of rose. It is the most hardy
type we have. The only varieties commonly grown
are Boieldieu, Colonel de Rougemont, and Madame
Boll.
The Gi5neral Jacqueminot, the head of what is now
considered the most valuable type, made its bow in
1S52, to an admiring world, clad in rich crimson
livery. It still commands respect and admiration, and
marshalled under its generalship is the army of dark
Roses which so excite and please our senses by their
charms and loveliness. This family probably origin-
ated from the old hybrid China, Gloire des Roso-
manes ; they are moderately hardy, but less so than
those of the Baronne Prevost, Jules Margottin, and
La Reine types. The flowers are invariably shades
of red and crimson, generally highly perfumed, freely
produced in the spring, but varying greatly as to their
autumnal bloom. As a group they are much more
shy in the autumn than any of the others. It is now
the most numerous of the groups, due to the fact that
popular taste inclines more to crimson than to light-
coloured Roses.
In 1853 Jules Margottin, of Bourge-la-Reine, near
Paris, sent out a fine Rose, which he called after him-
self. Though he has been raising seedling Roses ever
since none of them has quite come up in worth to his
namesake, the flowers of which are large in size, very
full, somewhat flat in shape, in shades of rose and
carmine, and almost without perfume. They are
generally free in the autumn, are very hardy, though
September 22, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
375
as a rule diflicult of propagation from cuttings, but
make very vigorous plants when budded.
The Duke of Edinburgh is the only English Rose
which may be regarded as the founder of a family.
The (lowers are inclined to be thinner in petal than
those of the Jacqueminot type, rather smaller, burn
much more quickly in the sun, and are not constant
in autumn. It is a very beautiful group when grown
in a moist, cool climate ; but there are few of the
members that will do well under our hot sun.
Baroness Rothschild is the typical representative of
a small but very beautiful group, the very aristocracy
of Roses. It is not a new Rose, but its merits have
not been recognised till within a few years. Now that
the florists have finally taken it for winter forcing it
is becoming well known, but it will always command
comparatively high prices. Twelve and fifteen dollars
for a dozen blooms have been the prices during the
winter months. Mabel Morrison, Merveille de Lyon,
and White Baroness, are three white Roses of the
type that are to-day the special sensation of the Rose
world. They have the same short-jointed stems,
with the beautiful foliage closely set under the blooms,
that are a characteristic and pleasing feature of the
parent. Mabel Morrison is the only one of the white
trio which is likely to be seen in any number for
some time to come ; the others are but just out, and
florists will use all the wood the plants make for pro-
pagating. Three white hardy varieties of such high
rank as these may well e.xcite the enthusiasm of all
who grow Roses.
All of the families of Roses so far discussed are
members of the hybrid remontant or hybrid per-
petual class, certainly the most important of the many
groups of Roses now cultivated ; but there are others
of modern origin, which have also strong claims on
our attention, the oldest of which is the hybrid
Noisette family, that may be divided into two
sections. The original variety, Madame Recamier,
was sent out by Lacharme in 1853. Nothing more
is known of the origin of this sort, other than that
one of the parents is supposed to have been a Noisette
Rose. Belonging to this type are Mademoiselle
Bonnaire, Madame Noman, Eliza Boelle, and
Madame Oswald de Kerchove. The flowers are of
medium size, and of circular, very beautiful form.
Though devoid of fragrance, the flowers are freely
produced from June throughout the summer ; for
which reason these varieties are to be valued as most
charming acquisitions on our list of white or light-
tinted Roses.
Gloire de Dijon was sent out in 1S53. In its habit
of growth it showed itself distinct from .all others,
and it has become the head of a class known as
climbing Teas. When the plant has once become
established it is of vigorous growth, and has long
been a favourite as a pillar Rose, both for conserva-
tories and in favourable situations out-of-doors. Its
parentage is not known, but I believe it must have
originated from a natural cross between a Bourbon
and a Tea-scented Noisette Rose.
The most v.aluable type of Rose since General
Jacqueminot is the hybrid Tea. The original of this
new race is La France, introduced in lS6g by Guillot,
of Lyons. This was raised from the seed of a Tea
Rose, but is entirely distinct from all Tea-scented
kinds. In colour it is a soft silvery rose, delicately
tinged with a faint shade of lilac ; in its fragrance a
most delightful combination of the Provence and Tea
perfumes. It blooms perpetually, the end of each
shoot always carrying a flower-bud, and these shoots
constantly pushing forth. In these three qualities, so
essential to a perfect Rose, it has scarcely any equal,
and solely by its intrinsic merits has now gained a
popularity shared by few or none other of its sister-
hood.
{To he coiitimted)
Gathering Caoutchouc in Equatorial
America.— The tapping of the trees they h>id dis-
covered was being actively carried on. The adven-
turers, clad in ragged pantaloons, the body naked,
were behaving like demons under the supervision of
their chief round the gigantic Figs (Ficus), whose bark
they were tearing olT by slashing it with their hatchets.
The operation reminded me of the process of gather-
ing resin in the Landes of Gascony. But here,
instead of zinc cups to receive the resinous juice the
catuhcros placed Heliconia leaves, on which the
precious latex flowed, white as milk. The liquid was
collected and poured into calabashes {/oUunas), where
it soon coagulated and formed caoutchouc, ready to
be packed and exported. EJ. Andre, " Li Tour dti
AfondCj^' p, 399.
J4o|VIE j^ORREgPOJMDJEJMCE.
The Apple Show at Chiswick.— I am glad to
hear that the fruit show is to be carried out. Such an
cxhibilion of fruit, held at Chiswick, will be one of the
most attractive and useful of all the exhibitions ever
held at that famous centre of horticulture. It is many
years since we have had such a fine crop of hardy
fruit, so that there is an abundance of material in the
country to make a large and interesting show. Of
course the show should include eatable fruit of every
description in a fresh state, grown either under pro-
tection or in the open air, at home or abroad ; but
Apples and Pears would naturally form the chief
feature of the show. With the tine collection of
these grown at Chiswick, and the other excellent
facilities which Chiswick atYords for the comparison
and correct naming of fruits, I think that such a show
at the present lime would be highly instructive,
especially to gardeners and those who grow fruit for
market, and I know that the kind of information
which such a show can give is very much wanted.
In Scotland we have a great crop of fine fruit of
Apples and Pears, and no doubt proper contributions
will be sent to it from this side of the Tweed, Hot-
house fruit — Grapes, at least — would also be contributed
in force, if the show is held within the next six weeks.
North Briton. [Apples alone are to be exhibited. Ed.]
Hardy Wall-Shrubs for the Year. — I am
attempting to make a trustworthy list of shrubs
suitable for growing on the south and west walls of an
English house in any but the most exposed situa-
tions ; and shall be much obliged if you will allow
me to ask your readers to help me. My object
is to get the true names, not of novelties, but of well
established favourite plants. I hope to discover two
or three such plants for every month in the year,
but have found it difficult to meet with what I want
for the months printed below in capital letters — viz.,
February, July, October and November — because I
purposely exclude those plants whose attraction resides
in their foliage, berries, or catkins. I therefore ven-
ture to ask your readers' kind and careful assistance in
enlarging, or correcting, the following list : —
Name.
Month of
Flowering.
Colour of
Bloom.
If sweet-
scented.
Chimonanthus fragrans gran-
diflorus
January
Yellow
Yes
Jasminum nudiflorum
February
Yellow
No
Magnolia conspicua . .
March
White
?
Wistaria sinensis alba
April
White
Yes
Wei^ela rosea
May
Rose
Yes
Jasminum revolutum
Juae
Yellow
Yes
Jasmine Honeysuckle
„
Say pink
Yes
Clematis coirulea odorata ..
JULV
Blue
Yes
Magnolia grandiflora
August
White
Yes
Jasminum officinale ..
,,
White
Yes
Lonicera Halleana ..
September
White
Yes
Caryopteris Mastacanthus
(Veitch)
OCTOCER
November
Blue
Little
Chimonanthus fragrans gian-
diflarus
December
Yellow
Yes
William H. Sewell, Yaxley Vicarage, Suffulk.
Boltonia indica. — Having received a specimen of
Boltonia indica (lienth.) from Rev. C. W. E)od, under
the name of Aster japonicus, it may be of interest to
those who grow the plant under that name to know
its correct cognomen. The genus Boltonia is readily
distinguished from Aster by its very short pappus,
although Franchet and Savatier, the authors of
Enunuraiio Plaiitaruin Japoniie, disregard this, and
place the Boltonias in Aster ; but the distinction,
being a definite one, is easily seen, and the genus
Aster being already very large, it is perhaps more
convenient to keep Boltonia distinct as a genus.
There is a Boltonia japonica, or Aster japonicus, as
Franchet and Savatier call it, but that is very different
to the plant sent by Mr. Dod under that name,
having cordate, coarsely-toothed leaves ; whereas B.
indica has narrow lanceolate-oblong leaves, the lower
ones toothed or pinnatifid, and the upper ones entire ;
the heads are about \\ inch in diameter, having a
pale lilac ray and yellow disc ; they are disposed in a
la.x open corymb. It is a native of China, japan,
and Java. N. E. Brown. P.S. — Since writing the
above I have received from Mr. Dod a note objecting
to the name of Boltonia indica for the plant he has
under the name of Aster japonicus, at the same time
sending me a plant he grows as B. indica, with the
following remarks:— "I send what I had on very
good authority as Boltonia indica, which is a very
different plant both in habit and appearance from the
Aster japonicus I sent, and which you call Boltonia in-
dica, In fact, the Aster does not seem tome tohave any
Boltonia characters ; the Boltonias have the stalks
leaved to the ground and run at the roots." This is
all very true, and the two plants sent are in appear-
ance very dill'erent, and it is possible may be distinct
species. But those who have studied the forms of
this plant most, and are the best qualified to judge
of their specilic distinctness, all declare them to be
forms of one very variable plant. Another form
differing from that of Mr. Dod is grown at Ivew as
Aster japonicus, and still another, which I am doubt-
ful about, but which may be only an extreme form —
make together three or four forms of this plant all
dill'erent from each other, and not one of them is
identical with the numerous forms ol Boltonia indica
in the Kew herbarium I And yet it only needs a
little examination to convince me that they are either
forms of that species, or distinct and undescribed
species. If the latter view were adopted nearly
all the specimens in the Ivew herbarium would have
to be treated in the same way, as very few of the forms
are alike. This would almost amount to naming indi-
viduals, and would prove worse than useless, as in
the case of Jordan's 200 species concocted out of Draba
verna. A^, E. Broivu.
Chrysanthemum coronarium. — This most use-
ful hardy annual is father known as the new
African Daisy. Last spring I saw in the Gardening
///;«/;'afr</ an advertisement of a new African Daisy,
and in exchange for a few postage stamps I received a
small number of seeds. These were kindly sown by
Mr. Roberts, of Gunnersbury, and the result is — the
single white form of Chrysanthemum coronarium.
Now, seeing that this was introduced from Sicily in
1629, it cannot either be new or African. But all who
got seeds of it under the name of the African Daisy
will, I am sure, be delighted with it, and not a few
will regard it as new, and I have no doubt revere it as
such. It is well-named the Garland Chrysanthemum :
the flowers are single, large, striking, and freely pro-
duced ; in the centre is a kind of button of orange,
round this is a broad well-defined ring of pure gold,
and a broader margin of white. Mr. Roberts is de-
lighted with it for pot culture, and well enough he
might be. I am sorry there is no immediate meeting
of the Floral Committee, as I should show it as
the new African Marguerite, and that would have
obtained a First-class Certificate of Merit. It
deserves it, and if it were only new instead of two
and a half centuries old, we should all rave about it,
I am not at all sure that it is easy to obtain seeds of
the single or original form of C. coronarium ; but let
me advise those that can obtain them to grow these
charming plants. /?. Dean,
Plants at Hay Lodge.— Amongst the many rare
plants at Hay Lodge is a Bromeliad from Quito,
Rhodostachys litoralis, now blossoming for the first
time. The foliage is glaucous, and much recurved.
The flowers are light pink, as is also the flower-
stem and some bracts. The stamens are bright
orange and very large, and give a salmon tint to the
pink flower-head. Androsace grandiflora is also in
blossom, the head of pinkish-white flowers is about
3 inches across. It grows at an elevation of 13,000
feet in Sikkim. Senecio laxiflora has not yet flowered,
nor has Ourisia Colensoi (?), the foliage of which is
Salvia-like. Mimulus prostrata survived the journey
from New Zealand by post. Its growth slightly
resembles that of Nierembergia rivularis, but it has
not yet blossomed. All these plants have been intro-
duced by Mr. Anderson-Henry, and amongst the
numerous hybrids raised by him is a Campanula,
C. intermedia x C. Alioni, in.which the perennial
nature of the latter has been preserved. Another
hybrid, Pleroma sarmentosa x Lasiandra Fontanesia,
flowered lor the first time this autumn, though the
seed was sown in 1S70. The foliage is very hairy,
and the flowers (which are of intermediate size
between those of the two species) are dark purple.
C. M. 0.
Verbenas at the Chiswick Gardens.— A most
effective and satisfactory trial of Verbenas was made
this season at the Chiswick Gardens. Mr. Barron
had managed to get together a good representative
collection, and it enabled visitors to estimate the value
of the leading varieties for bedding purposes. It
must not be supposed for a moment that we have
done with the Verbena as a bedding plant ; some of
the most charming beds seen at Chiswick were those
formed of Verbenas. Recently these beds were in-
spected by the Floral Committee and the result was
the granting of First-class Certificates to the following
varieties : — Beethoven, bright magenta-rose, very fine
pip and truss, a variety that keeps its colour well,
excellent spreading habit, and very fine ; Marion
Baker, brilliant cerise flushed with red, white eye,
very fine pip and truss, and capital habit, a bold
and showy bedder ; R. F. Schule, a variety that
opens bright cerise-rose paling to pink, large
white eye, fine truss, and good habit ; F'aust, opens
scarlet and changes to deep reddish-cerise, good
pip and truss, and an excellent bedder ; and Swanley
37 S
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883.'
Gem, a variety that opens pure white, heavily flaked
with pale purple, and with age changes to grey flushed
with crimson, very fine pip and truss, and good habit.
Other fine varieties were : — Mrs. Trollope, rich crim-
son, with pale eye,' very fine pip and truss; King of
Verbenas, rich carmine-rose, changing to deep pink,
pip and truss both fine ; Simon Krauser, very rich
scarlet, large white eye, fine in colour ; Lady of Lome,
white, purple eye, a good old variety ; Regalia, bright
red, changing with age to rosy-red, fine pip and truss ;
Dr. Feyntier, deep shaded crimson-maroon, almost
black, fine pip and truss ; Basilisk, brilliant scarlet,
very fine ; Earl of Beaconsfield, bright red, large white
centre, fine and showy ; Annie Ford, flesh colour,
with pale rosy centre, or broad rose eye, very fine pip
and truss ; Lustrous, brilliant red, white eye, very
fine, bold and showy ; Sir Garnet Wolseley, pale
purple, white eye ; Lady of Langleybury, a charming
purple and white striped variety, a sport from the old
Purple King ; Hampton Court Crimson, bright red,
dwarf, very free, an excellent bedder ; Purple Emperor,
deep purple-crimson, noticeable for its colour ; Me-
lindres splendens, a charming small-flowered variety,
very showy indeed, and with a close creeping growth ;
Blue Beauty, deep blue, noticeable for its colour; Victor
Emanuel, pale magenta, very good ; Eclipse, bright
crimson, an excellent bedder ; La Grande Boule de
Neige, pure white, one of the best of this colour ;
Nemesis, bright crimson, very good ; Lord Cranbrook,
brilliant red, very fine and showy ; Blue Boy, bright
purple-blue ; Nero, bright lilac, dashed with purple ;
and Swanley Striped, white, flaked and striped with
bright red, very good. It must not be supposed that
of all the foregoing varieties only the five first given
were worthy of First-class Certificates, for to not a
few of the remainder Certificates have been awarded
during the past few years. But it does appear as if
there had been of late something like a pause in the
production of new varieties. The work carried out
so well for many years by the late C. J, Perry, H.
Eckford, and Keynes & Co., and more recently by
Mr. Mould, of Devizes, seems now to be left undone
in this country ; though Mr. W. H. Stacey, of Dun-
mow, brought up to a recent meeting some cut blooms
of new seedling varieties, to a few of which First-
class Certificates of Merit were awarded. Occasion-
ally a new variety finds its way to this country from the
Continent. Of late years the Verbena has fallen a great
deal mto disuse as a bedding plant. Carpet-bedding
has driven from the flower-garden many a useful flower,
but who can condemn a system of gardening that
looks so charming in late summer, when many flower-
beds have grown shabby and almost flowerless ? But
where flowers are still used, beds of mixed Verbenas
are as satisfactory as any. They are singularly bright
and effective, and last a long while. Some gardeners
have ceased to propagate Verbenas, and instead pur-
chase seeds in colour, and raise their own plants. It
is worthy of notice how true Verbenas will come to
colour from seeds sold in varieties, but the seedlings
are generally of strong growth, and better adapted for
large than for small beds. Propagated plants do not
grow so freely as seedlings, and though it can scarcely
be said they are freer of bloom, they are earlier
generally in flowering. Some day, and perhaps at no
distant date, the Verbena will again be generally used
in flower gardening arrangements. It is something
then to have a collection maintained, and it is this
good work Mr. Barron performs at Chiswick. The
best varieties of the past ten years can be found there ;
and any new forms can thus be fully tested. The
time has almost passed when the merits of new Ver-
benas should be appraised from cut specimens only.
Habit of growth is a matter of the first importance, as
the Verbena has pretty well ceased to be a florist's
flower for exhibition purposes. R* D.
Hybrid Rhododendron. — The Rhododendron
figured in the Gardeners^ CJu-onide last week was
raised by the late Mr. Standish, from whom we
obtained it as a seedling from Aucklandii. Anthony
IVaterer.
Amaryllis Belladonna. — Already plants of this
very chaste and beautiful Lily are fast pushing up
their flowers, and fine they always are when we get a
good autumn, as they can then expand without being
knocked about and damaged by wind and wet, the
combined influence of which soon spoils their beauty.
The best place I have ever found to grow them is
close along the front wall of a stove or other warm
house, facing south, as there they flower earlier
through making a more forward growth owing to the
warmth they get through the bricks, which is also the
means of keeping frost out of the ground, and pre-
serving the bulbs from taking any harm during the
winter. To render them quite safe at that season, the
border in which it is intended to plant them should be
drained by having a layer of broken brick-bats in the
bottom at about a yard deep, and if these are covered
with long manure the interstices between will be
kept open for a very long time. The soil best adapted
to grow Belladonna Lilies in is that which is light,
sandy, and rich ; and if they are well watered once or
twice while making their foliage it will be a great
help towards enabling the bulbs to form plenty of
blooms. % S.
New Zealand Veronicas. — The following are
amongst the many Veronicas introduced by Mr. I.
Anderson-Henry, and now growing at Hay Lodge,
Edinburgh : — V. amplexicaulis, V. cataractse, V.
chathamica, V. diosmrefolia, V. Haastii (a rare species
even in New Zealand), V. Kirkii, V. Lewisii, V,
lEevis, V. macrantha, V. odora, V. pimeleoides {very
distinct, Pimelea-like foliage), V. Raoullii, V. epacri-
dea (?), V. lycopodioides, V. salicornioides. The
foliage of the last two species is most singular, far
more like that of Conifers than Veronicas. A bed of
V. salicornioides in the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens
is like a mass of dwarf bright green Conifers of the
Dacrydiura type, and not of pyramidal habit ; it shows
that the plant is an effective one as a "foliage plant "
as well as a botanical curiosity. The microscopic
structure of the wood of this species shows the punc-
tated discs characteristic of the Coniferse. It (as well
as several others of these species) has not yet flowered
since its introduction several years ago. C. M. Owen,
Serapias cordigera. — It may interest some of your
readers to know that this Orchid, so well figured in
last week's edition, as well as Orchis stabiana men-
tioned by your correspondents Messrs. Dammann &
Co., have both stood our past winter with impunity
and also flowered well during the present season. They
were planted amongst a collection of our native Orchids
and received no protection whatever, save a slight
covering of Spruce branches during frosty weather.
The species of Serapias are well worthy of attention,
and may be easily grown in good loamy soil with the
addition of a little lime or chalk. The different species
and varieties are beautifully illustrated in Barla's
Iconographie des Orchidces. Orchis stabiana is also a
beautiful and interesting plant, with dark or olive-
green leaves, tinged with pink or red, the flowers
resembling a form of O. maculata, not at all uncom-
mon in this district. The white form mentioned by
your correspondent I have not seen. A, D, Webster^
Llandegaij Bangor,
The Chiswick Apple Show. — I should like to
suggest that in connection with the proposed Apple
show in the Great Vinery at Chiswick next month,
the Floral and Fruit Committees should for once, and
in honour of the show, also meet there. Surely, to
be on their own ground is better than to be the slaves
of the Fisheries Commissioners, and to be ordered
from pillar to post as is convenient. If the Council
would determine to have their winter meetings at
Chiswick, I think eventually they would have good
reason to believe they had done the right thing.
Pomona,
Potatos : Protective Moulding. — Having some
few weeks back, through the medium of your columns,
expressed a doubt regarding the benefit likely to
accrue from protective moulding, and at the same
time stating with reference thereto that "we should
be able to speak with more certainty a few weeks
hence," it is not unreasonable to expect that many
of those who are interested in the matter have already
begun to think there is something more due from
me on the subject. I have now simply to say that
we have given the protective moulding method what
we consider to have been a fair and impartial trial,
with the result that we have failed to discover its
utility or to find out where the advantages are which
have been claimed for it. At the beginning of the
planting season, 10 perches of land were marked out
and planted with the same variety in rows 3 feet
apart, one half being treated in the ordinary way,
and the other half in accordance with the proposals
as set forth in the Gardeners' Chronicle, xviii., p. 38.
We have just lifted the crop, which I am pleased to
say is in all respects a satisfactory one ; of diseased
tubers, however, the percentage was about the same
under each system of culture. My own opinion is that
this nostrum will live only for a very short time in this
country, and where labour is not over-abundant one
years' experience will be quite sufficient to condemn
it. J. Horsefield^ Heyiesbiiry,
Hyacinths. — While at Haarlem, in the spring, I
noticed as being very fine the following Hyacinths,
which may be of use to those of your readers now
thinking oi procuring bulbs. Very dark blue. Uncle
Tom and Henry Barclay ; light blue. Sir William
Mansfield and John Bright. Uncle Tom and John
Bright are cheap varieties, and nothing could give a
greater contrast than adjoining beds of these two.
The four varieties are distinct shades of blue.
At Mr. Barnaarts extensive bulb growing esta-
blishment at Vogelenzang, they are very highly
thought of. Among the reds. Lord Macaulay seemed
to be the most grown. The premier place among the
whites varies in successive seasons. Mr. Ittersum, of
Vogelenzang, gave his vote this year for La Grande
Blancbisseuse, the beds of which were truly magnifi-
cent ; but outsiders must not be critics, for every sort
seemed magnificent — to use a provincialism, we were
" wholly struck." C, A. M, Carmichael^ Henky-in-
Arden,
A Variegated Onion.— A pretty variegated form
of Onion comes from our valued correspondent, Mr.
Culverwell, of Thorpe Perrow, in which the markings
of cream stripes, longitudinally arranged on the
healthy green leaves, are rather curious features in
this genus, in which we find but few departures from
normal structure and colour. The odour will not
permit its use in the flower garden, but there need
be no scruple to use it in the spring salad bowl, to
which the variegated leaf may be an acquisition, that
is, of course, premising it comes true from seed. M.
Gloxinias in 60-sized Pots. — Those who are
in the habit of attending provincial flower shows must
admit that Gloxinias are often among the least
worthy of exhibition plants. They are often over-
potted, the foliage weak, not unfrequently badly
infested with red-spider, the flowers poor and
sparingly produced ; and yet one meets also with
many illustrations of the fact, that Gloxinias can be
and are most successfully grown and flowered in
small pots. When Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of
Reading, set up at the Sandhurst Show, held recently,
their extremely interesting stand of flowers, a number
of charming Gloxinias in small pots was a great
centre of attraction. These were selected from the
large collection they grow in their nurseries at
Reading, where can be seen, all through the summer
and up to the middle of September, hundreds of
plants in 60-pots, in rude health, with grandly
developed leaves, and bearmg ten and twelve splendid
flowers. We have seen them in April and again six
months after, the van and the rear of a long pro-
cession with one uniform splendid quality running
through them, massive flowers, as fine in form
as they are brilliant and varied in colour.
The fact is, Gloxinias may be had in bloom almost all
the year round by judicious management. They con-
form to the quick system admirably, as they are very
easily raised from seed, and make a really beautiful
display for very little trouble. The time for named
Gloxinias is well nigh past. Cultivators are finding
out that excellent varieties eome from good strains of
seed, and seedlings are, there is no doubt, much more
vigorous in growth than propagated plants. How is
it that one sees at Reading such finely-grown and
successfully - flowered plants? it may be asked.
Simply because the plants are diligently cared for
from the time the seed is sown until the plants flower.
There are no secrets of the cultural process, and
nothing requiring to be hidden. At Reading the seed
is sown very early in the year, and by means of suc-
cessional batches the Gloxinia is had in flower for a
considerable period. The seedlings rapidly form
strong, healthy plants, and from sowings in February
and March flowering bulbs that produce their blos-
soms in July are obtained, as well as in August and
September. A sowing made in July gives young
plants to flower the following spring, but they
require to be tenderly cared for during the
winter. There is this advantage about raising
seedlings, that the grower gets a great variety
of colour : at Reading it is the practice to carefully
fertilise all the best flowers, the result being, that
not only is a variety observable in the progeny, but
a high standard of quality is also obtained.
Gloxinia seed germinates rapidly in a brisk heat,
and the plants so get large enough to prick off into
store pots. The best soil for the Gloxinia is a light
compost made up of fibrous loam with a little peat
and silver sand. This is well suited for the young
plants ; and at a later stage it is better on the whole
to apply some fertiliser like Clay's, or give manure-
water, than to mix in with the soil manure that may
prove deleterious, or contain the spawn or bodies of
noxious insects. The best specimen Gloxinias we
ever saw were treated to manure-water twice a week.
Some growers fail by exposing their plants to too
much sunshine, or by keeping them in too dry an
atmosphere. The Gloxinia is a shade-loving plant ;
and at no time should it suffer from drought. A
moist, damp atmosphere, with the temperature about
60" to 65*, is just suited to the well-being
and fine development of the Gloxinia, but they may
be grown with success either in a greenhouse,
or in a pit heated with hot water or manure.
The treatment of Gloxinias after they have done
flowering is one of some moment. We have seen
plants stood by on a hot dry shelf, and there neglected,
and allowed to become quite dried up. This is a
barbarous course of treatment. When they have done
flowering water should be given sparingly but suffi-
ciently, and as soon as signs of decay in the leaves
present themselves the plants need to be placed in a
light airy position, where by a gradual reduction of
moisture the leaves will fall off gradually. The plan
adopted at Reading of laying the pots on their sides
under the stage of the house, where the plants die off
very gradually, is a good one, and answers well.
I
September 22, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
377
When the roots are finally shaken out of the pots, the
best mode o( keeping them through the winter is a
matter of moment. It is well to bury them in dry
cocoa-nut fibre and peat, in equal parts, which tends
to keep the bulbs plump without exciting them into
growth ; and keep the receptacle containing them in
a temperature of about 50°. By-and-bye it is an easy
matter to select a few ol what appears to be the most
forward of the bulbs, pot them, and grow them on for
early flowering. Ji, D,
Fuchsia Madame Cornellisen. — This, if my
memory serves me rightly, was one of the while-
petalled Fuchsias, and used to be a great favourite,
which position it still deserves, for though it may
have been beaten by others of the same class lor pot
culture and exhibition purposes, it is quite unrivalled
as a bedder, as it is very floriferous, and stands well
erect, showing ofl' its numerous light, elegant pen-
dulous blossoms to the greatest advantage. In a
cabbage garden near here there is a huge bush, the
plant having stood there for years, and is every
summer and autumn a fine sight, for though it gels
killed to the ground every winter, it breaks and
comes up again, and forms quite a shrub, clothed in
the gayest of sheen. Not only is it valuable for
either beds or borders, but it is a capital winter
bloomer, and to have plants in at that season, it is
only necessary to give them a little rest towards the
autumn by keeping them partially dry for a time, and
then to start them on again by gentle moist heat,
soon after which they will begin flowering again as
freely as ever. 7- •^•
Tap-Root Pruning of Old Pear Trees.— I
sent you a note last October, in which I men-
tioned a tree of Beurre Ranee Pear which was
then bearing twenty dozen splendid fruit upon it, the
second year after tap-root pruning. Allow me to
chronicle the success of this the third year after root-
pruning. The tree set forty-three dozen this spring,
I reduced the number to thirty dozen, and from the
general appearances of the fruit, and the healthy look
of the tree, the fruit is likely to finish well. I may
say that the tree is now 36 feet long instead of 33 feet,
as last year, with a crop of breastwood as well
every year. Robert Smithy Kenward Gardens^
Vaidin^, Maidstone,
Lapagerias. — Thinking you would, perhaps, like
to hear further concerning my Lapageria, recently
referred to, I have sent you two trusses, one of
the alba and one of the rubra superba. On the
former I counted ninety trusses of five to ten
blooms each. It is also showing many more, in
various stages, and will continue blooming until the
middle of January, I enclose a photograph, which
will give you an idea of its beauty, although it fails to
convey an adequate idea of its grandeur. At the
extreme end of the house is a plant of the rubra
superba Ijearing some forty trusses or more, with an
average of six or seven blooms each, the dark flowers
of which are scarcely visible in the photograph. The
sticks on the right hand side represent a portion of
the young stock now ready to be taken ofT. R, H.
Vertegans, Chad Valley, Birmingham.
Rhus Cotinus.— Of all deciduous shrubs this, I
think, is one of the most handsome, its lovely, bright,
feathery plumes being conspicuous from a long dis-
tance, and so ornamental and glowing that they quite
light up a place. To bury plants of it up among
others is a great mistake, as half their beauty is lost,
and the more sun and exposure they get the more
colour the inflorescence assumes. Planted in the
centres of beds, or on lawns, they produce a charming
effect, and may easily be kept to a small size and
compact shape by occasionally pruning them. The
time to plant is as soon as the leaves fall, and if
moved then plants will get good hold before winter
sets in, and by making roots easily will be able to
start strong in the spring, y. S.
Bedding Dahlias. — It was on the evening of the
3d inst. — the day succeeding the wind storm that
passed over our southern counties — that I dropped
into the Slough Nursery to have a look at Mr.
Turner's truly splendid collection of Dahlias. It was
a bad time for a visit, for the hurricane had played
havoc with the blooms, and just then it was
difficult to find many that were worthy of mention.
But the giants of the Dahlia family had less interest
for me than had the dwarfs, although in relation to
average height nothing is more striking than is the
immense improvement in habit seen in nearly all the
show varieties, most of them carrying their fine
blooms on plants not exceeding 3 feet in height. But
whilst the big flowered kinds had suffered for the
time from the storm, the dwarf branchy bedding
kinds seemed absolutely proof against external in-
fluences. Talk about pegging down Dahlias, the
labour is worse than thrown away upon the taller
kinds, when such dwarf, compact habited kinds can
be had so much better fitted for the purpose, which
Mr. Turner has selected and classed as bedders.
The shortest of these, carrying very showy heads
of flowers, medium in size, and good double
form, held on stilf stems, erect, just above the
foliage were about iS inches in height, and the
bean ideal of effective bedding plants for large
beds. Others ranged up to 34 feet, and keeping
these for the centre, or a back row, there were of
intermediate kinds enough to give a truly beautiful
and well graded mass of flowers. It was for the
purpose of note taking, unfortunate that I was, at the
nursery after the usual hours of labour, and the stock
book, containing the names of the various kinds of
Dahlias had been locked up. Still I think I am
correct in calling a charming little scarlet-flowered
bedder as Rising Sun, and a more perfect kind for
the margin of a Dahlia bed could not be found. It
was just iS inches in height, and full of bloom. Then
but a mere trifle taller came Mont Blanc, and a remark-
ably free and striking white kind, just fitted to come
behind the scarlet and show up its rich hues by com-
parison. Surely the 2 feet high free blooming purple
kind is the old Selinda which is so effective ; this
kind should come into the third row, and behind that
Cloth of Gold, a bright yellow-flowered kind that is
just about 24 feet in height, and wondrously free to
bloom. Next comes Little Wonder, a bright red
form full of life and colour, and sixth I placed Flora
Macdonald, 3 feet in height, and full of bloom of a
pale primrose-yellow hue. From amongst the
pompon kinds it would have been easy to select
several that flower most freely, and, not least im-
portant, carry their l.)looms erect with marked effect.
A light purple and a good red kind, Nos. 354 and
397 respectively, were capital examples. If some of
those who are just now a little crazed over the use of
single Dahlias as bedders would but give a trial to
the kinds named above, they would be more than
pleased, for truly they are all first-rate for bedding
purposes. A. D.
Novelties in Nomenclature. —At p. 305 you
note some "novelties in nomenclature;" you will
find the enclosed card well to the front in this direc-
tion. We receive from a commission agent in Covent
Garden regular supplies of " Stiffer Notice " (Stepha-
notis). Last spring we had one morning twelve
bunches of " Sacrament ; " on unpacking the box
we found Cyclamens the only article to correspond
with the invoice. At present we are frequently
in receipt from the same source of "white
Lapergerias." Some time ago we were asked by a
gentleman in the South if we could supply a plant,
the name of which he had received from his gardener,
but which he had failed to find in any nurseryman's
catalogue— viz., the "Oyer Beller." Not long ago
we were shown a copy of a name on a label attached
to a plant in a gentleman's greenhouse, " Rinkum
sparum Jessie Mindes." The plant was found to be
Rhynchospermum jasminoides. T. &^ Co.
Single Dahlias. — The tendency with raisers of
these, and the taste of a certain portion of the public,
is for big flowers, which I think is a great mistake, and
should be discouraged by the committees and censors
they come before for the purpose of being certificated
or adjudicated for prizes, as there is quite as much, or
more, beauty in small blooms, which are, moreoveJ, by
far the best and most elegant for cutting to put up in
vases — a purpose for which these light single Dahlias are
specially adapted, and for which they are likely to be
very much grown. To get them the size of Sunflowers
or plates may be easy enough, and no doubt such
monsters will have their admirers, and they may even be
sported in the buttonholes of some professed esthetics,
whose ideas seem to run on large things and loud
colours ; but what is wanted for the ornamentation of
our borders and the embellishment of rooms is flowers
that will stand out without being torn and disfigured
by a little wind, and that do not look massive or
obtrusive and vulgar within. Dahlias, being autumn
bloomers, are much subjected to the weather, which,
as is well known, is often unsettled and wet at that
season, and it is only small, stout blossoms that bear
the least chance of escaping uninjured. The way
single Dahlias sport and vary from seed is surprising,
and with so many being raised in that manner there
will be no end to the variety to select from, and to
get a number of choice sorts is only a question of
time. Scarlets of all shades are abundant, and seed
saved from Paragon produces nearly all of these
colours. I hope soon to see a race of semi-doubles
after the style of Juarezi and Glare of the Garden, as
they would be fine decorative subjects if free-bloom-
ing, and would be far more lasting, as they would not
drop their petals in the quick way the single ones do,
which is owing to the multitude of anthers and the
abundance of pollen worked on by the bees. J. S.
Chrysanthemum Society. — I am glad that the
establishment of a national Chrysanthemum Society is
proposed, seeing that the varieties of this flower bloom
naturally for six months in the year, mostly through
the darkest and dullest season, when flowers are more
appreciated and welcomed, and certainly most needed.
I have often judged at the Brixton Ilill show, which I
assisted to establish, and which is considered a model
society, and where for twenty years or more the cry has
been, " We have not room enough !" I have often
thought this must be the best and certainly the most
convenient time for gardeners to attend and hold a
show. There is more leisure at this dull season-
work is not going on with such rapidity as at other
seasons in the garden. Young gardeners, I believe,
can obtain more benefit at the Chrysanthemum shows
than at any other ; and again, these productions
brought before employers are then of double value.
If I am not mistaken, much good would be
achieved from the formation of a head or central
body of practical men to assist the provincial
societies, which are springing up all over the United
Kingdom, from Aberdeen to Cornwall. On the Con-
tinent they are also exhibiting on a large scale. At
Utrecht, Holland, the great city of scholars, the
Chrysanthemum show is one of the fetes of the year.
Further, and what is most necessary, out of the many
hundred varieties reliable nomenclature is sadly want-
ing. Sports, and the confusion of names, are subjects
which ought to be dealt with. In my opinion a
national society is much needed, and the sooner it
is established the better, with a committee to
compile and issue an official catalogue of the best
sorts, on a similar basis to that of the Rose Society. I
have great pleasure in enclosing a cheque for three
guineas as my mite towards forwarding and attain-
ing that object. I also send you a bunch of blooms,
with names affixed, ol the varieties now in flower,
and also some dried blooms which are past, to show
that the Chrysanthemum does flower in July and
August, and now forms one of the most important
groups of decorative plants that we possess ; and
every year new varieties show how they are develop-
ing into some new form or a wider range of flower-
ing. We are sadly in want of a leader. On the
Continent the highest slate ofticials throw in their
aid to assist horticulture, and both the King and
Queen of the Belgians lend their sanction in a
way that if the same could be done in England
our many empty tables would be made to groan
with the weight of the choicest productions of
our land. Henry Caniiell, Swanley. [With this we
received a cheque for ^^3 31 , which we shall be happy
to hand over to the treasurer, when duly sppointed.
We have received several other letters advocating the
formation of a Chrysanthemum Society, and suggest-
ing that the Borough of Hackney Society should be
reconstituted and extended so as to form the central
society desired. Ed.]
Herbaceous Phloxes. — How grand these have
been this year ! — the weather all through the early
part of the season having just suited them, as, besides
being cool, we had frequent rain, and Phloxes grew
strong and sent up towering stems that have borne
fine heads of bloom. Some plants I saw in Mr.
Gilbert's nursery at Ipswich the other day were from
5 to 6 feet high, and though past their best they bore
the impress of beauty still on them, and showed what
fine decorative subjects they are when planted in
ground or situations that suit them. Where they
do best is in moist deep soils, and they also pay well
for a good mulching of dung and frequent soakings
of sewage, as they are gross feeders, and make a great
many roots that ramify wide. To have fine heads
Phloxes require frequent dividing or thinning of the
shoots, and young plants will always be found to be
the most vigorous. The time to propagate is in
spring, when the young growths are about 3 to 4 inches
long, which, if taken off and inserted in sharp sandy
soil and kept close under a handlight or frame, soon
root, and may then be planted out where they are
wanted to bloom. 7. ■5'.
Tricyrtis hirta. — The enclosed flower is grown
at Messrs. Ireland & Thompson's nursery, near
Edinburgh. The plants seem as yet too young
to judge much of their habit, but the flower
is strikrag from its resemblance at first sight to
a small Passion-flower. It has, however, but six
perianth divisions, white, thickly spotted with lilac,
with a bright orange spot at the base of each division.
Six thick filaments, and the three large reflexed divi-
sions of the pistil, are also spotted with lilac, these
divisions being fringed with glandular hairs. The
stem is hairy, and the leaves are simple, sharply
pointed, and somewhat woolly. The blossoms are in
the axil of the amplexicaul leaf, on peduncles about
half an inch long, and at the base of the latter are
very small bracts. In the same nursery are various
kinds of Nepenthes, well grown and well pitchered,
including one or two hybrid seedlings raised here. A
very fine plant of Sarracenia purpurea remained out-
of-doors through last winter, in a northern aspect,
close to one of the stoves. The pot is plunged in a
pan of sphagnum, and covered with a bell-glass.
Several other insectivorous plants are grown here,
but not out-of-doors. There are some very effective
Aroids; Anthurium Veitchii has leaves between 3
feet and 34 feet long, and almost perpendicular in
378
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
September 22, 1883,
their habit of growth all round the pot. Anthurium
Andreanum is also very well grown, and A.
cristallinum, Alocasiametallica, and Alocasia Thibau-
tiana. In contrast to these, as foliage plants, is a
finely cut Fern, Gymnogramma schizophylla, and
Asparagus plumosa nana, the latter a great improve-
ment on the type. Croton Thompsoni raised here
is very good. Impatiens Sultani is flowering well,
as is also the bright red Tropteolum Eothwell
Castle Gem, which, as a climbing plant, under
glass, is very effective. X.
Eucharis.— In reply to "H. A. G.'s" query in
last week's issue — "Can the same bulb be made to
flower more than once in a season ? " — I say, un-
doubtedly it can, and that without any extra treat-
ment, for early in February last I potted up some
bulbs which had not been disturbed for four years,
and potted several singly in pots, when in about
six weeks from that time several of them flowered.
During the last few weeks three of the same plants
have flowered again, two of which I am confident are
the same bulbs which flowered in March or April
last, as I marked the pots they are growing in, and
they have no other foliage but what springs from the
one bulb. J. R. yl/., Notts,
Judging at Horticultural Exhibitions. — The
vagaries of judges at shows are many and curious, as
exhibitors know ; but the most singular instance of
their sometimes strange decisions came under my
notice the other day at z-fete I attended, where they
disqualified a collection of vegetables for having round
red and white kidney Potatos to make up the twelve
sorts for which the prize was offered and fairly won
by the man displaying the lot. As the same error
may be perpetrated again, it is, I think, desirable to
have such matters ventilated in the gardening journals,
which may stop their occurrence and save those who
compete the mortification and disappointment of hav-
ing to bear and put up with a wrong, besides the
uncertainty they must feel on entering the lists again,
for were they to add some other sort of vegetable,
as well as display the two varieties of Potatos, the
very next set of judges might justly disqualify them
for having thirteen. In all large collections of fruit
of so many distinct kinds, black and white Grapes
are admissible, and two or more sorts of Peaches and
Nectarines, and so on ; and it is just the same with
vegetables, unless there is a clause in the schedule
shutting them out. In the case referred to, the word-
ing of the schedule was "for the best collection of
vegetables consisting of twelve sorts, displayed in a
basket or tray," and therefore nothing could possibly
be plainer, which makes the decision one of those
things "no fellah can understand." J, S. [The com-
mittee ahould act as a court of final appeal in such
cases. Ed.]
Royal Caledonian Horticultural :5ty'A 12 ffK(/i3.
— While i t may be true in a large sense that the flowers of
autumn do not lend themselves in the same degree to an
effective exhibition as the horticultural products of mid-
summer, yet this cannot be alleged of the autumn dis-
play of the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society, which
took place in the Waverley Market. Edinburgh. We
do not remember to have seen the immense struc-
ture decorated in a more telling and magnificent manner,
while the wealth of bloom and the infinite variety of
colour must have satisfied and gratified — we do not
insinuate that it is possible to have satiated — the most
ardent and enthusiastic florist. But it was not the exu-
berance of the floricultural exhibits for which the show
was alone notable, the amount and quality of the fruit
staged far exceeded anything experienced in Edinburgh,
if we except alone the great International Show of 1882.
The entries numbered no fewer than 1404, of which 670
were of fruit ; and the amount of money offered and paid
in awards was ;^240. In 1S81 the entries only readied
the figure of 748, or little more than half of those of this
autumn, and of these 328 (less than a half) were of fruit,
the prizes running up to £1.^1, or ^^60 less than on this
occasion. It would be difficult to speak in too high
terms of the quality of the exhibits. The show was,
from a popular point of view, likewise a great success,
for on both days it was attended by thousands of
persons.
The Fruit. — As was beseeming an autumn show,
the place of honour was given to the fruit. For the col-
lection of twelve sorts chief honours fell to Mr. George
Johnstone, Glamis Castle. His lot comprised a brace of
bunches of Black Alicante Grapes — one irregular in
shape of bunch, but the other perfect, and both ex-
cellent in size of berry and finish. The pairs of bunches
of Muscats of Alexandria were little inferior to the
Alicantes, one of them especially being of a beautiful
wedge shape, while in colour and compactness of berry
they left nothing to be desired. There were a fine
ripe bunch of Musa Cavendishii, a plate of luscious
Brown Turkey Figs, though not large in size ; two plates
of Peaches — it were hard to say which was finest, the
Royal George variety or the Late Admirable, both as to
colour and size ; two plates of Nectarines, Due du
Telliers and Pitmaston Orange ; two Pines, a Charlotte
Rothschild and a Smooth Cayenne, both perfect in shape
and flavour ; and two Melons, Lady Gage and Bloxham
Hall. Mr. J. Mclndoe, Hutton Hall, was 2d. For a
collection ot eight sorts there was more competition, and
Mr. D. Murray, Maybole, received ist honours. His
Grapes were superb, the Black Hamburgbs in finish and
size of berry being simply splendid, though one of the
bunches had been somewhat injured in the handling.
The Muscats of Alexandria were also fine, though one
of the bunches had a few of the berries slightly spotted.
The Melons were good, as were the Peaches, which were
of a rich colour and large size ; the Castle Kennedy Figs
large and thoroughly ripe, without a crack ; the Plums
luscious and in perfect colour. This collection was closely
approached by that of Mr. W. McKelvie, Broxmouth
Park, who stood 2d ; and Mr. J. M'Conochie, Cameron
House, came 3d, with an excellent lot. Keen dis-
cussion took place over the awards for the
best collection of ten sorts of hardy fruits.
Surely there must have been some mistake as to the
meaning of the word "sorts," which implies, if we are
not sadly mistaken, distinct fruits. Apart from this if the
Society's conditions, speciallyunderlined, that all the fruits
in this collection must be grown out-of-doors were ful-
filled— and some cynics took leave to doubt it — the dis-
play was something marvellous — the season, continued
rains and lack of sunshine, being considered. The ist
prize fell to Mr. P. W. Fairgrieve, Dunkeld, but his col-
lection consisted of five sorts though ten varieties. His
Peaches, magnificent even if grown under glass, were
Royal George and Early York ; Apricots, to which a
similar remark applies — Large Early and Orange ; Pears
exquisite in colour and beautifully ripe — French Ber-
gamot ; Cherries, Morello, and three varieties of Plums
— Jefferson, Gohath, and Kirk's. Second honours fell
to Mr. J. Mclndoe, who also fell into the same mistake
as to sorts. To Mr. J. Day, Garlieston, was awarded
3d prize. In the class for a collection of twelve bunches
of Grapes, Mr. W. McKelvie, Broxmouth, and Mr. J.
Mclndoe were placed equal, but there was a pretty
general consensus of opinion that there was room for
four or five prizes between Mr. McKelvie's lot and that
of Mr. Mclndoe. For the best eight bunches, six sorts,
Mr. McKelvie was deservedly placed ist ; second
honours falling to Mr. A. Kirk, Alloa ; and Mr, Mclndoe
was 3d. A superb lot from Mr. A. Kirk's vinery carried
the leading prize for four bunches, sorts ; Mr. J. Day
was 2d, and Mr. W. Lees 3d. It would be tedious to go
through the minor competitions for two bunches and
single bunches ; suffice it to say that the entries were
numerous, that the Grapes were admirably grown, that
generally speaking the colour was good, and that on the
whole they seemed well placed. In the contest for best
bunch of any black variety, the ist prize was given to
Mr. W, Lees for a splendid bunch of Cooper's Late,
and Madresfield Court shown by J. Forbes, Dean Path,
being 2d. For the best bunch of whites, any variety, J.
Archibald, Tillicoultry, came ist with Duke of Buc-
cleuch, rich in colour and enormous in size and berry —
G. Ramsay, Fordell, being 2d with a variety marked
"name not known." Not unlike the style of Duke of
Buccleuch and rich in colour, it was a handsome bunch.
For flavour in black GrapesJ. Mclndoe came to the front
with Madresfield Court, and flavour among the whites
was awarded to S. Castle, West Lynn, for a Mus-
cat of Alexandria, The best bloom among blacks
was awarded to W. Lees, for Cooper's Late, D.
Murray's second bunch being Alnwick Seedling,
darker in its violet bloom, but without a flaw. The
display of Peaches was capital, and if G. McKinnon's
(Melville Castle) lot, were richer in colour than J.
McLeod's, the latter were not a whit behind in size.
The Figs were fine, as were the Apricots and Nectarines,
and except at the International Show we question whether
finer Pears were ever seen in Edinburgh. Pine-apples
seemed a good show, though, being scattered for decora-
tive purposes, it was difficult to compare them. Of the
hardier fruits, such as Apples and Currants, there was a
large and fine display.
Plants : Nurserymen.— The principal competition
among the nurserymen was for the _^io prize for the
best furnished table for effect ; and here, as for several
seasons past, an easy victory was achieved by Messrs,
Ireland & Thomson. Considerable skill and artistic
deftness were exhibited in the arrangement of the table.
It did not appear so crowded — so overladen with plants
as in July, yet it was more effective, inasmuch as there
was room for the setting off of the individuality of the
plants, while that again was subordinated to general
effect. Among the finer plants which went to make up
this pleasing ejisemble were Anthurium Veitchii, with its
grand leaves 4 feet long drooping so gracefully ; Alo-
casia Thibautiana, whose metallic foliage refieved with
grey markings caused it to stand well out in the group ;
Anthurium Warocqueanum, with beautiful velvety
foliage in grand health ; Anthurium Andreanum, with
quite a galaxy of its strange scarlet flowers. There was
a grand lot of Crotons, including C. Thomsoni, sent
out last year — one of the finest coloured Crotons grown.
It has very large yellow leaves tipped with green. Another
fine-foliage plant was the old Cyanophyllum magnificum,
whose large velvety leaves are exceedingly attractive.
Prominent in the collection was a grand lot
of Nepenthes, including a splendid specimen of
N. Hookerii. Among the general stuff with which these
plants were set out were Dipladenia amabilis and D.
Brearleyana, the pink and while varieties of an exquisite
flower, Liliums, dwarf Palms, &c. ; while the Orchids
included Masdevallia chimsera, with its peculiar hair-
covered flowers and long wings like feelers ; Cypripedium
Stoneii, having exquisitely spotted tails ; Dendrobium
thyrsifolium, with a fine spike of its graceful white and
orange flowers, &c. The judges placed the table of R.
Laird & Sons 2d, but their taste was at fault here unless
they took into account the good collection of large Palms
which formed the staple of the furnishing of the table.
Unless the mass of foliage were taken there could be
little said for artistic effect here. Among the plants were,
besides the Palms, which included 'Seaforthias, Arecas,
and Latanias, a fine plant of Pandanus elegantissimus,
a well-grown Cordyline indivisa, and one of the largest
Jacaranda mimosifolia we have seen, Statice profusa,
Anthurium Andreanum ; while filling up the spaces
between the larger stuff were Liliums, Begonias, Pelar-
goniums, and Ericas. To our mind Messrs. T. Methven
i& Son's table ought to have been placed 2d, though it
was not honoured with a ticket. As a specimen of
formal arrangement for effect it was as good in its way —
and that is high praise— as Messrs. Ireland & Thomson's
was in its own peculiar style. The 3d prize was awarded
to Messrs. Dickson & Co., Pilrig. Close by this table
was one furnished from the Royal Botanic Gardens. The
plants were specially attractive from their scientific
interest, and included a fine collection of Nepenthes, of
Droseras, and other carnivorous plants and Sarracenias.
Returning to the circular space at the west end of the
hall, we find the Lawson Seed and Nursery Company
occupying their assured position as ist for twelve
Conifers in pots or tubs — a very handsome and interest-
ing collection. The same firm furnished a table in a some-
what unique fashion. ^ On one side there was displayed, in
such a manner as must become a gracefully decorated
dinner-table, a number of dwarf Dracaenas and Palms,
while between were set out a collection of hand and
breast bouquets. Seldom have we seen such a charming
display, and the crowds of ladies who hung about the
table showed their appreciation of their artistic beauty.
On the other side of the table were arranged in groups a
fine collection of annuals, alpine, and herbaceous flowers.
Messrs. Jas. Dickson & Sons had a neat collection of shrubs
and Conifers, relieved with an assortment of Heaths
and Gladioli. Corresponding with this group was one of
variegated Hollies and Junipers, contributed by Messrs.
Cunningham, Eraser & Co., who also furnished a couple
of tables with a general assortment of greenhouse plants
and flowers. Messrs. Todd & Co. struck out a new line
at these shows in the exhibition of floral crosses and
wreaths, worked up in white flowers and Maidenhair
Ferns in the most artistic style. The chief flowers em-
ployed were Eucharis, Tuberose, Lapageria, and
white Asters. From Mr. Thos. S. Ware, of London,
came a splendid collection of single DahUas of endless
variety. These flowers, so perfect in form and so beau-
tiful in colour, have struck a chord in the public taste, as
was evidenced by the deeply interested crowds who clung
round Mr. Ware's tastefully set-out table. In the com-
petition for Dahlias, Messrs. R. Laird &: Son took ist
prize for the doubles with large and pure coloured
flowers ; Mr. Campbell, High Blantyre, being 2d.
But for the fancies the positions were reversed —
Messrs. J. Lamont & Sons seizing the tide of
popular favour, by showing a table of single Dahlias,
many of them of their own raising, and all of them
staged in perfect condition and with an eye to effect.
Messrs. D. & W. Croall, Dundee, took a fairly credit-
able 2d place. Last, but not least, among the nursery-
men's exhibits were the Roses, and for the late season
the quality was wonderfully fine. The veteran Hugh
Dickson, Belfast, came to the front as usual with a splen-
did stand, in which old favourites were more conspicuous
than newer varieties.
Gardeners and Amateurs.— Of the plants and
flowers staged by gardeners and amateurs, it may be
conceded that they sustained the reputation of the
Northern floriculturists as men of enthusiastic skill and
abund.ant resource. The place of honour in the section
was given to the table of plants for effect, 20 feet by
5 feet. The competitors were R. Grossart and A. Paul,
and both tables were worthy of the reputation of the
exhibitors, the former as a gardener, and the latter as an
amateur. The general scheme of arrangement was afike
in both tables — a bank of Ferns and creeping variegated
plants, from which rose the more atlractive and valuable
decorative plants. If preference might naturally be given
to Mr. Grossart's table, ticketed with the 1st award, it
was simply that there was more variety in his plants, and
that with his greater command of flowers of different
types he secured a lighter and more graceful effect,
though mayhap as to value the plants on Mr. Paul's
table bore the palm.
The Corporation of the City of Edinburgh offered a
special prize for six stove or greenhouse plants in flower,
and Mr. J. Paterson, Milbank, once again proved that
he is not to be easily deprived of his well won and
modestly worn laurels.
Foliage plants and Ferns were, as usual, numerous
and excellent ; and the Fuchsias, Liliums, Vallotas,
Petunias, Pelargoniums, and Geraniums staged in admir-
able order. Of the cut flowers it may be said that they
came little behind those in the nurserymen's department ;
indeed, the Hollyhocks were better, and the bouquets
quite as good.
Vegetables were a fine show, and special mention
ought to be made of the Cauliflowers, Leeks, Turnips,
and Potatos. {From a Correspondent.)
I
i
The Cryptogamic of Scotland.— The ninth
annual conference of this Association, which numbers
upwards of 120 members, opened at Dumfries on the
i2th inst. Various excursions were organised, and
among the fungi collected about 117 species were found
to be represented. Only one species new to Scotland
was sent in. This was the Hydnura gelatinosum,
Sco^., from Terregles. Perhaps the next most im-
September 22, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
379
portant species was the fine pale-coloured Agaricus
virosus. This species was also got at Cromlongan on
Thursday. Agaricus niappa was found in several
examples, and was examined critically as one of the
"good things "of the exhibition. Agaricus odorus, a
dark-coloured scented species with a rough-looking
pileus, was in several of the lots from Kirkcudbright-
shire, and was also got at Comlongam subsctiucnUy.
A very large and fine-looking Agaric— the Pholiota aureus
var. Vahlii— was new to the fungologists, but a re-
ference to Cooke's Handbook furnislied the name. Of the
genus Lactarius the rare species torminosus was present.
Lentinus cochleatus, a very scarce plant in Scotland, was
detected in two of the lots from Kirkcudbrightshire, and
attracted mucli attention. A monstrous mass, over a
yard wide, of Polyporus gigantcus, came from Mr.
Gracie, Kirkmichaol House ; a number of specimens of
the Giant Puff-ball (Lycoperdon gigantcum) from Mr.
Jardinc, Houston Cottage, were placed amongst Mr. W.
G. Gibson's exhibits. We are told that Mr. jardinc has
"cultivated " these plants for some years for using in a
dried stale to "smoke" bees with. They have the
properly, when a piece is lighted in a dried state, of ren-
dering bees insensible, so that they may be worked
amongst without fear of attack. Mr. ]ardine originally
prepared a suitable corner of his garden, on which he
sowed the spores or "seeds," and the Puff-balls have
grown annually since.
At the evening meeting Mr. King, of Glasgow, read
a paper on the Potato disease, from which, as reported
in the Dumfr:es Herald, we extract the following :—
Ii is stated that "the Potato disease has never been
known in Chili, where the Potato grows wild." After
receiving this report in the autumn of i88i I asked
my brother, who is resident in Chili, to send me some
good tubers to plant — not wild ones but those of
a good cultivated variety. Now Chili, stretching
a great distance north and south, has many different
climates. Seed was got from Llanquihue in the south,
where the climate somewhat resembles our own. But it
could not be got in the best condition, for Chili being
within the southern hemisphere the seasons do not
occur at the same same time as with us. At Llanquihue
Potatos are dug in the month of May, wlule here they
are planted in April. So they had to be taken up when
only about half grown, and after all they arrived too
late but quite sound. Portions were planted in fifteen
different places — some during the second half of May,
others not till the beginning of June. They grew
vigorously, producing tall strong stems with great broad
leaves, and I have here a dried leaf with the terminal
leaflet 8 inches long by 6 inches broad. The principle on
which I was acting was this. Tubers with a sound consti-
tution will produce healthy disease-resisting plants. How-
ever, in the month of July I observed in a small plot at Ir-
mellan the peculiar flocculence clearly showing the presence
of the disease. I visited some of the lots myself and got
reports about the others. The results were very varied.
Those grown in England were reported free from disease
— some at Dublin as a complete failure. At Lochwin-
noch some grown on peaty soil had one-fourteenth
diseased, while at Pollockshaws, on clay soil, the pro-
portion affected was about one-sixth. In all cases the
yield was small— but that was not to be wondered at.
There was no disease in the field. Mr. Finlay Bell
told me last week (September 5) that those planted on
his farm at Monkton were slill free from disease.
On September 6 I visited a lot in the garden of Mr.
James Henderson, Cadder, near Glasgow. Here the
leaves had black spots, woolly beneath, clearly showing
the presence of disease. The results were disappointing,
still the trial had been made under favourable conditions,
and was not decisive ; so this year I am trying again.
The tubers kept well during the winter, and were planted
early — some in March, some in April. It is yet too early
in the season to know the results. But on Saturday,
September i, I saw some that had been planted by Mr.
Latta, farmer, Carmyle, near Glasgow. I have called
them red Chilians. They were brought, as you re-
member, from the South, where the climate is like
our own. But this year I got a different variety from
the North, where the climate is dry and warm.
These Potatos are ripe in the month of January.
They arrived in March, and were planted widi the others.
This second variety is called "Borajila," which may be
rendered Borage-leaved, and is, I think, better than the
other. . On August 2 I saw a plant of each dug in the
garden ot my brother at Wolverton, Buckinghamshire
The plants were growing together. The red Chilian had
only a few small tubers, while the Borage-leaved had sixty,
and the half of these were large enough to cook. But
even on this variety I have seen spotted leaves. What
may be the value of these varieties three or four years
hence 1 do not know, but I am afraid that we are not able
to banish the disease by simply importing a fresh stock.
So far as we see at present, the best way to diminish the
severity of the annual attack, is to sow the seeds con-
taned in the Potato Plum?. These produce many
different varieties of which those kinds should be culti-
vated which are found to resist the disease best. In this
way we have obtained Champion, &c.
CIjc Meiitljcr.
state of tub weather at blackiibatlf, london,
For the Weeic ending Wednesday, September 19, 1883.
Ageratum Tom Thumb. — This being a very
dwarf-growing and profuse flowering Ageratum it
should find a place in every flower garden, its mauve
flowers being very effective, either in patches, in mixed
beds, or in masses. But, on account of its free dis-
position to flower, it is somewhat difficult to obtain a
sufficient number of cuttings in the autumn for stock,
therefore a few plants should be lifted before they get
severely nipped by frost, and potted for supplying the
necessary number of cuttings in spring. H, IV,
'I'KMrKrATUnK OF
iiiK Air.
a
s
Sept
In.
In.
.
•3
3005
+0.17
69.0
'<
J987
— 0.01
71.0
>S
39,83
-0.03
6s.o
16
3roi
+0..4
7J.2
17
30-04
+0.19
75-
iS
3003
H-o.iS
73'
'9
29.85
-t-ao3
75-0
Mean
2996
-+-0.10
7. .8
Sept. 13. — Fine day and night.
— 14. — Very fine day and night.
— !,<;. — Fine day, cloudy at limes. Fine clear night,
— 16. — Fog in morning. Fine day and night.
— 17. — Slight fog in morning. Fine day; mostly overcast,
and thunder at 3 p M. Fme bright night.
— 18. — Fine bright day, and night cloudless.
— ig. — Fog on low ground. Fine bright day. Fine
night, moon shining faintly.
London : Atmosphcrk Pressure. — During the week
ending September 15 the reading of the barometeratthe
level of the sea increased from 30.13 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.20 inches by 9 A.M. on
the gih, decreased to 2994 inches by 3 p.m. on
the loth, increased to 30. 2S inches by 9 A.M. on the
13th, decreased to 29.95 inches by 9 A.M. on the
15th, and was 30. 10 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 30.14 inches, being 0.43 inch higher than
last week, and 0.02 inch above the average of the
week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 71°, on the 9th and 14th ;
the highest reached, on the nth, was 59°. The
mean of the seven high day temperatures was 67°.
The lowest temperature was 44^.1, on the 9th ; on
the nth the lowest temperature was 54°.5. The
mean of the seven low night temperatures was S2°.2.
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
26°.9, on the 9th ; and the smallest was 4°.5, on the
nth. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 14°. 8.
The mean temperatures were— on the 9th, 56°. 2 ;
on the loth, 57°.8 ; on the nth, 55°.? ; on the 12th,
59°. 8 ; on the I3lh, 59°.2 ; on the 14th, 6o°.4; and
on the 15th, 57°.6. Of these the first three were
below their average by I°.9, 0°.2, and 2°. I respec-
tively ; and the rest were above by 2".2, I°.S, 3''.2,
and o°.5 respectively.
The mean temperature of the week was 58^.1, being
2°. 8 higher than last week, and o°.5 above the aver-
age of the week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was I32°.5, on the 9th. The mean of the seven
readings was 110°. I.
The lowest readings of a minimum thermometer,
with its bulb on short grass, was 36°, on the g'.h.
The mean of the seven readings was 44°. 4.
Rain. — Rain fell on the nth and I2lh to the
amount of 1°. 62 inch, of which 1.34 inch fell on the
nth.
England : Tcmpcrafurc. — During the week ending
September 15 the highest temperatures were 74°. I at
Cambridge, 71° at Blackheath, and 70° at Truro
and Brighton ; the highest at Wolverhampton was
65°.4, at Plymouth 66°. i, and at Bristol 66°. 4, The
general mean was 68°. 3.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 37''.4
at Wolverhampton, 38°.6 at Nottingham, and 39° at
Truro ; the lowest, at Preston, was 50°, at Liverpool
48°, and at Sunderland 47°. The general mean was
43°. 2.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 34°.3 at Cambridge, at Truro 31°, and at
Wolverhampton 28° ; the smallest ranges were 17° at
Preston, 21° at Liverpool, and 20°.4 at Bristol. The
general mean was 25". I.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 68°. 4, at Blackheath 67°, and
at Truro 66°. I ; and were lowest at Bradford, 62°. 3, at
Wolverhampton 62°. 7, and at Liverpool 63°. The
general mean was 64°. I.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures were
highest at Brighton, S2°.4, at Blackheath 52".2, and
at Preston 52° ; and were lowest at Bolton, 47°.2,
at Wolverhampton 47°.$, and at Truro and Ply-
mouth 4S".4. The general mean was 50°.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Sunderland, 10°. 6, at Liverpool and Preston n".5 i
and were least at Cambridge and Truro, 17°. 7, and at
Bolton I7".I. The general mean was 14°.!.
The mean temperature was highest at Cambridge,
58°. 3, at Blackheath 58°. i, and at Brighton 57°.7 ;
and was lowest at Suntlerland, 53°.2, at Wolver-
hampton 53°.8, and at Bolton 54°.4. The general
mean was 55°. 8.
Kain. — The largest falls were 1.62 inch at Black-
heath, 1.38 inch at Hull, 1.08 inch at Wolverhamp-
ton, and 1.06 inch at Bristol ; the smallest falls were
0.16 inch at Truro, 0.23 inch at Preston, 0.3S inch at
Liverpool, and 0.41 inch at Leeds. The general
mean fall was 0.82 inch.
Scotland : Tempera/ure. —Dmiog the week end-
ing Sept. 15 the highest temperature was 67°, at
Perth ; at Aberdeen the highest temperature was
6l°.8. The general mean was 64°.9.
The lowest temperature in the week was 35°,
at Glasgow and Perth ; at Greenock the lowest
temperature was 44°. The general mean was 38°.4.
The mean temperature was highest at Greenock,
55°.I ; and lowest at Aberdeen, 52°.I. The general
mean was 53°- S-
J?ain. — The largest fall was 0.46 inch, at
Glasgow ; and the smallest was 0.06 inch at Aber-
deen. The general mean fall was 0.24 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
CBitquirics.
He iltai guesfwneth muck sftall leartt ;««M.— Bacow.
Public W-\y. — Having a public footpath and bridle
road leading close by a dwelling-house, to the great
annoyance of the owner, can any reader inform me of
any means whereby the road and path could be removed
a distance of loo or 150 yards. A Con%lant Reader.
[You do not say if it is a " highway," or a " parish or
private way." You would probably have to apply to the
Court of Quarter Sessions, but the district surveyor
should be able to give you the requisite information. Ed.]
Answers to Correspondents.
\" ADVERTISER.S Beware ! — Gardeners seeking situa-
tions by means of advertisements are recommended
to pay no heed to so-called agents, who profess to
obtain situations for gardeners on consideration of
stamps being sent beforehand. Some of these
men may be respectable, but we know that others
are not, and counsel gardeners to take great care
in the matter, or they will find themselves not only
disappointed but deprived of their money.
Araucaria : T. T. The tree is growing in unsuitable
soil.
Araucaria Cunningham! : Old Stibscriber. This is
a tall-growing tree in its native country, and not a
shrub.
Book : C. Silbcrad. Get Paxton's Cottagers' Calendar,
published at this office, to commence with.
Deadly Nightshade : Dr. Prior. The pulp surround-
ing the seeds of this plant may not act as a poison on
the birds, and the seeds are voided by them. The same
thing occurs with birds eating Yewberries, which they
do with immunity from all harm. The seeds of this
tree are an acrid poison, but the pulp is harmless.
Drying Plants : L' Allegro. The essentials are firm
pressure, a plentiful supply of paper frequently
changed, and ventilation by means ot lattice frames in-
serted between the drying-papers. The use of chemi-
cals iias no practical value.
Dundee Horticultural Society : D. \V. S. The
misspelling of the name was a printer's error. For the
report, as sent, it is written that John Stewart & Sons
obtained the ist prize for their table, &c. The "also"
clearly refers to another class, and does not bear the
interpretation you put on it.
Erratum : Covent Garden Cricketers. — In our
last issue {p. 336), alluding to the achievements of the
pomological gentlemen, instead of "that they had
made seventy-five runs between them," read " had lost
four wickets for seventy-four runs."
Floore Gardens. — Your correspondent is in error in
stating the "long border " to be " hard on 400 feet."
It is 760 feet long, and from 12 to 18 feet wide.
Floore,
Fungus on Pear Leaf: W. T. T. The fungus is
Raisteha cancellata, which, in one stage of its ex-
istence is the very different looking jelly-like fungus
known as Podisoma juniperi. Burn all the affected
leaves you can sweep up, and destroy or remove all
Junipers and Savins in the neighbourhood.
Insects : Robt. Young. Your box contained two Apple
leaves, and two objects which seem to be the droppings
38o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883.
of some small bird or large caterpillar, what we cannot
tell. /. O. IV.
Larch ; T. T. The trees are infested with Larch scale
(Coccus laricis). The trees are out of health, and
afford an easy prey to the insect. We cannot suggest
any remedy.
Luminosity of Flowers : W. H. Smith b" Sons.
Yes, the Nasturtium (Tropseolum rather) is stated to
have the same property.
Names of Fruits : Alfred Bishop. Tomato A. Bishop,
large and handsome, a yellow fruited variety of Hatha-
way "s Excelsior, well worth growing. Your second
question we see no way of replying to. — Robert
iimith, Kenward. \, Doyenn^ Boussoch ; 2, Catillac ;
3, Gansell's Bergamot ; 4, Fondante d'Automne.
Peach, Walburton Admirable ; Nectarine, Pitmaston
Orange — well-grown examples. — S. Geer. Old Haw-
thornden. — Dereham. i, Kirke's Plum ; 2, Beurr6
de Capiaumont ; 3, quite decayed ; 4, Summer Thorn ;
5, Cox's Emperor ; 6, Nonsuch ; 7, Yellow Ingestre.
— K. D. I, Manks' Codlin ; 2, Maiden's Blush. —
H. R. B. Large fruit, General Todtleben ; small,
Comte de Flandre.
Names of Plants : O. b= Co. Polygonum Sieboldi.—
W. H. Parker. Colchicum autumnale. — E. V. B,
Probably the Lyme-grass (Elymus arenarius), which
grows in the situation mentioned, and is one of the
most useful sand-binding plants. The specimen, how-
ever, is insufficient. — P. B. Parnassia palustris and
Impatiens parviflora. — Euritoma. Can you not send
us a specimen in flower not distorted by the Isosoma?
It looks like Triticum repens (Couch-^rass). — H. Can-
nell &= Sons. Hibiscus Trionum.— y. S. B. Spirsea
canescens, — E. C. C. D. Impatiens Roylei, and Celsia
arcturus probably, but the fragment is insufficient. —
A. Sparey. 7, Centranthus ruber ; S, Tradescantia
virginica ; 9, Lychnis coronaria. — A. B. 1, apparently
a species of Senecio, which we cannot name without
flowers ; 2, Thuia (Cham^cyp.iris spheroid ii') ; 3,
Thuia (Chamascyparis pisifera) ; 4, Aucuba japonica
var, — C. IV. Dod. Aster versicolor var., and A. leu-
canthemus. — E. J. Bouvardias : i. Bridal Wreath ; 2,
Humboldli corymbiflora ; 3 and 4. varieties of Hogarth.
R. N. Lapageria rosea. — Ireland ^ Thompson. Tri-
cyrtis hirta. — J. Johnson, Raby Street, Darlington.
Flowers insufhcient to identify. — Dr. Morton. Chry-
santhemum coronarium flore-pleno. — A Subscriber.
Pyrus Aria nivea. — H. Cajinell fr" Son. The blue
Ageratum is good in colour, compact in habit, and
dwarf. It should make a useful bedding kind. The
white one appears to be hardly pure enough in colour
for a first-class bedder. — Meads, Hailshain. Specimen
insufficient. — Old Subscriber. The red and blue are
varieties of Anagallis moneUi ; the other is Nierem-
bergia gracilis. — Camjee. Carduus Marianus — the
Blessed Thistle. The yellow flower next week. — F.
Kne'.ler. Polygonum cuspidatum. — Pritchard &* Son.
Impatiens Roylei. — W J, C. Impatiens Roylei ; the
grass we cannot name.
NicoTiANA : A. M. It is probably N. affiais, as that
answers nearest to your description.
Nuts : VV. Bate-. Mr. George Bunyard's Eruil Farm-
ing for Profit, we think, gives the information you
want. His address is Maidstone.
Peach : D. D. The roots are dead, but from what
cause we cannot say. Send us some of the leaves.
Rheea Fibre : China Grass. See Pharmaceutical
journal, vol. iii.. iv. (1873), 8. A. H. Collier, Rheea
Fibre: its Cultivation and Preparation: Calcutta.
Dennet, C. F., Vegetab'e Fibres: Brighton (1875).
Dickson, J. H., The Fibre Plants of India, 6fc.:
London (1873). J. F. Watson, Report on the Pre-
paration and Use of Rheea Fibre: London (1875).
The last the most important.
Roots on Vine Stems : J. H. The aerial roots on
the Vine do no harm, but they indicate a too close
and moist atmosphere.
Sea Side Planting : Subscriber, Cork. You do not
give the locality, but in your own neighbourhood, if
you afford sufficient shelter, you have a large choice
among Japanese and New Zealand shrubs. The main
point is shelter nearest to the sea. We should plant
Tamarisk with Atriplex halimus for variety. Then
Sea Buckthorn, Hippophae, and double - flowering
Gorse. Intermixed with these the Pines mentioned
below and the Cypress — which will grow up under the
shelter of the shrubs. You can choose among the
following : —
Evergreen Shrubs.
Laurus Dobilis
Euonymus japonicus
Pitiosporum Tobira
Atriplex Halimus
Tamarix germanica, next
the sea
Yucca gloriosa
Phillyreas
Hippophae rhamnoides (de-
CiduousJ
Trees.
Cupressus macrocarpa 1 Acer Pseudo-Platanus
Common Elder [aster I Some of the Willows
Pinus austriaca and Pin- | Evergreen Oaks
FloTverir.g Slimbs.
Escallonia macrantha Baccharis halimifolia
Kibes sanguineum Spartium junceum
Buddleia globosa Berberis Darwinii
Hydrangeas I Fuchsias
Cissus ladaniferus I Double Gorse
Seedling Pea : IV. F. 6^ Co, The sample was too
old. We like to see them fresh and on the haulm
before givirig an opinion.
Single Dahlias : In our report of the recent exhi-
bition of Dahlias at South Kensington, we omitted to
mention that Mr. Charles Turner, of Slough, obtained
a First-class Certificate for white single Dahlia
Duchess of Westminster.
Tomato : Wash the seeds in a fine sieve held in a vessel
of water, and dry in the shade.
Vines : C. H. We failed to find any Phylloxera on the
roots, and do not consider the louse to be the cause of
the curling of the leaves.
Weed on Lawn : T. T. Prunella vulgaris. A dress-
ing of nitrate of soda in early spring will encourage
the grasses at the expense of the weed.
Communications Received. — R. B.— A. W. — J. S. — J. D. —
W. B. H.-Mrs. B.— N.— W. C— J. D.— A. F. E.— Pomona.
— Dutton, Christchurch, New Zealand. — V.&Sons. — W. C. L.
— W. L— Old Subscriber.-J. H.— J. S. L.— J. R. M —
J. H. — N. D. — An Amateur, Eastbourne (next week). —
W. J. C— T. Challis (too late).— J. S. L — N. D.— Scott
Wilson —P. T. — B. S. W.— Haage & Schmidt (with ihanks).
— W. F.— P. & C— H. B.— H. H. D'O.— M. D.— J. Lecomte,
Jumet.— C. \V.— J. M. P. (next week).— W. L. Bromley (we
are unable to trace your specimens}.
CO VENT GARDEN, September 20.
Apple Market dull ; prices giving way. A demand
will now be felt for good English Pines, as also late
Peaches. The supply of Cobs has been limited, and
prices of all samples have improved. James Webber,
Wholesale Apple Market.
Fruit. — Average Wholesale Prices.
Apples, J^-sieve ,
CoV^s, per TOO lb..
Figs, per dozen .
Grapes, per lb. .
Lemons, per case,
s. d. s. d.
16- 26
.100 0-116 o
10- ..
10-20
. 20 o- 30 o
*. d. s. d.
Melons, each . . i o- ^ o
Peaches, per doz. . . 16-40
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-50
Plums, J^-sieve .. 7 o-io o
Vegetables — Average Retail Prices.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
Globe, Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . , ..10-..
— Cos, per dozen.. 16-..
Mint, green, bunch. . 06-..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch . . 06- . .
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch. . 04-..
Peas, English, quart 10-..
Radishes, per doz. .. i 6- ..
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 26-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..06-09
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 02-04
Artichokes,
per doz.
Beans, French, lb.
— Scarlet, per lb.
Beet, per doz.
Cabbages, per doz.
Carrots, new, p. bun. 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen
Celery, per bundle . .
Cucumbers, each . .
Endive, Frenctii per
dozen .. ..20-.,
Garlic, per lb. ..10-..
Herbs, per bunch ..02-04
Horse Radish, bund. 10-40
Potatos.— Kent Kidneysj ;^3 to £,i, par ton ; do-, Regents,
f.'^s. to j£4 per ton.
,20-30
,04-..
,03-..
10-..
10-20
20-30
16-..
o 4- o S
Plants in Pots.
s.
Aralia Sieboldii, per
dozen .. ..T2
Arbor-vitas (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6
— (common), dozen 6
Asters, per doz. .. 4
Begonias, per doz. .. 6
Bouvardia, doz. ..12
Caladiums, per doz. 6
Cockscombs, doz. .. 3
Coleus, doz. . . . . 2
Dracaena term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz . . iz
Erica, various, doz. 12
Euonymus, various,
per dozen . . . . 9
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6
— Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o~io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90
Hydrangea, per. doz. 9 0-24 o
Liliums, various, per
dozen .. . .12 0-30 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen . . . . 12 0-24 o
Mignonnette. doz. ,. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in variety,each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . 20-60
— decorative, doz. 6 0-12 o
d. s. d. 1
0-24
0
o-iS
0
0-12
0
0- 9
0
0-12
0
0-18
0
0-24
0
0- 6
0
0- 6
0
0-60
0
0-24
0
0-36
0
0-18
0
0-24
0
Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Abutilon, 12 bunches 20-40
Asters, 12 bunches.. 20-90
— French, per bun. 10-30
Bouvardias, per bun. i o- i f
Carnations, 12 blms. 10-30
— 12 bunches .. 30-60
Cornflower. 12 bun. . i 6- a o
Dahlias, 12 bun. .. 30-60
Eucharis, per doz. .. 30-60
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 30-60
Gladioli, 12 spikes.. 10-30
Heliotropes, i2sp. .. 06-10
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms .. ..30-60
— red, 12 blooms.. 10-30
Liliums, 12 bun. ..12 0-18 o
Marguerites, 12 bun. 60-90
Mignonette, 12 bun. 20-60
. d. s. d.
20-40
Marigolds, 12 bun.
Myosoiis, or Forget-
w-not, p. 12 bun. 20-60
Pansies, 12 bunches 09-16
Pelargoniums. 12 spr. o 6- i o
— zonal, 12 sprays 03-06
Picotees, 12 bun. .. 20-60
Primula, double, bun. i o- i 6
Pyrethrum. 12 bun.. 30-60
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60
— (outdoor), 12 bun. 30-60
— coloured, doz. .. 30-80
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 36-60
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 20-40
Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 40-60
TropEEolum, 12 bun. 10-20
White Jasmine, bun. o 6- i o
SEEDS.
London : Sept. 19. — The trade for farm seeds con-
tinues quiet. Red Clover seed promises to be exceed-
ingly cheap : a large English crop, as is probable,
would render imports unnecessary. Trifolium realises
late rates. Winter Tares still tend upwards ; Rape
seed also is firmer. Mustard seed moves off slowly
on former terms. English blue Peas are in fair demand :
the quaUty is good, and prices moderate. John Shaw
^ Sons, Seed Merchants, ^y, Mark Lane, London, E. C.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields markets reports state
that there have been fair suppUes, and a moderate
demand. Quotations : — Kent Regents, Zos. to iooj. ;
Esbex Regents, Soj-. to 90J. ; Magnum Bonums, Bos.
to lOQs. ; and Roses, 6qs. to jos. per ton. — The imports
into London last week consisted of 500 bags from Ham-
burgh.
WASPS.— How to Catch Them and Save a
Crop of Grapes.
Mr. Fbeeston, Gardener at Brookfield House, Upper
Tooting, writes, Sept. 12, 1883;— "The box of Myocom Fly
Gum you sent me some three weeks ago has exceeded my most
sanguine expectations. Hundreds of wasps have been caught,
and saved my crop of Grapes."
Messrs. Jas. Dickson & Sons, Chester, write, Sept. 11,
1883 : — " We have sent you, per Parcels Post, a specimen
gummed string prepared from your Myocom Fly Gum, which
you will see has done good work."
MYOCOM is prepared and sold in is. Tins (8j. per dozen,
trade terms), Sample Tin by post for 14 Stamps.
Sole Proprietors. THOS. CHRISTY and CO., ISS,
Fenchurch Street, London, E.C.
a®" Of all Chemists.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides, and all Parasite?,
To prevent American Blight, all kinds of Scale, &c., and
for Washing all Hard-wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
A ^ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of \Yater.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes au
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonials.
" Coton Hall Niu-sery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
"201, Broad Street, Birmingham, August 15, 1883.
"Dear Sir,— I have lately tried Hudson's Extract of Soap
for the mildew on my Rose trees in the greenhouse, and I find
that with one syringing it completely cures it instantly. I should
say I tried it some time ago with the same result. Yours truly,
(Signed) " W. JAMES."
SOLD EVERYWHERE.
BEMAKKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of aU DIET from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTK.ACT OF SOAP.
/^ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
V_J of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 or. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, u., 3J.,& lor. 6^,
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
/r:iISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
V--^ fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, bd.
and IS. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited). London.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers. Leeds,
Yorkshire.
AMBOO CANES, for Nurseries and
Gardens. Hundreds of tons in stock, from i to 4 inches
in diameter, and up to 16 ieet. The largest importer in England.
P. B. HARKIN, Dutton Street, Liverpool.
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia. Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.G.
Under the Patronage of tlie Queen.
T SM ITH'S IMPERISHABLE
O • STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.
LABELS.
WATEBPHOOF ROSE TBEE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
CO.,
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
looyardsforioj., delivered at Burnley Station ; or85>ards
for las., delivered free per parcels post. Very useful pure Cotton
lor Curtains, Blinds, Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley.
September 22, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
381
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine on rail at ^s. 6ii. per ton— not less than 4-lon trucks
Terms cash.— Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate.
Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
[Registered Trade Mark.
H
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor wotk, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advettisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithslarding a host of unprincipled
imiutors, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used m the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at th« seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at \s. 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. 8<i. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
'^ Plercejield Park, Jime 21, 1876.— Sirs— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had. which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow —I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully, Wm. Cox."
C.-Jf//'/(9A'.— Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S 's Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom lor upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine aiiicle.
Every cask is legibly marked wiih their name and Regibteied
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c. . sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow,
To the Trade.
1. "SLOWER POTS.— 1000 Cast for Sale.
- Used last season. 43's and 6o'j, at 8rf. per Cast.
E. CHAMBERLAIN, Nurseryman, i, Pilgrim's Lane,
Hampstead, N.W^
SPECIAL o\-0Z. ^HEE]-
<^ HOBTICULTURAL SIZSS. OJ*
20 Boxes, 20 X 12 10 Boxes, 20 x 13 10 Boxes, 20 x r4
10 ,, 20x15 10 ,, 20x16 20 ,, 20x18
20 ,, 24x13
In 200 feet Boxes, at 2{il. per foot neit for not less than
1000 feet. BOXES FREE.
GEORGE FABMILOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
84, St. John's Street, West Smithfjeld, London, E.C.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in , 20 in. by 14 in., 2010. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in , in i6-oz.
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in aoo-ft. and 300-ft. cases.
TEN SILVER "^ft^ MEDALS
AWARDED ^^^^^^» '^^
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-Mare, Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green- ORCHID. FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, dd. Book of Designs, is.
^
Vy^ 21 OS. Foreign, of the following Oj
^ sizes, In tozes of 100 and 200 feet,
SdB and Ittis qualities always kept in stock :
14X12
S6XI2
18x12
20X12
16x14
18X14
20 X 14
20x16
20x18
20X15
22x16
22 X 18
18x16
24x16
24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
from
GEORGE FARIOLOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
H It. Jolm'i Street, West Bmltbaeld, London, E,a
Rosher'a Garden Edging Tiles.
1HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
f,j^ once put down, incur no
-"^' further labour or expense,
as do " grown " Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, .^c , in Artificial Stone.
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street. Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Koad, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsiand Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEVS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL VkvV^Q TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c ,
from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet o( Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZtD TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths. &c. Grooved and other Stable
Pavirg of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO.. Buck and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L V~~E R~ S AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations, Samples of Sand free by post.
FLIN I S and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ftrneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rales in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
DEANE & CO.'S
CONSERVATORIFS k GREENHOUSES.
The prices given include ERECTING COMPLETE, with
all necessary brickwork, &c., within fifteen miles of London.
SPAN ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size. ... 15ft. bygft. .. 20ft. by 12ft. .. 25ft. by 15ft.
Price .. £.zo .. £42 lo^- ■• -C58.
LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE.
Size. . loft. by 6ft. 12ft. by 8ft. isfi. by loft. aoft. by 12ft.
Price. ;^i9 io,r. ^33 loi. £,i^\os. £4^0.
Proportionate prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates/or Conservatories free.
THE LOUGHBOROUGH HDT WATER APPARATUS,
^^ 4.J.— The simplest, cheapest, and most powerful, requiring no
Brick Setting, and no Hot-water Fitter for fixing. LISTS free.
DEANE &
(t?'/'s"t^), LONDON
CO.,
BRIDGE.
'IRONFENCINCGATES,^^
Catalogues free on application. . '
BAYLISSJON ES & BAYLISS
WOLVERHAMPTON ,
London 0FFicts,3,CR00KEii Une KinoWilliam ST.fc
HELLIWELIi'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY
REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAINTING.
Adopted by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.
Banksiaa Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.
Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered.
Plans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; aiid
8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S.W,
No. 74. Tliree-quarter SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME.
CASH PRICES —Carriage Paid.
No. 2 size .. 8 ft. long .. 6 ft, wide .. ,jC4 15 o
No. 3 size .. 13 ft. long ., 6 ft. wide .. 6 10 o
No. 4 size . . 16 ft. long , , 6 ft. wide . . 850
These Frames are 13 inches high in front, 24 inches high at
the back, and 3a inches at the ridge. Front or back lights
turn over. Set-opes are provided (or ventilating. All painted
four coats of best oil colour, and the lights are glazed with best
ai-oz. English glass.
GBEENHOUSES,
Suitable for Villas, Small Country Hou.-tes.
NEW catalogue.
NOW RRADV, FUEH on Ai'E'LlCATlON.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without exception the most useful kind o(
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one wiih a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn riyht over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and paitited : —
6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free, £,1 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ „ ,, 4 15 o
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 3 ^S o
12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, , m 6 10 o
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
R. HALLIDAY & CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C.
.-^^.-'--'^
W H LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
FRUIT BOXES
Made of stout wood, planed and hinged, with fasteniDES
and holes, through which a string can be passed and sealed
on the top to prevent all tampering or pilfering. Movable
wooden divisions keep each Peach or Bunch of Grapes in its
place. Wrapped in wool or tissue paper the Peaches fit in
firmly and never bruise.
Boxes for 12 Peaches, Is. each, or lis. 6d. per doz.
24 „ 2s. ,, 23s.
„ for Grapes, sdivisions, ioin.x4in..x4in., 4s. each.
THOS. CHRISTY & CO., 165, Fencliurch Street, EC.
MANUFACTURERS OF HVDRO-INCU B ATOKS.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and
Nurseries. Garston, near Liverpool. HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATEfe APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS. ^ .
Plans and Estunatesfree,
382
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1SS3,
fCe-LASSHOHSES&WEAt-INGl
BOILER CHALLENGES. — Noticing an
adveitisement of Messrs. Wright & Co. which has just
appeared, asserting that " not one tradesman has come for-
ward " to object 10 iheir boiler, or to answer a formal challenge
said to be sent, but which I for one never received, I take this
means as the only public one available of denying the assertions
made in such adveriisement. Owing to the receipt of a
pamphlet, in which I accidentally saw my " Ben's Boiler **
mentioned with an eniiiely erroneous estimate of its heating
value (5 instead of lo), I wrote, pointing out the in-
accuracy, and by doing so involved myself in a wearisome
correspondence with the authors. W. Wright & Co., in the
course of which I distinctly and decidedly denied their claim
as to economy, power, simplicity, or cheapness, and also ofifered
one of my Ben's Boilers to be publicly tested alongside of theirs
(to at least 2003 feet of pipe) by the "Scientific Committee,"
which was to be called forth for that purpose. As an evidence
of the hollowness of this so-called "formal challenge" of
W. Wright & Co., I give quolaiions from a letter received so
lately as August 24, in which they say :— " Do you still wish to
have your Boiler tested with ours " . . . . " if you are still
determined, write us and we will arrange further.*' ....
" We think your best plan is to admit our Boiler to be the most
powerful, you can of course claim second position, which is
suiely an extremely honourable position." (!!!)
B. W. WARHURST, Highgate Road, London, N.
September 15, 1883.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
The
■ Espausion
Joint."
Tlie Best
m
j |;j ',.■__ and Quickest
^^^Mi^^ Made.
4-m Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, g feet long, 45, ^d. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 45. 6d. each.
Price List on application.
HORTICULTURE. — SILVER SAND,
61. per ton : HEATH PEAT. -js. per ton ; FOREST
PEAT, Ss. and IM. per yard ; FOREST LOAM, los. and 121.
per yard. On rail, loose, from 2 tons upwards. Sent to all
parts at lowest rates.
W. SHORT, Horticultural Co., Midhurst, Sussex. -Est. 1862.
RUSSIA MATS,
Archangel, Taganrog, Petersburg, and Dunnage.
SACKS and SEED BAGS. ROPES. LINES and TWINES.
RAFFIA FIBRE.
TOBACCO PAPER, PEAT and SILVER SAND.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. 3J. per sack
[sacks included). Descriptive CATALOGUE on application.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
140. Commercial Street, London, E.
ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.- All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffii Fibre, Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and s, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.
UNDER SPECIAL ROYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' I\SED1CINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders in Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sbeep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the P'irst Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to F.irriery,"
£2 l6s. 6d., sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of imitations, and see that tho
name, DAY. SON & HEWITT, is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE. BERKS.
CABSON'S PAINT.
Patronised by
HER MA J E S T Y,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,
15,000 OF THE Nobility, Gektrv, and Clergv.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON BV UNSKILLED LADOUR.
I Civt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, and Testiinonials, Post-free.
C A R S O N S,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON, E.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN;
and 55, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.
Dis90Mnt for Cash.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital. ;£20OjOoo. — Reserve Fund, ;£75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from .£10 to
;£5ooo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds from £,^ per cent from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ;£2so,ooo per annum.
Prospectus post-fiee.
(Established 1867.)
Accidents !-64, ComMH.
No Man is Safe from Accidents \ Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;£ 1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;C25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ^1,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
CAMBRIC g£:;v.;;;i:r^"r
Hemstitched.— Ladies' 5.1. \\d.. Gentlemen's 7J, irrf. per doz.
Direct from H H H 1/ f T " ^^^^ ^"^** Cambrics of
the Manu- Klll|l\r I Messrs. Robinson & Cleaver,
facturers. I WWl\l— 1 Belfast, have a world-wide
Samplesand Price Lists post-free fame " — The Queen.
fMSSH HANDKERCHIEFS.
ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST.
(t
OVER
SEVEN!
The finest Whiskey in the World is
SPECIAL
JURY "
(Irisli)
WHISKEY.
Supplied to Guards' Club, Pall Mall.
Supplied to Vice-Regal Suites, at Imperial Hotel, Belfast.
Never bottled under seven years old.
It is agreed on all sides that New Whiskey is quite unfit to
drink. It produces headache and prostration, by reason of the
fusel oil it contains, which is inseparable from all Whiskey under
a certain age, and which nothing but age can eliminate.
The consensus of opinion cf the Medical Press and of the
Profession at large is that Fine Old Lish Whiskey is the best
stimulant known, not only for Invalids, but for the robust. Such
a desideratum is
" SPECIAL
JURY "
WHISKEY.
Sample Bottle (Parcels' Post) . . . . 4s. ) Carriage
Sample Quarter Dozen Case ,. .. 12s. ( Paid
Sample Half Dozen Case 24s. ( (United
Sample Dozen Case (2 Gallons full) .. 48s. j Kingdom).
Post-office Orders to sole Owner of Brand,
W. J. JURY, Belfast.
N. B. The price of Whiskey should be regulated by its age.
PAXTON'S CALENDAR.
N0IV ready, a Revised Editt07i of the
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.
Originally Compiled by the late Sir Joseph Paxton, M.P.
Price -^d.. Post Fkee lYtd.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND.
PARTNER WANTED, in a good going
Florist and Seed Business in the Midland Counties. One
to take Charge of Shop preferred. Splendid opportunity for man
wiih moderate capital.— X. Y., Gardeners' Chronicle Oflice,
41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
TO NURSERYMEN and SEEDSMEN.—
A yourg man (married), with moderate capital, desires
PARTNERSHIP. Several years' practical experience in
Nursery Business, also Travelling, Book-keeping, Corre-
spondence.— A. B. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
ANTED, aHEAD WORKING
GARDENER, at Blackhealh, where five others are
kept. Age about 35. A Scotchman preferred. Must have
filled a similar situation for some years previously, and tho-
roughly understand every departmer t. Good personal character
indispensable. Wages 30J. Unfurnished rooms. Vegetables,
ccals, and gas allowed. — Apply by letter, wiih full particulars of
situations held during the last ten years, and, if married, how
many children, to K. L. , Mr. Wenham, IStackhealh, Kent.
anted, a WORKING GARDENER,
where assistance is given, for a Gentleman's house near
London, who understands Vines, Greenhouse Work. Frames,
Fiower and Kitchen Gardening, Must be thoroughly trust-
worihy ; single. — Appiy by letter, stating wages, to SHINGLE-
TON'S. 112, High Street, Kensington, W.
ANTED, by a Gentleman, as GAR-
DENER and GROOM» a sober, steady man, between
30 and 40, married, without children, having only two small
rooms to live in rent-free. Must be a good Grower of Flowers
and Vegetables, attend to one Horse, be a careful Driver, and
of light weight. — A person of good character may address a
letter to P. P., Miss Robbins, Stationer, Hendon, Middlesex,
N.W. ; stating wages required.
Colcliester Cemetery.
SUPERINTENDENT REQUIRED.— The
Committee are prepared to receive applications for the
above situation. Applicants must not be over 45 y tars of age. A
practical knowledge of Trees, Shrubs, and Flowers is necessary.
The salary will be 251. a week, with a house and garden.
Applications in the handwriting of the Candidate, stating age,
whether married or single, number of children, and previous
occupation, with Testimonials, must be addressed to the Burial
Board, and delivered at the Burial Board Office, not later than
the ist of October next. Canvassing not allowed.
The Candidate selected will be required to commence his
duties on the 1st of November next. All particulars of duties
may be obtained from the undersigned,
PHILIP SMITH SPARLING, Clerk to the Board.
Burial Board Office, St. John Street, Colchester. — Sept. 12, 1883.
WANTED, a steady, active, and industrious
married MAN (without family preferred), to take the
Management of a small Branch Nursery and Plant-houses.
Residence in the nursery.— REUBEN TOWLER, The Vale of
Mowbray Nurseries, Eedale, Yorks.
WANTED, a young man who is a good
PROPAGATOR of Soft and Hard-wocded Piants.
also a good GROWER of Pot Roses. One preferred from a
Nursery. 20J. per week, with rising wages. — WALTER
GREEN, Gardener, Crow Nest Park, LightcUflfe, near
Halifax.
WANTED, a PROPAGATOR and
GROWER. Must be a first-class Grower of Pot
Roses, Soft and Hard-wooded Stuff, as well as the usual Deco-
rative Plants. Cut Flowers, &c , to furnish a Retail Trade.
Preference given to one from a Market Nursery. To an ener-
getic and suitable man this will be a permanent situation. —
Applv, stating references age, and wages expected, to ALEX.
DICKSON AND SONS, Nurserymen, Newtownards, Belfast.
WANTED, a steady, energetic MAN, well
up in Growing all good stuff for Market. — None need
apply unless good experience in this respect. — POLLARD,
The Willows, Garratt, Tooling.
WANTED, a Married Couple, for place of
trust — GARDENER, or superior FARM
LABOURER— Church people, without young children.—
Miss COOKE, Beckley Grove, near Oxford.
ri^O FLORISTS, NURSERYMEN, &c.— An
-L OPENING presents itself for a MANAGER to a
Nursery of about 12 acres, in full working order, at Tcoting. —
Address, staling qualifications, salary required, &c., to CHAIR-
MAN, 66, Ludgate HiH, E.C.
WANTED, an active young MAN, under
the Foreman, in Nursery Houses. — State age and
refetences to G P., Hertford, Herts.
T^TANTED, a young man (age 17) as IM-
VV PROVER under Glass and in the Kitchen Garden,
where six are kept. He must be a Churchman, steady and
honest, and mubt have a good character. — J. W. ROLFE, The
Grove, Great Saling, near Braintree, Essex.
ANTED, a SHOPMAN and partial
MANAGER (married), for a Provincial Seed Business.
Abstainer preferred. Must have had experience, and character
unexceptional. State age, wages, and where last and previ-
ously employed.— JOHN SCOTT, Royal Nurseries, Merriott.
ANTED, a JUNIOR CLERK, for
Nursery and Seed Trade.— State age, experience, and
wages required, to JOHN. JEFFERIES and SONS,
Cirencester.
I
September 22, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
383
Seed Trade — Soutli of Ireland.
WANTED, a SECOND SHOPMAN, for
the Counter Trade, where a very select luisiness is
being conducted. He must be smart and active, aiid of sober
habits. Five or six years' experience at least. Terms would
be progressive according to merit— Flea'e seed references and
terms lo WILLIAM 13. HARTLAND, 24, Patrick Sireet,
Cork.
ANTED, a WAREHOUSEMAN, for a
London Wholesale House, one used to Warehoii'.e
work. Active, honest, and sober.— NUTTING and SONS,
60, Barbican. E.G.
WANTED, a LADY, in a Florist's Shop.
— W-iRts 155. per week. Must be used to the tr.ide,—
E. DENSON AND CO., Nurserymen, Foxberry Road,
Brockley, S.E.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be tiiade payable at
DRURY LANE.
T^^HE" LIVERPOOL^ HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, Garston, wish to
inform any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in want of a
first-rate man as GARDENER, or GARDENER and
BAILIFF, that they are at present in a position to recommend
an exceptionally good man,
G. jTe N D E R S O N and son
• have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and sf^id characier walling re-engaEcments
as HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FOREMEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticul.irs to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring such. — Pine-
apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W,
I C H A R D SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
S. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURN E YM AN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — HoUoway, N
RCHID GROWER, or HEAD WORK-
ING GARDENER. — Age 30, single; thoroughly
skilled in the Cultivation of Orchids, also Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, having had thirteen years' practical experience in the
profession. —W. MAY, zz. Great Quebec Street, Montague
Square, W.
ARDENER (He.4d).— Thoroughly prac-
tical in all branches, or to Grow for Market, also Land
and Stock. Wife good Dairywoman. Seven years' character.
— E. NASH, Parsonage Farm Road, Beckington, Bath.
GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or
Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical
man in all branches. — Age 36, married ; twenty years' experi-
ence in good establishments. Ten years' good character.^
C. G., log. Cromwell Road, Redhill, Surrey.
GARDENER (Head).— Wm. Alexander,
for nearly five years Gardener to Sir Hugh Dalrymple,
Bart., Luchie, leaves in October, and is desiiouit of securing
another situation in the above capacity. — WM. ALEXANDER,
Luchie Gardens. North Berwick, East Lothian.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 40 ; thoroughly
practical in Vines, Fruit, Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Seven years' excellent character. Wife can manage Dairy or
Poultry. At liberty end of Oclober. GARDENER, Provi-
dence Cottage, Kew Bridge.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married ;
twenty-four years' practical experience in Noblemen's and
Gentlemen's establishments. Excellent reference from present
employer. — C. CHAPLIN^ The Gardens, Jersey House.
Withington, Manchester.
/^ARDENER (Head).— Mr. Armstrong,
V_J Manager, The Vineries, Counterthorpe, Ru^by, will be
glad to recommend a young man of first-rate ability, in the
above capacity. Has had good experience in several first-class
gardens.
ARDENER (Head), in a large
establishment ; age 31, married, no family (Scotch). — £,S
Bonus given for procuring Advertiser suitable appointment as
above. Thoroughly efficient. Highest testimonials and refer-
ences. — GARDENER, Gardejiers' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.
GARDENER (Head); age 35, married,
two children. — The Advertiser is open to an engagement
with any Lady or Gentleman ; nineteen years' practic.il experi-
ence in all branches of Gardening. Good refeiences. Eight
and a half years in last situation. — For particulars apply to
GEORGE BUTTERY, Coley. Wolsley Bridge, Stafford.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 32 ; for upwards
of three years Foreman to Mr. C. Howe, Gardener to
Sir Richard Sutton, Ban., who would be pleased to recommend
him to any Lady or Gentlemen requiring the services of a
thorough practical man. First-class character from present and
previous employers.— RICHARD BRETT, The Gardens,
Benham Park, Newbury. Berks.
GARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married (one
boy, 8 years). — Mr. Davis. Gardener to Lord Dormer,
Grove Park, Warwick, will be pleased to recommend to any
Nobleman or Gentleman a thoroughly practical, industrious,
energetic man as above ; a high-class Fruit Grower and excel-
lent Plantsman and Orchid Grower. Flower and Kitchen Gar-
dener, and one fully competent to Manage a large Establishment.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29;
has had considerable experience in Gardening in all its
branches. Good references. Four years in present situation. —
S. SMITH, Obbaston Hull, Hinckley, Leicester.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Married ;
thraroughly competent and trustworthy. Nineteen years'
experience in good Gentlemen's and Nurserymen's establish-
ments. First-cl;iss testimonials as to character.— JAMES
VINCE, Foreman, Clark Bros. & Co.. Nurserymen, Carlisle.
GARDE NE"r (Head Working), where
three or more are kept.— Age 32, single ; brought up in
the profession. Would prefer where sister could take charge or
help in Laundry.— HEAD GARDENER, Moor Park Gardens,
Farnham, Surrey.
GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or more are kept. — Married, no family : thoroughly ex-
perienced in the Early and L.ite Forcing of Grapes, Peaches,
Cucumbers and Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and the
general routine of Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good
character.— S. W., Chapel Lane, Hellingdon, Middlesex.
(^ ARDENER (HEAD WORKING) ; age 29.—
VX E. Ci-ARKE, Gardener, Cannon Hall, Barnsley, can
confidently recommend his Foreman. John Street, to any one
requiring the services of a man well up in Fruit and Plant
Growing in quantity. Two years in present situation.— Apply
as above.
ARDENER (HEAD Working); age 30.—
Mr. B. Beale. Gardener to E. A. Hambro, Esq., H.^yes
Place, Hayes, lieckenham. Kent, can with every confidence
recommend his Foreman, Charles Blick, who has been with him
two and a half years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the
service of a thorough good Gardener. First-class character and
testimonials.
ARDENER (Head Working, or Single-
handkd).— Age 32, married, no family ; experienced in
Grapes, Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardening.
Wife good Needlewoman and Cook. Excellent character.
England preferred. — W. SEALEY, 7, Highland Place,
Aberdare, Wales.
CI ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).
T — Age 3t, married ; thoroughly experienced in Early and
Late Forcing, and the General Management of Flower and
Kitchen Gardens. Good character.— A. B., J. Smith, near
Church, Bletchley, Bucks. ^
/^ARDENER (Head, or good Single-
\Ia handed). — Married ; understands Gardening in all its
branches. Good references. — S. H., Mr. Hayward, Post-otfice,
Milton Street, Maidstone.
GARDENER (Head or good Single-
handed. — Age 30. married ; thoroughly understands
the Cultivation of Plants, Growing, and Early and Late Forcing,
— H. B., 38, South Hill Road, Gravesend. Kent.
GARDENER (Head, or good Single-
[handed). — Age 29, married; understands Grapes,
Cucumbers, Melons, Greenhouse. Flower and Kitchen Garden-
ing, including Carpet Bedding and Wall Fruit. Fourteen years'
experience. Good character. — W. GREEN, Doggett's,
Rochford, Essex.
GARDENER.— Age 25 ; eight years' Gar-
dener to the late Mr. J. R. Scoit, of Walthamstow.
Understands Orchids. Good references.— B. SHIP, Mis. Scott,
The Drive, Walthamstow.
GARDENER, with help (or good Single-
handed) — Age 30 ; abstainer. Good character ; under-
stards In and Outdoor Work. State particulars.— R. LAKE,
9, Ryder Terrace, Twickenham.
GARDENER (Single-handed, or other-
wise ) — Age 30, married, no children ; understands Vines,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Total abstainer. Good
character.— L. TODD, Cherhi]!, Calne, Wilts.
GARDENER (Second), where three or
four are kept. — Age 27; willing to assist outside.
Good references.— J. E., 62, Queen's Crescent, Haverstock
Hill, London, N.W.
GARDENER (Under), Outside.— Age 22 ;
four years' experience. Good character. — C. D.,
3, David's Terrace, Plashet Road, Plaistow.
C GARDENER (Under), in a Nobleman's or
X Gentleman's Garden. — Two years' good character.
Willing to pay a small Premium.-G. PENDKED, 4, Well's
Terrace, Well's Road, Sydenham, S E.
GARDENER (Under) ; age 22.— A Head
Gardener wishes to recommend as above. Very re-
spectable, and has a good character. No objection to Bothy. —
G. G., Ivy Cottage, Crowthorne, Berks,
ARDENER (Under), in a good place.—
Has been in two first-class establishments— for the last
three years at Longleat. Character unexceptionable. — E.
HAMBLIN, Kilmersdon, near Bath, Somerset.
ARDENER (Under), in the Houses ;
Scotch.— The Gardener, Burley Lodge. Newbury,
Berks, can with confidence recommend a young man as above.
Eight years' experience. Strictly steady.
C^ROOM and GARDENER, in a small
X place. — No objection to make himself useful. Two years
in last situation. — E. THOMAS, Remenham Hill, Henley-on-
Thames.
FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a Nobleman's
or Gentleman's establishment. — Age 24 ; leven and a
half years' experience. Good character from past and present
situation. — G. WING, Dunchurch, Rugby.
FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
establishment. — Age 27 ; four years in present situation
as Foreman. — A. B., The Gardens, Byrkley Lodge, Burton-on-
Trent.
FOREMAN.— G. Fletcher, Gardener to
W. Hargreaves, Esq,, Moss Bank, Bolton, wishes to
recommend a young man as above. ^ Well up under Glass. —
For particulars address as above.
I;j^OREMAN, in the Houses, or General.—
Age 27. Good knowledge of Gardening in all its
branches. Three and a half years in present situation, three in
previous. Leaving for no fault. Good references. Bothy
preferred. — G. C , The Gardens, Winslade, near Exeter.
To Head Gardeners and Niu-serymen.
FOREMAN, or under a Foreman in a first-
rate establishment. — Age ao ; is desirous of improving
himself in all branches of Gardening. Has been with Mr. G. T.
Miles, Wycombe Abbiry Gardens ; and with Mr. A. F. Barron, at
Chiswick. A small Premium will be paid if necessary. — A. B,,
Mr. Richard Dean, Ranelaigh Road. Ealing, Middlesex.
To Nurserymen.
FOREMAN (General), Outdoors, or FORE-
MAN and PROPAGATOR. -Specialties— Roses, Fruits,
and Ornamental ShruLs, &c. Has sixteen years' first-class
testimonials for workmanship and skill from Messrs, R, Smith
& Co., Worcester ; Messrs. Paul & Son, Waitham Cross, and
others. —H. BUTLER, Peopleton, Per^hore, near Worcester.
OREMAN, or ORCHID GROWER, in a
good establishment.— Age 28 ; three and a half years'
good character from present situation. — W. ELBREY, The
Gardens, Fernichursl, Shipley, Leeds.
OREMAN, or KH^ST JOURNEYMAN.
— Age 24 ; ten years' experience ; four years in last place.
Highly recommended. — HORTUS, 22, Ellesmere Street,
Crumpsal, Manchester.
OREMAN PROPAGATOR ^
GROWER of Fruits, Roses. Bulbs, Lily of the Valley,
Ferns, and Flowering Plants for Cut Bloom and Market. Many
years in the London trade. Single; good character. — X,, Mr.
Nurse, EUord Road, Whittington, Staffordshire.
To Nurserymen.
PROPAGATOR (Indoors).— Age 24 ; ten
years' practical experience in the Propagating and Grow-
ing of Roses, Clematis, Conifers, and General Soft-wooded
Stuff, Good at Bouquets and Wreaths. First-class references.
— Apply, stating wages, to E. G. W., The Gardens, Peasmarsh
Place, Sussex.
ROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Good
knowledge of Roses, Clematis, Coniferse, &c. — W. S.,
63, Longstone Road, Eastbourne.
To Nurserymen.
PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— One of
the most practical men in the Trade, Market or otherwise.
First-class references. — A. B., Messrs. Clibran & Son, Oldfield
Nurseries, Alttincham.
JOURNEYMAN.— a handy lad (age i8),
tJ accustomed to the work of the Houses, attending Fires,
very useful in the Flower and Kitchen Garden. Active and
steady. — A. M,, Mr. Fowle, Dogniersfield Gardens, Winchfield,
Hants.
ROWER of PLANTS for Market. —
Understands Poinsettias and Pelargoniums well ; two
years under a first-class grower. — G. C, Prince, Stationer,
Surbiton Hill, Surrey.
0 GENTLEMEN and GROWERS for
MARKET.— Mr. W. Cale can recommend a thoroughly
competent man of many years' experience to Manage a Large
Place, and Grow for Market, Fruit, Tomatos, Cucumbers,
Orchids, and Plants for Cut Flowers, &c. — 4, Tavistock Row,
Covent Garden, W.C.
O GENTLEMEN and GROWERS.—
Advertiser seeks an eneagement to Grow Fruit and Cut
Flowers in quantity. Twenty year^' experience. Good refer-
ence.— J. S., 3, Slrathern Villas, Warwick Road, Sutton,
Surrey.
STATE MANAGER.— Mr. Alfred
OuTRAM will have great pleasure in recommending to
any Nobleman or Gentleman a thorough practical man capable
of Managing a Large Estate, well versed m the various branches
connected with Gardening, Woods, Forest, Farming, and Stock
Raising. The very highest of testimonials can be produced.
— R. G., ?2, Lowther Sireet, Kendal.
IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden, under
a Foreman. — Age 18 ; good references.- B. KENT, Min-
stead, Lyndhurst, Hants.
SHOPMAN, or otherwise. — Many years'
experience in all departments. Would accept Commis-
sions from Continental Houses for Seeds or Sundries. Teims
moderate. — HORTUS, 15, London Street, Paddington, W.
HOPMAN (Head), or SECOND in a
good House. — Age 23; highly recommended. — A. B., 3,
Park Terrace, Cavendish Road, Balham. S.W.
SHOPMAN (Second), in a good Retail
Seed Establishment.— Nearly four years' experience in
the Nursery and Seed Trade. First-class references. -~
B. A., R. Cooper, 90, Southwark Street, S.E.
HOPMAN (Assistant), or CLERK.—
Eight years' experience. Good references. London pre-
ferred.—ALPHA, 76, Wynn Street, Birmingham.
T"'0 NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, and
FLORISTS.— Advertiser (age 38). willing to work, wants
a situation in a first-class house, where he would have an oppor-
tunity of making himself proficient in all branches. Has some
knowledge of the business. Excellent references.— A. B., 170,
Ladbroke Grove Road, Notting Hill. W.
H OLLO WAY'S PILLS.— HaleConstitutions.
— When the human frame has become debilitated from
the effects of exposure, excesses, or neglect, then these Pills
will work wonders. If they be taken according to the lucid
directions wrapped round each box. Holioway's Pills exert the
most exemplary tonic qnalilies in all those cases of nervous de-
pression in which the vital powers have become so weakened
that the circulation has been rendered languid and unsteady.
They improve the appetite, strengthen the digestion, regulate
the liver, and act as gentle aperients. The Pilis are suited to
all ages and all habits. A patient writes ;— *' Your Pills, to be
valued, require only to be known. During many years I
sought a remedy in vain, was daily becoming weaker, when
your Pills soon restored me.
384
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 22, 1883,
CARSON'S
PAINT.
PATRONISED BY
HER MAJESTY the QUEEN. H.R.H. the PRINCE of WALES. H.R.H. the DUKE of EDINBURGH.
The British Government. The Indian Government. The Colonial Governments. 15,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.
IS EXTENSIVELY USED FOR ALL KINDS OF
1 Cwt. aud Oil MlxttiTe
Carriage Free.
Discount for Cash.
OUTDOOR W^ORK.
IT IS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO
WOOD, IRON, BRICK, STONE and COMPO, CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES, &c.
SOLD IN ALL COLOURS. PRICES, PATTERNS, and TESTIMONIALS FREE.
WALTER CARSON & SONS,
LA. BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.G. ; BACHELORS' WALK, DUBLIN ;
SS, ROYAL AVENUE, BELFAST.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes,
Illustrated CATALOGUE, x/^th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Patent EeUance Rotary Valves.
PAXTON'S CALENDAR.
NOW READY, A REVISED EDITION OF
The COTTAGER'S Calendar
GARDEN
OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.
Price 3d. ; post-free, Sid. ; 20s. per 100.
If ordered in quantities of not less than 200, Carriage will be paid to any part of the United Kingdom.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O.
.ciif^^^'^K A
g_-.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
of every description con-
structed, erected, fitted,
and heated.
|T.H.P.Dennis&Co.,
Mansion House Buildings,
London, E.C.
Works : Cbelmsford.
5 should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The PuWisher," at the Office, 41. WelHnEton Street, Cove"t^rden London. W.C.
:haeds, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefnars, City of London, m llie County of Middlesex, and PubUshed by
Editorial Communications s
Printed by William Richards, .lu luc vymi-c u. i"t33,o. i.nn./nuiv. ,*>«......,« w«., — . --- . & . v 00
the said William Richards, at the Office, 4t, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, beptember 22, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Hkvwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
3, w.c. m
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
CstatjlisJctJ 1841.
No. 509.— Vol. XX. {s^k'.esJ SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1883. {p'*„;
egislered at llie General 7 Price 6d.
Post-office as a Newspaper, JPosT-FREE, sj</.
CONTENTS.
Adiantum cuneatiim
408
Laelia clegans
403
Anemone jnponica
40S
Last Wfrds, Darwin's ..
402
Apple, the Congress
400
Lilium auratnm ..
408
„ Court Pendu-Plat..
40s
Lilies, Belladonna
4 9
„ .lihow, Chiswick ..
407
Linum trigynum
4C9
,, Lane's Prince Albert
40S
Maxillaria xaricosa
392
Apples, bush, at Messrs.
Melons and Cucumbers .
399
Lee's . .
404
., new ..
409
,, dwarf, at Messrs.
Morus alba
403
Vcitch's..
404
Nice, the International
Australia, the vegetation
Exhibition at ..
400
of
^QO
Notes, Erockhurst
393
Bread, native Jamaica ..
4c8
OdoDtogtossum crispum
395
Catlleya, the large-
Olearia Haastii ..
403
Howered
404
Onions, underground . .
402
Chrysanthemum Show,
Orchid nctes
396
National
408
Orchids at Mr. Phill-
,, Society, Lambeth
brick's ..
398
amateur . .
^gt>
„ Dr. Boddaert's ..
400
Colchicum maximum . .
4oy
Peach tree planting
405
Cornucopia, the . .
408
Peaches and Nectarines
398
Corynocarpus la'vigalus
^qb
„ Lancashire . .
4c8
Covenl Garden | . .
402
Pear Beurrfi Bosc
405
Cycad cone, laige
40<)
,, tree moving
406
Dendrobiums in vineries
408
Pelargonium disease
4 3
Eucharis ,.
408
Pitcairnia alba . .
403
,, amazonica ..
?qS
Plants and their culture
^93
Ferncres
^02
,, for dwellings
Fig, Brown Turkey
40t
Psidium Catlleyanuin . .
Flower garden ..
^q8
Pumpkins ..
Flowers, how modified ..
^0=5
Rock garden, the
396
Forests in Ireland
400
Rosery, the
406
Gentiana ornala . .
396
Royal Caledonian Show
402
Geums, hybrid ..
408
Shrub=, hardy wall
4cg
Glass shelters in the
Societies :—
North
402
Norfolk and Norwich
Glasnevin . .
180
Horticultural
409
Grapes, Trentham
4o<;
Spring bulbs
394
Growth, force of . .
400
Statice Suworowii
Heaths, hardy
^04
'* The Jersey Gardener "
Hobday, short August . .
■^qt
Vanda insignis ..
392
Hyacinths for market . .
4C2
,, Sanderiana
402
Irises, notes on . .
406
Vegetation of the coal
Java, vegetable products
^9i
period
403
Kidney Potato Welford
Violets in frames
399
Park
408
Wall plants from an old
Kitchen gai den ..
ILL
399
USTJ
garden
NATIONS.
402
Statice Suworowii
396
397
401
405
Apple Court Pendu-Plat
405
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
READING HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
A CHRySANTHEMUM SHOW fin connection with the
above) will be held at Reading, on NOVEMBER 22. Regula-
tions and Schedule of Prizes on application to
97, London Street, Reading. ^^- SMITH, Secretary.
E,
BEAUTIFUL NEW EUCHARIS.
EUCHARIS SANDERL
Invaluable for Cut Flowers and General Decoration.
5i. each : taken by the dozen, 35. td. each ;
by the 100, IS. &d. each.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL, Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
SPECIMEN VARIEGATED ALOES.—
For sale, three large specimen variegated Aloes, fine, healthy,
well-grown plants in tubs. Full pariiculars on application to
F. &A. DICKSON & SONS.The "Upton "Nurseries, Chester.
New Carnations and Flcotees.
S. DODWELL'S LIST of New Varieties
is now ready, and may be had on application.
Stanley Road, Oxford.
PHEASANT-EYED NARCISSUS.— Bulbs
of this sweet-scented Narcissus 105. per bushel, 6s. per
J^ bushel, 3^. dd. per peck. Sptcial offer for quantities over
5 bushels. Cash with order. Package free.
W. R. ALDERSON, Bell Farm, Hersham, Surrey.
Special Culture of
FRUIT TREES and ROSES.— A large and
select slock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The Desciipiive CATALOGUE of Roses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worlh. Herts.
CABBAGE PLANTS, Early Rainham, and
Enfield Market.lbest sorts, 2r. ()d, per icoo ; best Sovereign
RHUBARB ROOIS. and earliest in cultivation, for planting-
out, 2J. per doren ; SEAKALE and ASPARAGUS ROOTS,
cheaper than any man in the trade, price on application.
Scarlet King DAISIES, for planting-out, is. per ico.
RICHARD WALKER, Market Gardens, Biggleswade, Beds.
To the Trade.
JM O O Y, Florist and Seedsman,
• Haarlem, Holland (established 1830), begs to inform his
Commercial Friends that he has arrived in London as usual
with a good selection of FLOWER ROOTS, and is staying at
t2, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
Deutzla gracUls.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
Orclilds, Bulbs, Lilies.
THE NEW PLANT and BULB COM-
PANY. Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64, containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer GLADIOLI SPIKES, DAHLIAS, single and
double; PYRETHRUMS, single and double ; PHLOXES and
TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
RH. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials,
post-free on application.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen, Worcester.
LUy of the VaUey.
I ULSTER AND KOLLMANN, Lubeck, near
-i Hamburg, offer the above, 3-yr. old, extra strong
CrowQS, at 345. per icoo. Three months terms, or terms for
cash price, on application.
REEFERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Tea Roses— Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
PINES.— To be disposed of, ^6 Fruiting
plants, mostly Queens and Smooths ; and same number
of Succession, and two dozen well-rooted Suckers, all clean and
healthy. Apply to
J. GARDNER, The Gardens. Elsham Hall, Brigg, Lincolnshire.
Prize Cob Filbert Trees.
GENTLEMEN desirous of obtaining
the true WEBB'S PRIZK COB FILBERT TREES,
for delivery in October and November, should now send their
orders to Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., Calcot Gardens, Reading^
of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on application.
To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &o.
ACATTANEO, COMMISSION Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden,
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.
ESSRS. SQUELCH AND BARN HAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
Wanted. Choice Cut Flowers.
WILLIAM DEN MAN, Salesman and
Horticultural Agent. Covent Garden, W.C, will
be pleased to RECEIVE LARGE or SMALL CONSIGN-
MENTS of the above. Lowest quotations solicited for sirong
plants of TREE CARNATIONS.
N B.— LILY of the VALLEY CROWNS, SPIR^A,
DUTCH and other BULBS, &c., for DISPOSAL. Send for
LISTS.
W WEEKS, Nurseryman, 440, Fulham
• Road, S.W., is a BUYER of large PALMS. Agood
price given for Kectias.
WANTED,^i-yr. and2-yr. Seedling QUICKS
and Standard Keswick APPLES. State lowest cash
prices, and send samples to
R. CRUST AND SON, Nurserymen, Spalding.
ANTED, PINES, PEACHES, NEC-
TARINES, TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS. GRAPES,
PEARS. &c. Also GARDENIAS, STEPHANOTIS,
EUCHARIS, White CAMELLIAS, Mar^chal Niel and other
ROSES, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit & Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden.
African Tuberoses.
TAMES CARTER,DUNNETTandBEALE
^-f have just received advices of the shipment of their Bulbs,
and are now prepared to make special low quotations to large
buyers. 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C.
LARGE SPECIMEN CAMELLIAS
for Sale, to make room. LIST on application to
E. COOLING, Derby.
ROSES ON OWN ROOTS.—
Best varieties. Red Glotre de Dijon, Baroness Roths-
child, &c., from open ground. Strong plants, free by Parcels
Post, four for zs. 6d., or ys. per dozen Iree.
MAIRIS AND CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
JULES DE COCK, Ornamental Plant Nur-
sery, Ghent, Belgium. — Many thousand AZALEAS,
INDICA, MOLLIS, and PONTICA ; DEUiZIA. HELLE-
BORUS, SPIR^AS, are disposable. CATALOGUE free on
application-
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from 12s. to 24^. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
RIMULAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEO-
LARIAS. — Bull's choice strain of the above, in good trans-
planted Seedlings, at 8s. per 100, y&s. per 1000, package and
carriage free for cash with orders. Good strong Mar^chal Niel
and other Tea ROSES, in 48-pots, at 605. per 100.
T. FLETCHER and SON. Florists, &c., Chesterfield.
CHOICE FLOWERS for WINTER. —
TREE CARNATIONS, Gloire de Nancy, La Belle.
A. Alegati^re, and other fine kinds, strong plants, 40J. per 100.
BOUVARDIAS, fine plants, with 15 to 30 shoots, best market
sorts, including Alfred Neuner, 40s. per 100.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.
VIES—IVIES— IVIES.—
Broad and Narrow- leaved, Gold and Silver Variegated,
from pots. gj. per dozen. Six or more, fine healthy plants
(my own selection), delivered free on receipt of Postal Order.
E. CHAM BERLAIN, Nurseryman, i. Pilgrim's Lane,
Hampstead, N.W.
A Q U I LE G I A GLANDULOSA
-t\. (GRIGOR'S, guaranteed true).
Twelve Plants of this beautiful Columbme, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the Unitei Kingdom, at 6s. per
dozen. Cash with order,
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres, N.B.
ARNATION, " MARY MORRIS."
Plants ready for delivery in October-
First-class Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
1882. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, of
great size, very full, and of perfect shape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardeners' Chronicle, August 4, 1883, page 146.
Price and all particulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmhh Street, Drury Lane, W.C.
A FRICAN TUBEROSES.— Our first con-
-i^^ signment of Bulbs, grown especially for us, are now
arriving in splendid condition. Those who have not placed
their orders, are lespectfully recommended now to do so without
delay.
HOOPER and CO.. Covent Garden. London, W.C
Bpeclmen Hybrid Rhododendrons.
RB. LAIRD AND SONS (Successors to
• the late Firm of Downie & Laird), have for disposal a
few extra fine specimens of the above in tubs, and well set with
buds. A LIST of the sorts, with heights, will be sent on
application.
Royal Winter Garden. Edinburgh.
("IHILANTHUS ELEGANS.— A splendid
^^ specimen of the above for sale, measuring 4 feet in
diameter. Too large for owner's house. For particulars apply to
H. BUTLER, Elmore, Chipstead, Merstham, Surrey.
Until the Stock is Exhausted,
CHARLES NOBLE will supply the finest
forcing clumps of crowns ever otTcred of ; —
SPIR/EA PALMATA at 155. and ics. per 100, 130s. per 1000.
„ JaPONICA, i2S. 6d. per 100. looi. per 1000.
Orders with cash or reference should be sent at once — Bagshot.
TRAWBERRY RUNNERS, from 20 choice
varieties, price 31. per joo, 12s. 6d. per 500, sos. per loco.
Free by Parcels Post, 4J. per 100. Terms cash. Sample and LIST
free.— W, LOVEL and SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield.
T R A WB E R R I E S— Next Summer, by
plarjting now : capital roots, 4J. per loo ; 6d. extra per 100
for delivery by Parcels Post. In a Few Months, by forcing :
plants in pots, 165, per 100. Only the best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
TRAWBERRIES.— We are now prepared
to supply strong healthy Plants, from ground and in
pots, of all the most approved kinds. A select descriptive
LIST post-free on applicaiion.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth, Herts.
386
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Dutcli Bulbs.— Great Unreserved Sales,
Every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at half-past ii o'clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULI PS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Hol-
land, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the RoomSf
and 8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Upper footing Pari, Ealham, S.W.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. C. Youne; (who is relinquishing
Ihe business owing to ill-heaith) to SELL by AUCTION, on
the Premises, The Nursery, Upper Tooting Park. S.W., about
ten minutes' walk from Balham Station, on TUESDAY, October
2, at 12 o'clock precisely, without leserve. a large quantity of
remarkably well grown NURSERY STOCK in excellent
condition for removal, consisting of thousands of Ornamental
Trees. Evergreens, and Coniferje, Fruit Trees, and a variety of
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Palms, Ferns, Azaleas, Camellias,
and other stock. May now be viewed.
Catalogues may be had tjn the Premises, and of the Auc-
tioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
N.B.— The LEASE of the OLD ESTABLISHED NUR-
SERY is for DISPOSAL on moderate terms. Particulars of
the Auctioneers as above.
Abbey Wood, Kent.— Clearance Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and iMORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, ihe Abbey
Wood Nursery and the Orchard Nursery, Lessness Heath,
within a few minutes' walk of the Abbey Wood Station, on
WEDNESDAY, October 3, at 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of
Mr. Henry and Mrs Havetock, a large quantity of well-grown
NURbERY STOCK, including a variety of specimen ConiferEe,
500 finely (urnihhed Cupressus Lawsoniana, 5 to 9 feet ; hand-
some specimen Variegated and Green Hollies, of sorts, &c.; the
whole in fine conduion for removal.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Richmond, S.W,— Without Reserve.
IMPORTANT SALE of beautifully grown TREES and
SHRUBS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. G, & W. Steeil to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Gas Field Nursery, Sandy
Lane, and the Sheen Common Nursery, Richmond, Surrey,
S.W., about seven minutes' walk from the Richmond Railway
Stations, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, October 3 and
4, at 12 o'clock precisely each day (in order to make room for
other stock), an immense quantity of NURSERY STOCK, the
whole of which is in good condition for removal, having been
transplanted within the last two years. It comprises large
numbers of specimen CONIFER/E and EVERGREENS,
such as Standard and Pyramid Portugal LAURELS, 3 to 5
feet ; Hybrid and Standard R HODODENDRONS, 3 to 7 feet ;
THUJAS and CUPRESSUS in large quantities, CEDRUS
ATLANTICA, and others. Standard and other specimen
Variegated and Green HOLLIES, fine plants; FLOWERING
SHRUBS in great variety, ORNAMENTAL and FOREST
TREES, itoo Standard and Dwarf ROSES, thousands of
small SHRUBS for potting, &c.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had of Messrs. G.
AND W. STEELL, The Nursery, Kew Road, Richmond, S.W. ;
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street. E.C.
Friday Next.
VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS, in the best conditioD,
by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 63, Cheapside, E C, on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely. ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI,
O. VEXILLAklUM, O. GRANDE, O. CRISPUM (Ale.xan-
dra: of the best type). CATTLEYA MENDELI, C. TRIAN7E,
C. AUREA, C. DOWIANA ; MASDEVALLIA MAC-
RURA, M. HARRYANA ; ODONTOGLOSSUM PHALjE-
NOPSIS, ONCIDIUMS. &c.
On view of morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and
8. New Broad Street. E.C.
Brixton, S,W.
TWO n.4YS' SALE of WELL GROWN NURSERY
STOCK, all recently transplanted, and in fine condition.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Nur-
sery. Loughborough Park, Brixton, S.W., on FRIDAY and
SATURDAY, Octobet 5 and 6, at 12 o'Clock precisely each
day, by order of Messrs Ponsford & Son, a large quantity of
well grown NURSERY STOCK, comprismg 1500 Aucubas,
25CO Laurels of sorts, 1500 Cupressus, &c. ; 2500 Box. 3000 oval
and Box-leaved Privet, 5000 Variegated and Green Euonymus,
1500 Flowering Shrubs, 700 handsome Standard Planes, Limes,
Poplars, and other Ornamental and Forest Trees ; Hardy
Climbers, 1500 Green and Variegated Ivies, 500 Ampelopiis
Veitchii, Fruit Trees, looo fine Standard Mulberries; also a
variety of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, 5000 Ferns, 2000
Azaleas, Camellias and Bouvardia-;, 1000 Summer and Autumn
Flowering Chrysanthemums, and other Stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may he had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C. ___„
Tuesday, October 9.— Unreserved Sale of
A small but well grown COLLECTION of CHOICE
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, the stock of a Gentleman
who is giving no their cultivation.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will include the above in their SALE, to take place at
the Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on
TUESDAY, October 9, to commence sharp at half-past 12
o'clock. The collection includes some fine species of PHALjTi^-
NOP.SIS AMABILIS, SCHILLERIANA .and GRANDI-
FLORA; also CATTLEYA DOWIANA. C. AUREA, C.
SCHILLERIANA. C. MAXIMA. C. TRIAN.S. C. ELDO-
RADO. C. MENDELII, C. SUPERBA SPLENDENS, C.
GIGAS IMPERIAHS. a magnificent variety ; MASDE-
VALLIA DAVISII, VEITCHII, AMABILIS. L.«LIA
HARPOPHYLLA, AUTUMNALIS. and PURPURATA ;
several fine pieces and superb v.irieties of ODONTOGLOS-
SUM ALEXANDR/E. O. TRIUMPHANS, O. HALLT,
O. RADIATUM, O. MADRENSE. CCELOGYNE ORIS-
TATA. VAN DA GIGaNTEA and TERES, LYCASTE
FULVESCENS. ONCIDIUM FORBESII, &c.
On view moinmg of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.C,
Weybrldgo.
About a mile from Weybridge or Walton Stations.
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of well-
grown NURSERY STOCK, the I^r.d being required for
Building Purposes.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on ihe Premises, the Oat-
lands Park Nursery, Wevbridge, Surrey, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY, October 9 and 10, at 12 o'Clock precisely each
day, by order of Mr. Henry Chapman, about 6 Acres of
unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK, lotted to suit the
Trade and other large Buyers, including 9000 Portugal Laurels,
1 to 5 feet; 8300 Laurels, 4 inches to 3 feet j 1100 Green
Hollies; 2000 Weymouih Pines, i to 7 feet; 1500 English
Yews, I to 4 feet ; large quantities of Cupressus, Thuias, and
Thuiopsis of sorts ; thousands of small Coniferas (or gruwing-on,
comprising 6o30 Retinosporas of sorts, 4000 green and varie-
gated Euonymus, 7000 seedling Hollies, 2-yr. transplanted ;
15,000 Spruce Firs, 6 inches to 3 feet ; 5000 Privet, 6 inches to
4 feet ; 3000 Limes, 3 to 10 feet ; an assortment of specimen
ConiferBG and Evergreen Shrubs in the borders ; r4oo Forest
Trees of sorts ; and large quantities of other Stock, too numer-
ous to mention. Also;i variety of GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including 400 Maidenhair Ferns in 48-pots, and 50 specimen
Azalea indica, ij^ to 3 feet.
The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues may he had on
the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
N.B. — Goods may be transmitted from Weybridge station to
all parts. Purchasers may arrange with Mr. Chapman to have
their lots taken up and conveyed to the station at the cost of
labour and time incurred.
Lewisham, S.E.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of FERNS and
WINTER-FLOWERING PLANTS, in large quantities,
to suit extensive buyers.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Biggs to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, The Nursery, Lewisham, S.E., on TUES-
DAY, October r6, at 12 o'Clock precisely, 50,000 Maidenhair
FERNS, 2000 ditto in 32 and 4S-pots, many thousands of
PTERIS ARGVREA, LOMARIAS, CAMELLIAS and
AZALEAS in bud, BOUVARDIAS, HEATHS, EUCHARIS
AMAZONICA and CANDIDA. PALMS, Winter-flowering
CARNATIONS, PRIMULAS, DRAC/ENAS, loco specimen
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, and other Stock.
May be viewed.- Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New
Broad Street, E.C.
Ealing, W.— Preliminary Notice.
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE.
Important to Nobleman, Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and others
largely engaged in Planting.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instructions from Messrs. Charles Lee &
Son to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Ealing
Nursery, Ealing. W., several acres of exceptionably well-grown
NURSERY SIOCK, in young and thriving condition. Thou-
sands of FRUIT TREES, &c.
Catalogues will be published in due course, and may be had
at the Auctionters' offices as above.
Dutch Flower Roots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past ra o'clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
VANDA SANDERIANA.
L^ELIA ELEGANS ALBA.
L^LIA ELEGANS VAR.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, »t
his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. , on
THURSDAY NEXT, October 4, at half-past 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely, a splendid specimen of VANDA SANDERIANA, and
the finest established plant in the country ; also a superb
specimen of L/ELIA ELEGANS ALBA and ELEGANS
VAR. in flower ; with a fine lot of CATTLEYAS, ODON-
TOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.* and VEXILLARIUM,
M.\SDEVALLIA HARRYANA, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Sarracenlas.— New Varieties.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King
Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY, October 4 a
Grand Collection of New Hybrid SARRACENIAS, raised by
the most successful grower in the country, O. O. Wrigley, Esq.,
of Bury, consisting of many very distinct varieties, not yet in
commerce, and in splendid condition, being the finest lot ever
brought to auction, and sold by order of Mr. G. Toll, who has
purchased the entire stock from the raiser.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Important Sale of Established Orchids.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tioDS from Charles Dorman, Esq., of The Firs, Lawrie
Park, Sydenham, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Room-:,
38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY,
October ii, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, about 200 lots of
CHOICE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from his well-known
collections, comprising, amongst other fine things, good plants
of :—
Angrjecum eburneum
Cattleya aurea
Cattleya AlexandrEC
Cattleya exoniensis
Cattleya Sanderiana
Cattleya Skinneri alba
Cattleya Trianse Backhousiana
Cattleya ditto eboracensis
Cattleya ditto Dodgsoni
Coelogyne Cummingii
Coclogyne Massangcana
Oncidium curtum
Lycaste Skinneri alba
Masdevallia Harryana Mar-
shalH
Dendrobium Ainswotthii
Odontoglossum Andersonia-
num
Odontoglossum Krameri
Odontoglossum Ruckerianum
Odontoglossum Wilckeanum
Phaius tuberculosus
Epidendrum WalHsii
Miltonia Warscewiczella aethe-
rea
Cypripedium Schlimii
Cypripedium Spicerianum
Lielia anceps rosea
Lfelia anceps alba
Laelia anceps Dawsoni
Lxlia elegans alba
Masdevallia Veitchii grandi-
fiora
Dendrobium " BrymcrJanum ;
and Dendrobium Nobile
Nobilius, &c
On view raorninE of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Stove and Greenliouae Plants, the Property of a
NOBLEMAN.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, KiFg
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, October it, a
small COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, including a few specimen Azaleas, Dracaenas, Pan-
danus, Euphorbias, Adiantums, Ficus elastica, &c., all clean
and well-grown, the property of a Nobleman.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Esiablisned Orchids from a Private Collection.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY, October 11,
about 50 lots of good ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from a
private Collection, including Odontoglossums, Lycastes, Mas-
devalhas. Cypripediums, Lselias, and Cattleyas in variety, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Highly Important Sale of Specimen Camelllaair
AZALEAS, PaLMS, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has been favoured
with instructions from Hermann Rucker, Esq., to offer
for SALE by AUCTION, without reserve, on the Premises.
West Hill, Wandsworth, on TUESDAY, October 16, and
following days, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the entire
COLLECTION of PLANTS formed by the late Sigismund
Rucker, Esq. The collection is general, and comprises about
200 of the finest Camellias in the country, all beautifully set
with bloom ; about 200 Azaleas, fine Palms. Tree and other
Ferns ; a fine collection of Neiines. large Myrtles in tubs.
Stove Plants, and a few good ORCHIDS; also GARDEN
SEATS and CHAIRS. VASES, and PEDESTALS. CHINA
POTS and STANDS, SLATE TUBS, BELL GLASSES.
GARDEN TOOLS, &c.
On view the day prior and mornings of Sale, and Catalogues
had on ihe Premises, and of Mr. J. C STEVENS, Auctioneer
and Valuer, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Established Orchids.
MR." J. C STEVENS has received instruc- r
tions from J. Grimsbaw, Esq., of Leeds, to offer for 'I
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, T
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, October 2;. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, his entire COLLECTION of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising about 800 plants,
including specimen Vandas, Dendrobiums. Ccelogynes, and
Cattleyas ; Stanhopea Wardianum, in bloom ; Phalsenopsis
amabilis, with spikes ; some of the finest Cattleya Mossise and
TrianEE ever flowered, C. speciosissima in sheath, &c.
On view morning oF Sale, and Catalogues had.
Bowden, Cheshire.
IMPORTANT SALE of upwards of loo.oco valuable EVER-
GREENS, SHRUBS. CONIFERS, ROSES, FRUIT,
FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES, &c., being
the largest collection of coniferous plants ever submitted to
competition in this district.
MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND
have received instructions from Mr. John Shaw, who is
retiring from the Nursery business, to SELL by AUCTION,
on October 1, z, 3, and 4, at the Stamford Nurseries, Bowden,
Cheshire, the whole ot the valuable HORTICULTURAL
STOCK, which will be sold in lots suitable for the Trade and
private buyers.
For further particulars and Catalogues, apply to the
Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, Manchester.
N.B. — The Nurseries are situate 8 miles from Manchester.
Tansley Old Nursery, near Matlocu:. Derbyshire.
SECOND CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY STOCK,
comprising large quantities of Seedling Forest Trees and
Shrubs, Gorse, Broom, &c., for Covert; hardy Shrubs,
Herbaceous Plants, and other Stock.
MR. WM. SHUTES will SELL by AUC-
TION, unreservedly, on the grounds of the Tansley
Old Nursery, in the occupation of Mr. Stephen Smith, about
25^ miles from Matlock Bridge Station, Midland Railway, on
TUESDAY, October 16. Sale to commence at 11 o'Clock.
For Catalogues apply to the Auctioneer, or to Mr. STEPHEN
SMITH, Tansley Old Nursery. Matlock. The lots may be
viewed on Monday, October 15, also early on morning of Sale.
Auctioneer and Valjer's Office. Matlock Bridge.
Green Lane Nurseries,
Opposite the " Chequers Inn,'' Horley, Surrey, only a few
minutes' walk from the Railway Station ; 4 miles from
Redhill and Reigate, and 5 from Crawley, on the road from
London to Brighton.
TO NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS, and PRIVATE
GROWERS.
MESSRS. W. and H. STACEY are instructed
to SELL by AUCTION, in the above Nurseries (the
Land being wanted for other purposes), on WEDNESDAY,
October 17. at 11 for 12 o'Clock, in consequence of the number
of Lots, a large quantity of transplanted FOREST TREES,
CONIFERTE, DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL TREES,
and ORNAMENTAL CONIFEROUS TREES ; EVER-
GREEN, DECIDUOUS and FLOWERING SHRUBS;
Hardy CLIMBERS; HEDGE and FENCE PLANTS;
APPLES, PEARS. PLUMS, CHERRIES ; HYBRID PER-
PETUAL ROSES, Tea-scented, Noisette, Bourhon, Standards
and in Pots ; CLEMATIS, and a large quantity of SEED-
LING STOCK.
Catalogues may be had ten days prior to the Sale at the
principal Hotels and Inns in the district ; at the place of Sale,
or of Messrs. W. and H. STACEY, Auctioneers and Land
Agents, Redhill, Surrey.
Tansley Nurseries, near Matlock, Derbyshire!
To NOBLEMEN, GENTLEMEN, NURSERYMEN, and
OTHERS.
MR. G. MARSDEN respectfully announces
that he is instructed by Messrs. Samuel and James
Smith to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, at Tansley
Nurseries, near Matlock, on WEDNESDAY. THURSDAY,
and FRIDAY, October 17, 18, and iq, commencing punctually
at II o'clock each day, about 1300 lots of choice and highly
valuable NURSERY STOCK, consisting of about 300.000
transplanted Rhododendrons of the choicest specimens, growth,
and quality, in upwards of 350 named and common hybrids ;
«o,ooo Ivies and Laurels, immense lots of Retinospora plumosa
and aurea, in sizes suitable for all purposes ; Cupressus Law-
sonianaaurea. Golden Yews, Gold, Silver.and Green Hollies(some
thousands of singly grown specimens, many of large size); choice
specimens of Yew elegantissima, 6 to 10 feet ; Cedrus Deodara,
Araucarias in good condition, having been removed within the
past two and three years ; 250,000 Spruce and Larch, immense
quantities of Poplar, Limes, Beech, Chestnut, Ash, Oak, and
other Forest Trees, in great variety.
Catalogues will be ready fourteen days prior to the Sale, and
may be had on application to Messrs. SAMUEL and JAMES
SMITH, Tansley Nurseries, Matlock; or the Auctioneer!
Wirksworth.
On view Monday and Tuesdayi October 15 and 16,
September 29, 1883.]-
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
387
SURPLUS STOCK OF
GREENHOUSES, &c.,
comprising Ornamental Octagon Conservatory,
16 feet diameter ; two Ranges of Lean-to Green-
houses, 45 feet by, 30 feet long ; three Summer-
houses ; two Wall-tree Covers, 44 feet and
24 feet long; one Galvanised Iron Lean-to
Greenhouse, 12 feet by 8 feet ; one Lean-to
Wood-framed Greenhouse, 20 feet by 10 feet ;
one ditto, 12 feet by 10 feet ; one ditto, S feet
by S feet ; several 10 feet by 5 feet ; one Span
Conservatory, 12 feet by S feet 6 inches ; various
Plant Frames, a large quantity of Hand Lights
and Sashes, various Second-hand Boilers, a
small Steam Boiler, &c., will be
SOLD BY AUCTION,
on TUESDAY, October 9, at 2 o'clock pre-
cisely, at the Anchor Works, Queen Street,
Chelmsford. May bd viewed for a -week prior to Sale.
Calalofiiies on applicalion to T. H. P. DENNIS and CO.,
Chelmsford, and Mansion House Buildings, London, E.C.
Trains from Liverpool Street Station to Chelmsford at lO A M ,
11.12 A.M , and 12.15 I'.M. Return fares : — 1st class, 8i. 6</. ;
2d, 6j. \ad. : 3d, 5J. ^d.
TO INTENDING PLANTERS.
EXPIRY OF LEASE.
GREAT CLEARING SALE
OF AliOUT 70 ACRES OF
[SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED
FOKEST TREES,
FRUIT TREE STOCKS.
Large Ornamental Trees for Immediate
Effect,
FRUIT TREES, &^c.
THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY
COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, havp resolved
10 CLE.\R the ENTIRE STOCK contained in the
Windlestrawlee Nursery, Granton Road, as they do not
intend to Renew the Lease, which expires ne.\t year.
Their other Nurseries, however, will be carried on as
usual. All the Slock not previously disposed of privately
will be
EXPOSED BY PUBLIC AUCTION,
on October 10 and 11, each day at ii o'Clock, by
Mr. DAVID MITCHELL, Auctioneer.
The plants are of superior quality, and in excellent
condition, the Larches not having been damaged by
spring frosts. The following are the principal items to
be Sold, and Catalogues may be had upon application : —
LARCH, i-yr. Seedling, extra fine.
„ a-y- >■
„ 1-yr. „ l-yr. transplanted.
,, i-yr. ,1 z-yr. ,,
„ 2-yr. „ ly.
PINE, Black Austrian, several sizes.
„ Cembra, or Swiss Stone, fine plants, recently removed, 2 to
4 feet,
„ Corsican, several sizes.
„ Mountain, various sizes.
FIR, Scotch, true Native, seedlings and transplanted.
„ Silver, Common, several sizes.
SPRUCE, Ncrway, several sizes.
„ Black American, true, several sizes.
And the following, both seedling and transplanted, viz. : —
Thorn ACACIA, Common ALDER, Hoary-leaved ALDER,
Common and Mountain ASH, BEECH, BIRCH, SWEET
BRIER, SEA BUCKTHORN, Spanish and Horse CHEST-
NUT, ELDER. ELM, HAZEL, HORNBEAM. LABUR-
NUM, LIME, MAPLE, OAK, POPLAR, SYCAMORE,
THORN, WHIN or GORSE, and WILLOWS.
FRUIT TREE STOCKS-
APPLE, CHERRY, PEAR and PLUM, seedling and
transplanted.
Also a large quantity of RHUBARB ROOTS— Johnstone's
St. Martin's, Victoria, Prince Albert, Early Red, &c.
When not convenient to attend the Sale orders will be
carefully attended to by the LAWSON SEED and
NURSERY COMP.^NY, or . by the Auctioneer, 6,
Comely Bank, Edinburgh.
Preliminary Notice— Clezirance Sale.
MR. F. J. THURNBER has received
instructions from Mr. Charles Wilson, Summerhow
Nurseries, Kendal (who is retiring from business), lo SELL
(shortly )by AUCTION, without reserve, at the above address,
the whole of his extensive and valuable NURSERY STOCK,
composedof many thousands of Tea Roses, Adiantum, Eucharis,
Bouvajdias, Palms, Stove and Greenhouse Planis, &c. ; also a
fine collection of specimen GARDENIAS, CAMELLIAS, and
Other plants.
Due notice will be given in these columns when Catalogues
may be obtained 'by application to the Auctioneer, Exchange
Chambers^ Kendal.
To SeedBmen and Florists.
FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, a small
and genuine BUSINESS in the above trade, about 70
miles from London, in a Rood Market Town. Peach-house about
300 feet long, stocked wiih thriving trees; two other Houses,
most productive"; Mushroom-house, and a well stocked Garden,
about J4 an acre more or less, also Dwelling-house with Shop in
main stieet and Greenhouse at the back.
Kurllier particulars may be had from Mr. RICHARD
GILLETT, Auctioneer, Witney, <Jxon.
FOR SALE, a genuine good going Small
NURSERY and SEED liUSlNESS, in a Country
Market Town in Warwickshire. Has been established many
years. VaUution or agreement. A rare oppoitunily.
OWEN DAVIS, Esq., Alcesler. Redditch.
Nursery Garden at Feckham.
TO BE LET or SOLD. Rent, on Lease,
onlyj^iis: no premium. Price ;C 700,
TUNLEY AND H(JYLE, Surveyors, 14, Clement's Lane,
Lombard Street, E.C.
To Florists. Grape Growers, and Others.
TO 13E LET on Lease, in consequence of
Proprietor's death, nearly AN ACRE of LAND, with
n Peach. Crape, and Cucumber Houses, lo-roomed House and
Cottage. Easy terms.
Apply to Messrs. JOSHUA BAKER and WILKINSON,
Land Agents, Kilburn, N.W.
PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horti-
CULTURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers
and Valushs, 8, New Broad Street, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.
MILLINGTON and Ca, English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, £.
D
UTCH BULBS.
D
IRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, Nurserymen,
Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland.
Before ordering Dutch Bulbs, read Ant. Roozen & Son's
CATALOGUE for 1883. which their Agents, Mes-rs. MER-
TENS AND CO., 5. Billiter Square, London, E.C, will forward
post-free on application.
OUBLE white campanula, persica
alba, Annie Boleyn and Mule PINKS, extra Slrong, for
forcing, 3^, per dozt n, less by 100. Cash.
GEO. SMITH, Florist, &c.,6t. Penrose Street. Walworth. S. E.
To the Trade Only.
Special cash offer of over 20,000
PALMS, including Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias,
Geonomas. Corypha, Phcenix, Cocos Weddelliana, Caryctas,
&c. ; FERNS, in 48's and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, lor flower-
ing this season; PANDANUS, CROTONS. FICUS. JAS-
MINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STEPHANOTIS. and
various CLIMBING PLANTS, Tuberous and Foliage BEGO-
NIAS, Tree CARNATIONS, and many other useful Plants.
Price LISTS free on application. An inspection is invited.
W. M, CROWE, Boleyn Nursery, Upton, Essex.
The Nursery is about five minutes' walk from Upton Park
Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway), and ten
minutes from Forest Gate Station {Great Eastern Railway).
To all Lovers of Flowers.
VIOLETS — violets.—
Now is the time to transplant these sweetest and most
beautiful winter flowers. Large clumps full of flower-buds.
Will flower until April next, in cold frames or sheltered situa-
tions. Marie Louise, Double Neapolitan, Victoria Regina, and
ten other best varieties, single and double, 6j. per dozen, 40J.
per 100. Sample dozen per Parcels Post, 6s. 6d.
FRED. PERKINS, Nurseryman, 37, Regent Street,
Leamington.
SPECUL CHEAP OFFER of HAKDY PERENNIALS.
SUITABLE for PRESENT PLANTING.
CONSISTING of most Useful and Effective
Varieties, principally strong plants from Ground.
Priced LIST Gratis and Post-free upon application,
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
Kent, The Garden of England.
300 coo FRUIT TREES in 600 varieties.
George bunyard and go.
beg to intimate that their stock was never finer, and
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them-
selves. The New Iflustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps. Reference LIST free.
The Kent Roses do Live.
Extra well-rooted stufT, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone. — Established 1796.
W" ATKINS AND SIMPSON, SEED"and
Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.,
offer :—
100,000 DAFFODILS (Lent Lily), double.
40, coo DAFFODILS (Lent Lily), single.
50,000 NARCISS, Pheasant-eyed.
50,000 NARCISS, Double White, sweet-scented.
25,000 CAMPERNELLE JONQUIL, single.
And a great variety of other sorts of NARCISS, HYA-
CINTHS, TULIPS, SNOWDROPS, LILIES (English and
Japanese), &c.
See our Wholesale Bulb CATALOGUE, to be had on appli-
cation. Special quotations for large quaiatities.
To Nurserymen and Planters.
SEEDS and PLANTS
from Ceylon.
PALM SEEDS of different varieties, including Oncosperma
fasciculata, Caryota urens, Corypha umbraculifera, Areca
Catechu. CVCAS CIRCINALIS stems of all sizes. CIN-
CHONA SEEDS of different varieties, includine Ledgeriana.
Also numerous NEW PRODUCT SEEDS and PLANTS,
including Ceara Rubber, Caracas Cocoa, Cardamom robusta.
Forwarded to all parts of the World on most advantageous terms.
Price LIST post-free on application.
J. P. WILLIAM AND BROTHERS, New Product Seed
DepOt, Hentratgoda, Ceylon.
Winter Flowering Plants,
BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that his
• Stock of
AUTUMN and WINTER FLOWERING PLANTS
IS now ready for sending out, consisting of
AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS, CYCLAMEN. IJOUVARDIAS.
CARNATIONS (Tree, or ptrpeluai-flowerii.gl. ERICAS—
all ihc leading kinds, EPACKIS, SOLAN U MS- unuM.ally
wcUbenied; ACACIAS. GENISTAS, AZALEA MOLLIS,
and a nuinbtr of other things thai are rttjuircd for this season.
The whole are well-grown and set with lluwer-buds.
Early orders are respect'ully solicited.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N.
CIABBAGE— CABBAGE.— Extra strong and
' fine Plants of autumn sown Early Raii-ham, Early Enfied
Market, Early Battersea, and Early Nonpareil, 35. per 1000 ;
Robinson's Champion Drumhead, 3^. per 1000. 'Ihe above aie
well-ronted, and free frcm club. No better plants can be had.
Post-cflice Order, or reference from unknown cocrespondentf.
Free on rail. Samples on application. Apply,
W. VIKGO. Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford, Surrey.
PANSIES.— The largest Amateur Pansy
Grower in this country has authoiiscd his gardener to
sell surplus planls from his slock, which comprises over 400
exhibition vaiieties, and which have taken F irst-class Certificates
and Prizes all over the country. The Pansies will be offered at
prices far below what they can be obtained from nurserymen
for. Particulars on application to
GARDENER, Messrs. G. Street & Co-, 30, Cornhill,
London, E.C.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM in 48's, really
fine stuff for furnishmg. 70J. per 100. English grown
SPIR./EA, fine clumps lor forcing, isot. per 1000. Also a few
hundred very strong PELARGONIUMS, 20J. per ico. All
for prompt cash only.
ROBERTS BROS, and ARNOLD, East Gnnstead.
FOR SALE, magnificent Specimen Hybrid
RHODODENDRONS, of great size, and fine sons:
lift with splendid roots. For paiticulars apply to
Mr. DANIEL MITCHELL, Plant Valuator, 6, Comely
Bank, Edinburgh, ^
HyaclBthg, Tulips, Crocus, &c.
BJ. LOMANS, BULB Grower, Haarlem,
• Holland, Large provision of Spring CROCUS, large
Yellow (dog cheap). Samples and prices will be forwarded
post-free. General CATALOGUE of Hyacinths. Tulips, &c.,
free on application.
ILIES OF THE VALLEY. — Large
flowering early forcing variety. Prices on application to
T, JANNOCH. Lily Nursery, Dersingham, Norfolk.
SEAKALE (SEED).— We have a very fine
Sample of New Seed, just harvested, of the true Fulham
variety. Price per pound or hundredweight on applicalion.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
New Hardy Pernettyas.
LT. DAVIS' LIST of the above for the
• present Season is now ready, and may be had on
application. . ,-. t^
Ogle's Grove Nursery, Helesborough, Co. Down.
Roses, &c.
W GROVE, Nurseryman, Hereford, ofiers
• grand healthy plants free from mildew, of the leading
kinds : — 100 fine Dwarfs, including six A. K. Williams, 40J. to
50J. ; 50 from 21J. Mar^chal Niel. Ctiline Korestier. Lamaique,
Souvenir de la Malmaison, Gloire de Dijon, A. K.Williams, La
France, Baroness, Marie Bauman, &c., 6s. to Qf. per dozen.
Standards, very fine, from ;iC5 per 100: \-zs. to i8j. per dozer.
Fine Standard Mai^chal Niel, Celine Foresiitr, Lamatque.
LARCH and ASH. fine, 3 to 6 feet ; Spani,h CHESTNUT,
OAK, 2 to 4 feet ; Scotch and Spruce FIR, fine, extra trans-
planted, 2 to 5 feet ; QUICKS, iransplanteH, from los. per 1000.
Silver FIR, i% to 3 leet; cheap : FRUIT TREES, &c.
Trade price upon application.
Kliododendrozis and Azaleas.
ISAAC DAVIES and SON have the follow-
ing Plants, in which they abound, to ofTer at reduced
prices : —
RHODODENDRONS, Hybrid Seedlings, fine plants, a large
proportion well set with buds, 2 feet high, i2J. per
dozen ; 23^ to 3 feet, i8j. ; larger, very fine, 24^., 365.,
to 425. per dozen.
,, Seedlings from the best late scarlet and other varieties,
and also from early-blooming kinds, in fair proportions
of each, good bushy plants, lately transplanted, 12 to
15 inches, 7^. per dozen, 505. per ico.
,, Suitable for Potting, Hybrid Seedlings from the choicest
varieties, is^to 10 inches, bushy, five to ten buds on
each, 1^5. per (lozen, including in each dozen three
Rhododendron pra;cox, well budded.
AZALEA PONTICA, about i3 inches high, bushy, well set
with buds, 6s. per dozen; larger, 9s., 12s, to iSf.
per dozen,
„ Mollis seedlings, of various colours, nice plants, two to
six buds on each, 9?. per dozen.
„ MOLLIS Seedlings, about 10 inches, bushy, twice trans-
planted, from the three following varieties, each kept
distinct— viz., Comie de Gomer, Consul F'Vjher, and
Isabelle Van Houtte, in equal quantities of each,
305. per 100.
Our choice named RHODODENDRONS and AZALEAS
are this season remarkably fine and well budded.
For Description and Prices of these and other Nursery Stock
see our new CATALOGUE, which will be sent to any address
on application.
Brook Lane Nursery, Ormskisk, Lancashire.
SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.
PASSIFLORA CCERULEA, in 3-inch pots,
2 to 3 feet high, 6s. per dozen, 405. per 100.
AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, in 3-inch pots,
I to 2 feet high, 41. per dozen, 25^. per 100.
HEATH £6 SON, Exotlc Nurseries, Clielteixhani. .
388
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883,
CHOICE
COLLECTIONS OF
FLOWER ROOTS
For GREENHOUSE DECORAflON
Piice 10s. 6./.
,, 151-
.1 2 If.
4^ Dcliveicd Free by Post cr Rail.
Collecti n A, containing 128 Babs
H. „ =07 „
t^. „ =59 1.
D. .. 444 .■
For OUTDOOR CULTIVATION.
. Piice loj. 57.
Collection E, containing 315 Bulbs
.» ^. .. 424 „
G, „ 680 „
„ H, „ 128) „
I, „ 1S28 „
.> Ji ,. 2709 ..
iS' Delivered Free by Post or Rail.
151.
3[r.
421.
io5r.
For POTS, GLASSES, VASES, &c.
Collection K, contai. ing 124 Bulbs .. Piice \qs. 6-i.
ti ^t >> if^3 >• -• I. i5-^'
,, M, ,, 25s ,, .. ,, 2ii'
«i N, „ 40^ ,, .. ., 42*.
I. O, ,, 586 ,, .. ,, 63^.
M P, „ 8S( ,, .- ,, 105^-
&S' Delivered Free by Post or Rail.
For Further Particulars see
Webbs' Bulb Catalogue,
GRA TJS and rOST-FREE.
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.
^EWBRAClllC .\t C. \ CL
MM MOST CASES-
FREE BY POST OR RAIL
PRICE CATALOCUE POST FREE .
JamesBicksoh&Sons
"HEWTOrNURSLRlESVuccTCR
[AStCATE S! ttilEa
POSTAL O RD E RS.
TO ADVERTISERS, SUBSCRIBERS, AND OTHERS.
// is very important in Remittim; by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at
DRURY LANE, to IV. RICHARDS,
as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a
particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose
hajids it may fall from negotiating it.
N.B.—The best and safest means of remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER.
BOX EDGING-BOX EDCING-A SPECIALITY.
20,000 Nursery Yards, each yard to lay three of edging. Dwarf and fine.
Price ^9 \os. per looo yards.
Tne foUowiag are amongBt many TestlmonialB received, copies of wMcIi and others may lie had on
application : -
Chester, September 20 1E82.
" Dear Sir,— Please to send to our address, at your earliest convenience, 20C0 yards of Box Edging, the same as last, and oblige."
Edhiburgh, April, 1883.
" Dear Sir, — If you have Bjx Edging the same as we got last, please to send to us at once another looa yards, and oblige."
London, September, 1882.
"Dear Sir, — I have the pleasure of sending you cheque in payment of Box Edging, which I received in good condition.
I am well pleased with it, and shall want more by-and-bye."
PRIMULA CASHMIRIANA,
Very Fine Young Plants, \6s. per loo.
Extra Strong for Forcing, 6j. per dozen.
Extract f rout Glisgmv and West of Scotland Horticultural Society, March, 1883.
" Mr. J B. Youni», Bridge ol Allan, exhibited 50 plants of Primula Cishmiriana in 5-mch pots, which were Highly Com-
mended. This is a pUnt which ought to be better known ; others of the same were shown m different p^rts of the hall, but
none so fine as Mr. Young's," ____^__
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS
Of the following varieties, fine and well-rooted, true to name, at loj-. per looo : —
KEENS' SEEDLING EI.TON PIME, BL4CK PRINCE. CUMBRIAN PRINCE, MARSHAL McMAHON.
CARIKAI.DI, RIFLEMAN. SIR JOIEPH PAXTON. PRK-ilDEN f, WiZVRD OF THE NORTH, MYATT'S bEED-
LING3, GROVE, and S'JARLET VICOMTESSE H. DE THURY.
TERMS, CASH WITH ORDER.
J. B. YOUNG, BRIDGE OF ALLAN, N.B.
W A R N E R'S
PATENT
ANNULAR SAIL
AND
STAR WINDMILLS,
Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying
Farms, Railways, Mansions, &c.
Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are at Work in every part of the World.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Reliable made.
P • including Timber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, J^OR
rilCc, complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, XfCsJ
Prices of larger sizes for Primping, Grinding, Farm
and Mill Work in proportion.
J. WARNER & SONS|cEi??!IS,loTi,^o^T'E.c.
Price Lists, Testimonials, and )
Catalogues on application. f
R. HALLIDAY & CO.,
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses. &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class or worK,
and that the very best. , . . . r « . s m
Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our mm.
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.
Flans, Estimates and Catalogues free. CttsioTners waited on in any pari of the Kingdom.
MODERATE CHARGES.
Our Maxim is and always has been —
FIRST-CLASS WORK.
THE BEST MATERIALS,
September 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
389
PAULS' lUESEIMES,
WALTHAM CROSS.
W^m. Paul & Son
Respect''ully invite attention to the following
SPECIALITIES:-
PAULS'- ROSES -WALTHAM CROSS.
Standards
Dwarf standards
Dwatfs
Climbing
Foicing in pots
New varieties
Specimens . .
from iSJ. doz.
,, \QS. 6d. „
.. ts. „
„ (s. „
„ 21s. „
It 3'^- >•
,, 5^. each
The I^asf Careitn, by Wm. Paul,
I' . L. S. , 8ih edition, with plates, us.
The same without plates, los. td.
The Ixose Annual, with plates, six
parts, 4J, each. Roses in Pots <;ili
edition, 2S. Rams a'uilioid CtiUufe,
5th edition, is.
PAULS'-Hyacinths-WALTHAM CROSS.
Hyacinths for pots and
glas.'es .. .. from 4^. doz,
Hyaciiiths for bordos ,, 2if. 100
Hyacinths, Roman, for
early forcing .. 3^. doz., 20s. 100
Tulips for pots .. from rj. doz.
,. ,, borders . . ,, 5 J. 100
Polyanthus Narcissus .. 2^. 6d. doz.
Crocus .. .. .. IS. 6d. 100
Snowdrops, dbl, & single 2s. 6d. 100
Border Narcissi, Jonquils. Anem-
ones, Ranunculuses, Lilies, Gladioli,
Lily of the Valley, Spirseas, &c.,
cheap and good. See Catalogue.
PAULS'-Camellias-WALTHAM CROS?.
The lirgest and finest stock in
Europe. Good pUnts, from 215. per
dozen; specimens from i to 30 gs.
each.
Azaleas, Winter-blooming Heaths,
Epacrises, Gardenias, Stephanotis,
Lapagerias, and other Stove and
Greenhouse Plants.
Herbaceous Plants— a choice col-
lection.
PAULS'-TREES-WALTHAM CROSS.
Planes, Limes and other
Avenue and Park
trees .. .. .. from i2j, doz.
Weeping Trees .. „ i$s. ,,
Flowering Shrubs ..
Evergreen . . ..
Pictorial Trees
Rhododendrons, Seed-
lings ..
,, Named Sorts ..
Climbing Plants
301. ICO
SOS. „
^5 ..
25^. ..
iSs. doz.
„ gs.
Planting done hy Estimate
or Contract.
PAULS'-SEEDS-WALTHAM CROSS.
Of every desaiption, of the first
quality, and low in price. Vege-
table Seeds, forautumn sowing : —
Peas, Beans, Cabbage, Cauliflower,
Carrot, Cress, Cucumber, Endive,
Lettuce, Mustard, Onion, Radish,
Spinach, Turnip, &c. Flower
Seels, various, for autumn sowing :
— Cineraria. Calceolaria, Primula,
Cyclamen, Balsam, Aster, &c. The
finest florists' strains always on sale.
Mushroom Spawn, ^s. per bushel.
Mats. Knives, Gloves, Tools and
every Garden Requisite.
Gladiolus Brenchleyensis, fine,
7i. (3d. per 100, \s. 3^. per dozen.
PAULS'-FruitTrees-WALTHAM CROSS
Apples, Pears, Cherries,
Plums, Standards, from 15J. doz.
,, Pyramids ,, 32J. ,,
,, Dwarf-trained ,. 301. ,,
Apricot?, Peaches, and Nectarines,
Dwarf-trained, from 421. per doz.
,, .Standard -trained. 10/6 each.
Grape,Vines, 2J. 6<^. to 105. dd. each.
Figs. 2J. dd. to 3^. 613'. each.
Raspberries, from 125. f^d. per 100.
Strawberries, from 2J. ^d. per 100.
Filberts, from 6j. per dozen.
Currants and Gooseberries, from 35.
per dozen.
Full Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUES will be for-
warded, post-free, on application. Special and reduced prices
where large quantities are required.
WM. PAUL & SON,
WALTHAM CROSS, N.
BEAUTIFULI^
Ul^t^J^iiajl
FLOWERS
WOTEE and
SPEOG.
Sutton's Autumn Catalogue
Gratis and Post-free on application.
Open Ground,
42s.
1220 Choice Bulbs.
Pots & Glasses,
42s.
430 Choice Bulha.
20b. Value Carriage Free.
SUTTON'S
COLLECTIONS
OF
FLOWER ROOTS
Contain the Best and Most Liberal
Assortments.
Pots & Glasses,
21s.
240 Choice Bulbs.
Open Ground,
21s.
600 Choice Bulbs.
6 per Cent. Discount allowed for Cash Payment.
I I
Sutton's Autumn Catalogue
Gratis and post- free on application.
iiMisy^onh
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN.
and by Special Warrant to
H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES,
BEADINa, BEBES.
THE
SATURDAY, SErT EMBER 29, 1883.
GLASNEVIN.
I HAD the good fortune to visit this beauti-
ful public garden on a fine autumnal day,
when the many deciduous and evergreen trees
and shrubs were clothed with luxuriant foliage,
and the greensward was in perfect order. These
conditions serve to impart a greater interest
and beauty to the various classes of flowers.
This is a garden of hardy flowers. H'ere, there,
and everywhere hardy plants are to be seen,
and they have been planted under the condi-
tions most favourable to their perfect develop-
ment. Many plants succeed in the neighboui-
hood of the Irish metropolis that would scarcely
exist near London. For instance, Francoa
ramosa and F. appendiculata stand out in the
open border in winter. They are Chilian plants,
but would not survive here unless under speci-
ally favourable circumstances. A border has
been made up in front of the hothouses in such
a position that even a severe frost could scarcely
penetrate it, and no doubt it is well drained
and made up with suitable compost, so that
Cape and other presumably half-hardy bulbs
succeed well.
Strolling round the garden with Mr. Moore,
who seems to be intimately acquainted with
every plant, shrub, and tree under his care,
objects of interest and beauty are before you at
every step. Splendid examples of Irish Yew
are in the form of isolated specimens on the
lawns. Here also is the original Golden Yew,
an immense specimen too, but it has been cut
back considerably, owing to its overgrowing a
footpath. It would take up considerable space
to enumerate only the interesting trees and
shrubs ; indeed, I confined myself to taking a
few notes of the hardy plants in flower about
the first week in September.
The first plants to attract attention were
examples of Chrysanthemum lacustre — tall
plants, some of them 5 feet or more, well fur-
nished with pure white flowers 3 inches across.
In contrast to it were equally good examples of
the quaint-looking Eryngium amethystinum,
4 feet high, well branched. The remarkable
part of the plant is the Thistle-like heads of
flowers, with blue flower-stems, and the blue
involucral leaves which enclose the heads of
flowers. Here is also a Mexican plant, Amicia
zygomeris, 5 or 6 feet high, producing lateral
clusters of yellow Pea-like flowers ; and in
passing the rockwork in front of the long range
of hothouses to reach the herbaceous border I
noticed a bright mass of Polygonum vaccini-
folium, with pretty spikes of rose-coloured
flowers, well set off with the small deep green
shining leaves. It is a very nice rock plant.
In the herbaceous ground the most prominent
objects of attraction were the Pentstemons.
One of the very latest o£ the group is P.
Cobsa, and also one of the most distinct and
showy. We could do nothing with it in Scot-
land, owing to its propensity to flower late, but
in this moist yet genial clime it has a strong
spike 3 feet high, clothed with its large purple
flowers, with a whitish fringe at the base of the
lip. P. barbatus, or, as it is named here, Chelone
barbata,has numerous graceful racemes of bright
scarlet flowers which are really pretty. The
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883,
variety Torreyi has larger and brighter flowers,
which are more freely produced than on the
normal form ; and another variety — antwerpi-
ense — is distinct from either. The earlier-
flowering species were over, of course. Phygelius
eapensis, a nearly allied plant, producing spikes
or racemes of bright scarlet flowers — their effect
heightened by the dark, shining, deepgreen leaves
— is a very handsome late-flowering border plant,
delighting in good rich garden loam. Mentha
canadensis, the best ot this set, gives a
mass of bright blue flowers on a bush 3 feet
across. Here also are the Monardas in flower,
among the most handsome of herbaceous plants
truly. There is M. didyma, with deep red
flowers, and alba, but the variety purpurea is
the. best of them. They are useful, flowering so
late in the season. Helenium autumnale, and
the variety pumilum, are very handsome Com-
posites ; the bright yellow ray-florets have a
good effect ; the normal form grows about
3 feet high, and the variety is a dwarf plant ;
the flowers are 2 inches across. Here is a
grand example of Tritoma Burchellii ; the
flower-heads are thrown up to a greater height,
and they are larger and deeper in colour than
those of T. uvaria. Achillea eupatorium had
grown to a height of 4 feet, and formed a great
bush, which was crowned with large sym-
metrical heads of golden flowers.
Doronicum Clusii is one of the most free-
flowering of all the species of Leopard's Bane ;
Mr. Moore thinks very highly of it, as it is in
flower nearly all the year round.
Mr. Moore led the way to a sheltered garden where
bog plants and other delicate flowers are cultivated
and experimented with. We passed an immense
plant of Aristolochia Sipho clambering amongst the
trees and bushes to a great height, its large leaves
and tropical aspect being very striking. We also
saw another Tritoma — T. nobilis ; this Mr. Moore
considers the best of the T. uvaria type. There
were many interesting plants in the bog-ground,
and a considerable number in flower. Here was
Ourisia coccinea, forming dwarf bushes on tufts of
deep green leaves clothed with bright scarlet flowers.
Near it is Parnassia caroliniana. Our native Grass of
Parnassus is a really pretty bog plant, but this
Carolina species is quite distinct. Its flower-stems
were but 9 inches high, the flowers white, delicately
veined with green. Montbretia Pottsii growing in
great masses, producing freely its rich scarlet flowers,
is a sight not soon to be forgotten. It takes a few
years to make itself at home, but in some gardens it
will not take kindly to the soil or situation. In the
College Botanic Garden it has done fairly well, but
has not the deep green free growing character it has
here. Polygala chamjebuxus atropurpurea is a charm-
ing little plant,, reminding one in its habit of the
common Milkwort of our own heaths. The purple
flowers, freely arranged amongst the small leathery
leaves, are really very pretty. Meconopsis Wallichii
was nearly over,, but one plant was still producing a
few of its pale blue flowers. The stout stem, as tall
as a man, was furnished with scores of branches. This
is a handsome plant, not truly perennial, but it is not
difficult to raise from seeds ; the plants die when
they have produced their flowers and seeds.
The large ranges of glass houses are well furnished
with plants, and many . specimens of great interest
might be enumerated. Dlsagrandiflora has succeeded
admirably. I fancy climatal influences have much to
do with the success or failure of this handsome terres-
trial Orchid, a moist climate being that best suited to
its requirements. There are also.some grand examples
of Gleichenias in the same house where the Disas
were doing so well. In the cool Orchid-house Mr.
MoOre has collected a very complete set of species and
varieties of Masdevallia, which he cultivates with very
great care, the plants showing by their healthy
development that they appreciate the attention they
receive. In other Orchid-houses a few good examples
"of various popular species and varieties are in flower. '
Brassia brachiata is one of the most handsome of the
species ; its flowers are quite 12 inches across, yellow,
with numerous maroon spots. Bolbophyllum umbel-
latum is a very pretty Orchid, with small flowers,
crowded with dark spots.
I noticed that in Ireland Filmy Ferns are well cultl- .
" vated, the Killamey being in excellent condition ; but
-nowhere did I see such a display of handsome speci-.
mens, as well as rare and- choice species and varieties, j
as here, under the care of Mr. Moore. The smaller-
growing' species are grown in large flat pans, 'which
they fill to overflowing ; and those that form single
specimens, such as Todea Fraseri, T. pellucida, and
T. superba, are grown in pots. A plant of the last-
named was 7 feet across the spread of its fronds.
The house where this fine collection is grown is a
lean-to, with a north aspect. It scarcely gets any
sun, being much shaded by trees. A canvas shading
is used during the summer months, as it gets at that
time about two hours' sun.
I did not intend to do more than send a few
notes on the hardy plants, but the attractions of this
beautiful garden are so impressed on my mind that I
have thus far exceeded the bounds of my previous
intentions, y. Douglas,
THE VEGETATION OF
AUSTRALIA.*
No botanical project, probably, has been so fruitful
as that of the late Sir William Hooker, to provide
descriptions in the English language of the plants of
the various British colonial possessions. In his
capacity of Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, he
became impressed with the great necessity, in the
interest of applied botany, for systematic works on the
vegetation of the countries concerning which he was
constantly being applied to for information. He
accordingly proposed a plan, and estimated the cost
of publishing a series of Colonial Floras. This was
about twenty-five years ago. Sir W. Hooker's plan
was adopted, and has been carried out, or is being
carried out, by the home and colonial Governments,
for most of the countries included in his project, which,
it may be added, embraced India and all the colonial
possessions with the exception of the Bermudas,! St.
Helena, and similar small islets. It was computed
that there were altogether about 46,000 species of
flowering plants and Ferns to deal with, and the de-
scriptions of them would occupy forty-three volumes of
500 pages each. But the most striking feature in the
project was the modest sum (;^645o) set down as
"authors' remuneration," and to the industry and
self-denial of a few botanists the public is already in-
debted for some twenty-five volumes at the rate of
remuneration upon which that total was based. From
a utilitarian point of view there could be no more
profitable investment, while from the scientist's stand-
point the value of these volumes is incalculable,
because, as in the case of the Flora Aiistraliensis, to
give an example, they treat of many plants which are
exceedingly local, and will soon disappear before
advancing cultivation. There is yet another aspect
from which we may regard these descriptive works,
and that is, in relation to the means they afford
thousands of enjoying the beauties and mysteries of
Flora. One of the chief merits — or, as some
think, demerits — of these works is, that they are
wholly written in the English language, and in
such a simple form that very little preliminary
study is necessary to enable one to- use them. The
Australian colonies were among the first to provide
the means for carrying Sir W. Hooker's proposal into
effect, and it is not too much to say that they have
largely profited by their foresight. Commerce in
vegetable products has probably not been thereby
much influenced ill its extent ; but the sources of the
best qualities of the various products have been fixed,
and this knowledge has led to precautionary measures
of conservation.
One obvious instance of the usefulness of exact de-
scriptions is afforded by the fact that there are probably
not fewer than 150 species of Gum trees (Eucalypti) in
Australia, and many of them aresomuch alike in general
appearance as not to be easily distinguished, though
their timbers are of widely different qualities. We
have been led into this digression on the utility of
descriptive botany in consequence of a too prevalent
idea ,that it merely administers to the pleasures of a
few. — -
Before proceeding to an examination of th'e books
before us, we will give a few particulars respecting
\\ie Flora Australiensis, . ,
The Flora is a work of seven volumes, Containing
descriptions of upwards of 8000 species, wholly
* Lectures on the Vegetable Kingdom, ivitk special reffrenc
U tlie Floraaf Australia. By WilUam Woolls, Ph.D., F.L.S
Sydney and Paramatta. 1879. 8vo, pp. 227.
A Lecture eji the ptara 0/ Australia. By Baron Sir F.
Mueller. Ballaarat, 18S2. Svo. pp 31.
Systematic Census a/ A'ustratiatc Plants : Part t, V^sculares.
By Baron Sir F. Mueller. Melbourne, 18S2. 4tb, pp. 152.
t The interesting vegetation of these islets will be treated of
in the forthcoming volume on the Botany of the " CkaHejt^er
Exj^edttioii.*^ ^ ' '' "'
written.by Mr. George Bentham, with the constant aid
of Baton von Mueller. The first volume was published
in 1863, and the last in 1878 ; and in this work Aus-
tralia can boast of what no other large country, not
even Europe, possesses, namely, a practically com-
plete account of all its known plants. The extra-
ordinarily rich and varied vegetation of Australia is so
entirely different from that of the northern, and in a
less degree from that of other countries in the south-
ern hemispheres, that the least observant of travellers
is impressed with it. The lively and refreshing green of
various shades that characterises the foliage of the
fields and forests of Europe is 'very largely replaced
by a sickly depressing blueish green in Australia,
On the other hand the flowers are often most
gorgeous and usually very brilliantly coloured, in
striking contrast to the inconspicuous flowers of the
majority of our trees and shrubs. Then the propor-
tion of woody to herbaceous plants in Australia is
very high, and the same type of foliage is repeated in
the most distantly related families, so that experienced
botanists cannot determine the affinities of many of
these plants without their flowers. The leaves ate
usually small, hard and rigid, and where they are
larger the surfaces are often vertical instead of hori-
zontal. The beautiful feathery leaf of the Acacia of
other countries is here reduced, in 271 species out of -
293, to a flattened or rounded variously shaped stalk, ■
the true nature of which is revealed in one or two •
species by the occasional development at its tip of the
feathery blade. These reduced organs exhibit a sur-
prising diversity in the 271 species described, while the
flowersareinvariablyof someshadeof yellow. In other
genera there is a great wealth of colour. Another re-
markable phenomenon in Australian vegetation is the
prevalence of woody seed vessels, often of great thick-
ness and density, and sheltering seeds most delicate
in texture or very small in size. It has been stated that
Australian plants ate for the greater part peculiar.
This holds good very largely for genera and almost
invariably for species, yet some of our British genera
have their greatest concentration of species in Aus-
tralia, The Sundews (Drosera) are a noteworthy
instance. About one hundred species are known,
and they are scattered nearly all over the world
except the Pacific Islands and oceanic islets, though
nearly half of them are endemic in Australia, A
large proportion of them are limited to Western Aus-
tralia, and are sand-loving plants with bulbous root-
stocks ; and some of them have slender climbing
stems.
But those who would get some idea of Australian
vegetation, and for that matter of many other countries,
should visit the " North " Gallery of Paintings of
Plants and their Homes in the Royal Gardens, Kew,
There may be seen the colossal Gum trees (Eucalypti),
the Grass tree (Xanthorrhrea), the Flame tree (Nuytsia),
various species of Acacia, gorgeous members of the
Myrtle, Protea, and Pea-flower families, together
with numerous other elements of the flora of the most
distant parts of the country.
Dr. Woolls is an enthusiastic amateur, who has ■
laboured much to popularise the study of natural ■
history in New South Wales, and the lectures which ^
were delivered with this object here brought together
cover a period of fifteen years. They were not com-
posed for critical audiences, yet some of them are of
general interest and full of useful information. That
on the progress of botany in Australia is a fairly good
outline of the history of botanical discovery in the
country and of the literature relating thereto.
It Is now nearly two centuries since Dampier first
visited the north-west coast at one of the most desolate
points, and he published a most dismal account of the
country, its productions, or rather want of productions,
and of its miserable inhabitants. Eleven years later —
in 1699 — he again visited the same coast further south,
and on this occasion in the more respectable position
of commander of a ship of the British navy. His
first voyage was with the buccaneers, Dampier's
second visit was to a less sterile part of the coast, in
the neighbourhood of Shark Bay, whence he brought
to England the first specimens of Australian plants
seen in this coiintry. It is a very small collection,
still preserved at Oxford, and contains only a few
species, and amoi;g them none of the great, pre-
vailing Australian; types of vegetation except a Casua-
rina and one species of the genus Dampiera. It in-
cluded, however, a member of the Papilionaceas,
which has the most gorgeous and brilliantly coloured
Sowers of any of- this family,- so numerously repre
sented in Australia — we mean the "GloVy Pea,"
September 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
391
Clianthus Dampieri, whose only congener is endemic
in New Zealand. Nearly a century passed before
anything more was known of the natural history of
Australia. In April, 1770, the illustrious Cook dis-
covered New South Wales, and landed in Botany
Bay. With him were Sir Joseph Banks and Dr.
Solander, and these naturalists were the first to enjoy
the delights of investigating the rich and varied flora,
so different from anything previously known. But it
was reserved for the great master in botany, Robert
]'>rown, to make known to the world the botanical
treasures collected by Banks and Solander, which he
published, together with portions of his own vast col-
lections, in iSio. Brown himself accompanied
Flinders in his voyages from 1801 — 1803. Between
the expeditions of Cook and Flinders, Vancouver
had visited Western Australia, where Menzies, the
surgeon, collected a few plants. Previous to the
appearance of Brown's essay on the vegetation of
Australia and technical descriptions of the genera
and species of plants, some 400 species had been
described by various botanists, a large proportion of
them from specimens cultivated in Europe. White's
Journal of a Voyage to Neio South Wales (1790) is
perhaps the earliest work containing coloured figures
of characteristic Australian types of vegetation. It
contains figures of a Banksia in various stages ; the
singular ** Wooden Pear," Xylomelum ; two of the
Gum trees — Eucalyptus piperita and E. resinifera,
and a few other things. There is also an imperfect
description of one of the Grass trees — Xanthor-
rhoea sp.
From the time of Robert Brown's visit with
Flinders the botanical exploration of Australia has
proceeded almost uninterruptedly, and it has been
prosecuted with great activity during the last thirty
years, mainly owing to the exertions of Baron F.
Mueller, in whom not only the colony of Victoria,
but all the colonies of Australia, have a most able,
enthusiastic, and indefatigable labourer in this branch
of natural history.
He was, we believe, instrumental in inducing the
colonies to grant the small sum required for the
Flora ; and although he is not directly responsible
for any poition of the seven volumes, he con-
tributed a vast quantity of material, published and
unpublished, that was of great service to Mr. Bentham
in his elaboration. Moreover, as we learn from his
lecture, he has published from time to time between
700 and 800 species discovered since the publication
of the Flora Australicnsis. Perhaps the most useful
of his numerous works will be the exhaustive mono-
graph of the genus Eucalyptus, in course of publi-
cation, and which has reached the eighth part, each
part containing figures, descriptions, and history of
ten species.
Having enlarged so much on the progress of
botanical discovery in Australia, we must dismiss the
remainder of Mr. WooUs' lectures in a few words.
The " Botany of the Castlereagh District" is an inter-
esting sketch interspersed with anecdote, as is also
' ' Wonders of Australian Vegetation ; " but the author
ii more ambitious and less successful in " Variations of
Species in Relation to the Variations of Languages."
This is a dogmatic condemnation of the theory of
evolution, which is quite safe from such criticism. He
is not more happy when contrasting Bentham's classifi-
cation of the Gum trees, based on modifications of
the anthers, with Mueller's, which is based on varia-
tions of the bark of the trunk. The latter is un-
doubtedly the most useful to the forester, while it is
impracticable in the herbarium, and vice versd.
Baron Mueller's lecture contains the results of much
research and labour. At p. 371 of the last volume of
this journal some statistics of the Australian flora are
given ; but Baron Mueller's lecture affords a much
more complete analysis of the components of the flora
and the distribution of the genera and species. We
extract some of the figures, which occupy little space,
though they represent much labour,
■ T&talof all Plants Indigenous in each Colony : —
Of the above the following numbers are restricted
to each colony :— . .
• ■
1
1
i
z
jio6
•6
fi
Z3
<,H
I2I7
a
2245
«l
Dicotyledones
■>S5»
1331 685
I ago
Monocoty led ones ..
555
358 =7'
3SS
568
6=1
35'
Ferns and allies
89
34 75
OS
130
168-
34
3136
1723 i°3'
1690
2S04
3034
1675
<
a
■1
=3
■c
0
a
h
z
1
1
3
Z 3
Dicotyledones
2>o6
232
149
33
404
792
739
Monocotylcdones . .
363
16
37
21
100
.69
130
Ferns and allies
II
4
12
5
"
61
4
j68o
25a
198
59
526
1022
873
The total number of vascular plants known as in-
digenous in Australia is about SSoo. Of these 1250
are also found in various other countries, thus leaving
7550 strictly endemic species, a proportion only
approached in any large flora except in South Africa.
These are the figures as Baron Mueller is able to give
them now. Further investigation will doubtless con-
siderably modify them as to the internal distribution
of species. Another curious feature is the number of
genera (550) represented in Australia by a single
species each. Of these 390 are represented in other
countries, often very largely, leaving 160 Australian
monotypic genera. By way of comparison, Mueller
gives the number of species of European flower-
ing plants enumerated in Nyman's Syllo^e, in-
cluding the supplement. Europe, with an area
of about 750,000 square miles greater than Aus-
tralia, has, according to Nyman, 10,900 species of
flowering plants ; but, in making this comparison, it
must not be forgotten that both Mr. Bentham and
Baron Mueller have taken a very much wider view of
species in their works than Nyman in the Sylloge. In
Nytnan's Conspectus Fhr,r Eiirofa-ii, completed at
the end of last year, we see that the total number of
species is 9395, with 2014 "sub-species." 0( the
lower cryptogams 582 species of mosses, about 1200
fungi, and about 1000 algae, exclusive of the micro-
scopic ones, have been collected in Australia or Aus-
tralian waters.
The Census of Australian Hants we approach
with mixed feelings, for although it embodies a vast
amount of work, and will be exceedingly useful for
reference, there are some features in it that we are
sorry to see — features that fill the mind with dread as
to the future of botanical nomenclature. Yet it should
be mentioned that in most things the author merely
carries out what he has suggested in his previous
writings. One of these features is absolute priority
in names — every other consideration being sub-
ordinated to mere priority. On this point Mr.
Bentham says (Journal of the Linmran Society,
xix., p. 19): — "It would indeed be mere pedantry,
highly inconvenient to botanists, and so far detri-
mental to science, now to substitute Blumenbachia
for Sorghum, Fibichia for Cynodon, Santia for Poly-
pogon, or Singlingia for Triodia." Vet this would
have to be done if we are to be guided by strict
priority alone. Such changes are inconvenient in
themselves, and often involve numerous other changes,
in consequence of the same names having been re-
tained in other natural orders. Of course, if we have
no hard and fast rule to abide by there will be con-
flicts of opinion and in practice, but we venture to say
it would be trifling in comparison with the confusion
arising from such changes as the following, which we
give as an example of what Mueller has done in his
Census. In 1805 Labillardiere founded a genus
CandoUea ; but he shortly discovered that Swartzhad
published the same genus under the name of Stylidium
a few months before his Candollea appeared. There-
upon he proposed and described a second Candollea,
a genus of Dilleniacece. Now, Baron Mueller reduces,
rightly or wrongly, the latter Candollea to Hibbertiai
and he follows this up by deposing the Stylidium of
Swartz in favour of the original Candollea, because
Loureiro had previously (1790) published a genus
Stylidium, which genus was afterwards unwittingly
re-described as Marlea by Roxburgh. So this reform
reinstates the first Candollea for what we have all
our lives known asStylidium ; the plants we have called
Candollea we should have to call Hibbertia ; and our
old coriaceous friend Marlea would become Stylidium.
As long ago as 183S the elder De Candolle was aware
that Stylidium, Loureiro, was the same as Marlea,
Roxburgh ; yet as the former, though the older, had
not got into use, he would not adopt it in the place of
a name that had become familiar in association with
a certain plant.
Another feature developed in the Census, to
which we can merely allude, is the extensive agglo-
meration of genera, which is quite in consonance with
the author's ideas of the limits of species, as set forth
in his Vef^etation of the Chatham /stands, where he
proposes reducing the seventeen species of Epilob-
ium of the New Zealand flora to E. tetragonum, L.
Here are two or three examples of his proposed
aggregate genera. In Eriostemon he merges Crowea,
Phebalium, Microcybe, Geleznowia, and Aslerolasia ;
while Cyathodes, Aslroloma, Leucopogon, Acrotriche,
and Monotoca, are reduced to Styphelia. Such com-
binations and changes are specially annoying to
horticulturists, who have no means of knowing that
an Eriostemon under a new name is no other than an
old Phebalium or Crowea, &c., as the case may be.
We do not ignore the fact that some of these re-
ductions may be perfectly justifiable, and would meet
with general acceptance.
In conclusion, it may not be out of place to call
attention to the greater degree of activity in scientific
research exhibited by those colonies possessing prac-
tically complete works on their vegetation ; and this
activity has not been confined to botany. Geology,
entomology, and other branches of knowledge have
indirectly benefited by these publications. New
Zealand was the first to enjoy the advantage, and the
result is in every wayjmost gratifying. Again, the Flora
Hongkongensis has been instrumental in fostering the
study of the vegetable products of China by merchants
and others in that part of the world. W. B. H.
A SHORT AUGUST HOLIDAY.
(Coitcl7cded from p. 361.)
Breaking the journey at that most old-fashioned
of inland watering-places, Tunbridge Wells, we tra-
velled about the middle of the harvest month to that
quiet Surrey village, once a somewhat notorious
rotten borough, and now fast becoming well-known
in the horticultural world, Elechinglej', near which is
Pendell, the seat of Sir George Macleay. Leaving
our hotel under the Lime trees of the Pantiles of the
last century Cheltenham of Kent, we were able to
study once again how Nature can render even bare
masses of a cold grey sandstone picturesque, by
moulding into grotesque, top-heavy shapes, and sur-
rounding it with such simple vegetation as Bracken,
Heather, and Harebells. This, the lesson of the
common and of Burstall Heath, it is almost futile to
attempt to reproduce except on sandy or limestone
soils. Rockeries rising abruptly like volcanic cones
of clinkers from a level surface of stiff clay are
simply absurd.
The numerous Yew trees scattered through the
woodlands of the Happy Valley, with recollections of
those that mark the little-trodden pilgrim roads on
Surrey and Kentish hillsides — roads probably far
earlier in date than the martyr of Canterbury— sug-
gested the truly indigenous character of this long-
lived tree ; but it was in vain that we sought among
modern villas and their enclosed parklets for the
Sundew and other marsh plants, recorded not many
years since in local guide books from Culverden.
However, the berries of the Gueldres Rose made a fine
show in the hedge, and the tall spikes of capsules
told of the past glories of the Foxgloves in the woods,
where the little yellow Pimpernel luxuriated in shade
and moisture. It is, perhaps, the most graceful of
our indigenous yellow flowers.
The chief point that attracted our notice as the
train whirled us through the well-wooded and
fertile garden of the Weald, now festooned with pro-
mising Hop vines, was the intensely dark colour of
the almost mahogany-tinted red Wheat of the Kentish
fields. About Redhill and Blechingley it was far
paler, [though still red and not white Wheat pre-
vailed.
We stopped at the village station of Merstham,
where the parish church stands prettily
" Bosom'd high in tufted trees,"
on a knoll of the Firestones below the chalk downs,
at the foot of which gushes forth one of the clear
springs that hereabouts supply various affluents of the
Mole. Thence we drove along the valley of that
rivulet, for here it is little more, over those " black
lands " of Gault th.it abundantly justify William
Smith's name of Oak-tree Clay, to a house whose old-
fashioned garden, though quite eclipsed by the mag-
nificence of Pendell Court, over the garden of which
392
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
September 29, 1883.
Mr. Charles Green so ably presides, is perhaps worthy
of description.
Blechingley Rectory is about a mile from the
village, which stands on the Greensand ridge, whilst
the Rectory is at the bottom of that same " winding
vale of Holmesdale," in which Pendell Court is
situated. The two houses are, in fact, not much
more than a quarter of a mile apart, and the same
stream which supplies the ponds of the one has been
in part diverted into those of the other. As in many
of the parsonages in the neighbourhood, part of the
glebe takes the form of a small park in front of the
house. This well-timbered pasture lies on the
northerly slope or Folkestone Sands, which conceals
the house at but a short distance from it. On one
side one of the streams thrown out by the seams of
fuller's-earth, much worked in this district, has been
formed into a series of three small stew-ponds, dating,
perchance, from times even earlier than those when
Queen Elizabeth stoutly maintained the discipline of
the Lenten fast ; on the other is one of the most
lovely hollow ways, where orange and yellow ledges of
sandstone, here and there grey with cup-moss and
other lichens, overhang a winding roadway quite
overarched with trees. Once it was draped with
Ferns, but nearly all have disappeared into the
rapacious basket of the London street vendor.
This is the penalty of being within 20 miles of the
metropolis. Two ha-has and a public road sepa-
rate the park from the house and garden. A fine clump
of Portugal Laurel, which this year has been full of
blossom, is on one side of the gate to the semicircular
drive ; and on the other the creeper-hung stump of a
Horse Chestnut, which having succumbed to a gale,
and being cut short and replanted upside down, had
yet the vitality to send out shoots in the following
spring. A sloping lawn leads to the front door, a
verandah running along this, the south side of the
house, over which climb Marechal Niel Roses, Japan-
ese Honeysuckle, and Virginian Creeper, and under
which may be large pots of scarlet Pelargoniums or
Lilium auratum, and a little edging of blue Lobelia.
The house is almost square, and only two storeys
high, with a low roof, but it stretches westwards into
offices that run out to the stable-yard, once the tithe-
barns of the Bishops of Rochester, to whom this
parish was a "peculiar." In front of this wing is a
small conservatory, where Lapageria rosea. Fuchsia
fulgens, and Abutilon Boule de Neige hang over a
free-growing mass of Ferns, Hart's-tongue and
Maidenhair, from Madeira, Amaryllids from the same
island, and other more commonplace conservatory
properties. Here Anagallis tenella, our native Bog
Pimpernel, has been living for some years, and a
flower-pot, side by side, with the more modern
Nertera depressa. Just outside the door a fine Mag-
nolia and a Wistaria compete for a limited wall space.
To the east of the house is a croquet lawn, on the
north and south-west sides of which are two magnifi-
cent trees — a Beech and a Lime, towering up, each
unsurpassed in its kind. The east side is a bank
thickly planted with Primroses, and surmounted by
a shidy *' Belle AUee " of high-growing shrubs.
Laurels, and such-like, beyond which lies the kitchen
garden, most of which is within four square walls,
further protected on the east by a high Holly hedge.
Not to speak of prolific Peach trees and Strawberries
that maintain the ancient fame of the district, the
notable features here are a round pond filled with
Menyanlhes, a bed of Belladonna Lilies, and others
of Anemone fulgens and coronaria, and a house fes-
tooned with Tacsonia, with a large night-flowering
Cereus on the end wall.
Behind the house is a lawn dotted with little beds
of various shapes, gay with Verbenas, Portulaca,
Pelargoniums, and Lobelias, curious " knots " whose
design carry out the Baconian,suggestions of the *' Belle
AUee." On one side is a group of three good trees,
perhaps a trifle too close together, a Weeping Ash,
a Cedar of Lebanon, and a deciduous Cypress. Alas !
the fellow of the last has fallen a victim to the snows
of recent winters, giving more room to a fine young
Cedar, now nearly forty years of age. Dividing the
parterre is a walk bordered with Roses growing on
chains festooned from posts and leading to the broad
green walk beyond the high fence of Rhododendron,
past the sun-dial, into the wilderness. To the west
of the house a shrub-sheltered bed of herbaceous
plants, gay with Foxgloves, Anemone japonica, and
sometimes with Hollyhocks and Dahlias, extends
towards the vinery, in front of which is a bed of
Papaver imperiale and a wall well covered with
Roses and Jasmine. In the vinery, besides Camellias
and Ferns, which latter have sprung up sponta-
neously in every cranny about the place, a small plant
of Pinguicula vulgaris is growing in a pot, an offset
from one brought by the writer from Gloucestershire
several years ago, which has since lived, flowered
and died here. The green walk is shut in with Rho-
dodendrons and Kalmias, several of which are very
fine here, with a Copper Beech and a fine Tulip tree
on either side, and a Catalpa standing alone among
the long grass of this outer untrimmed lawn. On its
eastern side is a well grown Araucaria excelsa and a
bed of Trilliums, handsome plants, not grown as often
as they deserve ; a clump of Portugal Laurel, another
Cedar, more Rhododendrons and a bed in which
single Dahlias, Macleaya and the white variety of
Malva moschata, which is here wild, are now the
principal plants ; but perhaps the most instructive
feature of this unpretending garden is the lower
portion round the water.
In the long grass flowers the Ragged Robin, but
clumps of Rhododendron conceal the water from the
grass walk, which ends in an Ivy-covered summer-
house and rustic bridge. A thick growth of Reed-
mace, Iris, and Sweet-sedge block up either end of
the ponds, and their surfaces are almost covered with
white Water Lilies. An island is simply a clump of
Rhododendrons rising from the water, and while a
path runs all along one side, moorhens nest unmo-
lested on the other in a tangle of Osmunda, Lythrum,
yellow Loosestrife, and Rose-bay. The flowering Rush
(Butomus) grows luxuriantly in the water, but, perhaps
from the rich mud at the bottom, refuses to flower.
The zoologist looks with surprise at the hundreds of
mussels that here enjoy life, and no doubt if, as is
proposed, sphagnum be introduced at one end of the
pond, a most interesting colony of the more beautiful
of our bog plants may be established in this same
mud.
Before saying farewell to Blechingley I visited a
garden which rejoices in a somewhat remark-
able horticultural curiosity. Some fifteen winters
back a large limb broke off the old Mulberry,
and though the snow was on the ground, the
proprietor, amidst much ridicule, insisted on having
it cut into five good-sized branches and planted.
They gave no sign of life during the following year,
but now, two having been given away, three remain
as fine well-formed trees that have borne well from
the second year after they were planted. One does
not often see four good Mulberry trees in one garden.
G. J. Botcher.
t
STATICE SUWOROWII.*
We are indebted to Messrs. Haage & Schmidt for
the receipt of fine specimens, native and cultivated,
of this newly-described species. The original figure
in the Gartenflora gives no idea of the beauty of this
fine species as grown by Messrs. Haage & Schmidt.
It is in the way of S. spicata, but larger in all its
parts, the flowers of a deeper colour, and the
glaucous undulated leaves are broader and less
deeply divided. The small illustration (fig. 59)
we now give— and for which we are also indebted
to Messrs. Haage & Schmidt — shows on a greatly
reduced scale the general habit of the plant, while
the botanical details given in the Gartenflora relieves
us of the necessity of repeating them here. For
garden purposes Statice Suworowii may be described
as a very fine growing, profusely flowering annual.
A single plant will, as exemplified by the specimens
sent to us, last in bloom for more than two months.
If sown in succession from February to April, it may
be had in full bloom throughout the summer from
May till October. A bed of this plant is a beautiful
sight, being one mass of pale rosy-lilac flower-spikes,
which conceal the comparatively small foliage, which
lies on the ground. Regel's figure shows an un-
branched spike, but in cultivation a central spike,
some 15—18 inches high, is produced with ten to
fifteen side spikes, the whole forming a pyramidal mass.
We have here doubtless one of the finest annuals for
summer gardening, or for greenhouse purposes, and
one for which we may safely forecast great popularity
if our gardeners manage it as well as Messrs. Haage
& Schmidt have done. The plant is a native of
* Statice Suworowii, Regel, Gartenflora, 1882, tab. 1095,
figs, r, 2. Vide ctiam fig. nost. n. 59, p. 393
Western Turkestan, where it was discovered by M.
Albert Regel.
VaNDA INSIGNIS (Bl.) VAR. SCHECF.DERIANA.
This fine variety has lately appeared with Baron T.
H. W. von Schroeder in his grand collection at The
Dell, Windsor. It made its debut at the Royal Hor-
ticultural Society on Tuesday, September II. The ,,
plant is an introduction of Messrs. James Veitch & ,■
Sons. It is one of those beauties which can only be J
appreciated by those who are not exclusively wedded to
scarlet, crimson, and other brighter colours. The
sepals and petals are of a light yellow. I nearly
copied the tint by adding a very little orange paint to a
good sulphur-yellow, and there are the usual blotches on
this ground colour, also of the lightest orange. The
lip itself as well as the column is cream-coloured.
The two orange lines under the column are well
developed. There are no calli on the basilar angles
of the lip. It belongs to the variety with a large
anterior portion to the blade, such as Mr. Walter Fitch
has so well represented in Bot. Mag. 5759. It
affords me great satisfaction to name the variety
after its possessor, who takes the most sympathetic
and skilful care of his beloved plants. H. G. Rchb. f.
Maxillaria varicosa, «. sp*
A fresh member of the Xylobia 'group, which Sir
William Hooker reduced with such good judgment to
Maxillaria. The bulbs appear to be of a different shape,
fusiform or nearly conico-pyriform, furrowed, nearly
3 inches in length. Leaf with a petiole nearly
2 inches long, and a blade reaching I foot in length,
2 inches broad, oblong ligulate acuminate. The
inflorescence is three-flowered, and may by-and-bye
become richer. The linear acuminate bracts are
longer than the stalked ovaries. Flowers much in
the way of those of the short bracted M. corrugata,
but the lip is broader and very distinct. It was disco-
vered in Bolivia by Mr. Bang, and has just flowered
with Mr. T. Christy, F.L.S., Malvern House, Lower
Sydenham, London, S.E. H. G. Rchb. f.
FERRIERES.
The Chateau de Ferrieres, the country seat of the
Baron Alphonse de Rothschild, is situated about
20 miles from Paris. After leaving the railway
station the visitor enters a long avenue of trees, about
2 miles from the chateau, with woods on either side,
and fine trees, with an undergrowth of Rhododendrons,
which, with their dark green foliage, produce a fine
appearance. In May and June the eff'ect must be
grand. The park itself is well planted with fine trees,
well diversified. The mansion is a fine structure, and
stands on rising ground, whence a splendid view of
the surrounding scenery can be obtained. The lake
and grounds are well laid out j there is a bridge
crossing one side of the lake, from which also a grand
view of the chateau and the grounds on either side are
obtained, which enable one to gain idea of the good
taste that has here been displayed. On the terrace,
around the mansion, and on the other front are
some of the finest Orange trees in tubs we have
ever seen. The different views of the avenues here
obtained are charming. Some fine specimens of
Spruce Firs have been very successfully moved by
machinery ; enormous trees have been transplanted
in this way, and do not seem to have suffered from
their moving. Great care and judgment, however,
are required in this matter, and also to keep them in a
growing state after they have been moved.
On leaving this part of the grounds we come to a
very large orangery, where there are many fine speci-
mens in front standing out in the open on each side
of a broad walk ; they are kept there until the cool
season advances, and then they are removed into the
extensive orangery, where they must look noble. We
now proceed through avenues of trees until we
come to the principal glasshouses, which are so
arranged that one can go all round them, beginning
at one end. They form a kind of square with terrace-
walks in front, and a sunken garden below, with
grass and beds of flowers and shrubs. The houses
• Maxillaria varicosa, n. sp.— (XyIobium).!Aff. M. corrugala ;
racemo (ad manus quidemi, Irifloro ; bracteis lineari-lanceis
acuminatis ovaria pedicellata superantibus ; mento obtuso ;
sepalis lateralibus trianeulis acutis ; sepalo mediano ac tepalis
linear! ligulatis acutis : Tabello basin usque bene lato, oblongo
apice obtuso ob dentes minuto^ lateiales angulatos, ante
apicem trilobo ; lobo antico nervis ; nervillisque incrassatis
rugosis ; caUo Iransverso quinquedentato ante possito. Ex
Bolivia, introd. cl. T. Christy. H. G. Rchi.f.
September 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
393
are well backed with trees a short distance ofT, which
present a good appearance. The trees also serve to
protect the houses in winter, especially if they are on
the north and east side of the houses, provided that
they are far enough away not to interfere with the
shading of them, as plants and fruit trees require all
the light possible.
The first house we entered was one for East India
Orchids, the plants being in fine health and vigour.
A most glorious specimen of Vanda Lowii, standing
6 feet in height, with four fine growths proceeding
from the main stem, and every leaf perfect, bore
eleven spikes of its charming flowers, which extended
9 feet in length. The reddish-brown blossoms are
barred with lines of greenish-yellow, and the flowers
at the base of each spike are of a tawny yellow,
spotted with crimson. Some people imagine that
this plant does not flower until it attains a large size,
bul we have seen it bloom when the plants were but
2 feet high, and then with two and three good spikes.
We also noticed the pretty Renanthera matutina, with
a spike in full bloom bearing twenty flowers j young
The plants are well grown and of fine colour, making
fine decorative plants.
Crossing the broad terrace walk we come to a fine
range of vineries 2CX) or more feet in length, span-
roofed, and loaded with fruit from one end to the
other. The bunches were of good average size for
table. The Peach-houses have been bearing well.
There is a very long Camellia-house with many fine
specimen plants in it of the best kinds, with Lapa-
gerias alba and rosea showing bloom. There are
several other houses in this range filled with good
plants. One house is filled with Odontoglots, grown
for cutting purposes and for decoration, such as O.
crispum (Alexandrx-), O. Pescatorei, O. Halli, O.
nsevium majus, the latter with fifteen spikes ; a most
lovely species, and still rare. Associated with these
were Masdevallias in strong specimens, Oncidium
macranthum, O. incurvum, a fine plant in bloom ;
Ccelogyne cristata, promising well, and the interesting
Drosera dichotoma growing with the cool Orchids.
Disa grandiflora was in full beauty, with its bright
scarlet, pink, and crimson flowers.
Fig. 59.— statice suworowii. (see p. 392.)
visit, all out in the garden to finish their growth and
plump their buds for blooming. They will be brought
into this new house at the end of the summer. We
next entered a large span-roofed house with some
rockwork and water, with foliage plants and Ferns ;
over these are some Nepenthes with numerous
pitchers, which have a good appearance. Hanging
from the roof at the back are some good Vandas,
such as V. suavis, V. tricolor, and a noble plant of
Vanda Batemanii. On the side table was a well
bloomed specimen of Cypripedium superbiens, one of
the best of the barbatum section ; also a good plant
of Dendrobium Schrilderi, Angrsecum superbum,
Calanthes for winter blooming, cic. In another
span-roofed house we noticed a fine plant of Alocasia
Thibautiana, with its dark, bronzy-green leaves, and
other foliage plants. By the side of these were some
Cattleyas, such as C. Dowiana, C. Mossire, C. Men-
delii, &c. ; also Odontoglossum vexillarium, and O,
vexillarium rubellum in bloom. The last house in
this range is very gay with flowering greenhouse
plants, one mass of bloom.
Crossing the terrace we come to the department
where most of the plants are grown by the thousand in
small houses and pits for the decoration of those we
have just been speaking of, and also for the orna-
mentation of the chateau. There is no pretence in
these houses, they being merely intended for the
growth of the plants. In one house a quantity of
Vanda teres is planted out in moss, and thriving well,
many hundreds of spikes of bloom are gathered here
every year ; when in flower they must afford a grand
sight. These plants are treated in the same manner
every year. All the light possible is given to them,
together with a good supply of water in their growing
season, which is in summer ; in winter they are kept
dry to induce them to bloom.
Pines are well grown, and there are many fine
fruits coming on. We saw hundreds of Tree Carna-
tions coming on for flowering in pots for decoration,
also Bouvardias ; indeed, almost all kinds of useful
decorative plants are well cultivated here. Everything
is kept in the best of order ; cleanliness prevails every-
where, and great credit is due to M, Bergman for
the way in which the place is conducted, and the
great interest he seems to take in all those who are
under him. B, S. W.
fine-grown plants of Vanda suavis, V. tricolor, and
a good variety of V, insignis in beauty. Phalsenopsis
Schilleriana is well grown, and the foliage is strong
and robust. P. violacea was finely in bloom, as were
also some good specimens of Saccolabium retusum.
By the side of this was a fine plant of Cypripedium
Sedeni, a very pretty hybrid, nearly always in bloom.
Cattleya gigas was finely in flower, with its showy
blossoms, sepals and petals of a beautiful rose colour,
Up large, of a deep rich purplish crimson-violet in
front, with yellow in the throat ; there were
also several other good plants in bloom. The
next house is devoted to foliage plants, such as
Marantas, Anthuriums, with fine-foliage and some
flowering plants, which help to enliven the others.
Passing on we come to a grand house full of fine
Palms getting too big for their places, and which are
to be moved to a larger house. Among the inmates
we noticed some fine specimens of Latania borbonica, a
noble Palm when well grown goad plants of Areca and
Seaforthia, also some very fine specimens of Anthu-
rium Warocqueanum,Veitchii, and crystallinum, toge-
ther with A. Ferrierense, a new hybrid between A. or-
natum and A. Andreanum, which is noble when grown.
A fine house of Dracaenas next attracted attention.
Leaving this house we came to a piece of rock-
work that leads to a noble house just being built for
a winter garden for Palms foliage plants and Tree
Ferns, of which there are some fine specimens, that
will produce a good effect at once. All the pipes
being put down in this house are of copper, and we
believe that all the houses are heated with pipes of
the same metal. They look clean and nice, and heat
more quickly than iron pipes, but it is only those whose
purse is well filled that can indulge in them, though
when done with they are always worth their weight.
Proceeding onwards we arrived at a long range of
span-roofed houses, the first of which was filled with
flowering plants, such as Pelargoniums, Hydrangeas,
Trachelium cceruleum of a fine colour, and contrast-
ing well with the other plants, the colours being
distinct. Roses are climbing up the roof, and must
have a good appearance when in bloom. We also
noticed a span-roofed house full of fine-foliage plants,
such as Palms, Zamias, and others, with fine speci-
mens of Clivea miniata and Fancratiums. From the roof
hung a collection of Stanhopeas in baskets, some in
bloom. By thy side of this there is a new span-roofed
house for Azaleas, of which there is a fine collection of
well grown plants ; but they were, at the time of my
NOTES FROM BROCKHURST.
The summer is over. Autumn is upon us, and
winter is near. The thoughts of all gardeners are
directed forward ; plans are laid out for the new year.
Bulb catalogues pour in upon us, and you have to
decide quickly and order at once, else all the best
will be gone. It is a busy anxious time, and upon its
right employment much depends. The recent suc-
cession of hard winters has taught us to provide a
large stock of duplicates of all choice border plants.
Almost everything is benefited by renewal. Old
clumps grow coarse and poor, and young plants
should be brought forward accordingly. Propagate !
propagate 1 is, therefore, the motto, that you may
have stock enough in reserve to supply your own
wants, and spare stock also for your friends. Seed
time and harvest are also with us. It is impossible to
gather it all in, and so the borders should be lightly
raked over, and the seeds allowed to fall around the
plants. In this way you may have an abundant stock
of Delphiniums, Lupines, Verbascums, and a host of
other useful border plants without much trouble.
Rockeries require especial attention, or some of
your choicest treasures will disappear. Some are
smothered by the overgrowth of larger plants. Others
damp off with the autumn rains, and require every
care to preserve the residue. Some of the Saxifrages
are especially liable to loss in this way, especially
such as Burseriana, conoides, and the like. Nar-
cissus clumps should be thinned and replanted, and
some good rich soil substituted for that worn out by
three or four years' Daffodil growth. Such valuable
plants as Anlhericum liliastrum should be overhauled
and the crowns divided. In three or four years they
form a dense ball of root crowns, which meet together
and interlace until the life is almost squeezed out of
the centres. One clump which I took up yesterday
divided into four dozen good crowns, the produce of
half a dozen single crowns in about four years.
Now is the time also to buy Hellebores, which
bear removal best at this season. They should be
top-dressed with leaf-mould and old rotten manure,
so as to carry a large mass of blossom at Christmas
394
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[September 29, 1883.
there be found a larger variety of hardy kinds than at |i|
Comely Bank, In August and September they are
especially well worth a visit. One of the prettiest,
when looked at closely, is the double form of Erica ■
vulgaris ; this also makes a pretty bed. A double
white form of this Heath would be a great acquisition
amongst hardy Heaths. Is there such a plant in cul-
tivation ? Erica cinerea alba is one of the most effec-
tive kinds ; a good contrast to it is the dark red
form, E. cinerea atrosanguinea. All the varieties of
E. ciliaris are good, especially E. Mawiana (intro-
duced from Portugal to the Edinburgh Botanic
Gardens), and E. tetralix alba is worthy of a place in
every collection ; E. tetralix Lawsoniana is also good,
E. vulgaris Alportii is very distinct, both in habit and
in the dark colour of its flowers ; E. v. Hammondii,
white, is beautiful ; E. v. Serlei much resembles it,
but is said to flower a little later — the golden leaved
and the silver variegated forms (sometimes tinted with
rose colour) are pretty and distinct ; and the mossy
green form, E. v. pygmsea, differs much in habit from
all the others. Several varieties of Erica mediterranea
should not be omitted, as they flower earlier ; and for
beauty of foliage as well as good flowers. Erica vagans
and its varieties are valuable. An excellent use is
made of this Heath at the Pilrig Park Nurseries, and
also at the Warriston Nursery, as an edging to the
walks. It forms miniature hedges but a few inches
high, bright green, and in autumn supplies no small
quantity of blossom. It is one of the prettiest edgings
I have ever seen, and though it requires to be re-
planted oftener than Box, the trouble saved in clipping
must more than make up for the trouble of replanting
once in two or three years, C. M. 0,
time. According to Mr, Barr's catalogue there is to
be a great Hellebore campaign, and we must all
prepare for it. There is no plant better worth grow-
ing than the Christmas Rose, and it is well worth
while to find out which is the best and how it can be
obtained. This is to be tested at Tooting, and no
doubt others will experiment also for themselves.
Perhaps a special show of Christmas Roses could
be arranged at the Horticultural Society's meet-
ing, as near Christmas as practicable, so that the
public also might judge of the merits of the rival
sorts.
The most interesting plants now in flower are the
Asters and Helianthuses. This year we have a long
row of them, and a grand show Ihey make, rivalling
even the Tritomas for grand effect. I hear the latter
are of shorter stature than usual — 5 feet at JMunstead
— owing to the dry season ; but it is not so here,
we have had moisture enough, and ours are over
7 feet high. The Helianthuses are bigger, however —
giganteus and decapetalus are each 9 feet high, and
the multiflorus varieties are seven. Some of the Asters
are fully 7 feet high, and all are very floriferous this
season, and form a most interesting feature in the
borders. On the rockeries the Cyclamens are very
beautiful, and the charming Acfena microphylla with
its rosy burs never was finer than it is this season.
Senecio pulcher is also grand, the flowers measuring
quite 3 inches across. The Androsaces lanuginosa
and coronopifolia are also very full of flowers and
charmingly pretty.
Shrubs of every sort have made extraordinary
growth this summer, and Rhododendrons and Azaleas
are thickly set with buds, giving great promise for the
coming year, Wm. Brockbank, Brockhurst, Didshury,
Sept. 22.
SPRING BULBS FOR COOL
GREENHOUSES.
{Continued from page 362 )
Galanthus Elwesi. — In my opinion this is the finest
of the Snowdrops. It grows very freely, with glaucous
foliage, and large globular flowers, ithe deep green
bases of the inner divisions of the perianth being seen
between the outer divisions, which renders it distinct
from all other Snowdrops, G. Redoutci is also a very
fine species, with large leaves and flowers ; both are
well worth growing in quantity for the embellishment
of the cool-house.
Iris reticulata.— Oae. of the bulbous species, flower-
ing very early in the year, even outside. It grows from
6 to 9 inches high, with deep violet-purple flowers
marked with golden-yellow, varying in ground colour,
but always charming. It is most easily grown, very
distinct, sweetly scented, and in every way worthy
the attention of cultivators of the beauliful. I should
recommend collectors to grow I. Histrio, but am
afraid it is far too rare to secure for the work a gem
of ihe first order.
Lilium tenuifolium. — One of the most charming of
all Lilies, and the earliest flowering, sending up
slender stems furnished with deep green leaves, and
terminated by a raceme of bright scarlet flowers, with
the perianth divisions sharply recurved, so that they
resemble little brilliant spheres. It is far too rarely
seen in our collections ; more is the pity, for a more
lovely little subject could not be cultivated.
L. pulcheUuiH. — This flowers a little later, with
umbels of erect flowers of a rich orange-red colour,
on stems about 2^ to 3 feet high. It is a very hand-
some and easily grown species, but by no means com-
mon. The price of many of these Lilies has much
to do with their scarcity in our gardens, and the ques-
tion why they should maintain such high prices is
indeed rather puzzling. Native of Silesia, &c.
Miiscari armcniactiin. — Nothing gave me greater
pleasure last spring than a nice collection of Grape
Hyacinths in pots, among which was this species,
with its long spikes of light sky-blue flowers, deeper
coloured outside, each flower a little model in itself ;
the flower-stalks were about 9 inches high, and the
flower-bearing portion about one-third of its length.
M. Arg(ci. — Another species with good spikes of
flowers, of a deeper blue, and a longer and diflferently
formed perianth ; very free-flowering and showy.
M. botryoiJcs alba. — This is the white variety of
the common Grape Hyacinth, and a charming
bulb it is for pot culture, the pure white spikes of
flowers rendering it very effective ; indeed, no plant
was more admired than this, and the variety pallida
was when in flower. The latler is of a pale starchy-
blue colour, with lengthened spikes, both lasting a
long time in flower.
M. moschatus. — A species of very different appear-
ance, the flowers being less numerous on the spikes,
of a greenish-yellow colour, with a strong musky
perfume, which, apart from its beauty, render it very
desirable.
M. Heldreichii. — This is a dwarf-growing species,
with compact spikes of small globular flowers of a
deep sky-blue colour, with the small divisions of the
perianth limb slightly reflexed and pure white, and it
strikes you at once as being distinct, although a gar-
dening friend failed to see any distinctions between
any of the Grape Hyacinths. It is strange what
gardeners, as well as other persons, will sometimes
commit themselves to say.
Narcissus bicolor and its Varieties. — All these are
well worth growing in pots, with their spreading
white perianths and deep golden trumpets, conspicu-
ous amongst Daffodils, The typical form, with the
varieties Horsfieldi, Empress, major, and sulphureus,
are really bulbous plants of the first order, and are
likely to have a very bright and happy future,
N. Bulbocodium. — What is more showy than
good potfuls of the old Hoop Petticoat Daffodil ?
Arrange about seven good bulbs in your 5-inch pots
and wait the results. Numerous bright golden flowers
springing up from the grass-like leaves will brighten
up whatever position they occupy, and if in associa-
tion with it you cultivate the white variety, frequently
named monophyllus or Clusii, you will have greater
cause to bless the genus Narcissus for the beauties
included in her pale.
N. triandrus. — Another gem, with the perianth
divisions of a soft primrose colour and recurved like
the petals of Cyclamen or Dodecatheon, while the
cup is comparatively small and projecting ; the flowers
are borne in umbels, and I have known as many as
nine flowers in one umbel. A charming little subject,
it should be well managed.
N. maximus. — The large Daffodil, with golden
perianth and trumpet of the latter projecting, and
with deeply frilled mouth. It is one of the showiest
kinds under cultivation, and for what a long time it
has been known in this country. Good old Parkin-
son cultivated it in his time, and later on Curtis
honoured it by a figure in the Botanical Magazine.
N. moschatus .— Ont of the "silver Daffodils."
How charming such a designation sounds. Plant it
more freely ye growers of hardy bulbs ! The perianth
and trumpet are soft silvery white, pale primrose
when first expanding, much resembling N. cernuus ;
in fact, I have never yet seen or read of reliable
points of difference, which makes me believe they
are of one type. Which is the type ? Most likely
the common Daffodil, N. Pseudo- Narcissus.
N. PseudO' Narcissus pleniis, — I think if a choice
had to be made between the many double Daffodils
I should select this in preference to all the rest ; the
regularly interposed segments of gold and silver
render it charmingly attractive, and it is sweetly
scented, and lasts a long time under glass. I might
enumerate a host of other varieties, but presuming
everybody grows Jonquils (N. odorus) I must leave
them. Bulbophile.
{To he continued,)
HARDY HEATHS.
It is curious that hardy Heaths are not more gener-
ally grown than appears to be the case, as few autumn
flowers make better beds where soft colours are
required to relieve, or rather to enhance, the brilliant
tints of the autumn flower garden ; and still better is
their effect when grown near shrubbery walks, where
not too much shaded, giving unexpected bits of
colour amongst the shrubs, most of which are now out
of blossom. For their successful culture it is
necessary to replant them every third year, laying the
long woody branches under ground. A mass, or bed,
of each variety grown separately, is much more effec-
tive than when different kinds are planted in the same
bed. Their beauty is well shown in the Edinburgh
Botanic Garden, where small beds of some of the best
kinds are grown (one variety in each bed). From
early spring, when Erica carnea, E. carnea alba, and
E. herbacea, begin to flower, to far on in the
autumn, a perpetual succession of blossom may be
had, if a careful selection of kinds be made. There
are several good collections of Heaths to be found in
the Edinburgh nurseries, but, perhaps, nowhere could
VEGETABLE PRODUCTS OF
JAVA.
The British Consul, reporting on the trade and
commerce of Java for the year 1882, says, that in
many parts of this island, especially to the eastward,
Tobacco, which in former years was a fruitful source
of wealth both to Europeans and natives, has become
almost a thing of the past, and even in eastern and
southern Java, where several planters have persevered
in the cultivation, the resuts are such as to warrant
but little hope of the industry being continued.
Under the head of Tea it is said that planters have
paid increasing attention to the improvement of their
gardens, and with few exceptions have quickly
adopted all improvements in machinery proved to be
successful in British India and elsewhere. The yield
of Java gardens (nearly entirely confined to the west-
ward portion of the island) is rapidly increasing, and
every care is being taken to introduce the best
description of plants, the preference being still given
to the Assam hybrid. Exports to England and
Holland have been nearly equal during the past year,
the low price of British Indian Tea in the London
market having caused shippers to direct a large
portion of the late production to Holland,
Arrack appears to be an important production of
Batavia. It is stated that from the coast distilleries
at Cheribon, Samarong, and Sourabaya a fair pro-
portion was exported to Europe.
Private exports of Cinchona, although considerably
larger during 18S2 than in the preceding year, only
amounted to 181,354 Amsterdam pounds, but as nu-
merous Cinchona gardens, commenced some five or six
years ago, must shortly begin to yield, this article may
soon be expected to take a prominent position in the
list of exports from Java ; various concessions of land
in the high districts of East Java have lately been
granted for the cultivation of Cinchona, and working
capital has been readily forthcoming, showing general
confidence in the future of this culture.
Under the head of "Government Cinchona Plan-
tation " the following statement is made ; — The
Government Cinchona crop is steadily increasing
year by year as the plantations are enlarged. This,
year's crop (1S82), to December 31, amounted to
230,000 Amsterdam pounds as against 165,000 Amster-
dam pounds in iSSi, and 100,000 Amsterdam pounds
in 1880 ; but this figure does not represent the whole
crop, the remainder of which will be gathered during
the commencement of 1S83. The 1881 crop netted in
Holland 218,441 fl. 75 c, or about I fl, 32 c, per
Amsterdam pound.
Experiments were made during the year with a
view to ascertaining what percentage of alkaloid was
contained in the bark of young Ledgeriana trees grown
September 29, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
395
from the seed of the parent tree, from which it would
appear that baric of four years old when in good con-
dition contains from 9 to 11.75 P^' ""'• quinine, or
fully more than the older parent trees.
The number of trees in the Government nurseries
and plantations at the end of iSSi and 1882 stood
as follows :—
Yoitng Trees in the Nurseries,
C. Ledeeriana
C. succirubra .
C. officinialis .
820,700
515.000
198,300
186,890
1,205,800
199,300
31,300
736,600
Trees in the Plantation.
1882.
i88[.
C. Ledgetiana
694.900
620,680
C. Calisaya and Hasskarliana
445.500
520 000
C. succirubra and caloptera
474,500
596,600
C. officinalis ..
475.SOO
458,100
C. lancifolia
9,000
12, 100
2,099,400
2,207,480
Total number of trees
3.305,200
2,944,080
Black Pepper. — The " Lampong " crop of 1SS2,
which constitutes the bulk if not the whole of the so-
called Batavia Pepper, was during the year unusually
large, being estimated at about 53.000 piculs as against
an average of 23,000 to 25,000 piculs for the last two
years. The crcp commences to arrive at Batavia
during August, and the final sendings would be re-
ceived until well into March of the present year.
EUCHARIS AMAZONICA.
Few flowering plants are of easier cultivation, or
more serviceable to those who have choice flowers to
produce in quantity ; for not only will this useful
plant yield its flowers during the summer, but they are
produced with equal freedom during the worst months
of the year. With a good number of plants it is not
difficult to maintain a regular and constant supply of
flowers the whole year round. The whole of the
plants can be brought into flower at one time, where
quantity is required in preference to a succession, or
they can either be retarded or pushed forward at dis-
cretion. It can, if absolutely necessary, be flowered
three times during the year, but this only gives four
months for the growth to be made, for resting, and
for the flowers to be produced. This strain soon
taxes the energy of the plants, and instead of increased
strength and vigour they decrease, and only puny
flower-spikes result. When well grown, and only
flowered twice, strong spikes are produced, with from
five to seven enormous flowers upon each spike.
Some plant out the Eucharis in a prepared bed,
and doubtless they will do fairly well, but this is by
no means the most satisfactory system. To have
such plants permanently occupying a house,
often places cultivators at a disadvantage when quan-
tities of other plants have to be grown and house-
room is only limited. Again, when planted out they
must be subject to what is called the " constant grow-
ing " system when flowers that are wanted succession-
ally, and flowers at a given date cannot be depended
upon with any degree of certainty. The above sys-
tem may commend itself to those who require abund-
ance at one time, when the whole can be subject to
the same treatment ; then they may as surely be de-
pended upon as if grown in pots. Some contend
that rest is unnecessary. I have tried both plans,
and consider the non-resting system both unwise
and unnatural, as the Eucharis enjoys its season of
repose, and is benefited by it, as most plants are. The
system of culture I have found best is after the growth
is matured to gradually diminish the supply of water at
the roots, and thus to assist in bringing them slowly
and naturally to rest. During this lime the Bower-
spikes are properly and thoroughly developing them-
selves in the bulb, and the plants are afterwards sub-
jected to a temperature 5" or 10° lower than that in
which they were grown for three weeks or a month ;
the length of time, however, being generally regulated
according to the time the flowers are wanted. Cold
draughts are avoided while the plants are in a lower
temperature, and only sufficient water is given to keep
the foliage and roots in a healthy condition. They
not unfrequently, if left for a month, commence
throwing up their flowers before they are again
removed to the house in which they make their
growth. Under this system the flowers are not small
through premature production, but throw up natur-
ally, and the flowers in consequence are of the finest
quality.
Bottom-heat, so strongly advocated by some as an
essential item in the cultivation of these plants, is un-
necessary. Where a judicious system of cultivation is
practised the maintenance of bottom-heat is only a
waste of fuel, as they will do as well without it as
with it. Neither is it necessary after resting to assist
them in throwing up their flower-spikes. If once the
plants are trained, and grown in suflicient quantity to
yield a constant succession of flowers, some will be
growing, some resting, others flowering, while others
will just be completing their growth, and so on.
When the Eucharis is once trained to make its
growth at different periods they will ever after con-
tinue to do so if properly treated with that end in
view. At first their time of flowering should be noted
on labels placed into the pots until they are divided
into sufficient batches, and all in various stages of
development, according to the demand and circum-
stances. After their first season their condition is
readily recognised by experience.
I prefer to repot the plants where a succession of
flowers is the object, as the diff'erent batches go out of
flower, instead of going through the whole stock at
one time. At one time the idea was prevalent, and
is still persisted in, that these plants flower more pro-
fusely when thoroughly root-bound ; in consequence
they are sometimes allowed to remain in the same pots
for a number of years. Experience teaches us that
this practice is more imaginary than real, for our
plants bloom profusely, and are subject annually to a
thorough shaking out and repotting in new compost.
In potting the pots should be well and liberally
drained, covering the drainage with moss or the
roughest portion of the compost. The soil should be
pressed firmly into the pots, and should consist of
rich fibry loam, charcoal broken moderately small,
one 6-inch potful of bone-meal, and the same quan-
tity of soot to each barrowful of loam, with sufficient
sand to make the whole porous. They may, after
being thoroughly shaken out, show signs of flagging
for a few days, but if watered at once, and the foliage
ke.t constantly moist, the house quite close, and the
plants well shaded from strong sun, they commence
rooting and growing freely in about ten days or a
fortnight. Large specimens can be grown by placing
a number of bulbs in a good-sized pot. Although we
grow a few large plants, the majority of our stock is
in 5-inch, 6-inch, and 7-inch pots, which prove the
most serviceable, as they can be used in those sizes
for a variety of decorative purposes. When grown in
comparatively small pots they are more easily man-
aged, and a constant supply of flowers is by no means
difficult to produce. We never allow more than two
bulbs in the 5-inch and 6-inch pots, and often only
one in the smallest size. At the annual potting the
small bulbs are removed, and either potted if we wish
to increase the stock, or thrown away if not wanted.
Water must be liberally and constantly supplied
while the plants are growing ; in fact, they should not
suifer from the want of it in any stage of development.
Constant supplies of water soon bring the soil into a
very unsatisfactory state for the roots to work in,
especially where the plants are not potted for a num-
ber of years. These plants will stand liberal and
constant supplies of liquid manure while growing and
flowering, but I prefer annual potting, which affords
a liberal and suitable medium for the roots to work
in, instead of feeding continually with stimulants.
The night temperature during winter should be 60°
to 65° while growing, with a rise of 5° or 10° by day,
and during the summer 70° to 75° at night, with a
corresponding rise of 10° to 15° by sun-heat during
the day. Air is freely admitted when favourable, and
the plants during summer shaded from strong sun.
]Vt>i. Bardiiey.
How Flowers are Modified. — " The depend-
ence of entomophilous flowers (flowers for whose
fertilisation the agency of insects is essential) on
guests so infinitely various in habits, tastes, and
numbers, in their food and in the means of obtaining
it, must have rendered possible, not one, but countless
paths towards perfection, paths leading not always
forward, but sometimes backwards ; and only in such
a way could the infinite variety of existing flowers
have come into existence." Miiller's " Fsitilisatioit of
Flcnvers,^^
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM
{Lindl.) VAR. Lehmanni, Rchb.f.
Acting on the suggestion that has been pre-
viously made as to the origin of this plant, I
think a few notes may not be out of place. At the
page cited it is stated that the Odontoglot in question
is evidently a cross between O. I'escatorei and O,
crispum, but this, for various reasons, cannot be.
For one reason, the home of Odontoglossum Pescatorei
is in the north-eastern parts of Columbia, while O.
crispum var. Lehmanni is a native of the most south-
ern parts of this country and the northern districts of
Ecuador, the two plants being thus separated from each
other by the wide range of over 300 miles — an occur-
rence quite unknown amongst the Odontoglossa.
Although the colour of the flowers of O. crispum var.
Lehmanni resembles that of O. crispum, 1 am of
opinion that the Odontoglot in question is not a
variety at all, but, on the contrary, a good species.
Of this I felt sure sure when I first met with it in 1878,
and after having made detailed studies of the entire
plant in its natural habitat in 1S80, I named it in a
letter addressed to my excellent friend, Professor Dr.
H. G. Reichenbach, in his honour, as a mark of
warm admiration, Odontoglossum Reichenbachianum.
The characteristic features of the plant, which
guided me in this direction, were : the far smaller but
tougher development of all the organs of the plant ;
the branching out of the flower-spikes ; the great pro-
fusion with which the flowers are produced (up to
fifty-four on a spike were observed) ; the somewhat
narrow but long perigone ; and, par excellencCy the
large, rather broad, and always more or less panduri-
form labellum. The variations of colour, as well as
form and size of the flowers, are just as great with
this species as with O. crispum. Five such varieties
were specially observed and prepared for the her-
barium ; these were evidently hybrids between O.
crispum var. Lehmanni and 0. atro-purpureum, and
proved at first sight so distinct in their general struc-
tures that I nearly felt inclined to consider them as
species.
If we consider the geographical distribution of each
species and the transition from one species to anoihtr
of the entire group of white-flowering Odontoglots
which have their home in the Andes of Columbia and
Ecuador, we observe a very peculiar disposition of
the species according to certain laws. The Savana
de Bogot.a, full of historical interest and traditions,
where Bochica and Huythaca figure as good and evil
beings, the former with his miraculous cordon cleft the
Cordillera, in order to deliver his adopted country from
the deluge, thus forming the " Salto jigantesco r'e
Tequendama ; " this savana, which likewise is to be
considered as the centre of a past great civilisation,
also forms the centre of our contemplations. In its
fascinatingly beautiful mountains thrives the
pearl of South American Orchids — Odonioglossura
crispum, Lindl. It is an Orchid with simple or very
rarely branched flower-spikes : if branching take
place, it is only in luxuriantly developed plants, such
as were observed at the southern limit of the range of
distribution — and very large flowers. The limits of
the range of distribution lie between 3° 45' and 5° 30
lat. N. ; it is confined to the western slopes of the
eastern Cordillera, provided that O. Reichenbach-
ianum (0. crispum var. Lehmanni), [is coniidered as a
real species. Northwards to the zone of O. crispum
we observe its next neighbour in the species of O.
Pescatorei. It produces branched flower-spikes, and
much smaller flowers than ihe pre\ious species.
The limits of the zone of distribution, wl ich likewise
is confined to the eastern Cordillera of Columbia, lie
between 6° and 8° 15' lat. N. To the southward of
the zone of O. crispum we observe the parallel to O,
Pescatorei in the shape of O. Reichenbachianum (O.
crispum var. Lehmanni). It is a species with branched
flower-spikes, and but slightly smaller flowers than
0. crispum. Its zone of distribution is confined to
the Columbian central and Fcuadorean eastern
Cordillera. The latitudinal limits lie between 0° 30'
and 4° lat. N. The little known O. Murellianum,
which is found northward of the zone of O. Pescaiorei,
is in the south, to the zone of O. Reichenbachianum
(O. crispum var. Lehmanni), supplemented by a
hitherto undescribed species, which bears fine large
flowers, and branched spikes. On the slopes of the
somewhat isolated mountain masses of the Sierra
Nevada de Santa Marta, extending as far north as
11° 10', the elegant O. nrevium makes its appearance.
In the south this is supplemented by O. cirrosum.
396
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883.
growing likewise isolated on the slopes of the western
Cordillera, The limits of the latter lie between 4°
lat. S. and 2° 15' lat. N.
All these species form just as distinct and charac-
teristic a group as O. Halli, Lindl., with its numerous
congeners. The whole group inhabits a region of
from 1500 to 2600 metres above the sea level, with an
annual mean temperature ranging from 14*^ C. to
18°. 5 C. (58° — 60° F.). The region is moreover cha-
racterised by a comparatively high degree of humidity j
it stands by far the larger period of the year near
the point of saturation. The rays of the sun pene-
trate but little through the dense foliage of the woods
in which these Orchids grow.
From the foregoing notes, which are based on care-
ful observations and study, it will clearly be seen that
there can be no talk about O. Reichenbachianum
{O. crispum var. Lehmanni) being a hybrid between O.
crispum and O. Pescatorei. It is quite inexplicable
how the seeds, which v/ould have resulted from the
hybrid between the two latter plants, could have
reached the field of its present habitat, as they are
separated something like 600 kilometres (372 miles)
THE ROCK GARDEN.
The Whiteheads Rock Garden, Bickley. —
A visit to this garden is always pleasurable. Among
the most noteworthy plants observed some weeks since
were a great clump of Epilobium roseum : the colour
well harmonised by an equally large mass of Spiraea
palmata. Growing near this, but not in it, Gillenia
trifoliata was flowering finely; the distinct growth
and peculiar blossoms of this kind strike one directly.
Gunnera scabra was developing immense foliage just
in this part of the rockery, so that its roots were
most probably down in the saturated soil, although
the plant itself seemed to grow on rather higher
ground. Close by could be noticed a group of flower
stems of Lilium dalmaticum, the roots not having
been disturbed for years. A pretty little plant of
Escallonia macrantba seemed quite at home on a
sunny open space on the rocks, the foliage of a
wonderful dark green, that set off' a mass of rosy-
pink tubes. Nestling at the foot of this plant were
some diminutive clumps of an equally diminutive
Harebell, Campanula pulla alba, certainly just in its
rocks the Irish Heath was very conspicuous with its
white bells. Corydalis ochroleuca, Dielytra eximia,
a dwarf rosy-coloured species, and Aster alpinus,
also of very humble growth, with pale blue petals
surrounding a yellow eye. Making fine progress in
what was apparently a bed of the ordinary soil of
the place were some fine plants of Cypripedium cal-
ceolus, which certainly were making strong leaves,
although they had not flowered very profusely this
year. M.
CORYNOCARPUS L^VIGATUS.
This, as ordinarily seen, is an evergreen green-
house shrub with thick deep green leaves, but in
the favoured climate of the Scilly Islands it not
only thrives out-of-doors but produces its fruit, as may
be seen from the sample figured at p. 397 (fig. 61), and
for which we are indebted to Mr. Vallance, of Tresco
Abbey Gardens. The flowers are white, in terminal
clusters, but the fruits as here shown scarcely justify
the epithet " club-fruit." According to Dr. George
Bennett, the fruit is eaten and the seeds also, taking
Fig. 60. — gentiana ornata : flowers pale blue.
aerial distance from the transition locality. F. C.
Lehiiiann, Call, Columbia, August i.
GENTIANA ORNATA.
For our illustration (fig. 60) of this pretty species
we are indebted to Mr. Scott Wilson, who further
tells us that " it was planted at the foot of a mound in
our wood at Wisley, exposed to the sun at the edge of
a ditch where the black peaty soil is quite damp, a
good-sized piece of sandstone having been pushed
into the bank for it to root against ; at first it did not
grow much, but now it has made a fine plant, and has
been much admired for its lovely pale blue flowers."
As will be seen, it is a species of creeping or trailing
habit, with linear glabrous leaves, and tubular funnel-
shaped blue flowers. It is a native of the higher
regions of the Eastern and Central Himalayas, and is
fully described by Mr. C. B. Clarke in Hooker's
Flora of British India, \o\. iv., p. 116(1883). It
was also figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 65 14.
The Lambeth Amateur Chrysanthemum
Society will hold its meeting for the current year
on November 12, 13 and 14. Schedules and further
information may be obtained from Mr. G. S. Addison,
Hon. Sec, 22, Peckham Grove, S.E.
proper place. Campanula garganica, of dwarf habil,
and light blue in hue, contrasted well with a yellow
Antennaria caudata. Further on one came on
patches of Gentiana arvernensis in bloom, and also
pretty patches of Campanula Rainerii, and that
telling plant Mimulus cupreus : the brightness of this
last always fixes the attention, and it seems more
at home amongst rocks — in slightly damp situations —
than in a bed. Above this plant grew a bush of
Cytisus (Genista) floridus, a good late flowering
Broom. Senecio speciosus was also in flower, and was
apparently in excellent health on the limestone rocks.
The Linum campanulatum, with golden - yellow
blossoms, made a beautiful patch on these dark look-
ing rocks. A dwarf-growing Gentian, G. ornata, was
a pretty object close by (see fig. 60), and Thymus
lanuginosus covered a large patch of flat rock with
its pleasing grey growth.
On the granite rocks that form a distinct feature
in the garden, and which are set apart for those plants
that grow the best on this formation were — Triteleia
laxa, a pretty, dark blue, saucer-like flower with
slender foliage ; and Asperula cynanchica, very dwarf,
with white flowers ; Sempervivum chrysanthum, Epi-
lobium Fleischeri, a nice pink-flowering plant, much
dwarfer in growth than the majority of this genus,
being only about 9 inches in height here. Here on these
Care to steam and soak the seeds before use, to elimin-
ate the poisonous properties they possess. The genus
is now included among Anacards, but was formerly
referred to Myrsinads.
mi\\ii j|ota mi mmm.%%
Notes from Trentham. — Amongst the very
large number of select kinds of Orchids so well grown
here, there is much to interest those who are fond of
these plants. Some of the rarer kinds of Dendro-
bium are being propagated freely. Mr. Stevens got
a plant of the fine hybrid D. Ainsworthii as soon as
it was obtainable, this was subsequently made into
several that have grown to a considerable size ; ore
has fourteen strong leads. He has set to work to
propagate five hundred plants of this variety, and it
will not take many years to get them up strong at the
present rate j the better part of a hundred are now
well established with good bulbs, in many cases 9 or
10 inches long, and strong in proportion. The pro-
pagation is from bits of the back bulbs cut in lengths
composed of a single joint in some cases, in others with
September 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
397
two or three joints; these were taken off last year and
laid close together in little shallow earthenware pans
on a little damp material, kept close up to the glass in a
warm house, where they made bulbs about a couple of
inches long. This year the young growths are from
four to six times larger than those of last season ; each
plant is now in a little pan hung up near the roof.
The propagation of Dendrobiums and other Orchids
with jointed bulbs is not by any means new, having
been practised most likely since Orchids of this
description were first cultivated, and certainly more
with Dendrobiums than with most other species, but
few have attempted so much as Mr. Stevens has, or
more than two-thirds as large as those produced last
summer. The results of the propagation of Dendro-
biums does something to confute the mischievous
nonsense that recently has been set afloat about Den-
drobiums and other Orchids being benefited by
cutting away their bulbs — a piece of inconsistency that
does not seem to have any other object except trying
to make it appear that a new discovery had been made,
whereas the result of such work was long enough
known to those who had already practised it with the
object of increasing the number of their plants.
There is here a very fine plant of Dendrobium
Dominianum, a hybrid between D. nobile and D.
Lxlia anceps, filling a number of baskets 2 feet
square : one of the old plants before being broken up
last winter had 176 flowers open at once. Of the
pretty blue and white Vanda cosrulescens, so telling
in bouquets, there is a nice lot, and a long row of
large plants of Dendrobium filiforme, that were just
going out of bloom. Of the variety of Phalocnopsis
grandillora that bears very large flowers, there are
some fifty plants, in excellent order. The collection
of cool Orchids here, particularly Odontoglossums, is
well known, and the plants were never in better condi.
tion; the old plants, comprising the best forms in
cultivation, many of them extremely rare, keep getting
Fig. 61. — FRUITS OF CORYNOCARPUS LitVIGATUS, (SEE P. 396.)
been so successful. Moreover, the result of his
practice is instructive both with the variety named
and others similarly operated on ; in all cases if the
last bulb formed the'year before was used for propaga-
tion the cuttings made from it were found of little use,
as they would not start into growth like those made
of older bulbs, but lay for months alive, yet without
moving. In every case the increase in the number of
plants has been at a sacrifice in the strength of the
old ones, for although all from which the cuttings were
taken were as strong as they could be, and have since
been as well treated as before, the growths
since made are reduced in strength proportionate
to the number of old bulbs removed. Plants that
have had the penultimate bulbs cut away, leaving the
leaders untouched, have this season made bulbs not
moniliforme, with the habit of the latter, but much
more highly coloured. Some of the plants of D.
Jamesianum, kept always in the house where
the Lapagerias are grown, have bulbs 2 feet
long, with half-a-dozen leads
half dozen plants of Vanda
close up to the glass in a
the winter and until the
since then in a cold house
and Lapagerias, are in beautiful condition, all push-
ing up strong flower-spikes, one bearing two without a
spot or an unhealthy leaf. With these are several
large plants of Cymbidium eburneum, filling 12 or
I4-inch pots, in equally good condition, with the
stout deep green leaves this fine Orchid has when the
treatment suits it. In another house is a grand lot of
to a plant. Some
ccerulea kept hung
cool stove through
end of May, and
along with Azaleas
larger and flowering more finely as they get older.
Some idea of the unusually fine varieties of O. crispum
may be formed from the fact that five bulbs of one plant
were recently sold for forty-two guineas, and there are
numbers worth, proportionately, quite as much. These
cool species occupy several large houses, the principal
of which was, even at this time of the year, when there
is comparatively little in flower, a sheet of bloom. In
Masdevallias the collection is equally rich : a number
of distinct and beautiful forms of M. Harryana were
in flower. Amongst a number of strong plants of
Epidendrum vitellinum one was bearing a spike with
forty-eight highly coloured blooms. Not the least
desirable property in these cool Orchids is their
autumn-flowering habit.
In the aquarium the different kinds of Nymphsea were
398
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[September 29, 1883.
flowering well. There is always much that is inte-
resting in a house devoted to these water plants,
which, from their distinct and quaint forms, atTord a
stril(ing contrast to everything else. T, B.
Mr. Phillbrick's, Bromley. — Although getting
late in the season for much to be observed in flower
here yet the collection of kinds is such an extensive
one that there is nearly always something of interest
to be found. The number ol kinds grown has been
in some degree reduced since their removal from the
neighbourhood of Regent's Park, the force being now
concentrated chiefly on Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Odon-
toglossums, Cypripediums, and Calanthes. Fairly
carried out experiments are being superintended by
Mr. Heims, than whom a more zealous orchidophile
would be difficult to discover. Wisely contenting
himself with progressing step by step he gradually
inures individuals to more air, light, and sun, and so
far with very marked results in the shape of firmer
foliage and riper bulbs, which mean in all cases
greater floriferousness. With plants accustomed, as
rr.ost have been for years, to much shade, a saturated
atmosphere, and but little ventilation, the first efforts
to be made in the hardier treatment must extend over
severalseasons— the resultsbeing such that the manage-
ment of those sorts that conform themselves to the
hardier treatment will be much simplified, especially to
those about to begin Orchid growing. Watering is a
matter that will require less caution both as to time and
quantity, and certainly more of it is required, especi-
ally when the plants are suspended in the air. Here
we saw the following kinds of Cypripedium : —
Hookcri, Stonei, Icevigatum, Harrisianum, Lawrencea-
num, carrying for the time of year abundance of
bloom. Several strains of Lawrenceanum were to be
observed, which showed distinctly in foliage and flower
the marks of their parentage, which is very interesting
to the Orchid hybridiser. A fine piece of Dendro-
chilum filiforme, a graceful thing, with its yellow-
green blossoms, was growing in the Cypripedium-
house. This Manillan kind is a very useful summer
Orchid — compact, evergreen, and an abundant
bloomer,
•|lants and \y\\ |ullui[j.
PoTTiNG-UP OF Winter and Spring- flowering
Plants.— Such plants as Richardias, Eupatoriums,
Solanums, &c., which were planted-out in prepared
soil last May and June, will now have become good-
sized plants, and should, if not already done, be
potted-up forthwith. The individual plants should be
taken up with nice-sized balls of earth, and dropped
into suitable-sized pots, which have been previously
crocked, and a little fine soil, consisting of three-parts
sandy loam and one of leaf-mould, worked round the
ball so as to thoroughly fill up the space between the
latter and the sides of the pot. Plants thus potted
should then be stood in the shade for a few days until
the roots have taken to the fresh soil, when they can
be fully exposed to sunshine, and where they can
have a little protection afforded them at night from
the effects of frost. Especially will protection be
necessary for Salvias, which should be sticked as soon
as they have been potted and for Eupatoriums, as they
are both liable to sustain injury from a degree or two
of frost, which, by nipping the points of the shoots,
would throw them back several weeks from their
ordinary time of flowering. The case is different
with Richardias and Solanums, as a few degrees of
frost, though not desirable, will not hurt them pro-
viding the roots have pushed into the new soil,
W. H. W.
Stoves. — During the next few weeks attention
must be given to the rearrangement of the stove
plants, preparatory to the setting in of chilly nights
and the dull, sunless weather of the late autumn. If
any tender exotics are at present (for the sake of con-
venience) scattered throughout the other houses,
give an eye to them soon. Many a fine plant has
been irretrievably injured, if not killed right off, by
being left out in a cold house late in the autumn.
Clerodendrons are very susceptible of the cold, and
should not be allowed to remain in any house falling
below 55° at night. These and other climbing or
scandent stove plants that are gone out of flower may
be advantageously pruned half back ; if on trellises
they might be taken off and the plants tied into
closer compass, thus making room during the next
few months for more serviceable subjects for the time
being. In rearranging the stove at this season the
foliage and flowering sections should be harmoniously
blended together to produce the best possible effect
for the winter months. It is well, when we have
courage to do it, to part with unwieldy specimens
that are taking an undue proportion of the room
at command. Those plants likewise that are become
scrubby or unhealthy should be condemned at once,
to give more room for vigorous young stock to extend
themselves. Better results would follow if this last
hint was regarded more than it is in many places.
Whilst all this work is being done keep a sharp look
after all insect pests, and follow the advice laid down
in previous Calendars. Do not let the night tempera-
ture of the stove range much below 70° at banking-
up time for the next few weeks. If found at 65° in
the morning, that will be quite low enough, and will
tend to keep in check any preponderance of damp,
which would otherwise in all probability soon ensue
with a lower temperature.
A few of the earliest Epiphyllum truncatum may
now be introduced into heat ; they will come in use-
ful towards the end of October before the Chrysan-
themums are in force. The tuberous Gesneras, if
hitherto grown in pits, may also be placed in the
stove ; the extra heat thus afforded will help those
that are developing their spikes of bloom. Achi-
menes, Tydseas, and Gloxinias, now past their best,
may be stored away for the winter in a moderately
warm place. Keep watch on them, however, for
water occasionally, guarding against excessive drought.
The Caladiums had better be kept in the stove proper,
laying the pots on their sides for the resting season.
Give abundance of water to small decorative Palms
that are confined at the root, with occasional doses of
liquid or artificial manure to aid in keeping up a
healthy condition of things. Sponging the foliage of
these should also be seen to as opportunity may
occur, the more so if they are frequently used in
decorations. Keep up the young stock of Pandanus
Veitchii by propagating the small grass-like growth
for table plants. P. graminifolius is the best green-
leaved form, and easily increased by offsets. Tall
plants of Aralias may with advantage be cut down,
and fresh growths started from the base. Withhold
water when this is done till a new growth commences.
Greenhouses. — The stock of Capa 'and New
Holland plants should now be all safely housed, and
thus be secured against any heavy downpour of
rain. Look to the drainage, and wash all the pots as
the plants are taken in. Give an eye also to any
symptoms of mildew on the Cape Heaths ; a dusting
with sulphur as a preventative will be an excel-
lent plan to follow with dense growing kinds. Ele-
vate all choice specimens on pots to bring them as
near the glass as possible, and if the house be a
lean-to, they should be partially turned round occa-
sionally to keep all sides alike. Great care should be
taken with the watering, especially with fresh potted
plants : when it is performed, see that enough is given
to penetrate the entire ball. Soft-wooded Heaths and
the Epacris that are now set for bloom will require
more water ; do not let them suffer at the root, or
yellow buds, that will not develope, will be found on
the Heaths, and crippled blooms on the Epactis.
Any fresh bought-in stock of these winter- flowering
plants will require extra care at the first in this
respect, large heads in small pots being the object
generally had in view by the trade grower. With the
Indian Azaleas keep a watchful eye for any symptoms
of black thrips, and fumigate at once when seen.
The greenhouse should be freely ventilated both
night and day when the weather is favourable, and
the watering performed in the early part of the day
as much as is practicable. Some of the Lachenalias
that are now starting into fresh growth may be
placed on the shelves to bring them along gradually ;
part of the stock can be retarded somewhat by keeping
them in a cold frame for some weeks longer.
If, through pressure from other quarters any plants
are still left in the open, no further delay should be
allowed in having such as Salvias, Solanums,
Richardias and Libonias potted-up. We may now be
soon visited with a slight frost in the morning, and the
sooner all these plants are in safety the better for
their future well-being. Unless the Chrysanthemums
are extra early the major portion ought not to catch
any harm for another fortnight. Thinning of the
shoots or disbudding should now all be completed
and stimulants liberally applied. Remove any decay-
ing foliage when the plants are housed, and slightly
dust with sulphur to check mildew and damp in the
event of the plants having to be crowded together. Cine-
rarias in want of another shift should be looked after
as soon as possible. For general uses, however, extra
large sized pots of these plants are not desirable, these
having a tendency to produce foliage in excess. Small
sized Primulas now in 6o's will make useful spring stuff
by having a shift into 4-inch pots. Where these and
the Cinerarias are kept in pits, guard against damp by
abundant ventilation. Get the main lot of Dutch
bulbs potted-up as quickly as possible, unless required
for very late work. If ashes are used wherewith to
cover them, be very careful not to use any from sources
where other noxious ingredients can by any possibility
have been cast with them. I believe Dutch bulbs
have been frequently injured through this oversight
alone. James Hudson^ Gttnnershiiry House Gardens^
Acton, W,, Sept. 25.
Peaches anb Wectarines.
The time is now approaching when trees in early
houses will be taking their annual rest, and losing
their leaves. Where the trees have been exposed the
heavy rain and wind we have recently had will have
almost cleared them of foliage. Any root-pruning or
lifting (if not already done according to directions
given in former Calendars) may now be completed
at once ; the sooner it is done in early houses the
better. A little fire-heat may still be used in succes-
sion-houses to assist in ripening the wood. As trees
in late houses become cleared of fruit cut out all wood
not required for bearing fruit next year, and give them
a thorough syringing to clear them of any insects with
which they may have become infested. 7. Wallis,
Keek Gardens, Sept. 25.
Seldom do we experience in the autumn such a
lengthened spell of fine weather as we have enjoyed
during the present month. Its effect in the flower
garden, and, indeed, on all vegetable life, has been
very marked and beneficial. The beds, with few
exceptions, continue as bright and gay as they were
in the month of August ; as to the herbaceous and
mixed borders they are simply charming. We must
not, however, allow ourselves to be deceived- by this
exceptional weather, but take every necessary precau-
tion against a sudden change, which we may reason-
ably soon expect. Every effort should be made to
finish the propagation of the required stock of plants
as early as possible where this work has not already
been completed. It will also be well to take up and
pot any tender subjects, as well as any other plants of
which the stock may be limited as soon as the least
change in the weather is perceptible. If this can be
done without destroying the effect of a bed so much
the better, but where this cannot be done the whole
bed should be cleared, prepared, and replanted with
spring plants and bulbs without delaj'. This will not
only give the garden a neat appearance, but will also
enable the plants to establish themselves thoroughly
before the approach of winter. This is an excellent
time to decide on the manner of planting, and also to
select the plants for furnishing the spring garden, so
that every detail may be duly prepared and every
plant ready at hand immediately the summer plants
are removed.
Whatever method of planting maybe decided upon
— and fortunately the treatment of spring plants ad-
mits of varied and endless ways — a few important
points should on no account be overlooked. First, the
design of the garden and its position on the lawn, and
especially in respect to the mansion, should be fully
considered before deciding what method to adopt, or
what plants to use. To attempt to follow any method
in a geometrical garden situated near the mansion,
which is not strictly consistent with the immediate
surroundings, must prove incongruous and unsatis-
factory. On the other hand, to adopt the same
method when the spring garden is situated, as it
always should be, where Nature (not Art, except to a
September 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
399
very limited degree) lends her harmonious and appro-
priate charms to heighten the effect, would simply be
intolerable. In such positions errors can scarcly be
made if the operator will only copy as accurately as
possible those choice examples which Nature so
abundantly supplies, in almost every wood or forest
of any reasonable age at springtide. If these
examples are not sufficient, perhaps a visit to that
most lovely woodland garden at Belvoir will sufH-
cienlly explain my meaning, and if once seen can
never be forgotten.
Wherever the garden may be situated, and what-
ever the surroundings may be, such plants only
should be employed and in such manner as to be per-
fectly suitable to its shape, size, and position. If
massed beds of distinct colours are required, they
should be of sufScient breadth of colour and depth of
tone to indicate clearly the object desired, and great
care should be exercised to make the colours in the
adjoining beds as complementary as possible. As
different shades of purple, blue, and yellow, largely
predominate in spring plants, this, in geometrical
gardens, is not always an easy task, and requires
much more care than when treating summer plants.
Should lines, ribbons, or sectional methods of plant-
ing be desired, each line or section of colour should
be of sufiicient length or breadth to produce a decided
effect, so as not to portray, when in bloom, a meagre,
indefinite or patchy appearance. Nothing is perhaps
so intolerable in the arrangement, whether in spring
or summer, as meaningless mixtures of plants and
colours, which give endless trouble in management
and more frequently cause pain rather than pleasure to
those who see them. Amongst the numerous plants
suitable for furnishing the spring garden are the
following. Most of them bloom sufficiently early so
as not to interfere with the arrangement of the summer
garden ; they are comparatively cheap, easy of propa-
gation, and exceedingly beautiful and effective: —
Alysumsaxatile, Arabis, Daisies, Wallflowers, Violets,
Primroses, Violas, Myosotis, Polyanthus, Hepatica,
Phlox verna and P. setacea, Adonis vernalis, Irispersica
and reticulata, Anemones, Pulsatilla, nemorosa, and
apennina; Helleborus niger, Aubrietia, Draba aizoides,
Saxifraga oppositifolia, Collinsias, Nemophila, Sap-
onaria, Silene pendvda compacta, Iberis, Hesperis.
In addition to these, an earlier, more lengthened, and
most charming effect may be produced by the
judicious use of the early flowering varieties of the
different kinds of bulbs, which may, according to
taste, be inserted at regular intervals between the
plants or masses. Sometimes the dwarf kinds,
such as the Aconites, Crocuses, and Snowdrops,
are used to define edges, outlines, or sections
of the different patterns ; but this method is
seldom pleasing, generally absurd, and never so
simple and effective as the former plan. Whatever
method is adopted, early flowering kinds only should
be used, and should their time of blooming coincide
with that of the plants with which they are associated,
care being taken to select such colours as will
blend perfectly ; at the same time the aim should be
to select a few well chosen and effective colours rather
than attempt to introduce too many colours in a
limited space.
Bulbous plants often suffer great injury by removal
before their growth is completed ; this injury may be
considerably lessened by potting the more expensive
and later kinds, such as Hyacinths, Narcissus, and
late Tulips, into 3-inch pots, using very sandy rich
soil, and placing moss only at the bottom of
the pots. These can be easily plunged in the
beds, between the other plants, when the roots
will spread through the bottom and over the sur-
face of the pots. When taken up after blooming
they receive but a slight check, and if placed together
in a partially shaded spot and kept watered, they will
retain their foliage, ripen gradually, and remain ser-
viceable bulbs for many years. Amongst the most
suitable bulbs for the spring garden may be men-
tioned early and late Tulips, Narcissus, Hyacinths,
Aconites, Jonquils, Snowdrops, Crocus, Bulbocodium
vernum, Dodecatheon media, Erythronium Dens-canis,
Muscaci atroccerulescens, M. monstrosum ; Scilla
amcena, bifolia, and sibirica ; Trillium grandiflorum.
Cyclamen Coum, Fritillaria imperialis, Sisyrinchium
grandiflorum, Dodecatheon media. Most of these
bloom sufficiently early to admit of their removal in
time for the introduction of the summer plants, but
where the means and space exist for giving these plants
and bulbs their more natural and appropriate positions,
either in sunny nooks, or isolated and partially shaded
spots on the lawn, or far away in the woodlands,
either in broad masses or irregular patches, then their
numbers and varieties may be largely increased, and
suitable positions chosen for each group or family.
When so established they are very charming, requiring
but little attention, and give additional grace and beauty
to those delightful scenes which surround them,
simply because Nature is embellished, not disfigured,
by their presence. T. S, C,
Violets in Frames. — The present will be a good
time to plant a few frames with Violets. Assuming
that some runners or offsets had been planted out in
May, for the purpose of transplanting in frames in the
autumn, they should be taken up carefully, with a
little soil adhering to their roots, and planted, not too
closely together, in light soil, within about 6 inches of
the glass, in frames placed under a south wall. Press
the soil firmly about the roots in planting, water
through a rose, to settle the soil among the roots,
then put the sashes on and shade from bright sun-
shine for a few days until the plants have re-estab-
lished themselves, after which the sashes should be
drawn off on every favourable opportunity. Plants
thus treated will produce abundance of flowers in
early spring, and a few during the dull months of
winter. The Marie Louise is the best variety for
frame work. W.
The fine autumn weather with which we have
lately been favoured, may now, at any time, sud-
denly come to an end, therefore one must antici-
pate bad weather and be prepared. In many gardens
(and it ought to be in all) there is a root-room for the
storing of all kinds of roots for the winter's supply,
where they are safe from frost, and where they can
be attended to in inclement weather. Our store here
is built with a north aspect, and is half underground.
The walls are built hollow, with a loft overhead for
the culinary Apples, then a good thick stuftlng of
straw between the ceiling and the slates, and into
this room and loft no frost has ever entered, and the
result is, that roots and fruits retain their plumpness
till quite late in the year. Such places should now
be washed over with quicklime, to destroy any insect
and plant life which may be lurking in cosy corners
till more favourable times. Let no time be lost in
getting up the laie Potatos, and as it will be impos-
sible to find room indoors for the nine months' supply,
it will be necessary to pit them in the way described
in last week's Calendar, and during open weather in
winter to replenish the root-room from time to
time ; it is too early to pull any of the roots yet,
because their growth is not finished. Take advan-
tage of every favourable opportunity to add
more earth to the Celery ; the earliest will
now be fit to begin digging up for use,
and the blanched outside leaves should be saved, and
when clean washed are as good for flavouring soups,
&c., as the best heads. Attention to this ekes out the
supply. Attend to blanching the earliest Endive,
covering it or tying it up when perfectly dry. In the
herb garden Camomile is still very generally grown ;
on a fine day gather the blossoms and spread them
out in some airy place to dry, when they can after-
wards be put away in paper bags and kept in a dry
place till required. Where the Cabbage planting has
not been finished no time should be lost in getting it
done, and the small plants left on the bed can be
pricked out 3 inches apart until spring, when they can
be planted out for a successional crop ; but avoid large
kinds for garden cultivation. The three-light boxes
which are generally used for early Potatos should
now be placed in some sheltered corner fully
exposed to sun and light, so as to be ready to receive
the winter supply of Lettuce and the August sown
Cauliflower. Prick them out carefully, naming them,
so that the earliest kind shall have the first attention
in the spring. Where charcoal-dust can be had, it is
an excellent thing sprinkled over the surface of the
soil previous to pricking out ; the next best is ashes,
as helping to keep the soil dry during winter, and not
affording shelter for slugs. Keep a sharp look-out for
sparrows in the last sowing of Peas— they are valuable
now and need watching ; and as frost may come any
night now some protection should be in readiness for
the late French Beans. This is the finest month in
all the year to spawn Mushroom beds, the spawn will
run during the dull foggy days better than later on,
therefore use diligence in getting a winter supply ready
by daily collecting droppings from the stable-yard,
and make a new bed every month, but on no account
use fire heat just yet, the house will be warm enough
without it ; and keep it damp by watering the paths,
lie, with a very fine rose ; the crop will thus be
stronger and last longer than if pushed on rapidly.
Make one more sowing of Williams' Matchless or
some such kind of French Bean ; this sowing will be
the last of the season, and had better be sown in pots,
so that they can be moved to some sunny shelf by-
and-bye. A few spare mats ought to be thrown over
the Vegetable Marrow bed when there is a likelihood
of a frost, so as to prolong the season, or, rather, the
crop. Any Tomatos which will not ripen on the walls
may be gathered and placed over a flue or some such
warm place, with as much stalk attached as can con-
veniently be got to ripen. J. Kiist, EriJi;c Castle,
Jflelons anb Cucumbers.
Melons. — Plants swelling their fruits must be
pushed on with all possible despatch consistent with
their treatment, though, as I have stated in my last
Calendar, Melons, as a rule, are not worth much after
September ; but of course much depends on the con-
ditionof the weather in and during the month of October,
as also on the palate of employers. However, they
should be pushed on rapidly by shutting up early in
the afternoon, and maintaining a night temperature of
from 65" to 70° and 75° by fire during the day,
running up to 90° with sun and plenty of atmospheric
moisture. The plants should be kept well stopped,
and the fruits fully exposed to light and sun. As the
fruits approach maturity maintain a drier and more
airy atmosphere, and a moderately high temperature
to insure good flavour. Plants of Highcross Hybrid
and Colston Bassett in our late house are now ripen-
ing a fine lot of fruit, and having just set several more
fruit, and th; house being a light one, with plenty of
top and bottom heat at command, they are likely to
yield us a good supply of fruit all through October
and the early part of November ; during those
months water in any shape will have to be applied
sparingly and with judgment, otherwise canker would
be likely to attack the stems of the plants — a circum-
stance which would prove disastrous to the swelling
and ripening of the fruit //. W. IVard.
Cucumbers. — The first batch of plants which
were raised from seed early in August will by this
time have covered the trellis with good short-jointed
wood, which should beshowing fruit freely. These fruit=,
however, providing the supply obtained from other
sources be equal to the demand for the same, and
that there is plenty of scope for root-action, should
be removed at once to enable the plants to thoroughly
establish and strengthen themselves for producing and
maintaining a good supply of fruit later on. But on
the other hand, where the roots of the plants are
growing in a rather confined space, such, for instance,
as pots and boxes which they have filled with roots,
it will be advisable, under such circumstances, to
allow each plant to swell off a few fruits, which will
draw oft" the pent-up sap. \'entilate the houses in
which these plants are growing freely on all favour-
able occasions, so that they may make a short-jointed
and consolidated growth, which will, all other points
being duly attended to, enable them to pass through
the rigours of winter satisfactorily. Plants raised
from seed at the end of the preceding or beginning of
the present month should now, if not already done,
be planted in the manner set forth in my Calendar in
your number for August iS, p. 207. Should green
or blackfiy be troublesome fumigate lightly with
tobacco-paper a couple of nights in succession, when
the foliage of the plants and the house in general are
dry, which will be better and safer than filling the
house too full at one time. Syringe the plants well
the succeeding mornings, and ventilate freely, weather
permitting. Add some more soil to the hillocks
as the roots protrude through the surface, and
see that the plants receive water when necessary —
those growing in pots and boxes will require a copious
supply frequently. Let the necessary stopping,
thinning, and tying of the shoots be attended to as
occasion may arise. //. IV. WarJ, Longford Cmtle,
Wilts.
400
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Woolhope Club Fuiij^us Foray Commences
(four uavs)- ^ ,
Sale of Bulbs from Holland, at Stevens
Rooms, „ , n
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
L Morris' Rooms
r Sale of Nursery Stock at Young s Nursery,
' Balham, by Protheroe & Morris.
Sale of Horses and Carriages at the Forest,
Snaresbrook, by Protheroe & Morris
Sale of Poultry and Pigeons, at Stevens
Rooms
Sale of Bulbs from Holland, at Stevens
Rooms. .,, J
Sale of W ursery Stock at the Abbey Wood
Nurseries, by Protheroe & Morris.
Sale of Nursery Stock at Steell's Nursery,
Richmond, by Protheroe & Morns (two
Sale of Imported Orchids from Mr. F.
Sander, at Stevens' Rooms.
E.xhibiiion of Apples Opens at Chiswick.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
L Morris' Rooms,
f Sale of Orchids at Protheroe & Morns
Rooms.
■i Sale of Nursery Stock at Ponsford s Nur-
I sery, Bri.xton, by Protheroe & Morris
(two days). , „
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
Rooms.
libs from Holland, at Stevens
MOND.W, Oct. 1
Tuesday,
Wednesdav* Oct. 3 •
Thursday, Oct. 4
Friday,
Saturday,
Oct. s
L (two days).
( Sale of Du
,: J Morris' Ro(
°i Sale of Bulb
( Rooms.
FIRST among the many and various schemes
intended for the benefit of the agricultural
part of the Irish population must be named
that of Afforestation— the planting of the
more unfruitful portions of the country with
timber trees. The poorer tenantry and cotters,
no longer able to raise even a miserable sub-
sistence from their patches of ground, would
be enabled, by reason of the paid services
they would render to the landed proprietor or
capitalist, to live more in conformity with civil-
ised conditions. The enclosing of forest ground
with stone walls, roughly built, such as are
commonly met with in Ireland, as well as in
other parts of our country, as in Dorset,
Devon, Cornwall, in Wales, Scotland, and
in the northern counties ; the draining and
forming of conduits, trenching and planting,
would afford regular employment to both sexes,
and in many districts in considerable numbers.
The small farmers themselves, who are always
in want of wood for fencing and numerous
other purposes, would also be benefited by
having a small but adequate portion of their
land set apart to be planted with quick growing
useful trees, as Black Austrian and Scotch Fir,
Spruce, Larch, Chestnut (Sweet), Ash, and the
Walnut, the latter for the sake of its fruits,
which are always a marketable item. This list
might be much varied according to the suit-
ability of certain sorts to height above the sea-
level, soil, and the climate of a district.
This portion of timber-planted land should
be well defined as to its main bulk, as it is
invariably found that timber trees grow faster
when associated together over good sized areas
than as single trees or small groups ; still, small
groups in the pasture lands and trees for shade
and for defining the line of road in snowstorms,
are desirable. In all farmers' plots, good kinds
of basket Willows should find a place, especi-
ally when near the coast, together with the
common Hazel, both being much in demand for
the manufacture of basket ware and fishing
creels and lobster pots.
The system of helping the poorer sort of
farmers and cotters, or the indication of means
by which they could help themselves, is
in operation in several parts of Germany
and Moravia, more especially in those districts
that were colonised by Croats during the reign
of Maria Theresa. These pepple, who are
as completely agricultural in their habits and
predilections as the majority of the Irish people,
were introduced to cultivate a land that was
rapidly degenerating into a wilderness, owing to
constant depopulation by war and famine.
They exist there to this day— a people apart in
language, dress, and customs from their Ger-
man, Bohemian, and Hannack compatriots,
mainly existing by farming, wine growing, and
forest labour. They mostly have small reserva-
tions of wood-land, which they manage as they
think proper.
On land that has been under some sort of
cultivation, when the soil and situation are suit-
able for Oak in its several varieties, there would
be much saving of time and labour by sowing
the seed instead of planting with seedlings
raised in the nursery ; the plants so raised,
owing to the tap-root not being severed or
injured, as is hkely to be the case with trans-
planted stuff, are better able to withstand the
wind when they arrive at a large size. The
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) can also be so
manipulated on land that has been under crop,
and is a quick-growing, useful tree, making
frequently the first season after sowing
2 feet of growth, and reaching the height of
10 feet in four years. As in the case of all the
Walnuts, the seed soon deteriorates, and should
therefore be sown in October or November, or
pitted till the spring in sand or loamy soil.
This plant will be found nearly as useful as
Ash by the waggon builder, being tough and
elastic ; and as material for the cabinet-maker
its handsome dark mahogany-like wood is not
to be despised.
Shelter plants should be frequently planted
on the windy sides of woods, and these
may consist of Black Poplar, Balsam Poplar,
Alder, and common Willow, and the good sorts
of Willow for cutting as pollards of 10 or 12
feet. It may not unfrequently happen that
Alder and Willow stakes are to be got of suffi-
cient stoutness to make, as it were, a ready-
made plantation for the above purpose. These,
if cut to 6 feet in length, sharpened at the butt
end, and driven into the ground at 6 feet apart
and I \ deep, will take root, and thus form a
good wind break in a very few years. These
shelter trees could be thinned out when they
get too much crowded, leaving the Willows at
pollarding distances apart. This kind of shelter
would in some localities take the place of stone
walling, or turf banks, more particularly in
spots destitute of stone, or good tough sods.
Pinus Laricio, the Corsican Pine, is the tree
of the future in many places. For rapidity of
growth and superiority of timber it is much in
advance of Pinus sylvestris. Pinus austriaca,
the Black Austrian Pine, is also an excellent
tree, being a vigorous grower that soon comes
into use — the wood being very resinous and
durable.
If large woods were planted in Ireland, in
course of time many industries would spring
up around them to help the people in a great
variety of ways. We may merely mention char-
coal making, the fabrication of toys, matches,
hats, paper, tar, turpentine, resin, bracket-
work, sawing, to say nothing of the proper
attention that must be paid to the growing
plantations, and to the preparation of additional
ground for forest purposes. It will be seen
that with the gradual replacing of the forest
that once covered the great part of the country,
many more industries would naturally arise.
The land would, owing to the presence of woods
on the slopes and lowlands, not be so hable to
floods and devastation from the overflowing of
unembanked streams, and would, therefore,
gain in salubrity, and the waters, instead of
finding either a rapid exit to the sea or other-
wise, would be retained to accelerate the growth
of the timber trees planted.
The Tramway Act for Ireland, passed in the
late session of Parliament, provides among other
things for the planting of trees. Clause 20,
as we learn from a communication of Dr.
Lyons, enacts " that the planting of trees shall
be included among the purposes for which
money may be advanced by the Board of
Works under the 31st section of the Land
Law (Ireland) Act, 1S83. Owners and occu-
piers of land are therefore exhorted to apply
for loans to enable them to plant in waste land
unsuitable for tillage or pasture. The Irish
press warmly advocates planting operations on
waste ground, railway embankments, and the
like, and enforces its recommendations by a
letter from Mr. Little, who points out that
Ireland possesses great advantages for the for-
mation and development of its forests, and con-
trasts the state of things with that in Canada,
where the destruction of forests is going on
rapidly, and where the rate of interest for
money is much too high to allow its employ-
ment for planting purposes. There can be
no question as to the enormous benefit that
might arise from a properly devised and care-
fully carried out scheme of planting. The
remuneration from tree-planting is too slow in
its growth to be suitable for individuals of
straitened resources, but the matter is altogether
different when Government or wealthy capi-
talists, not anxious for an immediate return,
take the matter up. Thirty, forty, or fifty years
is no long period in the history of a nation, but
during that period the revenues from properly
managed plantations become very large indeed.
Forests and forest products give promise of
much future benefit to Ireland, whose climate
and soil are so unsuitable for the successful
practice of many branches of agriculture.
The Apple Congress at Chis-wick.—
A very extensive and remarkably fine display of
Apples is anticipated on this occasion (October 4 — 18),
the applications for space being numerous. Amongst
others large collections will be exhibited by Messrs.
Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth ; The Cranston Nur-
sery Company, Hereford ; Saltmarsh & Sons, Chelms-
ford ; Harrison & Sons, Leicester ; Lee & Son,
Hammersmith ; Scott, Merriott ; Wheeler & Son,
Gloucester; Bunyard, Maidstone; Killick, Maidstone ;
Haycock, Barbara Court ; Britcher, Tonbridge ;
Veitch & Sons, Chelsea ; Lane & Son, Great Berk-
hamstead ; Dickson, Chester ; Poynter, Taunton ;
Dunn, Dalkeith ; Gilbert, Burghley ; Stevens, Trent-
ham ; Selwood, Eaton Hall and district ; Miles,
Wycombe Abbey; Clayton, Grimston Park, &c.
Extensive collections are also expected from Tweed-
side. There will be a meeting of the general com-
mittee on October 4 at 2 p.m. Certificates will be
awarded to approved new varieties, the sub-com-
mittee being entrusted with the preparation of a
detailed report, &c.
International Exhibition at Nice. —
The authorities of the town of Nice announce their
intention to hold an international exhibition of
horticulture, agriculture, and objects of art or
industry therewith connected. So far as horticulture
is concerned there will be a permanent exhibition
lasting from December I, 1883, to May i, 1884, and
three periodic exhibitions, on December 15, 1883,
February 10 and April I, 1884. The latter exhibition
is expected to be the most important of the series ; and
a horticultural congress, to be attended by representa-
tives from all nations, will be convened on the occasion.
Further information may be had from M. Felix
Martin, Nice.
Dr. Boddaert's Orchids. — We are informed
that the Compagnie Continentale d'Hotticulture have
acquired the celebrated collection of Orchids of Dr.
Boddaert, of Ghent. This collection is unique as
regards the size of the specimens and selection of
varieties. The new Orchid-houses of the company
will be in order from October 10 next, and all
amateurs are invited to pay them a visit from that
date.
Force of Growth. — The power exerted by
plants in growth is something surprising. In the
experiments by President Clark upon the Squash,
this fruit in growing was able to raise 4120 lb., and
carried for ten days 5000 lb. without injury. The
frequent displacement of flagging stones, and the
injury often done to pavements by the roots of shade
trees, make it evident that growing roots of firm wood
exert, under suitable conditions, a tremendous me-
chanical force. The power exercised by an annual
root is also exceedingly great, as shown in the case of
a long Blood Beet planted at the New York Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, in an inch drain-tile set
up on end and buried in the soil. This drain tile was
split lengthwise with the greatest ease as the root
outgrew its accommodation. The lifting force of
fungi often excites surprise. A correspondent from
Braintree, Essex, has lately sent us a specimen of a
fungus, identified by Mr. W. G. Smith as Agaricus
THE GARDENERS' CffRON/CI,E. — SKPTmBKR 29, iS
Fig, 62.— cattleya sanderiana : lip deep magenta-purple, (see p. 404.)
402
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883,
arvensis, and which is reported to have upheaved a
flagstone measuring some 2 feet 6 inches by I foot
10 inches. Such statements are sometimes received
with incredulity, or rather the phenomenon observed
is attributed to other causes, the growth of the fungus
not being conceived to be adequate to produce such
an effect. This, however, is a mistake. If not in the
case of the fungus, at least in that of some other
plants, the lifting force has been not only observed
but carefully measured, as in the case of the Pumpkin
above mentioned.
Hyacinths. — The immense number of
these favourite bulbs now offered make the selec-
tion perplexing to the majority of those who
simply grow flowers for ordinary purposes, but do not
go minutely into the differences of habit as to early or
late flowering, adaptability for forcing, or other
matters of a like description that at first sight may
not seem of much importance, but which nevertheless
go far to make up the diff'erence between success and
partial failure. Even in the matter of the length the
leaves attain in different varieties a good deal depends
upon the appearance the plants have when in flower.
Again, the flowers may be fine individually, but
naturally loose and far apart on the stem, or too
much crowded. Either of these extremes will
mar the effect. Bright decided colours appear
equally essential ; single kinds are grown for market
almost exclusively. The growers have to make
themselves acquainted with all these qualities before
selecting a considerable quantity of any variety.
To prove their suitability every variety at all
likely and not too high in price is tried, and
when found superior to any sort that has been
before used it at once takes its place. There are com-
paratively few that will bear forcing so as to be in at
the beginning of the year at the time required for
market. The following are the sorts grown by one of
the largest and most succeesful market growers, who
each year has an immense quantity of these flowers : — •
Earliest : Homer, deepest red ; Blanchard, white ;
Kroon Prince, white ; Charles Dickens, light blue ;
Orondates, porcelain-blue. Second, to come in the
beginning of February : Grand Vedette, white j Amy,
dark red ; Charles Dickens, blue ; Grand Lilas, blue.
Third lot, to come in the beginning of March :
Madame Van der Hoop, white ; Gertrude, red ; Lord
Macaulay, red ; Marie, blue ; Mimosa, purple ; Charles
Dickens, blue. The following are also remarkably fine
varieties, but a little too dear to admit of their being
grown for market: — L'Innocente, white; Lord Derby,
porcelain-blue ; King of the Blues, dark blue ; Prince
of Orange, pink ; Von Schiller, salmon-pink. These
are all distinct and effective in colour, of excel-
lent habit, and throw large spikes of telling flowers ;
and though only very few as compared with the
immense number of varieties in cultivation, will be
found more satisfactory in most private gardens than
if more sorts were used.
Royal Caledonian Horticultural So-
ciety.—-Messrs. James Dickson, of Edinburgh,
write that the correspondent who furnished the report
of the show was in error in crediting the Lawson
Company with the 1st prize for twelve Conifers in
tubs, when, in point of fact, Messrs. Dickson were
1st in that class,
"The Jersey Gardener." —Under this
name a monthly periodical devoted to gardening and
rural economy has just been established. The present
number contains, in addition to other matters, a
report of the Royal Jersey Agricultural and Horticul-
tural Society's Exhibition in August last. The
Channel Islands are so favoured as to climate, that
their horticultural productions contribute a very im-
portant item to the revenues of the islanders, so that
we trust our young contemporary may have a useful
and prosperous career,
PSIDIUM CATTLEYANUM, OR GUAVA. —
This may be recommended as a suitable plant
to clothe the walls of intermediate-plant-houses
or conservatories, or for growing with Oranges
and Shaddocks when cultivated for table use,
and where consequently something higher than
greenhouse temperature is kept up in winter and
summer. The plant is an evergreen with neat Myrtle-
like foliage, and whitish blooms, the fruits dark
reddish-brown, and the size of the berries of Alicante
Grapes. The preserve made from them fetches a high
price in this country, but the raw fruits are seldom
eaten here, possibly by reason of their not being
properly ripened under the cultivation they usually
have to endure in our greenhouses. It will grow in
any sound mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and can
be kept in health and ftuitfulness by annual top-
dressings of soil and manure, when planted in a pro-
perly made border : in tubs or pots, shifting may be
made every second growing season, and the plants will
under such conditions be benefited by the application
of weak liquid manure-water at weekly intervals.
Glass Shelters in the North for the
Flower Garden. — These very necessary adjuncts
to the successful cultivation of tender garden produc-
tions obtain at Sir W, Armstrong's unique gardens
at Cragside an uncommon application of the prin-
ciple. The climate, being rough and unsuitable
for the growth of the plants we grow in southern
portions of the country in the open, the method has
been adopted of enclosing parallelograms of various
areas by glass walls. These are 9 feet high, and
roofless, in the case of those standing independent of
brick walls. Low stone or brick foundations are
given to these on which the woodwork and glass are
erected. Within these gardenettes, which are entered by
glass doors, are great varieties of shrubs and herbaceous
plants. Lilies, Fuchsias, subtropical subjects, and
ordinary bedding plants. One of the divisions was
actually set apart as a flower parterre, standing
between two blocks of glasshouses, and protected on
the open side by the glass wall. The shelter given
to the tender plants was perfect, as could be seen in
their vigorous and healthy look, and without which it
would have been impossible to have had presentable
specimens, or in some instances to have attempted
their cultivation. Being roofless the needs of the
enclosed inmates were very generally met by the
rains that fall in that usually rainy district. The paths
are of flagstones, and the beds are surrounded by
a low kerbing of the same material. Another kind
of shelter in use here, attached to brick or stone
walls, is of the nature of an ordinary Peach wall
case. These are fixed to the wall, and are fitted
with lights in the front and on the roof. The front
is removed during the fine season, and replaced in
the winter. In these grow Clematises in variety,
Andromedas, Berberis stenophylla as a wall plant,
Himalayan Rhododendrons, Gladioli and Salvias.
A beautiful Hypericum, about 4 feet high, was
literally covered with pretty yellow blossoms ; Tro-
pjcolum speciosum, and a host of things that every-
body trusts out-of-doors without protection in more
favoured parts are here grown under this form
of shelter. Except in the parts of England but
little visited by winds it is not possible to see the
subjects that are grown here in such an uninjured
condition as regards leaf and flower, as they are to be
found in these sheltered areas.
Wall Plants from an Old Garden. —
Ribes grossulariajfolium coccineum is a plant that has
got rather scarce of late years. It is a prickly branched,
coarsely-haired plant, too tender to grow as a bush,
except in extreme southern or western counties. The
flowers appear in April, are scarlet, very brilliant, and
not unlike those of Mitraria. It requires some pro-
tection from straw and mats during the winter, and
some little pruning and regulation when young. It
will reach to the height of 12 feet. Edwardsia gran-
diflora, is a rather tender handsome yellow pea-shaped
flower, which also requires some slight protection in
winter. The blossoms, which are a fine shadeof yellow,
and of 3 inches in length, hanging in clusters, come
before the leaves. It should be trained like a Plum,
and pruned after flowering. Malva triloba is a very
free-flowering Mallow-wort, of strong growth, soon
covering a wall 12 feet high. The foliage is rather
coarse in young plants, but much less so in old ones.
The blooms are of the same hue as those of the Marsh
Mallow, but with a dark spot on the petals, and are
about i^ inch broad. The general aspect resembles
that of a pale variety of Hibiscus syriacus. This
plant must be protected in winter, care being taken
to protect the root-stock thoroughly from injury
by frost.
Underground Onions.— These are kinds
but little grown now, but formerly scarcely any
garden was without some one or more varieties.
They could be relied on to produce good bulbs, when
from ill-ripened seed, blight, disease, or adverse
season, the spring-sown crop fell below the usual
quantity, The main bulbs throw out bulbils from
their base, which are the sets for the next year j these
should be taken off when the bulbs are lifted and dried
for storing, and should be separately stored. Most of
the kinds are globular or spherical, but there are one
or two pear-shaped varieties, which are much
sweeter, and very much milder in taste than the
others. The planting is usually done at the same
period as Shallots, Garlic, &c., the after-culture being
the same as with other kinds.
Darwin's Last Words.— The recent brilliant
but fanciful writings of would-be popular instructors
lend additional point to the following remarks, con-
cluding the preface to the translation of Muller's
Fertilisation of Flowers, recently noticed by us. The
words in question are among the last, if not the last,
penned by the great master. After pointing out
sundry matters in which our knowledge is still imper-
fect—matters, we may add, of great interest to
practical horticulturists, and specially to hybridisers
and raisers of new varieties — Darwin proceeds to
show how these imperfections may be remedied. His
remarks, of course, were meant to apply to the par-
ticular subject in hand, and to the particular book
under notice ; but they are applicable to any and all
departments of natural science. He counsels the
observer to study Muller's work, and "then to
observe for himself, sivins; full play to his imagina-
tion, but rigidly checking it by testing each notion,
experimentally." We have put these words in italics,
but they should be hung up in the room of every
student, and serve as the guiding principle in all his
work. It is exactly what Darwin did— he first made
himself acquainted, so far as possible, with what his
predecessors had done, then he observed for himself.
Thus provided with a basis of experience and obser-
vation he proceeded to submit these observations to
the test of practical experiment and verification. His
imagination suggested the line of attack, his scientific
method ensured the attainment of success— so far as
the conditions allowed.
CovENT Garden.— Readers of the daily
newspapers will have learnt that the much-abused
Duke of Bedford has offered to the Corporation of the
City of London an opportunity for acquiring and ex-
tending Covent Garden Market, and thus not only of
obviating what has become a gigantic nuisance, but
of greatly facilitating the work of all who have busi-
ness there. The matter was also mentioned, if we re-
member rightly, last year at the dinner of the Gar-
.deners' Benevolent Institution. It might puzzle
astute lawyers to know what the City of London has
to do with Covent Garden. By whom the desired
improvements are to be made is, however, to most of
us a matter of very secondary consideration. To dis-
place an old market or establish a new one is as
difficult a task as the uprooting of a popular error.
The present market, therefore, should be extended
and improved, the means of egress and ingress
should be multiplied and enlarged and the whole-
sale department kept strictly apart from the re-
tail. A large city like London, however, needs
more markets, and in poorer neighbourhoods the
interests of the hard-working "coster" might, with
advantage to all parties, be more considered than
they are. It was expected in some quarters that the
establishment of the Parcels Post would facilitate
dealings between the producer and consumer, and
thus obviate, to some extent, the constant complaints
about the low prices obtained by the growers, the
large prices demanded by the salesmen and com-
mission agents, and the still larger prices asked and
obtained, too, by the local greengrocers. We do not
hear, however, that the Parcels Post has yet had any
effect in bringing consumer and producer into more
direct communication.
— — Vanda Sanderiana.— This wonderful new
Orchid is now in flower in the Downside collection,
Leatherhead ; to Mr. Lee, therefore, belongs the
honour of being the first to flower it under cultiva-
tion. For the credit of the plant it is only just to say
that, much as it has been talked of and glowing as the
description has been, it fully bears out all that has
been said of it, as it proves itself to be the most
striking and noble of recently introduced Orchids.
It is difficult for pen or pencil to give anything like
an adequate idea of its beauty— a beauty which pre-
sents new tints and fresh features with every change
of light in which it is viewed ; for example, when seen
against a background the immense flat blooms have a
waxlike and solid appearance ; but when looked at
Septemiier 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
403
with the sunlight behind the flowers, they have an in-
describably delicate and transparent appearance, and
the markings and veinings appear like the delicate
tracery in coloured glass, the lower segments seeming
yellow, with scarlet-crimson veins ; when seen with
the sunlight shining on it also the whole of the blooms
seem frosted or silvered over. Whenever Vanda
Sanderiana has been spoken of by way of description
Odontoglossum vexillarium has been brought in, and
the aptness of the comparison now forcibly presents
itself, the individual bloom being in outline very like
that of a gigantic O. vexillarium, and the three upper
segments much resemble those of Odontoglossum vex-
illarium in colour and shape, although the lower half
of V. Sanderiana is made up of the two enlarged seg-
ments, instead of the large labellum, as in O. vexil-
larium. The Downside plant is a veritable monster,
composed of seven or eight full grown pieces in one
mass, and from these proceed three fine llower-spikes,
each from i foot to i foot 6 inches in length. The
largest spike has eleven flowers, the next has
eight, and the third has nine buds, and they
are arranged on the spike so that when fully
expanded they just touch each other. The flowers
are each 4 inches wide and 4J inches long, and still
exhibit a tendency to enlarge. The outline of the
flower is oval, and it is made up of oval segments, and
thus the true line of beauty is observed, and the
flowers rendered very pleasing to the eye. The three
upper segments are of a delicate pale rosy-lilac tint,
the two side ones beingtinged with yellow: and freckled
with crimson near the column. The two lower seg-
ments are each 2 inches across, the ground colour a
delicate fawn-tinted yellow, this is uniformly veined
over with a crimson- maroon network, which gradually
becomes finer towards the edge, leaving a clear mar-
gin of the yellowish ground, which is again bordered
by a narrow white line. The column and the base of
the labellum are greenish-yellow, and the lower half of
the lip is of a peculiar dull crimson, which harmonises
well with the rest of the flower. The whole of the
flower exhibits startling changes and combinations of
colour, yet Nature has so disposed and blended them
that a thing of surpassing beauty is produced. May
the run of ill-luck which has so persistently followed
the importing of it soon change, so that we may find
the plant more widely distributed than its rarity and
costliness at present admits of.
^^ L.T.LIA ELEGANS. — A grand mass of this
wonderful variety with pure white petals and white
labellum, having the lower half of a beautiful
velvety mauve, is now in flower at Downside. The
plant has over one hundred pseudobulbs, and is more
than 4 feet across. If the small bits of worse varie-
ties are worth the five or ten guineas we so often see
them fetch, what is this giant worth ?
Pelargonium Disease.— In a garden south-
east from London a disease has of late years appeared
among the bedding Pelargoniums which has hitherto
baflled all the attempts of the gardener to cure, and
which makes the growing of these plants almost an
impossibility, at least in so far as one particular bed
of them is concerned. The sort is rather a robust
one, not much grown for bedding purposes at the
present time, being the old Commander-in-Chief. The
disease makes its appearance at the ground level, the
s'.ems turning brown right through, while the roots
remain to outward show quite healthy up to, and for
a short time afterwards. Naturally with the decay or
cankering of the stem, the leaves turn ol a rusty-red
colour, fall off, and the whole plant dies. Change of
soil does not seem to make any diminution in the
virulence or in the number of plants attacked, for as
the summer advances the bed gets barer, till scarcely
any of the first occupants remain. The gardener has
been advised to get his cuttings for the next year's
stock from a distant source, where the disease is known
not to exist, and with the help of fresh soil he hopes
to have his bed gay again with the Commander. Is
the malady as here described known to any of the
readers of this journal, and is there any cure for it ?
MoRUS ALBA. — This plant does not seem to
be much in use as a hedge plant, and yet it is one of
the best for cold climates, being perfectly hardy in
higher latitudes than that of any part of this kingdom.
It is easily raised from seed, like Quick, is a fast
grower, somewhat spiny, bearing clipping or switch-
ing well, and is exceedingly stiff, so as to be able to
stand against stock after a few years. The plant is
not more particular as to soil than Whitethorn, and it
is certainly a plant that makes a secure hedge in a
shorter period of time. Nurserymen should try this
plant. It would be a good plant for down sheep
farms, where the benefits of stout and high hedge
shelter are well known and appreciated.
Some Pumpkins !— They can grow Pump-
kins in New Zealand ! A correspondent sends us a
note on one shown at the Hawkes Bay agricultural
show weighing 240 lb., and measuring 7 feet 2 inches
in diameter [? circumference].
Olearia Haastii.— As a plant that will
thrive and bloom well in London gardens Olearia
Haastii can be highly recommended. Some large
bushes of it in the gardens at the cottage in Kensington
Gardens have been literally smothered with white
bloom, so much so that no trace of foliage can be seen
in the upper parts of them. The plants have evi-
dently been in these beds for several years, as they now
show signs of being crowded by the adjacent ones. J
Pitcairnia alta. — This for the genus
rather tall growing plant is well worthy the attention
of those possessing a hothouse, the slender growing
flower-stalks beating aloft loose panicles of lovely
scarlet-coloured flowers, making it a very pretty and
graceful plant. It is also equally suitable as a spray
for the hair, or for a table bouquet. As seen at Mr.
Bull's, mixed up with his flowering Orchids, in the
show house, it relieved the flatness and stiffness that
would have been perceptible in parts in a very
pleasing manner. Several of these Pitcairnias are
deserving of more attention, as they are easily grown
in a winter temperature of 60° and of 75° in summer ;
and they afford, with the minimum of attention,
an abundant supply of scarlet tubular blooms that are
useful in many ways, and the foliage being persistent
and graceful the plants never show to a disadvantage.
A Large Cycad Cone. — A fruiting stro-
bilus of Macrozamia Denisoni ripened lately in the
botanic garden of Brisbane, from whence it was for-
warded by the Director, Mr. James Pink, to Baron
von Mueller. It measured 2 feet 2 inches in
length, and fully i foot in diameter. When fresh,
though externally dry, it weighed 40 lb. The number
of nuts, all well developed, was 260 ; the weight of
the largest about i\ ounce each, their greatest
length 7.1 inches ; the largest fruit-scales were 4 inches
broad, 2\ inches long, \'\ inch high. There is only
a rudimentary stalk to cones of M. Denisoni.
Plants fsr the Adornment of the
Dwelling are those valued by reason of their beauty
and fragrance of blossom or gracefulness in habit of
growth and ability to withstand for a considerable
time the bad eff'ects of the atmosphere in rooms and
corridors. They are a very large class, especially when
Kgard is had to those we use in the summer time
only ; but in the colder time of year the indoor decora-
tions consist mainly of bulbs— Lily of the Valley,
Spircea, Azaleas, &c., non-flowering plants being but
little grown, if we except Ferns and Crotons and
DracEenas, these latter being hardly admissible,
because of the brightness of their colouring, some-
thing is wanted which will serve as a counterfoil to the
flowering plants and the vases of cut blooms beyond
that which is furnished by the foliage of such plants
and vases. Such green-leaved plants should be suffi-
ciently hardy to withstand cold draughts, dry warmth,
dust, and fumes from gas. For such we must look to
the greenhouse, and not to the hothouse section of
plants. The Ficuses yield us F. australis, F. caucasica,
F. elastica ; Aralias several kinds, such as A. Sie-
boldi and A. S. variegata ; A. filicifolia, a handsome
plant with much divided feathery foliage ; and
Gastonia lyrata, with handsome hand-like foliage.
The common Lautustinus is useful when in flower,
and also for its foliage afterwards. Pittosporum
Tobira, P. T. variegata, P. undulata ; Casuarina aus-
tralis is a curious drooping evergreen that stands con-
finement very well ; Aspidistra lurida and the varie-
gated form of it must not be omitted, nor Astelia
Banksii, which can be used instead of DracKna indi-
visa, which it resembles, but is more gracefully pen-
dulous. Other plants may be named — Palms, such
as Chamaerops humilis, C. Fortunei, Phoenix dactyli-
fera, Ficus panduraeformis, F. imperialis, both noble
long-leaved kinds. We do not grow enough Myrtles
for indoor work, nor the Australian Myrtle, Eugenia
australis, which is handsomer than the common one
in foliage and flower, but is scentless. There is thi
to be said about the above selection— they are every-
body's plantf, cheap, easy to grow, and they may be
plunged in the open borders to grow, and recruit
themselves in the summer months.
Vegetation of the Coal Period.— This
formed the subject of Prof. Williamson's address to
the Geological Section of the British Association. In
it the learned Professor gave a general account of the
fossil plants found in the coal measures, from the
Peronosporites (figured in these columns by Mr.
Worthington Smith), and which is singularly like
the existing Potato fungus, to the gigantic Ferns,
Equiseta, and Lycopods which constituted the mass
of the forests of those periods. Prof. Williamson
was the first to indicate the existence of a secondary
zone of vascular tissue in the stems of some of
these plants such as does not exist in living representa-
tives of this family. Prof. Williamson indicated
briefly some of the more interesting Cycadeous and
Coniferous types, and concluded a very interesting
address by some remarks on the question of evolution.
Cryptogams and Gymnosperms, he said, made their ap-
pearance on the earth long prior to the appearance of
flowering plants. Of the genealogies of the Crypto-
gams and Gymnosperms, which doubtless were the
ancestors of existing forms of like character, nothing is
known. Again, while there is a general resemb-
lance in the more conspicuous forms of carboniferous
vegetation from the Arctic Circle to the extremitie
of the Southern Hemisphere, each locality has special
forms that flourished in it exclusively, or at least
abundantly, while rare elsewhere. Alluding to the
deficiencies in our knowledge and to the present ten-
dency in some quarters to frame imaginary genealogies
on very slender premises. Dr. Williamson con-
cludes :—" Meanwhile, though far from wishing to
check the construction of any legitimate hypothesis
calculated to aid scientific enquiry, I would remind
every too ambitious student that there is a haste that
retards rather than promotes progress ; that arouses
opposition rather than produces conviction ; and that
injures the cause of science by descrediting its
advocates."
The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Sept. 24, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London :— The weather during this week has
been generally cloudy or dull, and very unsettled,
with a good deal of rain in nearly all parts of the
kingdom. Temperature has been a little below the
mean in "Scotland, E.," but elsewhere it has
ranged from 1° to 3° above it. The maxima were
registered in most places during the first day of the
period, and varied from 62° in "Scotland, E.," and
67° in " Ireland, S.," to between 75° and 77° over the
greater part of England. The minima, which were
generally recorded on the 23d, ranged from 45° in
" England, S.W.," and " Ireland, S.," to 37» in the
" Midland Counties," and to 33° in " Scotland, E."
Rainfall has been about equal to the mean in
" England, E.," and rather less in " Scotland, E. ; "
but in all other districts a decided excess is reported.
Bright sunshine has been much less prevalent than
during last week in all districts, the percentages of
possible duration being as low as 14 in " England,
N.E.," 17 in " England, N.W.,"and between 18 and
31 elsewhere. Depressions observed. — Barometric
pressure in our islands and their neighbourhood has
oscillated considerably. At the commencement of
the period it was high and uniform, but by the 20th a
depression, which subsequently moved away north-
north-westwards, had reach the south-west ol Ireland
from the Atlantic, causing the barometer to fall
on all our coasts, and the wind to blow freshly
or strongly from the south-west or southward in the
south-west, and east or north-east in most other places.
On the 2 1st and 22d the gradients were less steep,
and the winds moderate or light ; but over England
some small subsidiary depressions were shown. On
the 23d a temporary ridge of high pressure stretched
over from France to the extreme north of Scotland,
while a depression lay over southern Scandinavia,
and comparatively low pressures were reported from
Ireland. At the close of the period the barometer
had again fallen at all our stations, some more sub-
sidiary disturbances had appeared over England, and
a large depression had appeared off our northern
coasts, the winds being generally fresh or strong from
the southward or south-westward.
Gardening Appointment. — Mr. H.
Symes, late Foreman at Bystock Gardens, as Head
Gardener to Lady ELLIOTT Drake, Nutwell Court,
Exeter, Devon.
404
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
[September 29, 1883.
THE LARGE FLOWERED
CATTLEYAS— II.
{^Concluded /rojn page 372.)
G, ^igas. — About this and its varieties many con-
flicting opinions have been expressed. As an un-
biassed observer I will also give my views. In the
first place Professor Reichenbach identifies the plant
with C. labiata Warscewiczii, but I do not think the
Professor gives an opinion on the matter, and he will,
I have no doubt, drop the objectionable " labiata " in
his own work, particularly as the plant in question
differs in every point, from the root to the tip of the
flower. If C. gigas be called a labiata nothing can
exclude C. Dowiana, and its variety C. aurea, from
the same category; they are all three very nearly
related, as shown by their flowers, and by the soft
texture of the plants, which differ in that respect very
widely from C. labiata, or, indeed, any of the other
Cattleyas. I can, however, after my own researches
in herbaria, easily understand botanists confounding
the one with the other, but I am sure that if they
once had a turn at importing the species mentioned
they would find another test ; they would see that
C. gigas and its varieties, and C. Dowiana and its
variety aurea, from the soft nature of their leaves and
bulbs, are the most difficult to import, while the hard
Brazilian C. labiata will stand any amount of knock-
ing about. C. gigas was originally imported from
Medellin in Antioquia, New Grenada, and while the
occasional plant which flowered made it eagerly
sought after, it soon got a reputation for being shy-
flowering (it being impossible to flower some of the
plants), a characteristic which the plants from this
locality always bore, and which was so evident that the
Medellin ground was all but abandoned by collectors.
C. gigas Burfordiensis. — A grand variety, which
flowered in Sir Trevor Lawrence's collection, and
was figured in the Florist and Pomologist last year. It
has immense purplish-rose flowers, with an intense
amethyst lip,
C. gigas imperialis. — I had thought this name
inadmissible, having lately seen two grand things
flower which seem like crosses between C. gigas
and C. aurea. To suppress it, however, I consider
would be an injustice to the veteran collector
Roezl, who discovered it fifteen years ago at Fron-
tino with some hundreds of miles of rocky country
and the River Canea between it and the Medellin
gigas. At all events, it points forcibly to the
fact that while wide difference of locality is no
indication of difference of species it never fails to
supply a wide difference in variety either in the differ-
ence of the flowers, the freeness or time of flowering,
or the tallness of growth. In this case nothing could
be more marked than the distinction between the
obduracy of the Medellin variety and the free-
ness to flower of Roezl's. Growing as it does,
too, in company with C. aurea, after what I have
already seen, I expect to see some which bear yet
more traces of relationship to C. aurea.
C gigas Sandcriana (fig. 62). — Although variable,
like all the other Cattleyas, this is the perfection
of the C. gigas section even so far as we have
yet seen it ; but when it comes to bear the six
to ten flowers on a spike as exhibited on some
of the imported bulbs, it will be yet more prized
than it is. It comes from near Bogota, which
lies even further to the east than Frontino does
to the west of the common C, gigas country, and
is separated from it by mountain ranges and the
River Magdalena. This variety is the freest flowering
of all ; I have seen many small bits with only two
bulbs throwing up flowers with the young growth.
At one time it was asserted by many that this plant
was nothing but the common C. gigas, but I think this
errorarose from comparing it with the C. gigas so-named
now in collections instead of with the original Medellin
variety. jBut very few of the common C. gigas have
got into collections of late years, the plants so-named
being for the greater part those which Mr. Butler
collected for Messrs. Backhouse, of York, who, I
believe, frequently sold them with Mr. Butler's
descriptions, but with the hint that they would pro-
bably be C. gigas. From these plants (some of which
were sold at Stevens' in 1876) being found in com-
pany with C. aurea, I conclude they are of precisely
the same strain as C. gigas imperialis, which is free-
flowering, and more like the C, gigas Sanderiana.
Adverse critics, therefore, have not calmly judged the
plant by comparison with the batch first named. It
was certificated at the last summer show of the Royal
Botanic Society. Among the many points which
render the C. gigas section distinct from the Brazilian
C. labiata, not the least pronounced is the manner in
which all the gigas section flower out of the young
growth.
C. regalis does not exist. The plant was only
once catalogued, I believe, and the name was either a
provisional one, which was never realised, or it was a
clerical error in writing C. regalis for C. imperialis, as
the plants of it which have flowered seem like Roezl's
variety.
C. Dowiana. — A lovely yellow Cattleya with
velvety crimson labellum. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.
got a grand importation of it from Costa Rica some
years ago, and many of those plants, and also of the
later importations, are getting at home with us, and
are flowering freely. Hundreds of them have bee»
killed by growing them in pots, which would have
thriven well if they had been grown in baskets, and
had been suspended near to the glass. C. Dowiana
flowers about August on the growth of the current
year, and it should be kept very moist from the time
the roots start from the young growth, all through the
flowering time (as at that time it has both flower and
growth to keep up) and until the latter is fully formed.
In November and December it should be sparingly
watered ; but at no time should the plant be allowed
to shrivel.
C. Dmviana aurea is a New Grenadan form of the
preceding. It is lighter in colour, and rather more
robust in habit than that variety ; as stout pieces of
it grow well when treated like its ally, C. gigas ; but
small pieces are only safely treated by being grown in
baskets, like C. Dowiana. The habit and manner of
flowering of these two last-named proclaim them near
of kin to C. gigas and very wide of C. labiata.
C. Mendelli, — This is one of our loveliest and most
distinct summer • flowering Cattleyas, and a great
favourite.
C. Trianis is also a well known old friend, and
perhaps the most variable of all Cattleyas.
C. PercivaJiana. — This variety was advanced as a
"labiata," but it is neither like C. labiata nor C.
Mossise, as it was certainly new to collections ; and
as a good variety of it is a lovely thing it will always
hold its place, simply bearing the name of the genial
Birkdale Orchidist.
C. Gaskelliana is a most puzzling plant : sometimes
one fancies one sees in it C. labiata, then it appears
like C. Mendelii, again it has the mauve-veined ^hroat
only to be found in C. speciosissima, and always with
a delightful odour. It was stated to be winter-flower-
ing, but it appears to be perpetual blooming, as it was
first flowered by Hugh J. Scott, Esq., of Belfast, in
October last, and it has never been out of bloom in
one collection or another since, although the quan-
tity in bud at present seems to say that its proper
time is early winter. Viewed from all points it is a
very acceptable plant,
C. Eldorado, and its white variety, C, Wallisii,
from a marked structural difference, I suppose, will
not be called a labiata. It is a beautiful variety, with
a delightful odour, and now that it is common it is
not thought to be difficult to grow,
C, Warscewiczii (of English gardens). — This plant,
if not quite lost, is yet very rare. It is not the C.
Trianje, although it has somewhat the appearance of
it ; but it does not flower at the same time of year.
Old growers will know the plant I mean — it always
flowered in early winter. When C. Triana came
Warscewiczii gradually got lost sight of, and Trianse
had to do duty for it, a pale variety of C. Trian»
being named C. Warscewiczii delicata. I venture to
say that no plant of any form of C. gigas was ever
grown in this country as C, labiata Warscewiczii,
and we hope to be spared the unmeaning repetition
of C. labiata for widely dissimilar plants. We are
anxious for reliable literature on the subject of Orchid
names, but we wish, whoever gives it to us, to be
consistent and to select well marked and unchangeable
plants as species [Suppose they are not to be found ?
Ed.], and to class the changeable ones under them,
or to follow the course which has been pursued
on so large a scale in Odontoglossums, and give each
variety a distinguishing name without reference to the
species. The one course or the other should be
adopted — the two sannot be mixed with any show of
reason, J, O, B.
FRUIT TREES IN THE LONDON
NURSERIES.
Messrs. Veitch's fruit tree nursery at Fulham,
one of the very few of so large an area so near to,
or, one may say, in London— is just at the present
moment deserving of a visit, if for no other purpose
than to see with what precocity Apples of all
kinds bear that grow .on the Paradise stock.
The trees not only bear prodigiously, little mites
as they are, of 3 or 4 feet high, but are won-
derful examples of vigour and health. Many are
so loaded with fruit that the branches lie prone to
earth, although one sees here and there some kinds
tenderly supported, which are, doubtless, meant for
the show at Chiswick. Some sorts quite light up
the large breadth with crimson or gold— the Cellini
notably, and Worcester Pearmain, this latter sort
being not only handsome in shape and high in colour,
but also one of the best early autumn kinds for the
dessert, as the Cellini is for the kitchen.
The Apple in its many varieties takes kindly to the
dwarfing stock, and it is therefore no matter for sur-
prise that so many thousands are annually disposed
of. Coming into bearing frequently the first year
after planting, and continuing to bear well on
this stock for fifteen or twenty years, it is just
the thing for a man to plant who wishes to eat his
fruit while the sense of taste is left him. These dwarf
trees, that one may grow on fences, walls, or as
cordons in any way fancied, or as bush or column,
are of just the height to escape the ravages of wind,
which almost every year spoils the gardener's hopes,
when he has to rely on the tall orchard trees to fill
the Apple-room. It cannot be repeated too often,
that on ground unfavourable to Apple growth, on
hungry sandy soil, or where water is not far from
the surface— the dwarf Apple can be grown, and
will produce good crops. A little fresh loam,
annual manuring of the surface, and transplanting
when the vigour of the bush is not in accord with
its bearing abilities— and always planting on slightly
raised mounds— these are the secrets of successful
Apple culture on bad soils. On better ones the
cares of the grower are fewer— there his chief foe is
too much wood, which must be corrected by trans-
planting biennially, or less often, as the case may
require. Pears are very much grown here on Quince
stocks ; at least many sorts are, although, as most
gardeners know, there are some kinds that do not
favour that stock, and cannot be got to grow on it
without working some congenial sort on it before-
hand. The Pear on the Quince, in the open ground,
is as prolific as the Apple after a very few years ; but
its precocity is not so noticeable in a nursery, excepting
under pot culture, or annual transplanting.
The other fruits at this nursery are excellent.
The trade in Figs seems to be an ever-increasing
one. Here many hundreds are sold yearly, but of
only a few kinds. These are Brown 'Turkey, Negro
Largo, and White Marseilles, the stock of which is
grown chiefly in pots of a large size, so that they are
equally good for forcing without repotting or for plant-
ing out. The Fig is also grown as a fan espalier in
the open, and capital specimens were seen in a warm
nook by a tall fence.
Perhaps one of the prettiest sights in the place is a
very long span-house filled with Nectarines and
Peaches in pots, for fruiting under glass as pot plants.
Combining all the best and most approved kinds,
they are pictures of health and symmetry, giving one
the idea also of great fruitfulness. With these, as
with the entire stock out-of-doors, the manager, Mr,
Morle, is very successful.
Bush Apple Trees. — The fine collection of
Apples grown at Ealing Dean by Mr. George Cannon,
the manager of Messrs. Charles Lee & Son's nursery,
consisting of some 250 varieties, may now be seen to
great advantage, especially in the case of bush
trees. It is the practice of some writers to decry
these, but they are undoubtedly most useful in the
fruit garden ; and if a line were planted along a
mixed border, they would have two periods of deco-
rative usefulness — when in flower in spring, and when
in fruit in late summer and winter. There are two
large plantations of these trees about six years old ;
one lot worked on the English Paradise, the other on
the French Paradise. In regard to cropping, and to
September 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
405
the size of the fruit, there is little to choose between
the two slocks ; but the growth is rather freer on the
French than on the English Paradise. For small
gardens trees on the English Paradise are to be pre-
ferred, for larger gardens those on the French Para-
dise. It is interesting to note how large a quantity
of Apples can be gathered from a few of these bush
trees ; many are only 3^ feet in height, others 4 to 5
feet, and some a little taller. The fruiting of
the standard trees is as noticeable as in the case of
the bush trees. The standards are mainly on the
Crab stock, at any rate all free growers are worked on
this stock. The soil at Ealing is eminently adapted
for fruit trees ; it is a stiff loam that has been well
worked. The trees growing in it put forth plenty of
fibrous roots, and they always move well from it into
other soils. Judging from the appearance of these
trees, it would appear that freedom in bearing corrects
a tendency to growth ; and in any case there appears
to be a rare promise of fruit-buds for another season.
gardens, as every bit of soil the roots of Vines
occupy has to be brought in, the natural soil of the
garden not answering for them at all. After the
first year's early forcing shading is used in the
middle of summer to keep them from breaking too
soon. One house is altogether filled with Duke of
Buccleuch, stout young Vines in good bearing con-
FRUIT NOTES.
Court Pendu-Plat. — An "Amateur" sends
a fruit of this for naming. It is an excellent late
sort, and, moreover, it blooms late, and thus escapes
injury from late frosts. It often comes larger than
the specimen sent. It is a good Apple for the ama-
teur with only small space at command. (Fig. 63).
The form is very characteristic, and the colour yellow
streaked with deep reddish-brown.
Beurr£ Bosc. — This Pear is also well adapted
for amateurs, as it is a safe cropper in most seasons ;
but like most other things pays for cultivation. Out
illustration (fig. 64) shows the general outline. The
general colour is a rich cinnamon-brown. The elongate
form, long stalk, and long fruit-stalk are characteristic.
Notes from Trentham : Grapes, &c. — The
late-keeping Grapes that within comparatively recent
years have been brought more generally under
notice, have done much to assist those who have
to provide this fruit all the year round, for
although some object to them on account of their
thick skins, hard flesh, and, in some varieties,
deficient flavour, still they fill what would be a wide
gap that in most places would otherwise occur in the
winter and early spring. But at Trentham Grapes
are forthcoming all the year round, without the help
of the late-keeping sorts. So far as the requirements
of the family go nothing but Black Hamburgh, Buck-
land Sweetwater, Duke of Buccleuch, Madresfield
Court, and Muscats are cared for ; and with these
kinds Mr. Stevens has now for some time kept up an
unbroken succession. I remember some one who
had seen these early Trentham Grapes remarking that
" Whatever their merits as new fruit were, they
showed just a little too much, as they no doubt were
the result of Vines that had started before they were
wanted ; " yet such was not the case, as a house is now
each year started the beginning of September, so as to
have the fruit ripe in February. Calling at Trentham
on September i, in a division of one of the long
narrow houses the buds were far advanced and would
soon burst. But those who have had much to do
with Grape forcing know that this kind of early work
will not last long mth the same Vines, through the
disposition they have to start again early in the sum-
mer, ripening such fruit as they bear long Before it is
wanted. On this account this very early forcing could
not be continued except where there were enough
houses devoted to Grape culture to admit of frequent
renewal in some form, either by pulling out those that
have been worked in this way and replanting, or by
cutting them down and bringing up new canes, carry-
ing on the forcing with others that in their turn are to
be treated in the same way. This is Mr. Stevens'
practice. If the Vines, after two years bearing a winter
crop are right at the roots, theyare headed down during
the spring and young canes taken up ; these get strong
through the summer, and with the help of fire-heat it
takes them until late in the autumn to get the wood
ripened. The following spring they are allowed to
start without artificial aid. A house treated in this
way two years ago has borne a fine crop this summer,
the remains of which, in large, well-finished bunches,
were still hanging. If not in condition worth keep-
ing, the Vines are rooted out, a new border made,
and young ones planted. This frequent renewal is
more suited to a place like Trentham than some
Fig. 63, — APPLE COURT PENDU-PLAT.
dition. The crop was all cleared, but I was in-
formed it had been satisfactory in every way. This
Grape is an especial favourite with the family —
so much so that one of the big lean-to houses
was this season filled with it. Strong pot Vines
were planted early in spring. These were side-grafted
just above the soil with the Duke, and have done
Fig. 64.— beurrB bosc pear.
unusually well, nearly the whole having long since
reached the top of the rafters, and are proportionately
strong. Of Madresfield Court, a house filled with
this grand Grape alone is forced so as to ripen in
May, and cracking is unknown. Several houses of
Black Hamburgh, to keep up a supply until the new
Grapes are in, were ripe, or about finishing, collec-
tively bearing good crops of handsome bunches as
black as coal, a condition in which, it is needless to
say, they require to be to make them presentable in
the new year. The principal Muscat-house is about
to have the border re-made, the roots not being in
good condition, which has resulted in a good deal of
shanking. In the Cherry-house the trees have now a
strange appearance, the plump flower-buds just
beginning to burst the scales that enclose them,
with the leaves still quite green, showing the dis-
position to start early, which long forcing had
brought them into. In passing through this house
I remarked that Cherries always had been done
well at Trentham. Pointing to the pipes Mr. Stevens
replied, " Yes ; and the secret lies there : there are
not pipes enough in the house to make it hot enough
to lose the crop. The house is started early in
December, and in severe weather, when in bloom, the
thermometer has been down within a shade of the
freezing-point without any mischief following."
Plums.— Amongst the different sorts of Plums which
the long house contains the Transparent Gage is
best liked for quality, and Victoria for general useful-
ness. Peaches, Nectarines, and Apples. — In the very
large extent of glass devoted to Peaches and Nec-
tarines Lord Napier Nectarine is represented by
dozens of beautiful healthy trees, being liked better
than any other. In the long house of 600 feet, the
back wall of which is mostly filled with Peaches and
Nectarines standing along the front, there is a row of
Calville Apples in pots bearing a uniformly even crop.
This Apple is a favourite here, and thus managed
gives a long supply. Bananas. — In the Banana-bouse
most of the plants are bearing fine clusters of fruit in
various stages. T, B.
Brown Turkey Fig at Penrhyn Castle. — On
going through these large well-kept gardens lately,
I was delighted to see such a grand Fig tree growing
on a south-west aspect, covering a distance of 20 yards
in length and a wall 14 feet high literally crowded with
magnificent and well-formed fruit, and in various
stages of ripening. Such a grand crop of outside Figs
it never has been my lot to behold. But there is a
secret attending the success which has been attained,
and it may not be out of place to describe that for the
benefit of others. That is, a wide trench was cut up
to the centre of the tree, and all the old soil com-
pletely removed, this was found to be as hard and
dry as bones, and impermeabte to water. But when
the new soil was added, and all the roots that could
be obtained laid out carefully, it was found to be
the one thing needful to ensure success. Mr. Speed,
the talented gardener, told me for years the same
tree used to promise a superb crop, but when they
reached near the stage of maturity they would go
rotten at the fruit, which was no doubt owing to the
lack of moisture needed for maturity. But another
plan Mr. Speed finds to answer well, and that is,
not to overcrowd the wood, but to leave 6 and
8 inches between each bearing shoot, so as to allow
the sun and air action to attain ripening properly.
The extension system is also practised here, which
seems in the right direction towards success, and
many would not credit the existence of such a crop of
fine flavoured Figs unless they saw them, but when
seen it would be envied by many who have a Fig-
house at their command. At the time of my visit it
was worth going a hundred miles to see. f . Clarke,
late of Brynkinalt,
Peach Tree Planting. — I got an ordinary sized
Peach tree. Princess of Wales, from the (nursery two
years ago next November, for planting on a south
wall, open. I had a place prepared for it, throwing
out the ordinary soil at the bottom. I had tiles placed
as on the roof of a building, lapping over each other, to
prevent the roots from getting through ; the roots of
the tree were spread out on the tiles, and instead of
putting back the soil that was taken out, loam
taken from a Melon frame that had grown a
crop of Melons was used instead, care being
taken not to have any dung with the loam.
After filling-in it was well trodden, and then
mulched with good rotten dung, and the whole
well watered. The following spring, instead of cutting
back I had the shoots left the entire length: a vigorous
growth took place, and I was careful to have shoots
taken from the base of all leading branches. The tree
made thoroughly good wood, which ripened well. This
spring it flowered very profusely, and set a heavy crop;
the number of fruit were reduced to thirty, when they
were the size of Cob-nuts. I believe in early thinning.
This number finished off well. I send you a fruit for
your inspection. I call the fruit up to exhibition size.
4o6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883.
No cutting-back has been resorted to, only disbudding.
I need scarcely say the tree made a thoroughly good
growth each year, including the one at the nursery ;
no insects troubled it. The tree was kept well
watered during dry weather, and standing on a sound
and warm bottom water could be given freely. I
believe this practice is a little out of the ordinary kind,
but it seems to answer well. It might set some think-
ing, and good may come out of it. This tree is cover-
ing a space on a wall 8 feet by 6 feet. Robeit Smith,
Kenward Gardens, Yalding.
Moving a Pear Tree. — I had occasion to move
a Marie Louise Pear tree from a north to a south wall
two years ago next November. The tree was about
twelve years old, and about iS feet long, with ten
tiers of branches, and very healthy, but all the fruit
became cracked and blistered every year ; not a sound
fruit was taken from the tree. It was removed without
any preparation. I found the roots very healthy, but
long and bare, with no fibres whatever. We carefully
removed the tree to the south site, the place having
been prepared before the tree was got out. The
roots were carefully pruned and planted on tiles lapped
over each other, as on a building. Instead of filling in
with the soil taken out, I used loam from a Melon bed,
care being taken not to have any dung with it. After
filling in it was well trodden, and then mulched with
well rotted dung and watered. The work was carried
out thoroughly well, under my supervision. The fol-
lowing year the tree made no growth at all at the top,
but the bark kept very bright, and the roots and top
were watered when I thought necessary. Last spring
I had nearly half the bloom-buds removed. The
tree set a grand crop. I allowed twenty dozen to
swell off, which were a grand sight ten days ago,
just before it was gathered. Every fruit was perfect,
and free from spot or blemish. I send you a few fruits,
I gathered as good fruits from this tree as I did from a
tree with only a few fruits on it, also on a south wall.
I mention this to show that a heavy crop can be taken
with'.full sized fruit providing the tree is not overloaded,
and the tree or trees are healthy and well cared for.
I much prefer preparing large Pear trees two years
before moving Ihem, cutting all the large roots, leav-
ing only the small ones uncut till the second year, or
the time for moving the tree. I find it a good plan to
fill in after the operation on the roots with a sandy or
light soil. All fresh soil is much preferable to that
which is taken out in the operation, at least this is my
experience. It gives encouragement to the young
fibrous roots when they start into growth. Care should
be taken in filling in that it should be well
trodden, and the surface mulched and thoroughly
watered, to wash the fine soil down amongst the roots.
The person in charge of such operations should take
an interest in such work, as success depends on how
the work is done. Robert Smith, Kenivard Gardens,
Yalding. [The specimen of the fruit from the above-
mentioned tree, kindly sent by our correspondent for
inspection, fully bears out his remarks, the fruit being
very fine samples, without blemish, and each weighing
on an average 7 oz. Ed.]
NOTES ON IRISES.
{Concluded from p. 374.)
Hybrids of I. balkana with I. cengialti. —
In support of Dean Herbert's view, I may call atten-
tion to a hybridisation which I think I have carried
out between two Irises much further apart from each
other than the two discussed above.
I. balkana is a dwarf Iris from the Balkan moun-
tains, introduced and named by Janka. It belongs
to the pumila group ; the short scape bears one,
rarely two, somewhat large and handsome purplish-
brown flowers marked with very bold veins.
I. cengialti is a curious Iris from Mount Cengialto
in the Tyrol. It may briefly be described as a very
dwarf pallida, with a branching scape hardly more
han a foot high, and small pleasing sky-blue flowers.
In general aspect at first sight it seems an absolutely
different plant from I. pallida, and yet when you come
to examine into its special features, it becomes very
difficult to establish any satisfactory difference, and
Mr. Baker regards it as a mere variety of I. pallida.
I may here remark that there exists a series of low-
growing Irises, almost exactly the dwarf reproductions
of the commoner taller species. Just as this X.
cengialti may be regarded as a dwarf I. pallida, so
also is there a dwarf I. variegata, a dwarf I. neglecta,
a dwarf I. amcena, and probably others. Whatever be
the view taken of the exact nature of this I. cengialti,
whether it be regarded as a definite species or a mere
variety of I. pallida, it undoubtedly belongs to the
division of Irises with a branching scape, and thus
differs widely from I. balkana, with its one, or at
most two, flowers on a stem.
In the spring of 18S0 I placed the pollen of I.
cengialti on the stigmas of a flower of I. balkana,
the anthers of which I had previously removed, with
the result that the ovary began to swell. I have
not had sufficient experience with I. balkana to know
if it seeds freely ; but I have seen enough of I cen-
gialti to be aware that its pollen, like that of I. pallida,
has considerable potency. I took care that no pollen
either of the same or of any other flower of I. balkana
touched the stigma of the flower operated on. If the
swelling of the ovary was not due to the cengialti-
pollen it must have been due (parthenogenesis being
excluded) to pollen of some other Iris brought by
insects. This, as I have already urged, is unlikely ;
and the sequel, I think, shows that in this case also
a cross was really effected.
While the pod thus fertilised, though well swollen,
was still green and unripe, my gardener snicked the
scape with his scythe, and soon after a friend broke
the pod off altogether. Hardly hoping to be success-
ful, I placed the pod in the greenhouse, with the
broken end of the scape plunged in damp cocoa-fibre
refuse. Happily the pod ripened and gave me seven-
teen fairly good seeds, which were sown at once. In
the spring of 1881 two seeds germinated, but the
seedlings soon damped off. In 18S2 fifteen seedlings
appeared and flourished ; of these fourteen flowered
this spring and summer, the remaining .one being
sickly.
In foliage these seedlings differ a good deal from
each other, but, on the whole, are intermediate
between the two parents. The leaves of I. cengialti
are short, comparatively broad, straight, and yellow-
ish-green ; those of I. balkana are narrow, very
pointed, markedly curved, and falcate, and their
green has a more decided mixture of blue. The
leaves of the seedlings are in some plants straight, in
some falcate, in most cases broader than I. balkana,
but narrower than I. cengialti ; and though the
greater number are of a yellowish-green colour, some
are more distinctly blue-green than is I. cengialti.
As regards the inflorescence and flowers, since, as
I believe, a real hybridisation was effected, perhaps I
may be allowed to speak in detail, on account of the
interest naturally attaching to the characters of hybrids
as compared with those of their parents.
Whereas I. balkana bears a single terminal flower,
very rarely two (so Janka), in eleven of the seedlings,
besides the terminal flower, a lateral flower, on a short
peduncle, sprang from a spathaceous bract about half
way up the scape. In two plants (Nos. 4 and 9) there
were two such lateral flowers, each pedunculated, and
each springing from its own bract. In one plant (No.
10) each stem (and there were several on the same
plant) was regularly branched, after the fashion of I.
cengialti, and bore in all five flowers ; in fact the
plant was, for an Iris, extremely floriferous.
As regards colour, three plants only (Nos. 2, 3, 12)
were blue or purple, the colour being not exactly like
either parent, the conspicuous brown veining of I.
balkana being absent, while the light sky-blueof I. cen-
gialti was not taken on. In texture the segments were
rather delicate, like those of I. cengialti, and not stout
and firm like I. balkana. In one case (No. 10) the
flowers were small, of a pleasing creamy-yellow, with a
very bright orange beard. In one case (No. 8) the
flowers were large and white, the lamina of the falls and
standards being largely spotted and streaked with
purple. In the remaining nine plants the flowers were
white, with a somewhat conspicuous blue or purple
veining, which gave the petals a sort of slatey hue, the
colour of the beard varying from bright orange to dull
yellow.
It may seem surprising that eleven out of the four-
teen plants should be entirely, or almost entirely free
from the blue colour which is so conspicuous a feature
of both supposed parents. Nor would I venture to
insist on this being a token of hybridisation having
been effected, since for all I know natural seedlings of
I. balkana might sport white or yellow as do seedlings
of I. chamreiris, I. olbiensis, &c ; but I do venture to
insist on the beards of the seedlings as affording direct
proof o( mixed blood. The beard of I. balkana is
white and blue, while that of I. cengialti (and in this
it shows its pallida affinities) is orange. I take it that
the possession by these white-flowered seedlings of an
orange or yellow beard clearly shows the influence of
the cengialti pollen.
One marked feature of I. balkana may be noted in
the somewhat inflated, pointed and markedly keeled
persistent spathe valves, while I. cengialti betrays
most distinctly its pallida affinities in its delicate
spathe valves early becoming scarious and silvery
white. Now, of these seedlings the spathe valves were,
in one case, most distinctly scarious like I. cengialti, in
four cases somewhat scarious, and in six slightly
scarious, that in three cases only could they be
spoken of as thoroughly persistent like those of the
parent I. balkana.
Taking these facts, and others with which I need not
weary the reader, into consideration, there is I think
ample evidence that I have really crossed the two
above mentioned forms, that is to say that I have
brought into union a member of the pumila group and
a member of the pallida group — two groups of Iris
separated by a long interval from^each other ; and have
thus made a step towards verifying the speculations
of Dean Herbert.
I may add that these hybrids are not sterile. It is
true that they have not spontaneously produced seed,
but I have attempted to fertilise them with another
(and very different) Iris, and have obtained several pods
with some apparently good well-formed seed. Of
these, if I live and all goes well, I may have some-
thing to say in some future year.
5. On a Proliferous Iris. — As far as my
experience and knowledge goes the following oc-
currence in an Iris is new and worth recording.
The first of the hybrids between I. balkana and
I. cengialti just described was grown in a pot
and wintered in a greenhouse. It accordingly
flowered early, and some time in May or June a
second scape with a terminal flower and a lateral
bract appeared. I cut off the terminal flower, and
some time after was surprised to find that though
no second flower appeared at the lateral bract the
scape did not wither, but remained green. Early in
August I noticed that the bract appeared swollen at
its base, and, moreover, was splitting. On examina-
tion I found that the bud in the axil of the bract,
instead of growing up into a flower, had become
transformed into a bulb, and had already formed a tiny
rhizome, from which a commencing root was already
pushing. I cut off the stem below the node and
planted it in a pot, so that the tiny root had access
to the soil. So far it seems doing very well, and I
shall watch its growth into a plant with great interest.
The formation of bulbs in the axils of the leaves
and branches of branching bulbous Iridaceous plants,
such as Freesia, Sparaxis, &c., is very common. [We
have seen the same thing at Marica. Ed.] None
of the bulbous Irises (Xiphion) have branching
stems, or perhaps we might see a similar occurrence
in them. Its repetition in a rhizomatous Iris is rather
curious, and I perhaps may claim this physiological
freak as an additional proof of these seedlings being
real hybrids. M. Foster, Shelford, Aug., 1883.
Old and New Roses (Continued from p. 375). —
The attention of hybridisers is now directed towards
crossing varieties of Tea with hybrid perpetual
Roses, and new sorts of great value may confidently
be expected from the efforts which are being made in
this line. To obtain a variety which shall, in a large
degree, combine the hardiness of La Reine or Jacque-
minot, with the fragrance and free-blooming qualities
of Madatnf Bravy or Bon Silene, is surely worth
striving for.
This leads us to a consideration of the Roses of the
future, what they may be, and what they should be.
Roses of the past have been the product of Nature
unaided by the hand of man. Roses of the present also
chiefly come from sowing the seeds of varieties which
have not been crossed, except as the crossing has been
a matter of chance by natural agencies. In some in-
stances efforts at artificial hybridisation have been
recorded that have given successful results. Roses of
the future may and should come principally as the
result of artifical fecundation and hybridisation.
■ There has been so much carelessness, not to say
ignorance, with regard to [observing and recording] the
parentage of the various varieties of Roses, that I do
not think it would be possible to name fifty kinds and
give the parentage on both sides. For the past twenty-
five [years Nature has been so lavish in producing
variations of great beauty, that those who have raised
new Roses have been content to gather the heps and
sow the seed, depending on natural crosses to produce
new and desirable kinds. Not only have they thus
September 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
407
entirely relied on Nature to accomplish what they
wished ; they have not even taken the pains, except in
a few instances, to separate the seed of one variety
from that of another, but have sowed them all pro-
miscuously. To trace the peculiarities of each variety,
learning just what influence each parent had in forming
the qualities of the offspring, would be an interesting
and profitable study. I hold it as an axiom, that, in the
progeny of any Rose which has been crossed with
another, the influence of both parents can be distinctly
traced.
Artificial crossing and hybridisation of Uoses is
generally performed by removing with fine scissors
the stamens of the flowers to be operated on, and
then shaking over it the flower of that which contains
the pollen to be used, or by gently dusting it on with
a camel's-hair brush. In this manner it is supposed that
the characteristics of each sort will be given in about
equal measure to the progeny. It is not uncommon
to cross varieties without removing the stamens, in
which case the influence of the female parent is be-
lieved to preponderate ; but neither of these methods
has been accurately proved as to the results. An inter-
esting question which arises in connection with the
subject of artificial fertilisation is, how far removed
from each other, in the habit of growth and in other
pecularities, may be the varieties which are to be used
as parents, without preventing a successful crossing of
the two ?
In crossing Roses we are most certain to attain
satisfactory results by blending seed-bearing varieties
which have several characteristic features in common ;
thus, varieties of the same type will nearly always
effect good crosses, as General Jacqueminot with
Xavier Olibo, Madame Victor Verdier with E. Y.
Teas ; but, on account of a certain resemblance which
must prevail among the kinds of one type, we are less
likely to obtain new sorts of any marked individuality
than would result from hybridising varieties of one
group by those of another not too widely separated
group ; in other words we should avoid the extremes
of crossing varieties too much alike, and of hydridising
one kind by another so widely removed in cha-
racteristics that a successful, healthy progeny cannot
result. Here is a vast field, still largely unexplored,
in which to study and experiment. This is not a
matter to be confined to scientists ; all who truly love
Roses, all that have some knowledge of their in-
dividual peculiarities, may engage in this fascinating
pursuit with probabilities of success.
A common error committed by the beginner is in
attempting to grow varieties that are of delicate
habit and feeble constitution. Attracted by the great
beauty or fragrance of a flower, he does not consider,
or does not understand, that vigour of growth, per-
petuity of bloom, and perfect hardiness, are very
seldom combined with the qualities which have
allured him.
A pleasing departure from the usual method of
growing Roses is found in the pegging-down system.
Grown in this way, the long shoots are carefully bent
down and fastened to the ground by means of hooked
sticks or pegs. Flower-buds will then push out all
along the shoots, and a correspondingly large number
of blooms be obtained. True, the individual flowers
are apt to be of somewhat inferior quality to those
produced in the ordinary way, but a mass of colour
not otherwise obtainable can thus be had. I do not
advocate this system to the exclusion of the one com-
monly pursued, but its occasional or alternate use is
certainly capable of yielding most satisfactory results.
Besides planting Roses in beds, it is well to scatter
them through the borders of our gardens, giving the
favoured positions to the more delicate kinds. Among
the best varieties which yet require some extra care are
Eugene Verdier — the most beautiful of the Victor Ver-
dier type — a Rose of very delicate colouring, silvery-
pink, tinged with salmon; and Charles Lefebvre, which
is beautiful in both flower and leaf, the colour of
General Jacqueminot deepened by a shade of satiny
purple.
Among the Rosesnotsufficiently well known are Mar-
guerite de St. Amand, a deep pink sort, which gives
beautiful buds as well as fine flowers, and blossoms
through the summer and autumn months ; Baroness
Rothschild, a blush-pink, with exquisite cup-shaped
flowers freely produced ; Fran9ois Michelon, a striking
variety, intermediate in character between its parent
La Reine and General Jacqueminot, thus uniting two
rival dynasties. It has large, deep rose-coloured
flowers, veined with lilac, and is of splendid globular
forin. It blooms late, the flowers not developing
until most others of the same class are past their
prime. Eliza Boelle is, perhaps, the best white Rose
that we have. It blooms profusely all through the
summer months ; the flowers are full, of the most
perfect globular form, the centre generally tinged with
blush. It is not possible to imagine a flower of greater
beauty. The best of the Moss Roses are Gracilis,
common and crested. Not the least of the qualities
we desire in a Rose is fragrance. In this regard, all
varieties of all classes must do homage to La France,
the sweetest of fragrant Roses. To be sure it is rather
tender, but it is easily protected so as to winter safely.
It does not always open well, but it is a simple matter
to assist it, an operation not practicable with most
varieties that open imperfectly. If the buds of La
France show a tendency to remain closed, by gently
pressing the point of the bloom with the fingers, and
then blowing into the centre, the flower will almost
invariably expand, and the pent-up fragrance escape.
Not enough attention is given to the Bourbon and
Tea Roses. The hybrid perpetuals justly claim first
attention when they are in perfection ; but after the
first blossoming is over, throughout fuly, August, and
September, they are much less attractive than many
of the monthly Roses. Varieties like Bougtre, Homer,
Madame de Vatry, and Marie Van Houtte, will give a
continuous supply of flowers when the so-called hardy
Roses are almost or altogether out of bloom. How
faithfully the various varieties of Tea Roses reproduce
the beautiful tints often painted in the sky at sunset
and at sunrise ! The many shades of rose, pink, lilac,
white, salmon, yellow, &c., are found in both alike,
and it would often puzzle us to decide whether the
most beautiful combinations of these delicate shades
are found in the illuminated clouds or in the petals
of these Roses. Tea Roses are rather tender, but in
truth they have, in this respect, been somewhat
maligned.
Those sorts named above are, in reality, but little
more tender than La France, the hybrid Noisettes,
and all the Victor Verdier race of hybrid perpetuals.
If earth be hilled up about the plants, and a slight
covering of those materials,' like branches of ever-
greens, be applied, the more robust sorts of monthly
Roses will winter in safety. In giving protection
care must be taken not to smother the plants by
entirely excluding the air. This never occurs from
the use of evergreen branches, but if straw or litter
be taken, sticks or boards should be used to prevent
the material matting together. This is one of the
cases where it is possible to kill by mistaken kindness.
JiojVlE f!0RRE3P0JND£J^CE.
The Chiswick Apple Show. — No doubt the
term "congress," as applied to the proposed show of
Apples, is quite inappropriate, because the mere
commonplace term "exhibition" would have been so
much more correct and expressive. Had the promo-
ters have made proposals to hold a bonA fide conference
of Apple cultivators, as you advocate, and have used
the gathering for the purpose of eliciting valuable
information, and the free expression of opinion
publicly of those who are well qualified to give it, on
matters of so much importance as the best methods of
Apple culture, the best kinds to cultivate in diverse
localities, and, not least, how far Apple culture may
be made a matter of profit — then some pretension to
the appellation of conference or congress would
have been made, and no doubt readily responded to.
The chief work indicated seems to be that of correct-
ing nomenclature, and to that end the show should
prove very useful, but it will be materially hindered if
the various collections sent are kept in collections as
sent, the sorts higgledy-piggledy, and without any
kind of systematic arrangement, as is usually the case.
If growers who send fruits would permit the promo-
ters to deal as they like with them, and arrange every
sort alphabetically, each dish being labelled with its
name, that of the grower, place where grown, and, not
least, whether grown on Paradise or free stock,
much useful information would be obtained, and, the
seeker after correct nomenclature might find his correc-
tions with ease. No doubt all our large growers, and
trade growers especially, will desire to keep
their collections intact, and, further, there will probably
be some little natural anxiety on the part of each one
to make the best display. These might do some
good were they to arrange their various collections
either alphabetically — the kitchen kinds together and
the dessert kinds together — or else in sections of Cod-
lins. Pippins, Pearmains and other types. It seems
very probable that collections of this kind only will
suffice to fill the conservatory. Some of them will be
so large, but 'good service to nomenclature might be
done were all these large growers to place in the hands
of the committee, provided space can be found, dupli-
cate samples of their varieties, and these not of the
largest, for it is not always the biggest samples, but
rather those of medium size that run most true to
character, and, therefore, are the most useful to
furnish seekers after correct names with the guide they
require. Except Mr. Dancer there is not in the list
the name of a single market grower in Middlesex.
Still farther, the Covent Garden people have been
entirely overlooked, whilst the evidence of such men
as Mr. Skinner, Mr. Webber, Mr. Monro, or many
others would have been invaluable on the subject
of growing Apples for profit. Apple Pip. [We most
earnestly hope that arrangements as to classification
will be made in the spirit of our recent article,
else the opportunity will be wasted. We are glad to
learn that a report will ultimately be issued. El>.]
I have read with much interest the circular
in your columns announcing this most desirable event.
lOvery confidence will justly be reposed in the strong
committee appointed. I, however, as one of those
who will gladly send samples of fruit, venture to sub-
mit that the time for holding the congress is too early,
and that the proposed continuance of the congress is
too short. I. Will there from this day (September
22) to October 4 be time enough to gather, arrange,
and pack the samples to be sent ? In this neigh-
bourhood (and I think we are not later than many
others) winter Apples are seldom gathered before old
Michaelmas Day (October 11), and often later. I
therefore respectfully submit that the congress should
not open before "St. Luke's little summer," October
18. 2. Autumn Apples, winter Apples, spring
Apples, are all, no doubt, true Apples, but surely it
would be as reasonable to judge a chicken before it
is hatched as to judge of the merits of a December
Apple in October — to say nothing of fruit which does
not mature till January, February, or even later. I sub-
mit, therefore, with due deference, that the congress
should hold at least three sessions : the first, as I have
suggested, to adjudicate upon summer and autumn
fruit ; the second session soon after Christmas, for
winter fruit ; the third in February, for what
will be allowed to be the best fruit of all ; and
if an extra session should be held in May or June,
I shall probably be able to send contributions to it.
One of the finest old Apples I grow, which acquires
for dessert in February a peculiarly grateful aromatic
flavour, before that month is so flavourless as to be
disagreeable. The healthy tree was more than once
threatened before (probably by chance) its excellencies
became known. Every dog has its day, and every
Apple too ; and although I do not write as deeply
learned in pomology (to use Evelyn's term), I submit
that it will be impossible practically and usefully to
study the respective merits of the Apples of the
country in less than three (or perhaps four) sessions
of the congress. Allow me, in conclusion, to suggest
that where many samples are contributed, bags
with labels attached should be used. The diffi-
culty would be to procure bags small enough to hold
no more than half-a-dozen Apples, William H,
Seiuellf Yaxley yieara^e, Suffolk.
Great advantage will without doubt accrue
to fruit growers from this movement on the part of
the Royal Horticultural Society, more particularly if
the suggestions in your leading article at p. 368 are
attended to, as will no doubt be the case, although it
might possibly have been better if the idea had been
put forth at an earlier period of the year, in order to
have afforded more time for preparation, as not the
least important item of information will be that of
knowing the period of blooming of the various varie-
ties of this most useful of all hardy fruits. The flowers
of some varieties are no doubt more hardy than others,
and more able to resist the effects of late spring frosts ;
still, late-flowering sorts are no doubt those most
likely to furnish a steady annual crop. In many parts
of the country, in gardens and orchards belonging to
farmhouses and cottages, there are to be found varie-
ties of the Apple which have probably never left the
locality in which they originated, and which are
known by mere local names, which are not to be
found in trade or other lists of fruit trees ; some o
these are no doubt possessed of considerable merit,
notably that of hardiness, as it is not unusual to hear
the owners of such trees say that they have never
known .such and such a tree to miss a crop. Such
varieties where they exist are necessarily valuable,
and the projected display of fruit from all parts of the
country will necessarily tend to bring the most valu-
able and useful kinds into more extensive cultivation,
and will also lead to the discarding of comparatively
worthless sorts. It will at the same time afford an
excellent opportunity for the rectification of the
nomenclature of this popular fruit, which is very
desirable, as at present it will be found that the same
variety exists in different parts of the country under
totally different names. And there are possibly few
garden establishments where the collection of Apples
is quite correctly named, or where doubt does not
exist as to the names of some of the varieties grown.
If correct information is given by the various
growers, who, it is to be hoped, may be induced to
send collections of fruit to this congress, as to the
character of the soil in which the tree has been
grown, the climate of the locality, and other circum-
stances connected with them, such as the aspect,
whether the trees have been trained in the form of
espaliers or pyramids, or as ordinary standards or
orchard trees — the information will necessarily be of
great value to intending planters, enabling them to
4o8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883.
select the varieties best suited to their circumstances,
and thus to confer lasting benefits upon the com-
munity at large, the Apple being everybody's fruit.
/*, Grieve^ Bury St. Edviitnds,
The Proposed National Chrysanthemum
Show. — It is unfortunate for the purpose of those
who desire to establish a National Chrysanthemum
Society, that the ground is already so well occupied
that little or no room is left for it, and indeed as far
as London and its neighbourhood are concerned, for
instance, no national society could ever hope to do
one tithe for the Chrysanthemum that the Borough of
Hackney, Putney, Kingston, Lambeth, and dozens
of other metropolitan shows are now doing. In
the case of all other special societies there was the
excuse for them that they were, as far as their re-
spective protegees were concerned, real needs, and
filled up real voids. The Chrysanthemum, however,
is in no such position. It is the best patronised flower
in cultivation, and through these myriads of shows
lately has become the most popular. No national
show could be held in London, for instance, without
swamping several other good shows, for in this dis-
trict the chief competitions must be limited to say
ten days, and there is not a grower of plants or flowers
who for those ten days has not already his hands full,
so that to find him other competitions will be but to
result in harm to some of the local shows, and thus
the Chrysanthemum would far more suffer than
gain. Then what can any society hope to accom-
plish that is not already being done at the Royal
Aquarium or at Kingston ? — the latter being with-
out exception the most comprehensive and best
display of Chrysanthemums held in the kingdom. To
attempt a national show in London during the same
week as the best shows are now held would be but to
ruin all. This is a case in which it is well to let well
alone. D.
Adiantum cuneatum. — I send you a few fronds
of an Adiantum cuneatum inclined to be variegated.
I have grown it for the last three years and it keeps
its character, only it gets much whiter in the winter.
I also find that it stands much better in a cut state
than the other Adiantums. It is a seedling. T.
jfannoch, Dersingham,
Eucharis. — I see that the cultivation of these, the
finest of all bulbous flowering stove plants, is attract-
ing some attention among your correspondents. This
is not to be wondered at when we consider how useful
and beautiful they are, adapted either for joyful or
mournful occasions — appropriatefor the bride's bouquet
or the funeral wreath. My own experience of their
cultivation and treatment is that when the bulbs
attain a good size they may be made to flower at any
season — in sunny June or dull December. We flower
them thrice yearly here at least ; as soon as a batch of
them flower in the stove we bring them into a vinery
we have 10° or 15° cooler. Here we rest them for two
or three months, not letting them lose the foliage, and
then bring to the stove again as we require them, give
them plenty of heat and water, and we have them
soon in bloom again. A, Macdonald. [Seep. 395.]
Colchicum maximum. — I send you a very fine
bloom of Colchicum maximum, which shows what a
pretty autumn flower this kind is under good treat-
ment. The bloom is quite twice as large as that of
C. speciosum, and on that account alone it is worthy
of more general cultivation ; but it is also a much
later bloomer, C. speciosum being now quite out of
flower in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh. C, M. O.
The Cornucopia. — The Cheshire county show
was held at Crewe this year, and amongst the exhibits
were two collections which have suggested the heading
for this communication. These were made in a class
which seemed in a special manner to suit, and even
to startle, the public taste — that of the exhibition of
what the catalogue described as *'farm produce."
Mr, Whitaker, gardener to Lord Crewe, and Mr.
Ward, gardener to Sir Philip Egerton, Bart., both
had collected — collections reflecting not only credit
upon the exhibitors themselves, but showing also to
many beholders how — limitless, we had almost written
— are the resources of Mother Earth if her children
only treat her fairly. In Mr. Whitaker's collection,
cereals. Turnips, Potatos, Cabbages, Carrots, and
Onions, were supplemented by fruits — Grapes and
Gooseberries, Figs and Melons, Pears, Plums, and
orchard fruits in plenty. The larder yielded bread
and honey, and all the delicacies contained in a
country store-house. The fish-pond sent its pike,
perch, and roach ; the stream its trout ; and the
game covert its "feathers and fur." Mr. Ward, not
in the least behind his compeer, brought together the
spoils of the sickle and the spade in such profusion
that the judges could only solve the problem by link-
ing the exhibits equal 1st. Mr. Ward had his stages
graced with every variety of fruit and vegetable that
the daintiest epicure could desire, including a re-
markable collection of Potatos. The sh:)wyard
committee and the spectators generally owe Messrs-
Ward and Whitaker— or Whitaker and Ward, to
give seniority its place — their gratitude and thanks
for showing what are the possibilities of proper
culture. Pomologist,
Hybrid Geums. — On p. 373, Professor M. Foster
in his notes on the Iris remarks that the pollen of
some flowers far surpasses in potency that of others.
Few flowers perhaps have more potent pollen than
that common wild plant, Geum urbanum (Wood
Avens). It has been observed that wherever Geum
rivale and G. urbanum grow in the same neighbour-
hood, a hybrid form occurs called G. intermedium,
which is variable in form. Four or five years ago
some garden hybrid Geums were introduced, having
large orange-coloured flowers. Their coarseness of
growth prevents them, at least in this strong soil,
from being good garden plants, but they are remark-
able for their vigour of constitution, A single crown
may be cut up at any period of growth, and if a piece
of root is below each piece of crown, all will make
flowering plants for a few weeks. It was generally
thought that these were hybrids between G. coc-
cineum and G. montanum, but Mr. Appleton, foreman
in the nurseries of Messrs. Smith, of Worcester, in-
formed me that he had raised many of them, and that
the pollen parent was G. urbanum. In the last two
years I have allowed many seedling Geums, coming
up spontaneously in my garden, to flower, and though
I cannot always say where the seed has come from, I
have little doubt that the fertilising pollen has been
that of G. urbanum, which nearly all the seedlings
more or less resemble. The pollen is probably carried
by insects from neighbouring lanes and hedgerows, as
I have never seen Geum urbanum in or very near
my garden. C. Wolhy Dod, Edge Hail, Malpas.
Welford Park Kidney. — In your article on
" Newer Kinds of Potatos " (p. 365) it is stated that
Midsummer Kidney and Beauty of Eydon were the
only varieties that were awarded double honours j
but if you will look at your issue for the 8th of this
month (p. 313) you will see that Welford Park
Kidney is first on the list of seedlings that got First-
class Certificates from the Royal Horticultural Society ;
so, instead of double, I claim that it is the only
seedling Potato that is this year entitled to triple
honours, as it had First-class Certificates both from
the Fruit and Vegetable Committee of the Royal
Horticultural Society and the committee of the
International Potato Exhibition, and it was awarded
by the judges of the latter the special prize for the best
variety in its class, viz., white kidneys, no double
certificated Potato in any of the other three seedling
classes being awarded the same honour. I may
mention that Welford Park Kidney is a seedling from
Sutton's Woodstock Kidney. Charles Ross.
Peaches in Lancashire.— The Peaches sent with
this are from trees on the open wall, without any other
protection than double fishing netting, and a few mats
projecting at right angles from the wall at intervals of
8 or 10 yards. The Peaches are the Alexandra
Noblesse and Violette Hative. Both Peaches and
Apricots are an abundant crop here this season.
William Fox, Holker Gardens, North Lancashire.
[The specimens sent were of good size and well
ripened, far better than some we have lately had in
sunny France. Ed.]
Dendrobiums in Vineries. — On a recent visit
to The Grange, Stretford, Manchester, the seat of
John Heywood, Esq., my attention was drawn by
Mr. Heywood to the very simple and successful
method of cultivating Dendrobiums with Vines.
There are three large span-roofed vineries in which
are growing Dendrobiums in the most robust health.
Mr. Heywood and bis gardener were not satisfied
with the cultivation of some of these plants, and
determined to try the experiment of starting them
into growth in the early spring with the Vines. There
is no shade given beyond the foliage, and the result
has proved far beyond their expectations. I do not
mention this plan as the only way to success, but to
suggest a way to those who have but limited space.
Any one having only a vinery may determine upon the
successful cultivation of numerous Dendrobiums, with-
out the slightest fear of failure, if the same plan as
adopted here is carried out with copious watering
through the growing season. Some of the plants have
been grown two seasons, and the growths are far
in advance of what they have been in other houses. I
here mention a few : — Dendrobium Wardianum (grand
bulbs), D. densiflorum, D. primulinum (18 to 24
inches), D. eburneum, D. formosum giganteum
(2 feet), D. Devonianum (very fine), D. clavatum, D.
nobile and others. The Vines I would also mention
bear good crops of well finished bunches of Black
Hamburgh, Alicante, Lady Downe's, Muscat of Alex-
andria. I herewith send photo of Dendrobium
Wardianum, as exhibited at the Manchester spring
meeting, last March, which has been grown entirely
in the vineries since imported into this country two
years ago. [A fine sample.] Dendrobiums are not
by any means the only Orchids grown here. There is
a large house of Odontoglossums containing probably
700 or 800 plants. Also a fine lot of Lselias, Catt-
leyas, Vandas, and Saccolabiums, and others, all in
splendid condition in other houses. ^. J., Ascot,
Native Bread of Jamaica. — With reference to
my former note (p. 76, vol. xx.), I find that the
"growth" in the indented part of the tuber there
spoken of has now developed into a strong branched
mycelium or spawn. I have made a section of the
tuber under observation, with the mycelium growth
adhering, which with a few detached growths from
other tubers I now forward for examination. A friend
here to whom I showed the tubers, expressed the
opinion that the mycelium growth was a natural
result arising from the decay of tuber, but among
those under observation only a few have exhibited
signs of decay, and it was found that from these the
mycelium has made least progress — the larger growths
being produced from the largest and healthiest tubers.
You will probably, on receipt of my specimens, be
able to ascertain whether the mycelium is of external
or internal origin — the latter conclusion appearing
to me, to have at the present more arguments in its
favour, f. Hart, Superintendent, Government Cin-
chona Plantations, Jamaica, August 27, [The
specimen was destroyed in transit. Ed.]
Lilium auratum. — What becomes of the tens of
thousands of bulbs of this beautiful Lily that are
annually imported into this country ? Some of them,
no doubt, are carefully cultivated, and are grown
on year after year to the great enjoyment of their
owners, but the largest proportion of them, I fancy,
are sadly neglected. They are flowered in the green-
house during the summer and autumn, and as soon
as the flowering period is over they are turned out-of-
doors ; and here it is that the bulbs contract the seeds
of decay which ultimately destroys them. They
suffer from alternate drought and moisture, a con-
tinued cold wet period doing most mischief. Instead
of the plants being turned out-of-doors they should be
placed in an airy part of the greenhouse well exposed
to the light, and just sufficient water should be given
to keep the soil round the bulbs in a state of moisture.
Early in October they may be turned out of the pots
and be repotted, plunging them in cocoa-nut fibre
in frames, 7- D-
Anemone japonica, Honorine Jobert. — While
agreeing with all you urge (page 338) as to the growth,
beauty, and usefulness of this fine autumn flower,
there is one circumstance worth notice I have not yet
seen attention drawn to. After flowering last year I
lifted a large bed of both the white and rose-coloured
varieties, and manured it heavily before transplanting
again. They had been planted about four years and
I considered they had quite exhausted the soil ; though
by weakly applications of manure-water I had profuse
blooms. Thisyear, with every care, the blooming is only
a fraction of what is has been in former years, though
the growth and foliage are all that could be desired.
The conclusion I have come to — with which I should
like to know if others agree — is that after making a
new bed this Anemone takes two or three years to fully
establish itself before giving a maximum amount of
bloom. Walking through Friars' Walk, Cork, with
Mr. Saunders the other day, he told me after many
years' experience, and growing it largely, he had
arrived at the conclusion, that the less it is disturbed
the better. W. J. Murphy, Clonmel. [We quite agree
with Mr. Murphy's conclusion, which he has drawn
from the consequences resulting on transplanting this
Anemone. The less it is disturbed the better. The
flowers are, if left unmanured, apt to become smaller,
and the plant dwarfer with age, but by removing a
circle of soil outside the extremities of the roots, re-
placing that with fresh rich mould, and by occasional
top-dressings, its well-being is most properly con-
served. Ed.]
Apple Lane's Prince Albert. — In this year of
plenty, when all kinds of Apples are bearing an
abundant crop, and many sorts are winning favour
that are very seldom seen, it is worth while to re-
member the genuine and good varieties that never or
seldom fail us. Such a variety is Lane's Prince
Albert. Year by year, in good seasons and in bad
seasons, this splendid Apple produces an abundant
crop. Were I asked to name the very best Apple for
general use, and the one most to be depended on, my
vote would go for Lane's Prince Albert ; other sorts,
such as Peasgood's Nonsuch, may surpass it for large
size and handsome appearance ; other sorts may equal
it in cropping properties, such as Stirling Castle and
Lord Suffield ; but their season is of short duration,
and in many soils they do not grow well. Lane's
Prince Albert, on the contrary, succeeds everywhere,
and is in season from October to March, This is no*
exactly a new Apple, having been raised some twenty-
five years ago ; but still it is not so well known or so
September 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
409
commonly to be met with as its high merits deserve.
Its merits have been often during the last eight or ten
years recognised in the columns of the Gardeners*
Chroniclt't and a beautiful coloured plate of it
appeared in the Florist and Pomolo^ist in 1S75. The
place to see it, however, in its greatest beauty is in
Messrs. Lane's orchards at Berkhamsted ; there it is
planted in quantity, the trees heavily laden this season
with bushels of fine fruit, as they were last year, and
as they are every year. A. F, B.
Linum trigynum. — This old winler-dowering
plant is well worthy of attention where flowers are
required all through the winter. In the month of
February, 1S73, I raised seventy-eight plants. The
plants were 2 feet through, and one mass of their
golden flowers all through the winter. I shall be
obliged to any one who could give or sell me a plant
or plants, for I am sorry to say I have not got one.
IV, C. L.
New Melons. — Having grown High Cross
Hybrid Melon for the past two years, I wish to add
my mite of praise to what has been written in favour
of it as a first-class Melon. It is one that may be
thoroughly depended on, as it produces an abundance
of female flowers, sets freely, and grows when not too
heavily cropped to a considerable weight. I usually
grow from four to six fruits on a plant. It is a melt-
ting and juicy variety, and highly appreciated at table
here. Taking everything into consideration, it may
be classed as an excellent sort. I take this oppor-
tunity also of drawing attention to the merits of
William Tillery as a high-class Melon, even superior,
I think, to the first-named variety, but it is somewhat
shy in producing female blossoms, and consequently
not so much to be depended upon, but the flavour is
rich, and the flesh deliciously melting. R. Black-
stocky Golden GrovCy King's County.
Hardy Wall Shrubs. — There are one or two
plants not named in the list given on p. 375, and
which should, in my opinion, be added [which was
limited by conditions]. For example, few other
wall shrubs can equal the old scarlet Cydonia
(Pyrus) japonica for blooming in February or March,
Of this plant there is a very good white form,
grown by Messrs. Veitch at Coombe Wood, and
also a rose one named P. princeps, I should
also recommend Mr. Sewell to procure the Exmouth
variety of Magnolia grandiflora, and the large-flowered
or grandiflora variety of Jasminum officinale.
Then Clematis [ackmanni is very effective in August,
September, or October, and for February or March,
Forsythia suspensa is most suitable. At this season,
or earlier, the lovely pale mauve Ceanothus Gloire
de Versailles is grand, and in December and January,
Clematis cirrosa is pretty, but not showy. In March
or April, Clematis montana grandiflora is too good
and distinct to be left out of the list, and after it the
purplish-blue Solanum crispum comes into blossom.
The common Almond is a picture very early in the
year as a wall shrub. In sunny and sheltered posi-
tions on walls, the old China and crimson China
Roses of many others deserve a place — the old
"China" would fill up the gap of winter very
prettily. B.
Plum. Williams" Bon Chretien Pears, Lord Palmerston
Peach, and Carmichael's Semper Fidelis Melon ; 2d,
Mr. Oclee, gr. to the Marchioness of Lothian, Blickling
Hnll ; 3d, Colonel Rous (gr., Mr. Chcttleburgh). In
the competition for four dishes of Plums Mr. Allen was
awarded isl prize, having Golden Drop, Transparent
(Jage, (iolialh, and Ponds Seedling ; Mr. Chettleburgh
taking 2d prize. Single bunch of any variety of (jrapes.
— rst, G. Baker, gr. to B. E. Fletcher, Esq., Marling-
ford Hall, with fine Alicanles ; 2d, Mr. Allen, with Aln-
wick Seedling ; 3d, Mr. J. Rose, with Muscat of Alexan-
dria. Mr. Allen was also ist for three bunches of black
Grapes. Black Hamburgh Grapes, three bunches. — ist,
Mr. K. F. Bealcs, Norwich. White Grapes, three bunches,
Muscat. — ist, Mr. J. Rode, gr. to Viscount Canterbury.
Whiii; Grapes, not Muscat, three bunches.— ist, Mr.
Mitrliell, gr. to Colonel Bulwer, Haydon Hall, with
Buckland Sweetwater.— Melons were numerously shown.
— ist, Mr. Warner, gr. to T. Bcrwell, Esq., Hoxton
Hall, for a good fruit of Eastnor Castle. Some fine
samples of Morello Cherries and Apples in abundance
were shown.
Vegetables were staged in great quantities, Mr. Oclee
being isl foracollectionof eight varieties. Somefewdishes
of Potatos were staged, but the majority appeared to aim
at size rather than quality. The liberality of J. Colman.
M.P, , was not confined to permitting the exhibition to
be held in his grounds, but was supplemented by throw-
ing open the whole of his extensive gardens and plant-
houses, together with the ruins of Carrow Abbey, to the
public. A Visitor,
Norfolk and Norwich. — This old-established
horticultural Society held its autumn exhibi tion on
Thursday in last week at Norwich, the place of exhibi-
tion being provided by J. J, Colman, Esq.. M.P., the
three spacious tents which the Society possess being
erected in the grounds adjoining Carrow House. In
the plant tent some noble specimens of foliage plants
came from the gardens of G. F. Buxton, Esq., H.
Bullard, Esq., H. Trevor, Esq.. and others. There were
also good seedling Begonias of the tuberous section, and
some useful plants of Celosias.
Cut flowers, which came in for an especial share of
attention from the ladies, consisted chiefly of Dahlias,
Roses, and Gladioli. Stove and greenhouse flowers in
distinct varieties. — Mr. G. Woodhouse, gr. to H. Trevor,
Esq., took ist for twelve bunches, with Clerodendron,
Bougainvillea, AUamanda, Gloxinias, &c. Roses were
exceedingly good for the season : the ist prize, for twelve
distinct, in trusses, was awarded to some that came
from the gardens of that well-known rosarian, Miss
Penrice, Wilton House; the 2d prize was awarded to
another grower of fame, the Rev. C Fellowes, of Shot-
tesham. Dahlias were well shown by many well-known
growers, and made an excellent display.
The great points of attraction in the fruit soction
were the collections. Eight dishes, distinct varieties.
—The ist prize, a Cup, value ^^5, presented by the
Sheriff of Norwich (S. Newman, Esq.), was won by Mr.
W. Allen, gr. to Lord Suffield, Gunion Hall. The col-
lection contained excellently finished and large bunches of
Madresfield Court Grapes , Duke of Buccleuch , fine in berry ;
agooddish of Vicomtesse H^ricartdeThury Strawberry,
a superb dish of white Ischia Figs, Transparent Gage
STAIE OF THE W BATHER AT BLACKHEATH. LONDON,
For the Week ending Wednesday, September 26, 1883.
Temperature of
THE Air.
Hygrome-
trical De-
ductions
from
Glaisher's
Tables 6th
Edition.
Sept. In.
! 29.58
=9 55
29 57
zg,88
2952
zgfS
2953
— 0.25'
— 0.22
"t-O.IO
—0.25
— o.c8
—0,21
Mean 29.62
Sept. 20.-
— 21.-
22, —
— 23-
— 24.-
— 25.-
— 26.-
u o
O h hi
1] U rt
" > u
= < ■-
S6°
ao
fa'"
i.0S7.I.+ I.3S4 i
49S, 9-153 8- 1.752 4
SI-S 7-5S4.8- 0.5 49-7^
43-5 »'-9S4-7 — 0.5 so. 8^
S3S '4.059.8 + 4855 o
5S. I 13.960.6+ 58:55.0
93 E.S.E. 0.09
.( E.S.E. : ,j,
' " *'.E. :
W! 0.00
j. J,
B3{
87
84 {
8.1
54 0"3. 059.8+ 5.1.53.8 Ss
J.I6 64.I5I.6H.SS7.2+ "053.1'
J L
W. o 00
w.s.w.f-'s
W. : '
W.S.W. ° "3
W.S.W.'o.03
0.56
Dull day ; showers of rain frequently. Fine night,
nearly overcast.
.Dull, rainy day : very foggy at times. Dull, foggy
night.
Fine day and night ; overcast.
Fine bright cloudless day. Fine night ; overcast.
Dull morning: raining heavily; fine at 3 P.M. ;
sun shining slightly. Fine dark night.
Fine generally ; occasional showers throughout
the day Fine night ; cloudless.
Very dull morning : rain ; fine and bright from
I P.M. Fine night ; cloudless.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending September 22 the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea increased from 30. 10 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.23 inches by 9 A.M. on
the 17th, decreased to 30.19 inches by 3 P.M., and
increased to 30.25 inches by midnight on the same
day, decreased to 30.18 inches by 3 P.M., and
increased to 30.20 inches by midnight on the i8th,
decreased to 29 73 inches by 3 P.M. on the 20th,
increased to 29 76 inches by midnight on the 20lh,
decreased to 29 73 inches by 9 A.M. on the 21st,
increased to 29.74 inches by 3 p.m. on the same day,
and was 29.93 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.98 inches, being 0.15 inch lower than
last week, and 0.02 inch lower than the average of
the week.
Temperature, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was75°.2, on the 17th ; the highest
reached, on the 2ist, was 5S°.9. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 68°. 2.
The lowest temperature in the week was 48°. 5, on
the 17th ; the lowest temperature, on the 20th, was
54°. The mean of the seven low night temperatures
was 51°.
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
26°.7, on the 17th ; and the smallest was ^°■^, on the
22d. The mean of the seven daily ranges was I7°.2.
The mean temperatures were— on the i6th, 58°. 7 ;
on the 17th, 60° ; on the i8th, 6i°.6 ; on the 19th,
6i°.8 ; on the 20th, 57°.! ; on the 21st, 53°.8 ; and
on the 22d, 54^.8. Of these the first five were
above their averages by i°.8, 3°. 4, 5°. 2, 5°. 7, and
i°.3 respectively ; and the last two were below by
i''.7 and o','^ respectively.
The mean temperature of the week was 58°. 3, being
o°.2 higher than last week, and 1^.7 above the aver-
age of the week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 128°, on the 17th. The mean of llie seven
readings was io6'\i.
The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer,
with its bulb on short grass, and fully exposed to
the sky, was 40°.!, on the 2ist. The mean of the
seven readings was 43^.5.
Rain. — Rain fell on the 20lh and 21st, to the
amount of 0.27 inch
England : Tempcraliire. — During the week ending
September 22 the highest temperatures were 76". 8 at
Cambridge, 75°.2 at Blackhealh, and 73'.8 at Notting-
ham ; the highest at Bradford was 6S'.7, at Plymouth
68. 9, at Brighton and Preston 69°. The general
mean was 71'*. 5.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 4I°.8
at Nottingham, 42° at Hull, and 42^.3 at .Wolver-
hampton ; the lowest, at Preston, was 51", at
Brighton 50°, and at Bradford 49°. 2. The general
mean was 46°. 8.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 33°.6 at Cambridge, 32° at Nottingham, and 30°
at Hull ; the smallest ranges were iS° at Preston, 19"
at Brighton, and I9°.S at Bradford. The general
mean was 24°. 7.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 7o°.4, at Nottingham 68''.7,
and at Blackhealh 68°.2 ; and were lowest at Liver-
pool, 64°. 2, and at Plymouth and Bolton 64°.4. The
general mean was 66°. 3.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures were
highest at Preston, 54°.6, at Brighton 54°. r, and at
Truro 53°.6 ; and were lowest at Cambridge, 47°.6,
at Hull 48°. 6, and at 'Wolverhampton 49". The
general mean was 51°. 5-
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Cambridge, 22°. S, at Nottingham iS'.g, and at
Blackhealh I7°.2; and was least at Preston, io°.6,
at Plymouth 11°. 3, and at Liverpool ii°.8. The
general mean was I4°.S.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 59°'5'
at Brighton 59°, and at Preston 58°. 6 ; and was lowest
at Wolverhampton, 55°. 7, at Hull 55°. 8, and at
Sheffield and Bolton 56°.7. The general mean was
57°.6.
Rain. — The largest falls were 0.92 inch at Liver-
pool, 0.74 inch at Bolton, and 0.66 inch at Wolver-
hampton ; the smallest falls were 0.03 inch at Cam-
bridge, 0.27 inch at Blackhealh, and 0.33 inch at
Truro. The general mean fall was o 5 1 inch,
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing Sept. 22 the highest temperature was 7I°.9> at
Dundee ; at Aberdeen the highest temperature was
63°. The general mean was 58°. 3.
The lowest temperature in the week was 35°.3,
at Aberdeen ; at Glasgow the lowest temperature
was 46°.8. The general mean was 41°. 6.
The mean temperature was highest at Glasgow,
55°. I ; and lowest at Aberdeen and Perth, 53°. I.
The general mean was 54°. 2.
Rain. — The largest fall was 1. 15 inch, at
Glasgow ; and the smallest was 0.15 inch at Dundee.
The general mean fall was 0.54 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
^itqutrtcs.
He iliat ijuestioneth tnuch sfiall leant tutick. — Bacon.
Artificial Edging. — Can any one give particular
of a good artificial edging tor a kitchen garden othe
than the ordinary tiles? .S. F.
CuctJMBERS. — A. B. wishes to know what is the
largest number of Cucumbers, fit for table or market,
that have been cut from an average of ten plants ?
" A. B. " says he has cut from twenty-four plants of a
seedling of his own {between Blue Gown and Telegraph)
2500 fruits, the truits being valued at ^45, and is anxious
to know how these figures compare with those of other
growers.
Answers to Correspondents.
Altering Public Footpath,— As your correspondent
of last week (p. 379) speaks of "a public footpath,"
there is no difficulty in answering him, whether it be a
so-called parish path or not. The process of altering,
or diverting it, is a tedious and expensive one, and
must be as follows : — Through the Vestry Clerk he
must first call a Vestry meeting, or wait until one is
called, when the subject may be placed or published
in the notice among the agenda, specifying distinctly
what it is desired to do. Your correspondent's lawyer
had better instruct the Vestry Clerk. Plans will have
4rIO
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883,
also to be deposited. Should it pass the Vestry, his
lawyer will in due course have to publish the fact in the
loca;l paper, or papers, on three successive weeks, and
printed papers must be placed at both ends of the path
to be diverted, each and all to be signed by the sur-
veyor. Following this the lawyer will have to carry
the subject before the Justices of the Peace, and pro-
bably, ultimately, before a Court of Quarter Sessions.
It will be well, however, to ascertainthe views of the
local Highway Surveyor on the subject, for, if he vetos
it, the Vestry are not likely to pass it, no office being
so despotic, or less under restraint, than his. William
Earley, Great Ilford,
ASPHALTE : Correspoitde7it. This can be obtained from
any good builder in your neighbourhood, and he would
also furnish you with the price, laid down or other-
wise.
AucUBA : H. Rogers. Fine samples of Aucuba foliage,
but nothing very distinct.
Begonia : Thomas Woodford. The white Begonia is a
very good one, regular,- of fine substance, and pure in
colour. ,
Books : T. j: L. Thomson's Gardeners' Assistant,
Paxton's Botanical Dictionary, Johnson's Garde?iers'
Dictionary, and Tke Epito?ne of Gardening. The
two former are high-priced, the latter are less costly.
— B. ^ W. Barron's Vi7ic and Vine Culture. —
Cultivator. Plant Life, by Dr. Masters (Bradbury,
Agnew & Co.). The book you mention is out of date,
and, indeed, out of print.— 5. T. Tlie Gardeners'
^l/ow/A/v (Philadelphia), The American Garden (New
York), The American Agriculturist (New York).
Eucharis AMAZONICA : Anxious. See p. 395 in this
number.
Gardener's Diary : A. G. B. We do not know of
any book that precisely meets your case, but either of
the Year-books now pubhshed would partly meet your
wants, especially if interleaved.
LiLiUM AURATUM : W. Red banded forms are not
uncommon. Yours is not so fine as many.
Lobelia—Pelargonium : ^ohn Roberts. The Pelar-
gonium bloomssent are fine and very distinct in hue ;
it should become a favourite amongst growers of this
class of flowers. The Lobelia is similar in colour to
a great many others in commerce, but if it is very
dwarf it should be an acquisition to those who favour
carpet bedding.
Names of Fruit: Alfred Barker. The Strawberry
arrived ; will be noticed next week.
Names of Plants : E?iquirer. r, Cephalotaxus dru-
pacea ; 2, Sequoia (Wellingtonia) gigantea ; 3, Dabe-
ocia polifolia, white variety ; 4, Symphoricarpus race-
mosus (the common Snowberry) ; 5, Escallonia ma-
crantha ; 6, Prunus Mahaleb (the Mahaleb Cherry).—
H. Morris, Kent. Origanum Dictamnus.— C. Sand-
ford. I, Clethra alnifolia ; 2, Halesia tetraptera ; 3,
Liquidambar styraciflua. — M., Salop. 2, Asplenium
marinum ; 3, Hibiscus rosa sinensis ; 4, Mesembryan-
themum acinaciforme. The others we do not recog-
nise.— W. T. The shrub is Polygonum sachalinense.
— C. W. Not Bryony, but Solanum dulcamara. —
y. N. We believe your plant to be Psidium Cattley-
anum, one of the Guavas ; but, as in the case of all
cultivated fruit trees, there are numerous varieties. —
John Morris. The fungus which heaved up the
pavement is Agaricus arvensis (the Horse Mushroom).
—H. J . C. (should address Editor, not Publisher).
Your plant is Cissus orientalis, figured in Gardeners
Chronicle, 1871, p. 1615.— y. McD. i, Polygonum
cuspidatum ; 2, Cotoneaster Simonsi ; 3. a species of
Ribes we are unable to name ; 4, Spiraea ari^folia ;
5, Cotoneaster affinis. — Broomford. Gentiana bavarica
(see Gard. Chron., June 3, 1882, p. 736) ; cold frame.
— J. R. H. Impossible to name the Orchid from the
specimen sent. The specimens of Lilies were mislaid,
but we beheve they were forms of L. Thunbergianum.
—H. G. B. Pyrus pinnatifida.— C. W. D. Hosackia
Purshiana.— £. G. C. Buphthalmum salicifolium.—
An Amateur. Maxillaria picta, a common species. —
H. H. D. Hypericum Hookerianum.— //. K. The
specimens are quite insufficient for determination. —
S. G. I, Pyrethrum uliginosum ; 2, Helenium au-
tumnale ; 3, Helianthus multiflorus, so far as we can
tell from the scrap sent.— Rev. W. H. S. Only a
variety of the common Berberis.— 5. Z. N. Send
better specimen.— C E. F. Not a Sedum, but Saxi-
fragaaizoides.— ^. ./T/. Abelia rupestris.— C. Z'. The
Pear and the Ferns next week, i, Abelia rupestris ;
2, one of the small-leaved forms of Phillyrea angusti-
folia ; 3, Retinospora filicoides var. ; 4, perhaps
Retinospora pisifera ; 5, not recognised ; 6, Athtotaxis
cupressoides.— A". G. i, Odontoglossum laeve ; 2, we
can only guess the plant to be Oncidium sculptum.
Peach Disease ; D. D. We regret we can throw no
light on thej matter. We should judge that tlie mis-
chief, whatever it was, began in the roots, and is of
comparatively- recent origin, as -the shoots are still
healthy.
Peach Trees : J, M. P. When the trees, that appear
to be now inS great vigour, turn a httle yellow in the
leaf you may lift them, laying them in carefully till the
spring. The roots should be laid in some light
material in which they will probably make rootlets,
and should get a mulching to keep out frost.
Pelargoniums Fading : Mrs. J., Eccles. The blooms
were all loose in the box, and the petals falleji from all
the single kinds. The cause of their fading so soon is
that possibly they are in full bloom when brought, into
the -conservatory, therefore these blooms cannot last in
a fresh conditipn for a lengthepe4 'period, f.tai.ipgrhaps
the house, or the particular part where the plants are
placed, is too shady, or is liable to sudden fluctuations
in temperature, or the water they get is unsuitable.
Leaf-mould and pit sand are scarcely good mate-
rials for Pelargoniums without any admixture of
loam. , .
Phylloxera : D. This insect we have never met with
in outside borders or heard of such a case.
Tomato Raising ; Jersey Red. You are late in the year
to begin with Tomato raising for very early work, but
you may get cuttings rooted as quickly as possible
now, or you can sow seed of such kinds as Hathaway 's
Excelsior, the Orangefield, or Green Gage, but not of
the coarse-growing sorts. Let them be potted on into
larger pots as soon as the roots touch the sides of the
pots ; but if you intend planting them out to fruit let
them show flower first. Let them have all the Hght
possible, train thinly, and rather than give too much
soil it would be better to assist the plants with manure
in some form. The old wood of vines will stand almost
any degree of cold we get in this country if the roots
are protected -efficiently. . .
Pear: W^ H. H., Ealing. YourPear is a moderate sized
example of Easter Beurre. The short thick stalk and
Fig. 65.— EASTER BEURRfi.
incurved caly.x-segments are characteristic,
first-rate — season January to March.
Quality
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
W. Tait & Co., Capel Street, Dublin— Dutch Bulbs
and other Flower Roots.
W. M. Pillinger & Co.. Chepstow— Dutch Flower
Roots and Spring Flowering Plants.
Dammann&Co., Portici, Naples— Wholesale Catalogue
of Garden, Flower and Palm Tree and Agricultural
Seeds.
Cranston's Nursery and Seed Co., Hereford-
Bulb and Flower Roots.
E. S. Dodwell, Stanley Road, Oxford — List of New and
Old Carnations and Picotees.
Hogg & Robertson, 22, Mary Street, Dublin — Hya-
cinths, Tulips and other Flowering Bulbs.
T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, Lon-
don— Bulb Guide.
J. Smith & Sons, Dariey Dale, Matlock— Trees, Shrubs,
&c.. Wholesale.
W. E, Martin, 61, Market Place, Hull— Bulb Cata-
logue.
W. Gordon, Twickenham— Lilies and other Bulbs and
Plants.
Isaac Davies & Sons, Ormskirk — Rhododendrons,
Azaleas, &c.
Bark & Son, King Street, Covent Garden — Descriptive
List of Daffodils and Hardy Plants.
James Yates, Stockport— Illustrated Catalogue of Con-
tinental Bulbs.
Ralph Crossling, Penarth Nurseries — Cut Flowers,
Bouquets, and Wreaths.
H. Cannell & Sons, Home for Flowers, Swanley, Kent
— New and General Soft-wood, Florists' Flowers, and
Winter-flowering Plants, Roses, Bulbs, &c.
Kane. Nurseries, Kells, Co. Meath— Special Offer of
Imported Bulbs, Flower Roots, &c.
John K. King. Coggeshall, Essex— Imported Bulbs.
Ormtston & Renwick, Melrose, N.B.— Dutch Flower
Roots.
The New Plant and Bulb Co. , Uon Walk, Colchester
—Retail List^of J^ljes,:0rehidi,,^ull2& ^c,^.
Communications Received. — Baron Schrceder. — Messrs
Veitcb.— Messrs. Protheroe & Morris.— Mr. J. N. Fitch.—
M. Correvon, Geneva.— J. L.— Cassell & Co— A. L., Napier,
N. Z.— J. B. ArmstroDg, New Zealand.— T. Christy & Co.
(next week).— H. D.— A. B.— R. D.— E. J. B.— T. W.—
H. H. D'O.— R. J. L.— F. V. M.. Melbourne.-F. Kramer,
Flottbeck (with thanks).— W. S., Leeds.— G. Heath.— N. E.
Brown.—W. B. H.— J. M. P.— Taffy. North Wales.— F.
Challis.— W. B. M.— F. & Arthur Dickson & Sons.— John
Stewart.— W. J. Royle.— Wild Rose.— C. WoUey Dod.—
A. D.— W. Watson.-C. Tocock.- Woolhope Club.— Chad-
born & Co.— H. D.— D. B. C— J. J. T.— W. H.-G. M.—
J. B.-J.S.
arhts.
COVENT GARDEN', September 27.
Trade quiet, with fuU supplies. James Webber,
Wholesale Apple Market,
Fruit. — Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
. 16- 26
. lOO 0-116 o
. 10- . .
10- 20
. 23 o- 30 o
s. d. s, d.
Melons, each . . i o- s o
Peaches, per doz. .. 2 o-iz o
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-40
Plums, J^-sieve .. 7 o-io o
Apples, J^-sieve .
Cobs, per 100 lb. ,
Figs, per dozen. ,
Grapesi per lb. .
Lemons, per case ,
Vegetables— Average Retail Pricks
s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz 30-50
Beans, French, lb... 04- ..
— Scarlet, per lb. . . 03- . .
Beet, per doz. , . 10- . .
Cabbages, per doz. . . i .0- z o
Carrots, new, p. bun. 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen . . 20-30
Celery, per bundle . . 16- . .
Cucumbers, each . . 04-08
Endive, English, per
dozen ., ,. i o- ..
Garlic, per lb. .. r o- ..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
Horse Kadish, bund. 30-40
Potatos. — Kent Kidneys, ;^3 to £>e, per ton ; do.. Regents
.;^3^- to £,\ per ton.
s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . . . i o- ,
— Cos, per dozen., i 6-
Mint, green, bunch. , o 6-
Mushrooms.p. baskt. i o- :
Onions, per bunch . . 06-
— Spring, per bun. o 6- ,
Parsley, per bunch., o 4-
Peas, English, quart i o-
Radishes, per doz. ..16-
Small salading, pun. o 4-
Spinach, per bushel 2 6-
Tomatos, per lb. ..06-09
Tin-nips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 02-04
Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Prices.
Aralla Sieboldii, doz. 12
Arbor-vitse (golden),
per dozen .. ..6
— (comraon), dozen 6
Asters, per doz. .. 4
Begonias, per doz. . . 6
Bouvardia, doz. ..12
Caladiums, per doz. 6
Cockscombs, doz. .. 3
Coleus, doz. .. .. 1
Dracsena term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz. . . 12
Erica, various, doz. 9
Euonymus, various,
per dozen .. .. g
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen .. ..6
Cut Flowers.-
Abutilon, 12 hunches 2
Asters, 12 bunches.. 2
— French, per bun. 3
Bouvardiasi per bun. 1
Carnations, 12 blms. i
— 12 bunches .. 3
Cornflower, 12 bun. . i
Dahlias, 12 bun. .. 3
Eucharis, per doz. .. 3
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 3
Gladioli, 12 spikes., i
Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . . . . 3
— red, 12 blooms., i
Liliums, 12 blooms., o
Marguerites, 12 bun. 6
d. s. d.
0-24 o
0-18 o
0-12 o
0-90
0-12 o
0-18 o
0-24 o
0-60
0-60
0-60 o
0-24 o
0-18 o
0-24 o
J. d. s. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, eacti 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each . . . . 2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90
Hydrangea, per. doz. g 0-24 o
Liliums, various, per
dozen .. . .12 0-30 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..8 0-12 o
Mignonnette,do2. .. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
PaJmsin variety,each 2 6-zi o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen .. 20-60
-Average Wholesale Prices,
d. s. d. ^ J.
0-40 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2
o- g o MariEolds, i2bun. .. 2
0-40 Myosoiis, or Forget-
o- 1 f mR-not, p. (2 bun. 2
0-30 Pansies, 12 bunches o
0-60 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 1
6- d o — zonal, 12 sprays o
0-60 Picotees, 12 bun. .. 2
0-60 Primula, double, bun. i
0-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 2
0-30 — (outdoor),i2bun. 3
6-10 — coloured, doz, .. 3
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 4
0-60 Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2
0-30 Tropseolum, 12 bun. i
6-16 White Jasmine, bun. o
o- g o
d. $. d.
0-60
0-40
0-60
g- I 6
o- 1 6
3-06
0-60
0-16
0-60
0-60
0-80
0-60
0-40
o- 3 o
6-10
SEEDS.
London : Sept. 26. — There was a poor attendance
on the seed market to-day, and transactions were limited.
Clover seeds at present excite no attention, there being
a complete absence of all speculative inquiry for the same
this season. There is a diminished sale for Trifohura ;
winter Vetches continue cheap and good. The trade
for Rye is without alteration. Same rates prevail for
Canary seed. Moderate prices are asked for the
fine new Enghsh blue Peas now offering. John Shaw
&* Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that
there were moderate supplies and a dull trade. Quota-
tions : — Prime Clover, loos. to 115J. ; inferior, 6oi-. to
75J. ; prime second cut, 90J. to io8i. ; best meadow hay,
Bar. to gar. ; inferior, 40J. to 6sj. ; and straw, zgs. to
38J. per load. — On Thursday there was a large supply.
The trade was quiet, and Clover prices were lower. —
Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior meadow hay,
78J'. to 90J. ; inferior, 6^s. to 72J. ; superior Clover,
iioi. to 120J. ; inferior,j70j. to 95J. ; and straw, 351. to
40J. per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that supplies were large, but the demand slow. Quota-
tions : — Magnum Bonums, 60s. to Soj. ; Kent Regents,
Zos. ; Essex Regents, 70^. ; Champions, 60s. ; and
Roses, 60s. per ton. — The imports into London last week
consisted of 3510 bags from Hamburgh, 2 from Antwerp,
and 3a bags from Harlingen. ;
September 29, 1883,]
THE -GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
411
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25J. per 100, or 4J.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER^^
TO THE TBADE.
FRUIT TREES, ROSES and VINES.
DWARF MAIDEN PEACHES. NECTARINES. APRI-
COTS, PLUMS, CHERRIES, APPLES, PEARS.
DWARF-TRAINED PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRI-
COTS, CHERRIES, PLUMS, PEARS, APPLES.
STANDARD. HALF-STANDARD, and DWARF ROSES,
also ROSES in pots.
GRAPE VINES for Forcing and Planting.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS, fine, for Potting for Forcing.
HUGH LOW & CO. have to offer the above in quantity,
clean and healthy, growing at Bush Hill Park Nursery, Enfield,
ten minutes' walk from the Bush Hill Park Station, Great
Eastern Railway. Inspection invited.
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
20,000 PALMS,
including Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nonias, Corypha, Phosnix, Cocos Weddelliana, Caryotas,
&c. ; FERNS, in 48's and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, lor
flowering this season ; PAND.'^NUS, CROTONS.
FICUS, JASMINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTiS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS ;
Tuberous and Foliage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W, M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes' from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
AMERICAN SEEDS.
^ g^w. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °'' MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c. ^■-- ■;
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded in 1784.
ADDRESS :—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
1883-A BC BULBGUIDE-1883.
THIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
has been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General MISCELLANEOUS BULBS,
very e.xtensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS (perhaps the finest collection of these ever
offered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORUS.TRIL-
LIUMS, PEONIES, the leading and most distinct
varieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.,
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
adapted for Autumn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
ALL ORDERS FOR
DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS
CARRIAGE FREE
BY RAIL OR PARCELS POST.
EXTRA QUALITY.
HYACINTHS, choice named sorts
,, Early White Roman
TULIPS, best show varieties ..
CROCUS, ten best distinct sorts
JONQUILS, sweet-scented
!. d.
. , per doz. 6 o
.. „ 30
.. ,, 16
. . per 100 2 6
. , per doz. o 8
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, named ,, 26
BORDER NARCISSUS, in variety . . per ico 4 6
ANEMONES, fine French varieties .. ,, 70
RANUNCULUS, Double French .. ,, 70
SNOWDROPS, extra large roots .. ,, 26
IRIS, German, in best mixture ., .. per doz. 2 o
SCILLA SIBIRICA, large size .. per 100 60
SPIR/EA JAPONICA, for forcing .. per doz. 5 o
CHRISTMAS ROSE, strong floweringroots ,, 6 o
LILIUMS, EARLY GLADIOLUS, AMARYLLIS,
WINTER ACONITE, BEGONIAS,
TUBEROSES, CROWN IMPERIALS, IXIAS, &c.
CATALOGUES FREE.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY (Limited),
HEREFORD.
(DitiffistnblislicJ).!
— (Roof 0, —
SUPERB QUALITY.
Prices very moderate.
ffree IDeliverics.
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE
( Illnstralcd).
glcliabic altoaBg. Address in full—
R^fl.DlGI^SON^SONS,
^be (Siuecn's See&sinen,
GHBSTEI^.
N A R C [^ S U 8.
THOMAS S. WARE begs to announce that
he has prepared a SPECIAL OFFER of Leading
Varieties of (he above, which may be had upoo application.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Totteoham, London.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SEIiAGINELIiAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & d. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
fSeecC
Send Four stamps
for
Richly illustrated
in colours,
correctly after
New Catalogue of ' ' Nature.
Tkc FourptTtse will he-reti^tiKd in i)u Jirsi I>urefui$e.
BULBS
IVTEW LILIUM HARRISL— We were the
-i-^ introducers of this distinct and floriferous variety of
L. eximiutn last year.
Extract irom Gardeners' Chronicle : — " Lilium Harrisi, — Wc
have received a two-flowered stem of this Lily from Messrs.
Watkiiis & Simpson, who introduced it into ihc London market,
aod which is the second flower-stem produced this season in
the manner described by Mr. Clausen, at p. 5^1, by a second-
sized Ijulb in ihe possession of Mr. Walker, of Whilton, near
Hounslow. The Howcrs arc very fine, and evidence seems to
be accumulatiiiR that it is distinct Irom L. lonRiflorum, or at
least a well-marked variety of that species. It doe.s not appear
to do well out-ofdoors, preferring the shelter of a cool green-
house ; and it stands forcing well. We understand that one of
the most extensive growers of plants for market has given a
large order for bulbs tor forcing next spring."
Price ol liulbs of the above and many other Lilies on applica-
tion to
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants.
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
CALCEOLARIAS (Herbaceous). — Fine
healthy transplanted SeedUngs. from a splendid strain of
beautifully spotted and tigred flowers, is. 6d. per dozen, post-
free. Extra strong plants, as. 6ci. per dozen, post-free.
DANIELS BROS.,
TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH.
CINERARIAS.— Fine healthy transplanted
Seedlings, from a grand strain of large and brilliantly
coloured flowers, is. 6d. per dozen, post-free. Extra strong
plants, 7S. 6d. per dozen, post-Iree. Beautifully Illustrated,
CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower Roots free on application.
DANIELS BROS,
Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment, Norwich.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from iZs. to 36j-. per dozen.
These World-famed HOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
The Largest Rose Grounds in England
CRANSTON'S NURSERIES
(Established 1785).
THE PLANTING SEASON.
Order Early and Plant In October and November.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
Beg to draw the attention of Amateurs and Rose
Growers generally to their immense Stock of
DWARF and STANDARD
ROSES,
which are unusually fine this season. The
plants, having made very early growth, are now
well ripened, and will be in excellent condition
for transplanting. Plants are grown in every
variety of form, and upon Stocks best adapted
to the habit or constitution of the Rose.
Selections will be suppUed at the following prices,
less 6 per Cent, discount for Cash with Order :—
STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS, superior varieties,
215. to 24J. per dozen.
DVi'ARFS on MANETTI, superior varieties, gs. to loj. per
dozen.
DWARFS on SEEDLING BRIER and BRIER CUT-
TINGS, superior varieties, loj. to \-2S. per dozen.
DWARF TEA-SCENTED and NOISETTES, on Seedling
Brier, superior varieties, iSJ. to i8s. per dozen.
DWARF HYBRID PERPETUALS, on own roots, 151 to
185. per dozen.
CLIMBING ROSES, 91. to I2j. per dozen.
NEW FRENCH ROSES for .883, 361. per dozen.
TE.VSCENTED HYBRID 1>ERPETUALS, &c., in 8-bch
pots, specially grown for Forcing, 24J., 30^,, to 42s. per
dozen.
GARDEN ROSES, suitable for Bedding or Massing, 601.
per 100.
Special Quotations will be given to Buyers of
Lar^e Quantities.
Bescriptive Catalogue on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.
(LIMITED),
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.
412
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883.
BAUMFORTH'S
SEEDLING RASPBERRY.
From the great reputation this New Rasp-
berry has attained for size, quality, and heavy
cropping, I fully anticipate again a very large
demand for Canes.
I recommend Orders to be sent in at once, to
secure a supply.
PRICES :-
Planting Canes . . . . 25J. per 100, 4J. per dozen.
Fruiting Canes, extra strong. 35J. per 100, 6j. per dozen.
Special Prices to the Trade on application.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON,
SEED MERCHANT and NURSERYMAN,
HULL.
TREE CARNATIONS.
HEATH & SON
Have a magnificent stock of the above, in 4 and
5-inch pots, just setting with Flower Buds,
of the following varieties : —
METEOR, MODEL, LUCIFER, WHITE SWAN,
ALLEGATIERE, ANDALUSIA, LA BELLE, MINERVA,
NONPAREIL, VESTAL, VULCAN, MISS JOLIFFE,
GARIBALDI.
183. per dozen, £5 per 100.
EXOTIC NURSERIES, CHELTENHAM.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
4(£. per bushel ; loo for 255 ; truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s ; 4-bushel bags, 4^- each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6ii. per sack ;
5 sacks, 25J ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, ss- per sack, 5 sacks 22s. ; sacks,
^d. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, is. gi. per bushel ; 155. per half
ton, 26s. per ton ; in 2 bushel bass, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. Ss. 6rf. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSI A MATS, &a Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LiVERPOUL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
Ihe Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by them a?id all Nurserymen and SeedsmeJi.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE.
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4J. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks for 20s.
„ best black fibrous ,. 3J. 6d. per sack : 5 sacks for 15^.
.. extra selected Orchid .. .. s^. od. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. ..\
PREPARED COMPOST, best .. (is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. f included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) .. .. li. 3rf. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. io</. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. Zd. per lb., 28 lb. i8j.
,. PAPER, finest imported specialite 8^. per lb., 28 lb. i8s.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
^12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants. &c.. 16 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 155. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s. ; 5 Bags.
2M. erf. ; 10 Bags, 45J. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
loi 6d. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 521. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, £5 per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25^. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, &.C., of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Light or
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tons, 48^.
each. Selected PEAT, 31. persack. SILVER SAND and LEAF
MOULD, Sd. per bushel. Sacks, 6^. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAMBERT, Ringwood.
COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. s-/. each, or
IS sacks, 18.1. ; 30 sacks, £1 5s., sacks included. Truck-load,
loose, 3'^^. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
lished 1872 -J. STEVENS AND CO., " Greyhound " Yard,
and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, &o.
Superior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 4^. 6d. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from 55. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from 6s. per sack.
LOAM, Yellow Fibrous, is. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best, 11. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, is. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, 11. 6d. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, gd. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, from6A per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. 3d. per bag; per truck-
load of about 2 tons, 30J.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 41. 6d. per bag.
VIRGIN CORK. i8s. per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 34, Glengarry Road, East Dulwicli, S E.
A SPECIALITY.
BEESON'S ROSE, VINE, and PLANT
MANURE.
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all particulars please apply to
"W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills,
SHEFFIELD.
Also GROUND BONES for Vme Borders, Potting, &c.
Silver Medal-issl BronieHedal-issi.
To HU
Royal
Highness
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Rowers and Fmlts
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PBOCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Absolutely Pure. Free from any
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '' Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorouph boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Polling, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant BordeHng to Flower Beds. Combines ■warmth
and clea7iliness with valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks.
IS. 6d. each; lo sacks, 13^.; 15 sacks, i8.r. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ;
30 sacks, 301. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, CHOBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works. West Ferry Road, Millwall, London. E.
Amortiser.—Amortiser.— Amort Iser.
To HOP and FRUIT GROWERS, FLORISTS, MARKET
GARDENERS and OTHERS.
STEVENS AND CO.'S AMORTISER
INSTANTLY DESTROYS Hop Flea, Greenfly,
CJiterpillar, and every kind of Blight. Fruit Growers, Florists,
more especially Rose Growers, will find this preparation invalu-
able, as one application causes INSTANT DESTRUCTION
of all INSECT PESTS. For Hothouse, Greenhouse, and
other Plants it is equally valuable, and is guaranteed not to
injure the most delicate bloom or foliage. We have a Special
Preparation of the Amortiser for Watering the Ground which
Instantly Destroys Slugs. Wireworms. Caterpillars, Giubs, &c.
When ordering state which preparation is required. Sample
Cans, A^4. gallons, 3s. 61^., tin included. Special Quotations for
Large Quantities.
Orders received at 67, High Street, Borough, London, S.E.
SOLUBLE rln TREE OIL INSECTICIDE.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, S:c. Cures Mildew and
Blight Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &:c., and makes a
good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d.,
2S. 6d., 4s. 6d. a bottle. Per gallon 12s. 6d , or less in larger
quantities. Maker. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale
Druggists. New York : Rolker & Sons.
To the Seed and Florist Trade.
CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO.
(L/M/TED).
Horticultural Sundries Mercliants,
and Manufacturers of all kinds of
INSECTICIDES and MANURES, GRASS and DRIED
FLOWER BOUQUETS, WREATHS and CROSSES.
in every Material and Pattern.
importers of
DRIED FLOWERS and GRASSES, VIRGIN CORK.
RAFFIA MATS, &c.
Every Horticultural Requisite required for a shop kept in
stock. Show Rooms now complete with every novelty for autumn
use, and special attention given to any visiting customers.
CATALOGUES Free to tJte Trade an application.
18, Finsbury Street, London, E.C.
EUREKA!!! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbridge,
Edinburgh. The only Insecticide worth using. Once used
always used.
DIRECTIONS. — For Syringing purposes, one part of the
Insecticide to loa parts of water. For Greenfly on Roses, &c.,
from I to 20, to I to 40 parts. For Thrip and Scale, i to 20
parts. For Bug, i to 15 parts,
N.B. — Very tender pla?its should he well syringed after
■using ilie Insecticide.
In Bottles, is., 2J. , and 3^. 6d. each. 7^. 6d. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
Wholesale Agents — IRELAND AND THOMSON, so,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides, and all Parasites.
To prevent American Blight, all kinds of Scale, &c., and
for Washing all Hard-wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonials.
*' Coton Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880.
" We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO "
"201, Broad Street, Birmingham, August 15, 1S83.
" Dear Sir, — I have lately tried Hudson's Extract o( Soap
for the mildew on my Rose trees in the greenhouse, and 1 find
that with one syringing it completely cures it instantly. I should
say I tried it some time ago with the same result. Yours truly,
(Signed) "W. JAMES."
SOLD El'ERVll^'HERE.
BEMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of all DIRT from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
GISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparatioris intended to supersede it. In Boxes, i J. , 3J., & loj. 6d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
/^ISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
V-^ fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, td.
and ij. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited). London.
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.G.
TNDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
JL loo yards for laf,, delivered at Burnley Station; or 85>ards
for 10s., delivered free per Parcels Post. Very useful pure Cotton
for Curtains, Blinds. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley.
FRUIT BOXES
Made of stout wood, p'aned and hinged, with fastenings
and holes, through which a string can be passed and sealed
on the top to prevent all tampering or pilfering. Movable
wooden divisions keep each Peach or Bunch of Grapes in its
place. Wrapped in wool or tissue paper the Peaches fit in
firmly and never bruise.
Boxes for 12 Peaches, is. eacb, or lis. 6d- per doz.
„ 24 „ 2s. „ 23s. „
„ for Grapes, 8 divisions, loin. X4in. X4in., 4S. eacb.
THOS. CHRISTY & CO-, 155. Fenchurch Street, E.C.
MANUFACTURERS OF HVDRO-INCUBATORS.
September 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
413
THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.
Price, as engraving, with boiler, open feed syphon, 12 feet of
4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints complete, ^4 41,
Dehvered free to any station. Discount for cash.
Cost of apparatus for houses of any size on apphcAtion.
This is the simp'est, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
waler fitter for fixing. 'J he boilei stands in the greenhouse, the
front only being outside and tlubh with the outer will, so that
the whole of the heat fiom the boiler itself is utilised. It burns
over twelve hours without attention, at a nominal cost.
Illustrated LIST with full particulars post-tree.
DBANE & CO.,
BRIDGE.
(:^-JrsX LONDON
STOVES.
Terra-Coita .' Portable' For Coal!
ROBERTS'S PATENT.
Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for
about \d., without attention. For Greenhouses,
Bedrooms, or almost any purpose. Pamphlet
and authenticated Testimonials sent. In use
daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IKONIVORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
Tbe Best
4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, gfeet long, us. ^d. each.
4<in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4^. dd. each.
Price List on application,
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
CAESQN'S PAINT.
Patronised by
HER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES.
15,000 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON By UNSKILLED LABOUR.
1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.
C A R S O N S ,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON, E.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK. DUBLIN;
and 55, ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Cash.
UNDER SPECIAL ROTAX PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
'•ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, SHeep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£1 tis. (id., sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON:
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
■pEIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
-L\J fine, on rail at -js. 6d. per ton— not less than 4-ton trucks
Terms cash.- Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate.
ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.-AU the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Nellinfi and TilTany.
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. liLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and s. Wormwood Street, London, E.C.
U S" S^I A M^A T S",
Archangel. Taganrog, Petersburg, and Dunnage.
SACKS and SEED BAGS. ROPES. LINES and TWINES.
RAFFIA FIBRE.
TOBACCO PAPER. PEAT .and SILVER SAND.
BF.ST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, rj. 31/. per sack
(sacks inchided). Descriptive CATALOGUE on application.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
140, Commercial Street, London, E.
.o^Vi^ %f^
■^Sy 21 ox. Foreign, of the foUowlng 0A»
N^ Sizes, In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, »
3ds and 4ths qualities always kept In stock :—
20x18
22X18
24X18
Stock Lists and Prices 00 application.
All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can b« obtained
fi-om
QEOROE FARmLOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
S4, 8t John's Street. West Smlthfleld, London, E.CL
14x12
20x12
20 X 14
20x16
:6xi2
i6x 14
20x15
22X 16
18x12
18X14
i8xi6
24X16
TEN SILVEK
AWARDED
MEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal POTTERY,
Weston sui'ER-MABH. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior qualicy,
from 1 to 30 inches diameter, stand the fiosts. and seldom turn
green; ORCHID. FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, ts.
BELGIAN GLASS fo7GREEN HOUSES, &c
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BEXHAM & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B, & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in , in t6-oz.
and si-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 2oo-ft. and soo-ft. cases.
SPECIAL
SHf^;-
10 Boxes, 20x14
20 ,» 20x18
T
^
20 Boxes, 20 X 12 10 Bo.xes, 20 x 13
10 ,, 20x15 10 »> 20x16
20 ,, 24X 18
In 200 feet Boxes, at Z\d. per foot neit for not less than
1000 feet. BOXES FREE.
GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34. St. John's Street, West Smlthfleld, London, EC.
Kosher's Garden Edging Tiles.
iifiillg 2ifi
HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially g.--..
suited for KITCHEN *=^-
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c , in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO.. Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars. S.E ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c ,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tdes in great variety. Slates. Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Buck and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L V E R S AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or" Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N". B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discoimt to the Trade
SPECIALLY CHEAP GLASS.
Packing Cases free and not returnable.
100 Squares, gocd Glass, at the following prices, in Leeds ;—
15 oz.
12% by 8 for gr. dd.
iz Ijy 9 for gy 6ci.
14 by 10 for 13.1. 6,i.
15 by 9 for \-\s. (yd.
^2% by 8 for us. 6d.
12 by q for 12 J. td,
14 by 10 for i8j. od,
15 by 9 for i8j. ck/.
HENRY WAINWRIGHT, Glass and Lead Merchant.
8 and lo, Alfred Street, Boar Lane, Leeds.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FUR
VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES.
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HOKTICIILTURAI, I'lTRPOSES,
HIRST. BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
LABELS.
WATERPBOOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
CO.,
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Mttal, with raised
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says ; — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon.
Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
[Rei^istercd Tradti Marfi.
«*»W^Jli^'/fM^^i
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly mcreasing sale. Ic
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at \s. &d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. &d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" Pierce/ie/d Park, June ii, 1876. — Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best wc ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."
CAUTION,— \\\\A. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on mos
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they leceive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c. . sent free on application to
HILL and SMITH, Biierley Hiil Ironworks, Staffordshire
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.
JOHNSON BROTHERS & CO.
{LnilTED),
6, V/ATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL, S.W.
. Builders of Con?er-
.ti-^.rwt w- -n-^ vatories and all descrip-
li^}^f;i,iLLU,^, tions of Hothouses and
Roofs, in Iron and
Wood, or a combina-
tion of both, on their
Patent System, with-
out Putty, or, with
_ Putty, in the ordinary
''^^ way, if preferred.
CORRUGATED IRON STRUCTURES for all pjtrposes.
Plans and Estimates submitted free of cost.
HEATING by HOT W A T E R, on the best Principle?,
414
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[September 29, 1883.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO..
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G.
W H LASCELLES and CO wall give Estimates for every
descnption of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES* NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G.
Illustrated Lists ol Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on apphcatiorL - - --
1RGNFENCINC,eATES;<&^
, : Catalogues free on application" . ■■'
BAYLISS.JONES&BAYLrSS
WpLVERHAMPTPN
:L0ND0N OfF!CES,3,CrPOKED LaNE KmaWlLUAM ST,f c
Cucumber Frames.
KHALLIDAY and CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station 10 England : — £, s. d.
2-lighl frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ] pa^j^jn^ ( 3 10 o
3-light frame, xz feet by 6 feet V p--„. f_f'- ■< 5 5 o
6-light frame. 24 feet by 6 feet j ^^^^^ "^^^ (10 o o
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.
R. HALLIDAY and CO.,, Hothouse Buildersand Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester.
No. I
No. 2
No. 3
No. 75. MELON or CUCUMBER FRAMES.
CASH PRICES— Carriase Paid.
8 ft. long .. 6ft. wide .. ;£3 7 6
12 ft. long .. 6 fl. wide .. 4 17 6
16 ft. long .. 6 f L wide ., 676
These Frames are 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with a strong iron
strengthening rod, and one handle to each light. Allpainied four
coats of best oil colour, the lights being glazed with best zi-oz.
English glass,
B O I L E E S,
For heating all kinds of Horticultural Buildings.
NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY. FREE ON APPLICATION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH.
DAVI D LOWE & SONS,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS
AND
HOT-WATER ENGINEERS.
GILMORE PARK, EDINBURGH; and CORNBROOK,
CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.
Plans and Estimates on application for every description of
Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.
Garden Frames and Sashes in Stocky
JAMBS GEAY.
CONSERVATORIES,
VINERIES,
ORCHID and PLANT HOUSES, &c., &c.,
HOT-WATER APPARATUS for all purposes,
BOILERS, CASTINGS, &c., &c.
Best Materials and Workmanship. Moderate Prices.
Works and Offices— Danvers Street, Chelsea, London, S.W.
s«»Mii^;si^
.HIGHCATfiROAD . LONDON. N.W.(Od
fiHiwiinMi rri iiriiwninwn rim iTh niMirwuft n ^M
NORMAL SCHOOL of SCIENCE and
ROYAL SCHOOL of MINES, South Kensington.
Dean, Professor Huxley, P.R.S. Session, 1883-4.
Biology.— Professor Huxley will begin a course of lectures
on October r.
Chemistry. — Professor Frankland will begin a course of
lectures on October i.
Physics.— Professor Guthrie will begin a course of lectures
on October 3.
Metallurgy. — Professor Chandler Roberts will begin a
course of lectures on October i.
Agriculture.— Mr. Wrightson will begin a course of lectures
on October I.
Further particulars may be obtained from the Registrar.
Accidents!- 64, ComMll.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital. ;£ 1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;£25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;{! 1,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Cleiks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
Uthographic Colourea Plates of Vegetaliles, Fruits.
FLOWERS. &c, or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
CATALOGUES.
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, Lithographer
to the Royal Academy, 15, Rue du Boulevard, Brussels.
Established 1829. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Natural History. Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that may be required, and Estimates will
be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER, 149. Kingsland Road, London, E.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street. Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ;^2oo,ooo. — Reserve Fund, .£75,000.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ,£to to
£5000, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds from jCs P^ cent, from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Coimtry loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genume proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed j£25o,ooo per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
(Established 1867.)
OVER SEVEN!
The finest Whiskey in the World is
"SPECIAL
JURY"
(IrlBli)
WHISKEY.
Supplied to Guards' Club, Pall Mall.
' Supplied to Vice-Regal Suites, at Imperial Hotel, Belfast,
Never bottled under seven years' old. .
It is agreed on all sides that New Whiskey is quite unfit to
drjnk. It produces headache and prostration, by reason of the
fusel oil it contains, which is inseparable from all Whiskey under
a certain age, and which nothing but age can eliminate.
The consensus of opinion of the Medical Press and of the
Profession at large is that Fine Old Irish Whiskey is the best
stimulant known, not only for Invalids, but for the robust. Such
a desideratum is
" SPECIAL
JURY "
WHISKEY.
Sample Bottle 4S. )Carkiage
Quarter Dozen Case 12s. ( Paid
Half Dozen Cass 24s, ( (United
Dozen Case (z Gallons full) .. .. 48s./ Kingdom).
PosT'OFFicE Orders to sole Owner of Brand,
W. J. JURY, Belfast.
N. B. The price of Whiskey should be regulated by its age.
SUN
Thre
FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.G. ; Charing Cross, S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE.— Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at
moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established iSio. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large Bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.
Children's ...... u. lOj^rf. per dozen.
Ladies' 3X. -^d. ,,
Gentlemen's .... 4^. lod. ,,
Ladies' 55. iit^.. Gentlemen's 71. nd. per doz.
*' The Irish Cambrics of
Messrs. Robinson & Cleaver,
Belfast, have a world-wide
CAMBRIC
id.— Lad
POCKET
s post-free.
HANDKERCHIEFS,
Hemstitched,
Direct from
the Manu-
facturers.
Samplesand Price Lists post-free, fame " — The Queen.
By appointments to
the Queen and Crown
Princess of Germany.
BOBINSON & CLEaVER, BELFAST.
WANTED,
and Wile,
SITUATION in COLORADO. — So very
many persons have applied, that correspondence can only
be continued with a few, the rest will hear nothing further from
me.— E. G. LODER.
PARTNER in, or MANAGER of a Florist's.
An energetic man REQUIRED, who would take the
absolute superintendence of the business. Married preferred if
the Wife could take the Management of the Shop. Good
dwelling-house, and every convenience for an improving trade,
— S. Y., Gardeners' Chronicle Ofiice, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.
WANTED, a thoroughly competent GAR-
DENER in Suffolk to Grow for Market, Fiuit, Toma-
tos, Cucumbei s, and Plants for Cut Flowers. A Gardener
having a Market Nursery experience preferred. Good cottage
and garden found. — State particulais, wages, age, married or
single, to M. M., Gardeners' ChroJiicU Otfice, 41, Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C.
a WORKING GARDENER
. as LAUNDRESS for a family. Man's
wages, £ii and cottage. A lad kept. — Hon. and Rev. W.
POKXMAN, Coston Rectory, Sherborne.
WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER.— One who understands his busiuess tho-
roughly, and- whose -Wife can Assist in the House. Good
wagrjs. Good character indispensable. — E. WARD, The
Mount, Shortlands, Kent.
ANTED, A SINGLE-HANDED GAR-
DENER, between 25 and 30 years of age ; married,
without encumbrance. Thoroughly experienced in the Flower
and Kitcheu Garden ; sober and industrious. Stove and Green-
house, about y^ of an acre in all ; work close together. Wages,
20i. per week, with cottage in the garden. Wife to look after
Poultry. — Apply by letter, or personally, to the HOUSE-
KEEPER, 'Iweed Bank, Sevenoaks Common.
URSERY MANAGING FOREMAN.—
There is now a VACANCY for a really superior MAN.
None others need apply.— Send all particulars to HORTUS,
Gardener^ Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
Nursery Trade.
WANTED, a first-class HEAD FORE-
MAN, for a large Nursery. To a thoroughly practical,
efficient, and capable man, every encouragement will be given.
— Address, in own handwriting, stating age, experience, salary
expected, and references, NUkSERY FOREMAN, Mr. Goad,
34, Camomile Street, London, E.G.
WANTED, in an extensive Market Nursery,
an energetic Man as WORKING FOREMAN.
Must be thoroughly acquainted with the Growth and Propaga-
tion of Roses for pots and cut flower, and able to give a general
supervision to other stock. Only those fully competent need
apply. Wnges 4or. per week, rismg 2i. annually to 60^. All
communications will be treated with the strictest confidence. —
H. y.. Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.
ESSRS. WM. CUTBUSH and SON
REQUIRE, at their Barnet Nurseries, a young MAN
competent to Assist the Foreman in the Propagating Depart-
ment. He must have experience especially in the Propagation
of Soft and Hard-Wooded Ericas, New Holland and Greenhouse
Plants generally, Stc. No one need apply unless their character
will bear the strictest investigation, — Apply, by letter only, to
Higbgate Nurseries, London, N.
ANTED IMMEDIATELY, a young
MAN, for Greenhouse Plants and Ferns. — Reply
stating experience, reference, &c., to THOMAS HEDLEV,
Puttendge Park, Luton, Beds.
TWO or THREE YOUNG MEN, used to
Market Work, may find employment at the Exotic
Nurseries, Waltham Cross, N.
ILLIAM ICETON, Granard Gardens,
Roehampton, is in WANT of a good quick POTT-
ING HAND. Apply personally.
WANTED, a young MAN, quick at Potting
and Tying. One used to Growing for Covent Gardeti
preferred. — C. UOLLINGSWORTH, Firwood Nursery,
Farnborough, Kent.
WAN'^ED, a young MAN, to Assist in the
Houses and Outside. Wages i8j. No bothy. Wesleyan
preferred. State length of experience. — M., 19, Waterloo Place,
North Shields.
ANTED, an APPRENTICE, where he
would have a thorough insight into all branches of
Gardening in a large establishment. — A., Mr. Cooper, Nursery-
man, Basingstoke, Hants.
WANTED, an active young MAN for the
Nursery. Must be willing to attend to Pony. Wages
i6.r. per week to start with.— T, JANNOCH, Lily Nursery,
Dersingham, Norfolk,
September 29, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
41^
WANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN.
Must have had experience and unexceptional character.
— T. B. THOMSON, HiRh Street, Birmingham.
ANTED, a WAREHOUSEMAN.
Must be thoroughly experienced, and well able to take
entire charpe— pack orders, &c. Also a WAREHOUSE
PORTER WANTED.-HY. CLARKE and SONS, 39, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
WANTED, a PACKER, one accustomed to
Pack Plants of all sorts. — Applicants to state age,
experience, and wages expected, to IRELAND and THOM-
SON, 20, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh-
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders s/iould
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.
JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn, W.C.
RICHARD SMITH AND CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
ihey will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
"P G. HENDERSON AND SON
J— ^ • have always in their employ a number of selected men
of tested ability and good character waiting re-engagements
as HEAD GARDENERS. GARDENERS and BAILIFFS,
FORE.MEN, and JOURNEYMEN, of various qualifications,
to suit any requirement, and would be pleased to send full par-
ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requirmg such. — Pine-
apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, Garston, wibh to
inform any Nobleman or Gentleman who may be in want of a
first-rate man as GARDENER, or GARDENER and
BAILIFF, that they are at present in a position to recommend
an exceptionally good man.
ORCHID GROWER, or HEAD
GARDENER.— Age 30, married : thoroughly experi-
enced in all branches of the profession. Five and a half years'
good character. — C. R., i, Canterbury Road, Stanstead Road,
Catford, S.E.
GARDENER (Head), where two or more
are kept. — Can be well recommended from present em-
ployer. Eight years' character. — T. JINKS, Abbey Manor
Gardens, Evesham.
GARDENER (Head), where two or three
are kept. — Age 28, married when suited ; fourteen years'
practical experience in all branches. Good references.—
GARDENER, Sianden Manor, Hungerford, Berks.
GARDENER (Head). —Thoroughly prac-
tical in all branches, or to Grow for Market : also Land
and Stock. Wife good Dairywoman. Seven years' character.
— E. NASH, Parsonage Road, Beckington, Bath.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married ;
twenty-four years' practical experience in Noblemen's and
Gentlemen's establishments. Excellent reference from present
employer. — C. CHAPLIN, The Gardens, Jersey House,
Withington, Manchester.
GARDENER (Head).— Wm. Alexander,
for nearly five years Gardener to Sir Hugh Dalrymple,
Bart., Luchie, leaves in October, and is desirous of securing
another situation in the above capacity.— WM. ALEXANDER,
Luchie Gardens, North Berwick, East Lothian.
GARDENER (Head), where one or two
Others are kept, or good Single-handed, — Seven years'
first-class recommendation from present situation, — Apply in
first instance to Mr. GRIBBLE, The Gardens, Canon Hill,
Maidenhead.
GARDENER (Head).— Married ; two chil-
dren. Fourteen years' practical experience in all branches
of the profession. Early and Late Forching. Disengaged through
Gentleman leaving establishment. Four years' character. —
G. LAYGELL, Remenham Hill, Henley-on-Thames.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 30, married;
thoroughly skilled in all the various branches of the profes-
sion. Excellent character from late and previous employers. —
M., Mr. Levus, Gardener, Cwm-Avon, Taibach, Glamorgan-
shire.
ARDENER (Head).— Thomas Ward, for
eight years Gardener to Mrs. Egerton, Aldwarke Hall,
is desirous of securing another situation in the above capacity.
—THOMAS WARD, The Gardens, Aldwarke Hall, Rother-
ham, Yorkshire.
(^ARDENER (Head Working), where two
VJ or more are kept.— Age 33, married; thoroughly com-
petent. Six years m last situation. Left through breaking up of
establishment.— N. WOOD, Keelby, Ulceby, Lincolnshire.
r^ARDENER (Head Working); age 35,
V^ married, one child.— Geo. Henderson, Head Gardener,
Wmter Gardens, New Brighton, Cheshire, begs to offer his
services to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical man.
r:j.ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32,
V^ married, no family ; sixteen years' experience in all
branches. Excellent testimonials for character and ability.—
A., 59, Church Hill, Hackney, E.
GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three are kept. — Age 31, single ; respect.Tble. Well
experienced in Glass Work and General Gardening. Good
references.—S. HUMPHRIES, Royal Horticultural Society's
Gardens, Chiswick, S.W.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29 ;
fifteen years' experience with Vines, Pines, Melons ;
Cucumber Grower and Kitchen Gardener. Good character
from present employer. Four years in present situation. —
S. SMITH, Osbaston Hall, Hinckley, Leicestershire.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40;
thoroughly practical in Vines, Plants, Fruit, Kitchen, and
Flower Garden. Seven years' excellent ch.iracler. Wife under-
stands Dairy or Laundry.— GARDENER A,, Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
GARDENER (Head Working), where
three or more are kept. — Age 28, married, one child.— J.
Smith, late Gardener to the Countess of Norbury, desires re-
engagement as above. Understands his work ; also Manage-
ment of Grass Land, and Cows. — Ventnor Villa, East Road,
Kingbton-on-Thames.
GARDENER (Head Working), where
two or more are kept. — Married, no family ; thoroughly
experienced in the Early and Late Forcing of Grapes, Peaches,
Cucumbers, and Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and
the general routine of Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good
character.- S. W., Chapel Lane, Hillingdon, Middlesex.
GARDENER (Head Working, or good
Single-handed) —Age 28 : understands Fruit Growing
in all its branches, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Has
been in some of the best places in England. Two years' good
character.— B. MARTIN, Knight's Hill, Lower Norwood,
Surrey.
GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.—
Mr. B. Beale. Gardener to E. A. Hambro, Esq., Hayes
Place, Hayes, Beckenham. Kent, can with every confidence
recommend his Foreman, Charles BUck, who has been with him
two and a half years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the
service of a thorough good Gardener. First-class character and
testimonials.
GARDENER (Head or Single-handed).
— Age 38, married, no family. Thoroughly practical in
every branch, including Forcing. Twenty-four years' experi-
ence.— M. C, 75, Taunton Road, Lee Green, Kent.
GARDENER. — Age 30, married ; well up
in all branches of the profession. Can be highly recom-
mended.—G. F. B., Mr. E. Bennett, The Vineyard. Potter's
Bar, N.
GARDENER, in the House, under a Fore-
man in a Nobleman's establishment, or SECOND
hand where there are two or three kept.— Age 21 ; five
years' good character from last situation, wheie Advertiser has
had a good deal of experience in the houses, — W. P., Curtis,
Sandford & Co., Devon Roseries, Torquay.
GARDENER (Single-handed), where help
is given, or as FOREMAN, or SECOND. — Well
recommended by present employer, who only parts with h'm in
consequence of altering estabhihrnenL- F. WOOLMINGTON,
Barwick, Yeovil, Somerset.
GARDENER (Single-handed, or where
help is given).— Age 26, married, one child ; good
character— M. G.. Aston-le- Walls. Byfield, North Hants,
GARDENER (Single-handed, or where
help is given). — Age 23, single ; has a general knowledge
of the profession. Good recommendations.— C. W,, 13, Uver-
dale Road, King's Road. Chelsea, S.W
GARDENER (good SINGLE-HANDED, or
otherwise).— Age 26, single ; understands Vines, Peaches,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can be well recommended. —
C. EDWARDS, Loftus in Cleveland, Yorks.
GARDENER (Second, or good Single-
handed). — Age 23 ; ten years' experience in all branches.
Good character.— EDWARD ASHDOWN, Seal, near Seven-
oaks. Kent.
GARDENER (Second), in a Nobleman's or
Gentlemen's Garden. — Age 20 ; four years* eood
character. In the houses preferred.— A. SAIT, St. Catherine's,
Guildford, Surrey.
GARDENER (Second), in the Houses.
—Age 23. Six years' good character. State wages and
particulars to GEO. MARJORAM, Melbourne Nursery,
Anerley Road, Anerley, S.E.
C ^ARDENER (Under), in a good establish-
-^ ment, either in the Houses or Outside. — Age 26 ; good
references.- J. E,, 6g, Queen's Crescent. Haverstock Hdl, N.W.
C:i ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's
^ Garden.— Age 21 ; good references. — W. COOK; 45,
Zenor Road, Balham, Suirey.
GARDENER (Under). -^Age 19; has had
some experience both in Greenhouses and Kitchen
Garden. Good character.— G. WOODARD, 9, Whiteley Road,
Upper Norwood, S.E.
FOREMAN. — G. Fletcher, Gardener to
W. Hargreaves, Esq , Moss Bank, Bolton, wishes to
recommend a young man. Well up in his work. -^ For
particulars address as above.
Tj^OREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age
-I- 27 ; thirteen years' experience. Two years in last situa-
tion as above. Good reference.— W. H., Stone's Library
510, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. '
PpOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
»~ establishment.— Age 24 ; has had ten years' experience.
Total abstainer. Good character.— JOHN YULL, J. YuU,
The Nursery, Briston, Dereham, Norfolk.
T^OREMAN, where several are kept.— Age 22 ;
-L well up in General Work, Forcing, and Kitchen Garden
Management. ExcfUent reference. —■WILLIAM I£FF£RI£S.
The Gardens. Barrow Point' Pldncr. -"""P.' '. rr> *■ ■
'\
FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a Nobleman's
or Gentleman's establishment. — Age 24 ; leven and a
half years' experience. Good character from past and present
situation.— G. WING, Dunchurch, Rugby.
Tj^OREMAN, or good SECOND, in a Noble-
-JL man's or Gentleman's Garden. — Ten years' experience in
all branchts including House and Table Decorations. Good
character and first-class testimonials.— H. RICHARDSON,
7, Park Cottages, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex.
PROPAGATOR.— Age 24 ; has a good know-
ledge of Stove and Greenhouse Propa(;ation. also Kern
Raising and Growing. Good references. — E. WARDEN,
Messrs. Gregory & Evans, Sidcup. Kent.
To Nurserymen and Growers.
PROPAGATOR (Indoors).— Age 24; ten
years' practical experience in pot Roses, Clematis, Rho-
dodendrons, Coniferx, and general Hard and Soft- wooded stuff,
first-rate at Bouquets and Wreaths. Good Salesman. Excel-
lent refereiices. — Apply, stating wages, to E. G. W., The
Gardens, Peasmarsh Place, Sussex.
To Nurserymen.
PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Plants
for Market.— A, L., 40, Quick Road, Chiswick,
ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24 ;
ten years' experience in Propagating and Growing Soft-
wooded Plants. Well recommended.— H. EDEN, 12, York
Street, Butts, Coventry.
ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 22 ;
good knowledge of Anthurium, Alocasia, Bouvardia,
Fuchsia, Geranium. &c. ; also experienced in Orchids.
Permanency required. — S. W., Moulsey Cottage, Creek Road,
East Moulsey, Surrey.
GROWER, In and Outdoor. — Foreigner ;
seven years' good experience; well understands
Stove Plants, &c. Good written characters, and good reference
from last employer. — A. SCHMITZ, 9, De Beauvoir Square, N.
JOURNEYMAN (First), in a Nobleman's
^ or Gentleman's establishment, where Gardening is carried
on with spirit. — Age 23 ; good references from present and past
employers.- J. HORNE, Mr. H. Clark, Blenheim Palace
Gardens, Woodstock.
JOURNEYMAN, or FOREMAN in the
%J Houses. — Age 23 ; eight years' experience. Four years
in last situation in a good establishment. — A. B. C , 3, Walker
Street, Hcoker&brook, Chester.
'■PO GENTLEMEN and GI^OWERS for
-i- MARKET. — Mr. W. CALEcan recommend a thoroughly
competent man of many years' experience to Manage a Large
Place, and Grow for Market, Fruit, Tomatos, Cucumbers,
Orchids, and Plants for Cut Flowers, &c. — 4, Tavistock Row,
Covent Garden, W.C.
To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
ASSISTANT. — Several years' experience in
above. First-class references. — J. B. A., 3, Walmer
Street, Moorfields, Hereford.
HOPMAN,MANAGEK, or TRAVELLER.
—Long experience in best Houses in London and Pro-
vinces, Good connection in best districts in England among
Landed Gentry and Farmers. Permanent situation Country
preferred — W,, Mr. Baker, Seedsman, Market Hall, Chester.'
To the Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN, or could MANAGE Branch
Business. — Age 22 ; well up in all departments. Ei^ht
and a half years' experience. Excellent testimonials. —ALPHA,
Messrs. Nutting & Sons, 6j, Barbican, London, E.
HOPMAN (Head), or SECOND in a good
House. — Age 23 ; eight years' experience. Highly recom-
mended,—A. B.,354, Fairfield Terrace, York Road, Wandiworth,
London, S.W.
SHOPMAN.— Age 22 ; well up in the Retail
Seed Trade, with a knowledge of Plants. Six years'
experience. Excellent reference. — B. A., 31, St. George
Square, Tonbridge Road, Maidstone.
SHOPMAN (Second). — Seven years' ex-
perience in two good Scotch houses. Well up in Veget-
able, Farm, and Flower Seeds. Will be strongly recommended.
— C. R., George Stewart, 66, Paisley Road West, Glasgow.
HOPMAN (ASSISTANT). — Age 27; four
years' experience. Thoroughly steady, honest, and trust-
worthy. Well recommended. — ALPHA, 184, Milwood Road,
Heme Hill, London, S.E.
To Seedsmen and Florists.
SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT), or INVOICE
CLERK.— Age zi; respectable. Can offer good refer-
ences, &c.— ALPHA, 91, Fernlea Road, Balham. S.W.
To Nurserymen, &c.
CLERK.— Age 23 ; eight years' experience in
the Nursery and Seed Trade. Good character. — G. Z ,
Gardeners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
OUNTERMAN or otherwise, in Wholesale
or Retail House for the se.ison. Good references.— G. L.,
I, Elysium Row, Fulhara, S.W.
O THE SEED TRADE. — Wanted,
a situation in the - Seed Trade for a youih (age iff).
Near London preferred. — COLLINS BROTHERS, 39,
Waterloo Road. S.E.
HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Impurities of the
Blood. — To ensure health it is absolutely necessary
that the fluids and solids of the human body should. be kept free,
from those impurities which are continually getting admissioft
into the system by imprudent living, unwhulesome surround-
ings, or disordered stomach. The surest way to expel all such
impurities is to take Holloway's Pills, which have the power of
cleansing the blood from all noxious matters, and at the same
time removing any morbid charges which their presence may
have already produced in any organ. Holloway's Pills expel
all humours which taint or impoverish the blood, which they
purify -and invigorate, giving tone to the nerves. They are
appUcable to ftU alike— young or old, robust or delicate.
4i6
THE GARDENERS'- CHRONICLE.
[SEI'tEMBER 29, 1883,
HOT-WATER
SEASON,
18 8 3
STEVEN BROS. & CO.
Have the largest and best stock of Hot-Water Appliances in London. Boilers of every description, Pipes, Connections, Furnace Fittings,
Greenhouse Gearing, and all requisites for the Heating of Conservatories and Hothouses. No. 62.-Star Boiler.
No. 43.— Dome-Top Boiler. Coll Cases.
'^ . -,^,_ -^.^_ ^ ^ , No^l8.-Gold Medal^
Boiler.
No. 28— Terminal End
Boiler.
— (?»
A very economical bjiler
Illustrated PRICE LIST (20th Edition) Free on amplication.
Steven Bros. & Co. {^^trig^ern, 35 & 36, Upper Thames Street, E-C.
With Extended Feeder.
KEITH'S
PRIZE
HYDRAULIC RAMS
and HYDRAULIC
RAM PUMPS,
Self Acting,
For Raising Water, are
the most powerful, most
efficient, and most dur-
able in use.
KEITH'S PATENT HOT-WATER BOILERS.
Can be heightened or lowered, or made to suit any require-
ments. They stand complete in themselves, and require no
building work, being wholly water-jacketed and thus entirely
free from risk by fire. They can be had all sizes, to heat from,
say, a few feet up to 8000 feet of 4-inch pipe each ; are now
in all parts of the world, and are unrivalled as being the best,
most powerful, and most economical Hot-water Boilers in use.
Specimen Extracts from Testimonials :—
From W. Morgan Robbins, Esq., Architect, Il/racomhe,
September 9, 1880.
" T am delighted with your Boiler ; it answers admirably, and
the directors are satisfied that it is one of the best ^25 worth
ever put in the hotel."
Froift Q. C. Chalmers, Garef ens of J dimes Mudie, Esq.,
Broughty Berry ^ September 15, 1880.
" Your Boiler beats all my expectations ; at present one fire
serves for twelve hours, and keeps up a good, steady heat."
From Isaac Holden, Esq., Oak^uorth House, Keighley^ York-
sJiire, Jmie 19. 1881.
"Your Boilers are the best we have tried." (Note: One ot
these. Boilers heats nearly 8oco feet of 4-inch pipe.)
Front Wm. Eraser, Kippen Gardens, Ditnnitig; Perthshire,
December &, 1881.
" I consider your Boiler most efficient ; as for economy, it is
the acme of perfection."
From Rev. James Cardwell, Military Academy, HighlaTids,
Jersey, December 31, 1881.
*' Nothing could be better than the Boiler you sent me ; it
bums all sorts of rubbish, and gives an excellent heat."
From Arthur Booty, Esq.. Rese Villa Nurseries, High
Harrogate, March 22, 1882.
* Your Boiler has exceeded all my expectations ; it will pay
for itself as a fuel saver in a short time. It heats 2000 feet of
4-inch pipe."
Keith's Treatise on " Heating by Artificial Means," post-free,
for twelve stamps. -«• T?' T "P TT ' ^
PATENT MINERAL OIL GAS WORKS, are unrivalled for use in the Country or in the Colonies.
PATENT SECTIONAL HOT-WATER COIL TABLES, have three times the Radiating Surface of any other form of Pipe Coil.
PATENT OPEN FIRE, Ornamental HOT- WATER APPARATUS, combining Warmth, Cheerfulness, Ventilation and Perfect Safety.
JAMES KEITH, GAS. HYDRAULIC and HEATING ENGINEER, LONDON. EDINBURGH, and ARBROATH.
67. HollJorn Viaduct, London, E.C. 120. George St.. Edinburgh. High St.. Arbroath.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, \\th edition, price is.
Price List on application Free,
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED.
MESSENGER & CO.'S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, wltli tlie least obstruction to llgbt and sun, tlie greatest Strength and Rigidity.
The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.
Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.
Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogite, containing over 60 Plates 0/ Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,
Forcing Houses, S^c, recently erected by M. &» Co., for 24 stamps.
MBSSENGBE & COMPANY, L O U GHB O E O U GH^
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher,' at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richakds, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefnars, City of London, m the County of Middlesex, and Publisheti by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, September 29, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow,
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
CstaijlisijetJ i84i.
No. 510.— Vol. XX. {ser.es.} SATURDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1883. j
Registered at the General ) Price 6d.
Post-office as a Newspaper, j PosT-FREE, 5J1/,
CONTENTS.
Apple show the .. .. 442
Acacia dealbata .. .. 4:^7
Amaryllis Belladonna .. 42S
Aiborcium, the .. ,. 444
Aniiido conspicua . . 43S
Aribtolochta labiosa . . 428
iEscuIus sineosis . .. 444
Bamboos . . . . . . 429
Belladonna Lilies
Bulbs, spring, for cool
greenhouses
Caryopteris Mastacan-
thus
Chiswick as it is . .
Clerodendron trichoto-
mum
Colonial notes
Convolvulus minor
Conservatory, the
Crataegus nigra . .
Crocus speciosus . .
Cut flowers in store
Dahlias, single . .
Darlingtonia californica .
Escallunia Phillipiana ..
Exhibition, Nice Inter-
national 417
Florists' flowers . . , . 429
Flowers in season .. 42S
Forestry International
Exhibition
Fruit trees in suburban
nurseries
Fruit tiee borders, crop-
pine
Ft tiit notes
Fiiiit trees, root-pruning
and planting . .
Fruit gaiden, the hardy .
Fruit tree transplanting .
Fungus, resting-spores of
the Lilac
440
430
42J
437
426
430
431
431
440
439
Gardening appointments
Garden notes, Irish
Garden, a Portuguese . .
Gentiana Andrewsi . .
Gorlhea strictiflora
Grapes and vineries
Home correspondence ,.
Ligustfum ovalifoliiim ..
Lisianlhus Russelianus. .
Mushrooms, open air ..
Nerines
New garden plants
Nicotiana al^nis . .
Ophiopogon Jaburrn fol.
aur. var.
Oncidium varicosum
Orchid notes and glean-
ings
Peaches and Nectarines,
late
Pelargoniums, diseased..
Pentas carnea . . ..
Phylloxera laws ..
Plants, garden names
for
,, stakmg of speci-
men
Pleroma Benthamianum .
Potato show statistics . .
Prunus Pissardi ..
Publications received ..
Rhododendron Mar-
chioness. .
Science, pure
Silos
Snails and the fertilisa-
tion of plants ..
Strawberries, autumn-
fruiting . .
Travelling notes ..
Vanda Sanderiana
Weather
439
440
440
437
439
428
4.17
444
43S
437
439
440
444
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Apples. Portraits of various 433—436
Vanda Sanderiana . . . , . . . . . , . , 441
Vinery, the large, at Chiswick 425
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
South Kensirgton. S.W.
NOTICE ! — COMMITTEEb' MEETINGS, Fruit and
Floral, at ii a.m., on TUESDAY NEXT, October 9.
Admissioi] u., which includes entrance to the Great Inter-
national Fisheries Exhibition.
OROUGH of HACKNEY CHRYSAN-
THEMUM SOCIETY.
ROYAL AQUARIUM. WESTMINSTER, WEDNESDAY
and THURSDAY, November 14 and 15. The following
amounts are ofTered in Prizes : —
About SIXTY POUNDS for Cut Blooms.
„ FORTY-FIVE POUNDS for Specimen Plants.
„ TWENTY-SIX POUNDS for Fruits and Vegetables.
,. TWENTY POUNDS for Grapes, &c., &c.
Schedules are now ready, and may be had on application to
WILLIAM HOLMES, Honorary Secretary.
Frampton Park Nursery, Hackney, Loudon, E.
IVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL ASSO-
CIATION'S CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW will be
held in St. George's Hall, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
November 27 and 28 next, when will be offered the following
Prize, open to all England— a TEN GUINEA SILVER CUP
for the best collection of 36 Cut Chrysanthemum blooms, 18
incurved ard rS Japanese, distinct varieties; also upwards of
ONE HUNDRED and SEVENTY POUNDS in PRIZES
for Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Orchids, Ferns, also Fruit in
collections, and single dishes of Pirns. Grapes, Pears, Apples,
&c. Entries close November 21. For Schedules and further
"3rUU:t"Rg?d: Liverpool. JOSEPH GORE. Secretary.
STRAWBERRIES— Next Summer, by
planting now : capital roots, 4.1, per 100 ; td. extra per ico
for delivery by Parcels Post. In a Few Months, by forcing :
plants in pots. 165. per 100. Only the best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
QTRAWBERRY RUNNERS, from 20 choice
*-^ varieties, price 3^^. per 100, izj. td. per <;co. zof. per 1000
Free by Parcels Post. 4J-. per 100. Terms cash. Sample and LIST
free.— W. LOVEL and SON. Strawberry Growers. Driffield.
r^ARNATION, " MARY MORRIS."
^^. Plants now ready for delivery.
First class Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
1882. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, of
great size, very full, and of perfect shape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardeners' Chronicle, August 4, i88j, page 146.
Price and all particulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C,
A
FRICAN
TUBEROSES.— JUST
ARRIVED.
TO THE TRADE.— JAMES CARTER,
DUNNETT AND BEALE have just received their first
consignment of AFRICAN TUBEROSES, in splendid condi-
tion, and will be pleased to quote special prices to large buyers
on application.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W-C.
TO THE TRADE.— SPECIAL OFFER.—
BEDDING HYACINTHS in distinct colours, very
line; NAMED HYACINTHS, first quality; DOUBLE
SNOWDROPS, very fine: DOUBLE DAFFODILS, extra
large ; LILIUM CANDIDUM and LILIUM LONGI-
FLORUM. Write for Prices to
JAMES CARTER. DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and
238, High Holborn. London, W.C.
O THE TRADE. — BOUVARDIAS.—
Special low offer of the following :— Alfred Neuoer (double
white), President Garfield (double pink), and Humboldti
corymbiflora. nice vigorous stuff, in 6o's and 48"s. Write for
prices and sample plant to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETl' and BEALE, 237 and
238, High Holborn, London, W.C.
Specimen Hybrid Rhododendrons.
RB. LAIRD AND SONS (Successors to
• the late Firm of Downie & Laird), have for disposal a
few extra fine specimens of the above in tubs, and well set with
buds. A LIST of the sorts, with heights, will be sent on
application.
Royal Winter Garden. Edinburgh.
FRICAN TUBEROSES.— Our first con-
signment of Bulbs, grown especially for us, are now
arriving in splendid condition. Those who have not placed
their orders, are lespectfuUy recommended nowtodo so without
delay.
HOOPER and CO.. Covent Garden, London, W.C.
A Q U I LE G I A GLAND ULO SA
-i^ (GRIGOR'S, guaranteed true)
Twelve Plants of this beautiful Columbine, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kingdom, at ds. per
dozen. Cash with order.
JOHN GRIGORANoCCThe Nurseries. Forres, N.B.
TVIES — IVIES— IVIES.—
J- Broad and Narrow- leaved, Gold and Silver Variegated,
from pots. gj. per dozen. Six or more, fine healthy plants
(my own selection), delivered free on receipt of Postal Order.
E. CHAMBERLAIN, Nurseryman, i, Pilgrim's Lane,
Hampstead, N.W.
HOICE FLOWERS for WINTER. —
TREE CARNATIONS, Gloire de Nancy, La Belle,
A. Allegati^re, and other fine kinds, strong plants, 4,0s. per loo.
BOUVARDIAS, fine plants, with 15 to 30 shoots, best market
sorts, including AUred Neuner, 40J. per 100.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from \7.s. to 245. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
DOSES ON OWN RO O T S.—
-L^ Best varieties, Red Gloire de Dijon, Baroness Roths-
child, &c., from open ground. Strong plants, free by Parcels
Post, four for 21. td., or -js. per dozen free.
MAIRIS and CO., Weston-in-Gordano, Bristol.
LARGE SPECIMEN~CA~MELLIAS
for Sale, to make room. LIST on application to
E. COOLING, Derby.
To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c!
A CATTANEO, Commission Salesman,
-^^ • 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Garden,
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.
ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
ANTED, 25,000 CUTTINGS
of carnations, PICOTEES, yellow grounds,
salmon-purple, rose, pure white and pink CLOVES. State
price per loo and looo for cash, or EXCHANGE CUTTINGS
or PLANTS to same value of Mrs. Sinkins.
W. WEALE, Taplow, Bucks.
Notice to Senders.
WANTED, PEACHES. PINES, NEC-
TARINES, GRAPES, TOMATOS, &c. Also
Marichal Niel and other ROSES : STEPHANOTIS. TUBE-
ROSES, EUCHARIS, GARDENIAS. &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, W.C.
To Potato Growers.
WANTED, White Elephant, Beauty of
Hebron and Readug Hero POTATOS, any quantity.
Quote lowest price and full particulars for Cash, to
C. FIDLEK, Poteto Grower, &c., Reading.
New Catalogues.
CHARLES TURNER'S New Descriptive
CATALOGUES for the season are now ready, com-
prising Roses. Fruit Trees, and all kinds of Hardy Trees and
Shrubs; also Carnations, Picotees, Auriculas, and other
Florist Flowers, Bulbs, &c.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
T MA N TOPHYLLUM S.
J~ Fresh Seeds, hybridised from the sorts with large flowers,
per dozen, 5J. ; per 100, 30J. ; per 1000, ,^610.
Foiwarded free by post to all parts of the world for cash.
ED. PYNAERT, Ghent, Belgium.
Q URPLUS STOCK.— Handsome and Choice
O Evergreen and Deciduous TREES for Avenues, Parks,
Gardens, Streets, &c. Very good and cheap. LIST free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
LATANIA BORBONICA. —Special offer
of Latania borbonica, one of the best varieties, in small
6o-pots, splendid stuff, four to five leaves, ready for 48-size pots,
at 25J. per too.
E. DENSON AND CO., Nurserymen, Brockley, London. S.E.
P" ~HEASANT-EYED NARCISSUS.— Bulbs
of this sweet-scented Narcissus 10^. per bushel, 6j. per
J^ bushel, 3^. td, per peck. Special offer for quantities over
5 bushels. Cash with order. Package free.
W. R. ALDERSON, Bell Farm, Hersham, Surrey.
Tea Roaes-Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses m pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. LiverpooL
REEFERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plant?, being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen, Worcester.
H. VERTEGANS' Descriptive Pocket
• CATALOGUE of Alpines and Hardy Perennials
post-free on application.
Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus. Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
Until the Stock Is Exhausted,
CHARLES NOBLE will supply the finest
forcing clumps of crowns ever ofT.;red of : —
SPIR.'KA PALMATA, at rss. and 2oj. per loo.
„ JAPONICA, 121. 6rf. per 100.
Orders with cash or reference should be sentat once. — Eagshot,
Auriculas, Carnations, and Picotees.
EORGE RUDD'S LIST
now ready. Address,
UodercIiSe, Bradford, Vorkshire.
HENRI JACOBY GERANIUM.-2000 for
SALE, out of stores, 20*. per 100; will make good
plants for next spring.
SOLANUMS. in 48'i, coloured berries, ds. per dozen.
W. AND J. BROWN, Stamford.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer GLADIOLI SPIKES, DAHLIAS, single and
double; PYRETHRUMS, single and double; PHLOXES and
TEA ROSES ; CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA SEED.
CATALOGUES gratis and post-free.
Orchids, Bulbs, Lilies.
THE NEW PLANT and BULB COM-
PANY. Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64, containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
Deutzla gracilis.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries. Ottershaw, Chertsey.
Prize Coti Filbert Trees.
i^ENTLEMEN desirous of obtaining
VT the true WEBB'S PRIZK COB FILBERT TREES.
for delivery in October and November, should now send their
orders to Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., Calcoi Gardens, Reading,
of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on application.
Special Culture of
FRUIT TREES and ROSES.— A large and
select stock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The DcFCiiptive CATALOGUE of Roses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgt-
worth, Herts.
G
4i8
THE GARDENERS' ■ CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Dutcli Flower Roots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past iz o'CIock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS.
m all colours: TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Monday Next.— (Sale No. 6481.)
IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, by order ot Messrs. Shuitleworth,
Carder & Co., on MONDAY NEXT, October 8. at balf-past
13 o'clock precisely, IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED
ORCHIDS in the best of condition, comprising the following
varieties :— Odontoglossum cnspum (Ale-xandias), O. Pescatorei,
O. Phaisenopsis, O. vexillarium, Paphinia cristata, Cattleya
Dowiana, C, aurea, Masdevallia Harryana, M. Shuttlewerthii,
M, cucuUata (new and rare), M. Macrura, Batemannia Burtii,
BoUeasp., Oncidiums, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday NeKt.-(Sa!e No. 6485 )
IMPORTED ORCHIDS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent
Garden, W.C, by order of Messrs. F. Horsman & Co., on
THURSDAY NEXT, October ii, a consignment of unusually
large masses of LiELIA ANCEPS, L. AUTUMNALIS, L.
ALBIDA, EPIDENDRUM VITELLINUM MAJUS.
ODONTOGLOSSUM CERVANTESI. O. NEBULOSUM '
also a fine lot of CATTLEYA ELDORADO SPLENDENS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next. — (Sale No. 6485.)
CYPRIPEDIUM MAULEI (true).
MR. J. C STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
October 11, eighteen good established plants of the true
CYPRIPEDIUM MAULEI, from BristolT
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Specimen Orchids In Flower.
MR. J. C. bTEVENS will include in his SALE
at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden,
W.C, on THURSDAY, October n. 12 splendid specimen
plants of ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI in bloom,
some with ninety-four flowers on one bulb; i grand spotted
variety of O. ALEXANDR.(E, and a fine specimen O. ALEX-
ANDRiE with fifty flowers.
On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next— {Sale No. 6485.)
VANDA SANDERIANA.
PHAL.ENOPSIS INTERMEDIA PORTEL
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. ^8. King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, October ii,
at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co , a grand lot of VANDA SANDfcRIANA, of
various sizes, amongst them a marvellous mass with eight
growths and ninety leaves, measuring 2 feet 10 inches across.
The splendid specimen in flower in the collection of William
Lee, Etq., Downside, Lealherhead, formed a part of the same
importation as the plant now offered, every one of which has
sound, healthy roots made in this country, and leaves which
would not be easily surpassed in established collections. It
would not be easy to form a conception of the great beauty of
this splendid species as seen in its native habitat, but one of the
plants offered, with six old tlower-spikes, will give amateurs an
idea of what it must be when in perfection. Collector saw up-
wards of seventy flowers on small plants. At same time will be
offered two AERIDES found growing m the locality of Vanda
Sandeiiana. not seen in flower by Collector ; an establishe
plant of PHAL./ENOPSIS INTERMEDIA PORTEI.
VAN DA CCE RULE A, in flower and bud.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Important Sale of Established Orchids.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from Charles Dorman, Esq.. of The Firs, Lawrie
Park. Sydenham, to SELL by AUCTION.at his Great Rooms
38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY,
October 11. at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, about 200 lots of
CHOICE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from his well known
CO lections, comprising, amongst other fine things, good plants
of :—
Angrsecum eburneum
Cattleya aurea
Cattleya Alexandrae
Caiileya exoniensis
Catt'eya Sanderiana
Cattleya Skinneri alba
Cattleya Trianse Backhousiana
Cattleya ditto eboracensis
Cattleya ditto Dodgsoni
Ccelogyne Cummingii
CoeloKyne Massangeana
Oncidium curtum
Lycaste Skinneri alba
Ms^devallia Harryana Mar-
shalli
Dendrobium Ainsworthii
Odontoglossum Audersonia-
num
Odontoglossum Krameri
Odontoglossum Ruckerianum
Odontoglossum Wilckeanum
Phaius tuberculosus
Epidendrum Wallisii
Miltonia Warscewiczella sethe-
rea
Cyprjpedium Schlimii
Cypripedium Spicerianum
Laelia anceps rosea
Laelia anceps alba
Lselia anceps Dawsoni
Lselia elegans alba
Masdevallia Veitchii grandi-
flora
Dendrobium Brymerianum ;
and Dendrobium Nobile
Nobilius, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Established Orchids from a Private Collection.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King
Street, Covent Garden. W.C. on THURSDAY. October u
about 50 lots of good ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from a
private Collection, including Odontoglossums, Lycastes, Mas-
devallias, Cypripediums, Laslias, and Cattleyas in variety, &c.
On. view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Highly Important Sale of Specimen Camellias,
AZALEAS. PALMS, &c.
MR. J. C STEVENS has been favoured
with instructions from Hermann Rucker, Esq., to cfTer
for SALE by AUCTION, without reserve, on the Premises.
West Hill, Waniiswortli, on TUESDAY, October i6, and
following days, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, the entire
COLLECTION of PLANTS formed by the late Sigismund
Rucker, Esq. The collection is general, and comprises about
200 of the finest Camellias in the country, all beautifully set
with bloom ; about 200 Azaleas, fine Palms, Tree and other
Ferns: a fine collection of Neiines. large Myrtles in tubs
Stove Plants, and a few good ORCHIDS; also GARDEN
SEATS and CHAIRS, VASES, and PEDESTALS. CHINA
POTS and STANDS, SLATE TUBS, BELL GLASSES.
GARDEN TOOLS, &c.
On view the day prior and mornings of Sale, and Catalogues
had on the Premises, and of Mr. J. C. STEVENS, Auctioneer
and Valuer, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Alteration of Date, from October 11 to October 18.
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, the Properly of a
NOBLEIMAN.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C. , on THURSDAY, OCTOBER 18,
instead of October ir, as previously announced, a small COL-
LECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including a few specimen Azaleas, Dracsenas, Pandanus,
Euphorbias, Adiantums, Ficus elastica, &c., all clean and well-
grown, the property of a Nobleman.
On view morning cf Sale, and Catalogues had.
Established Orchids.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from J. Grimshaw, Esq., of Leeds, to offer for
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, October 2i, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, his entire COLLECTION of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising about 800 plants,
including specimen Vandas, Dendrobiums, Cmlogynes, and
Cattleyas ; Stanhopea Wardianum, in bloom : Phalwnopsis
amabilis, with spikes ; some of the finest Cattleya MossiK and
Trianee ever flowered, C. speciosissima in sheath, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Dutcb Bulbs.— Great Unreserved Sales,
Every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE .4ND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Hol-
land, in lois to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Tuesday Next.
Unreserved Sale of a small but well-grown COLLECTION of
CHOICE ESTABLISHED ORCHID.S, the stock of a
Gentleman who is giving up their cultivation.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include the above in their SALE, to take place at
the Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.G., on TUES-
DAY NEXT, October 9, to commence sharp at half-past t2
o'clock. The collection includes some fine species of PHAL^-
NOPSIS AMABILIS, SCHILLERIANA and GRANDI-
FLORA ; also CATTLEYA DOWIANA, C. AUREA, C.
SCHILLERIANA. C. MAXIMA. C. TRIAN^ C ELDO-
RADO. C. MENDELII, C. SUPERBA SPLENDENS, C
GIGAS IMPERIALIS. a magnificent variety; MASDE-
VALLIA DAVISII, VEITCHII. AMABILIS. L^LIA
HARPOPHYLLA, AUTUMNALIS, and PURPURATA;
several fine pieces and superb varieties of ODONTOGLOS-
SUM ALEXANDR/E. O. TRIUMPHANS, O. HALLI,
O. RAOIATUM, O. MADRENSE. CCELOGYNE CRIS-
TATA, VANDA GIG.*NTKA and TERES, LYCASTE
FULVESCENS, ONCIDIUM FORBESII. &c
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and S
New Broad Street, E.C.
Wey bridge.
About a mile from Weybridge or Walton Stations.
GREAT UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of weU-
grown NURSERY STOCK, the Land bemg required for
Building Purposes.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Oat-
lands Park Nursery, Wevbridge, Surrey, on TUESDAY and
WEDNESDAY, October 9 and 10, at 12 o'CIock precisely each
day, by order of Mr. Henry Chapman, about 6 Acres of
unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK, lotted to suit the
Trade and other large Buyers, including 9000 Portugal Laurels,
1 to 5 feet; 8300 Laurels. 4 inches to 3 feet; iioo Green
Hollies; 2000 Weymouih Pines, i to 7 feet; 1500 English
Yews, I to 4 feet ; large quantities of Cupressus, Thuias, and
Thuiopsis of sorts ; thousands of small Cooiferae tor growing-on,
comprising 6o;o Relinosporas of sorts, 4000 green and varie-
gated Euonymus, 7000 seedUng Hollies, 2-yr. transplanted;
15,000 Spruce Firs, 6 inches to 3 feet; 5:00 Privet, 6 inches to
4 feet; 3000 Limes, 3 to 10 fett ; an assortment of specimen
Coniferje and Evergreen Shrubs in the borders ; 1400 Forest
Trees of sorts ; and large quantities of other Stock, too numer-
ous to mention. Alsoa variety of GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including 400 Maidenhair Ferns in 48-pots, and 50 specimen
Azalea indica, 1}^ to 3 feet.
The Stock may now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on
the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside. and 8, New Broad Street. E.C.
N.B. — Goods may be transmitted from Weybridge station to
all parts. Purchasers may arrange with Mr. Chapman to have
their lots taken up and conveyed to the station at the cost of
labour and time incurred.
Lower Norwood, S.E.
ANNUAL SALE of choice established ORCHIDS. CAMEL-
LIAS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, and
NURSERY STOCK.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Castle
Nursery. Lower Norwood. S E., close to the Station, en
THURSDAY NEXT. October it. at 12 o'CIock precisely, by
order ot Mr. Henry James, a selection of beautilully-grown
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including a fine lot of Odonto-
glossums and rare M.i,sdevallias. Cattleyas, Phat«enopbis, Den-
drobiums, Cypripediums, Oncidiums, and amongst them will be
found several specially fine pieces and varieties ; an assortment
of young and clean grown STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, specimen Azaleas and Camellias to name, specimen
Ferns, Crotons. and Dracanas. and a variety of ORNA-
MENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. FRUIT TREES, &c.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Tuesday Next.
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include in their SALE, at their Central Auction
Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C , on TUESDAY NEXT, by
order of Mr. F. Sai:der, a SELECTION of ESTAIiLISHED
ORCHIDS, amongst which will be found several very fine and
valuable species.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street. E.C.
Friday Next.
CATTLEYA SANDERIANA.
ONCIDIUM ORIENIALE.
ODONTOGLOSSUM BREVIFOLIUM.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'CIock, a magnifi-
cent importation of CATTLEYA S.'\NDERIANA, figured in
last week's Gardeners' Chronicle ; also a splendid lot of
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR,E, the lovely ONCI-
DIUM ORIENTALE, a fine lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM
BREVIFOLIUM, and other ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and
8. New Broad Street. E.C.
Westboiirne Nursery, Harrow Road, W.
ENTIRELY WITHOUT RESERVE.
CLEARANCE SALE of WINTER and SPRING BLOOM-
ING PLANTS, PALMS, &c., in consequence of Messrs.
Woodroffe & Sons being about to Let the Land for Building
Purposes.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises
as above, about five minutes' walk from Westbourne Park Station,
on FRIDAY NEXT. October 12. at 12 o'CIock precisely. 10,000
GENISTAS, 3000 Double PRIMULAS, icoo CHRYSAN-
THEMUMS. 1000 HYDRANGEAS, fine ADIANTUM
CUNEATUM, Red and White BOUVARUIAS, AZALEAS
well set, a quantity of DRACAENA CONGESTA and RUBRA,
FICUS ELASTICA, CYCLAMEN, LATANIA BOR-
BONICA, and other PALMS ; 500 CALLA A:tHI0PICA.
4000 ALOYSIAS, Golden and Green EUONYMUS, in pots ;
extra large GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, and other stcck.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, of
the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad
Street, E C.
N.K.— The whole of the GREENHOUSES, PITS,
FRAMES. CARTS, and numerous Effects will be SOLD by
AUCTION, on the Premises, on THURSDAY, October 25,
full particulars of which will be duly advertised.
Lewisliam, S.E.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE ot FERNS and
WINTER.FLOWERING PLANTS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Richard Biggs to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Lewisham, S.E.,
a few minutes' walk from Ladywell and Lewisham Stations, on
TUESDAY, October i6. at 12 o'CIock precisely (in consequence
of the large number of lots), 50,000 Maidenhair FERNS, 2000
ditto in 24 and 32-pots, 4000 ia 48-pots, many thousands of
PTERIS ARGVREA, ARISTATA ALBO - LINEATA.
5000 LOMARIA GIBBA (best variety) ; also ADIANTUM
FARLKYENSE, BAUSEI, SCUTUM, INSIGNIS,
GRACILLIMUM, &c. ; GYMNOGRAMMAS of sorts,
TODE AS, &c. . grown and lottsd especially for the Trade ;
also 500 CAMELLIAS, mostly white ; 500 AZALEAS,
including several large specimen whites ; BOUVARDIAS,
HYEMALIS and oiher HEATHS, EUCHARIS AMA-
ZONICA and CANDIDA, PALMS, DRACENAS, FICUS,
2000 Winter-flowering CARNATIONS, 2000 CINERARIAS,
1000 specimen CHRVSANTHEMUMS, PRIMULAS, Border
SHRUBS, and other Stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, and
67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C.
Eallag, W.—Hlglily Important Sale, -wlthoutReserve.
EXTENSIVE CLEARANCE SALE of e.'iceptionally well-
grown NURSERY STOCK and FRUIT TREES, by
order of Messrs. Charles Lee & Son.
Important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and others.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nur-
sery, Ealing, Middlesex, W. , about a mile from the station, on
TUESDAY, October i6. and following days, at 12 o'CIock
precisely each day, without reserve, several acres of beautifully
grown NURSERY STOCK, the whole of which has been
carefully prepared for transplanting. Amongst the Stock will
be found a variety of Coniferfe, Evergreen Shrubs, but by far
the larger portion will consist of about 18,000 trained Fruit
Trees, offering an opportunity seldom met with of securing
fine and clean grown trees. They comprise 300D Pyramid
Pears, very fine large fiuiting trees, 6 to 7 feet ; 2000 Standard
Pears, 2000 Standard Apples, 3000 Pyramid Apples, fine fruit-
ing trees, in bearing ; 2000 Horizontal and Fan-trained Pears,
very fine large fruiiing trees; 2000 ditto Apples, 1000 Dwarf-
trained Peaches and Nectarines, very fine ; 2000 ditto Plums,
loco ditto Cherries, 300 Standard Quinces, 2000 Limes and
other Forest Trees, aoco fine Standard Roses, 300 Yucca
gloriosa. and other Stock.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ;
of Messrs. LEE and SON, Royal Vineyard Nursery, Hammer-
smith, W. ; and of thejAuctioneers and Valuers, 8, New Broad
Street. E.G., and 67 and 68, Cheapside, EC.
Lea Bridge Road. £■
UNRESERVED SALE of fine WINTER FLOWERING
HEATHS and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
Expir.it on of Lease.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. John Eraser to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, at Lea Bridge Nurseries,
Leyton, E. (close to New Street Station), on WEDNESDAY,
October 17, at 12 o'CIock precisely, without reserve, many
thousands of Winter Blooming and other HEATHS, remark-
ably well grown, and including HYEMALIS, WILMOREA,
PERSOLUTA ALBA, and others; 1000 EPACRIS of the
choicest kinds: 2000 CYCLAMEN PERSICUM. rooo
GENISTA FRAGRANS, 1000 PRIMULA SINENSIS,
red. white, and double white ; 5C0 Greenhouse FERNS, Tea-
scented and Noisette ROSb.S. SOLANUMS in berrv. 3
quantity of miscellaneous STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, several hundreds ol English-grown CAMELLIAS,
well set with bloom ; 300 early flowering and other CHRYSAN-
THEMUMS ; 400 line double white PRIMULAS in 4S-pots,
200 Mar^chal Niel and other ROSES, from 7 to 10 feet; a
large quantity of fine plants of AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII,
CLEMATIS JACKMANNI ; also a healthy lot of Seedling
CONlFERyE, including CUPRESSUS, ABIES, CEDRUS,
WELLINGTONIA, and other stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.C.
October 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
419
Preliminary Notice of
FORTHCOMING SALES of NURSERY STOCK.
MESSRS. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce th'; followine Sales : —
OCT. 23. — SALE of GLASS ERECTIONS and STOCK-in-
TRADK, at the Stone Grove Nursery, Edgware.
OCT. 23 and 24.— SALE of NURSERY SlOCK at Eves'
Nursery, Gravesend, by order of the Executrix of the
late Mr. Thomas Eves.
OCT. 25.— SALE of GLASS ERECTIONS at the West-
bourne Nursery, Harrow Road.
OCT. 30.— CLEARANCE SALE of beautifully grown NUR-
SERY S TOCK, at ihe Nv-rseiy, Coventry, including a
splendid lot of variegated Hollies
NOV. 6.— SALE of NURSERY STOCK at the Manor Road
Nursery, Lee, by order of Mr. North
NOV. 6 to 9 -GREAT SALE of NURSERY STOCK, at
the Milford Nurseries, Godalming, by order of Mr.
Maurice Young.
NOV. 7 and 8,— IMPORTANT CLEARANCE SALE of
NURSERY STOCK, at the Eaton Nurseries,
Norwich, by order of Messrs. Ewing & Co., who are
giving up the Nursery.
Catalogues may be had when ready of the Auctioneers, 67
and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Messrs P. and M. beg to call the special attention of intend-
ing planters to the; e important sales, and will be pleased to entt r
names on the Permanent List for a regular Supply of Catalogues.
TO INTENDING PLANTERS.
EXPIRY OF LEASE.
GREAT CLEARING SALE
OF ABOUT 70 ACRES OF
SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED
FOHEST TREES,
FRUIT TREE STOCKS,
Larffe Ornamental Trees for Immediate
Effect,
FRUIT TREES, &^c,
nnHE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY
-^ COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, have resolved
to CLEAR the ENTIRE STOCK contained in the
Windlestrawlee Nursery, Granlon Road, as they do not
intend to Renew the Lease, which expires next year.
Their other Nurseries, however, will be carried on as
usual. All the Stock not previously disposed of privately
will be
EXPOSED BY PUBLIC AUCTION.
on October 10 and 11, each day at 11 o'Clock, by
Mr. DAVID MITCHELL. Auctioneer.
The plants are of superior quality, and in excellent
condition, the Larches not having been damaged by
spring frosts. The following are the principal items to
be Sold, and Catalogues may be had upon application : —
LARCH, i-yr. Seedling, extra fine.
,, 2-yr. ,, ,,
„ i-yr. „ i-yr. transplanted.
,, i-yr. ,, 2-yr. ,,
.( i-yr. „ I-yr, „
PINE, Black Austrian, several sizes.
„ Cembra, or Swiss Stone, fine plants, recently removed, 2 to
4 feet,
,, Corsican, several sizes.
,, Mountain, various sizes.
FIR, Scotch, true Native, seedlings and transplanted.
,, Silver, Common, several sizes.
SPRUCE, Ncrway, several sizes.
,, Black American, true, several sizes.
And the following, both seedling and transplanted, viz. : —
Thorn ACACIA, Common ALDER, Hoary-leaved ALDER,
Common and Mountain ASH, BEECH, BIRCH, SWEET
BRIER, SEA BUCKTHORN, Spanish and Horse CHEST-
NUT. ELDER, ELM, HAZEL, HORNBEAM. LABUR-
NUM, LIME. MAPLE. OAK, POPLAR, SYCAMORE,
THORN, WHIN or GORSE, and WILLOWS.
FRUIT TREE STOCKS -
APPLE, CHERRY, PEAR and PLUM, seedling and
transplanted.
Alsoa large quantity of RHUBARB ROOTS-Johnstone's
St. Martin's, Victoria, Prince Albert, Early Red, S:c.
When not convenient to attend the Sale orders will be
carefully attended to by the LAWSON SEED and
NURSERY COMPANY, or by the Auctioneer, 6,
Comely Bank, ExJinburgh.
Wonersh Nurserlea, Guildford. Surrey.
THREE DAYS' NURSERY SALE.
MR. H. W. COPUS is instructed by Mr.
W. Virgo to SELL by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY.
THURSDAY, and FRIDAY, October 31, and November i
and 3, a very fine assortment of NURSERY STOCK, com-
prising Dwarf Standard and Climbing Roses, Portugal and
common Laurel, Cupressus Lawsoniana. Retiuospora, Thuias,
Abies Douglasii, Euonymus, Deutzia gracilis, Cotoneaster Sim-
monsi, Pinus austriaca, green and variegated Hollies,
Manelli Stocks. Privet. Sweet Briers, English Yews, Gueldres
Roses, bedded Quicks. Virginian Creepers, 100,002 transplanted
Forest Trees, Mountain and Weeping Ash. Birch, Purple and
common Beech, Horse Chestnut, Enelish Elm. Limes, Balm of
Gilead Fir, Laburnum, Norway Maple, Sumach, Sycamore,
Walnut, Poplar. Black Italian and Abele ; Scarlet Oak, Alder,
Hazel, Larch. English Oak. Spruce and Scotch Fir, Withy t
exira strong Black Currants. Red Currants, and Gooseberries,
Standard and Pyramid Apples, Plums, Medlars, Quince, and
others.
Catalogues in due course, of the Auclionser, 16, Friary Street,
Guildford, Surrey.
SURPLUS STOCK OF
GREENHOUSES, &c.,
compiisii)<j Ornamental Octagon Conservatory,
16 feet diameter ; two Kanges of Lean-to Green-
houses, 45 feet Ijy 30 feet long ; three Summer-
houses ; two Wall-tree Covers, 44 feet and
24 feet long; one Galvanised Iron Lean-to
Greenhouse, 12 feet by 8 feet; one Lean-to
Wood-framed Greenhouse, 20 feet by 10 feet ;
one ditto, 12 feet by 10 feet ; one ditto, 8 feet
by 8 feet ; several 10 feet by 5 feet ; one Span
Conservatory, 12 feet by 8 feet 6 inches ; various
Plant Frames, a large cjuantity of Hand Lights
and Sashes, various becond-hand Boilers, a
small Steam Boiler, tkc, will be
SOLD BY AUCTION,
on TUESDAY, October 9, at 2 o'clock pre-
cisely, at the Anchor Works, Queen Street,
Chelmsford. May be viei.ved/or a week prior /o Sa/e.
Catalogues on application to T. H. P. DENNIS and CO.,
Chelmsford, and Mansion House Buildings, London, K.C.
Trains from Liverpool Street Station to Chelmsford at lo A, M ,
11.12 A.M , and 12.15 ''■M. Return fares :— 1st class, 8s. td. ;
ad, 6s. loti. ; 3d, 5J. 6d,
Tansley Old Nursery, near Matlock. Derbysliire.
SECOND CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY STOCK,
comprising large quantities of Seedling Forest Trees and
Shrubs, Gorse, Broom, &c., for Covert; hardy Shrubs,
Herbaceous Plants, and other Stock.
MR. WM. SHUTES will SELL by AUG-
TION, unreservedly, on the grounds of the Tansley
Old Nursery, in the occupaiion of Mr. Stephen Smith, about
i\i miles from Matlock Bridge Station, Midland Railway, on
TUESDAY. October 16. Sale to commence at 11 o'Clock.
For Cataloguesapply to the Auctioneer, or to Mr. S I'EPHEN
SMITH, 'lansley Old Nursery. Matlock. The lots may be
viewed on Monday, October 15, also early on morning of Sale.
Auctioneer and Val.ier's Office, Matlock Bridge.
Green Lane Nurseries,
Opposite the " Chequers Inn." Horley, Surrey, only a few
minutes' walk from the Railway Station ; 4 miles from
Redhill and Reigate, and 5 from Crawley, on the road from
London to Brighton.
To NURSERYMEN. FLORISTS, and PRIVATE
GROWERS.
MESSRS. W. and H. STAGEY are instructed
to SELL by AUCTION, in the above Nurseries (the
Land being wanted for other purposes), on WEDNESDAY,
October 17. at 11 for la o'Clock, in consequence of the number
of Lots, a hrge quantity of transplanted FOREST TREES,
CONIFERi^, DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL TREES,
and ORNAMENTAL CONIFEROUS TREES ; EVER-
GREEN, DECIDUOUS and FLOWERING SHRUBS;
Hardy CLIMBERS; HEDGE and FENCE PLANTS;
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES : HYBRID PER-
PETUAL ROSES, Tea-scented, Noisette, Bourbon, Standards
and in Pots ; CLEMATIS, and a large quantity of SEED-
LING STOCK.
Catalogues may be had ten days prior to the Sale at the
principal Hotels and Inns in the district : at the place of Sale,
or of Messrs. W. and H. STACEY, Auctioneers and Land
Agents, Redhill, Surrey.
Tansley Nurseries, near Matlock, Derbysliire.
To NOBLEMEN, GENTLEMEN, NURSERYMEN, and
OTHERS.
MR. G. MARSDEN respectfully announces
that he is instructed by Messrs. Samuel and James
Smith to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, at Tansley
Nurseries, near Matlock, on WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY,
and FRIDAY, October 17, 18, and iq, commencing punctually
at II o'clock each day, about 1300 lots of choice and highly
valuable NURSERY S LOCK, consisting of about 300,000
transplanted Rhododendrons of the choicest specimens, growth,
and quality, in upwards of 350 named and common hybrids ;
30,000 Ivies and Laurels, immense lots of Retinospora plumosa
and auiea, in sizes suitable for all purposes ; Cupressus Law-
soniana aurea, Golden Yews, Gold. Silver.and Green Hollies (some
thousands of singly grown specimens, many of large size); choice
specimens of Yew elegantissima, 6 to 10 feet ; Cedrus Deodara,
Aiaucarias in good condition, having been removed within the
past two and three years ; 250.000 Spruce and Larch, immense
quantities of Poplar, Limes, Beech, Chestnut, Ash, Oak, and
othf^r Forest Trees, in great variety.
Catalogues will be ready fourteen days prior to the Sale, and
mav be had on application to Messrs, SAMUEL and JAMES
SMITH, Tansley Nurseries, Matlock; or the Auctioneer,
Wirksworth
On view Monday and Tuesday, October 15 and 16.
TO BE DISPOSED OF, a genuine good
going NURSERY. SEED and FLORIST BUSINESS,
in one of the most fashionable Spaing places in England.
Four acres of Nursery, 8 acres of Meadow, to break up when
required, and about 8000 feet of Glass; large House, and the
usual Outbuildings, with a good large Shop in one of the prin-
cipal streets in town. Good connection. Such an opportunity
seldom met with. Satisfactory reason given for giving up.
For full particulars apply to R. HUTCHINSON, Nursery-
man, Harrogate.
To Seedsmen, Florists, Fruiterers, Greengrocers, &c.
TO BE DISPOSED OF, a genuine and
very successful BUSINESS as above. In present
hands fourteen years. Doing a good class trade in all the
above branches
Addres'-, FLORIST, Ken f Arp-us Office, Ram^gate.
Great Bargain.
FOR SALE, owing to the ill-health of the
proprietor, RUSTIC and FLORIST'S BUSINESS.
Fashionable suburb 8 miles S.E. Many years established.
BETTS AND JOHNSON, Estate Agents, Streatham
Common. S W
O LET, a small NURSERY, comprising
about an Acre, 6 Grtemouses, Pits, and Lights ; also a
Cottaee on same Premises, Also for SALE, a quantity of
LEAF-MOULD.
Apply P. E. BURREE, High Street, Barnes, S.W.
F
FUty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed
BUSINKSSES to be DISPOSED OF.
MESSRS, PKOTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTU UI.TURAL REGISTER conlaiiis full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
8, New Broad Street, EC.
MILLINGTON and CO., English
• -ind FoKtHGN Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead. Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
QTRAWBERRY PLANTS.— Good plant?,
O President, Sir Joseph Paxton, Eleanor, Elton Pine, ^t
per 1000. For cash put on rail.
JOHNSON, Paddock Wood. Kent.
OR SALE, 4 dozen Rivers' Prolific PLUM,
and 4 dozen Celclum Purple, 4 years old.
A, SALES, 2, West Hdl, Downe. Beckenham, Kent.
EUONYMUS PLANTS.— 3000 to offer,
cheap, I foot high, bushy stuff.
G. AMBLER, 36, South Hill Park, Hampstead, N.W.
E A K A L E
for forcinp, ij^ acre.
L V. RF^DING, Springfield Farm, Garret Lane, Lower
Tooling, S.W. ^
To the Trade.
HOME GROWN VEGETABLE ard FIELD SEEDS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special offers of all the varieiies of VEGETABLE
and AGRICULTUAL SEEDS they have grown this season
from choice selected stocks. The quality of the seeds is ex.
cellent, and the prices are very low.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
AND I. BROWN offer the foUowir-.
• at per 100 for cash ;-AMPELOPSIS VEITCH II,
2 feet, in pots, fit for immediate sale. 30J ; CUPI^ E.-,Sb.^
MACROCARPA, 18 inches, 12s.: WELLINGTONIA, 18
inches. 501. : do., 2 to s'/i feet, looj. : BOX. Tree, 2 to 3 feel,
35i. ; CEDARS, Red, 3 feet, 501. ; RASPBERRY, Baumlorth's
beedling, 2C^.
Stamford.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM.— Special offer
of Maidenhair and other Ferns, in 48-size pots, splendid
stuff, at 40s. per ico ; in thumbs, ready for potting. i6s per 100.
E. DENSON AND CO , Nurserymen. Brockley. S-E.
To the Trade only.
EH. KRELAGE and bON, Nursery-
• MEN, Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland.
The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 36^^) of Dutch Flower
Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous rooted Plants
for 1885-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen. Florists, and Seedsmen.
Kent, The Garden of England.
300000 FRUIT TREES in 6co varieties.
GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.
beg to intimate that their stock was never finer, ard
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them-
selves. The New Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps. Reference LIST free.
The Kent Roses do Livf,
Extra weli-rooted stuff, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone.— Established 1796. ^
FOR SALE, magnificent Specimen Hybrid
RHODODENDRONS, of great size, and fine sons;
lift with splendid roots. For particulars apply to
Mr. DAVID MITCHELL, Plant Valuator, 6, Comely
Bank, Edinburgh.
EVER G rTe^E^N ^H^"d G E S.
SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER.
ARBOR VITJE, American, a to 3 feet, 301. per 100 : 3 to 4 (eel,
40J. per IOC.
THUIA LOBBII,3t0 4ft..8oj. per 100 ; 4 to 5 ft. 120s perioc.
HOLLIES, Green, i to iK foot, 50s per -co; iHtosfeet, 4 I.
per 100 : 2 to 3}i feet, 8oj. per loc.
The above have splendid roots and are well grown.
JNO. JEFFERIES and SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.
A LC EC Tar I a S (Herbaceous). — Fine
healthy transplanted Seedlings, from a splendid strain of
beautifully spotted and tigred flowers, is. 6d. per dozen, post-
free. Extra strong plants, 2S. 6d. per dozen, post-free.
DANIELS BROS.,
TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH.
CINERARIAS.— Fine healthy transplanted
Seedlings, from a grand strain of large and brilliantly
coloured flowers, ts. 6d. per dozen, post-free. Extia strong
plants, us. 6d. per dozen, post-free. Beamifully Illustrated
CATALOGUE of Dutch Flower Roots free on apphcation.
DANIELS BBOS,
Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment, Norwlcl-.
SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER of HARDY PERENNIALS,
SUITABLE for PRESENT PLANTING,
CONSISTING of most Useful and Effective
Varieties, principally strong plants from Ground.
Priced LIST Gratis and Post-free upon application.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
FOR SALE, 12 CALANTHE VEITCHII,
12 PHAIUS GRANDIFOLIUS, i large STEPHA-
NOTIS.
S. DAMIL, Gardener, Elsham House, Grantham.
Show Pinks.
MR. THURSTAN, Merridale, Wolver-
hampton, offers his six superb Seedling PINKS for loj'.
the six plants, provided he obtains forty subscribers immediately.
He can also supply, on moderate terms, several selected old
varieties, including Mrs. Thurstan and Boiard, For de&criptioa
see p. 542, Gardetters' Magazine^ October 7, 1882.
"OR~SALE, about 20 Large CAMELLIAS,
height 6 to lo feet, all good varieties, and in excellent
health.
E. COOPF.R, The Gardens, Gopsall, Aiherstone, Leicestershire
420
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
The Largest Rose Grounds in England
CRANSTON'S NURSERIES
(Established 1785).
THE PLANTING SEASON,
Order Early and Plant In October and November.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
Beg to draw the attention of Amateurs and Rose
Growers generally to their immense Stock of
DWARF mid STANDARD
ROSES,
which are unusually fine this season. The
plants, having made very early growth, are now
well ripened, and will be in excellent condition
for transplanting. Plants are grown in every
variety of form, and upon Stocks best adapted
to the habit or constitution of the Rose.
Selections will bo supplied at the following prices,
less 6 per Cent, discount for Cash with Order :—
STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS, superior varieties.
si£. to 24s. per dozen.
DWARFS on MANETTl, superior varieties, gj. to loj. per
dozen.
DWARFS on SEEDLING BRIER and BRIER CUT-
TINGS, superior varieties, \os. to iM. per dozen.
DWARF TEA-SCENTED and NOISETTES, on Seedling
Brier, superior varieties, rsj. to i8f. per dozen.
DWARF HYBRID PERPETUALS, on own roots, 15J, to
\Zs. per dozen.
CLIMBING ROSES, 91. to i2j. per dozen.
NEW FRENCH ROSES for 1883. 3&1. per dozen.
TEA-SCENTED HYBRID PERPETUALS, &c., in 8-inch
pots, specially grown for Forcing, 34J., 301., to 42J. per
dozen.
GARDEN ROSES, suitable for Bedding or Massing. 601.
per zoo.
Special Quotations will be given to Buyers of
Lar^e Qttatitities.
Descriptive Catalogue on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.
(LIMITED),
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.
1883-A BC BULBGUIDE-1883.
THIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
has been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General MISCELLANEOUS BULBS,
very extensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LI LIU MS (perhaps the finest collection of these ever
offered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORUS,TRIL-
LlUMb, PEONIES, the leading and most distinct
varieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.,
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
adapted for Autumn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from iZs. to 36.;. per dozen.
These 'World-famed KOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH PERNS
and SELAOINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER.
EMBHACIHC .\t C. . #■
IN MOST CASES-
FREE BY POST OR RAIL
PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE .
JamesBickson&Sons
I08EASTCATES! 1^"'^^"'"
AMERICAN SEEDS.
^ g«. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °^ MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 1784.
BHOSODENDBONS AND AZAT.EA3.
ADDRESS :—
LANDRETH & SONS,
J PHILADELPHIA.
TREE CARNATIONS.
HEATH & SON
Have a magnificent stock of the above, in 4 and
5-inch pots, just setting with Flower Buds,
of the following varieties : —
METEOR, MODEL, LUCIFER, WHITE SWAN,
ALLEGATIERE, ANDALUSIA. LA BELLE, MINERVA,
NONPAREIL, VESTAL, VULCAN, MISS JOLIFFE,
GARIBALDL
183. per dozen, £6 per 100.
EXOTIC NURSERIES, CHELTENHAM.
N A R C 1 S S U S .
THOMAS S. WARE begs to announce that
he has prepared a SPECIAL OFFER of Leading
Varieties of the above, which may be had upon application.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25J. per 100, or 4^-.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.
Send Four Stamps
for
New Catalogue of
BULBS
RlcMy Illustrated
In colours,
correctly after
Nature.
ISAAC DAVIES k SON
Have the following Plants, in which they abound, to offer
at reduced prices: —
RHODODENDRONS. Hybrid Seedlings, fine plants, a large
proportion well set wiih buds, 2 feet high, as. per
dozen ; aj^ to 3 feet, i8j, ; larger, very fine, 24^., 36^.1
to 42J. per dozen,
,, Seedlings from the best late scarlet and other varieties,
and also from early-blooming kinds, in fair proportions
of each, good bushy plants, lately transplanted, 12 to
15 inches, ^s. per dozen, 505. per 100.
„ Suitable for Potting, Hybrid Seedlings from the choicest
varieties, 15 lo 20 inches, bushy, five to ten buds on
each, 1.-1S. per c^ozen, including in each dozen three
Rhododendron prsecox, well budded.
AZALEA PONTICA, about 18 inches high, bushy, well set
with buds, ts. per dozen; larger, gj., lis, to iS.r.
per dozen,
„ MOLLIS Seedlings, of various colours, nice plants, two to
SIX buds on each. g^. per dozen.
,, MOLLIS Seedlings, about 10 inches, bushy, twice trans-
planted, from the three following varieties, each kept
distinct — viz., Comte de Gomer, Consul Pecher, and
Isabetle Van Houtte, in equal quanCitieB of each,
301. per 100.
Our choice named RHODODENDRONS and AZALEAS
are this season remarkably fine and well budded.
For Description and Prices of these and other Nursery Stock
see our new CATALOGUE, which will be sent to any address
on application.
Brook Lane Nursery, Ormskirk, Lancashire.
DUTCH BULBS,
DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
The FourPence will he returned in the first purchase.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON'S
CHOICE FLOWER BOOTS.
OUR GUINEA PACKAGE
Of Choice Hardy Flower Roots for Spring Gardening, contains
the following well selected first-class sound Bulbs, viz. ; —
36 HYACINTHS, mixed, in distinct colouis.
50 TULIPS, single, early, best mixed.
50 ,, double ,. ,, ,.
30 NARCISSUS. POLYANTHUS, best mixed.
30 ., Incomparable, yellow, double.
50 ANEMONES, double best mixed.
so RANUNCULUS, double, best mixed.
400 CROCUS, in 4 distinct coIouts.
36 GLADIOLUS, best mixed.
50 SNOWDROPS, single.
Half this quantity for lor. 6(f.
Other Collections for Indoor and Spring Gardening at
loj. td.^ 21J., 27J. 6</., 50^., 55^., and icoj.
The above-named Collections may be had from our Agents,
Messrs. M E RTENS and CO. , 5, Billiter Square. London, E.G.,
during the season, against cash payment.
Our complete and revised CATALOGUE for 1883 may be
had Free on application to our Agents or ourselves direct.
Early Orders respectfully requested.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON,
NURSERYMEN. OVERVEEN, near HAARLEM,
HOLLAND.
ALL ORDERS FOR
DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS
CABKIAGE FREE
BY RAIL OR PARCELS POST.
EXTRA QUALITY.
HYACINTHS, choice named sorts . .
, , Early White Roman
TULIPS, best show varieties ..
CROCUS, ten best distinct sorts
JONQUILS, sweet-scented
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, named
BORDER NARCISSUS, in variety . .
ANEIVIONES, fine French varieties . .
RANUNCULUS, Double French
SNOWDROPS, extra large roots
IRIS, German, in best mi.xture . . . ,
SCILLA SIBIRICA, large size
SPIR/EA JAPONICA, for forcing ..
per do2.
per 100
per doz.
per doz.
per 100
per doz.
CHRISTMAS ROSE, strong flowering roots ,
LILIUMS, EARLY GLADIOLUS, AMARYLLIS,
WINTER ACONITE, BEGONIAS,
TUBEROSES, CROWN IMPERIALS, IXIAS, &c.
CATALOGUES FKEE.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY dt SEED COMPANY (Limited),
HEREFORD.
October 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
421
LILIUM HARRISSI
strong Bulb In Open GrovincJ. Medium-sized Bulb in Pot.
TH IS is one of the most valuable introductions of late years for Florists.
The .-ibove representations are taken from Photographs, and prove the statement of the
raiser that thirty to sixty flowers can be produced on one spike. It only requires to be known to be
taken up largely by all who grow flowers for sale. One Florist in the United States, to our
knowledge, will force 5000 bulbs this winter for cut flowers alone. It has been intimated to us that
there are dealers who are sending the common longiflorum to Bermuda and then re-shipping them
as the Bermuda Lily. What we offer, however, -axe. guaranteed true. Our Bulbs run of good size,
and will all produce from three to six flowers, and give two or three ciops from the same bulb.
The plant overflows with vitality. Note that in forcing it should never become pot-bound. The
stock increases easily, and at our exceptional low price will be an excellent investment.
"Wholesale Price, per 100 or 1000, by correspondence.
HOOPER & CO., COVEET &AEDEI, LQNDOI, W.C.
THURSDAY NEXT.-(Sa1e No. 6485.)
VAIDA SAIDERIAIA.
PHAL^IOPSIS INTERMEDIA POETEI.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
October ii, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.,
a grand lot of VAN DA SANDERIANA, of various sizes, amongst them a mar-
vellous mass with eight growths and ninety leaves, measuring 3 feet 10 inches across. The
splendid specimen in flower in the collection of William Lee, Esq., Downside, Leatherhead,
formed a part of the same importation as the plants now offered, every one of which has sound
healthy roots made in this country, and leaves which could not be easily surpassed in an estab-
lished collection. It would not be easy to form a conception of the great beauty of this splendid
species as seen in its native habitat, but one of the plants offered with six old flower-spikes will
give amateurs an idea of what it must be when in perfection. Collector saw upwards of seventy
flowers on small plants. At same time will be offered two AERIDES, found growing in the
locality of Vanda Sanderiana, not seen in flower by Collector ; an established plant of PHAL^E-
NOPSIS INTERMEDIA PORTEI, VANDA CCERULEA in flower and bud.
On view mortiing of Sale, arid Catalogues )iad.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS.
JAMES VEITGH & SONS
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY,
CHELSEA, S.W.
HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUS,
and other Bulbs of superior quality,
VEITCH'S CHOICE
EXHIBITION HYACINTHS,
Selected from J. V. & Sons' Magnificent
Prize Groups.
12 Finest Varieties 18s.
18 „ „ 278.
24 ,. „ 36B.
Royal Horticultural Socitty s Exhibition, Afarchzy, 1883.
" Messrs. J, Veitch & Sons staged a magnificent cotlection of
Hyacinths. The plants were id excellent condition, the splices
very massive, the bells large, and the colours clear, bright, and
rich. A silver-giU Bankstan Medal was awarded." — Vide the
Journal 0/ Horliculture, March 29, 1883.
CHOICE NAMED HYACINTHS,
FOR POTS AND GLASSES.
y. V. &* Sens' Selections of the finest and most distinct fret*
bloomvig varieties.
8s., 10s., and 12s. per dozen.
Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition.
"There were many large collections of Hyacinths, but
Messrs. Veltch's surpassed all otbers. A Gold Medal
was given for these flowers."— Vide The Ttmcs
HYACINTHS FOR BEDDING,
IN DISTINCT SHADES OF COLOUR.
Specially selected varieties to Jto^uer at iJie san,
ducing large trusses of blooin.
308. per 100, 4s. per dozen.
time, pro-
NARCISSUS.
THE FINEST AND MOST BEAUTIFUL VARIETIES,
2a. 6d. to 7s. 6d. per dozen.
VEITCH'S
CHOICE EXHIBITION TULIPS,
J. V. ft" Som' SeUction of the I2 hat varieties.
Six of each for 123. 6d. Twelve of each for 26s.
EARLY TULIPS.
(SINGLE and DOUBLE VARIETIES),
For Forcing, Pot Culture, or Planting.
From Ss. 6d. to 10s. 6d. per 100.
CHOICE NAMED CROCUS,
IN DISTINCT SHADES OF COLOUR,
From 2s 6d. to 3s, 6d. per 100.
BULBS FOR SPRING GARDENING.
Large Quantiiies at Low Prices.
J. V. &; SONS have pleasure in staling that Her Majesty's
Commissioners ol Works have again accepted their tenders, in
open competition, for the supply of Bulbs for the decoration of
Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, Regent's Park, Battersea
Park, St. James's Park, Kenniogton Park, Hampton Court
Gardens, &c., &c.
J. V, AND SONS will be pleased to give Special Quotations
for Bulbs of similar quality, where large quantities are requited
for Spring Gardening,
For particulars of above and other
BULBS see CA TALO CUE, forwarded Gratis
and Post Free on application.
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY,
CHELSEA, S.W.
422
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, i88j,
CHOICE
PLANTS.
The following are offered at exceptionally low
cash prices, to save booking accounts. All the
plants are clean, healthy, and well-grown, in
varieties of first quality, selected by
HENDERSON & SON,
PINE- APPLE NURSERY, MAIDA VALE,
LO«DON, W.
Less Qiuzntities may be /tad at the same rate.
ORCHIDS. .. a.
12 choice free flowering sorts for.. 2i o
,, „ extra size .. .. 30 o
*" - ,, ,, very choice selected 42 o
100 in so sorts for 200 o
100 in 100 sorts for . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 o
12 Masdevallias, in 12 sorts .. .. .. .. 36 o
12 Odontoglossums, in 12 sorts .. .. .. .. 36 o
12 Oncidiums, in 12 sorts .. ., .. .. .. 30 o
12 Dendrobiums, in 12 sorts .. .. .. .. 30 o
Selected from a large magnificent collection.
PALMS.
ICO of the most useful and ornamental kinds, in great
variety, including Cocos WeddelUana, Geonoma
gracilis, Areca lucescens, &c. 40 o
12 ditto ditto .. .. .. 60
12 ditto, stronger sized plants . . . . . . . . 180
12 ditto, for immediate efifect, per dozen 241., 30J. and 42 o
FLOWERING k ORNAMENTAL PLANTS.
100 Stove and Hardy Greenhause Plants, 100 varieties 42 o
12 ,, ,, ,, 12 varieties 6 o
103 Haidy Greenhouse Plants, or Stove Plants, sepa-
rate or mixed, strong plants for effective display,
including Azaleas, Camellias, Ericas, Epacris,
Rhododendrons, Passiflora, &c. .. .. •• 100 o
12 Climbers, distinct, 6j. extra strong, \is. and 21 o
12 Ixoras, 12 sorts, including the newest .. ., 90
12 Passion Flowers, in 12 varieties, strong .. .. 18 o
12 Camellias, 12 choice varieties .. 21J., 3&r. and 42 o
12 Begonias, 12 sorts, winter-blooming varieties, 65. or 12 o
iz Bouvardias, 12 distinct varieties .. .. 45. or 60
GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS.
12 sortf, to include Princess Royal, jasmiaiflora, Prin-
cess Alexandra and other sweei-5cented varieties 18 o
12 ditto, extra strong plants .. .. 301. and 42 o
FERNS.
12 choice varieties, for decoration .. .. .- 6 c
12 Adiantum farleyense .. 60
12 Maidenhair Ferns, in various sorts .. .. .. 60
12 strong, suited for window and hall decoration .. 10 6
12 Mosses (Selaginella) in 12 varieties .. .. .. 40
ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGED PLANTS.
12 Dracsenas, in 12 choice varieties .. .. .. 60
13 Marantas, in 12 varieties, beautiful foliage.. .. 60
12 Alocasias, in 6 varieties ._. _ 90
12 Crotons, in 12 varieties, very distinct .. .. 60
12 Graceful habited plants for table decoration, iis. & 18 o
12 Dieffenbachia, 11 sorts, including new varieties ; —
splendens, amazonica and Shuttleworthi(ipIendld
foliage) , . . . . . . . . . . . 106
12 of either of the above, grown on strong for imme-
diaie effect 21s., 30J. aud 42 o
HARDY PERENNIALS-HERBACEOUS.
TOO distinct, in 50 sorts, strong plants 21 o
100 „ 100 „ .. .. .. .. .. 30 o
joo in variety, selected to bloom equally throughout the
year, every month being well represented with
the most gay and choice . . - ._ . . . . 400
100 selected for covering walls and rockeries .. .. 20 o
12 specially selected, to give cut flowers for vases,
church decorations for either month in the year,
from April to November .. 60
*i2 Pyreihrums, 12 sorts, choice double-flowered .. 40
'*i2 Potentilla, 12 sorts, double-flowered.. .. .. 60
*'i2 Pentstemons, choicest, 12 sorts .. .. .. 40
"^12 Phloxes, 12 sorts, strong, beautiful colours.. .. 60
*i2 Delphiniums, 12 sorts, beautiful 60
" i-z Veronicas, shrubby varieties, 12 sorts .. .. 40
"12 Japanese Iris, the most magnificent section, 12 sorts g o
*i2 ,, „ mixed varieties 50
"iz Aquatic or Water Plants, 12 hardy sorts . . . . 90
Larger sized plants of manv of the above may be had.
See priced CATALOGUE, post-free for id.
* Tluse free per Parcels Post.
NEW, RARE, or CHOICE BULBS.
Anemone fulgens, brilliant scarlet, large roots, 4^. per dozen ;
small, IS. 6d,
'*r, Anemune luigens, double flowered, true, beautiful, gtf each.
•Anemone Robinsoniana, gd. each.
'Chiui.oaoxA Luciliac (Glory of the Snow), open salver-like
flower, rich Nemoohila blue, white centre, the most beau-
tiful hardv early flowering plant, is. 6d. per dozen.
Crinum Powelli. 35. 6d. See Catalogue.
^Dahlia, single flowered, 12 varieties, 6r.
^Gladiolus Marie Lemoine, hardy, 2^ 6d. each.
*Anthericum Liliastrum major, true, beautiful Lily, 1^. each.
■•12 Snowdrop Elwesi, the largest and most beantiful, -zs.
*FriiiIiaria armena, a beautiful soft clear yellow, i,d. each.
*Eucharis Candida, smaller flower than Eucharis amazonica, a
beautiful plant for bouquets, 25. 6d each.
•Eucharis Sandersi, a lovely species, distinct and beautiful for
cutting, 3^. 6d., $s.
*'i2 Allium neapoUtanum, pretty white flower for cutting, 1^.
■"Lachenalia aurea, golden orange, is. each.
*Lachenalia Nelsoni, ir. td. each.
THE PERFECTION OF CUCUMBERS.
CUCUMBERS ALL THE YEAR ROUND.
This variety is large, handsome in form, of a lovely colour, and of
exquisite flavour. It is marvellously productive, as many as 400 fruit
having been cut from 12 plants in a 3-light pit.
For succession it is unequalled, bearing as abundantly at Christmas
as at Midsummer.
Price, 2s. 6d. per Packet.
CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD.
THURSDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 6485.)
IMPORTED ORCHIDS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Messrs. F. Horsman & Co.,
on THURSDAY NEXT, October ii, a consignment of unusually large masses of L^.LIA
ANCEPS, L. AUTUMNALIS, L. ALBIDA, EPIDENDRUM VITELLINUM MAJUS,
ODONTOGLOSSUM CERVANTESII, ODONTOGLOSSUM NEBULOSUM ; also a fine
lot of CATTLEYA ELDORADO SPLENDENS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
NEW POTATOS ALL THE YEAR R^E
NEW POTATOS FOR CHRISTMAS
May be had without difficulty by planting, any tifne before
October 20, in pots or frames,
THE
EARLIEST OF AU POTATOS,
"SHARPB'S VICTOR."
Sharpe's Victor is a seedling raised from the Alma Kidney and
the old early short-top round Potato. It is earlier than any present
variety, and having a very short top is especially suitable for
frame cultivation, and there is no difficulty in securing new
Potatos for the Table every day in the year. Victor
is a flattened roundish oval in shape, with a beautiful clear skin
and extremely shallow eyes, being one of the handsomest as
well as the heaviest croppers of any variety adapted for frame-
work, or for a first early crop outdoors. It is dry and mealy
when cooked, and the flavour and quality of theflesh are superior
to nearly every other variety at present in use.
Messrs. J. & J. Elletson write as follows^ Sept. 26,
1883 : — " Mr. Usher, Gardener to C. H. Johnson, Esq. ,
Thorgumbald Hall, planted Victor Potatos on January 26, and
placed a dish on his employer's table on March S, from planting
to lifting being only SIX WEEKS."
Price, Is. per Pound.
CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD.
OcTonER 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
423
^EBBS'
?^®^
ALL BULBS
ABE SENT FREE
By Post or Rail.
FLOWER ROOTS
Webbs' Autumn Catalogue,
GRATIS and POST-FREE.
^EBBS'.21s,.Box
Of BULBS for
OUTDOOR CULTIVATION
■3$ Anemones, dble. mixed
25 „ single, irixed
200 Crocus, choice vars.
I Crown Imperial
25 Hyaciiiihs, mixed
25 Iris, Spanish, mixed
12 Jonquils, Cainpernelle
I Lilium candidum
12 Narcissus, double white
25 ,, Poeiicus
25 ,, Vail Sion
6 Polyanthus Narcissus
50 Ranunculux, dble. mixed
23 ,, Turban, scarlet
100 Snowdrops, double and
single
12 Tulips, Due van Thol
12 ,, early double mixed
6 ,, La Candeur, oble.
6 ,, Parrot, fine mixed
12 ,, single mixed
75 Winter Aconites
Other Collections for Outdoor Cultivation at
10s. 6d.. 15s., 42s., 63s., and 105s, eacli.
WEBBS'SSi
ox
Of BULBS for
GREENHOUSE DECORATION
1 Amaryllis formosissima
100 Crocus, choice
I Cyclamen persicum
12 Hyacinths, named
9 Jonquils, sweet-scented
I Lilium iancifoliiim
6 Narcissus bulbocodium
6 Polyanthus Narcissus
CONTAINS
12 Scilla amoena
75 Snowi^rops
6 Tulips, Due Van Thol,
scarlet
18 ,, early single, 6 vars.
6 ,, Bex rubrorum,
double
6 ,, Tourrjesol, double
Other Collections for Greenhouse Decoration
at 10s. 6d., 15s., and 42s. eacli.
WEBBS'IEJS
Of BULBS for
POTS, GLASSES & VASES,
CONTAINS
3 Amaryllis formosissima
:oj Crocus, named
2 Cyclamen persicum
12 Hyacinths, named
3 ,, miniature, named
3 Ins Pavonia
6 Ixias, fine mixed
9 Jonquils, sweel-scented
single
9 Polyanthus Narcissus,
fine mixed,
Q Scilla sibirica
50 Snowdrops
6 Sparaxis, mixed
xz Tulip5, Due Van Thol,
scarlet
25 ,, early, five sorts
6 ,, Tournesol, double
Other Collections for Pots, Glasses, &c., at
10s. 6d., 16s » 42s.. 63s., and 105s. each.
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
WORDSLEY.STOURBRIDGE.
BEAUTIFUL
TLOWEES
AT CHRISTMAS
May be secured by planting
SUTTONS'
FORCING BULBS
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
OF BULBS
Most suited for Late Summer
and Early Autumn Potting,
INCLUDING
EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS,
DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS,
PAPER WHITE NARCISSUS, SNOW-
DROPS, CROCUS, JONQUILS,
DUG VAN THOL TULIPS, SCILLAS,
42s., 31s. 6k,'21s. and 10s. 6d.
each.
ROMAN HYACINTHS
(FOR FORCING). s d.
Single White .. per dozen 33. Sd. ; per loo 25 0
Single Blue .. „ 2s. Od.; „ 14 0
EARLY NARCISSUS
(FOR FORCING) s. d.
Double Roman .. per dozen 2s. 6d. ; per loo 17 6
Paper Willie .. „ 2s. Od. : „ 14 0
SUTTONS' HYACINTHS
(FOR FORCING).
50 Hyacinths, in 25 named varieties
25 „ 25 „
12 „ 12 ,,
s. ,/.
42 0
22 6
12 0
EARLY TULIPS, Singled Double
(FOR FORCING). s. d.
100 Tulips, in 10 varieties 15 0
60 ,, 10 ,, 8 0
25 „ 5 4 0
12 „ 4 „ 2 0
For full particulars of
SUTTONS' CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS
SUTTONS'
AUTUMN CATALOGUE,
Gratis and post-free on application.
ALL GOODS CARRIAGE FREE
(if of 20s. value).
£ut(rru/md
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
and by Special Warrant to
H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES,
BEADING, BERKS.
^fi!
THE
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1883.
CHISWICK AS IT IS.
IT was in the year 1821 that the Horticultural
Gardens at Chiswick were opened, and for
a period of some thirty years they enjoyed a
reputation that was world-wide, not only in
regard to the exhibitions of plants, &c., held
in them, but also because there were associated
with these gardens men of prominent horticul-
tural merit, whose names will long endure in
garden annals. The last of the old Chiswick
shows, resumed after a short abeyance, was
held in 1857, and then these gatherings, with
their prestige and fashion, went to the aristo-
cratic quarter of South Kensington, with a for-
tune that has been varying, but of late not very
encouraging. With the cessation at Chiswick
of the exhibitions and their patrician associa-
tions, a new era may be said to have begun — an
era of good, sound, quiet work and genuine use-
fulness—the subdued glory of which has been
for a long time overshadowed by the greater
South Kensington luminary, but which at length
is being appreciated for its unquestioned
merits. Whatsover may be the fortunes of the
Royal Horticultural Society as far as South
Kensington is concerned, at least as long as
Chiswick exists it will never want a habitation,
and one of which it may well be proud, for the
gardens there, if much curtailed in size, and not
ostentatious in appearance, are none the less
extremely useful, and truly may be said amongst
all gardens in this country to be of their kind
unique.
The Apple Congress, so-called, which opened
at Chiswick on Thursday last, and which will
be on view for several days, may almost be said
to mark a new starting-point in the history
of a place that already has had an interesting
career. It is the first time since the accession
to the perilous heritage of South Kensington
that the Council has invited its Fellows and
the horticultural public to attend an exhibition
within Chiswick's classic walls, and even now
this particular event seems to have been handled
half-heartedly, just as though the Council felt ill
assured as to whether it was or was not depart-
ing from its dignity in allying itself with an
exhibition of Apples, even in its own gardens.
Whatever sentiments may have actuated the
governing body of the Society towards the new
enterprise — and they are of little moment — at
least we can chronicle in this Apple show a
decided success as a display of our chief hardy
fruit, such a one indeed as the previous gene-
ration could hardly have dreamt of, and which
only the coming generation can hope to excel.
When we say that space was needed for about
7000 plates of Apples, from various growers
and from many diverse parts of the kingdom,
that the samples generally are as fine as have
ever been seen, that the collection is a truly
grand one, and such as can hardly be seen
again in a lifetime, we have said enough to
show that not only is Chiswick redivivus in
fame and in attractiveness, but also that gar-
deners from all parts of the kingdom must feel
424
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
anxious to see not only this collection of our
national fruit, but also the historic gardens, the
usefulness and purposes of which form our
theme to-day.
Strangers entering the splendid glass struc-
ture in the gardens known as the old con-
servatory, and in which the larger portion
of the Apples is displayed, will for the
moment feel that they stand within the portals
of a real temple of Pomona. No longer a
conservatory for decorative plants in the
ordinary acceptation of the term, the build-
ing is devoted to the growth of Grapes
(see fig. 66, p. 425), and although there is
no pretence whatever to display in so lofty and
unsuitable a house evidences of high-class
Grape culture, yet those who look upon the
ripened bunches of luscious fruits which
hang overhead, happily so high out of reach,
will admit that the crop, if not a grand one,
is a good one, and such as few gardeners
would not be delighted to possess. The
house contains some twenty kinds of Grapes,
the major portion of which are black. The
Vines having been planted in 1857 are now
verging upon thirty years of age, and as the
Herculean task of lifting the roots, remaking
the borders, and replanting has not so far been
possible, they have been fed from above as best
they could, and the result is seen in the pleasing
and profitable crop hanging so luxuriantly from
the lofty curvilinear roof.
Visitors to the Apple show — and especially
strangers coming from London — will do well to
travel by the District Railway, and, if possible,
to alight at the Acton Green Station, which will
place them within a few minutes direct walk
across Turnham Green to the gardens. Turn-
ham Green Station just above, and Gunners-
bury] Station just below, are both within
easy walking distance. The former gateway
having now been closed, visitors will find a
broad new road opening from the green and
running by the west side of the large
Chiswick Vestry Hall ; on turning up this
road the entrance to the gardens may be
seen at once. But admirers of beautiful
trees, and especially of lines of trees in our
streets, will not fail to pause and admire
the singularly even and beautiful specimens
of Robinia Bessoniana that line either side of
Sutton Court Road, which skirts the gardens,
and admiring will not fail to pay a warm
tribute of respect to the judgment of Mr.
Barron, who both selected and planted these
trees, and now keeps them in such excellent
condition. These were planted some four
or five years since, all being worked on
tall, clean stems of the common Acacia. They
have needed pruning but once, yet the heads
are all dense, handsome masses of wood and
foliage, and seem to be the very ideal of town
or street trees. The variety of Robinia is one
that needs but to be well known to be as
generally planted.
It may be as well to warn visitors, and
specially those numerous provincial gardeners
who have not yet seen Chiswick Gardens, that
they are greatly shorn of their former propor-
tions, and that of course just now they are far
from being at their best. If those who visit the
Apple show could drop in many a time and oft
throughout the year, and specially during the
open period of the year, they would then realise
not only how extensive is the work here accom-
plished, but how well it is done. Chiswick is
essentially a trial garden, and to it is sent con-
tinually from all parts something of everything
which is to be tested or grown or done some-
thing with. So liberal are the contributions
of this kind that the gardens are taxed far
beyond their capacity and power of consump-
tion. Then it performs a remarkable work
towards or for the Fellows of the Society in
dispersing amongst them some 30,000 plants
yearly — an enormous number, showing perhaps
an anxious desire on the part of some of these
members to have their pound of flesh, but none
the less illustrating the gardens' exceeding useful-
ness. If it be said that much of the work done at
Chiswick, and done so well, remains publicly
unrecorded the fault lies not with Mr. Barron
or his very able staff of assistants, but rather
with the poverty of the Society which refuses to
permit that body to become publishers. On
the other hand the gardens and all the opera-
tions are freely open to the representatives of
the horticultural papers, and thus from time to
time readers learn of much useful work done
that is not done so well elsewhere, if done
at all.
Of fruits visitors may see even now what is being
done in relation to them. They can see in the large
and eminently representative collection of Apples,
shown in the fruit room, as well as growing so abun-
dantly on the dwarf trees in the gardens, the great uses
which it furnishes in establishing correct nomen-
clature. Pears are represented by one of the
finest lots of pyramid trees in the kingdom,
including all the best known, and not a few
of the least known kinds in cultivation. It
is true that, well as these pyramid trees do, and
handsome as they are, they far too seldom produce
large crops of fruit, but the locality of Chiswick is
not a good one for the Pear, and especially for early
blooming kinds. How well Pears will do, however,
when conditions favour, may be seen on a tree of
the little known Deux Soeurs, which is laden with
fine handsome fruits not unlike those of Marie Louise
in form and flesh, but rather smoother and greener,
and a better keeper ; close by is an equally fine
tree of the better known Marechal de la Cour, which is
an early bloomer, and hence seldom or never carries
a fair crop. The Deux So^u^s seems to owe its grand
lot of fruit entirely to its later blooming period, and
consequent immunity from frost. A long row of
upright cordon Pears in couples of a sort, should
attract notice, as these not only fruit very well
generally, but enable many kinds to be grown on a
limited area.
Cherries do not thrive, but Plums do fairly well,
and a large collection is grown, as also of Peaches
and Nectarines, all these being in the form of oblique
cordons, and doing as well on the walls as soil and
seasons will permit.
Of bush fruits, again, there is a large collection, in-
cluding every known kind of Currant, all the best
Gooseberries and Raspberries, and even Strawberries,
the latter extensively ; whilst Rhubarb is represented
by all the kinds that have got into commerce.
Within the houses, from time to time, almost every
known kind of Grape vine has been proved ; and
during the past season, a low span house, once devoted
to the growth of Figs, has been planted not only with
our hardiest Vines, but also with not a few of the less
known American sorts — the which may, in time,
solve the mildew and Phylloxera problems, or they
may not ; but in any case, testing them with our own
sorts will prove an exceedingly interesting work, and
may be productive of great good. The chief attrac-
tion in the matter of Grapes, just now, is seen in the
long saddle-roofed corridor house, which is planted
throughout with Gros Colmar and Black Alicante,
with just a couple of the Alnwick Seedling thrown in
to show its many excellences, for here it seems to beat
the Alicante in free setting, size of bunch, and, if
possible, depth of colour. Both these kinds are first-
rale here, but the Gros Colmar seems to have coqueted
with the spider, and in fumigating its leaves have
suffered and its berries will not colour well. That
defect, however, seems to be an exceptional fault, as
in previous years its berries have coloured well. If
not good again next year the Gros Colmar, in spite of
its big berries, will give place to other kinds.
Vegetables have long been important features in the
Chiswick trials, and severely have the capacities of the
gardens and the practical knowledge of Mr, Barron
and his aids been tested, not only by anxious raisers
but also by not a few persons who have striven to
make new kinds out of old sorts. Peas, for instance,
one of our most useful and widely grown vegetables,
are legion, and new kinds or new names are ever
cropping up. Not a year passes in which a good
breadth is not grown, and whilst some impostors are
exposed, some others are found to be really useful
novelties. Potatos, too, are of that class of vegetables
that admit only too readily of frequent resurrections ;
whilst, as the past year has shown, real novelties and
good ones too, seem to be endless. The valuable aid
rendered to the committee of the International
Potato Show in testing the seedling varieties com-
mitted to its care must be acknowleded here, whilst
the Fruit Committee have found even more largely
ample work in the kinds grown so well for its adjudi-
cation. Beans of all kinds. Cabbages, Cauliflowers,
Lettuces, Onions, Celery, and indeed almost every
useful vegetable, has had its respective merits, tested
and nomenclature revised from time to time, although
perhaps from so much good and practical work the
outside public has hardly gained the benefit desir-
able.
Very interesting also during the past and preceding
years have been the trials both in pots under glass
and outdoors of that hybrid plant, half fruit, half
vegetable, the Tomato. So well are these tested that
Certificates of Merit are granted only to kinds grown
at Chiswick, because samples of fruits alone do not
always prove that the kind shown is distinct. During
the past year forty assumed sorts were tried, and of
these the nett result is that only about one-third
are really distinct.
Flowers of many kinds are well represented at
Chiswick in their various seasons. The collection of
bedding, show, and Cape Pelargoniums is a remark-
able one, and presents during the summer a singu-
larly attractive study. The beds of the former section
can hardly be showy at this time of the year, but
during the summer they offer valuable aid to those
who may be seeking for the best outdoor decorative
kinds. The Pelargonium Society finds great as-
sistance rendered to its work in the Chiswick trials.
Begonias are always in the summer a fine feature,
Gloxinias are invariably beautiful and well grown,
Achimenes of many kinds form a valuable collection,
and of other allied plants there may just now be seen
in one house a lot of Gesneras that are exceedingly
beautiful, whilst the group of Begonia Moonlight
exhibits the great value of that, otherwise insignificant
kind, for winter decoration. Fuchsias have been and
are widely represented here, so also are Lantanas and
• many other capital decorative plants.
Outdoors the variety found in flowering plants is
almost endless. The rockwork and mixed borders
are during the year rich in beautiful objects, and in
the summer months are always full of attraction.
Many kinds of good annuals are grown in masses ;
so also of the best biennials — for if space can be
found, all kinds of seeds, sent from wherever they
may be, are always grown. The trial of Sweet Peas
during the past suumer has been one of singular
interest, and well illustrates the useful yet unobtrusive
good work done from year to year. Bedding Violas
have always been largely grown here ; and the fine
border of those popular autumn decorative flowers,
bouquet and single Dahlias, shows that the prevailing
tastes in flowers are studied. The rarely seen Sun-
flower, known as Helianthus argyrophyllus, an
annual that grows some 4 feet in height, with silvery
woolly foliage and medium-sized flowers, both double
and single, shows a kind that may well attract the
attention of the aesthetic. Phloxes, Pentstemons, and
other fine border flowers, are well grown, and in
quantity; and visitors must not fail to notice the beau-
tiful shrubby forms of the half-hardy French Ceano-
thuses in beds here, and especially the large flowered
Sceptre d'Azur and Gloire de Versailles, both
lavender-blue ; the pink Marie Lemoine, and the
white Le Geant. These plants stood out all last
winter, but would not withstand severe frost. Abu-
tilons, Cannas, and the early or summer Chrysanthe-
mums are also bedded out, though now in all cases
past their best. Lovers of showy things in hardy
foliage plants will do well to note the rich yellow
leafage of the golden Catalpa in one of the mixed
borders. In the long rows of cool pits will be seen
a fine collection of semi-tender and hardy plants in
pots, which include many very interesting things that
may not be seen every day. Seekers 'after bedding
novelties in foliage will not fail to note the pretty
white cut-leaved Achillea clavennie in one frame,
as a probable charming dot plant on a green ground
for carpet beds.
We cannot enumerate one half of the things grown
at Chiswick, or describe as it merits one half the
work there accomplished. Much of it is of an un-
obtrusive nature, quietly and efficiently performed,
while the officials in charge always show courtesy and
consideration to all concerned. What may be the
^1
426
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
future of these gardens it would be difficult to say,
but their severance from the great horticultural work
they now are instrumental in carrying out is not to
be thought of. Such a misfortune, if it had to be
encountered, would be borne only with feelings of
humiliation and sorrow. Such considerations, how-
ever, must not be permitted to obtrude unpleasant
feelings into our present hearty congratulations to all
concerned, that Chiswick again seems to be entering
upon a career of popular uselulness. An Apple show,
grand as it may be, will hardly attract the fashionable
riullerers around our summer floral exhibitions, but
it shuuld bring together numbers of the practical gar-
deners and horticultural v/orkers of the kingdom.
These, becoming more familiarised with Chiswick,
may learn in the future to partake of its usefulness,
and assist in its greater development. The governing
body of the Society may do much to that end ; the
gardeners of the kingdom may do even more ; and
let us hope that for that object both will heartily
work.
laiit^.
PTERIS SERRULATA var. POCOCKII.
Mr. C. Pococr, nurseryman, of Wincanton, sends
a seedling crested Pteris, which does not appear to
correspond with any of the many forms of this useful
Fern already in cultivation. To distinguish it from
others it may be called P. serrulata var. Pocockii. It is
one of the slender, long-pinnuled, drooping series of
forms which ha,ve sprung from P. serrulata anguslata,
and is a very elegant evergreen Fern for greenhouse
decoration. The ramification of the frond is quite
normal, and so are the long, narrow pinnules and
segments as far as to just below the apex, when they
all become developed into a shortish, dense, tassel-
like tuft, which is sufficiently heavy to give the fronds
a graceful, pendulous character. The peculiar feature
of the variety is the short, dense, well-furnished tassel
which terminates each division of the frond. T. Moore.
L/ELIA WyATTIANA, uov. hybr. nat.
This lovely Orchid came in a set of Lcelia pur-
purata (short bulbed variety) imported by Mr. Wills.
It is now possessed by Mr. G. Nevile Wyatt, Lake
House, Cheltenham, who has a magnificent collec-
tion of Orchids. It is but justice to call the fine
plant by his name.
Mr. Heath regards it a natural hybrid between
Laelia purpurata and L. elegans, I am not sure of this
being right. The quite equal poUinia and the very
membranous texture of the flowers prevent me being
of that opinion. If Lselia crispa or L. Boothiana were
to be seen in the neighbourhood of the locality
where the stock of Messrs. Heath & Sons has been
gathered, I would think of those as possible parents
of the present form. So much is certain, that
the plant is none of those doubtful species I have
e ;tablished : Laslia Schilleriana, Stelzneriana, eu-
s.iatha, Casparyana. I call them doubtful, as they
cannot be regarded equal to such species as Lcelia
crispa, Boothiana, or purpurata, which are to be found
in masses, and which bear excellent characters. It
would appear to be just as with OJontnglossums.
We are exceedingly ignorant as to the geographical
area of Orchids in Brazil, and it would be very
much belter to give us light about this subject than to
publish abominable descriptions for would-be species
with such a stale of ignorance that Elleanthuses
(Evelynes) are called Glomeras. (! !)
The flowers are equal to those of Li^lia crispa.
Petals very acute, white, as well as the sepals. The lip
has nearly (he general shape of that of LiX'lia crispa,
and not at all thatof La^lia purpurata. One may almost
call it rhomboid. There are some undulations in the
anterior part, but it is nothing when compared to
the frequent undulations and torsions of Lielia crispa.
The nervings of the disc are dark purple, the median
ones are coloured their whole length, the most
ex'erior ones only at their base. The side lobes are
light yellow outside, the anterior lobe is of fine light
purijle. The column has some purple spots.
It would be very desirable to learn whether other
p'ants of this kind appear the stock of Mr. Wills'
importation. H, G. Rchh. f.
LifJUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM.— This vigorous grow-
ing Privet makes an excellent hedge, owing to its
dense solid growth. It can be cut back very" hard,
but will break freely into leaf again. The best time
to cut it back is early in August ; it then gets clothed
rgiin wiih green leaves by autumn.
FRUIT TREES IN SUBURBAN
NURSERIES.
Sawbridgeworth is a household word among
lovers of fruits, and the visitor is not likely to come
away from it with a feeling of having seen an over-
rated place, but, on the contrary, may always cal-
culate on having seen much that is new, and interest-
ing as well. Experiments with and hybridisation of
fruits, deviations from the beaten track in their cul-
tivation, with the object of discovering more certain
ways to promote productiveness, and also to cheapen
their production, so as to render fruit a necessity for
the many, instead of being a luxury for the few —
these are some of the objects that have been pursued
here for more than a generation past. Many and
various have been the experiments in Orange, Grape,
Peach, and Vine culture. There was once a large
hole dug out and covered with a rough glass roof that
stood on Larch posts, the whole merely resting on the
ground ; side ventilation was abundant and constant,
but roof ventilation there was none. The Grapes-
Black Hamburgh — were planted just outside at the
lower edge of the roof, and were trained up under the
glass. The crops that these Vines bore were an annual
wonder ; they were fine in colour, berry, and bunch,
and were never afflicted with red-spider or any other
insect plagues. The roof having fallen in many years
ago, the hole was filled in, but the legend of the
wonderful Grapes which grew in that hole remains
fresh in the memory of the old workmen. This was
an ocular proof to the gardening fraternity that
Grapes could be grown cheaply. Grapes are grown in
abundance by Mr. Rivers, and grown well, in several
large houses, without any more preparation than
that of digging up the soil, and adding some rotten
manure. Vines of all kinds are planted out, and the
only kind out of many which can be said to
be a failure at this period is the Black Mus-
cat ; but as this is a Grape which disappoints
those most proficient in the art of Grape grow-
ing, it will not be a matter for much surprise
that it should fail under the treatment adopted here ;
and this is the only kind which does not respond to
this system of Grape-growing, for other varieties of
Muscats, Alicante, Madresfield Court, Lady Downe's
Seedling, Black Hamburgh, Gros Colmar, and Gros
Maroc were in capital order and bearing heavily, so
much so that nervous friends predict their complete
exhaustion in a season or two : but then they have
predicted something similar for years past, though the
collapse has not yet come. Vines in immense numbers
are grown here for the trade, and fill many houses.
They are short-jointed, long, well ripened, two-year-
old canes, and very thrifty looking.
In a narrow house there are some nice-looking new
kinds of Apples in pots that are awaiting final decision.
Amongst those still having fruits on them were Arch-
duke Antoine, a small golden-coloured fruit, evidently
ripe, or nearly so ; Buckingham, a green and yellow
sort, also nearly ripe ; Wagner, Bailey's Sweet, Beck's
Pleasant, King of Tomkins County, many fruits from
pot-grown trees of which have weighed quite a pound
each ; Belle du Bois is a new French culinary kind, of
no promising appearance. The Apples cultivated in
the open quarters are of the usual kinds, with an
admixture of sorts foreign to other nurseries, but are
grown and trained in the various ways commonly to
be found in fruit nurseries. If there is a preference
shown to any particular form for this and other fruits
that adapt themselves to the severities of summer
pinchings and prunings it is that- of the oblique
cordon.
The notable feature is, as it has been for many years,
with some material modifications from the earliest
methods pursued, the cultivation and ripening of Pears,
Apples, Cherries, Plums, and Figs grown in pots, and
which has been attended with perfect success. The
Peaches and Nectarines, owing to their not ripen-
ing their fruits or maturing their wood away from
the protection of a wall or a glasshouse, are not
amenable to this system of growing fruit trees. With
these exceptions this method, if carefully carried out,
will satisfy the wants of the amateur and private
gardener who have but little room or no fruit walls at
command, in so far as it will enable them to supply
their dessert table with really first-class specimens of
the above-named fruits.
There were some fine examples of this simple pot
culture in some little Pear trees in 8-inch pots, that
were carrying from six to ten fruits, of such sorts as
Doyenne du Cornice, Pitmaston Duchesse, Duchesse
d'Angouleme, Knight's Monarch, and others. These
plants were plunged in a bed a foot deep of half-
rotten manure, stood on a hard impervious bottom,
top-dressed with some rich material, and watered
with clear water. With the exception ot the
six weeks in spring, when there is danger to bloom
and young growth from frost, these plants are
the whole year out-of-doors. Hundreds of such
miniature Pears, Apples, Cherries, Plums, &c., take
up but little room at any season, produce fruit with
the greatest certainty, and cost but little attention-
less than that on walls, which, containing many big
trees, produce in many instances nothing more than
quantities of almost worthless fruits. The Peaches and
Nectarines are treated much in the same way, except-
ing that fruiting trees remain always under glass in
airy houses. Cherries, of which fine fruits are obtained,
are grown in the same manner as Pears ; but the pots
are larger, as are also the trees. During frosty
weather all are efHciently protected with litter,
whether they are under glass or in the open air.
Oranges are grown in pots in a small open roofed-
house, along with some planted-out Vines of Fron-
tignac in variety ; the former grow in pots under the
Vines, producing fruits through the winter fit for
dessert. We understand that the flavour is delicious,
size everything that could be wished ; but it is not
an economical way of getting Oranges for the table.
After giving a fleeting glance over the many
quarters filled with fruit trees of all kinds, and at the
Roses in pots on hotbeds in the open without glass
protection, and at the arcades of Marechal Niels and
Gloire de Dijons in the narrow houses, and lastly, in
semi-darkness, inspecting some of the Apples that
were intended to appear at the great Apple show at
Chiswick, the homeward journey was taken with a
feeling that the visit had not been a profitless one,
but that the time spent there was very short of what
was necessary to inspect minutely so large a place,
Messrs. Paul & Son, The Old Nurseries,
Cheshunt, have a great extent of land under fruit
cultivation at the present time, and are intending to
plant still more largely to meet the increased demand
for fruit trees of all varieties. Here the Apple fruits
on Crab stocks just as freely in the young state of the
tree as it is observed to do on the Paradise. Whether
their fruitfulness on this stock is due to any peculiarity
in the soil here that is conducive to precocity is not
known for certain, although there is a tendency towards
that belief. The growth of the trees is compact,
hard, and quite free from that luxuriance usually
associated with youthfulness, this condition having
been maintained through a series of years. The soil
is a medium heavy loam, which was not many years
since under ordinary farm cultivation.
Growing on bushes, worked on the Crab, was the
round Winter Nonsuch, a largish fruit, bright red in
colour and showy. It is round in form, and keeps
till late in the winter. Another late-keeping sort is
Betty Geeson, large and green. It was bearing
equally well on Crab and Paradise, the fruits being
large on each. The Worcester Pearmain, Cox's
Orange Pippin, Cheshunt Pippin, a seedling from the
old Nonsuch, and bearing an excellent character,
Warner's King, Prince Lippo, very much in form
and colouring like Hoary Morning, were all to be
found in abundance on trees worked on the Crab, as
quite small bushes or pyramids. A new Russet
named Van Mons, but having small fruits, was
pointed out as being a dessert fruit of considerable
excellence, free bearing, and keeping well. The
Galloway Pippin, large in size, greenish-yellow, with
russetty markings, is a sort the cultivation of which *
ought to be much extended. It is a good keeper.
Reinette de Caux very much resembles Dutch Mig-
nonne, but bears much more freely than that variety.
The fruit was of medium size. Duhalder is a new
kitchen fruit, of a green colour, medium in size, and
of a conical form. That well-known kind, Fearn's
Pippin, was splendid in colour, and very abundant on
Crab stocks, as well as on Paradise. Mabbot's Pear-
main, an old but less well-known kind, and Claygate
Pearmain are sorts every one should possess, being
very superior fruits for the dessert. A pretty kind is
the Summer Strawberry, good either for culinary or
dessert purposes, bright crimson, early, yet keeping ^|
good till Christmas. Mere de Menage, a very showy tJ
crimson fruit of middle size, was bearing in great
quantity ; this kind is a good keeper, and should be
generally grown. Small's Admirable was bearing
well as a bush, and crops equally well as a standard ;
it is of large size, green, smooth, with a crisp, sweet,
October 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
427
juicy flesh. We found here all the well-known
favourites in Apples, and all other kinds of fruits.
Of the few Pears bearing this season on bushes the
best seemed to be a Marie Thigal, early, and said to
be a pretty certain bearer, probably from its habit of
flowering later than many others. Beurre Ballet Pcre
is a fine large Tear, and one of the best fruits of
recent introduction ; it is in all respects equal to
Beurre Supcrfin. Fondante Thirriot was also another
kind, carrying a very fair crop ; the fruit is handsome,
and of excellent quality. These three Tears ripen
during October and November. The whole stock of
fruit trees in these nurseries have made the healthiest
growth this year, and are remarkably free from
insects or blight.
Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross. —
These nurseries, so well known and celebrated in the
Rose world, are devoted, not only to the cultivation
of Roses, but have a considerable portion under fruit
trees of all kinds, growing in all the varied forms
which are required by cultivators. Amongst those
which are receiving much attention, both here and
elsewhere the Pears on Quince stocks take the first
place, for under no other system of cultivation in this
country can really first-class fruit be obtained year by
year, The ease, as well as the certainty with which
the crop can be assured, together with the possibility
of growing a great many kinds on a given space of
wall as diagonal cordons, will cause the Pear on the
Quince stock to become more generally adopted than
it is even at the present time. Great quarters of these
miniature trees are to be found here, as well as
numbers of bearing trees of larger growth in pyramidal
form, and in cordon and espalier style. From the
absence of wall protection here, the crop of Pears in
the open was very poor.
With the Apples on Paradise or dwarfing stocks,
and on the Crab, the results this year are
astounding, little trees and larger ones being quite
weighed down in many instances by the fruits. These
are trained in all the above-mentioned forms, but
Apples, being less liable to injury, and ripening their
fruits without the aid of a wall, the major portion is
grown as either cordon, bush, pyramid, or standard,
the espalier form taking the lowest rank. The abund-
ance of fruit of most sorts enabled us to see several of
those lesser known kinds, such as the handsome
culinary Apples Golden Spire, a sort coming into use
in September and October; Maltster, a winter kind,
hardy in character, and an abundant bearer ; Lord
Derby, a capital early winter kind ; Councillor, a
fruit very similar to Wellington, but ripening earlier ;
and Dr. Hogg, a good melting-fleshed sort, looking
very like a White Calville, but larger and handsomer.
The sort Annie Elizabeth is of great value, large,
and excellent in quality, and coming into use
from December to March. The much valued
American Apple, Baldwin, was also to be seen
in fruit, but, like many American productions, it
does not give promise of its estimable qualities under
cultivation in this country. The dessert kinds of
Apples are so very numerous that it will better suit
our purpose to mention only a few of those that are
conspicuous for their novelty or excellence. Baumann's
Red Pearmain, which is an extraordinary bearer gener-
ally, and is also a handsome fruit, was seen on quite
small trees of one year old, in numbers of from six to
eight fruits. Lady Henniker, a sort with very tender
flesh, and of excellent flavour, good also for culinary
purposes, coming in during the winter months, was
conspicuous by its size. Dutch Mignonne, a hand-
some large fruit, of pleasing shape, the season of
which is from December to April ; Golden Noble, a
fine large dessert fruit ; Golden Harvey, a fruit
coming into use from the beginning of the year, and
lasting till May ; Mabbit's Pearmain, a medium-sized
fruit, fit for use for several weeks in midwinter, and
of rich flavour. Of better known kinds, bearing beau-
tiful fruits this year, may be mentioned Scarlet Admir-
able, a very showy, highly coloured fruit, said to be
synonymous with the Hollambury ; Reinette du
Canada, a large kind equally adapted for cooking or
dessert ; Pitmaston Golden Pippin, a well known sort,
and generally grown ; and Hormead Pearmain, with
tender white flesh, a sort that is in use during early
winter. The kind indifferently called Wyken or
Warwickshire Pippin is a kind worthy of more
extended cultivation, the flavour being good, the size
medium, and its keeping properties of the best,
Claygate Pearmain is another good kind with smallish
fruit ; Court of Wick, Margil, and Pearson's Plate
are all medium-sized kinds of acknowledged excel-
lence, which are this season producing abundance of
perfect fruits on stocks of both descriptions— Crab and
Paradise. One of the handsomest fruits seen was
Paradise Pippin, all crimson and gold — a real orna-
ment to any dessert.
Messrs. Bunyard, Maidstone.— From Fulham
to Maidstone is not, as times go, a far cry, but
between fruit tree manufacture at Messrs. Veitch's,
at Southfields, commented on in our last issue, and
at Allinglon, Messrs. George Bunyard & Co.'s fine
fruit nursery, there is no inconsiderable difTerence,
for whilst in the first-named place the chief object
is to create for the retail purchaser, and specially
the private gardener, at Maidstone Mr. Bunyard
is surrounded by a large clicni^le of market growers,
though not in Kent only does he find customers, but,
as his big planting job at Cheltenham and many others
show, his trade is not less a national one amongst big
cultivators of fruits. The town establishment of this
firm seems to be an admirably placed focus for
the several small nurseries scattered about Maid-
stone, all of which have their special uses in produc-
ing plants and cut flowers for home consumption, and
also in the production of such things as Camellias and
Azaleas in pots, of which there is a big stock of capital
stuff. In one part we see as fine a lot of Aucubas as
may be seen in a week's march ; in another. Nuts of
all kinds, and specially Cobs and Filberts, being pro-
duced from layers by thousands. Elsewhere there
are a dozen kinds of the charming Hibiscus, of diverse
hues, all blooming most luxuriantly ; and in some other
spot we light amongst other notable objects upon a lot
of the Stephanotis-like Bouvardia Humboldtii, planted
out and blooming superbly. Gardeners who have
warm corners should make a note of that fact.
There are, too, here and there in these diverse
town gardens to be seen some interesting things
— such, for instance, as a lot of standard Mul-
berries growing where the strong summer heat ripens
the wood so as to induce very early fruiving. Then
we note some standard Pear trees — Bishop's Thumb,
Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Louise, and Ashton
Town, towering up to a great height, all some
sixty to eighty years old, and yet full of health
and vigour, cropping wonderfully well in good
seasons. There is a curious growth on a tree of
Reine Claude Violet Plum that should interest p'ant
physiologists. The stock of the tree is the Myrobolan,
and some way up the tree, and considerably above
the point of union with the graft, a stout branch of
the stock has burst out from the Plum stem. It
is a curious and unusual case of reversion, though
only to a partial extent. On a large tree of the
Crimson Quoining Apple fruit was seen grown from
the big hard stem without any leaf growth — also a
curious circumstance. On large standard trees Dr.
Harvey, Lord Derby, Pitmaston, Pine-apple, and
Sturmer Pippin Apples, were fruiting finely, showing
how well these kinds like the limestone subsoil. Du-
rondeau Pear was fruiting well on the walls. These
detached places are most useful for local work, and
owing to their many varied sites and positions
enable the firm to adapt them to many uses that
would not perhaps be possible were they re-
stricted to one site and one aspect.
But the special object of attraction to us was the fine
tree nursery at AUington, which lies about 2 miles
out on the London road, and is delightfully placed where
a glorious country opens up many noble and lovely views.
It is at AUington that Messrs. Bunyard create the tens
of thousands of fine fruit stuff they have to supply all
comers with, indeed, the stock of fruit trees alone at
the time of our visit was said to exceed 300,000, and
that such was exact it is not possible to doubt after a
walk over the nursery. The most noticeable features
of the place are, first, the remarkable way in which
every inch of ground is utilised; second, the robust
healthy appearance of the stock throughout ; third,
the neatness and precision of the planting in every
direction, and specially in the long lines of stand-
ards ; and fourth, the neatness and tidiness seen
throughout the whole of the 50 acres which this
nursery covers. The paths and cart roads are all
of grass, run over with a scythe about three times
in the year, and the verges are cut and put into
the ruts made by the cart wheels in the winter.
Not a little of the neatnesswhich pervades the
quarters, the loose pulverised condition of the
surface-soil, and certainly the general good health
and excellence of the stock, arise from the free use of
"cultivators " drawn by patient donkeys between the
rows of trees, which in this way save an immense
amount of manual labour. We can scarcely hope to see
these good elements of nursery work more thoroughly
displayed anywhere than they are at Allinglon.
Here, as perchance in most nurseries this year, the
Apple, because of its fruilfulness, occupies the pride
of place, But it is also the most largely grown of
fruit stock, for in perambulating the grounds we come
upon breadths of thousands and thousands, and
by far the larger portion standards. These are clean,
even, and vigorous, the beau ideal of stuff for the
market grower who wishes to lay down his 10 or
20 acres with fruit at once. There are no smaller
numbers, too, as pyramids and trained trees, and
vast quantities of dwarfs on the Paradise, Nonsuch,
and broad-leaved stocks, of which kinds large num-
bers are grown in the nursery for home use. That
starving French Paradise, which has done so much to
injure the reputation of dwarf Apple trees, is totally
ignored, and only those kinds are used which long
experience has shown to be most satisfactory. Of
kinds in fine fruit as dwarf trees we noted Grenadier,
showing stout, short jointed growth ; the fruit
large, flattish in form, and produced in great abund-
ance. It should make a fine market kind. The
new early dessert Apple, Mr. Gladstone, is being
very largely grown, both on dwarfs and standard?.
It is richly coloured and handsome, and must
presently be universally grown for market use,
A new kind, of which Mr. Bunyard speaks highly, is
Bielingheimer ; it has fine leafage, and the fruits
are large and richly coloured. Lane's capital new
Apple, Prince Albert, was fruiting well, as also was the
now popular Stirling Castle, both on dwarfs and
trained trees. Little trees of Lord Derby, 2 feet in
height, were fruiting finely, so also was the Eclin-
ville, that grand Irish Apple, that seems more worthy
of culture than Lord Sufifitld. The new or winttr
Hawthornden was carrying good samples of fruit, so
also was Smart's Prince Arthur, the fruits conical and
covered with red stripes ; this is a fine free-cropping
kitchen kind. Worcester Pearmain, rich in its glow
of colour, was fruiting well. It is indeed a beauti/ul
Apple, and may well displace many early inferior sorts.
The pretty yellow Ingestre, the favourite market
dessert Apple, is grown in great bulk, but, because of
its peculiar habit, chiefly on standards. Saltmar&h s
Queen is also a good Apple that is being largely
grown here and fruiting finely. It is a valuable
addition to our handsome kitchen kinds and should
be widely grown. But we might enumerate a list of
Apples a column in length of the kinds grown at
AUington, and the numbers of which seem almost
fabulous. Special market sorts of course occupy the
largest place, but every kind seems to be in quantity.
As becomes a market fruit district. Plums seem
almost to precede Pears in the enormous quantity
grown, and the growth of these from the bud is
truly marvellous. Breadth after breadth, by thousands,
of Rivers' Prolific, Pershore, Czar, Victoria, Pond's
Seedling, and Farleigh's Prolific, and Frogmore
Prolific Damsons ; the one season's growth of which,
like splendid whip-handles, had gone up from S to
10 feet in height, making maidens of a most
robust order. Trained Plums are also in great
bulk, beautiful trees full of fine hard wood, that will
produce fruiting buds in plenty this season, so well
has the growth been ripened. The fine open
hillside position of the nursery, with unstinted sun-
shine, free winds, and good drainage, serves admir-
ably to produce good growth on all trees, and that
well matured. Of Pears, Rivers' Fertility, not
unlike Williams' Bon Chretien, but better, is well
spoken of, whilst the popular Williams is represented
in huge quantities, so also are all the best market
Pears. Doctor Jule? Guyot, Souvenir du Congres,
and Triomphe de V^ienne, a grand Pear, as big as
Brockworth Park, but better, and all on the Quince,
are wonderfully fine. Of horizontal trained trees
there are fine samples, fit almost to cover a wall at
once; in fact, throughout the stock is excellent.
Cherries again are in great force, whether Morel-
los trained and on standards, or of sweet kinds ;
indeed, there are some 15,000 of the latter free of
growth, and all beautifully even stuff. Turn which
way we will, fiuit trees in breadths alternate with
shrubs, though the former largely predominate,
and it would not be possible to doubt for a single
moment that the figures given are pretty exact. We
have almost forgotten to aUude to Peaches and
Nectarines here, fine trained trees in large quantities,
428
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
and maidens in thousands making marvellous growth.
Allington seems specially to be the place for the pro-
duction of 6rm-wooded Peaches, as the soil is warm
and dry, and the needed sunshine abundant.
Amongst shrubs. Rhododendrons, Hollies — and of the
variegated kinds there are hundreds of splendid pyra-
mids—Laurels, hardy Heaths — these latter, with
Hydrangea paniculafa, blooming beautifully; and,
indeed, with bush fruit. Nuts, forest trees. Conifers,
and myriads of ordinary nursery stuff, there seems to
be no end, and all as clean, healthy, and good as can
well be found in any similar nursery in the kingdom.]
FLOWERS IN SEASON.
LisiANTHUs RussELLiANUS. — Notwithstanding
the imposing appearance of this grand old Gentian-
wort, it is surpassed by some of its congeners of ever-
green shrubby habit, and requiring stove temperature.
This one is annual or biennial in its nature according
to treatment, and can be successfully cultivated in
greenhouse temperature. If raised from seeds it re-
quires to be sown very early or else treated as a
biennial ; but a stock can always be kept up to flower
every year by propagating from cuttings. As seen in
flowering condition in the conservatory at Kew, an
idea can be gleaned of its decorative value, especially
at this season when everthing begins to assume a
commonplace appearance. The flowers, of a deep
violet-purple colour, are produced in the axils of
the upper leaves, and have a short tube with a
great spreading limb measuring from 2^ to 3 inches
across. They assume an upright position, and bear
some resemblance at a distanc? to some of the large-
flowered Godetias, with the exception of the colour
and of course the opposite glaucous leaves. The plant
is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t, 3626,
GOETHEA STRiCTiFLORA.— This Brazilian shrub is
worthy a place in a collection of stove plants, not
from the showiness of its corolla, which is generally a
predominant feature in this order, but from the large
crimson reticulated bracts or epicalyx which encloses
and conceals both the true calyx and corolla, some-
what of the same colour, but much paler. Save from
the long protruding brush-like bunch of stamens and
the lobes of the divided style one would scarcely notice
that the plant was actually in full bloom. It has been
flowering for weeks in the Palm-house at Kew, the
flowers being aggregated in axillary clusters, as well
as on the old naked stems. There is a figure of it in
the Botanical Magazine, t. 4677. G. multiflora, also
flowering in the same house, is generally referred to
the genus Pavonia, and is known in gardens under
the names of P. multiflora and P. Wioti. The
flowers of this are produced in an umbel from the
axils of the upper leaves, and is distinguishable
as belonging to the genus Pavonia by the many-leaved
epicalyx, whereas in Goethea proper the epicalyx is
only four or six-leaved.
Pleroma BenthamiAnum.— The greatest draw-
back with many plants of this genus is the short
duration of the individual flowers, but being generally
produced in abundance they do not all expand at
once, as a successional display is maintained for some
time. They are borne at the extremities of the shoots,
and vary in size and number ; but the colour, in
various shades of purple, violet, and white, is so
decided as to constitute them a valuable class of
plants. P. Benthamianum is a dwarf branching
shrub, well furnished with foliage, and producing pale
purple flowers as large as the showy and popular P. ma-
cranthum, otherwise known as Lasiandra macrantha.
The latter genus, moreover, with one or two more,
are now included in the present one. The subject of
this note is now flowering in the Water-Lily-house at
Keiv, and there is a figure of it in the Botanic Maga-
zine, t. 4007.
Gentiana Andrews!.— It is alike remarkable
and disappointing that so few species of this genus are
to be seen in gardens, notwithstanding the number of
them known to science, all more or less ornamental
and worthy of cultivation. Being for the most part
natives of mountainous regions, like many species of
Primula, they are hardy enough to withstand the
severities of our winters, provided the cold were con-
tinous, thereby ensuring them from being started
into growth prematurely, as the fluctuations of
our variable climate are prone to, when a sudden
lowering of the temperature, accompanied with a heavy
moisture-laden atmosphere, causes them to damp off.
The species under notice is known as the closed
Gentian, inasmuch as the flowers never expand, as
most of them do, but taper somewhat to each end with
a shortly five-lobed mouth. These flowers are of a
pleasing bright blue, and being produced so late in the
season, when most others are over, acquire a double
value for horticultural purposes. They are borne in
a dense terminal sessile umbel, surrounded by a leafy
involucre, much in the same way as G, cruciata, but
far superior to that in every respect,
Aristolochia labiosa, — In a genus altogether
remarkable for the construction of its flowers, few
present so singular an appearance, and still fewer
have more conspicuous or larger flowers. Although
it cannot be described as particularly attractive or
showy, on account of its want of bright colours, yet it
is in the last degree provocative of interest from its
resemblance to the markings of some venomous rep-
tile. In a house where the twining stems have full
scope to develope their length, the flowers, from being
produced in the axils of the leaves towards the extremi-
ties of the shoots, lose much of their effect, owing to
their distance from the eye of the spectator ; but this
could be obviated by training in a horizontal direction
or on trellis-work. The plant is figured in the
Botanical Register, 6S9, and a large, well-flowered
specimen is to be seen in the Palm-house at Kew.
When fully expanded the limb of one of the lips into
which the flower is divided measures from 6 to 9
inches in breadth. The colour is straw-yellow, closely
reticulated with dull purple, and diversified on the
inflated tube by larger meshes of a brighter hue.
Single Dahlias in great variety come from Mr,
Ware, Tottenham ; some were old, others new, but
all very suitable for borders and beds. We note a few
which are among the best to our fancy ; — A rich
crimson, Victor Standish ; purplish-rose, magenta
centre. Cherry ; fine reddish-orange, Orangeman ;
crimson-purple, In Memoriam ; lilac. Mauve Queen
Improved ; pure yellow, Lutea grandiflora ; the large,
well-formed White Queen ; white, suffused faint pink,
with crimson stripes. The Clown ; dark purple, with
a lighter-coloured margin. Falcon ; purple self, Mrs.
Burbidge ; rosy-crimson, with purplish-cerise tips,
Lucy Ireland ; sulphur. Sulphur Queen.
Ophiopogon jaburan fol. aureo var. — This
plant is now in charming form in the New Holland
house at Gunnersbury Park. The foliage is brightly
variegated, and the plants are throwing up numerous
spikes of deep blue flowers something resembling
those of the feathered Hyacinth. It is pretty nearly
hardy, for Mr, Roberts states that it will stand l8° of
frost. It is certainly a most useful pot plant at this
season of the year, and very efl'ective for decorative
purposes,
Amaryllis Bella Donna. — This is now flower-
ing in grand form at Gunnersbury Park. A few years
since Mr. Roberts made a permanent bed, 2 feet in
width, along the south front of one of his plant
houses. This house is in two divisions, and the east
portion is kept somewhat warmer than the other.
This fact has a singular, though, perhaps, not alto-
gether unexpected effect on these plants, for at the
warm end they are earlier, stronger in growth, and
nearly every plant is throwing from two to five flower-
stems. At the cooler end of the house the growth is
later, less regular, not so robust, and the flowers are
somewhat sparingly produced. The nature of the
border is the same throughout ; the position is similar,
and it must be the greater amount of warmth finding
its way into the ground which accounts for the differ-
ence in development.
Nerines. — A collection of these is now flowering
at Gunnersbury Park, and it is pleasant to_find this
very showy autumn-flowering plant so well cared for
by Mr. Roberts. There is a fairly good representa-
tion of the different forms. One of the most showy
appears to be N. flexuosa ; this has large trusses of
rich deep scarlet flowers. The plants are in 4S-sized
and 32-sized pots, and occupy a cold frame on a
southern aspect.
Crocus speciosus. ~ This beautiful autumnal
Crocus is now blooming in fine form — large flowers
of a rich pale blue, pencilled with bright blue lines in
the interior. A few bulbs put into the open border
two or three years ago are flowering finely, and there
is no variety of C. vernus can vie with it in beauty.
It need scarcely be stated that it deserves a place in
every garden.
Messrs. Veitch sends us specimens of some very
beautiful autumn-flowering shrubs, which amply
deserve notice : —
Caryopteeis mastacanthus is a Japanese shrub
of the Verbena family, with purplish downy stems,
opposite stalked leaves of lanceolate form, coarsely
toothed, deep green above, hoary beneath ; the
numerous flowers are borne in stalked axillary clusters,
each about half an inch long with a tubular calyx, and a
two-lipped pale blue corolla beyond which the stamens
protrude. As we hope soon to figure the plant we
defer further particulars, contenting ourselves now by
saying that is one of the best and most showy of hardy
flowering shrubs.
Clerodendrum trichotomum is a shrub with
bold foliage, the leaves large, stalked, ovate-acute,
downy on both surfaces. The numerous flowers are
borne in terminal panicles, each having a five-angled
ventricose calyx of a purplish tint, about half an inch
long. From this protrudes the slender tube of the
corolla, which ends in a flat five-lobed whitish limb
about an inch across, the narrow blunt lobes diverging
like the rays of a star. As in others of the genus,
the stamens protrude far beyond the corolla.
CROPPING FRUIT TREE
BORDERS.
Apple and other fruit trees would undoubtedly
be more free from canker and other evils to which
they are liable if the practice of cropping, and the
consequent digging of the soil in which they are grow-
ing, were entirely discontinued. The repeated dis-
turbance of the surface soil naturally compels, as it
were, the feeding roots to take refuge in the subsoil,
and when this is of an unfavourable nature, as is
frequently the case, canker is almost certain to be the
result, together with an unhealthy and unfruitful con-
dition of the trees. This is more particularly the
case when the soil happens to be of a light character,
and the subsoil composed of sand or gravel. Of
whatever character, however, the soil may be, it is
always advisable to encourage the roots towards the
surface, and this may generally be accomplished by
the judicious application of surface-dressings or
mulchings ; while digging and cropping has invari ,
ably a contrary effect, viz., that of driving them into
the crude and uncongenial subsoil, remote from the
beneficial influences of sun and air. In most gardens
land is valuable, or, at least, can ill be spared ;
but, generally speaking little or nothing is gained
by cropping close up to the stems of fruit trees ;
although this is just the practice which is most
commonly pursued. While, on the contrary, it
might be adopted as a rule, and that with advan-
tage, to avoid digging or cropping nearer to the
stem of a fruit tree than the radius or extent of its
branches, this portion of soil to be regarded as sacred
to the roots of the tree whose boughs shade or
over hang it. At the same time this portion of soil
should be by no means neglected, but should from
time to time be surface-dressed or mulched when con-
sidered necessary, but no spade should be allowed to
enter it ; and if found desirable to occasionally
slightly stir the surface, this operation can always be
performed with a fork.
In the case of fruit trees trained to walls it is equally
essential, or even more so than in the case of standard
trees, that the roots should not be disturbed or muti-
lated by the operation of digging, or the soil which
ought to be allowed them as feeding ground ex-
hausted by the gross feeding roots of culinary vege-
tables. But this is too frequently the case, and, being
so, why should it appear at all wonderful that such
trees are short-lived, or soon become unhealthy and
unfruitful ? It hardly appears reasonable to think
that in the case of such valuable and highly appre-
ciated fruits as the Apricot, the Peach, and even the
Plum and the Pear, the necessary portion of land
required as feeding ground for the roots of the trees
which produce the same should be begrudged or
denied. It might be accepted as a sine ipiA non
that the breadth of land allowed for the exclusive
use of the roots of trees trained to walls should not be
less than two-thirds of the height of the walls to
which they are trained. If even more than this were
allowed to established trees which had covered and
October 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
429
reached the top of the walls, so much the better ; and
the space thus assigned to the use of the roots should
also have the necessary attention of watering, occa-
sional surface-dressing and mulching during dry
weather. Various materials may, of course, be used
for the latter purpose, such as stable-manure, tree
leaves, and the mowings of lawns, &c. ; and if the
first-mentioned, which is decidedly the best, should
be considered unsightly, this may easily be remedied
by slightly covering it with a portion of the latter.
But to revert to the case of standard fruit trees —
which, by-the-bye, are far from being desirable in
vegetable gardens, their presence being highly inju-
rious to culinary crops of all kinds, for it may
truly be said that fruit trees, or at all events large
standard trees and culinary vegetables inflict seri-
ous injury upon each other. The orchard is the
proper place for the former, and it is there where
they are generally found to succeed best : orchards
being in most cases laid down in grass the trees are
consequently benefited by having their roots undis-
turbed. As -corroborative of the great advantage of
immunity in this respect may be mentioned the cir-
cumstance of our having many years ago planted with
standard Apple trees a large piece of ground which
had during many years been used as a nursery ground
for the raising of forest trees, &c. The soil was
exceedingly light and thin, and the subsoil was any-
thing but congenial, being composed of a soft barren
sand.
Stations were duly formed for the reception of the
trees, by adding to the original soil a considerable
portion of what was considered as soil of better
quality. The trees were carefully planted, and duly
attended to in the way of watering and mulching, and
for a time they appeared to thrive tolerably well, the
land around them being annually dressed with such
light fertilising materials as could be obtained, and
annually producing fair crops of Potatos or Carrots
alternately, but in the course of a few years most of
the trees became unhealthy, and some of them died.
The roots appeared to have exhausted the portion of
good soil which had been supplied to them, and had
passed into the very inferior subsoil — and it appeared
evident that most, if not all, of them would come to a
premature end. The experiment of laying down
the land around them in grass was tried, and this
proved to be in all respects a most effective remedy,
for soon after this had been done the trees began to
improve in health, and up to the present time they
continue in a healthy and fruitful condition, while on
examination their roots are found to be close to the
surface, or just under the greensward. P. Grieve,
BAMBOOS.
In looking through one of the London parks some
short time since we were rather struck by the paucity
of the efforts that had been made with the genus
Bambusa in the decoration of those parts of the place
called the subtropical garden, for with the solitary
exception of one large group, and one or more small
solitary groups standing near the water, there was
nothing more to be seen. This is the rather to be
wondered at, as many kinds are hardy enough to
stand out with but little protection in the latitude of
London. They are also so perfectly foreign-looking,
and so totally different from the plant forms of northern
climes, that they always form beautiful contrasts with
our foliage, and with that of the tropics equally so.
The fact of being classed among the hardier plants
should render them more popular for garden embel-
lishment than those tender things that need winter
protection indoors, adding thereby much to the cost
of the garden and to the cares of the gardener. A
few combinations of Bamboos with flowering plants
can be recommended as being very effective, such as
with Clematis Jackmanni, allowed to cling and ramble
over it. According to fancy other kinds of Clema-
tis can be chosen, the more rampant the better, as
well as TropKoIums of the tall growing kinds, or such
kinds as T. speciosum, T. peregrinum, or Everlasting
Peas in their several varieties. Some of the lighter
growing climbing Roses might also be employed,
using light rods to support them at intervals.
The Bamboos are capital centre pieces for sunny
courts, formally arranged with some distinct large
leaved plant, as Gunnera scabra, or G. manicata,
Aralia papyrifera, cut down to a low height, not left
with bare crooked legs of 6 feet or more, as they are
sometimes seen ; Polygonum cuspidatum, Bocconia
cordata, or coloured leaved Cannas, and Gladioli
with bright flowers, or dwarf Kicinus, like (iibsoni.
The above are all capital margin plants for a group.
It need hardly be said that any of the Palms, hardy
enough to endure our cool summers, will assort
beautifully with the Bamboos— especially when the
specimen is tall enough to show up from out of a
dense thicket of the other. Aletris (Dracsena)
fragrans, when grown to 5 or 6 feet high, and Costus
imperialis go well together with it. Panicum sulcatum
is an effective plant to work in with Bamboos that
attain a height of 7 feet or more, being capable of
forming a foreground undergrowth — or surrounding
belt — the pendulous foliage of the one contrasting well
with the slender erect growth of the other. Among
the sorts which are useful to plant in this country are
B. metake, which will grow, when well established in
good soil, from 7 to 9 feet ; B. aurea striata, smaller ;
B. Fortunei, quite a miniature kind.
A Portuguese Garden : Pereira, Almada.
— As wild flowers are coming to the front at flower
shows, why should they not appear in the garden also,
where they are calculated to produce an excellent
effect ? Indeed, a perfectly wild garden may be made
with them alone, and a very glowing one, too. Of
course I do not suppose that persons keeping gar-
dens (?) for furnishing, or "cutting and coming again,"
will care about them. Bouquetists are not gardeners
who love their plants — it is not their business to do
that ; their flower-stands are very pleasing, their
grounds are awful. This would seem to be the
modern English garden par excellence. Plants are
valued for the persistence of their flowers in water ;
even the beautiful Ferns seem to be only valued in
proportion as they are good for cutting ! I always
fight shy of plants which are only praised for their
furnishing qualities until I know more of them.
Bouquetists raise many plants for their purposes which
are not quite suitable to make a garden showy ; and
this is no doubt the reason why some beautiful and
splendid flowers are now not to be obtained in the
trade. They are not raised, because they are not fit
for a bouquet. There are plenty of cut Masdevallias,
Roses, &c., to be had in the market-place to decorate
the whole house fresh every morning, but if you send
the gardener out every morning to divest the garden
of flowers, where is the pleasure when you turn out
yourself after breakfast or in the cool of the evening ?
The owner of the Buckinghamshire Garden loves his
garden, and I sympathise with him, although I have
not the pleasure of knowing him.
My garden is really twofold. I have my garden,
which my dear better half does not like, though she
admits I have many fine things in it. Well, perhaps
she is right. Drosophyllums and such-like have no
flowers in the ordinary sense. My wife's garden is all
flowers, variegated-leaved plants, and some Ferns.
She had seen a group in one of our friends' gardens
formed thus : — A Musa paradisiaca, the hardiest
and tallest in the centre ; then a circle of Canna
isiodes ; next a circle of Colocasia esculenta, with its
fine leaves ; next /Ethiopian Callas ; then variegated
Ribbon-grass ; after this the blue-flowered Spider-
plant, edged with a very dark Pansy or Viola. A
splendid group, no doubt, and the more rain the
finer. I made the following group, consisting of wild
flowers : — In the centre I placed some of the tall
Asphodels, much finer than the Ilyacinthus candicans
for effect ; then a circle of what we call here the
Snake-plant, an Arum with white stems spotted
dark. I am not sure that it is indigenous, but it
grows wild close by. Next, Ornithogalum arabicum,
intermixed with the beautiful snow-white Allium, of
about the same height ; then a circle of the blue
large-trussed Squill — some call it Scilla peruviana,
I don't know why, as it grows in plenty in the sands
hereabouts [named in error by the original describer].
Then I got some Pancratiums, which grow so plen-
tifully on the shore hereabouts. I was sorry after-
wards, as their smell was too overpowering in the
evening ; I then placed, to strike off the group, a
circle of Lachenalia tricolor — not a wild plant, though
a pest in my garden : they will turn up where you do
not want them ; and as an edging (a broad one) a
mixture of the low-growing Squills (country people
here call them Hyacinths), the double burnt-yellow
Oxalis, in plenty on a cliff here — I have never been
able to find the single form. They grow in company
with the large King's Yellow species. Perhaps its
double form, the charming little Narcissus monlanus,
and a pink or mauve-coloured cormous plant ; they
will have it it is a Crocus, but it is not exactly like the
wild Crocus on the sands, or like the garden Crocus ;
it grows on the rather swampy ground in the south-
east of the Palmetta Mountains — they struck me for
the splendid effect a large extent of them produced ;
and as an edging, some Ice-plants — they grow up the
Tagus, on some dry mounds. This group had a fine
effect until June ; I then h<ad them cast away, and
grouped a large batch of Cistus which I had potted in
winter, the large white Gum Cistus and the quinque-
niaculatusin the centre, and the charming rose-coloured
and yellows next. I edged this group with Portulacas
though not a wild plant, but they glow and glow the
more sun they get. An extraordinary mass of flower
this group has been. A friend of mine is getting up
a shady walk formed only of indigenous wild trees
and shrubs, and it will end in being as fine as any
other. There are innumerable wild flowers worth a
place in the garden ; they only require collecting in
the rainy season, or a little before, when bulbs, mark-
ing the spots when in flower. There are beautiful
ground Orchids, and as for bulbs any quantity, espe-
cially along the seaside shores and rocks. Chev, de
Monteiro.
flopta' Jlauj^ra.
Seasonable Notes : The Auricula. — So far
as I have been able to visit other growers and inspect
their collections it seems that the plants are excep-
tionally good this year. Mr. Charles Turner's collec-
tion at Slough is not only larger than usual and con-
tains many finer varieties, but it is in capital condi-
tion, scarcely any of the small plants show for bloom,
and not a great many of the large specimens. The
plants are freely aired night and day, and well shaded
from the sun by a dense growth of Poplars. Where
the plants are in very shady summer quarters they
ought to be moved out into the open ground before
the middle of this month. Any plants that still per-
sist in throwing up trusses should have the flower-
buds removed as soon as they can be pinched out
with the fingers. These plants must have rather more
water applied to the roots than those that have not
flowered this autumn. Seedlings must be grown on
freely, to get them up to a flowering size before the
winter sets in ; but at all times they require plenty of
air, and to be kept quite free from greenfly.
Carnations and Picotees, — No time should
now be lost in getting all the young plants potted up
into large and small 6o-sized pots. We pot two layers
into a large 60 and one into the small size. When
the layers are potted up we place them into frames,
plunged in cocoa-nut fibre, and the lights are kept
rather close until the plants have drawn roots. The
operation of potting must be carefully performed, as
many of the layers have but few roots, and they are
easily injured. Allusion was made to some of the
pipings which were put in at the time ol layering
(see p. 302). These have rooted well, and most of
them are now potted off. Perpetual Carnations must
now be well looked after. The flowers open very
well in a greenhouse temperature at present, but in a
few weeks they will not do so, and the plants must
be placed with Bouvardias, zonal Pelargoniums, &c.,
in a warmer temperature.
Dahlias. — These are still looking very well. The
weather has not been at all cold, and the flowers open
as well as they have ever done at any other season of the
year. This will not last very long, as the time for
sudden frosts is at hand. Some people hasten to take
up the Dahlia roots as soon as they are cut down, but
there need be no hurry to do this ; it will be timeenough
early in November. The pot-roots, when they have
been allowed to become dry, should be stored away
where they will be safe for the winter. Those who
are saving seeds should do so in dry weather. It is
to be had in plenty from the single forms. These are
more easily raised from seeds annually than by
cuttings.
Gladioli. — There will still be a few spikes in
bloom from the latest plants, and the seeds may not
all be saved. Gather the pods as soon as they open,
430
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
and lay them up in a dry place. About the end of
the month the bulbs must be lifted ; there are some
who recommend lifting the whole of the plant at once,
and laying them in under glass in cocoa-nut (ibre or
some similar material. I have done this, but never found
it answer so well as cutting the plants over close to
the crown of the bulbs at once. It is best to dig
them up in dry weather, and they must also be laid
out in a dry airy room to be well dried before they
are stored away.
Hollyhocks. — AVe will not put in any more
cuttings now. Those that have been put in have
rooted very well, and they have been all potted off
with few exceptions into the pots in which they will
pass the winter. We are gathering seeds as we can
get them dry, but the recent heavy rains have not
been favourable to the saving of seeds. As soon as
the seeds are gathered the tall flower-stems may be
cut over near the base, and a convenient opportunity
may be taken to dig up the plants and plant them
out in a cold frame for the winter ; or they may be
potted up, and the pots be placed on a shelf near the
glass in a greenhouse or vinery. The cuttings can be
obtained from these sooner than from the plants in
the frame.
Pansies.— If the plants propagated from cuttings
in August are now strong enough, they should be
planted out in beds about a foot apart. There will
yet be time for them to become well established
before the winter. The inexperienced grower says,
" It is not worth while to dig the ground deep for
Pansies, as the roots ate of a small fibrous nature, and
do not run far from the plants." In this they are
greatly mistaken ; the roots will penetrate to a depth
of 2 feet, and if the nature of the soil admits of it we
would trench it to that depth, working in plenty of
rotten cow manure. This manure retains moisture
well during the hot dry days of summer. Those who
cannot afford the luxury of a heiited greenhouse will
find the best varieties well adapted for frame culture ;
they produce very beautiful blooms early in the year
when frosts are intense and the snow lies on the
ground. The plants for pot-culture ought to be pro-
pagated in July,
Pinks.— The ground whereon the beds of these are
to be planted should be prepared very much the same
as for the Pansy. The plants should be put out now
without any delay ; they will root into the new soil at
once. If they are not established before the winter,
theyare thrown out of the ground by the first frosts, and
it lequiies a person to be constantly looking over them,
as frost and thaw alternate, in order to press the
plants firmly into the ground. Large worms also
burrow under some of the plants; they will even
draw a small specimen into their holes. Slugs will
eat the leaves ; they come out to feed at dusk. Soot
sprinkled round the plants will kill the slugs and
annoy the worms. The leather-coated grub also feeds
at night ; a large specimen of this voracious garden
pest will eat up a plant in a night— sprinkling with
soot does not seem to make much difl^erence ; the
best way is to watch for them at night when they are
feeding, and pick them off with the fingers, and so
destroy them. The forcing Pinks should now be
potted up into the pots in which they are to bloom.
We pot large clumps into 6-inch pots. These have
been produced by putting in cuttings early in May, or
even in April ; they are grown on for a few weeks in
frames, and are inured to the open air in June. They
are planted out a foot apart early in that month.
Mrs. Sinkins has been much extolled as a good
white, but the mass of petals, which usually burst the
pods, sadly lack the refinement of Lady Blanche ;
Lord Lyons is by far the best of the purple type ;
Mrs. Moore and Mrs. Pettifer are good purple and
white varieties.
The Polyanthus. — The growers are now
anxiously looking out for certain varieties to replenish
their stock. It is quite time they were potted up
from the open ground ; we prefer to pot them in
August, but this year were not able to do so until the
middle of September. It was necessary to aip the
leaves in a solution of nicotine soap to kill greenfly
and also red-spider. Some of the best growers,
instead of potting their plants, plant them out in
frames. The best lot of Polyanthus I ever saw were
grown in this way in Mr. Brockbank's garden at
Brockhurst, Didsbury, near Manchester. One would
like to know the system of mangement that produced
such strong healthy flowering examples. J. Douglas.
FRUIT NOTES.
Strawberries. — The Florist for September con-
tains a coloured figure and descriptions of two new
Strawberries raised by Mr. Laxton. King of the
Eatlies was raised from flowers of Vicomtesse Heri-
cart de Thury fertilised with pollen from Black
Prince. It has the fruit of Vicomtesse and the
foliage ol Black Prince, and is very fertile. Mr.
Laxton's object was to obtain a first early market
Strawberry, in which he believes he has been success-
ful. The Captain was raised from Crown Prince
crossed with Forman's Excelsior. The fruit is large,
fine-flavoured, and of a bright scarlet throughout. It
is a second early.
Lane's Prince Albert Apple.— The note pub-
lished at p. 40S induced me to go and see this splen-
did Apple "in its greatest beauty" at Messrs. Lane
& Son's, at Betkhamsted. I was well rewarded for
doing so, for certainly never before have I seen such
an Apple-picture. I am a connoisseur in Apples, and
not only greatly esteem really good sorts, but greatly
admire the trees when laden with well-swelled well-
coloured fruit. I may say that I have seen this
variety in some former seasons, growing in the same
positions as those now referred to, but never before
have I seen the fruit in such abundance, such beauty,
and such perfection. In the immense orchard planted
by Mr. Lane some nine or ten years since may be seen
row after row of well-established bushy trees having
the branches literally bowed down with the weight of
fruit upon them, the fruit being this season exception-
ally large, and when favourably placed in sunny expo-
sures having the skin deep dyed with crimson, this
rich colour being in many cases handsomely streaked
with lines of deeper crimson. The finest selected
samples were indeed pictures of beauty. The young
trees in the nursery quarters are perfectly astounding
for the quantity and quality of the fruit they are bear-
ing. The home trees— young nursery stock — which
were last year, as I was told, referred to in your
columns as presenting such an overwhelming crop, are
this year a size larger, but equally furnished through-
out with Apples of the largest size and richest colour-
ing. This high colour is a feature I was not prepared
to see, and is I presume attributable to the increased
vigour of the trees, to the genial summer we have
had, which has favoured free and unchecked develop-
ment, and especially to the bright sunshine which
greeted them during the period when they were taking
their last swelling, and which has literally dyed their
cheeks with crimson blushes. That such a constant
bearing sort should have borne well in the present
season is not to be wondered at, seeing that the
Apple crop is so universally good ; still it is only fair
to state that in this respect Prince Albert has not
been a source of disappointment, seeing that bushels
upon bushels already occupy the fruit-room shelves ;
but it is even more to the point to add that even in
the worst of seasons, during the period these trees
have been known to me, they have never failed to pro-
duce a fairly good crop when other sorts have been
barren and unfruitful. Fro bono publico.
SPRING BULBS FOR COOL
GREENHOUSES.
{Caitciuded from page 394.)
Fuschkinia scilloiJes.—X very pretty little bulbous
plant, producing umbels of Scilla-like flowers of a
silvery-white colour, with the divisions of the perianth
each marked with a medial band of azure-blue, which
is very pleasing. It is a rare little gem, and rather
variable, a fact which has given rise to the names of
P. libanotica and compacta, but Mr. Baker, of Kew,
informs me they are nothing more than varieties of
scilloides. This is an extremely interesting and
pretty plant.
Sisytincliium grandiflorum. — A lovely little gem,
producing grass-like foliage and pendulous bell-shaped
flowers of a rich plum-purple, and there is a white-
flowered variety named alba, which is also extremely
pretty ; one ol the prettiest pots I had last spring was
plants of each variety mixed together in the same
pot, and when in flower they were simply fascinating.
Scilla bifolia and Varieties. — The typical form
produces erect racemes of rich blue flowers very
early in the year. Alba, as its name implies, has
white flowers, and purely while they are too— very
lovely. Rosea produces pink flowers all about the
same form and size, and good. Pots of bulbs are
very showy, especially the white and blue varieties,
the pink not being so pronounced.
Scilla sibirica. — This is almost t©o well known to
require any description, but it is not so much used
for cool house decoration as it deserves to be, as it can
be purchased very cheaply. Several pots can be made
up at a nominal cost, and the bright blue flowers
materially help to light up the front row of plants in
the greenhouse or conservatory, and the flowers are
very serviceable in a cut state.
Trillium grandiflorum (the American Wood Lily).
• — The pure white flowers are nestled in the three
deep green leaflets at the top of the stems, and they
last a much longer time under glass than they do
outside, and when the tubers are fully developed very
large flowers are produced, measuring 4 inches or
more across. It may easily be had in flower in March
and onward till the end of May, and how unique it is
in appearance.
Tritelcia uniflora. — A very free-growing bulbous
plant, sending up solitary white flowers about I inch
across, and there is a variety named violacea which
produces purplish flowers. Both forms are very
desirable, and the bulbs should be placed thickly in
the pots to make a good display. This you can afford
to do, as they are very cheap, and the pots of star-
like blooms will well repay you for the outlay and
trouble.
Tulipa Greigi. — One of the most brilliant and
earliest of all Tulips, with glaucous spotted foliage,
and large crimson-scarlet flowers with large black
blotches inside. A blaze of colour, and managed with
the least degree of trouble. Without doubt one of the
finest bulbs in cultivation.
T. triphylla. — Another gem, coming in about the
same time as the last, with bright canary-yellow
flowers not so large as those of T. Greigi, but very
showy. One of the very prettiest species of Tulipa,
T. retroflexa. — A very fine thing, producing large
soft yellow flowers, 5 or 6 inches across, or even more.
When fully expanded the tips of the perianth segments
turn backwards, when the flowers have a very striking
and distinctive appearance ; indeed, they are so un-
like anything else in flower that they are singled out
as special favourites.
I might enumerate many other species, and in
making out this list I do not wish it to be understood
that the numerous and beautiful varieties of Tulips,
Hyacinths, &c., are depreciated ; on the contrary, one
would encourage them as well. Bulbopkile.
COLONIAL NOTES.
New Zealand Plants.— The following are some
plants of New Zealand worthy of cultivation. The
Veronicas are very pretty, and in great variety ; sixty
species are recorded as being found in the colony
which are not found in any other part of the world.
Here they assume such a variety of forms that some
appear as mimics of other classes of plants : some of
them resemble the Willow, the Cypress, and the Box ;
one is like a variety of Lycopodium, some form a neat
mat of Nertera depressa-like growth; others are
beautifully arranged in shoots and foliage ; and, again,
there^is one variety, which, when it attains five or six
years' growth, resembles a half globe of beautiful
pea-green foliage, thickly studded with flowers on
every shoot. One variety resembles the red-tinted
leaved Epacris, others have a frosted silvery appear-
ance. As a whole, the Veronicas are a very pretty
class, ranging from a few inches high to fine shrubs
and trees. They bloom almost perpetually, and may
be increased by cuttings as easily as the Laurel.
Their culture is so simple that almost any one caii
manage them. Some of the more compact forms of
growth would be highly appreciated by gardeners for
balcony decoration, even when not in bloom. Of
the Senecios there are many varieties, some of them
being large shrubs ; and the alpine forms of the genus
have leaves not unlike those of Indian Rhododen-
drons ; some are clothed with brown hairs, while
others have a silvery-white down ; others, again, have
leaves like Saxifraga crassifolia : one of these with
white tomentum is named Seneciosaxifragoides, a sort
that grows near the sea-shore, thriving on rocky ledges
fully exposed to the sun and winds, and is a fine rock
plant. The flower (yellow) is nearly two inches
across. The climbing Senecio, when found grow-
ing in shady places, sends out a wirelike growth
of shoots 6 to ID feet long, clothed their whole length
with pretty green leaves about the size of a penny
OCTOBtR 6, 1883.]
TNII GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
431
piece, resembling Linaria cymbalatia in form ; it
would make a splendid basket plant, or for other
purposes, if grown in the shade. This plant when
found exposed to the sun is quite a dilfeient looking
plant, being smaller in leaf and having a starved
appearance, thus proving it to be a shade-loving plant.
The Tea tree of the settlers, a Leptospermum, is a
very pretty Ileath-like plant with flowers like the
Myrtle, white with a dark centre, that appear in early
summer. Clematis indivisa blooms in early summer,
and occasionally clothes the giants of the forest as
with a white mantle, or climbing over smaller shrubs,
displays, on nearer view, the chaste flowers which
hang in graceful festoons of several yards in length.
The Astelias are curious Pine-apple-like plants, with
leaves 3 inches broad ; one variety, named A. grandis,
is found in moist places amongst scrub. Some old
specimens have a dozen crowns, and attain to
4 or 5 feet in height. Usually their leaves are green,
but occasionally a varietyis seen, having them curiously
stained and blotched with a port-wine tint ; this and
the green-leaved variety would be useful table plants,
or for grouping with Ferns, flourishing under the
same treatment as these. The flowers are not
attractive, but in autumn the flower-spike bears a
number of scarlet pulpy berries, like Asparagus seeds.
There are several varieties, but the one just noticed
is the most attractive. Astelia nervosa has a rusty
silvery appearance, but being an alpine variety it is
rarely seen in gardens.
Our alpine plants, when better known, should meet
with much attention, they being exceedingly curious ;
but little notice has been taken of them up to the
present time. It is singular that none of the Primulas
have been found here indigenous to New Zealand,
the nearest to them being Samolus litoralis, a trailing
plant, its white flowers being in shape and size like
those of a Nemophila. The native Ferns are well
known to most cultivators, but they are best seen in
their native habitats assembled as it were in little
kingdoms of various classes bearing their distinctive
plumes as badges of their orders, making i^ome parts
of the forest scenery very grand— a view of a long
stretch of undulating hill-side clothed with dwarf and
beautifully tinted shrubs, while here and there above
their heads peep out conspicuously Cordyline australis,
the Nikau Palm, Areca sapida, Dicksonias, Cyatheas
— these nobles of vegetation appearing to rejoice in
the protection afforded them. John Dultou, Chrht
Church, New Zealand.
quire potting, as these will soon be starting into
renewed growth. Pleiones commencing to flower
should be placed in a dry corner of this house
and a little moisture at the root will be bene-
ficial to them duiing their flowering season.
Plants of Odontoglossom vexillarium growing in this
house should now be put on shelves, or elevated so
as to be near the glass, as this species makes most of
its growth during the winter season. Any that arc
in riglit condition for potting should be looked over
without delay. Give thorough drainage to this plant,
and use nothing about its roots except the best fibrous
peat and sphagnum moss— two parts of the former to
one of the latter. Pot it as firm as the material will
allow, and water carefully at all times, as this plant
should never be soddened at any time, nor ever be
allowed to feel the ellects of drought. Oiher Odon-
toglots in this house, such as O. hastilabium, O.
naavium, and O. citrosmum, will be making up their
growths, and after this is completed less water will
be needed by these than plants of the same genus
that will stand the temperature of the cool-house.
The most careful attention must be bestowed
in the watering of the Cattleyas after this date,
as any slopping of water about carelessly, if
allowed to get into the sheaths of the half-developed
bulbs will soon cause irreparable mischief by causing
the bulbs to rot. Plants of C. TrianK, C. chocoensis,
and other winter flowering kinds that may have com-
pleted their growth will only need sufficient water to
keep them from shrivelling. Others just starling,
such as C. crispa and La;lia purpurata, must be kept
just damp, while any that have their bulbs half deve-
loped may be kept moist, but allow them to get
moderately dry at this season of the year before giving
them a fresh supply. The atmospheric conditions of
this house must be watched closely during the
autumn and winter, as anything approaching a close
stuffy condition must be avoided. All pots and other
surfaces on which conferva generally grows should
be thoroughly cleansed before winter, as it is impos-
sible to keep a dry atmosphere in this house where
conferva abounds. 7- Robots, Cunnenbury Paik
Gardens.
Masdevallia Davisii. — This very distinct Peru-
vian species is now in bloom in the Odontoglossum
house at tiunnersbury Park. Mr. Roberts states that
it is the only one that flowers in autumn. The flowers
are solitary, and of a rich golden-yellow. It is in
marked contrast to the brilliant forms like M. Lin-
deni, M. Harryana, M. Veitchii, &c.
rd\i(l J^olt'i and ileaiiinri;).
WoRic IN THE Houses. — The active season of
growth among these plants will now be nearly over,
and a reduction in the temperature of the warm
and intermediate houses will be necessary, as any
growth made under undue excitement after this date
by the plants in the East Indian house would be sure
to get attacked with " spot " or other disease. Safe
temperatures for another month in the East India-
house will be 68° at night and 75° by day, with a rise
of a few degrees on sunny days. The Cattleya-house
should stand about 63° at night and 68° by day.
The temperature of the cool-house will be easily
regulated at the present season, as the natural
conditions of the atmosphere are just now most
suitable to these plants. Should a sudden change
to cold occur, or the wind remain easterly for any
length of time, the airing of the latter house must
be done cautiously. With reduced temperatures
less atmospheric moisture will be needed, more
especially if the weather be such that pretty liberal
ventilation cannot be indulged in with safety. All
watering should be got through early in the day, re-
ducing the supply slightly to all continuous growing
plants such as Aerides and Vandas. Phalosnopsis
that have completed their growth, should be kept
slightly drier to prevent them making a fresh attempt
at growth ; any that may be now pushing out young
leaves or others with their leaves half-formed should
be placed together in the warmest part of the house,
so as to encourage them forward while a moderate
amount of daylight remains. Shadings should now
be dispensed with except on the very hottest days for
another week or so, or when a hot day occurs after a
spell of dull weather. In the Cattleya-house the
Oncidium ornithotrynchum and 0. incurvum will re-
air is reduced for the evening. Give the inside border
sufficient water to keep the berries plump and healthy,
and the outside border will now be better protected
with shutters to throw off the autumn rains. All
newly-planted vineries must have the front and back
ventilators left open night and day until they are
pruned and ready for starting, and have clear cold
water at the roots when the inside border is dry. All
pot Vines will now have their wood ripened, and can
be placed outside, plunging the pots in cocoa-nut
fibre refuse, and lying the growths up to prevent them
being damaged by the wind. Do not let them sufl'er
for water at the roots, for when the wood is hard and
well ripened they will still require plenty of water to
keep them healthy. Joshua Atkins.
iBrapes an6 Uineries.
The earliest house will now be ready for pruning,
and must not be pruned back too hard ; but where
very early pruning is required for early forcing it is
always best to prune back to a good eye, for very
often the earliest eyes are made when the sun and
light are very feeble, and are in consequence not so
prominent as those made later. The Vines, if so
pruned, will not have so neat an appearance, but
will show better bunches. After pruning dress the
cuts over with styptic to prevent bleeding, and if the
border is dry water with clear cold water a few days
after pruning. Cover over Ihe outside borders with
shutters, to throw off the autumn rains. If the borders
are in a bad state the present is a good time to top-
dress or renew them, taking out all the old soil as
deep as can be done without damaging the roots and
using for a top-dressing good turfy loam with half-
inch bones and charcoal. Afterwards press the soil
firmly round the roots, and give the border a good
watering. Houses from which all the fruit has been
removed must have plenty of air on the front and
back ventilators night and day, and plenty of water
at the roots to keep them healthy. The decayed
leaves must be gathered up as they fall, to keep the
houses tidy. Houses in which ripe fruit is hanging
must be kept as advised in my last Calendar. All
Muscats will now be ripe, and the temperature can
be kept at night at 55° for the next week, and be
reduced a few degrees afterwards, for Muscats will
always keep betterwith a little fire-heatused cautiously.
Give sufficient water at the roots to keep the berries
plump and healthy, and give air on the front and back
ventilators according to the external atmosphere, for
Muscats will not keep well if subject to cold draughts.
All late varieties of Grapes will now be ripe, and
must have the temperature lowered to 50° at night,
and plenty of air on the front and back ventilators on
all favourable occasions, for if the external atmo-
sphere is damp it is better to keep the house closed
and use very little fire-heat, than to open the venti-
lators and use fire-heat ; but on bright days open the
front and back ventilators and use a little fire-heat
until mid-day, when it must be turned off before the
Im |n.;(Iir |.;uit |anl(tn.
The gathering and storing of Apples and Pears
must now be proceeded with, selecting, if possible,
fine and dry weather for the operation. The frost and
high winds usually experienced in October, and the
readiness with which most kinds now separate from
the tree, are indications sufficient to gather and store.
The fruit should be handled as little and as carefully
as possible ; the baskets used for gathering them in,
and the hampers or boxes for conveying them to the
fruit-room should be lined with straw, hay, or any
other material of a similar description. Early varie-
ties of Apples, which are generally soft, should be laid
out singly on shelves in the fruit-room ; but late
keeping kinds, which are of a harder and firrner
texture, if kept in the hampers until the usual sweating
has taken place, and then stored in boxes, large
drawers, or even small barrels, first of all lining them
with straw or dry bracken Fern, will keep much
belter, and do not shrivel, than if, as generally prac-
tised, laid out singly on shelves ; besides, they keep
for a much longer period. The fruit-room should be
so situated and ventilated that an even, dry and cool
temperature can be maintained. Venlilation should
be given only when the external air coiresponds with
the internal. When storing late keeping kinds all
bruised or damaged and spotted fruit, the results of
canker, should be rejected, and if culinary kinds, may
be used at once.
The Root-Pkuning and Planting of Fruit
Trees should now be commenced, both operations
being attended with the best results if performed
early in the season. Trees requiring root-pruning are
usually those which retain Iheir foliage in a green
state. Afler Ihe operation is performed the foliage
should be frequently syringed, to prevent the leaves
and growth shrivelling up. The roots of Ihese and
newly planted trees should be well mulched with
stable litter, and the latter secured to stakes wilh tar
coid if pyramids or standards, say three to each, about
2 feet from the stem ; this allows the settling of the
soil and the roots of the tree wilh it, which cannot
take place so perfectly if the stake is driven in close
to the stem and made secure to it.
Peaches and Nectarines should occupy walls wilh
southern aspects, both early and late varieties requir-
ing the full benefit of all the sun possible. Plums of
early and late kinds can be obtained from east or
western aspects, and to extend the season of late kinds
a north wall will suflice. Pears should occupy posi-
tions on each wall, and not confining one variety,
especially the mid-season ones, to one wall, but plant
on each if possible ; the season for use will thus be
considerably extended. Apples of some kinds, espe-
cially the Ribston Pippin, the best of .all dessert
Apples, are greatly improved by training against a wall.
For gardens of small dimensions, in the open
quarters or borders espaliers or cordons should be
planted, as they can be confined to a small space, and
do not injure or cause inconvenience to crops of vege-
tables ; but for large gardens nothing looks so hand-
some as well-lrained pyramids, which can be made
fruitful by pinching and stopping and root-pruning, so
that the shape and appearance of the tree shall not be
had at the expense of a crop of fruit. Plantations of
Raspberries, Gooseberries, and Currants can now be
made, first of all trenching and well manuring the
ground. Cuttings of the two latter fruits, if taken
and put in now, before the foliage has entirely left
them, will soon emit roots, and be better prepared for
a good start in spring, than if deferred till late in the
season. A mulching of manure may now be given to
Strawberries, which serves not only lor stimulating and
perfecting the growth and crown, but also protects the
roots which are near the surface, during severe and
frosty weather.
Cob-nuts and Filberts should be taken in and placed
in a dry room until the husks are perfectly dry, when
they may be stored away. Walnuts, when thoroughly
dried, should be stored in boxes in dry sand, to keep
the kernel from drying and shrivelling up. D. C.
Pozvell, Potihierham, Dnon.
432
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[OCTOMR 6, 1883,
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
' Sale of Imported Orchids and Dutch Bulbs,
at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
Royal Horticultural Society's Meeting of
Fruit and Floral Committees.
Sale of Natural History Specimens, at
Tuesday Oct o \ Stevens' Rooms.
' ■ Sale of Nursery Stock at Weybridge, by
Protheroe & Morris.
Sale of Established Orchids, at Protheroe
& Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms,
Sale of Freehold Properties at Stratlord, at
the Mart, by Protheroe & Morris.
Sale of Nursery Stock at Weybridge, by
Protheroe & Morris,
Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,
at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Orchids and Greenhouse Plants at
James' Nursery, Norwood, by Protheroe
& Morris.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms,
f Sale of Miscellaneous Property, at Stevens'
■ Rooms,
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Greenhouse Plants, at the West-
bourne Nursery, Harrow Road, by Pro-
theroe & Morns.
(■ Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Saturday, Oct 13 .{Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
t Morris' Rooms.
Wednesday, Oct. 10 ■
Thursday, Oct. 11
Friday,
THE expectations that have been raised as
to the display of Apples at Chiswick
will assuredly not be disappointed, either as to
number or quality ; some seven thousand dishes
are in process of staging as we write, and these
will not exhaust the list. They come from
Her Majesty the Queen, they come from
almost every county and almost every de-
pendency. They fill the great vinery, they
occupy two other ranges cleared for the purpose
— the shelves and benches of the fruit-room
are packed with them. For the present, the
arrangement is simply into counties, but even
that is very striking, the same variety having
often quite a different look according as it is
grown in Haddington or Devon. Some of the
exhibitors (and we are glad to note the Society
itself as one of them), have adopted the very
serviceable plan of writing on their tickets not
only the name of the fruit, but an indication of
the conditions under which it has been grown.
As the exhibition will remain on view for a fort-
night at least, there will be an opportunity for
partial rearrangement according to uses, for
kitchen or dessert, according to form or other-
wise. There will also be a grand opportunity
for determining unknown varieties, eliminating
useless synonyms, ascertaining the merits of
new varieties and the conditions under which
old ones thrive best ; in fact, ofobtainingamass
of varied information such as by no other means
could be obtained.
The burden of the work so far has mainly
fallen on Mr. Barron and Mr. Killick. We
most earnestly press on the Society or the
committee, or whoever is really responsible,
the desirability of preparing a thorough and
exhaustive report. With the material before
them, the Fruit Manual to guide, and the
publications of the American Pomological
Society as an example, nothing seems want-
ing but hard work and judgment on the
part of the reporters. Those engaged in pre-
paring the exhibition clearly lack neither of
these qualities. Let them be carried into the
work of reporting, and the end will be attained,
to the credit of all concerned and to the advan-
tage of the gardening fraternity.
While awaiting the detailed reports which
prolonged and leisurely inspection alone can
secure, we may be excused for calling attention
to a few points, not of so much practical value
perhaps, but certainly not devoid of interest.
A letter before us speaks of the Apple as the
" first fruits of POMONA." Without going so far
back as that, indeed without being at all certain
whether Pomona may not be as mythical as
Mrs. 'Arris, we may say that the origin of the
Apple, as we now know it, dates back beyond
all historic record. How far beyond historical
record the inhabitants of the Swiss lake
dwellings cultivated Apples it is impossible
to say, but it was before the time of
Tubal Cain, and before the use of metals.
Suffice it to say that they laid by stores
of Apples in what we should now call their
fruit rooms. Heer, the principal investigator
of these ancient dwellings, so far as plants are
concerned, mentions two varieties, differing in
size, as being found ; and he infers that they
were cultivated owing to the great numbers in
which they exist. As a further proof of the
great antiquity of the Apple, philologists tell us
that the root or germ of the word exists in all
or most of the languages derived, like our own,
from a primitive Aryan stock. Botanists infer
that the original home of the Apple was in the
district near Trebizonde, whence it has spread
throughout Europe, extending very far north
even. With such an antiquity and such a wide
dispersal, the variability of the Apple is no
matter of wonderment. The Apple, like every
other living thing, is acted on by a hereditary
endowment, by virtue of which it remains an
Apple ; and at the same time by a tendency to
vary, which is the source of the profound differ-
ences we now meet with. Those variations,
which enable the tree the better to withstand
the adverse conditions under which it may be
placed, naturally tend to increase, and to be
enhanced as well as perpetuated, by hereditary
descent. We gardeners have continuously
selected for our purposes those varia-
tions which have appeared to be most use-
ful to us, and have propagated them by
grafting. Propagation by seed, as every one
knows, cannot in this case be depended on ;
the seedling will grow, it is true, but it will not
reproduce for a certainty the characteristics that
render the parent useful to us, and hence we are
obliged to resort to grafting. The reasons forthis
variation have been already in part alluded to ;
another reason may be found in the fact that
the flowers now, whatever may have been the
case once, are specially adapted for cross-fertili-
sation by insect agency. The showy petals attract
the insects, and the disc provides them with
food. How, then, is it that the insects do not
secure self-fertilisation or the impregnation of
the germ by the pollen of the same flower?
The reason is that the time at which the stigma
on which the pollen has to fall and the time at
which the pollen is ripe are not synchronous.
In any given Apple flower (as a rule, subject
to exceptions) the stigma ripens first, before
the anthers are ready to shed their pollen.
Such a flower, then, must be fertilised by pollen
from some other flower. This being so, varia-
tion of necessity arises, and this variation may
be perpetuated by the means already cited. It
is probable that the main primary variations in
the habit and forms of Apple trees arise in
this way ; but there are numerous other
secondary variations which are, as it were, mere
accidents of growth. Growth at one time, or
at one particular part of the fruit, is more
active than at another. An obstacle may arise
at a particular stage of growth, or the rate of
growth may be affected by differences of soil,
climate, or exposure. Great and important as
are those differences from a practical point of
view, such diversities are not very important to
the physiologist. A little more or a little less
activity ot growth (from his point of view)
explains the matter. There is no very great
organic change — no very marked stage of
development or evolution, but simply, as we
have said, more or less growth at this or that
part, the tendency to grow or to stop growing,
and at a particular time and place, being
handed down by hereditary descent.
To make this plainer we have only to call
attention to the structure of the Apple flower.
The end of the flower-stalk, instead of remaining
cylindrical and woody, swells out into a fleshy
mass, encircling and embedding the core, and
bearing at its edge the five green calyx-lobes,
which ultimately form the " eye " of the Apple.
Within these calyx-lobes come the five petals
which encircle the numerous stamens ; while in
the middle, embedded in the swollen end of the
flower-stalk, are the five carpels or pistils which
constitute the core, and which are surmounted
by five threads or styles, each of which is
capped by a stigma. As the flower ripens into
fruit the calyx withers, the petals fall, the
stamens and styles dry up, but the cartilaginous
carpels, with their contained seeds, and speci-
ally the succulent end of the flower-stalk,
increase. The really important part of the
flower, from a physiological point of view— from
the point of view, that is, of the plant itself— is
the core and the contained seeds. The part we
prize most, and which we loosely call the fruit,
is really the least important as regards the
plant, and, strictly speaking, it is not the fruit
at all, but a mere accessory to it. The tempt-
ing looking fruit (using the word in its ordinary
sense) affords food for birds and other creatures,
and who, while subserving their own purposes,
contribute to the dispersal of the seed.
Hence, whether we consider such Apples as
the tiny Pomme d'Api or the Siberian Crab, or
such giants as Belle du Bois or Peasgood's Non-
such— whether we look at the globular form of
the Kerry Pippin, the elongated shape of the
Lady's Finger, or the conical form of the true
Pearmains — whether we consider the smooth
unbroken surface of some, or the strongly
marked ribs of others — it is easy to recognise
that all these forms depend merely on more or
less growth, at particular portions of the succu-
lent end of the flower-stalk. The structure
is in no wise altered, save in the extra develop-
ment of the fleshy portion. Such Apples as
Northern Greening and Lemon Pippin very
often show this process by developing one side
of their stalks to a greater extent than the other,
thus furnishing just those links and clues which
give a true botanist more delight than all the
Apple puddings in the world.
Botanists very properly lay much stress on the
different value or importance of some characters
as contrasted with others. We cannot dilate on
this subject now, but its significance will have
been gleaned from what has already been said.
We may, however, give another illustration.
One great difficulty in all attempts at classifica-
tion arises from the fact that different shapes
of Apples are so very common on the same
tree. Of course, if one is looking at the tree
as it stands, this is not a matter of much con-
sequence, for three-fourths or more are pretty
sure to be right, and those that vary from the
type are but few in number ; and so we take the
majority as indicating the type, and disregard
the exceptional fruits. But in the specimens
too often sent to us to name — in isolated speci-
mens always — there is no such clue. How
valuable it would have been if exhibitors on
this occasion had not only picked out their
best samples, but sent all the variations in form
they could pick from one and the same tree.
We should then have been able to see the range
of variation, and to form an opinion just as a
botanist does of the "value of characters."
Some specimens of "Washington," for instance,
exhibited on this occasion are in form and
colour surprisingly different, so much so that
at first glance the most experienced pomologists
would consider them as of different kinds ;
nevertheless the "closed eye" and the short
thick stalk are present in all the varieties.
In this case, then, the closed eye and the short
thick stalk are better and more reliable charac-
ters than the mere form of the fruit, which, as
we have seen, is more variable.
From limited experience we are sure to gain
limited ideas and incorrect impressions ; the
larger our experience and the better the use we
make of it, the more correct our judgment.
Let us hope that the present occasion may
serve to render clearer what are the important
distinguishing characteristics of Apples, what
are the correct names, and which are the most
suitable sorts to grow for particular purposes.
OcTOiiEk C, 181*3.]
T//E GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
433
B
#/
,T-
\:
CHOICE APPLES : — A, REINETTE D£ CAUX ; 1!, STIRLING CASTLE ; C, SMALL's ADMIRABLE ; D, CELLINI ; E, MELA CAKLA.
434
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
iOcTOBER 6, 1883.
CHOICE APPLES :— F, STONE S APPLE, OK LODDINGTON SEEDLING ; G, PEASGOOD S NONSUCH.
.^nrr==ns«
October 6, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
435
CHOICE APPLES : — H, GOLDEN NOliLE ; I, COx's ORANGE PIPPIN ; .1, LANE'S PRINCE ALBERT.
436
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
(October 6, 1883.
CHOICE APPLES :— K, BRABANT BELLEFLEUR ; L, GLORIA MUNDI : M, WARNER's KING; N, BARCHARD'S SEEDLING; O, COx's POMONA;
P, EMPEKOR ALEXANDER.
October 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
A2,l
International Exiiiiiition at Nice. —
In addition to the particulars previously given we are
now informed that applications for space will be
received up to October 20, and that a Prize of Honour,
consisting of a medal given by the Minister of Agri-
culture, in addition to a sum of 1000 fr. (^40), will
be given to the exhibitor who shall, in the opinion of
the jury, have contributed most to the splendour of
the exhibition by his exhibits of plants. A second
prize of honour, consists of a medal given by the
town of Nice, in addition to a sum of 500 fr. (/'20),
to the exhibitor who shall have contributed most to
the success of the exhibition by displays of cut flowers.
A third prize, consists of a medal with a sum of
;^20, will be given by the Principality of Monaco to
the exhibitor who shall have shown the best collections
of fruit and vegetables. Lastly, the committee of the
exhibition offer a medal and a sum of ,^20 to the
exhibitor who shall most highly distinguish himself by
his exhibition of greenhouse and garden apparatus,
&c. Mr. A. E. Mazel, of Nice, is the secretary of
the horticultural department,
Acacia dealbata. — This is a native of East
Australia, where it flowers in June, the winter season.
Introduced into the Nilgirris, Dr. Brandis relates
that it flowered in October for some ten years after its
introduction. In i860 it was noticed that it flowered
in September ; ten years later in August ; in 1S78 in
July ; and lastly, in 18S2, in June, as in its native
country.
International Forestry Exhibition. —
This exhibition which will be held next year in
Edinburgh is intended to include everything con-
nected with, or illustrative of, the forest products of
the world, and will be open to exhibitors from all
countries. The committee will endeavour to obtain
from the various British railway companies special
terms for the conveyance of exhibits to and from the
exhibition. Arrangements will be made by the com-
mittee for the reception of exhibits, at a date to be
afterwards fixed. Exhibitors of machinery requiring
the use of water, gas, or steam, must state, on making
their entries, the quantity of water, gas, or steam
which will be required. Medals, money prizes, and
diplomas for exhibits and essays will be awarded by
competent jurors. Contributors to the Loan Depart-
ment are requested to communicate with the Secre-
tary, who will supply special forms to be filled up by
them. Free space will be given for workmen's
approved models. To ensure uniformity of decora-
tion and general effect, no exhibitor will be allowed
to put up any sign, flag, banner, or other kind of
decoration, without the approval of the committee. A
notable feature of the machinery section, says the
Scotsman^ is expected to be the display of pulping-
machines, of recent invention, for making paper from
wood ; while scarcely less interesting will be the
models of sawmills, weirs, dams, and illustrations of
the methods of transporting timber down the fjords
in Norway. Specimens will be shown of the various
kinds of axes used for felling trees, as also of the
different descriptions of machines for preparing the
timber for constructive purposes. There will also be
on view examples of textile fabrics manufactured from
bark. The literature of the subject is likely to be
illustrated by reports of the schools of forestry in all
parts of the world ; and in this connection occasion
will be taken to show the strong claims which Edin-
burgh has for the establishment of such a school, the
Chairs necessary for the purpose being all ready to
hand, with the exception of one for what may be
called the "clinical" teaching of forestry; while
abundant material for the practical education of
students is to be found all over the country.
Closely allied to this branch of the subject is the
preparation of plans showing the age of trees and
the stage of growth at which cutting should be, or has
been, resorted to — a mode of procedure which is said
to be confined in Scotland to the Grantown estate of
the Earl of Seafield, under the management of Mr.
John Grant Thomson, though the practice is said
to be largely and advantageously pursued in other
parts of the world. By the preparation of such plans
the proprietors of forests are said to have been led to
take a greater interest in the woods on their estates,
and so to have been enabled the better to direct their
management, preventing over-felling in some seasons,
guarding against overcrowding at other times, and
thus rendering the plantations less liable to the ravages
of such a gale as that of October 14, 18S1, which
levelled the famous Binning Wood. The loan section
of the Exhibition will, it is anticipated, prove one of
the most attractive of all, including as it will do
notable specimens of carving, wood engraving, and
the like.
— — The Phvlloxera Laws.— We have so often
called attention to these vexatious enactments that
we have little further to say on the matter, the more
so as those whom we supposed would have been most
interested have hitherto been so apathetic in the
matter that our labour seemed to be thrown away.
At our instigation the Royal Horticultural Society
took up the matter, and representations were made to
our Government, but without any success. Since
that time the German Goverment has increased the
stringency of its regulations, apparently oblivious of
the utter inefficacy of their prohibitions to effect the
desired object, and oblivious also, as it would seem,
that the Phylloxera had already obtained a footing
in their country prior to the enactment of these
laws. Belgium and most other countries have
assented to the Treaty of Berne, which prescribes
certain regulations as to the transit of plants,
and the restrictions have been considerably lessened
in the case of those countries. It becomes now a
question whether or no it would be worth while for
this country also to give in its adhesion to the Treaty
of Berne. We are not sure, however, whether Ger-
many would even then admit living plants. At the
late Congress at Ghent it was agreed that the best
thing to be done was to obey loyally the provisions of
that treaty, and hope for better things. In the mean-
time we cannot but think that unnecessary alarm has
been given as to the extent to which the Phylloxera
exists in our own country. M. Planchon made
use at Ghent, of course unwittingly, of what we
believe were very exaggerated statements, and which
may have alarmed foreign Governments and caused
them to close their doors against us. Among our-
selves, too, persons learning of the evil for the first
time have rushed to the conclusion that the insect is
much more abundant in this country than it
really is. If we may judge from the number
of specimens sent to us, and the inquiries that
reach us, which are much fewer and at longer
intervals than they were some few'years ago, the plague
is decreasing. At any rate, if the proper radical
measures be taken, the pest does not spread. Con-
stant watchfulness and instant action where the
disease is detected are our best safeguards. We
append a letter just received from one of our nur-
serymen, merely adding that we have received com-
plaints from others as well ; —
"I have seen no comment on the Treaty of Berne
dating from July last, because Holland, Spain, ourselves,
and Italy, not being represented, are prohibited sending
any plants into Germany. Could you bring your influ-
ence to bear on the matter? Thousands of packages are
lying on the frontier waiting instructions. I had one
returned with contents perfectly useless, after being sent
off a month, and was charged 8j. 6d. The Phylloxera
certificates, duly and properly filled in as before, have no
weight in the matter ; yet we are importing hundreds of
pounds worth of Lily of the Valley and other plants, and
having a traveller just finished his journey, I have ^100
to j^2oo worth of orders, which are valueless until we can
get them through. The Dutch and German bulb people
have petitioned, and Prince Bismarck has granted
them the privilege of sending on a great number of
parcels that have been lying at the stations for weeks."
"The Conservatory." — This is the name
of a new horticultural periodical, published monthly at
New York at a low price.
Autumn Fruiting Strawberries. — A
large number of plants of Vicoratesse Hericart de
Thury in pots are now fruiting freely and finely at
Gunnersbury. They represent plants of this variety
that were forced into fruit early in the present year ;
and when they had finished their yield the plants
were turned out of pots, about i inch of the balls of
earth cut oft" all round, repotted into 32-sized pots,
and then stood out-of-doors plunged in cocoa-fibre,
and well cared for. Mr. Roberts treated about
1000 plants in this way, and they are now fruiting in
successional batches, and he confidently anticipates
that he will be able to keep up a supply of fruit right
up to the time that the potted plants of the present
season furnish their quota ol fruit. This seems to be
a much better and safer practice than planting out for
a second crop. The plants now fruiting are robust ;
they have bloomed freely, set their fruit liberally, and
every day an acceptable dish can be gathered. Mr.
Roberts' experiments with this variety are in the
highest degree satisfactory, and his lead can be fol-
lowed by others. The young plants of the present
year, represented by from 6000 to 7000 plants, look
in splendid condition, as if the season had been
favourable in every respect.
Rhododendron Marchioness. — This is a
new hybrid variety, raised and now being distributed
by Messrs. Isaac Davies & Sons, of Brook Lane
Nursery, Ormskirk. The parentage of this new
hybrid is not given. It produces bell-shaped flowers
measuring about 2\ inches across, colour bluish
tinted with rose ; the outer part of the corolla dis-
tinctly striped with deep rose. The flowers are pro-
duced in trusses of four or five flowers each. It has a
good habit of growth and bushy foliage.
Pure Science. — We take the following
remarks from a lecture by Professor Rowland, of
Baltimore, as reported in Nature. After alluding to
the confusion between science proper and the appli-
cations of science, such as telegraphs, electric lights,
and such conveniences, frequently called by the name
of science, he says : — " I do not wish to underrate
the value of all these things ; the progress of the
world depends upon them, and he is to be honoured
who cultivates them successfully. So also the cook
who invents a new and palatable dish for the table
benefits the world to a certain degree ; and yet we
do not dignify him by the name of a chemist . . . and
some obscure American who steals the ideas of some
great mind of the past and enriches himself by the
application of the same to domestic uses is often
lauded above the great originator of the idea. ... I
have often been asked which was the more important
to the world — pure or applied science. To have the
application of a science the science itself must exist.
Should we stop its progress and attend only to its
applications we should soon degenerate into a people
like the Chinese, who have made no progress for
generations, because they have been satisfied with the
applications of science, and have never sought for
reasons in what they have done. The reasons con-
stitute pure science."
Convolvulus minor. — Many persons who
grow these pretty annuals sow the seeds in patches,
and then leave them to fate to be beaten about by
rain and blown about by the wind. A thoughtful
gardener who had sown some little patches along his
flower-border, took the precaution of putting three
sprays from the tops of Pea-sticks round each, triangle
fashion ; the result was that the plants grew quite up-
right, filling up the space between the branches, and
throwing their flowers outwards, and so forming nice
compact cones of bloom. This was a happy thought,
and answered its application admirably.
Oncidium varicosum and its varieties are
better grown by Mr. Lee at Downside than they are
anywhere we have seen them, and the secret seems to
be the cool temperature and the manner in which they
are grown. At present they are expanding the
blooms on scores of stout flower-spikes, each as thick
as an ordinary penholder, while the bulbs, old and
new, are as fat and sleek as possible. The plants are
fastened to narrow strips of Teak wood, without moss
or any other material, and these are fastened near to
the glass after the manner of shelves ; and thus they are
kept until their spikes are well advanced, when they
are taken down and arranged as required. They are
kept all the year round in the Lycaste-house, which
ranges only 5° Fahr. warmer than the cold Odonto-
glossum-house, and are liberally supplied with water.
Treated thus they bloom without injury, while in
most collections where they are grown warm they
bloom well once, and then dwindle.
Potato Show Statistics. — It was found
in the count of dishes of Potatos shown in the various
classes at the recent International Potato Show that
these numbered 1S13, but inasmuch as a considerable
number included eighteen tubers, it is necessary for
the purpose of getting some correct estimate of the
bulk of tubers shown to make two of all such ; and
thus the number, inclusive of those which were com-
posed of six large tubers, was 2016. These included in
actual numbers just 17,802 tubers, and a fair estimate
showed that these averaged 7 oz. and a fraction
each, or putting each dish at 4 lb., we get an exact
total of 8064 lb., or 3 tons 12 cwt. Again, this means
144 bushels. If to this estimate we add for the
438
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
exhibits of the trade houses 30 cwt. more, we shall
make the total amount of Potatos shown on the occa-
sion to exceed 5 tons, and upwards of 200 bushels.
This is, it must be admitted, an immense bulk, and
serves fully to show . how great was the com-
petition. It was remarked by several competent
observers at the show that the trade collections were
generally far below the average found in the com-
peting collections in quality and beauty. There was
at least one prominent exception to that remark, but
it is very evident that the trade still seems to think,
in spite of the example shown them in the competing
classes, that size and bulk are the great elements of
attraction for the public. In this respect they make
a huge mistake. Big coarse tubers have had their
day, and quality only will now secure public approval.
Silos. — Mr. Christy sends us the following
communication, which will be of interest to many of
our readers : —
" Much is being written about silos and the preserva-
tion of fodder, and as I have now worked at this process
for many years in England, I think it would interest your
readers to hear the report of some work that has lately
been done in America.
"In some parts of the United States it was found
almost impossible to keep vegetables and fruit during the
winter without their being frozen, and seeing the account
ol the successful working of silos, it occurred to some of
my friends to try what the effect would be upon Apples
and different sorts of vegetables. They therefore con-
structed a silo about 12 feet below the surface of the
ground, leaving only a small opening in the centre at the
top : they cemented the inside and arched up the roof.
Into this were placed in layers carefully selected Apples,
free from bruise and also quite dry : they were prevented
from pressing against one another by straw in some in-
stances, and in others by thick cardboard well dried, and
in other instances by wood.
"The vegetables were also placed in the silo after
being carefully cleaned and dried, and the aperture of
the silo, when filled as nearly as possible, was sealed over
with cement, and earth placed upon it to a considerable
depth, and then on the top of this a good coating of
straw to keep out the frost.
" The first silo that was opened three months after
being filled proved such a success, the vegetables coming
out so deliciously fresh, the fruit plump and full as if it
had only just been picked, tliat it was determined next
season to try another experiment, and open one silo at
Christmas, and other silos as they were required right up
to the end of the long winter, when fruit always becomes
valuable.
"This experiment succeeded as well as the first,
and there was very little difference found in the
quality of the fruit.
" In recounting these particulars to my friend, Mr.
Wii. Simpson, who is so well known to all readers of
the Illustrated London News from his instructive
pictures, he informed me that when travelling in Northern
India and Afghanistan he several times entered the
large cisterns that are constructed throughout that
country for the preservation of grain, and it is supposed
that the grain, if carefully excluded from the air by seal-
ing the aperture, remains perfectly fresh for years.
"The system of storing fruit and vegetables, &c., in
silos must not be confounded with the system of
ensilaging fodder plants, because this difference occurs; —
In the one case the temperature is hardly raised, as the
air does not change in the silo. On the other hand,
when fodder is ensilaged, if the proper action takes
place, the temperature, as shown by Mr. G. Fry, F.L.S.,
rises to at least 155° Fahr., and at this stage the germs
are destroyed, and they do not again exert a force until
the air is let into the silo.
" In the case of fruit the plumpness and firmness
remain without change for several months. In a lightly
packed silo fermentation sets up, and the whole character
of the fodder is changed owing to the heat having risen
to 150", as explained by Mr. G. Fry in a recent number
of the Agricultural Gazette.
"It is as well also to record the successful preserva-
tion of medicinal herbs by Professor QuiNLAN, M.D.,
M.R.I. A. He places the herbs in bottles, seals them
with wax, and then buries the bottles underground.
By this plan chemists can utilise medicinal herbs through-
out the winter, and obtain fresh extracts from them
without sacrificing the aromatic properties of the herb,
which would be the case generally speaking if the foliage
had been dried in the sun,"
TvD^AS AT Chiswick. — Mr. B. S. Wil-
liams has well described the representatives of this
genus as "very handsome winter and early spring flower-
ing plants, deserving every attention on account of the
manner in which they enliven the hothouse during the
dreary winter months." They deserve all this high
praise. And there is now a considerable group of
Tydseas, for the few introduced species have widened
out into many garden varieties, mainly of Con-
tinental origin. A collection of the newer forms was
made by Mr. A. F. Barron at the Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Gardens at Chiswick during the past
year, and when examined by the Floral Committee
First-class Certificates of Merit were awarded to the
following : — Podalyre, dull salmon-red, heavily
spotted with mauve j large and finely formed
flowers, ^handsome foliage, and somewhat tall
growth. Robert le Diable, rich maroon, almost
black, with a distinct and striking crimson edge ; a
very fine and distinct variety, forming a stately plant.
Venosa, a variety having bold Gloxinia-like flowers,
the ground colour carmine-purple, profusely spotted
and slightly lined with deep purple ; somewhat tall
growth. .Esculape, bright scarlet, the throat and
lower lobes spotted yellow and orange ; a fine and
showy variety. Lastly Arlequin, pale ground, heavily
spotted with purple, very distinct in the marking ;
fine and striking. In addition were several other
varieties scarcely less valuable, and all very useful,
viz., Charm, bright red, mottled with black ; Magi-
cian, rich vermilion marked with dark lines ; Corne-
ville, dull crimson, with slight flakes of vermilion ;
Superintendent, white with purple lines, distinct and
pretty ; and Homere, crimson-purple markings on a
pale rosy-purple ground : good form. In regard to
the treatment of Tydasas, they require much the same
mode of culture as Achimenes ; but, as Mr. B. S.
Williams points out, they " will not suffer drying
off like Achimenes, as they only make slender under-
ground stems, and not scaly tubers as the Achimenes
do." It is simply necessary that they be cut down
and allowed a short rest, then started into growth
again. Indeed, it would not be difficult to have some
plants in flower almost the entire year by starting
successive batches into growth ; and the foliage of the
plants has a certain decorative value at the time of
year when they are putting forth their growths,
Wire Structures for Gardens.— These
are frequently met with in gardens, but seldom have
we seen any so artistically made as some that were
lately on view at Mr. Thomas', in the Edgware
Road. Intended, as they are, to be shipped by this
enterprising firm to the Calcutta Exhibition, the
colouring of the various objects was generally of that
high vivid kind that is most appreciated by the
natives of India ; and yet there was an absence of
gaudiness throughout. Instead of green, white, or
brown, as our structures are too generally painted,
these are vermilion, grey, bronze, gold, with a
smaller quantity of umber. Two of the oVjjccts seen
were pavilions or summer-houses of an octagonal
form, 14 feet wide and 20 feet in height. The style
is generally Moorish or Oriental, with variations in
detail and colouring. In the larger openings were
suspended ornamental bird-cages, in groups of three,
A magnificent bird-cage, divided into three divisions,
with movable wirework "^partitions, was also on
show. The mountings and fittings of this object
were in cast brass, the wire being of drawn tubular
brass. Everything about it was exceeding artistic,
and of good proportion. The dimensions were 4 feet
deep, 5 feet in width, and 7 feet in height. The
centre part was domed, and the annexes had arched
roofs. Many other objects for Indian gardens in
wire were lying about, or in 'process of packing —
articles for domestic use as well not having been
forgotten ; so that Mr. Thomas* venture will show
to the Hindoo many objects of whose existence and
use he has hitherto been a stranger.
Nicotiana affinis. — This has been very
fine in gardens during the summer, especially in rich
and rather light soils. It is best to sow the seed in
March, and to plant out in May, giving the plants suf-
ficient space in which todevelope themselves. Where
ample room is afforded the plants grow to a height
of from 3 to 4 feet, and become much branched. It is
astonishing what a number of flowers a plant will
produce.
Arundo conspicua. — Why this bold and
ornamental grass is not more extensively planted it
would be difficult to say. Probably not a few are of
opinion that it is not sufficiently hardy to withstand
our winters ; but given an open position in a well
drained soil, and after allowing it to get established,
there is every probability of satisfactory results. In
general appearance it greatly resembles the Pampas-
grass, but on close examination there is a remark-
able difference, both botanically and for horticultural
purposes. For garden or pleasure-ground decoration
it is invaluable, sending up its great feather-like
plumes early in the season, and lasting till autumn,
when the Pampas-grass also flowers and prolongs the
display. The former has hermaphrodite flowers, and
the whole plume of 12 to 15 inches in length is of a
silvery hue from the first, and assumes a drooping
one-sided habit ; while the flowers of the latter are
dicecious, or the stamens and pistils on different
plants. The plumes of the male plant, in habit that
of the Arundo, are decidedly of a purple tinge at
first ; but those of the female white, with the
branches of the panicle assuming a close erect and
rather stiff habit. Moreover, the two plants are
readily distinguishable by the leaves alone. Those
of the Pampas-grass are narrow, channeled above,
strongly keeled below, and sharply serrulated on the
margins and keel ; whereas in the Arundo they are
broader, flatter, with scattered pili beneath, and five
equidistant nearly equally strong nerves, which, with
the margins, are more or less serrulated also. The
latter has been very conspicuous for weeks on the
new rockery at Kew, in the background, where the
flower-stems attain a height of from 6 to 9 feet.
Publications Received. — Pitman's
Musical Monthly^ twelve pages, including six of
music and four of letterpress, with a large woodcut.
If that is not enough for \d.^ we do not know what
can be so deemed. — The Lark {id.) : Sottas, Ballads,
and Poems for the People^
■ • The Weather.— General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Oct. i, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London : — The weather during this week,
though fine and bright in most places at intervals,
has been generally cloudy, or dull and very rainy.
At the north-western stations on the 28th, and in the
south-east on the 29th, the rainfall was exceptionally
heavy ; on the former day as much as 2.84 inches
was measured at Douglas, Isle of Man, and on the
latter 2.35 inches, at Hillington. The temperature
has been slightly above the mean in Scotland and the
south and north-east of England, but a little below it
in the south of Ireland, and about equal to its normal
value elsewhere. The maxima, which were registered
on the 25th, varied from 6'^'' in "England, N.W,,"
and 64° in *' Ireland, S,," to 69" in ** England, E.,"
and *' England, S." The minima were generally re-
corded either on September 30 or October i, and
ranged from 34" in ''Scotland, W.," to 41* in
*' Scotland, E.," and " England, S.W." The rainfall
has been more than the mean in all districts, the
excess in "England, E ,*' being very considerable.
Bright sunshine shows an increase in duration in all
places, the percentages varying from 21 in "England,
N.E.," to 42 in " England, E.," and 43 in " England,
S." Depressions observed : — Barometric pressure
over our islands and their neighbourhood has
again been in a disturbed and changeable condition.
Several depressions have reached our coasts from the
Atlantic, and generally travelled north-eastwards or
eastwards. The deepest and most important of
these appeared over Ireland on the 26th, and
after moving quickly to the north - east of
Scotland, travelled very slowly eastward to the
south of Norway. During its passage over our islands
the wind increased to a gale on all our coasts,
from the southward in most parts of England and
Ireland and from south-east in the east and north of
Scotland. In Ireland and the north-west of England
the south-westerly gale was of unusual violence. As
the depression passed away the wind veered to the
north-westward and northward, and on the the 30th, in
the rear of an area of low pressure which had passed
across England on the previous day, a strong gale was
experienced on the east coast of England.
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. George
Miles, Foreman to Mr. W. J. Clarke, Spring
Grove, Bewdley, has been engaged as Gardener to
W. PI. Anderson, Esq., The Firs, Kidderminster.
—Mr. John Dale, late Foreman to Mr. Reid,
Possingworth Gardens, Hawkhurst, as Gardener to
W^GiBBS, Esq., Clevelands, Shanklin, Isle of Wight.
—Mr. John Harding, for the last two years and
nine months Foreman in the Gardens at Powerscourt,
Co. Wicklow, has been appointed to succeed Mr.
Jack as Gardener at Longford Hall, who goes to
Hampton Court,
October 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
439
j4ojVlf: -pORRflgPOJ^DEJ^CE.
Resting-spores of the Lilac Fungus.— In the
Gardeners^ Chronicle for November 19, 18S1, p. 665,
will be seen a description of the new fungus of Lilacs,
closely allied to the fungus of the Potato disease, and
named Ovularia syringK. We are indebted to Mr. A.
Stephen Wilson, who has done so much original and
practical work in the elucidation of the structure and
habits of fungi, for the discovery of this remarkable
parasite. No resting-spores are illustrated, or alluded
to in the original description, but as the fungus is
almost the same as Peronospora it was only to be ex-
pected that it would produce resting-spores after the
manner of the Peronosporene. Last summer Mr.
Wilson kindly forwarded me slides of the resting-
spores, dated January, 18S2, and June, 1SS2 ; the
latter examples were from Lilac leaves kept in water
all winter. It is to be hoped that Mr. Wilson will
speedily publish an account of his experiments, with
illustrations. In the meantime I send the following
brief notes of my own experience. Ovularia syringce
does not grow round London, or if it does I have not
seen it. I never saw the fungus alive till the 1st of
last month (September) when Mr. Wilson kindly
sent me six infected leaves. There were no
resting-spores in these leaves, so, remembering
my success with Potato leaves and having Mr.
Wilson's results in view, I placed the leaves care-
fully one on the other like the leaves of a book.
I then put them in a plate, with a tablespoonful of
water, the plate being tilted, so that the ends of the
leaves touched the water, and could naturally and
gradually absorb it. The plate was then covered
with a bell-glass, the bell-glass with a duster to ex-
clude light, and the whole kept in a warm room. A
very small amount of water was continually supplied.
On September 21, I made an examination of the
material, and to my surprise the Ovularia mycelium
had run in a profuse manner, both inside and between
the decaying leaves, and on this mycelium an enor-
mous crop of resting-spores was growing. The
resting-spores (oogonia) are large, half as large again
as the resting-spores of the Potato fungus, and highly
Iu3trou=. They shine like mirrors, and exactly agree
in structure with the oospores of other Peronosporea;.
It seems quite probable that the resting-spores of
other species of the PeronosporeK, where they are at
present unknown, may be artificially produced by the
simple treatment above described. The statement
found in text-books that Peronospora is so sensible to
decay that it always perishes with the death of the
host plant, is a very incorrect one, and doubtless
this erroneous statement has prevented observers from
looking for resting-spores in the decaying remains of
plants destroyed by Peronospora. IV, G. Smilh,
Travelling Notes. — We can quite confirm
" Rambler's " opinion of the Botanic Garden at
Geneva, which much disappointed us on our late visit
(August 6). Ashesays, after those of Kew, Edinburgh,
Cambridge and Dublin, it does seem very meagre :
but there is always much to be learned by half-
instructed amateurs ; and if the parallelograms called
the rock gardens are forbiddingly formal to the
eye, there is abundance to interest and instruct the
mind, in observing the difterence of the flora on the
various sites adapted to each. The lovers of the lime-
stone were here more beautiful, we thought, than the
denizens of either the granite or the tufa. The Cape
Chestnut seemed a most provoking interpolation, and,
indeed, had the effect of a tnauvaise ptaisanUiic, for
it is so near the entrance we thought we had reached
the wrong place. There was a fine Colletia horrida,
which made one envious ; sheltered by the high wall
two charming oval beds of succulents, and some
other noteworthy trees and shrubs. Speaking of the
latter, is there no possibility of getting female plants
of the Hippophae rhamnoides in England ? We pro-
cured what we fondly hoped was one, three years ago,
and planted it close to the proposed husband, but
now we are sure they are both bachelors, and we
never see a berry even hinted at. The valley of
Chamounix alone would supply many of the nursery-
men of England with female plants, and Oh ! how
richly fruited they were this season. [There are
plenty to be had nearer home, as in the Warren
at t'olkstone. Ed. J Nothing but a Spartan in-
tegrity saved us from digging them up then
and there, and sending them home in their fruitful
" beauty. Subsequently we saw large beds of the Sea
Buckthorn in Dauphine, near the junction of the
Drac and the Romanche, smothered with berries and
with white dust, for the thermometer, Centigrade,
marked 34° or 35^ at Grenoble {95* or 96" Fahrenheit)
in the shade during our stay. While on the
subject, what a curious difference of structure between
the Alps of Dauphine and those of Switzerland.
Is it wholly owing to the one being limestone and
the other granite ? — the former so fantastic in outline
that one feels inclined to agree with Arthur Voung,
who considered them " more picturesque than the
Swiss mountains." Is the Lily that beats St. Bruno's
holy name (Anthcricum liliastrum) a native of the
wild woods of La Grande Chartreuse ? It was curious
to note the way the little Ferns had entered the
tunnel of Les Echelles, but not penetrated further
than 12 yards into the darkness beyond the entrance.
But by far the finest approach to the Desert of
St. Bruno is from Grenoble, by way of Voreppe, and
over the mountain. La Placette, to St. Laurent-du-
Pont, where the ascent to the monastery begins ; the
whole journey is grand in the extreme. Between
Aix-les-Bains or "Aches and Pains" (as one unlucky
patient called it) the country is quite idyllic, suggestive
of Pan's pipes and shepherdesses, and with fruitful
Vines climbing from tree to tree, as in Italy. The
shores of the Lac de Courget, described more fancifully
than faithfully by Lamartine in his Raphael, have on
one side a long bog garden of tepid water under the
baking ramparts of rock that bound the way to Cham-
bery. The road divides this backwater from the lake,
and thus forms a natural pond for many miles. Here
are all sorts of flowering plants that love the marsh and
pool. Bulrushes with their brown and seedy panicles
waving in the breeze, and other grasses, yellow Water
Lilies, Bog Bean, Frogbit, Water Plantain in bloom,
and the loveliest Lythrum Salicaria— such compound
spikes of rosy-purple as never deck the watercourses
in England ; and the old Codlins and Cream (Epi-
lobium hirsutum), and many other aquatic plants.
Opposite, on the far side of the lake, stands the ruined
castle at Chatellan, where Pope Celestin IV. was
born ; it is close to the edge of the water. But this
digression has taken us too suddenly from those
delightful days of plant hunting in the Jura Mountains
and the treasures we found there. Four sorts of Cam-
panula, and one of them from its tiny bells and violet
hue we fondly hoped was a near relation of C. pulla ;
quantities of the scarlet-fruited Elder (Sambucus
racemosa). Service, and many other beautiful berries ;
two kinds of Hellebore, fojtidus and viridis— some
of it in bloom still, so much the worse for those who
like Swiss honey. Leaves of the Hepatica and Aqui-
legia, and a charming home friend. Genista sagittalis,
in a clearing, with Pmes around it — near Chaumoise.
But time would fail me to tell of fleeting hours and
lasting treasures, the etnbarras Jc ricliesses one meets
with in those strongholds of Nature who is not too
much occupied with the material cares of life, but can
also find time for its embellishment. The sight of those
unexpected haunts of beauty in her hidden places
sends the traveller refreshed on his way, with many
a fairy picture to beguile its lowering cares, and cheat
life of its drudgery. But, " as every white must have
its black, and every sweet its sour," our coitleiir de
rose was chastened by " Mens, le Courrier," who pre-
ferred being i^ris on various occasions ! One sugges-
tion to conclude with : if the botanically-minded
traveller has leisure to inspect that curious " Eifel "
district between Treves and Coblentz, he would
probably be repaid. The lovely valleys of the
Moselle are as promising as they are tempting, and
the impress of extinct commotion is here as legible
as it is in Auvergne, though the volcanic cones are
not so red and rusty in colour. At Treves the Roman
remains are interesting, though the masonry is not so
superbly finished as at Nismes, and the Pont du
Gard, tapestried in its solitude by the Smilax and
the shrubby Jessamine springing from its crannies,
H. M. E., Sept. 30.
Snails and the Fertilisation of Plants. — Being
much troubled with snails this year, a more than
ordinary supply having found their way to our Kale-
yard, I was wondering if, save for food for birds and
a trial to the temper and a security for watchfulness
in gardeners, they had any place in the Creation !
Whilst thmkingof this I saw one covered with pollen.
A start of surprise at what seemed an immediate reply,
followed all too quicklybya feeling of humiliation when
I saw another of what seemed, at least to me, the same
species, eating the very same flower — one, I think, if
I remember aright, of the soft Thistle. The subject
has been more or less in my thoughts since, so you
may guess I was glad to find other peoples' thoughts
taken up with what must be a matter of interest and
a puzzle to many. Is the yellow Azalea a fly-eater ?
For years I have watched it and noticed that its
flowers are always covered with a small fly larger than
a midge. That they are drowned in the gummy fluid
which covers the petals I know— that they also seem
to decrease I believe. Isabtt Smilh. [We are under
the impression that the gummy exudation from the
Azalea is intended as a fly-trap to keep away unwel-
come visitors. We do not think it has any digestive
action. Ed.]
Late Peaches and Nectarines. — These are
turning in grandly this year, the warm sunny weather
we have been favoured with being just the thing to
aid their swelling and colouring ; and they are there-
fore not only large, but have handsome, rosy cheeks,
and most of them first-rate in quality and flavour.
The best with us in these latter respects is Princess of
Wales, which is an improved Walbutton Admirable,
and is evidently a seedling f"-om it, as it possesses all
the characteristics of that fine old variety, which is
nearly equal to a Noblesse, and when that is stated
nothing else need be said in its favour. Lord I'al-
merston is a very large showy kind, but is too much
of a clingstone, and lacks the sweetness and richness
of juice of the Princess or Walburton, and is therefore
not nearly so valuable as either. The Harrington is
an established favourite, and is a Peach I should be
sprry to be without, as it comes in so well between
the summer and late autumn kinds, and keeps the
supply till the October sorts ripen. Late Admirable
is one of the best of these ; like the noble Barring-
ton, it always colours well, and is a hardy free-bearing
sort, quite worthy of being planted either indoors ot
out. All these late Peaches require good aspects, and
they should not only be planted on nice sunny walls,
but should have copings over them, which are neces-
sary to keep off the fogs, heavy night dews, and rains,
which do so much damage to the tender skins and
soft ripe fruit as to cause it to rot. Among Nectar-
ines the best late varieties are Pitmaston Pine-apple
and Humboldt, the trees presenting a close family
likeness, as they are all yellow-fleshed, about the
same size, and rich and high coloured as well. Of
the three I prefer the Humboldt, for if there is any
difference it is, perhaps, later and hardier; but no one
can go wrong in planting either, as they are first-class,
and in anything like fair seasons always bear well.
y. Shepherd.
Open. Air Mushrooms. — The above mode ot
growing this very useful esculent has not been so
generally adopted by gardeners and people resident in
the country as it undoubtedly deserves to be. .Some
short time since a bed of Mushrooms came under my
notice, in the course of peregrinations among the
craft, that goes a good way towards proving to the
unbelievers in the certainty of out-of doors methods
during the winter season, that the thing can be well
done. I must confess I was myself rather sceptical
on that head, and have only quite lately succumbed
to the potency of facts. The bed in question was
made up in October, 1SS2, of the manure from a
stable where only hard food is given to the animals,
and from whence it is removed daily. This had been
shaken out, removing the long straw only ; had then
been thrown up into a square heap like a hotbed in
form : had at intervals of a day or so, according to the
weather, been turned over and knocked about, so
that it was thoroughly mixed. In the course of a
week or thereabouts it had been conveyed to a shel-
tered spot amongst big trees, made into long heaps
about 3 feet high, by the same width at the base,
about 9 inches wide at the apex ; the length of the
bed may have been 24 feet. The spawn had been
shoved in at the sides, without making holes ; these
are dangerous, as they leave space round the spawn
lump, gases are generated and confined, and the
mycelium does not "run." Of course, previous to
spawning the bed had been allowed to get warm, its
temperature had been watched, and when it had
receded to about 95° the spawning had been done.
Covering up with sound loam, made fine and slightly
damp, followed this operation. Holes were left open
for a few days in case that, owing to the soiling up,
the heat should rise to a dangerous height. Hurdles
were afterwards placed at the sides, and about i foot
of litter laid over them. As the hurdles were of iron,
gathering could be done without disturbing them.
When the weather was severe more covering was
added. The bed commenced to bear about two months
after spawning, and was not quite finished at the end
of May. The produce had been very large, and the
quality the best. M,
Staking of Specimen Plants. — It is no doubt
necessary, in the forming of specimens of some
kinds of plants for the purpose of exhibition
or otherwise, to use, for the purpose of training,
stakes, or supports of some kind. In many
instances, however, these can be altogether dis-
pensed with, and in cases where they are used they
should be always carefully concealed, as it greatly
detracts from the beauty of a specimen, however well
formed, healthy, and profusely bloomed it may be, if
unsightly supports are conspicuous. The exhibitions
of the Bury and West Suffolk Horticultural Society
have long been remarkable on account of their display
of well grown plants of various species, more par-
ticularly as regards the Fuchsia and the Pelargonium,
and more recently of the tuberous-rooted Begonias.
I enclose a photograph (which does not, however, con-
vey a very good idea of the plant) of a variety of the
zonal Pelargonium known as Mrs. William Paul, shown
by Mr. Ager, gr. to G. A. Partridge, Esq., of Bury
St. Edmunds, at the show held at Barton in June last.
This was certainly an extraordinary specimen, being
fully 5 feet in diameter, and bore upwards of 300
trusses of flowers, and not a single stake appeared to
have been used in its formation, or if such had ever
been used they were all removed before it was placed
in the exhibition. A circular wire, however, surrounded
the pot, to which some of the branches were secured, and
which with the pot itself was thoroughly concealed.
440
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
It was said to havelbeen^the sixth time"this'plant had
been annually exhibited, and taken 1st prize in its
class. Much credit is certainly due to the grower for
his skill in being able to keep this plant for so
many years in such healthy and vigorous condi-
tion. At this show, as well as that held in the
early part of September, were several sets of six
varieties of the nicest zonals ever shown ; not quite
so large as the specimens alluded to, but equally well
known and profusely bloomed, and in no instance
was a stake or support to be seen. The Fuchsias
shown at these shows are generally grown in the form
of free and graceful pyramids some 7 or 8 feet high, a
strong stake of wood or iron supporting the main or
central stem, which is, of course, quite concealed. P.
G., Bury St. Edmunds.
Pentas carnea. — This old winter - flowering
plant is well worthy of extensive cultivation to come
in through the autumn and winter months. It will
answer the same purpose nearly as the white Bouvar-
dia, but has a larger truss, and stands well in a cut
state. Cuttings struck in the spring, and grown on
in a warm house, will bloom profusely through the
winter, and well repay the grower. R. M.
Darlingtonia californica. — This quaint and not
inelegant plant has been grown in many gardens
since it was introduced from the Sacramento River,
in California, in i860. Its extreme height has been
stated to be 18 inches. This has, however, been
greatly exceeded by a specimen grown by Mr. Welsh,
the gardener at Mount Merrion, near Dublin ; several
of the hoUo^ leaves, with their terminal hood-like
arrangement and leafy appendage, are 3 feet long,
and much more substantial than usual. The plant
is grown in a very plain lean-to structure and in a
north aspect. It gets little sun even in summer,
being much shaded with evergreen shrubs. Mr.
Welsh has reason to be proud of his success in pro-
ducing such a marvellous specimen as this, y, D,
Diseased Pelargoniums. — Will the gardener
who had the misfortune to lose so many bedding
Pelargoniums (p. 403) state if there is a stokehole in
his potting-shed, or one near where he stores his pot-
ting soil during the winter, and in which the plants
were potted in spring ? Perhaps then I could ofler a
suggestion as to where the apparent disease comes
from. I noticed, to my great sorrow, for several years,
exactly the same symptoms in some of our plants —
not with Commander-in-Chief, but with other popular
bedding kinds. C. F. B.
Fruit Tree Transplanting. — This operation,
when it is found to be necessary in consequence of the
continued infertility of the tree, should be taken in
hand as soon as the foliage shows signs of getting
ripe. Tree lifting must not be confused with root-
pruning, which is an operation that should find
scarcely any place inside a fruit garden, the trees
wanting all their roots to bring their fruits to per-
fection ; but these roots must be under the more
direct influence of the sun, and in a thoroughly con-
genial soil. Care must be taken that all roots, big
and small, are dug out with as little damage or loss as
possible, and those portions of them that are very
much infested with wood or suckers must be cut oHf,
as well as those deep descending ones that possess
few or no fibres or rootlets. The workmen must
begin far enough away from the stem, so that they
reach the tips of the greater portion of the roots : the
spread of the tree may generally be taken to be about
equal to that of branches. In commencing the work
the earth must be thrown out to the depth of 2 feet
and a width of about the same, parallel to the wall or
espalier, or in the case of a free standing tree, all
round, or halfway round, whichever is most con-
venient. The mass of earth in which the roots are
must then be carefully undermined, and the soil
constantly thrown out of the trench for some little
distance, till space is gained in which to work
freely, then it will be sufficient to throw it back
in the ground already explored. The five-tined steel
digging-fork will be found in most soils the proper
tool to use, and the shovel the best for throwing
aside the loosened earth. As the roots are dug out
they should be wrapped in damp materials, such as
wet straw, rushes, or old mats, and should be
bundled up when this is done, tying them up to
short stakes conveniently out of the way of the
operators. The trees should be completely loosened
from all nails, ties, or other fastenings, for should
this not be done when the soil sink, the roots would
be partially drawn out of it. In old gardens it
is generally advisable to incorporate good, sound
loam with the staple, and for stone fruits lime
rubbish ; manure in such gardens is better applied
as a mulch, put on as soon as the work is done ;
but in new ground, not naturally rich, one-sixth
might be mixed up with new and old materials.
Whatever is made use of must be well decayed, and
free from rank stuff, such as that from kennels, dove-
cotes, piggeries, and poultry-houses. When the site
has been made for the tree, with the new and old
soil, 'this should "stand 'not 'more than 9 inchesjbelow
the surrounding ground level for kernel, and less for
stone fruits ; the tree should be put into position, the
roots carefully laid out, and as straight as possible,
pruning at the same time all damaged portions. The
soil is best thrown on, with a sweeping motion of the
tool, from the stemtothe outercircumferenceof thehole,
in small portions at first, till the roots are covered an
inch or two. When this point has been reached, the
soil should be watered with a coarse-rosed pot, to
wash the earth into every crevice about the roots.
More can then be thrown in till the soil stands some-
what higher than the rest of the ground. The tree
can then be loosely fastened to prevent rocking, the
mulch put on, and all left till the spring, when the
usual training and tying can be done. M.
•^Vanda Sanderiana. — At. p. 58S of our num-
ber for May 6, 1882, Professor Reichenbach spoke
of this plant as "the grandest novelty intro-
duced for years," and proceeded 7nore sua to give a
detailed description of it. This description, coupled
with the note we gave last week when calling
attention^'to the fact of the plant being in bloDtn
of that kind, 'and 'to stick a few'evergreen'branches in
front of the row, so as to afford the plants protection,
and thus render them safe from all harm. Should
the weather set in dry during the fore part of the
summer it will be a great help to the bulbs to
give the border a good soaking of water, which
will assist them in making free growth, after
forming their bloom, which they do before the
leaves die away in the autumn. The proper way
to prepare the border for the planting is to dig it
out a yard or so deep, and to drain the bottom with a
6-inch layer of broken bricks, on which some long
litter should be scattered, to prevent the earth run-
ning between the interstices and filling them up. The
kind of soil that suits the Belladonna Lily best is that
which is light, open, and rich, and if not naturally
sharp a good dressing of sand should be added, to
secure and maintain its porosity. As to planting, the
best time perhaps is August, a season when the bulbs
are ripe and are imported in great quantity ; but I have
found them always do well when put in during the early
months of the year, or immediately after the flower-
ing season is past, when clumps may be pulled apart
and separated without causing much check, as the
Fig. 67.— vanda sanderiana : to show habit.
with Mr. Lee, of Leatherhead, precludes the neces-
sity of our doing anything more now than lay before
our readers an illustration, taken by Mr. Worthing-
ton Smith from Mr. Lee's plant (see p. 441), This
"grandest novelty" deserves all the eulogium passed
on it, and while heartily tendering our congratulations
to Mr. Lee we may express our hope that he may be
enabled to exhibit it at the next meeting of the Floral
Committee on the gth inst.
Belladonna Lilies. — By far the most showy and
handsomest things in the garden just now are Bella-
donna Lilies, the flowers of which are lovely in their
delicate colouring, and quite unrivalled for cutting to
place in single specimen glasses, where, if kept well
supplied with water, they continue to expand and
last a long time in perfection. The best place to grow
this charming Lily is close along the front wall of a
stove or other plant-house facing south, as the situa-
tion cannot well be too sunny and warm, the solar
heat being necessary for the bulbs to ripen thoroughly,
on which their blooming freely in a great measure
depends. What prevents this very often is the injury
the leaves suffer during early spring through frost,
which injures the tender foliage and frequently kills it
quite back to the ground. To prevent this it is a good
plan to mulch the surface with half rotten leaves,
cocoa-nut fibre, or other light non-conducting material
bulbs are then at rest and have but few, if any, live
roots. The right depth to plant is about 6 inches,
for if nearer the surface the bulbs are liable to injury
from frost, to prevent which a mulching should be
applied at the beginning of winter, J. S.
Cut Flowers in Store. — I saw a few days ago in
one of the houses in the gardens at Haydon Hall
(a span-roof about 30 by 18 feet) an astonishing
display of bloom for cutting. The end walls and
rafters, about 3 feet 6 inches apart, were entirely
covered with bloom from plants in surrounding
borders. They were chiefly of the commoner kind of
climbers, but it may nevertheless be useful to mention
them. Tropseolum Fireball on the southern end,
Habrothamnus on the west, then on the rafters Lapa-
gerias scarlet and white. Plumbago capensis, Passiflora
racemosa, Abutilon rosifolium and IJoule de Neige,
Trachelospermum jasminoides, Tacsonia Van Volxemi,
and two or three kinds of Ipomosa. The plants were
in excellent health, and bore bloom enough to cut and
come again from for a long time. They were, of
course, kept within bounds, so as not to monopolise
the stages below to the detriment of a fine collection
of specimen Azaleas. It was too late to see the great
cool orchard-house in its glory, but there were still a
few magnificent late Peaches on the pyramids in the
borders. T. IV., Harrmsi.
THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE. — Octoi^v. 6, 1883.
Fig. 68,— vanda sanderiana. (see p, 440.)
442
THE GAkDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
THE APPLE SHOW AT
CHISWICK.
If it be true that numbers lead to success, then the
Apple show opened at Chiswick on Thursday is a
success of the most marked description, the num-
ber of dishes of fruit staged — about 7500, from
about 170 exhibitors — far exceeding the most
sanguine expectations of the promoters, and heavily
taxing the resources of Mr. Barron to find for all
a dry and easily accessible habitation. When the
Council gave permission for the use of the large
vinery, it was generally thought that space would
be found in that structure for all the Apples likely
to be sent, but the anticipators counted without
their host, collections having been sent in from
most counties in England, several from Scotland,
and a few from Wales, with the result that,
first, the two Paxton-houses were requisitioned ;
then the old "'chard-house had to be cleared out to
make room lor the invading pomological hosts ; and
finally much of the staging in the long lean-to Pelar-
gonium house had to share a similar fate. By utilis-
ing the permanent wide stone shelves in the large
vinery, and erecting two wide tables the entire length
of the house, room was made for about 3800 dishes.
The collections in every case are arranged in counties,
each collection being staged in the space devoted to
the county whence it came — an arrangement which as
far as it goes serves to reduce the legions into some-
thing like order, though through the usual circum-
stances of late entry, some bringing more dishes than
they had entered, and others not coming at all, the
arrangement of the counties into districts could not at
once be carried out. In the large vinery will be
found the contributions of Kent, Middlesex, and
Hertfordshire, which between them share the honours
of exhibiting the greatest bulk of fruit, and the highest
quality too. With these are associated the counties of
Sussex and Surrey, Bucks, Berks, and Essex. In
the old orchard-house will be found collections from
Devon, Dorset, Wilts, Gloucester, Lincoln, Durham,
and Huntingdon ; from two counties in Wales —
Pembroke and Glamorgan ; and a handsome collec-
tion of Apples and Pears from Sweden — a contribu-
tion from the orchard-houses of Oscar Dickson, Esq.,
of Gothenburg (Mr. Loney, gr.). In the Paxton-
houses are the collections from several counties in
Scotland ; from Westmoreland, Yorkshire, Lanca-
shire, Stafford, Cheshire, Shropshire, and Worcester ;
while in the Pelargonium-house are located the con-
tributions from Leicester, Northampton, Oxford,
Hereford, and Somerset. Inclusive, perhaps, of nearly
every sort mentioned in the Fndt Manual, these col-
lections besides contain a vast number of sorts whose
names have never appeared in that or any other list.
A few of the best are illustrated in our centre pages.
Never before, it may be said without fear of contra-
diction, has such an extensive assortment of Apples
been brought together — never before has such a mag-
ficent lot of fruit been seen — and that notwithstanding
the fact that though the crop is an abundant one, size
runssmaller than usual, and except in specially favoured
places the colour is not so high as usual. It is doubt-
ful, indeed, if any one has ever seen a grander collec-
tion of Apples than that staged for the honour of the
" Garden of England " by Mr. Haycock, gr. to Roger
Leigh, Esq., M.P., Barham Court, Maidstone, and
which, bulk for bulk, beats any other collection of its
size in the show, to say nothing of the superiority of
the samples, from, other points of view, over any
other similar number. It is indeed a noble
group, exhibiting the results of cultivation, which
reflects the highest credit on the grower. Passing
from collections to individual examples, it may also
be safely remarked that a more handsome dish of
Apples has never been seen than one of the new
American variety, Washington, which was figured in
the Florist and Poviolo^ist last year, and which has
been grown in the orchard-house of T. Moillett, Esq.,
Hawkhurst, though exhibited in the collection of
Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., of Maidstone. Specially
worthy of mention here are the very fine collections
staged by Mr. Barron's co-labourer in organising the
affair, Mr. Lewis A. Killick of Langley, Maidstone ; by
Mr. Jones, gr. to Her Majesty the Queen, Frogmore ;
Messrs. Cheat & Sons, Crawley; Messrs. Rivers & Son,
Sawbridgeworth; the Messrs. Paul & Son, of Cheshunt;
and Messrs. Wm. Paul & Son, of Waltham Cross ;
Messrs. Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea ; Messrs. Lane &
Son, Berkhamsted ; Messrs. Saltmarsh & Son, of
Chelmsford ; Mr. Ford, gr. to W. E. Hubbard, Esq.,
Leonardslee, Horsham ; Mr. Turner, Slough, and the
Society's own collection of 274 correctly named
varieties.
For the purpose of this general summary (time not
permitting us to go into greater detail until next
week) we shall classify the counties into districts,
following the plan carried out in our annual fruit crop
reports. Thus of the
Northern Counties
there are no contributions from Northumberland or
Cumberland, but from Westmoreland comes one co'-
lection of thirty-four varieties, exhibited by Mr. C.
Crossland, of Beechwood, Armside, and which are
stated to have been gathered from trees planted
in 1776 on the seashore, and in an average
quality loam, only 12 inches deep, on a wet
clay sub-soil. From Durham, which has a smaller
acreage under orchard cultivation than Westmore-
land, comes a large and most creditable collection,
exhibited by the authorities and members of the
Darlington Gardeners' Institute. The large county
of York contributes only two or three collections,
two of which were in their place on Thursday. Of
these by far the finest lot comes from Mr. Mclndoe,
gr., Hutton Hall, Guisborough — a nice lot of clean
samples, gathered, we suspect, from orchard-house
trees. The other exhibitor — Mr. Bourne, gr. to
Admiral Challoner, Guisborough— sends a dozen
dishes, mostly for names. The county of Lancaster
is only represented by two exhibitors — Mr. Maries,
nurseryman, of Lytham, who shows fourteen sorts,
all gathered from standards growing within halt a
mile of the sea, and Mr. J. Hathaway, gr. to the
Earl of Latham, Latham House, Ormskirk, who
shows sixty varieties.
Midland Counties.
Cheshire, which has nearly 2000 acres under
orchard cultivation, is very creditably represented by
large contributions from Messrs. F. & A. Dickson
& Sons, and Messrs. James Dickson & Sons, of
Chester, who each contribute about one hundred
varieties— a fine, cleanly-grown lot of fruit, especially
that from the Upton Nurseries ; and smaller, but
none the less interesting, groups from Mr. Selwood,
gr. to the Duke of Westminster, Eaton Hall ; and
Mr. Maddock, Oakfield, Chester. From Derby and
Notts we could not find any consignments, but from
Salop, Mr. Kemp, gr.,Hau2hton Hall, Shifnall, sends
a representative collection, two fruits of a sort. Staf-
ford, perhaps one of the poorest counties in England for
outdoor fruit cultivation, is represented only by Mr.
Stevens, gr. to the Duke of Sutherland, Trentham,who
exhibits a few choice varieties grown on the Paradise
stock. From Leicester Messrs. Harrison & Son send
a collection of over one hundred varieties, some of
which are represented by fine examples, while the
bulk are of fair quality. Rutland and Warwick are,
so far as we could ascertain, unrepresented ; but for
the small county of Northampton, Mr. Gilbert, gr. to
the Marquis of Exeter, Burghley Park, Stamford,
and Mr. J. Harlock, gr. to Lord Lilford, Lilford
Hall, Oundle, do yeoman's service— Mr. Gilbert
staging over one hundred sorts, all represented by
fruits of fine quality, and including a number of seed-
ling varieties collected from various gardens in the
neighbourhood of Stamford, which seems to
be a prolific spot for novelties of this kind. Mr.
Harlock has only a small collection, but his
fruits possesses the merit of being cleanly grown, and
highly coloured. Oxfordshire is well represented by
a large collection from Messrs. John Jefferies & Co.,
of Oxford, and smaller consignments from Mr. Pease,
gr. to W. M. Foster Mellear, Esq., North Aston
Hall, Deddington; and Mr. Finlay, gr. to Col. North,
Wroxton Abbey, Banbury ; while for Bucks, Mr.
G. T. Miles, gr., Wycombe Abbey, sends ninety
dishes, arranged in three groups— viz , fruits from
trees on Paradise stock, grown as dwarf bushes ; from
another set on the same stock, grown as cordons on
■walls; and from old trees on the Crab stock grown in
the table form in the marginal borders of the kitchen
garden. Mr. Turner, of Slough, contributes 150
sorts from his own nurseries, and collected in the
district. Mr. A. G. Bridgman, Great Marlow, sends
thirty-five varieties ; and Mr. Cakebread, The Gardens,
Raynor's Park, Penn, two dozen sorts ; and, we
believe, a collection will also be staged from Ment-
more. The last county in this section— Herts— is
one of the three best represented counties in the
exhibition — four large trade collections and one from
a private garden being on exhibition. The Messrs.
Rivers send from Sawbridgeworth a collection of 150
varieties, arranged in three divisions, one being
devoted to American, French, and Russian varieties,
and the other two to dessert and culinary kind;?,
arranged in the order of their seasons of ripening —
a clean and well-grown lot. Messrs. Paul & Son, of
Cheshunt, contribute 140 varieties, alsoa well-grown lot,
including all the leading varieties, and some not so well
known, represented by excellent specimens. Messrs,
W. Paul & Son send from Waltham Cross a collection
of over 200 varieties, including a very nice lot of fruit
from their branch nursery at Framfield in Sussex — an
extensive assortment altogether, which will well repay
examination. Messrs. H. Lane & Son, of Berk-
hamsted, also have a large collection, in which the
leading large growing sorts are represented by re-
markably fine fruits, somewhat overshadowed it may
be by the abundant display of that truly grand Apple,
Lane's Prince Albert. Mr. J. C. Mundell, gr, to
Lord Ebury, Moor Park, Rickmansworth, has a col-
lection of forty sorts.
Eastern Counties.
The four Eastern Counties — Lincoln, Norfolk, Suf
folk, and Essex — which have between them over 6000
acres of land under orchard cultivation, are very poorly
represented, if we except Essex. From Norfolk and
Suffolk we were unable to find any, and from Lincoln-
shire only one collection, and that a poor one as to
quality. From Essex, however, there are two collec-
tions— one of about 120 sorts from the Messrs. Salt-
marsh tt Son, of Chelmsford, a well-grown lot of
fruit, including two splendid dishes of their very fine
new variety. The Queen, which comes out well, as
also in other collections. The other lot, a most
interesting one, of 112 sorts, comes from the most
eastern part of England — Michelstowe, Ramsey, near
Harwich, the exhibitor being a market gardener,
Mr. W. O. Ward.
Southern Counties.
The seven counties included^ in this division have
" come out strong," as Mark Tapley would say, if
we except perhaps Hants and Wilts. Berkshire veiy
appropriately leads the way with a very good col-
lection of clean, well grown examples of eighty-six
dessert and ^sixty-seven culinary varieties, and nine
seedlings from the Royal gardens at Frogmore.
Seventy-two sorts, represented by exceedingly well
developed fruits, come from Mr. C. Ross, gr.,
Welford Park, Newbury ; and from Purley
Park, near Reading, Mr. Mortimer sends some
forty-two sorts, somewhat smaller in size. Middle-
sex has some doughty champions in Messrs.
Veitch & Sons, who contribute a remarkably fine
collection of iSo sorts, all from young trees grow-
ing in their nursery at Southfields, alluded to in
our last number, and specially notable for their clean,
well-developed appearance, and good colour, where
that is a characteristic. Messrs. Charles Lee & Son
of Hammersmith, have also a large collection, con-
sisting of about 150 varieties, represented by samples
large in size for the most part, and good in quality ;
their nurseries also were alluded to in our last issue.
Private growers are well represented by Mr. Wright,
gr. to — Watts, Esq., Chiswick, who sends fifty
varieties, a first-rate lot, grown near the Gardens,
if not on a portion of the Arboretum that once was a
feature at Chiswick. Mr. Roberts, of Gunnersbury
sends a neat collection of forty sorts, and his neigh-
bour, Mr. Hudson, gr. to H. J. Atkinson, Esq.
Gunnersbury House, a similar collection of abou
thirty sorts. Mr. Woodbridge has a very nice
lot of about fourty sorts from the Syon
House collection. A small collection, but extra
fine in quality, comes from Mr. G. Thompson,
Croxby House, Hounslow ; and Mr. Bray, of Bed-
font, sends a few very pretty samples. Here also
should be again mentioned the large Chiswick collec-
tion, which, on account of the great care bestowed by
Mr. Barron on the nomenclature of the trees under
his charge, will be of great value to any one seeking
correct names.
For quantity and quality combined, Kent un-
doubtedly takes the lead, as from her favoured
geographical position she might well be ex-
pected to do. In her honour and glory Mr.
Haycock shows the magnificent collection previously
alluded to ; Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Maid-
stone, a very fine lot of about 150 sorts, including
the remarkably handsome sample of Washington
October 6, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
443
above mentioned, and one of the largest examples
we have seen of the new Queen. This collection is
admirably labelled, each card stating the use of the
sort, dessert or culinary, its season of usefulness, and
its special suitability for either orchard, pyramidal,
bush, espalier, or cordon system of cultivation. Mr,
Killick has about 120 sorts, all very finely developed
and highly coloured fruits. Mr. Chisholm, of Tun-
bridge, sends a small lot, also of very superior quality ;
Mr. G. Goldsmith, gr., Hollanden, Tonbridge, has
also an excellent collection of seventy varieties ; and
Mr. Goodwin, gr., Mereworth Castle, sends a few
sorts, which are also extra fine in quality. The
Messrs. Frost, of the Bower Nursery, Maid-
stone, send a collection ; and Mr. G. White,
of the same Tplace, has about fifty sorts,
grown at East Farleigh. Mr. C. Langley, Crabbe
House, River, near Dover, sends a collection, best
described as small and good ; Mr. G. Britcher, Ton-
bridge, has twenty-five varieties; and Mr. Neighbour,
gr., Bickley Park, and Mr. J. Beaton, Yoles Court,
near Maidstone, both show large and meritorious
lots.
Sussex is also very strongly represented, the Messrs.
Cheat & Sons, of Crawley, alone putting up an im-
mense collection, numbering about 250 sorts, and of
which any county might be proud, the quality being
superior and the samples well named. A small lot
comes from another Sussex nurseryman, Mr. R.
Miller, of Shoreham ; and the private growers are
represented by Mr. Sidney Ford, gr. Leonardslee,
who has 150 varieties, a first-class lot of samples,
with many good local varieties among them.
Surrey, strange to say, is represented only by
private growers, but we are bound to say that these
make a great and excellent display. Mr. Cummings,
gr. to A. n. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Ilackbridge,
sends from " My Garden " some 200 sorts — a very
pretty lot of fruit. Mr. J, Bunnett, gr.. The Deep-
dene, Dorking, has 100 sorts, mostly excellent.
J. B. Ilayward, Esq., Reigate, sends 140 varieties ;
while smaller collections are shown by Mr. Coombes,
gr.. Sheen House, Mortlake ; Mr. H. Matthews,
Blelchworth ; Mr. T. Taylor, gr., Duneevan, Oat-
lands Park ; Mr. Day, Titsey ; and Mr. Barclay, gr.,
The Durdans, Epsom. Hants is unrepresented, but
from Wilts Mr. Horsefield, gr. to Lord Heytesbury,
sends a dozen sorts grown in the Wylye Valley, about
17 miles north-west of Salisbury.
Western Counties.
The seven counties in this division, considering the
reputation of most of them as fruit-growing centres,
are very poorly represented, Monmouth and Cornwall
sending none at all, while of the others, Worcester,
which has over 16,000 acres of orchards, and boasts
one of the largest fruit tree nurseries in the kingdom,
is represented only by about fifty sorts, Messrs. R.
Smith & Co. showing four varieties, Mr. Edward
Cockbill, Bryn Issa, Pershore, about thirty sorts ;
and W. J. Twinberrow, Walsgrove, Great Witley,
a few others. For Hereford, the Cranston Nursery
Company show a highly meritorious representa-
tive collection of about 300 sorts, including a
number of the purely local cider varieties, and
nearly all of unusually good quality. Messrs.
J. C. Wheeler & Son, of Gloucester, and Messrs.
John JetTeries & Son, of Cirencester, show well as
trade growers for their county ; while Mr. Shingles,
gr. to Earl Ducie at Tortworth, Falfield, represents
the private. growers with a very fine lot for the dis-
trict. Mr. R. H. Poynter, of Taunton, and Mr. J.
Scott, of Merriott, are the only Somerset growers
present, the former having about eighty varieties, nice
cleanly grown samples, and Mr. Scott a collection of
about 200 sorts. Messrs. R. T, Veitch & Son, of
Exeter, send a capital lot of about 100 sorts ; and Mr.
A. Rogers, of Axminster, a collection of fifty varie-
ties, which are all that come from Devon ; while for
Dorset Mr. W. G. Pragnell, The Gardens, Sherborne
Castle, sends a most meritorious collection of 140
sorts, two fruits of each, all gathered from cordon-
trained trees on the Paradise stock.
Wales.
As before remarked, there are only two exhibitors
from the Principality — Mr. Griftin, gr. to the Baron
de Rutzen, Slebeck Park, Pembrokeshire ; and
General Benson, C.B., Fairy Hill, Swansea, Gla-
morganshire. Mr. Griffin sends the largest collection
— about eighty sorts, including most of the leading
varieties, and a number of local sorts, the samples
for the most part being good in quality.
Scotland.
Decidedly one of the most interesting features of
the exhibition is the large display made by Scotland,
and which fills one of the Paxton-houscs before men-
tioned. Here we must not omit first of all to compli-
ment Messrs. Ormiston & Renwick, of the Tub
Nurseries, Melrose, on the care and trouble they
have taken in gathering and bringing to Chiswick
such an admirable display of Tweedside Apples —
a useful piece of work which nurserymen in other
districts might also with great advantage hive
undertaken. The Tweedside Apples include
some seventy varieties from the Earl of Home's
garden, at Hirsel (Mr. Cairns, gr. ), which is in
the valley ol the Tweed, and equidistant
between the Cheviot and Lammermoor Hills; one
variety from Thomas Hogg, Esq , Hope Park,
Coldstream ; twenty-two sorts from Miss Scott
MacDougall's garden at Merkerstoun, on the north
bank of the Tweed ; thirty sorts from Lord Pol-
worth's, at Mertoun, St. Boswell'slMr. I'owler, gr.) ;
forty-three sorts from the Rev. M. H. Graham, of
Maxton Manse, on the south bank of the Tweed ;
thirteen varieties from Mrs. Meiklam's, of Gladswood ,
a similar number from the Earl of Dalkeith, Eildon
Hall, on the south side of the Eildon Hills, and
600 feet above the sea level ; twenty-six sorts from
Priorwood (A. Curie, Esq.), near Melrose Abbey ;
fifteen from Harleyburn (J. Curie, Esq.) ; seventeen
from Abbotsford (Hon. J. C. Maxwell .Scott); five
from Lady Brewster's, of Allerly ; ten from A. Ormis-
ton, Esq., Mayfield, Gattonside ; eight from Lieut. -
Gen. Henry, C.E., Pavilion; twelve from Mrs. Dal-
rymple's, of Langlee ; eight from C. Tennant, Esq.,
of The Gl6n, Innerleithen ; and three from Dryburgh
Abbey.
Lanark, which has the largest acreage of any
Scotch county under orchards, is represented by a
collection of seventy-six sorts, shown by Mr. W.
King, gr. to Major Hamilton, Motherwell, who
owns one of the finest orchards in the county.
Perthshire makes a very brave show with four ex-
hibitors. First comes a very fine lot, collected by
Dr. Robertson, of Errol, a local pomological autho-
rity of repute, and who sends a good representative
collection of the sorts grown in the Carse of Gowrie ;
Mr. McKinnon, gr.. Scone Palace, sends a very good
lot of fifty sorts ; and Mr. Doig, The Gardens,
Rossie Priory, sends a similar number, good in size and
colour. Another Perthshire man, Mr. John Reid, of
Ballindean, Inchture, a cottager who is well known as a
keen competitor at the Dundee show, sends about
twenty sorts of very fair quality. From Brodie Castle,
Nairnshire, about 30 miles north-east of Inverness,
Mr, Clark sends a nice clean lot of fruits. East
Lothian is represented by two collections, one from
Mr. Brotherston, gr., Tyninghame, containing forty-
six sorts— a nice lot of fruit ; and the other collection,
which includes about eighty-one sorts, and good in
quality all through, comes from Mr. John Brunton,
gr., Gilmerton, a very successful exhibitor at the
Edinburgh shows. From a cold and wet district in
Wigtonshire, Galloway House, Garliestown, Mr. J.
Day sends a small collection ; and before this number
reaches our readers it is expected that a collection of
about 200 dishes will have been staged by Mr, Dunn,
of Dalkeith,
The committee commenced their duties in examin-
ing the collections and correcting the nomenclature
yesterday (Friday), and will proceed from day to day
until the whole is completed, when we hope to pre-
sent our readers with some of the useful results of this
great show.
Next week we shall resume our report, and in the
meantime we advise gardeners and fruit-growers to
pay Chiswick a visit. We congratulate the authorities
on the success of their venture, and trust their enter-
prise may bear fruit to their entire satisfaction.
Vegetation of Tulcan. — A characteristic
feature of this foggy and cold region, where the
Lichens hang from the trees in long fringes of grey
lace, is the presence of a pretty Orchid, the variety of
Oncldium cucullatum called macrochilura. I indi-
cate the locality to collectors — I should say, to the
spoilers — of these beautiful plants, because it is so
abundant that they cannot exterminate it. I have
found, but more rarely, a white variety. On the
crest of this paramo, which overlooks the luht'ta of
Tulcan, I saw for the last time the distant summits of
New Grenada ; henceforth the heights I shall have to
traverse will entirely hide them from view. Vegetable
life abounds in this cold foggy district, thanks to a
fertile soil. Veritable trees reappear. Enormous
Aralacious plants of the genus Oreopanax, Melastom-
ads to be classed among the giants of the family
have their branches covered wiih charming Brome-
liads (Caraguata), with pendent flower-spikes, scarlet
bracts, and orange flowers, and the pretty bunches of
an Orchid (Epidendrum), of which the colour varies
from a cinnamon-brown to a decided yellow. Ed,
Andre, " Lc Tour du Monde" p. 363-4.
GARDEN NAMES FOR PLANTS.
This subject is one that is continually cropping up.
For botanical purposes strictly there is a code well
known and acted on by botanists, but lor garden plants
this code does not work well. The original type should
retain its Latin name— all agree upon that point ; but
when it comes to garden varieties the case becomes
altered. Where English names are available they
should, of course, be employed ; but when it comes
to a question of forging new ones then a difficulty
arises. Artificial varieties — made, if we may be
allowed the expression, by the gardeners— should
certainly either not have Latin names at all, or if
Latin be employed the terms used should be such as
not to create a false impression as to the
real nature of the plant to which they are
appended. English names, however, have the great
objection that they will not pass current
in France, in Germany, or in Russia. We have
an illustration of the inconvenience of foreign nomen-
clature in the names given by Russian or Polish
botanists and gardeners. In this country such names
are but too likely to be mis-spelt, and are too often
unpronounceable.
Quite lately. Dr. Sturtevant, the Director of
the New York Agricultural Station, had occasion
to speak of certain well marked and, according
to him, constant varieties of Maize, to which
he proposes to give the name of Pop Corn, Flint
Corn, Dent Corn, Soft Corn, Sweet Corn, and Husk
Corn respectively. These are good serviceable names
for garden or field use in America ; but in this country
not one of these would be called by the nam» Corn —
Maize being our word for the varieties of Zea
Mays. Further, Dr. Sturtevant proposes to dis-
tinguish these varieties by Latin appellations, as fol-
lows :— Zea * everta, Zea * indurata, Zea * indentata,
Zea * amylacea, Zea * saccharata, and Zea * vaginata.
These six varieties may all have originated from Zea
Mays, under which head they would all be grouped
by botanists. Dr. Sturtevant thinks they may be
so many species as distinct from each other as Zea
Mays is distinct from its allies ; but as the matter is
doubtful he uses the asterisk (*) between the generic
and the specific name^a conventional method of
indicating that the names are intended for the pur-
poses of the cultivator rather than for the scientific
classifier.
The great objection to this plan is that it is only
available in written or printed documents, and
even from them the distinguishing asterisk would be
almost sure to be omitted sooner or later, while for
conversational purposes of course the asterisk is quite
useless. The same objection applies to the plan we
frequently adopt of adding the symbol "hort. "to plants
of garden origin whose botanical status is unknown or
undefined: thus, Cattleya pr:estantissima, hort. Veitch,
or Aerides pretiossisimum, hort. Lawrence — to coin
names for the purpose of illustration. What is wanted
is some Latin suffix or affix indicative of the garden
origin or botanically indeterminate nature of the plant
— one which will not clash with any in use by botanists,
and to which definite significations are attached by
them. Thustheterminations "eie," "acea," " accK "
have each a definite botanical signification — not abso-
lute—for where there are many men there are many
minds, and some people will not obey the law, while
in other cases expedience and convenience extenuate
if not justify the breach. Some scholar like Mr.
Wolley Dod — whose efforts to secure correct
nomenclature deserve all praise— and who knows the
requirements both of botanists and of gardeners, might
be able to devise some scheme which would serve as
an expedient. In the nature of things it could only
be an expedient, for it would be in vain to endeavour to
attach fixed names to things, many of which are
evanescent, and all of which are subject to variation,
and all likely to be differently appreciated by difl^erent
minds.
Torenias. — Some charming 'specimens of T.
Bailloni and T. Fournieri were objects of con-
siderable interest at Chiswick during the summer, in
the form of pretty compact specimens, blooming very
freely, the pendent growth of the former contrasting
pleasantly with the upright habit of the latter ; and
the pretty orange and dark flowers of T. Bailloni are
very distinct from those of T. Fournieri, these having
a pale blue crest, a yellow flame in the throat ; the
lip and sides of the flower being maroon. They are
plants we do not often see, but when well grown
they are highly attractive. We have seen the former,
and also T. asiatica, used as basket plants with
excellent effect.
.-.Vgi-
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
"• IRISH GARDEN NOTES.
Old Conna Hill, Bray. — Having visited
Ireland recently, I intended to see as much of the
country as I could, and as many gardens as I was
able in the few days at my disposal, being at the same
time determined to keep my pencil and notebook in
my pocket, and take no notes of anything. But on
visiting Old Conna Hill, in company with that genial
Irishman and kind friend. Rev. F. Tymons, I found
a few things it was not possible to pass without notice.
Phineas Riall, Esq., D.L., is the owner of this
beautiful estate and interesting old garden. In driving
through the well kept grounds to the mansion, I made
a comparison mentally between the deciduous, ever-
green, and coniferous trees here and those in our own
garden, about the same distance from London as this
is from Dublin, the comparison being very much in
favour of the Irish garden. Every tree was in full
leaf and summer beauty, and no traces of autumn
tints to be seen, while our trees had been blasted with
hot winds and summer drought to such an extent
that some of them had lost a large proportion
of their leaves, and the broom had been in
constant requisition for a month at least. These noble
trees and vigorous healthy shrubs testify to the
excellent soil and favourable climate of this part at
least of the Emerald Isle. The coniferous trees are
vigorous almost beyond belief, and they are rivalled
by the Hollies, the rich colours of the variegated
kinds, such as Golden Queen, attracting immediate
notice. Beside the Coniferous trees, of which there
is a very choice collection, comprising some hand-
some specimens of Abies nobilis and A. Nordmanniana,
Larix Kasmpferi is a vigorous young specimen,
although, as is usual, it does not grow freely upward.
There are numerous New Holland shrubs, which
grow quite vigorously in the garden, having withstood
several severe winters. Here, for instance, is a noble
specimen of what is usually termed the Bottle-brush
shrub {Metrosideros floribunda), usually grown in
our greenhouses. It has been established out-of-doors
for years, probably a quarter of a century or more, as
it is about 8 feet high and 6 feet across.
Desfontainea spinosa was conspicuous at a distance
by its beautiful scarlet and yellow flowers : the bush,
in exuberant health, was 6 feet high and 7 feet through.
This Peruvian plant is not often seen in such fine con-
dition.
A noble specimen of Cordyline australis rises from
the centre of a sheltered lawn to a height of 15 feet
or more. It bore a terminal panicle of sweet-scented
blossoms, quite 4 feet across. Truly, this is the place
to practise subtropical gardening I This Cordyline
is an excellent plant to plunge out-of-doors during
summer ; but where in England has it become an
established specimen out-of-doors ?
Eugenia apiculata forms a large bush, 12 feet high
by 12 feet across. It is furnished to the ground
with a dense mass of branches, its Myrtle-like white
flowers being thickly distributed amidst its deep green
leaves. An isolated specimen of Erica arborea,
10 feet high, shows how well the soil was adapted
for Heath culture. Cistus Algarvensis is finely in
flower ; its golden blossoms with a maroon base
to the petals, are an inch in diameter. Mande-
villa suaveolens is a very fine greenhouse climber,
not often seen in good condition, owing to its
reluctance to take kindly to pot culture. Planted
out, the pure white fragrant blossoms are very charm-
ing. Here it is in great beauty, trained to a wall
out-of-doors ; and near it is Solanum jasminoides,
climbing to the top of a high wall ; its clusters of
white flowers hanging from straggling branches is a
sight not soon to be forgotten.
Fuchsia Riccartoni, as seen in the form of large
bushes, is a grand sight. The pretty little species,
F. microphylla, is in its way not less beautiful ; it is
a tiny bush in comparison to its next of kin, but the
little scarlet drops suspended amongst the small
leaves on slender stems never fail to please.
Amongst the popular plants of the Dublin district
the large flowered shrubby St. John's Worts hold a
prominent place, and most deservedly so, as they are
grown and flowered in the best gardens. Hypericum
oblongifolium, with its large golden cupped flowers
covering every growth, is new to my experience.
Not less handsome is H. triflorum, and, as seen in
this garden in the form of large bushes and in excel-
lent health, finer shrubs can hardly be imagined.
Here also is the scarlet flowered Tropasolum spe-
ciosum, planted against a high v?all close to the door-
way. Left to itself it forms a beautiful picture ; cling-
ing to the branches of trees and shrubs it has gained
the top of the wall, and wreathed the doorway with
its scarlet blossoms, more beautiful now in contrast
with the blue-tinted seeds. I have not mentioned a
tenth of the beautiful flowering and handsome
leaved shrubs ; neither is there space to enumerate
the herbaceous plants in the mixed borders, nor the
bedding-out on the well kept lawns. The hothouses
are maintained in excellent order, and quite satisfy
the demand for flowers and fruit, everything being
very creditable to Mr. Riall's excellent gardener. In
walking through the hothouses it is easy to perceive
the worthy proprietor has a strong leaning towards
the culture of Ferns and allied genera. The Filmy
Ferns have ample space in which to develope their
beauties, being shaded from the sun and sheltered by
glass, in the way best adapted to their requirements ;
while the larger growing species have also sufficient
space in which to display the charms of their finely
divided fronds and their graceful contours.
There is also a fine representative collection of
hardy Ferns. These have been arranged with much
taste in a specially prepared rock garden. To name
the collection would be to give a list of the finest
forms of all our native Ferns. Sheltered as they are
from cutting winds by an old Vew hedge, the fronds
were perfect in form and colour. Not content with
what seems ample space for a hardy fernery, they have
overflowed into the kitchen garden, and travelled for
scores of yards round the borders. Thinking that
Mr. Riall might not have seen the variety of the
common Polypody, Polypodium vulgare cornubiense
Fowleri, which resembles the Killarney Fern so much
as to be mistaken for it at a casual glance, I men-
tioned it to him. " Oh, yes ; I have it here ; " and
thinking to see a small plant, I followed as he led the
way round the border, and here sure enough it was in
two forms ; a whole row of it across the narrow
border like a broad band of Parsley. It was evidently
not a new plant at Old Conna Hill. There seem to
be two types of it, one much more delicately formed
than the other. I sent a frond of each form of it to
that great authority on Ferns, Thomas Moore, Esq.,
the Botanic Garden, Chelsea, I saw the plant from
Messrs. Stansfield that was certificated last year, and
do not doubt that it is identical with the above kind.
Having to go further that day, we reluctantly took
leave of Mr. Riall and his interesting garden, which
to him must be a source of never failing enjoyment.
J. Douglas.
yEscuLUS SINENSIS, Bunge. — M. Lavallee recently
showed specimens of this tree before the Central
Horticultural Society of France from China and from
Japan. The tree is hardier than the common Horse
Chestnut, and begins to unfold its buds about a month
later. The young leaves have a rusty-brown colour,
Crat-IiGUS nigra. — This is a robust vigorous-
growing Thorn, with deeply - cut leaves, hoary
beneath, and shining black, round fruits. It makes
a good bush or small tree from 15 to 20 feet in height,
and when laden with fruit is a striking object. It is
a native of Hungary, and was introduced to this
country at the commencement of the present century ;
it is, however, not so frequently grown as it deserves
to be, Loudon informs us that "nightingales are
said to be attracted by this tree, probably because it
is particularly liable to be attacked by insects, and
because numerous caterpillars are to be found on it
about the time when the nightingale is in full song."
The same property of attracting nightingales is ascribed
to the common Hawthorn in La T/uorie dii Jardin-
age, &c., published in 1709. C. nigra at Kew (where
there are many fine trees) seems to be, this season at
any rate, almost free from insect attacks of any kind.
Escallonia Phillippiana. — A white-flowering
variety of these elegant shrubs is a most abundant
bloomer during the months of June and July, so that
the duration is an extended one for a summerflowering
shrub. The plant is not particular as to soil, but more
so as regards position, requiring, in more northerly
localities than London, the protection of a wall. At
Combe Wood it is quite hardy, blooming beautifully in
fully exposed places, and having no other protection
than what is afforded by the proximity of other dwarf
shrubs. This should prove to be an excellent com-
panion plant to E. macrantha and E. Ingrami, all of
which are very effective as specimens for the lawn or
choice shrubbery, and equally so as pot or tub plants
for courts, balconies, and such-like places, in which
tenderer plants, or those with softer foliage, would be
damaged by the wind and general exposure. A figure
was given in our volume for 1878, p. 109,
Prunus Pissardi is certainly one of the most
remarkable hardy shrubs in cultivation. We know of
none which can in any way vie with it in the splen-
dour of its intense red foliage. The fruits, too, even
in a young state, are also a deep red colour — a cha-
racter which perhaps does not obtain in any other
Plum. The species is still rare in gardens — indeed
the only locality where we have seen it in this country
is the Waltham Cross Nurseries of Messrs. W. Paul
& Son — but its rare ornamental character is sure to
make it a general favourite before long. A coloured
plate of the foliage and a full description of the plant,
together with the history of its introduction, is given
in the Revue Horiicole for 1881. The specific name
was given by M. Carriere, in honour of M. Pissard
(head gardener to the Shah of Persia), who sent the
plant to France. It is found about Tauris, an im-
portant Persian town about 450 kilometres from
Teheran, where it is still rare and much sought after
on account of the bright colouring of the leaves, and
particularly of the fruits, which are deep red even as
soon as formed. Before being ripe these are used for the
decoration of desserts, and are also eaten with salt ;
when quite ripe they are of fairly good quality, M.
Carriere recommends that the plant should be used
for enlivening beds or borders near dwellings, as its
leaves, flowers, fruit, as well as the deep blackish-red
shining bark, constitute a perpetual ornament. Its
dwarf branching habit renders it a fit subject to be
grown in pots, like Spiraeas and other similar shrubs,
G.N.
I
STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON
Fob the Week ending Wednesday, October 3, 1883,
Hygrome-
trical De-
Barometer.
Temperature of
THE Air.
ductions
from
Wind.
>■■
Tables 6th
ri
Edition.
D
J
<
1
1
g
s
X
b. S
s
1
Mean Readin
Reduced to
32° Fahr.
Departure fro
Average of
18 years.
1
%
il
1^
m
Is""
0
-
c
1
i
a
II
s
Sept.
In.
In.
^
,
0
.
0
g
In.
27
29.50
-0.24
63,0
51-5
"•SSS-9
+ 1-3
so .3
82
W. lo.is
28
29.38
-0.35
64.0
48.8
15.256.0'-}- 1.5
48.1
70
W. 0.17
m
29.09
—0.63
58-5
47-5
11.050.9— 3-5
45-7
84
W. 0.87
0'?,
29.26
—0.4s
53-0
45.5
7-548-8- S-S
46-3
9.{
n.n'.e. i""'
I
29.63
— 0.07
S4-5
4b. 0
8.5'48.8- 5.6
40.0 73
W.NW.0.05
2
2982
-ho. 13
54-0
40.5|i3.5 46.e|- 7.6
37-4 73 j
N.N W.-^-^S
3
=935
-033
48.5
42.0 6 545-2— 8.7
1
41.8 88
W. 0.22
Mean
29-43
—0.28
S6-5
46.010.550.3— 4.0
44..1 80
w.
1.70
Sept. 27.— Heavy showers throughout the day.
Fine night.
— 28. — Fine and bright at times. Dark cl
udy night ;
rain from 6 p.m to 8 pm.
— 29. — Fine bright morning ; hail fell from 2
.13 P.M. to
2.20 P.M. Heavy ram from 4 I'M-
_
30.-
-Dull
mo
nin
;: ra
in t
!l noo
1 ; 0
ccasio
nally bri
ght.
k-ith a warm sun. Dark cloudy night.
— Fine at times : few showers of rain. Dark night ;
cold wind all day and night.
-Fine and cloudy alternately ; very cold wind.
Dark sky at night.
-Very dull : raining all day. Dark night.
London ; Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending September 29 the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea increased from 29.93 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.10 inches by 9 A.M. on
the 23d, decreased to 2966 inches by 3 P.M. on
the 24th, increased to 29.91 inches by 10 p.m. on the
25th, decreased to 29.69 inches by 9 A.M. on the 26th,
increased to 29.73 inches by 10 P.M. on the same day,
decreased to 29.64 inches by 3 P.M. on the 27th,
increased to 29.72 inches by 9 A.M. on the 2Sth,
and was 29.23 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.69 inches, being 0.29 inch lower than
October 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
445
last week, and 0.21 inch below the average of the
week.
Temperatitre. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 69", on the 25th ; the highest
reached on the 29th was 58°.5. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 64°. 9.
The lowest temperature in the week was 43°. 5t o"
the 23d ; the lowest temperature on the 25ih was
55°. 1 . The mean of the seven low night temperatures
was 50". 6.
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
2I°.9, on the 23d; the smallest was 11°, on the
29th. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 14°- 3.
The mean temperatures were— on the 23H, 54*. 7 ;
on the 24th, 59°.S ; on the 25th, 60", 6 ; on the 26ih,
S9'.S ; on the 27lh, 55°.9 ; on the 2Sth, 56° ; and
on the 29ih, 50^9. Of these the 23d and 29ih
were below their averages by o^-S and 3°. 5 respec-
tively ; the rest were above by 4^.8, 5". 8, S^.l, i''.3,
and I ".5 respectively.
The mean temperature of the week was 56°.S, being
i*.5 lower than last week, and 2°.i higher than the
average of the week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was II7^5, on the 26th. The mean of the
seven readings was lll°.4.
The lowest reading of a thermometer with its bulb
placed on short grass was %^°.\, on the 23d. The
mean of the seven readings was 42°.9.
vV(im. — Rain fell on six days, to the amount of
1.48 inch, during the week, of which 0.87 inch fell
on the 29" h.
England : Temperature. — During the week ending
September 29 the highest temperatures were 69°.7 at
Cambridge, and 69° at Truro and Blackheath ; the
highest at Bolton was 62°.2, at Bradford 62".S, and at
"Wolverhampton 63". 7. The general mean was 65*'.9.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 38^ at
Wolverhampton, 39*.7 at Cambridge, and 4r.2 at
Nottingham ; the lowest at Truro and Leeds was 49%
and at Bradford 4S^S. The general mean was 45°.2,
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 30" at Cambridge, 26°.6at Nottingham, and 25°. 7
at Wolverhampton ; the smallest ranges were 14''
at Bradford, 15° at Leeds, and 15'. 9 at Liverpool.
The general mean was 20°. 7.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 65''.4, at Blackheath 64°. 9,
and at Brighton 64°. 5 ; and were lowest at Bolton,
59''.4, at Bradford Co".!, and at Liverpool 6o''.3.
The general mean was 62°. 2.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures were
highest at Truro, 54°.9, at Plymouth 53°.4, and at
Brighton 52°. 2 ; and were lowest at Wolverhampton,
46^9, at Nottingham 48% and at Cambridge 49".l.
The general mean was 50°. 8.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Cambridge, I6^3, at Nottingham I5°.5, and at
Blackheath I4°.3 ; and were least at Liverpool, 8^4,
at Truro 8^5, and at Bradford S°.9. The general
mean was n'^.4.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 58°,
at Brighton 57°. 2, and at Plymouth 57°. I ; and was
lowest at Wolverhampton, 52°.9, at Bolton 53*4,
and at Bradford 54°.4. The general mean was
55'.5-.
J<ain. — The largest falls were 4. 14 inches at Bolton,
3.86 inches at Bradford, and 2.68 inches at Sheffield ;
the smallest falls were 1.28 inch at Nottingham,
1.33 inch at Brighton, and i 48 inch at Bradford.
The general mean fall was 2 26 inches. Rain fell on
every day in the week at northern stations, and on
six days at southern stations.
Scotland : Temperature, — During the week end-
ing September 29 the highest temperature was 66\9,
at Dundee ; at Paisley the highest was 62^5. The
general mean was 64°. 4.
The lowest temperature in the week was 38°. 5,
at Aberdeen ; at Leith the lowest temperature was
46°.4. The general mean was 41". 9.
The mean temperature was highest at Leith, 55". 5 ;
and lowest at Aberdeen 5i°.9. The general mean
was53^5.
Rain. — The largest fall was 1.44 inch, at Perth;
and the smallest was 0.63 inch at Leith. The mean
fall was 1.07 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S,
^.nquivhs.
Variation. — " Each species has the prcperty
of varying within a certain amount ; crossing of
difTerent individuals, so long as no selection is made
in a definite direction, suffices to keep the middle
point fairly constant, about which the variations oscil-
late ; and so the extremes remain also constant. But
if the tendency to vary in either direction is aided by
natural or artificial selection, then our middle point is,
as it were, shifted to that side, and the extremes of
oscillation are also shifted to the same side," Mulkr's
•' FeriiHsation of Flowers. ^^
He Huii questioHfth much sliall learn much. — IIacon.
Prkserving Bkrriks of Mountain Ash.— Is there
any method of preserving the bLTries of Mountain Ash,
so that they may be used through the winter for deco-
rative purposes ? Any information will very much oblige.
'John Littlejokn, Aberdeen.
Answers to Correspondents.
Aktiiicial EDGtNG TiLES (see p. 409). — There is a
great dearth of really rustic or artistic edging-tiles.
Jhe only really good substitute that I have met with is
a singular one. Of this I have used some miles in ex-
tent in connection with my landscape garden work.
What I refer to arc the "clinkers," or bricks used
for paving all good stables, or more especially the
stalls wherein the horses stand. These are in size
5 or 6 inches in length, i to \\ inch in thickness,
and about 2 inches, or a little more, in width. They
are composed of exceedingly hard material— so much
so that difficulty is experienced in breaking them with
the hammer. 1 have never had occasion to use new
ones — old ones which had been cemented in, worn
somewhat, and taken up, being preferable to new,
owing to their aged appearance and the roughness
which portions of cement attached give. Tliey are
not made square, or to any true outline, hence the
name of "clinkers."' and excellent effect they pro-
duce. Laid slantwise in the ground, with one corner
only projecting upward, they give an exceedingly neat
and effective edging. Such a small portion protrudes
from the ground, or above its level, that they area fixture,
seldom shifting when a wheelbarrow-wheel goes over
them, and they are easily righted when displaced. Of
course, if laid in binding material, lime, sand, &c., well
watered in during dry weather, this substance being per-
mitted to dry, they become additionally firm. Modern
clinkers are made with smooth surfaces and cut-away
edges, glazed. &c, : these I do not recommend as
being equal to the old. Probably an advertisement
may result in obtaining a heap ot the old, as they are
but a lumber-heap in many places which owners do
not know what to do with. WiUiani F.arley, Double
Home, Hford. [We also can speak well of these for
an edging. Ed.T — In answer to " S. F.'s" enquiry
about artificial edging for kitchen gardens I would
suggest the use of rope made of manilla or ordinary
hemp, 4-ply thick, such as is used on board ship, and
thoroughly saturated in gas or other tar to preserve it
from damp. To use it judiciously boards or Larch
poles of an even thickness, say 3 inches in diameter,
should be firmly placed into the ground and secured
with wooden or iron pegs, and the rope nailed firmly
thereto with 4 or 5-inch steel nails. In the gardens of
a nobleman on the northern side of the "bonny
Tweed " may be seen numerous flower beds adorned
with rope of the thickness described, and to those
fond of an artificial edging the rope will be found not
only pleasing to the eye, but less labour will be
needed by the use of it. Seedsman, Dublin.
Begonia : G. Finlay. The blooms were very good ; it
may, therefore, be worth preserving, especially as habit
and foliage are good.
Books: Inquirer. Table Decoration; Miss Has-
sard"s Floral Decorations for Dioelling Houses (Mac-
millan & Co.). — Aquatic Subscriber. There is a
shilling manual on the subject, called The Aquaria,
which gives the information you require, but we have
forgotten the name of the publisher. Any bookseller
will get it for you.
Coverings for Frame.s : Otd rubscriber. Straw
mats, such as are made at Aston Clinton, near Tring,
are more durable, and are much warmer, than any
Russian mat. They are a liitle dearer, but with
care in drying properly when put away lor the
summer season, they will last three years. For shad-
ing something similar is made from Reeds put together
in a similar way to the straw mat. These will last still
longer. Your communication concerning the Straw-
berry is unfortunately mislaid.
Cucumbers (see p. 409). — I have taken 2+0 fruits off
three plants — Daniels' Duke of Edinburgh, Carter's
Improved Telegraph, and Marquis of Lome — some of
the fruits weighing 8 lb. 202., and measuring 38 inches
in length. J. A. McL., Ayrshire.
Dahlia, Semi-double: Cornub a. It is not sufficiently
dwarf to make a bedding variety, and for any other
purpose it is not worth sending out.
EUCHARIS AMAZONICA : J, Broomc. We have many
times seen twin flowers.
LiLIUM AURATUM : A.
of the same class.
Names or Fruit : J . Farmer. Sanguinole. or Blood
Pear. — A Subscriber, Salop, i, 3, 7, 10. Marie Louise ;
2, Passe Colmar ; 4, Old Colmar ; 5. Beurr^ Diel ; 6,
Duchesse d"Angouleme ; 8, Fondante d'Automne ; 9,
Napoleon ; n, 12, not recognised ; 13, Beurre Sterck-
mans. — J. Parker, i, Beurr^ Diel ; 2, Marie Louise ;
3, Vicar of Winkfield ; 4, Louise Bonne of Jersey ; 5,
Beurr^ d'Amanlis. Apples: i, Dumelow's Seedling;
2, Minshul Crab ; 3, Cox"s Orange Pippin ; 4. King
of the Pippins. — M. Smith Kcnnard. Pear, Flemish
Beauty ; /"(^fzr/r.Walburton Admirable. — Capt. Rogers.
I, unknown — not Margil ; 2, Prince Albert ; 3, Cel-
hni. — E. Morgan. Appears to be Passe Colmar, but
not ripe yet. — J. L., Diss. Pear, Beurr^ Bosc. Other
inquirers must please wait till next week.
Names of Plants : C. .A. Hojper, The old Wheat-
ear Carnation. — 7. //., Darlington. i, Polygo-
num Aviculare (Knot-grass) ; 2, li.irtsia odontites ;
3. Rhinanthus crista-galli (Yellow Rattle). All common
weeds. — //. C, Syston. Aponogeton distachyon. — T.
T. Not Chrysocoma Linosyris, but Inula Conyzi :
not rare. — A*. G. 1, Odontoglossum losve ; 2, we can
only guess the plant to be Oncidium sculptum. Other
inquirers must wait till next week.
Pea tiLADiATOR : Taffy. Has been frequently recom-
mended in our columns.
Peaches : J. M. P. Ansu-ered last week.
Peach House : C. B. Nothing planted out perma-
nently under such circumstances as you describe would
be likely to do any good, and we could not advise you
to make any experiments in the matter. Of course, in
early spring, before the leaves get too dense, and in
the autumn, after the leaves have fallen, such a bed
may be made very useful — in what way we suspect you
need not be told.
Potatos : H. H., Bournemouth. The most reliable sorts
for your use would be the best table sorts — Magnum
Bonum Kidney. Paterson's Victoria, and Yorkshire
Regent, white round sorts ; and Scotch Rock^, blue,
a good ordinary sort. All of them keep well.
Pri.mulas : T. C. T. The young leaves are dead at
the edges. Have you used any strong manure- water,
or fumigated them too strongly ? Extremes of dryness
alternating with copious waterings are injurious also to
the Primula.
RciSTELiA AND PoDisOMA ; W. G. S. A connection
is said to exist between the teleutospores, not only of
the Podisoma growing on the Savin, but on Juniperus
communis, J. oxycedrus, virginiana, phoenicea, and
Pinus halepensis. CErsted is credited with all these
discoveries. See Journal 0/ tlie Central Horticultural
Society of France, 1865 ; Bulletin of the Botanical
Society 0/ France, xvi., 214, &c.
Strawberry : C. b^ R. Fruit quite destroyed when
received.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Charles Turner, Slough — Hardy Trees and Shrub;,'
Climbing Plants, &c.
James W. Mackey, 23, Upper Sackville Street, Dublin
■ — Dutch Flower Roots.
V. Lemoine, Rue de TEtang, i Nancy— Extrait du
Prix Courant.
Etablissement d'Horticulture, du GoU-Iuan,
Vallauris — Roses.
George Rudd, Undercliffe, near Bradford — Auriculas,
Carnations, and Picotees.
M. K. There are many better
CoMMUMC\TioNS Feceived: — H. K — T. J. — F. Sander &
Co.-H— C. W. D.— Enquirer.— J Veitch & Sons. — Heaih
& Son— H. S. — F. W —A. T.S.-Barker. — Walter J Koyle.
-K L. — P. F. Keir, Kieff. — H. E.-J. D. & S^ns.-C. M O.
(wKh thanks— plr-abe do).-K. & B.— L. W. — F. W.-J. S.
— R, t-faii. — C. H. (a form analogous to the old WhcHt-ear
C'arnalioii) — J. S. — Messrs Cannell & Co. — E. B b. —
Messrs (Jas^ell. — W. J. M.— F. W. B — C. P.— T. C-
J. O. B— D. S.— G. P.-B. R.— E. L S., New York.—
J. B— James Dickson & Sons.- J. S. — H. B. McK., Dun-
dee (your letter is to hand, but nothing else) — T. C. — E. V, B,
—J. C — H. W. D'Ombrain.- M. Mazel Nue.
DIED, on August 2, at Sydney, New South Wales,
William, third son of Mr. James Tegg, of Bearwood,
aged twenty-six years.
CO VENT garden; October 4.
Trade for best goods improved ; Apples heavy.
James Webber, WJwlesale Apple Market.
Plants in Pots. — Averagb Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90
Hydrangea, per, doz. 9 0-24 o
Liliums, various, per
dozen . . . , iz 0-33 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen ,, ..8 o-\t o
Mignonnette doz. ..40 60
Myrtles, per dL>z. .. 6 0-12 o
Palmsio variety, each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozeu . . 2 c- 6 o
Aralia Sieboldii, doz. 12
Arbor-viise (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6
— (common), dozen 6
Asteis. per doz. .. 4
Begonias, per doz. .. 6
Bouvardia, doz, ..12
Caladiums. per doz. 6
Cocksccm^s, doz. .. 3
Coleus, doz. . . . . 2
Dracecna term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz . . 12
Erica, various, do/. 9
Euonymus, various,
per do7en . . . . 9
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . ..6
d. s. d,
0-24 o
0-18 o
0-12 o
0-90
O-IZ o
0-18 o
O 24 O
0-60
0-60
0-60 o
0-24 o
o- 18 o
Q-18 o
Cut Flowers. — Average Wholesale Prices.
Abutilon. 12 bunches 2
Asters, 12 bunches.. 2
— French, per bun. 3
Bouvardias, per bun. i
Carnations, 12 blm?. i
— 12 bunches . . 3
Cornflower, 12 bun,, i
Dahlias, 12 bun. .. 3
EuchariE, per doz. .. 3
Gardenias, 12 bims.. 3
Gladioli. 12 spikes., i
Helioiropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, while, 12
blooms .. ..3
— red, 12 blooms,, i
Liliums, 12 blooms., o
Marguerites, 12 bun. 6
t. s. d.
0-40
0-90
0-40
o- I t
■ 6 o
• 6 o
■ 6 o
0-30
6- I 6
Mignonette, 12 bun, 2
^lirieolds, IZ bun. . . 2
Myosoiis, or Forget-
me-not, p. 12 bun. 2
Pansies, 12 bunches o
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 1
— zonaJ, 12 sprays o
Picotees, 12 bun. .. 2
Primula, double, bun. i
Roses (indoor), doz. 2
— (outduor), isbun. 3
— coloured, doz. . . 3
Stephanolis, 12 spr. 4
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2
TropEeoIum, 12 bun. 1
White Jasmine, bun. o
d. s. d.
0-60
0-40
0-60
9- I 6
0-16
3-06
0—60
0-16
0-60
0-60
c- 8 o
0-60
0-40
0-20
6-10
446
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
Fruit. — Average Wholesale Prices.
Apples, j4-sieve
Cobs, per too lb.
Figs, per dozen
Grapes, per lb. ,
Lemons, per case
s. d. s. d.
. 16- 26
.100 0-116 o
10- ..
. 10-20
. 3 3 O- 30 O
s. d. s. d.
Melons, each . . i o- s o
Peaches, per doz. .. 2 o- J2 o
Pine-apples. Eng,, lb. 20-50
Plums, J^-sieve .. 7 0-13 o
Vegetables— Average Petail Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz. .. ..30-50
Beans, French, lb... 04- ..
— Scarlet, per lb. .. 03-..
Beet, per doz. .. 10- ..
Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-20
Carrots, new, p. bun, 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen . . 20-30
Celery, per bundle ..16-..
Cucumbers, each .. 04-08
Endive, English, per
dozen . . ..10-..
Garlic, per lb. ..10-..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
Horse Kadish, bund. ^ o- 4 o
Potatos. — Kent Kidneys, £,^ to £^ tos. per ton ; do., Regents,
£,is. ics to £^ ics. per ton.
s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . ..10-..
— Cos, per dozen . . 16-.,
Mint, green, bunch. . 06- ..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch .. 06- ..
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch . , 04-..
Peas. English, quart i c- ..
Radishes, per doz. .. 1 6- ..
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 26-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..06-09
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 02-04
SEEDS,
London : Oct, 3. — Messrs. John Shaw and Sons, of
37, Mark Lane, E.G., report that the market for farm
seeds was without any fresh feature to-day. For red
Clover seed no buyers are yet found. America this
morning cables lower quotations, and crops every-
where promise most abundantly. The Trifolium trade
is nearly over. Winter Vetches sell at former cur-
rencies. There is no variation in seed Rye. Rape
seed maintains late rates. Blue Peas command former
values. Canary seed is dull and neglected. Feeding
Linseed slow.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday the supply of English
Wheat was small, and for the most part in bad condi-
tion. No quotable change occurred in prices, but the
market was fiat. The same may be said of foreign, of
which the supplies continue heavy. Flour was dull of
^ale at the rates of Monday sennight. Malting Barley
was quiet, but good qualities firm ; grinding descriptions
were dull, and about 6d. lower than on Monday last.
Beans and Peas unchanged ; the prices of Oats about
steady, and Maize 3^. to 6t/. lower since Monday week.
— Wednesday's trade was dull, with prices nominally un-
altered from Monday. Flour was also slow of sale at
late rates. Grinding Barley was hardly steady, and malt-
ing firm. Beans and Peas remained at previous value.
For Oats the market was quiet, and new Riga barely
supported. Maize was a slack sale at about late quota-
tions.— Average prices of corn for the week ending
September 29 : — Wheat, 41^. ; Barley, 33^. ; Oats. 20J.
For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat,
40^. ^d. \ Barley, 34J. lorf. ; Oats, 20J. -zd.
CATTLE.
At the Metropolitan Market on Monday beasts were
dull, and prices barely up to last week, excepting for a
few choice qualities. Danish cattle sold at 4J-. 6d. to 5j.,
and Canadian 51. 2.d. to 5^. ^d. Sheep met a fairly
steady sale, and in some cases brought rather better
prices. Canadians made 5^. lorf. to %s. 6d. ; and
Danish 5^. Zd. The calf supplies consisted chiefly of
foreign. The pig trade was about steady. Quotations
(average) : — Beasts, 5^. to 51. M., and 5J. lod. Xo6s. 2d. ;
calves, 51. to 6s. M.\ sheep, 5^. Bd. to 6/. ^., and
6s 8d. to s. 2d. : pigs, 4J. to 51. — On Thursday notn*uch
was passing in the cattle trade : no prime qualities, and
business was quiet at drooping prices. Sheep were in
fair demand at Monday's currency, Calves were scarce
and dear, and pigs dull.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that
the supplies were very moderate and trade quiet. Quota-
tions : — Prime Clover, looj. to ii2j. ; inferior, 60s. to
75-f. ; prime second cut, gos. to io8j. ; best meadow hay,
80J. to gos. ; inferior, 401. to 65J. ; and straw, zgs. to
38s. per load. — On Thursday there was a moderate sup-
ply, and trade was quiet at the above rates. — Cumber-
land Market quotations : — Superior meadow hay, 841. to
95J. ; ^inferior, 6oj. to 72J. ; superior Clover, io8j. to
ii6j. ; inferior, 841. to 951. ; and straw, 35J. to 391. per
load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that there have been moderate supplies, with a quiet
demand. Quotations : — Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 8ar. ;
Kent Regents, Sos. ; Essex Regents, jos. ; Champions,
6qs. ; and Roses, 60s. per ton. — The imports into London
last week consisted of 3100 bags from Hamburgh, 4 from
Ostend, and 204 from Ghent.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, lys. ; Ravensworth West
Hartley, 155. gd. ; Walls End — Hetton, 20s. ; Hetton
Lyons, 18s. ; Lambton, igs. 6d. ; Wear, 18s. ; Tees,
20s. -^d. ; Thornley, 18s. 6d.
Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at loi to loi^ for delivery, looj^ to 101^'^ for the account.
The figures of Tuesday and Wednesday were 100^,^ to
loi for delivery, and loi^ to 101^ for the account.
Wednesday's final quotations were 100^^ to iooj| for
delivery, and loi to loi^ for the account.
1883.J OfTer of Seeds from
AL I E T Z E , Rio de Janeiro,
• Gross Prices in Shillings.
[1884.
Brazil.
ACROCOMIA sclerocarpa,.
ARAUCARIA brasiliensis ..
ARECA lutescens
,,,,.. . . 5 000 Seeds, 100s.
,,,,.- .. 10,000 Seeds, 1605.
,, madagasc.
,, rubra
• > ,, .. .. s.ooD Seeds, soj.
., 1, . . ..TO oco Seeds, 8oj.
ASTROCARYUM Airi
ATTALEA speciosa
BACTRIS Maraja
CARYOTA sobolifera
,, urens
COCOS campestris
,, flexuosa . .
,, oleracea ,,
,, ptumosa . .
It t. .. •• 5,coo Seeds, inos.
,. Procopeana
,, Weddelliana
I, ,, .. .. s.coo Seeds, 200J.
II 1, .. .. 10,000 Seeds, 375J.
COFFEA arabica
,, ,, yellow fruit variety
., ,, variety Maragogipe
COPKRNlCtA cerifera ..
DESMONCUS, sp Rio ..
DIPLOTHIlMIUM caudescens ..
., maritimum
ELAEIS guineensis
EUTERPE eduHs
GEONOMA gracilis
I. .. .. .. 5, coo Seeds, i20.r.
., Schoitiana
GLAZfOVA insignis
,.,,.. . . 5,000 Seeds, 200J.
LIVISTONA sinensis
„ I, . . .. 5,000 Seeds, ^f:s,
, . , , . . . . 10,000 Seeds, -los.
MASSANGEA tignna(Brom) ..
OREODOXA oleracea
PANDANUS utilis
,, ,, .. .. 5,000 Seeds, Soi,
.,,,.. .. 10,000 Seeds, 150J.
RAVENALA madagajc
PKILODENDRON bipinnatif, )
„ speciosum ., .. f
II ,1 . . . . 5,000 Seeds. 75^.
,1 „ .. .. 10,000 Seeds, i2o.r.
Less than ico Seeds each sort
^■P--e- s=S.. s'/ed".
Sept.
May
Jan.
June
Nov.
May
Nov.
irregularly
Sept.
Jan.
irregularly
Nov.
Dec.
May
Jan.
May
Nov.
April
May
March
June
Dec.
Aug.
May
irregularly
April
80
30
25
so
30
80
30
130
ICO
t03
50
30
are not delivered.
"VTEW LILIUM HARRISI.— We were the
-^^ introducers of this distinct and floriferous variety of
L. eximium last year.
E.\tract from Gardeners' Chronicle : — " Lilium Harrisi, — We
have received a two- flowered stem of this Lily from Messrs.
Watkins & Simpson, who introduced it into the London market,
and which is the second flower-stem produced this season in
the manner described by Mr, Clausen, at p. 53, by a second-
fized bulb in the possession of Mr. Walker, of Whitton. near
Hounslow. The flowers are very fine, and evidence seems to
be accumulating that it is distinct from L. longiflorum, or at
least a well-marked variety of that species. It does not appear
to do well out-of-doors, preferring the shelter of a cool green-
house : and it stands forcing well. We understand that one of
the most extensive growers of plants for market has given a
large order for bulbs lor forcing next spring."
Price of Bulbs of the above and many oiher Lilies on applica-
tion to
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
Special Trade Offer.
TRIS RETICULATA, MARTAGON LILY
JL (yellow and purple), LlLlUM CANDIDUM, a)so
Improved Large RUSSIAN SHALLOTS.
WILLIAM INGLIS, General Seed Merchant, Kelso, N.B.
s
THE SELECTED BURGHLEY
PRESIDENT STRAWBERRY.
Characterised by T.R. H. the Prince and Princess of Wales,
as the largest in size and the best in flavour ; an enoimous
cropper, and splendid glossy colour. Are now ready to send
out on turf, to insure a full crop next season. 25,1. per ico ;
ordinary Runners half price.
R. GILBERT, High Park Gardens, Stamfoid.
Roses.— Fruit Trees.— Fruit Tree Stocks.
FECIAL OFFER at REDUCED PRICES,
Delivered free to London,
30,000 ROSES, fine standards. No. i and No. 2, choice.
18,000 ,, fine half-standards. No. 1 and No. 2, choice.
45,000 ,, fine low-budded on Manetti, No. 1 and No, 2
choice.
20,000 ,, fine low-budded on Brier roots, No. 1 and No. 2,
50,000 „ fine, own roots, well assorted. [choice,
lo.oco ,, fine, own roots, Souvenir de Malmaison.
303,000 ,, Brier seedling stocks.
100,000 STOCKS, Manetti, No. i and No. 2.
25 oco „ La Griffcraye, No. 1 and No- 2.
ico.ooo PEARS. PEACHES. PLUMS, APRICOTS,
APPLES, and CHERRIES, fine i-yr. budded.
30,000 PEARS and APPLES, pyramid, fine 2-yr budded.
iS.ooo PEARS. APPLES. PEACHES, APRICOTS,
PLUMS and CHERRIES.formed in pyramids and
palmette. fine extra transplanted, ready to give fruits.
2,oco,oco FRUIT TREE STOCKS, of every kind and
choice, such as Quince ; Apple, i-yr. and trans-
planted ; Pears, i-yr. and transplanted ; Plums,
St. Julien, Myrobolan, Mahaleb ; common Cherries
(Cetasus avium).
10,000,000 FOREST TREES and Ornamental SHRUBS,
young stocks, i ard 2 yr., and transplanted.
PRUNUS PISSARDl.
This splendid ornamental tree, with its red leaves and black
wood foliage, keeping red until frosi, is offered per 100 aL'd icoo,
at low prices. A few hundred fine Specimens on standards.
The prices of the Roses, Fruit Trees, and Fruit Tree Stocks
are very low and advantageous, and will be sent on demand.
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chateney (Seine), pies Paris,
France. E;iablished iSj/.
Persons wishing to be assured of beirjg supplied in full for the
next season, must direct their demands and orders at the earliest
moment. Mr. L. Paillet is ready to make immediately a
contract for any quantities of the above stocks.
A Catalogue, printed in English, will be sent on application.
T3 OSES (20 acres). — Well-rooted, many
■X,\} shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and
of the best kmds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8,1. per
dozen, (ics. per loa ; packing and carriage free for cash with
order. Standards, 15J. per dozen, or 100 free for 1201. These
world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction.
DescDptive LIST free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and See
Merchants, Worcester.
QWEET-SCENTED LAVENDER.—
>^ Twelve plants, ij-. yi., free, or yr. per 100, free per Parcels
Post. This charming sweet-scented plant ought to be in
every garden ; perfectly hardy, but suitable for greenhouse
culture.
RARE HOLLY FERN, with thorns, like miniature Holly
leaves, li. , free; two plants, is. 6d., free; twelve, 7^., free.
Quite hardy, but nice for Fern-case culture.
While scented old English garden LILY, three fine blooming-
size bulbs, i.r. 6d , free ; twelve, 4s. 6d., free.
MORLEY AND CO.. Rosedale Exotic Nurseries, Preston.
Trade Offer.-50,000 Palms and Ferns.
\\7'ILLIAM ICETON, Barnes and
» » Roehampton, has an especially fine stock of clean
healthy PALMS, at very low rates for quantities, viz. ;— Arecas,
Coryphas, Cocos flexuosa, Weddelliana. Romanzoffiana ; Geo-
nomasof sorts ; Kentias, 1000 nice plants; Latanias, Ph(xnixrupi-
cola, Cycas revoluta, circinalis, Rumphia. The finest stock of
DRAC^NA LINEATA(true), from 3 to 9 feet, for Winter
Gardens and Conservatory Decoration : perfect plants. DRA-
CHMA RUBRA in large quantuies. also ASPIDISTRAS, varie-
gated ; ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. in very large quantities.
Roses. &c.
W GROVE, Nurseryman, Hereford, offers
• grand healthy plants free from mildew, of the leading
kinds :— 100 fine Dwails, mcluding six A. K. Williams, 405. to
SOS. ; 50 from zij. Mar^chal Niel, Ct^line l-orestier. Lamarque,
Souvenir de la Malmaison, Gloire de Dijon, A, K Williams, La
Fiance, Baroness, Marie Baumann, &c., 6s. to gs per dozen.
Standards, very fine, from £,^ per ico, i2,j. to 185 per dozen.
Fine Standard Mar^chal NieJ, Celine Fnreslier, Lamarque.
LARCH and ASH, fine. 2 to 6 feet ; Spanish CHESTNUT,
OAK, 2 to 4 feet ; Scotch and Spruce FIR, fine, extra trans-
planted, 2 to 5 feet ; QUICKS, transplanted, from 10s. per 1000.
fcilver FIR, 1% to 3 Jeel; cheap ; FRUIT TREES, &c.
Trade price upon application.
BEECH — BEECH— BEECH.—
100, COO 2 to 3-yr. Seedlmg Beech, splendid stuff and
well rooted, 55. to 7^. dd. per 1000 Orders executed in rotation
Apply to E. WILSON SERPELL (late Pontey), Vinstone
Nurseries, Plymouth.
New Hardy Pemettyas.
LT. DAVIS' LIST of the above for the
• present Season is now ready, and may be had on
application.
Ogle's Grove Nursery, Helensborough, Co. Down.
SEAKALE (SEED).— We have a very fine
Sample of New Seed, just harvested, of the true Fulham
variety. Price per pound or hundredweight on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
PANSIES. — The largest Amateur Pansy
Grower in this country has authorised his Gardener to
sell surplus plants from his stock, which comprises over 400
Exhibition varieties, and which have taken First-class Certificates
and Prizes all over the country. The Pansies will be offered at
prices far below what they can be obtained from nurserymen
for. Particulars on application 10
GARDENER, Messrs. G. Street & Co,, 30, Cornhitl,
London, E.C.
CABBAGE— CABBAGE.— Extra strong and
fine Plants of autumn sown Early Raitiham, Early Enfield
Market, Early Batiersea, and Early Nonpareil, 3J. per 1000 :
Robinson's Champion Drumhead, 3s. per 1000. The above are
well-rooted, and free from club. No better plants can be had.
Post-office Order, or reference from unknown corre span dents.
Free on rail. Samples on application. Appiv,
W. VIRGO. Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford, Surrey.
FRUIT TREES (74 acres).—
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. CHERRIES, PEACHES,
NECTARINES. APRICOTS, &c , as Standards, Dwarfs,
Pyramids, Bu>hes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety.
VINES, excellent canes, 31. 6d. to 10s. 6d. ORCHARD
HOUSE TREES in pots, fiom 51. FIGS, from 3s. ed.
Descriptive LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of
Trees, with directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure,
Pruning, Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under Glass; also infor-
mation as to Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form. Skin, Colour, Flesh,
Flavour, Use Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &c., free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.
To Nurserymen and Planters.
SEEDS and PLANTS
from Ceylon.
PALM SEEDS of different varieties, including Oncosper ma
fasciculata, Caryota nrens, Corvpha umbraculifera, Areca
Catechu. CYCaS CIRCINALIS stems of all sizes. CIN-
CHONA SEEDS of diffcrecit varieties, includinff Ledgeriana.
Also numerous NEW PRODUCT SEEDS and PLANTS,
including Ceara Rubber, Caracas Cocoa, Cardamom robusta.
Forwarded to all parts of the World on most advantageous terms.
Price LIST po>t-rree on application.
J. P. WILLIAM AND BROTHERS, New Product Seed
Depot, Heneratgoda, Ceylon.
ATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and
Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C,
offer : —
100.000 DAFFODILS (Lent Lily), double.
40,cco DAFFODILS (Lent Lily), single.
50,000 NARCISS, Pheasant-eyed.
50,000 NARCISS. Double White, sweet-scented.
25,oooCAMPERNELLE JONQUIL, single.
And a great variety of other sorts of NARCL'^S, HYA-
CINTHS, TULIPS, SNOWDROPS, LILIES (English and
Japanese), &c.
See our Wholesale Bulb CATALOGUE, to be had on appli-
cation. Special quotations for large quantities.
HOLLY for HEDGES.— 12 to isinches, 25X. ;
15 to 18 inches, 35J. ; iS to 24 inches, 505 per 100.
Forest LIST, containing htights and prices of well-grown trans-
planted Quick, Ash, Larch, Spruce, Pines, Oaks, Cover
Plants, &c.. free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
October 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
447
BLOOMS ALL THE WINTER.
DOUBLE PBiatULAS.
WE offer 1500 splendid vigorous plants, in
6o"s, jii-t ready for a shift, of the good old Double White
PRfMULA SINENSIS, iM. per dozen, ^i 151.
per ICO.
BOUVARDIAS, DOUBLE.
ALFRED NEUNER, fine healthy plants,
5 inch pots, coming full o( buds, 12J. per dozen, Ji\
per ICO.
PRESIDENT GARFIELD, ditto, 15^. per
dozen, ^5 per ico.
RUBUS ROS-'EFOLIUS (Bridal Rose), fine
plants, coming into bud, lar. per dozen, ;^3 10 J. per 100.
H. CANNELL. & SONS,
The Home of Flowers, Swanley, Kent.
TO THE TRADE.
ACACIA ARMATA, fine, 75J. and looj. per 100.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, in 48's, 75^. and looj. per los ;
in 32"s, extra fine, £^^ loj. ptr 100.
„ GRACILLIMUM, in 48's, 75J. and looj. per 100.
ERICA HYEMALIS, 91., 151., and i8j. per dozen.
„ CAFFRA, 75J. per 100.
,, GRACILIS, 60J. and 75^. per 100.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, best variety, extra fine, iZs.
per dozen.
LATANIA BORBONICA, fine, dwarf, well characterised
pUnts, 18.1. and iis. per dozen.
ROSE, Ce'line Forestiere, Cheshunt Hybrid, strong, in pots,
i8i. per dozen.
SOLANUMS, berried, 65., 91. and 12J. per dozen.
HUGH LOW & CO.
Cffer ihe above, of good quality.
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.
PASSIFLORA CCERULEA, in 3-inch pots,
3 to 3 feel high. 6^. per dozen, 40J. per 100.
AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, in 3-inch pots,
1 to 2 feel high, 4s. per dozen, 25^. per 100.
HEATH & SON. Exotic Nuraerlea, Cheltenham.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
20,000 PALMS.
including Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Coryphas, Phoenix, Cocos Weddelliana, Caryotas,
&c. ; FERNS, in 48s and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, tor
flowering this season ; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, JASMINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS ;
Tuberous and Foliage BEGO.\'IAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The. Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
kyrri^a/r& See^.
"&,
OUR CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
Our House has for the last two months pre-
sented a splendid show of colour. Is now and
will continue all through the season the finest
and most complete display of this family yet
seen (we shall flower and prove above 500
varieties). Our stock is immense, in all stages
of growth, and should be glad to quote prices
for any sorts or sizes.
See Illustrated CATALOGUE, sent free,
describing correctly all the best in cultivation.
12 Early-flowering Varieties in Bud for 5s.
Will correctly name good specimens sent for
two stamps each variety.
H. CANNELL & SON,
The Home of Flowers, Swanley, Kent,
JOSEPH SPOONER, Woking Station,
'' offers the foilowiDB l-FIRS. Larch, good, 3 to 3S feet ;
PRIVET, Common, 3 to 3K feet ; YtWS. of various heights ;
HOLLIbS, Green, i to s feet; LAURELS, Portugal, i>4 to
2 feet; Common do., 1^ to 3 feet; variegated HlJLI.lES
and QUICK. AM these are good prime MulT. and well rooied. &c.
U T C H B U LBS.
All ArM size and quality. Cash prices.
HYACINTHS, finest named, 41., 51., and 61. per dozen ; ditto,
finest for beds. aJ. td. vtt dozen.
TULIPS, finest named, is. to is. per 100 ; ditto, finest mixed,
double or single, 4^. per 100.
CROCUSES, first size, all kinds to name, iJ. id. per 100.
The CITY SEED and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fencliurch
Street, and 80, St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUr FIBRE REFUSE, TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, &c.
Superior tiiiality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 45. td. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from 51. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from is. per sack.
LOAM. Yellow Fibrous. \s. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best, 11. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, 15. per bushel.
SILVER SAND. Coarse, is. id. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, t)d. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOIH. and ROPE, hom^d. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. yi. per bag ; per truck-
load of about 2 tons, 305.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 41. 6^". p=r bag.
VIRGIN CORK.. 181 per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, Z\. Glengarry Road, East Dulwlch, B.E.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, iSic, of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Light or
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tons, 485.
each SelectedPEAT. 3!, persack. SILVER SANDand LEAF
MOULI), Zd. per bushel. Sacks, id. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAMBERT, Ringwood.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Oichids.
Stove Plants. &c.. £,i is. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 15s. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 55 ; 5 Bags,
21s. 6.f. ; 10 Bags, 4SJ. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
loj. id. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52J. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, {.■i per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 251. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Statjon, Hants.
OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. 3^. each, or
15 sacks, i8j. ; 30 sacks, £ji 5J., sacks included Truck-load,
loose, 331. : fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
lished 1872-J. STEVENS AND CO., " Greyhound " Yard,
and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 45. id. per sack ; 5 sacks for 20s.
„ best black fibrous .. 35. id. per sack : 5 sacks for 15J.
.. extra selected Orchid .. .. y. od, ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous . . .. ^
PREPARED COMPOST, best .. (11. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. .. f included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) . .. ij. 3A per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. lorf. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH , finest imported . . Sd per lb. , 28 lb. 18s.
,, PAPER, finest imported speciality 8(/. per lb.. 28 lb. i8j.
CuCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides, and all Parasites.
To prevent American Blight, alt kinds of Scale, &c., and
for Washing all Hard-wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonials.
*' Coton Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
CameUias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
"aoi. Broad Street. Birmingham, August 15, 1883.
"Dear Sir,— I have lately tried Hudson's t xtract of Soap
for the mildew on my Rose trees in the greenhouse, and I find
th,it with one syringing it compUlely cures it instantly. I should
sav I tried it some lime ago with the same result. Vours truly,
(Signed) "W.JAMES."
SOLD EVERVIVHERE.
BEMAKKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOUL HORTICULTURAL COWIPANY
(JOHN COWAN), hiMiTED,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by them and all Nursctyiticn and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horiicultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
BRONIEMEOAl-1881.
To His
Royal
Highness
the PruiCQ
of
Wales.
For Btautlfnl Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB. ROUND and CO.'s Patknt
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
GUARANTBED Ab.^OLUTELV PoRH. FrEK FROM ANV
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous *' Laguna " Cocoa- Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — 1 must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horliculture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potiing, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALI. SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Bordeting to Flower Beds. Combines ivartnth
and cleanliness iviili valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows :— Sacks.
IJ. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 13J : 15 sacks, i8i. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ;
30 sacks. 3ar. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £,2.
Limited quantities of SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory.— Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, chDBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works. West Ferry Road. Millwall. London. E.
A SPECIALITY.
BEESON'S ROSE, VINE, and PLANT
MANURE.
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all particulars please apply to
W. H. BEESOIf, Carbrook Bone Mills,
SHEFFIELD.
Also GROUND BONES for Vine Borders, Potiing, &c.
Certain Sudden DEATH
to all Grubs, Aphis, Lice, Red Spider, Thrlps. Mealy
Bug, Caterpillars, &c.
Perfectly )to the Hands and Skin, but will cure Ring-
HarmleSS i worm and all Diseases produced by Parasites,
TREE OIL
(SOLUBLE) INSECTICIDE
A combination of Hydrocarbon Oils made Snhible in Water.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that
Infest I^eeS and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the
Foliage. It cures Mildew and Blisht on Fruit or Foliage, and
a weak solution Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c.
Cleans Grapes from Mildew or Mealy Bug without affecting
ihe bloom; and. thickened with a little clay, makes a good
winter dressing. Uestro\s Lice and Fleas on Animals. Sold
by Seedsmen and Chemists, is. td., 2s. dd., 4J. td. a bottle. Per
gallon 12J. erf., or less in larger quantities. Each bottle bears
the Inventor's Trade Mark (a Cat's Head) and full directions
for use. Manufactured by
E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and
Wholesale Druggists.
New York: RULKER and SONS.
UREKA!!! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH. Chemist, Stockbridge.
Edinburgh. The only Insecticide worth using. Once used
alwavs used.
DIRECTIONS. — For Syringing purposes, one part of the
Insecticide to 103 parts of water. For Greenfly on Roses. &c.,
from I to 20, to I to 40 pans. For Thrip and Scale, i to ao
part5. For Bug, i to 15 part=;.
N.B. — Ffrj/ tender plants sJtould be well syringed after
using tlte Insecticide.
In Bottles, is, ss , and 3J. 6d. each. 7s. erf. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
Wholesale Agents — IRELAND and THOMSON. 20,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
448
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REF0SE
^d. per bushel ; loo for 25^ : truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40J ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51 id. per sack ;
5 sacks, 25J ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51 per sack, 5 sacks 22J. ; sacks,
id. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, \s. gd. per bushel ; 151. per half
ton, 26J per ton ; in 2 bushel bags, ^d, each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 81. 6d. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
GISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider.
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparationsintended to supersede it. In Boxes, i5.,3J.,& ios.6d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, bd
and js. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLii
COMPANY (Limited). London.
^oJvX'^^ ^<f'/(.„
»1\0^ 21 01. Foreign, of the foUowlng OJ
V ilzes, In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, '
Sda and 4tlii (inalltles always kept In stock :—
20X18
22x18
24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
AU descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
from
OEOBGE FABMILOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
t^ It Jolin'i Street, West Bmitblleld, London, B.a
14x12
20X12
20X14
20x16
:6xi2
16x14
20x15
22x16
18x12
18x14
18x16
24x16
TEN SILVER
UEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The ROYAL Pottery,
tj Weston-super-mare. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, ij.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, EX.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
izin., 2oin. by i4in., 2010. by 16 in., aoin.byiSin, in t6-03.
and ai-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 2oo-ft. and 300-ft. cases.
Bosher's Garden Edging Tiles.
Ti
■^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
-1- are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited tor KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do *' grown " Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS,
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridots, Balconies. &c ,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies.
I arders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths. &c. Grooved and other Stahle
Pavii'g of great durability. Wall Coijings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety, Slates. Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Buck and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SILVER SAND,
fine or coarse gra-n as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct frcm
Pits to any Railway StaUnns. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLIN I S and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade,
SPECIAL o\-0Z. SHff ^
<^ HOETICTJLTUKAL SIZSS. tf(
'tP
20 Boxes, 20x12 10 Boxes, 20x13 1° Boxes, 20x14
10 ,, 20x15 10 >» 20x16 20 ,, zoxiS
20 ,, 24x18
In 200 feet Boxes, at SJrf. per foot rett for not less than
1000 feet. BOXES FREE.
GEORGE FARMILOE <& SONS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. Jolm's Street, West Smithaeld, London, E.C.
SPECIALLY CHEAP GLASS.
Packing Cases free and not returnable.
100 Squares, gocd Glass, at the following prices, in Leeds : —
15 oz.
13M by 8 for 91. 6d.
12 by 9 for gs 6d.
14 by 10 for 13J, 6d.
15 by o for \v- (>d
HENRY WAINWRIGHT,
'^i% by 8 for I2J 6d.
12 by q for 125. 6d.
14 by 10 for i8.f. od.
15 by 9 for i8i. od.
Glass and Lead MerchaLt,
8 and 10, Alfred Street, Boar Lane, Leeds.
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, RafBa, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.G.
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
T SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
O • STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Mag^nzhte says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon.
LABELS.
WATERPROOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
FISHER, CLARK & CO.,
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
PROTECT YOUR PLANTS
?e
mm DQMo
i;
REGI5TERE
TRADE MARK
From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds.
A perfect Non-conductor of Heat, keeping
Wherever it is applied an even Temperature.
To be had of all Nurserymen and Florists.
Tor price ustaparticuiars Address>
RENJAMINUDGINGTON
13 2 Duke ST Hi /.ondonBk/dbe
Russia Mat niercliants.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9, James
Street. Covent Garden, W.C, can offer a very fii.e parcel
of new ARCHANGEL MATS at a very low price. Immense
stock of PETERSBURG MATS and RAFFIA FIBRE.
U S S I A M A T S",
Archangel, Taganrog, Petersburg, and Dunnage.
SACKS and SEED BAGS. ROPES. LINES and TWINES.
RAFFIA FIBRE.
TOBACCO PAPER, PEAT and SILVER SAND.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. id. per sack
(sacks included). Descriptive CATALOGUE on application.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
140. Commercial Street. London, E.
RCHANGEL and PETERSBURG'MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.- All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS. 4 and 5, Wormwood Street. London, EC.
ORTICULTURE. — SILVER SAND,
6j. per ton ; HEATH PEAT, ^s. per ton ; FOREST
PEAT. 81. and los. per yard ; FOREST LOAM, loi. and las.
per yard. On rail, loose, from 2 tons upwards. Sent to all
parts at lowest rates.
W. SHORT, Hotticultu-al Co., Midhurst, Sussex.— Est. 1862.
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarsa and
fine, on rail at 7^. bd. per ton— not less than 4-ton trucks
Terms cash.— Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate.
Oil Paint No Longer Necessary. "
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Resc'tste-ed Trade Mark)
w^^W^^
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It wa";
introduced upwards of thirty years aeo by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, not with sta.E ding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at \s. 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. ^d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" Pierce^e/d Park, June ii, 1876 — Sirs — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as eood Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — lam, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."
CAUTION. — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use 00 most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they leceive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genume.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c. , sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire;
n8, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.
UNDER SPECIAL BOYAL PATBOSTAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, SHeep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£z i6j. (id., sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAT, SON & HEWITT, la on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,
Iron and Wire Espalier, <Sc., (So.
MATERIAL I WIRING GARDEN WALLS.
GALVANISED.
EYES, ^d. per dozen. HOLDFASTS, with
Winders, 7J. per dozen. WIRE, zj. per ico yards.
Illustrated CA TALOGUE Free on afflication.
BAYLISS, JONES & BATLISS,
VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON;
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London. E.C.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, Tlie Vineyard and
Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS and HOT-WATER APPARATUS MANU-
FACTURERS.
Plans and Estimates free.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. -^d. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 45. 6d. each.
Price List on amplication.
October 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
449
STOVES.
Terra-Cotta ! Portable! For Coal!
BOBEKTS'S PATENT.
Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for
about i(/., without attention. For Greenhouses,
Bedrooms, or almost any purpose. Pamphlet
and authenticated Testimonials sent. In use
daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
:GL:i'ESSHeUSES&«EftTING!^
B.TO»B^WS'Ii
sHIGHCATE ROAD .LONDON.N.W.e >/^
HELLIWEIili'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY
REQ IRIS NO OUTSIDE PAINTING
Adopted by His Royal Highness ihe Prince of Wales.
Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.
Old Roofs Re-glazbd, Old Woodwork Covered.
Flans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire : and
8, Victoria Chambers. Westminster. S.W.
HOETIOULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION. In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS,
COMBINED.
Ml
; I
'sEp*4?-^!EiSa^*'
isjvii^
JAMES BOYD Sc SONS,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS ANU
HEATING ENGINEERS,
PAISLEY.
LONDON OFFICE : 48, PaU Mall, S.W
HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS. MANSIOHS,
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS. HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.
^^^JOHl^ WAEIEE & SOIS,
2SSV*:,i'fi3%?o5Sw,.- Hydraulic and Sanitary Eaglneers, Bell and Brass
B) Special Appointment. Founders, Braziers, and CopperamltliB. By Special Appointment.
<@~-^J°!S»<Bi..;^. Manufacturers of
" '' "" GILBERT'S
Crescent Foundry,
CRIPPLEGATE,
LONDON, E.G.,
and the Foundry Wotks,
WALTON-ON-THE- NAZE,
Esses.
Patent Eandlights
and Improved Regis-
tered and Patent
Handlights and Re-
spirators.
First Prize Silver Medals awarded to yohn
Warner &= Sans, by tlu Royal Horticmtural
Society, at tlieir Exiubitions in London^ ^^y,
1881 and 1883, for Garden Engines, ^c.
f. W. &• Sons' Horticultural List, and Win I,
n'ater,Steavt, Horse, and Manual Power Pump-
inS Machinery Catalogues, on application.
FOSTEE & PEAESOI, BEESTOI, lOTTS.
LLI
<
FROM THB
"GARDENERS
CHRONICLE."
W. H. LASCELLES <& CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDER
, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, E.G.
W. H. LASCELLES AND CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
aiid send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at isi, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G.
Illustrated Lists ot Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories^ and Concrete Slabs foi walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on apphcation.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant GrowinE, and every one wiih a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn ri^ht over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and pairited ; —
6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free, itt I5 o
12 feet long, 4 teet wide, „ „ ,, 4 15 o
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ ., 3 <5 o
12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 6 10 o
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
B. HAIiLIDAY & CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.
DEANE
CONSFRVMnRiPS
& CO.'S
^ GRFFNHnilSES.
:^fc«Bi^:.
The prices given inclucie ERECIING CCKMPLETE, with
all necessary brickwork, &c., within fifteen miles of London.
SPAN ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size 15ft. bygfl. .. 20ft. by 12ft. .. 25ft. by 15ft.
Price . . ^30 . . JC42 lo-f- • ■ -^58-
LEAN-TO GBEENHOUSE.
Size.. loft. by 6ft. laft. by 8ft. isfi. by lofl. 20ft. by 12ft.
Price. £,\9 10^. .^23 lo^- ^^^9 loj. £,^o.
Proportionate prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimatesfor Conservatories free.
THE LOUGHBOROUGH hI)T WATER APPARATUS,
jC4 4J.— The simplest, cheapest, and most powerful, requiring no
Brick Setting, and no Hot-water Fitter for fixing. LIhTS free.
DEANE &
(t^-^'^'-t^). LONDON
CO.,
BRIDGE.
CABSQN'S PAINT.
Patronised by
HER MAJESTY,
HIS ROVAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,
15,000 OF THH Nobility, Gentry, and Clbrgv.
Is extCDsively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON BY UNSKILLHD LABOUR.
I Cw/., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.
O ARSON S,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON. E.C. ;
BACHELORS WALK. DUBLIN ;
and 55. ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Cash.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
100 yards for loj., delivered at Burnley Station; or 85>ards
for loi., ('.elivered free per Parcels Post. Very useful pure Cotton
for Curtains, Blinds. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood MUls, Burnley.
450
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Line charged as ttuo.
4 Lines
£0
3 0
15 Lines
..£08
6 „
0
^ 6
16
6 „
0
4 0
37
..09
7 „
0
4 6
18
.. 0 10
8 .,
0
5 0
19
.. 0 10
9 „
0
•; b
20
10 „
0
6 0
Kl
.. 0 II
11 „
0
6 6
22
12 „
0
7 0
23
.. 0 12
13 „
0
7 6
24
.. 0 13
14 „
0
K 0
25
.. 0 13
AND SIXPENCB FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL
LINE,
If se
across col
Limns, the lowest
charge will be ■\os.
Page
..
Half Page
0
Column
3 5
0
GARDENERS, and OTHERS, WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words \s. 6d., and f>d. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BH PREPAID.
IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
agahist having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices^ as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the autftorities and
ret-ur7ied to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5^. each insertion.
Advertisements for tJte current -week must reach the Office
by Thursday Tioon.
All Subscriptions payable In advance.
The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £x. 35, lorf. ; 6 Months,
iij. i\d. ; 3 Months, 6i.
Foreign (exceptinjr India and China); including Postage,
£,\ 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, £1 8s. id.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C., to W. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements.
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
TOBACCO PAPER (Roll), CLOTH and
CORD. — Excellent quality ; unique value.
LINDSAY AND CO., Tobacconists, Leith Walk, Edinburgh.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street. Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ^200,000. — Reserve Fund, ^£75,000.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from £10 to
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alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
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All communications strictly private. State amount required.
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Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
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(Established 1867.)
Accidents !— 64. Comhlll.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
EAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, j^ 1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;^25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
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paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
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WILLIAM J. VIAN. Secretary.
TJ. and J, SMITH'S DIARIES for 1884.
• Every variety of size, style, and binding, can now be
obtained at all Booksellers and Stalioners. Special attention
is called to new series of Illuminated IndellJble Diaries for 1884.
London : T. J. and J. SMITH. SON, and CO., 83. Queen
Street, Cheapside. E.C.
Farms, Estates, Residences.
Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the
MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on staling the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed '* Midland Counties
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always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.
REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are ; — A. Allard
E. Andre', C. Baltet, T. Buchetet, F. Burvenich, F. Ci6pin,
Comte de Gomer. De Jonge van EUemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denlerghem. P. E. de Puydt, C. de Vis. J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, B. Pynaen, E. Rodigas. A Siraux. O,
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J, van Hulle, J. van Volxem
H. J. Veitch, A. We^tniael, and P. Wolkenstein.
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The Sydney Mail
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Street. E.C.
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Place.
^g" Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers.
Works for the Possessors of Gardens.
IGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all
Vegetables. By William Earley. Author of " How to Grow
Mushrooms," "How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c Crown
8vo, with Coloured Frontis ca. Price 4,1. ta.
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COM-
PANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A com-
plete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of
every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price ^s.
ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-
DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition. Price ii.
HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS.
By William Earlev. Price \s. stitched.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS.
A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earley. Price \s. stitched.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW AND CO., Bouverie
Street, E.C.
PAXTON'S CALENDAR.
H
Now ready ^ a Reznsed Edition of tJu
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.
Originally Compiled by the late Sir Joseph Paxton, M.P.
Price yl.. Post Free -i^d.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STRKKT, STRAND,
Belgian.
BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, withsuperb Coloured
Plates and illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. BuRVH-
NicH, F. Pavnaert, _E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hullb,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
ment at Ghent. Post-paid, lor. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanica Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
I.S A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.
EDITED BY DE. P. EL HEXAMER,
To any one who owns a Flower- Pot, a Garden, or a Farnif
It Is Indispensable,
because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It Is Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors are all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.
It la always Seasonable,
b-cause it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.
It Is Glean and Pure,
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums,
In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.
Subscription Price, 5J-, fer year., including foreigfi
postage. Sample Copy Free, Kemii by Post-office Order
on New-York or Londoii.
B. K. BLISS & SONS, Publishers,
34, BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
BRYANT
MAY'S
lATCHES
TN ANSWER to NUMEROUS APPLI-
-1- CATIONS. I have to announce that I have ENGAGED
a GARDENER for the Preston Pleasure Gardens. Testi-
monials enclosed by applicants shall be returned, — T. M.
SHUTTLEWORTH. Preston. October 3. iSSy
WANTED, a steady, experienced GAR-
DENER, who understands Cows ; Wife to take charge
of Dairy and Poultry- Under Gardener kept. Good house and
garden. —Address, by letter only, Rev. H., Abinger Rectory,
Dorking.
Gardener Wanted.
WANTED, a GARDENER; married, no
children. Must thoroughly understand his business.
State wages required. — Address, Rev. E. F., Amesbury House,
Bickley, Kent.
NURSERY MANAGING FOREMAN.—
There is now a VACANCY for a really superior MAN.
None others need apply. — Send all particulars to HORTUS,
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C,
OCTODKR 6, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
451
Nursery Trade.
WANTED, a first-class HKAD FORE-
MAN, for a large Nuisery. To a ihoroughly practical,
eflicienl, and capable man, every encouragement will be given.
—Address, ii. own handwriting, stating aee, experience, s;ilary
expected, and reference^ N UKSEKY FOREMAN, Mr. Goad,
34, Camomile Stieet, London, E.C.
WANTED, AT ONCE, an active intelligent
MAN, on a Fruit and Hop Farm in the West cif Eiig-
land, to make himself generally useful, cliielly in Nursery
Work and Gathering Fiuit, &c. Must be able to Bud and
Graft, and undtrstand Pruning, Training, and Planting Fruit
Trees. CoU:tge found. — Apply by letter only, stating references
and wages required, to X. M., Gardentrs* Chronicle OlVice, 41,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
WANTED, a thoroughly respectable MAN
(a Gardener) and his WIFE, to occupy a cottage
attached to a Public Institution — the former to attend to the
Garden and make himself useful.— Apply to the SECRETARY,
British Asylum, 27, Red Lion Square, W.C, between 11 and
2 o'clock.
WANTED, a steady, industrious MAN, for
the Houses — Preference given to one from a good
Market Nursery. — State reference, wages expected, &c., to
J. BRYSON, Parkend Nunsery, Helensburgh, N.B.
WANTED, an intelligent YOUTH, used to
Ferns and Foli.ige Plants — Apply any morning before
10 o'Clt.ck, at ROBERT GREEN 3 Floral Establishment,
Crawford Street, Bryanstone Square, W.
A^N T ED, a "WAREHOUSEMAN.
Must be thoioiighly experienced, and well able to take
entire cllarae, pack o.ders, &c. Also a WAREHOUSE
PORTER WANTED.- HV. CLARKE and SONS, 39, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
WANTED, a CARPENTER, thoroughly
compelent to undertake the Erection of Horticultural
Houses for Market purposes. Preference will be given to one
who understands the Management of a Circular Saw and
Planing Mai:hinc. Terms 305. per week. — HORTUS, SuLton,
Stationer, West Street. Fateham, Hants,
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to i;UBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be ?itade payable at
DRURY LANE.
RB. LAIRD AND SONS (successors to the
• late Firm of DcwNia & Lairl) can at present recom-
mend with every confidence several first-raie SCOTCH GAR-
DENERS, whose character and abilities maybe thoroughly de-
pended upon, either for Large Establishments or Single-handed
Situations; also FOREMEN, UNDER GARDENERS, and
FARM BAILIFFS.— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — HoUowav, N
HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), 1 imited, Garston, wibh to
inform any Nobleman or (Gentleman who may be in want of a
first-rate man as GARDENER, or GARDENER and
BAILIFF, that ihey are at present in a position to recommend
an exceptionally good man.
I C H ARD SMITH and C O.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
To Gentlemen.
MANAGER. — Twenty years' experience ; to
Grow for Market extensively. Grapes, Peaches.
Tomatos, Cucumbers, and Plants for C'ut Flowers. Highest
references. — A. S., 17, Water Lane, Watford.
RCHID GROWER, or HEAD WORK-
ING GARDENER. — Age 30, single; thoroughly
skilled in the Cultivation of Orchids, also Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, having had thirteen years' practical experience in the
profession. — W. MAY, 22, Great Quebec Street, Montague
Square, W.
ARDENER (Head),— Thoroughly com-
peitnt ; good Gr;)pe Grower ; nearly four years in present
situatitan.— H. T(.)M LINSON. Four Ashes. Bridgnorth.
C:i ARDENER (HeadX — Mrs. Barwicke
^ Baker, Hardwicke Court, Gloucester, would be pleased
to recommend a Gardener with long and excellent character, and
many years' practical experience in all branches of the profession.
GARDENER (Head), where two or three
are kept. — Age 28, married when suited ; fourteen years'
practical experience ia all branches. Good references. —
GARDENER, Standen Manor, Hungerford, Berks.
/ :i ARDENER (Head). — Mr. Lyon, Gar-
V-J dener to the Rt. Hon. Viscountess Ossington, will have
pleasure in recommending his Foreman to any Lady or Gentle-
man requiring the services of a thorough good Gardener. Full
particulars on application.— Ossington Gardens, Newark, Notts.
ARDENER (Head).— Wm. Alexander,
for nearly five years Gardener to Sir Hugh Dalrymple,
Bart., Luchie, leaves in October, and is desirous of securing
another situation in the above capacity.— WM. ALEXANDER,
Luchie Gardens, North Berwick, East Lothian.
GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— A Gentle-
MAN wishes to recommend as Head Gardener his Fore-
man, who has been with him in [that capacity live years. He
is thoroughly experienced in all branches of horticvilture,
steady, industrious and trustworthy.— Col. H., Suubury Court,
Sunbury-oa-Thames.
r:j.ARI)ENER (Head).— The Advertiser is
V-J open to an engagement with any Nobleman or Gentle-
man. Thoroughly priictical in all branches of Gardening :
understands the Erection of Glasshouses, and best sy^teln of
He.iting. Was sixteen years with E. Wilde, Esq., Lulworih
C;istle, and left through his death.— T. H., Messrs. Cooling &
Son, Nurserymen, ilath.
Y:' ARDENER (Head).— A Lady wishes to
VJ recommend her Heatl Gardener (who is leaving owing
to ihe death of late employer) to any Lady or Gentleman
requiring a man thoroughly efficient in every branch, likewise
Land and Stock. Eight years in present situation. Especially
successful in Vine and Pot Culture.— J. BECK, Old Road,
Lee, Kent.
GARDENER (Head).— Mr. Henderson,
late Gardener of Coleorton Hall for forty- four years,
would be very pleased to recommend a good practical man as
Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the service of
such, who has had good experience in Gardening in all its
branches, and can produce g jod characters from first-cla^s
places.— For further particulais apply to Mr. M. HENDER-
SON, I, Loudown Villas, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,
married, no family ; thoroughly understands his work.
Good character. — G. MEACHEM, Elsnore. near Gloucester.
r::j.ARDENER (Head Working), where two
>— * or more are kept. — Age 37, married ; thoroughly com-
petent in all branches. Twen'y years' experience. Good re-
commendation.— A. X., Abbott's, 40, Eastcheap, E.C.
GARDENER (Head Working),— Age 29,
married ; fifteen years' practical experience in all
branches. Wife fir.st-class Dairy Woman, and would take
Charge of Poultry. First-class references — Apply, stating
terms, &c., ALPHA B , 22, North Place, Cheltenham
ARDENER (Head, Working),— Age 38,
married, two children ; understands Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Good character. — E. C, 2, Flexton Terrace, Rye
Conmion, Herts.
GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 29,—
E. Clarke, Gardens, Cannon Hall, Barnsley. can with
confidence recommend his Foreman, fohn Street, to any one
wanting a Man well up in Fruit and Plant Growing in quantity.
Two years in present situation. — Apply as above.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 43,
married; nearly thirty years* experience in all branches
of Gardening, Early and Late Forcing, Plantation Woik. Ten
years' excellent character from last situation. — C. C, North
Wilt? Nursery, Swindon.
GARDENER (Head Working), where
three or more are kept. — Age 28, married, one child.— J.
Smith, late Gardener to the Countess of Norbury, desires re-
engagement as above. Understands his work ; also Manage-
ment of Grass Land and Cows. — Ventnor Villa, East Road,
Kingston-on-Thames.
GARDENER (He.ad Working).— Married.
Thoroughly compelent and trustworthy. Nineteen
years' experience in good Gentlemen's and Nurserymen's
establishments. First-class Testimonials, &c. Yorkshire, East
Riding, preferred.— JAMES VINCE, Foreman, Clark Brothers
& Co., Nurserymen, Carlisle.
GARDENER, where more are kept. — Four-
teen years' experience in all branches. Good character
from present situation.— G. C. , Cricket Hill, near Blackwater,
Hants.
(^ARDENER.— Age 25; eight years' Gar-
V_T dener to the late Mr. J. R, Scott, of Walthamstow.
Understands Orchids. Good references. — B. SHIP, Mrs.
Scott, The Drive, Walthamstow.
G< ARDENER,— Could take the Management
' of Laying-out a New Estate ; experience and practical
knowledge of Planting the best kinds of Fruits, Shrubs, and
Trees, &c. Good reference. — T. M., Hutton Grove Nursery,
North Finchley, N.W.
GARDENER (SECOND), in the garden,
under the Foreman. — Age 27, married, two children ; four
and a half years' good character from last place. — J. CHEAL
AND SONS, Lowfield Nursery, Crawley, Sussex.
ARDENER (Under).— Age 29; good
character. Total abstainer. — W. P., Warninglid, Hay-
ward's Heath, Sussex.
FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
establishment. — Age 24 ; has had ten years' experience.
Total abstainer. Good character.— JOHN YULL, J. Yull,
The Nursery, Briston, Dereham, Norfolk.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age
26; twelve years' experience. Can be highly recom-
mended. Bothy preferred. Please state wages. — W. H,,
Rose Cottage, Limpfield Road, Isieworth, Middlesex.
FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a Nobleman's
or Gentleman's establishment. — Age 24 ; seven and a
half years' experience. Good character from past and present
situation. — G. WING, Dunchurch, Rugby.
FOREMAN, where several are kept.^Age 22 ;
well up in General Work, Forcing, and Kitchen Garden
Management. Excellentreference.— WILLIAM JEFFERIES,
The Gardens, Barrow Point. Pinner.
To Head Gardeners.
FOREMAN, in the Houses, m a good estab-
lishment.— Age 37, single ; practically experienced in the
Cultivation of Fruit, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
&c. 1 hree and a half years in present situation, three in
previous. Thoroughly recommended. — C. CAMP, The
Gardens, Winslade, Exeter.
OREMAN, or GENERAL PROPA-
GATOR. — !Age 38, married ; twenty-six years' experi-
ence. Good Salesman. First-class hand. Wreaths. &c. Total
abstainer. Good reference. — W. E. IVEY, Terrace Green
Lane, Heaton Norris.
G
KITCHEN GARDENER or PLEASURE-
GROUND MAN,— Age 35; seven yearj.' experience.
Can be well recommended by paM and present employers.—
G. DENNY, The Gardens, Arnot Hill, Arnold, Nolls,
PROPAGATOR,— Age 24 ; has a good know-
ledge of Stove and Greenhouse Propagation, also Fern
Raising and Growing. Good references. — E, WARDEN,
Messrs. Gregory & Evans, Sidcup. Kent.
PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Nine
years' experience in leading Nurseries. Well up in
Roses, Clematis, Conifera:, and Soft and Hard-wood generally.
Good references. — J. G. LLOYD, Gardener's House, Brook-
wood Asylum, Woking.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
'* establishment — Age 23: good references from present
and previous employers. — S. C. , The Gardens, The Hermitage,
Higham, Kent.
TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden,
J- under a Foreman. — Age 18 ; good reference. Bothy pre-
ferred.—B. KENT, Minstead, Lyndhurst, Hants.
IMPROVER, in the Houses, under the Fore-
man.— Age 18 ; two years' good character. Bothy pre-
ferred.-W. F. BYE, Coxwell Street, Farringdon, Berks.
T~ O GENTLEMEN and GROWERS for
MARKET. — Mr. W CALEcan recommend a thoroughly
competent man of many years' experience to Manage a Large
Place, and Grow for Market, Fruit, Tomatos, Cucumbers,
Orchids, and Plants for Cut Flowers, &c.— 4, Tavistock Row,
Covent Garden, W.C.
TO NURSERYMEN, MARKET
GROWERS, &c— Wanted, a situation under glass.
Greenhouse Culture preferred. Good Plantsman ; six and a
half years' good character. Age 25.— A, B., 17, East Street,
Balby, Doncaster, Yorks.
To NURSERYMEN,— A young man (age
19), wants a situation in a Nursery under a Propagator,
or in the Greenhouses, Good references Been with his lather
the last six years.— H. DEADM AN, Nurseryman, Gladstone
Road, New Wimbledon.
To NURSERYMEN.— Wanted by a youth
(age 19I, a situation in a Nursery. Understands the
Pot Plant, Cut Flower, and has a slight knowledge of the Seed
Trade.— W., Westlake Nursery, Spring Grove, Isieworth, W.
TO THE SEED TRADE.— A respectable
young man, with a little knowledge of the business,
desirous of improving himself, wishes for an engagement. Is
active, willing, and fairly well acquainted with plants.— A. B. C,
Mr. Richard Dean, Ranelagh Road, Ealing, W.
To GARDENERS. — Wanted, by a lad
fage 17), a situation in a Private Garden. Three years'
experience. Good references. Town or country. — B. E. , G.
Bowyer, 124, Plimsoll Road. Highbury Vale, London, N.
MANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN;
married. — The Advertiser is open for a re-engagement
as above, in a good Provincial Town. Has a thorough know-
ledge of the Seed Trade in all branches. Understands Book-
keeping. First-class reCerences. Ten years in last situation. —
J. C. B., Gardciurs Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand. W.C.
To Nurserymen and Seedsmeit.
SHOPMAN (HEAD), MANAGER, or
TRAVELLER.— Many years' experience of Wholesale
and Retail. Highly recommended.— ALPHA, 108, Lancefield
Street, Harrow Road, W.
To the Nursery, Florist, and Seed Trade
SHOPMAN (Head, or Second), or to MAN-
AGE a Branch Establishment. — Nine years* experience
of the Trade. Cood references, — A. W., Garde7iers' ChronicU
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C.
SHOPMAN (Head), or position of Trust-
Age 38; five years' experience in London trade. Fiist-
class reierences, — B X , Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 4t, Wel-
lington Street, Strand, W.C.
QHOPMAN (Head), or SECOND in a good
>^J House. — Age 23; eight years' experience. Highly recom-
mended.—A. B.,354, Fairfield Terrace, York Road, Wandsworth,
London, S.W.
SH OPMAN or SALESMAN; many years'
experience in the Seed, Floral, and Decorative Trades.
Good address. Salary moderate. — ALPHA, 15, London Street,
Pad ding ton. W.
To the Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN (Under).— Young man wants a
situation. Has been five and a half years at the trade.
Well recommended. — G. C. N., Jas. Young, Seedsman,
Brechin, N.B.
No Medicine for the Cure of Asthma, Consumption,
COUGHS and BRONCHITIS was ever attended with
such speedy and unfailing success as
DR, LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS.
In every periodical may be seen testimonials of their
wonderful efficacy. Nothing else gives such a sound refreshing
night's rest. In Hysterical and Heart complaints they are
unfailing, and in Rheumatic and Nervous Pains " they act like
a charm." They taste pleasantly. Sold at \s. i^d. and %s. gd.
per box, by all Druggists.
OLLOWAY'S PILLS and OINTMENT.
— Dyspepsia, Jaundice.- These complaints are the
results of a disordered liver, which secretes bile in quality or
quantity unsuitable for digestion, which requires a free flow of
healthy bile, to insure which Holloway's Pills and Ointment
have long been famous, far eclipsing all other remedies.. Un-
suitable food, irregularity of living, unhealthy climates, and other
causes are constantly throwing the liver into disorder, but that
important organ can, under al! circumstances, soon be regulated
and healthily adjusted by Holloway's Pills and Ointment, which
act directly upon its secreting cells. The Ointment rubbed on
the skin penetrates immediately to the liver, whose tissues it
rectifies. One trial is all that is needed ; a cure will soon follow.
452
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 6, 1883.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposesi
Illustrated CATALOGUE, lA^th edition, price is.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
S. OWENS & CO.,
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS,
WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.C.
THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.
This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.
No. 37. DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.
No. 63. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or
Steam Power. r,-, j o
[Gardens, &c.
No. 463. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 492. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. 50 and 54<z. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.
No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.
No. 54*. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the
Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.
No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.
No. 393. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for
Garden use.
S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, B.4THS. DRYING CLOSETS, GASWORKS. Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &o., &c. Particulars taken in any fart of the Country. Plans and Estimates Juniished.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.
HOT-WATER
SEASON,
18 8 3
STKVEN BROS. & CO.
Have the largest and best stock of Hot-Water Appliances in London. Boilers of every description, Pipes, Connections, Furnace Fittings,
Greenhouse Gearing-, and all requisites for the Heating of Conservatories and Hothouses. No. 52.-Stai Boiler.
No. 43.- Dome-Top Boiler.
Coll Cases.
A very economical boiler.
No. 28.-Termliial End
EoUer.
No. l8.-Gold Medal
Boiler.
Ilbistrated PRICE LIST (loih Edition) Free on application.
Steven Bros. & Co. {'"°waui?Engtoe«°°*1,35&36, Upper Thames Street, E.C. w.t^^nded Feeder.
Fo2irth Edition. Price is.
ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS.
By rev. O. fisher.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW. & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covcnt Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bhadbuey, Agnkw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richakds. at the Office, 41, Wellington Sueet, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, October 6, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Hbywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Ediabuigh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
estabUsijetJ 1841.
No. 511.— Vol. XX. {ser,!}
SATURDAY. OCTOBER 13, 1883.
f Registered at the General ] Price 6d.
I Post-olfice as a Newspaper, j" POST-FREE, sj</.
CONTENTS.
Abutilons, hybrid
470
Masdevallia infracta
4<io
,. racemosa ..
Affurestation in IrKlaud
472
Melons and Cucumbers. .
Anemone?, gaidcu
472
Mountain Ash berries,
Apple ihow at Chib-
how to preserve
Narcissus bulbocodium. .
P steri.
46,
Nepenthes bicalcarala ..
Hird-^and Peirs ..
470
,, seedling
Bombax pentaiidtum
47'
New garden plants
Hotany. aericultural
47»
Nicotiana afhnis . .
Hroclchursl, notes from . .
460
Obituary ..
Campanula hederacea . .
471
Orchid notes and glean-
.. Van Houtlei
473
ings
Coffee-leaf disease, the .
Orchids at Silverdale
Crocus f.pecio&us and Col-
Lodge ..
chit urn speciosum
ATi
., listofearden
Dahlias. Lt'dding..
47!
Peaches and Nectarines .
,, in October . .
4^8
Pinehtm Bri/atinicnm,
Daisies, Michaelmas
47J
ciimpletionof the
Dogmerhtitll Park
461
Planting under trees
Ediiiburgh notes. .
462
Plants and their culture .
Erigeron miicronata
47-
Pomological nomencla-
Events of the week
468
ture
Feins. Japanese ..
460
Pomology, the future of .
Forestry ..
47J
Primula obconica
Fruii trees on poor toils
460
Primulas, Indian
Cnzania longiscapa
47'
Prunus Pissardi ..
Harvest festival flowers .
470
Pterocarya cauc islca . .
Hop condition
472
Rhubarbs, hybrid
Iron 7' shade in efft-ct'ii g
Rosps. new
a shade of colour in
Setd crops the . .
H>diangeas ..
472
Seed-vessels of Austra-
Ixora DufTii
lian trees
Kitchen garden, the
406
Shelters and windguards
Larch tree struck by lighi-
Shrubs, forcing ..
Linnsens, Nuttall and
Gray
Maiket Gardeners', Nur-
serymen's, ind farmers'
Associatiou
Societies :
Royal Horticultuial .,
Woolhope fungus foray
, Trees, moving large
I Vanda Sanderiana
Weather .,
460
4-6
467
472
460
472
<72
460
460
477
466
466
477
467
470
4'7
470
47"
46J
46J
47"
472
459
402
468
464
472
468
475
475
475
466
477
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Australian Eucalyptp, Seed-vessels of .. .. 464,465
Chestnut Tretr, a l.irge, moved bv Mr. Baines .. .. 469
Japanese Ferns : Davallia Maiiesii 461
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
—NATIONAL APPLE CONGRESS and GREAT
EXHIBITION of APPLES in the Conservatory and Houses of
the Society, at their Gardens, Chiswick, W. , from OCTOBER 4
to i3. inclusive. Open from 10 A M.
Admission td., and by Fellows' Orders. Entrance opposite
Turnham Green Church. Trains from all Metropolitan and
District Stations to Turnham Green. Acton Green, or Gunners-
bury, W. — all near the Gardens.
L"lVERPOOL HORTICULTURAirASSO-
CIATION'S CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW will be
held in St. George's Hall, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY,
November 27 and 28 next, when will be offered the following
Prize, open to all England-a TEN GUINEA SILVER CUP
for the best collection of 36 Cut Chrysanthemum blooms, 18
incurved and 18 Japanese, distinct varieties; also upwards of
ONE HUNDRED and SEVENTY POUNDS in PRIZES
for Stove and Greenhouse Plant"^, Orchids, Ferns, also Fruit in
collections, and single dishes of Pines. Grapes, Pears, Apples,
&c. Entries close November 21. For Schedules and further
'°;rUllet"IL"^ Liverpool. JOSEPH GORE, Secretary.
Special Culture of
FRUIT TREES and ROSES.— A large and
select stock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The De<Ciiptive CATALOGUE of Roses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth. Herts.
Deutzla gracilis.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
Orchids, Bulba. Lilies.
THE NEW PLANT and BULB COM-
PANY. Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64, containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer GLADIOLI SPIKES. HERBACEOUS
PLANTS, PYRETHRUMS. single and double: PHLOXES
and TEA ROSES. CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA
SEED and PLANTS.
PALM S. — For Sale, cheap, four healthy
Plants of Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica, Cala-
mus asperrinius, and a Kentia. all about 7 feet hieh.
E. CLARKE, CommonHall, Barnsley, Ymks^
SURPLUS STOCK.— Handsome and Choice
Evergreen and Deciduous TREES for Avenues. Parks,
Gardens. Streets, &c. Very good and cheap. LIST free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Roses,
Fruit Trees. Rhododendrons. Deciduous and Ever-
green Trees and Shrubs, Forest Tiees, Azaleas, Camellias,
Grape Vines, &c., tree by p^st.
H. LANE AND SON, Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Herts.
ICOTEES, CARNATIONS, CLOVES,
&c— My Annual Autumn CATALOGUE is now ready,
and contains all the best of the above families, and in addition
Collections of ROSES. TREE CARNATIONS, CLIMBING
PLANTS, PEONIES. SHRUBS, PINKS, &c.
TH03. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
Until tbe stock is Exhausted.
CHARLES NOBLE will supply the finest
forcing clumps of crowns ever offered of : —
SPIR/^"^ PALMATA, at 15s. and 20J. per 100.
., JAPONICA, I2J. id. per 100.
Orders with cash or reference should be sent at once — Bagshnt.
Hyacinths. Tulips, Narcissus. Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, Hillegoni. near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best qualitv at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of tesiimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application,
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen, Worcester.
REEFERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plantF, being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Tea Roses-Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
HEASANT-EYED NARCISSUS.— Bulbs
of this sweet-scented Narcissus los. per bushel, 6j. per
% bushel, 31. (>d. per peck. Special offer for quantities over
5 bushels. Cash with order. Package free.
W. R. ALDERSON, Bell Farm. Hersham, Surrey.
New Cataloffues.
CHARLES TURNER'S New Descriptive
CATALOGUES for the season are now ready, com-
prising Roses, Fruit Trees, and all kinds of Hardy Trees and
Shrubs ; also Carnations, Picotees, Auriculas, and other
Florist Flowers, Bulbs, &c.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
REVILLEA ROBUSTA in thumbs, for
pottinE on, five to six leaves, i6f. per loo, cash ; is, per
100 for packing.
H. MARSHALL, Bamham, Bognor,
Apple- Peasgood's Nonsuch.
WAND J. BROWN offer Maidens,
• Standards, Pyramids, and Trained, of this grand
Apple, which was sent out by them. Prices, low, on application.
The Nurseries, Stamford.
To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.
ACATTANEO, Commission Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden.
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.
M^^^SSRS. SQUELCH AND BARNHAM"
Fruit and Flower Salbsmbn, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
ANTED, some good Plants of Double
Scarlet GERANIUMS— Wonderful or others. State
price per hundred or dozen to
M. L., Redland's Farm, Emsworth.
Lavender Plants
WANTED,English LAVENDER PLANTS
(Lavendula vera). Send price per loco, and Sample,
AT ONCE, to
ALFRED WELLS, Byfleel, Weybridge.
WANTED, English OAKS, 4 to 5 and 5 to
6 feet : HAZEL, 3 to 4 feet ; ASH, 3 to 4 and 4 to 5
feet. AH transplanted and clean erown.
THOS. PERKINS and SONS. 34, Drapery, Northampton.
Notice to Senders.
WANTED, PEACHES, PINES, NEC-
TARINES, GRAPES, TOMATOS, MARIE
LOUISE PF.ARS, &c. Also Marechal Niel and other
ROSES: STEPHANOTIS, TUBEROSES, EUCHARIS,
GARDENIAS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, W.C.
CRANSTON'S Descriptive CATALOGUES
of Fruit and FOREST TREES, SHRUBS, &c , are
now ready, and may be had free on application
CRANSTON'S NURSERY anu SEED COMPANY
(Limited), King's Acre, Hereford.
Potatos Wanted.
WANTED TO PURCHASE. BEAUTY
of HEBRON, READING HERO, and WHITE
ELEPHANT. State quantity and price for Cash.
BRINKWORTH and SONS, Royal Berkshire Potato
Establishment, Reading.
To the Trade.
HENRY ROCK has to offer Standard
ROSES, dwarf Gloire de Dijun. very fiLc, Also
GOOSEBERRIES, 3-yr. Cabh price on application. Addieas
Kemberton, Shidial, Salop.
OSES ON O^W N RO O T S.—
Best varieties, Red Gloire de Dijon, Baroness Roths-
child, &c., from open ground. Strong plants, free by Parcels
Post, four for 7.S td. , or 71. per dozen tree.
MAIRIS AND CO., Weston- in -Gordano, Bristol.
ROSE STOCKS.— Seedling Briers, the Dog
Rose, nt.\t summer, fit for budding, very cheap. Price
and s.imple on applicaiion.
SCHARMFR andMULLER, Pinneberg, Hamburg.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from 12J. to i\s. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
pHOlCE FLOWERS for WINTER. —
VV TREE CARNATIONS. Gloire de Nancy, La Belle,
A. Allegatiere, and other fine kinds, strong plants, 40.J. per 100.
BOUVARDIAS, fine plants, with 15 to 30 shoots, best market
sorts, including AKred Neuner, 40*. per ico.
W JACKSON, Blakedown. near Kidderminster.
A Q U I L E G I A GLANDULOSA
-t\. (GRIGOR'S, guaranteed true).
Twelve Plants of this beautiful Columbine, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kingdom, at 6j. per
dozen. Cash with order.
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres, N.B.
Specimen Hybrid Bhododendrona.
RB. LAIRD AND SONS (Successors to
• the late Firm of Downie & Laird), have for disposal a
few extra fine specimens of the above in tubs, and well set with
buds. A LIST of the sorts, with heights, will be sent on
application.
Royal Winter Garden, Edinburgh.
ORCHIDS for SALE.— A Gentleman, chang-
ing his residence, offers his collections of cool ORCHIDS
and PHAI /ENOPSIS cheap. Many fine specimens and varie-
ties.—G. HARMAN, Lytham Villa, Croydon Road, Penge, S.E.
Pl<ru'N~U~S P I S S A R D~I
The black-foliaged Mirabel.
Extra vigorous, i-yr. grafts, 4 to 6 feet high, per dozen, 33^.
to 40J. according to strengih.
ED. PYNaERT, Ghent, Belgium,
C~"aMELLIA TREES. — Twelve for sale.
Too large for a small conservatory. Six white, six red,
in boxes 20 inches square. Average 5 to 6 feet high, 5 feet
broad. Healthy and well budded. Address,
The GARDENER, Rossway, Berkhampstead, Herts.
BERMUDA EASTER LILY (Lilium longi-
florum Harisii). — Having ordered direct a large quantity
of the best procurable bulbs from America, we are enabled to
offer the true variety at the low price of ts. 6d. each. More
than forty beautiful pure white trumpet-shaped flowers have
been produced from a single bulb. For further description of
this valuable acquisition, see Bulb LIST, free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and Nursery-
men, Worcester.
FOR SALE, for want of room, six large
white AZALEA INDICA, well set for bloom; also extra-
fine Maidenhair FERNS, in 24 and 32-size pots. Price on
application. Clapham Road Nursery, S W.
ARNATION, "MARY MORRIS."
Plants now ready for delivery.
Firstclass Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
1882. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, of
great si2e, very full, and of perfect shape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardeners' Chronicle, August 4, 1883, page 146.
Price and all oarticulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street. Drury Lane, W.C.
TRAWBERRY RUNNERS. — All the
leadine kinds, ar. per loo. Cash with order.
JOHN SCOTT, Royal Nurseries, Mertiott, Somerset.
TRAWBERRIES— Next Summer, by
planting now : capital roots, 4^. per 100 ; (>d. extra per ico
for delivery by Parcels Post. In a Few Months, by forcing :
plants in pots. i6j. per 100. Only ihe best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application. — RICHARD SMITH and
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
To the Trade.
CUCUMBER SEEDS.— We shall be glad
to quote prices of Veitch's Tender and True and KoUis-
son's Telegraph Cucumber seeds, in large or small quantities.
Both are very superior stocks, ol our own growth, and carefully
selected.
GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen, Bath.
454
THE GARDEN-EMS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 18S3.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Dntcli Bulbs.-Great Unreservecl Sales,
Every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapslde. E.C., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at half-past ii o'Clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Hol-
land, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Lewlsham, S.E.
GREAT ANNUAL TRADE SALE of FERNS and
WINTER-FLOWERING PLANTS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. Richard Biggs to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Lewisharn, S.E.,
a few minutes' walk from Ladywell and Lewisharn Stations, on
TUESDAY, October i6. at 12 o'Clcck precisely (in consequence
of the large number of lots). 50,000 Maidenhair FERNS, 2000
ditto in 24 and 32-pots, 4000 ia 48-pots, many thousands of
PTERIS ARGYREA, ARISTATA ALBO - LINEATA,
5000 LOMARIA GIBBA (best variety); also ADIANTUM
FARLFYENSE, BAUSEI, SCUTUM, INSIGNIS,
GRACILLIMUM, &c. ; GYMNOGRAMMAS of sorts,
TODEAS, &c.. grown and lotted especially for the Trade;
also soo CAMELLIAS, mostly white; 500 AZALEAS,
including several large specimen whites ; BOUVARDIAS,
HYEMALIS and other HEATHS, EUCHARIS AMA-
ZONICA and CANDIDA, PALMS. DRAC/ENAS, FICUS,
aooo Winter-flowering CARNATIONS, 2000 CINERARIAS,
1000 specimen CHRYSANTHEMUMS, PRIMULAS, Border
SHRUBS, and other Stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, and
67 and 63, Cheapside, E.G.
Ealing, W.— Highly Important Sale, wltliout Reserve.
EXTENSIVE CLEARANCE SALE of exceptionally well-
grown NURSERY STOCK and FRUIT TREES, by
order of Messrs. Charles Lee & Son.
Important to Noblemen, Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and others.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nur-
sery, Ealing, Middlesex, W., about a mile from the station, on
TUESDAY, October i6, and following days, at 12 o'Clock
precisely each day, without reserve, several acres of beautifully
grown NURSERY STOCK, the whole of which has been
carelully prepared for transplanting. Amongst (he Stock will
be found a variety of Conifers, Evergreen Shrubs, but by far
the larger portion will consist of about 18,000 trained Fruit
Trees, offering an opportunity seldom met with of securing
fine and clean grown trees. They comprise 3000 Pyramid
Pears, very fine large fruiting trees. 6 to 7 feet ; 2000 Standard
Pears, acoo Standard Apples, 3000 Pyramid Apples, fine fruit-
ing trees, in bearing ; 2000 Horizontal and Fan-trained Pears,
very fine large fruiting trees ; 2000 ditto Apples, 1000 Dwarf-
trained Peaches and Nectarines, very fine ; 2000 ditto Plums,
loco ditto Cherries, 300 Standard Quinces, 2000 Limes and
other Forest Trees, zoco fine Standard Roses, 300 Yucca
gloriosa. and other Stock.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ;
of Messrs. LEE AND SON, Royal Vineyard Nursery, Hammer-
smith, W, ; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 8, New Broad
Street, and 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.
Lea Bridge Road. E.
UNRESERVED SALE of fine WINTER FLOWERING
HEATHS and GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
Expiration of Lease.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. John Fraser to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, at Lea Eridee Nurseries,
Leyton, E. (close to New Street Station), on WEDNESDAY,
October 17, at 12 o'Clock precisely, without reserve, many
thousands of Winter Blooming and other HEATHS, remark-
ably well erown, and including HYEMALIS, WILMOREA,
PERSOLUTA ALBA, and others; 1000 EPACRIS of the
choicest kinds: aooo CYCLAMEN PERSICUM. rooo
GENISTA FRAGRANS, 1000 PRIMULA SINENSIS,
red white, and double white ; soo Greenhouse FERNS, Tea-
scented and Noisette ROSES. SOLANUMS in berrv. a
quantity of miscellaneous STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, several hundreds of English-grown CAMELLIAS,
well set with bloom ; 300 early flowering and other CHRYSAN-
THEMUMS ; 400 fine double while PRIMULAS in 48-pots,
200 MariSuhal Niel and other ROSES, from 7 to 10 feet; a
large quantity of fine plants of AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII,
CLEMATIS JACKMANNI; also a healthy lot of Seedling
CONIFER/E, including CUPRESSUS, ABIES, CEDRUS,
WELLINGTONIA, and other stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the
Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.C.
Friday Next. _
IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, in the best
condition.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.
to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68 Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, a splendid lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM
ALEXANDRVE (crispum), O. VEXILLARIUM. O.
GRANDE, O. PESCATOREI, O. SPECIES, and O. PHA-
LyENOPSIS ; CATTLEYA AUREA. C. MOSSI.E, C.
DOWIANA; PAPHINIA CEISTATA, CORIANTHES
MACRANTHA, CYPRIPEDIUM CHANTINI. C.
INSIGNE AUREUM, ONCIDIUMS,and other ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.C.
Edgware, N.W.
By order of the Mortgagee. — Clearance Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
The Stone Grove Nursery. Edgware, N.W..on TUESDAY
October 23. at 12 o'Clock, without reserve, the beneficial
INTEREST in the LEASE of the NURSERY; also, in
separate lots, the whole of the GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
the Erections of Ten GREENHOUSES, two PITS. 2000 feet
of 3 and 4-inch HOT-WATER PIPING, BRICKWORK,
BOILERS, and numerous effects.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises, of J. H. BRIDGFORD, Esq , Solicitor, 58, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, E.C; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68 Cheapside, and
S, New Br(»d Street, E.C,
Westtioume I^urserles, Harrow Boad, W.
Entirely without Reserve, by order of Messrs. Woodroffe & Son,
who are about letting the Land for Building Purposes.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Piemises as above,
on THURSDAY. October 25, at 12 o'clock precisely, the whole
of the GREENHOUSES, PITS, FRAMES, HOT-WATER
PIPING, BOILERS, CARTS, and numerous effects.
Further particulars next week. Catalogues may be had on
the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 end 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Gravesend
By order of the Executors of the late Mr. Thomas Eves.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The
Nursery, Witham Road, Gravesend, on WEDNESDAY and
THURSDAY. October 30 and November i, without reserve,
thevaluable NURSERY STOCK, extending over 20 acres.
Further particulars will appear next weelc
Dntoli Flower Roots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent
Garden, W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SfNGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS. CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the 'Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
HlgUy Important Sale of Specimen Camellias,
AZALEAS, PaLMS, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has been favoured
with instructions from Hermann Rucker, Esq., to offer
for SALE bv AUCTION, without reserve, on the Piemises.
West Hill, Wandsworth, on TUESDAY, October 16, and
following davs, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the entire
COLLECTION of PLANTS formed by the late Sigismund
Rucker, Esq. The collection is general, and comprises about
200 of the finest Camellias in the country, all beautifully set
with bloom ; about 200 Azaleas, fine Palms, Tree and other
Ferns; a fine collection of Nerines. large Myrtles in tubs.
Stove Plants, and a few good ORCHIDS ; also GARDEN
SEATS and CHAIRS, VASES, and PEDESTALS, CHINA
POTS and STANDS, SLATE TUBS, BELL GLASSES,
GARDEN TOOLS, &c.
On view the day prior and mornings of Sale, and Catalogues
had on the Premises, and of Mr. J. C. STEVENS. Auctioneer
and Valuer, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Wednesday Next.— {Sale No. 6490.)
PLANTS
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUl-TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, October
17, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a consignment of choice
named CAMELLIAS, nice healthy plants, well set with buds ;
Indian AZALEAS. 200 FICUS ELASTICA, and PALMS
from Ghent; hardy ornamental CONIFERS, RHODODEN-
DRONS, Portugal LAURELS, AUCUBAS, ROSES. &c.,
from a well-known English Nursery.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next— (Sale No. 6490.)
CONSIGNMENT of PLANTS from Ghent.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King
Street, Covent Garden, WC, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
October 17, choice named CAMELLIAS, nice healthy plants,
well set with buds : Indian AZALEAS ; 200 strong plants of
FICUS ELASTICA ; 25 PHCENIX RECLINATA, and 25
CORYPH A AUSTRALIS, just received from Ghent.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
TliuTsday Next —(Sale No. 6491.)
VANDA SPECIES.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAVNEXT, Octoberi8, at
half-past 12 o'(!;iock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a
grand importation of a most beautiful VANDA, from the Island
of Bali in the Javanese group ; this splendid Vanda produces, as
will be seen, as many as twenty-four flowers on the spike, and is
extraordinarily free-flowering ; in habit it resembles ccerulea, but
the flowers are near insigne, the colouring is chaste and striking,
sepals and petals being carmine spotted and striped on white
ground, and the lip violet. See drawing. ONCIDIUM AR-
MILLARE,a lovely new introduction, flowers yellow with
brown stripes. Also other valuable importations. The Vandas
are in specially fine order, all have sound roots, and among
them will be found specimens of rare excellence and size.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thviraday Next.— (Sale, No 6491.)
PHAL/ENOPSIS INTERMEDIA, grand variety in flower.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street.
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, October 18,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh
Low & (bo., a very strong established plant, in flower, of a
most lovely variety of PHAL^NOPSIS INTERMEDIA,
which would seem far to surpass in richness -of colouring any
that they have previously bloomed of Brymeriana and Portei
varieties.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had-
TliurBday Next —(Sale No. 6491.)
VANDA INSIGNIS (true).
DENDROBIUM RIMANII, D. LEUCOLOPHOTUM.
MR, J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, :|S, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, October 18,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co., upwards of 200 plants of the true VANDA IN-
SIGNIS, DENDROBIUM RIMANII, DENDROBIUM
LEUCOLOPHOTUM, in quantity, the whole in very fine con-
dition, collected by Mr. W. Boxall in the Island of Timor. The
Dendrobiums are described by Professor Reichenbach in the
Gardeners' Chronicle, October 28, November 25, 1882.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, the Properly of a
NOBLEMAN.
MR, J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, October 18,
a small COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS, including a few specimen Azaleas, Dracxnas,
Pandanus, Euphorbias, Adiantums, Ficuselastica, &c., all clean
and well-grown, the property of a Nobleman.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Established Orcblds.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from J. Grimshaw, Esq., of Leeds, to offer for
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, October 25. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, his entire COLLECTION of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising about 800 plants,
including specimen Vandas, Dendrobiums, Ccelogynes, and
Cattleyas ; Stanhopea Wardianum, in bloom ; Phala;nopsis
amabilis, with spikes ; some of ihe finest Cattleya Mossise and
Trianse ever flowered, C. speciosissima in sheath, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Sarracenlas.-New Varieties.
MR. J. C STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on WEDNESDAY, October 27,
a Grand Collection of New Hybrid SARRACENI AS, raised by
the most successful grower in the country, O. O. Wrigley, Esq.,
of Eury, consisting of many very distinct varieties, not yet in
commerce, and in splendid condition, being the finest lot ever
brought to auction, and sold by order of Mr. G. Toll, who has
purchased the entire stock from the laiser.
On view morning of Sale, and CataloEues had.
Established Orchids, Stove Plants, &c
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY. October 27, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, a small COLLECTION of ESTAB-
LISHED ORCHIDS, including Dendrobiums, Phalffinopsis.
Cypripediums, Vandas, Saccolabiums, Cattleyas, Laslias, Mas-
devallias, Odontogtobsums, &c. ; also a quantity of STOVE
PLANTS. GARDENIAS. LAPAGERIAS, FERNS in
variety, and other PLANTS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tan&ley Old Nuraery, near Matloclt, Derbyshire.
SECOND CLEARANCE SALE of NURSERY STOCK,
comprising large quantities of Seedling Forest Trees and
Shrubs, Gorse, Broom, &c., for Covert; hardy Shrubs,
Herbaceous Plants, and other Stock.
MR. WM. SHUTES will SELL by AUG-
TION, unreservedly, on the grounds of the Tansley
Old Nursery, in the occupation of Mr. Stephen Smith, about
7%, miles from Matlock Bridge Station, Midland Railway, on
TUESDAY, October 16. Sale to commence at 11 o'Clock.
For Catalogues apply to the Auctioneer, or to Mr. STEPHEN
SMITH, Tansley Old Nursery, Matlock. The lots may be
viewed on Monday, October 15, also early on morning of Sale.
Auctioneer and Valaer's Office, Matlock Bridge.
Tansley Nurseries, near Matlock, Derbyshire.
To NOBLEMEN, GENTLEMEN, NURSERYMEN, and
OTHERS.
MR. G. MARSDEN respectfully announces
that he is instructed by Messrs. Samuel and James
Smith to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, at Tansley
Nurseries, near Matlock, on WEDNESDAY. THURSDAY,
and FRIDAY, October 17, i3, and iq, commencing punctually
at II o'clock each day, about 1300 lots of choice and highly
valuable NURSERY STOCK, consisting pf about 300,000
transplanted Rhododendrons of the choicest specimens, growth
and quality, in upwards of 350 named and common hybrids ;
20,000 Ivies and Laurels, immense lots of Retinospora plumosa
and aurea, in sizes suitable for all purposes : Cupressus Law-
sonianaaurea, Golden Yews, Gold, Silver,and Green Hollies (some
thousands of singly grown specimens, many of large size); choice
specimens of Yew elegantissima, 6 to 10 feet ; Cedrus Deodara,
Araucarias in good condition, having been removed within the
past two and three years ; 250,000 Spruce and Larch, immense
quantities of Poplar, Limes, Beech, Chestnut, Ash, Oak, and
other Forest Trees, in great variety.
Catalogues will be ready fourteen days prior to the Sale, and
may be had on application to Messrs. SAMUEL and JAMES
SMITH, Tansley Nurseries, Matlock; or the Auctioneer,
Wiiksworth.
On view Monday and Tuesday, October 15 and 16.
Green Lane Nurseries,
Opposite the " Chequers Inn," Horley, Surrey, only a few
minutes' walk from the Railway Station ; 4 miles from
Redhill and Reigate, and 5 from Crawley, on the road from
London to Brighton.
To Nurservmen, Florists and Private Growers.
MESSRS. W. and H. STAGEY are instructed
to SELL by AUCTION, in the above Nurseries (the
Land being wanted for other purposes), on WEDNESDAY,
October 17. at 11 for 12 o'Clock, tn consequence of the number
of Lots, a large quantity of transplanted FOREST TREES,
CONIFERS, DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL TREES,
and ORNAMENTAL CONIFEROUS TREES : EVER-
GREEN, DECIDUOUS and FLOWERING SHRUBS;
Hardy CLIMBERS; HEDGE and FENCE PLANTS;
APPLES, PEARS. PLUMS, CHERRIES ; HYBRID PER-
PETUAL ROSES, Tea-scented, Noisette, Bourbon, Standards
and in Pots ; CLEMATIS, and a large quantity of SEED-
LING STOCK.
Special Notice. — In consequence of the number of lots, the
Worked and Seed hng Stock will not be included in the Sale.
Catalogues may be had 10 days prior to the Sale at the principal
Hotels and Inns in the district ; at the place of Sale, or of Messrs.
W. S: H. Scacey, Auctioneers and Land Agents, Redhill, Surrey.
TO BE DISPOSED OF, a genuine good
going NURSERY, SEED and FLORIST BUSINESS,
in one of the most fashionable Spaing places in England.
Four acres of Nursery, 8 acres of Meadow, to break up when
required, and about 8000 feet of Glass; large House, and the
usual Outbuildings, with a good large Shop in one of the prin-
cipal streets in town. Good connection. Such an opportunity
seldom met with. Satisfactory reason given for giving up.
For full particulars apply to R. HUTCHINSON, Nursery-
man, Harrogate.
OR DISPOSAL, an extensive HORTI-
CULTURAL BUSINESS, in excellent situation, with
all necessary appurtenances. Apply to
Mr. F. S. REYNOLDS, Agent, Si, Edgware Road, W.
O LET, a Small NURSERY and
FLORIST'S BUSINESS, in the best Suburb of Read-
ing, comprising three Vineries, Cucumber-house and Frames,
Stable. &C. Rent £21 per year. — For (ull particulars apply to
A. FOWLE, Crescent Nursery, Hamilton Road, Reading, Berks.
Middlesex.
To FLORISTS, MARKET GARDENERS, &c.,near London.
TO BE LET, on Lease, from lo to i5
acres of suitable LAND, with i or 2 Cottages if required.
For particulars, apply to J. N. KINGCHURCH, 2, South-
ampton Street, Bloomsbury, W.C.
October 13, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
455
THE GARDENERS' ROYAL
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that an addition to the
List of Pensioners of this Iiistitmion will be made in January
next. All persons desirous of becoming Candidates are required
to send in their applications to the Committee on or before
November 3 next, after which day they will not be received.
Preference will be given to those Applicants who have been
Subscribers to the Institution for 15 years and upwards, in
conformity with R\de No. 6. Should there not be enough
applicants of this c'as5 to fill the Vacancies, then the claims of
those who have not subscribed so long or not at alt will be con-
sidered. By Older of the Committee,
E. R. CUTLER, Sec.
14, Tavistock Row, London.— October -i,, 1883.
AppUcalioii muF-t be made upon printed Forms, which, tocether
with all information on the subject, may be obtained from the
Secretary.
MESSRS. PEED & GREAVES,
AumONEEKS v\Nl) ESTATE AGENTS,
1, HOLLAND ROAD. BRIXTON, LONDON. S.W.
^pHE above Firm will be happy to Furnish
X Esiimates or Terms for the SALE by PU BLIC AUCTION
of alt Classes of NUKSERY and FLORIST STOCK, either
at the Nurseries of Clients, ux to be removed to the Sa'e Rooms,
as above. Mr. W. G. PEED (son of Mr. John Peed, the
well-knnwn Exhibitor, Nurseryman, and Florist), by his practical
knowledge of the 'I'rade, the nomenclature of all classes of
Plants and Trees, as also his intimate knowledge of the value
of every variety of Nursery Slock, can guarantee a like com-
petency and ihorousliness of Sale only possessed by one well-
known firm in the Trade, and Messrs. P. & G. will undertake
any such Sales at lowest possible terms.
ROTH E R OE and MORRIS, HORTI-
CULTURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers
and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.G., and at Leyton*
stone, E. ^Ionthly Horticultural Register had on application.
MIL LIN^ T O N "and C C, English
• and FohRifiN Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
Choice Early Blooming Plants.
TSAAC DAVIES and SON beg to call
JL attention to the following Plants of their own raising : —
RH0D0DIi:NDRONS, sweet-scented, %s. 6rf., 3^. td., and
upwards, lo srr each.
AZALEA DAVIESII, sweet-scented, is. to 3^. each.
,. HYERIDA ODORATA.swees-scented, is. 1031. each.
RHODODENDRON PR/ECOX and varieties, \s., ij. 6*^.,to
21. td. each.
„ ROSY BELL, 2J. (>d. to 3J. dd. each.
„ DAVIESII. orange -scarlet, bushy habit, beautiful foliage.
Received Fust-class Certificates at London and Man-
chester. Prices, -^s. 6d., 5s , and (ipwards, to air. each.
In addition to the above, we have a fine stock of AZALEA
MOLLIS and other AZALEAS, well-budded plants, suitable
for forcing.
Descriptive Priced LIST on application.
Brook Lane Nursery, Ormskirk,
ABBAGE PLANTS, Early Rainham, and
Enfield M »rket. best sorts, 2s. 6d. per tooo ; best Sovereign
RHUBARB ROOTS, and earliest in cultivation, for planting-
out, 2s per dozen ; SEAKALE and ASPARAGUS ROOTS,
cheaper than any man in the trade, price on application.
Scarlet King DAISIES, for planting-out, 2J. per 100.
RICHARD WALKER, Market Gardens, Biggleswade, Beds.
FOR SALE, 7000 Red and Black Dutch
CURRANTS, strong, 2-yr. old: 60,000 strong RASP-
BERRY CANES-Carler's Prolific and Northumberland Fdl-
basket. Prices on application to
CHAS. BLUNDELL, Sen., The Home for Fruit, Halstead
Sevenoaks. Kent.
FOR SALE, a Collection of Large Stove
Plants, including PHAL^NOPSIS SCHILLERIANA,
with six leaves, longest 18 inches; ADIANTUM FAR-
LEYENSE, MLISA CAVENDISHII, DRAC/ENA SHEP-
HERDI, ALSOPHILA EXCELSA, CROTONS, various.
For particulars, address
J. REYNOLDS, Gardener to Colonel Seddou, Waltham
Grove, near Great Grimsby.
Vines —Vines— Vines.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, have this season, as
usual, a splendid stock of VINES, suitable for Fruiting in Pots
and Planting Vineries. Also a fine stock of Mar^chal Niel,
Gtoiie de Dijon, and other TEA ROSES;
Descriptive Priced LIST on application.
The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
OSES, TREE CARNATIONS,
CLIMBERS, &c.
My CATALOGUE of above is now ready, and contains, in ad-
dition to above. Selections of PANSIES, BEDDING VIOLAS,
CLOVES, CARNATIONS, PICOTKES, PHLOXES, PY-
RETHRUMS, DELPHINIUMS, and many others.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
Prize Cob Filliert Trees.
GENTLEMEN desirous 0/ obtaining
the true WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES,
for delivery in October and November, should now send their
orders to Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., Calcot Gardens, Reading,
of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LI STS on application.
WO HUNDRED THOUSAND VIOLAS,
BEDDING PANSIES, HARDY PERENNIALS.
ALPINES, &c. — One uniform pnce, is. per dozen, trans-
planted. Land sold for Railway Extension. Guinea Garden
Col ection increased to thirty dozen, worth ^6 ; half, i-zs,
CATALOGUE gratis.
JOHN PIRIE AND CO., Stechford, Birmingham.
H~ ERBA C e'0Us7 a L P I N E, and ROCK
PLANTS.
Collections of 60 in lOo choice varieties, gr'.s. o i.
,. 50 in so ,, 17 J, (}d,
<. 25 in 25 „ lor. 6d.
Packing free and extra plants sent to compensate for carriage.
R. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston,
Birmingham.
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS, from 20 choice
varieties, price 3J. per too, lis. 6d. per .ico, 20s. per 1000,
Free by Parcels Post, 45. perioo. Terms cash. Sample and LIST
free W. LOVEL ANi> SON, Str.iwberry Growers, Dtidicld.
Kent, The Garden of England.
300,000 FRUIT THRES in Cro varieties.
GEORGE BUN YARD and CO.
beg to intimate that thc'r slock w.is never finer, and
intending purchasers arc invited to come, and sec fur ibcm-
selves. The New Illuslr.iled Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps, Rcfcrcnrc LIST free.
The Kent Roses do Live.
Extra well-rooted stutT. very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone.— Established 1796.
To the Trade only.
EH. KRELAC;e AND SON, Nursery-
• MBN, Sekusmhn, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland.
The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 36SA) of Dutch Flower
Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous rooted Plants
for 18S3-84 is now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen. Florists, and Seedsmen.
To the Trade.
HOME GROWN VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special offers of all the varieties of VEGETABLE
and AGRICULTUAL SEEDS they have grown this season
from choice selected stocks. The quality of the seeds is ex-
cellent, and the prices are very low.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
U T C H ] B U L B s!
All first size and quality. Cash prices.
HYACINTHS, finest named, 4s., 5^., and 6s. per dozen ; ditto,
finest for beds, ss. 6d. per dozen.
TULIPS, finest named, 5s. to Sr. per 100 ; ditto, finest mi.ved,
double or single, 4s. per 100.
CROCUSES, first size, all kinds to name. 15. 6d, per 100.
The CITY SEED and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch
Street, and 80, St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C.
HOLLY for HEDGES.—I2 to 15 inches, 25.?.;
15 to 18 inches, 35J. ; 18 to 24 inches, 50.J. per 100.
Forest LIST, containing heights and prices of well-grown trans-
planted Quick, Ash, Larch, Spruce, Pines, Oaks, Cover
Plants, &c. , free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
FRUIT TREES (74 acres).—
apples, PEARS, PLUMS. CHERRIES, PEACHES,
NECTARINES. APRICOTS, &c , as Standards, Dwarfs,
Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety.
VINES, excellent canes, 31. 6rf. to loi. 6i. ORCHARD
HOUSE TREES in pots, from 5t. FIGS, from 31. 6<f.
Descriptive LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms ol
Trees, with directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure,
Pruning, Lifting, Cropping. Treatment under Glass: also infor-
mation as to Synonyms, Quality, St/.i, Form. Skin. Colour, Flesh,
Flavour, Use. Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &c., free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.
pABBAGE— CABBAGE.— Extra strong and
V^' fine Plants of autumn sown Early Raiiiham, Early Enfield
Market, Early Eattersea, and Early Nonpareil, 3.5. per 1000;
Robinson's Champion Drumhead, 3^. per looo. The above are
well-rooted, and free from club. No better plants can be had.
Post-cffice Order, or reference from unknown correspondents.
Free on rail. Samples on application. Apply,
W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford, Surrey.
ANSIES.— The largest Amateur Pansy
Grower in this country has authorised his Gardener to
sell surplus plants from his stock, which comprises over 400
Exhibition varieties, and which have taken First-class Certificates
and Prizes all over the countrj'. The Pansies will be offered at
prices far below what they can be obtained from nurserymen
for. Particulars on application to
GARDENER, Messrs. G. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill,
London, E.C.
S~'¥aK: ALE^(S EED ).— We~ have"a~^^7fine
Sample of New Seed, just harvested, of the true Fulham
variety. Price per pound or hundredweight on application,
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants,
Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
Trade Offer.-50,000 Palms and Ferns.
WILLIAM ICETON, Barnes and
Roehampton, has an especially fine stock of clean
healthy PALMS, at very low rales for quaniities, viz. :— Arecas,
Coryphas, Cocos flexuosa, Weddelliana. Romanzoffiana ; Geo-
nomasof sorts ; Kentias, looonice plants ; Latanias, Phcenixrupi-
cola, Cycas revoluta, circinalis, Rumphia. The finest stocic of
DRAC.ENA LINEATAUrue), from 3 to 9 feet, for Winter
Gardens and Conservatory Decoration : perfect plants. DRA-
GON A RUBRA in large quantities, also ASPIDISTRAS, varie-
gated ; ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, in very large quantities.
WEET-SCENTED LAVENDER.—
Twelve plants, is. ^d., free, or 71. per 100, free per Parcels
Post. This charming sweet-scented i>lant ought lo be in
every garden ; perfectly hardy, but suitable for greenhouse
culture.
RARE HOLLY FERN, with thorns, like miniature Holly
leaves, i^., free; two plants, is. 6d., free; twelve, js., free.
Quite hardy, but nice for Fern-case culture.
White scented old English garden LILY, three fine blooming-
size bulbs, IS. 6d., free ; twelve, 4^, 6d., free.
MORLEY AND CO.. Rosedale Exotic Nurseries, PrestoiL
ROSES (20 acres). —Well-rooted, many
shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and
of the best kmds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, Ss. per
dozen, 60s. per loa ; packing and carriage free for cash with
order. Standards, 15s. per dozen, or 100 free for izos. These
world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction.
Descriplive LIST free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
E"V E R G R E E N HEDGES.
SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER.
ARBOR VIT^E, American, 2 to 3 feet, 301. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet,
40J. per 100.
THUIA LObBII, 3 to 4 ft.,8oj. per too ; 4 to 5 ft., 120s. per 100.
HOLLIES, Green, i to i>^ foot, 20s. per ico ; 1^ to 2 feet, 40^,
per 100; 2 to aj^ feei, Scj. per ico
The above have splendid roots and are well grown.
JNO. JEFFERIES and SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.
A
FRI CAN
TUBEROSES.-
ARRIVED.
-JUST
fyo THE TRADE.— JAMES CARTER,
-L DUNNETT AND HEALE have just received their first
consignment of AFRICAN TUBEROSES, in splendid condi-
tion, and will be plea.scd to (itiole special prices to lar^e buyers
on application.
237 and 238. Hifih Holborn, London. W C.
rpo THE TRADE.— SPECIAL OFFER.—
-L BEDDING HYACINTHS in distinct colours, very
fine; NAIVIED HYACINTHS, first qualily ; DOUBLE
SNOWDROPS, very fine; DOUBLE DAFFODILS, extra
brge ; ULIUM CANDIDUM and LILIUM LONGI-
FLORUM. Write for Prices 10
JAMES CARTER. DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and
238, High Holborn. London, W.C.
O THE TRADE. —BOUVARDI AS.—
Special low offer of the following : — Alfred Neuner (double
white), President Garfield (double pink), and Humboldti
corymbiflora, nice vigorous stuff, in 6o's and 48's. Write for
prices and sample plant to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and
238, High Holborn, London, W.C.
For PreBent Planting.
GLADIOLUS, THE BKIDE.— This pure
while variety is perfectly hardy, and should be planted
this month, or early next. Blooms in June, or will btand
moderate forcing well. See our Wholesale liulb Catalogue, to
be had on application. Special low prices for large quaniitiei.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Exeter Street, Strand. W.C.
LANTS ADAPTED for FORCING.—
The following articles are offered upon very advantageous
terms. The Rhcdodendrons have from five to twenty
buds each, and consi^t of the best kinds for forcing : —
RHODODENDKONS, beautiful plants.
AZALEA MOLLIS, with ten lo twenty and thirty buds.
,, PONTICA NARCISSIFLtjRA, ten to twenty buds.
,, ,. Graf Von Meran and other?, covered with buds.
KALMIA LATIFOLIA, covered wuh buds.
ANDROMEDA PULVERULENTA.
HYDRANGEA PANICULATA GRANDIFLORA.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS, veiy strong.
ANTHONY WATEKER, Knap Hill Nursery.
NEW LILIUM HARRISI (True).
We were the introducers of this distinct and
floriferous variety of L. eximium last year.
Extract from Cardeners' Chronicle ; — " Lilium Harri'i- — We
have received a two-flowered stem of this Lily fiom Messrs,
Watkins & Simpson, who introduced it iiUo the London market,
and which is the second flower-stem produced this season in
the manner described by Mr. Clausen, at p. 53, by a second-
sized bulb in the possession of Mr. Walker, ot Whitton, near
Hounslow. The flowers are very fine, and evidence seems to
be accumutatjrig that it is distinct from L. loogiflorum, or at
least a well-marked variety of that species. It does not appear
lo do well out-of doors, preferring the shelter of a cool green-
house ; and it stands forcing well,
'* JVe understand that one of the moU extensive groi.uers oj
plants for market has given a large order Jor bulbs for Jorcing
next spring."
Price of Bulbs of the above and many other Lilies
on application to
WATKINS & SIMPSON,
Seed & Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, StraJid, W.C.
SPECIAL OFFER OF
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.
SHOW VARIETIES, all the best sorts.
BORDER VARIETIES, to name, a selection of fiue fiee-
flowering and distinct coloured vatieiies.
BORDER VAKIF.TIES, unnamed, all good double varieties.
TREE VARIETIES, the leading sorts.
NEW WHITE CLOVE, Gloire de Nancy.
Special prices (for immediate delivery) on application to
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
ANTHONY WAT E R E R
Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK:—
HOLLIES. Common Green, 3, 4, 5, 6. 7, 8 to^
,, laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet high.
,, Hodgins', 3. 4, 5 to 8 feet.
„ myrtifolia, ditto Vmany thousands.
,, oaw-leaved, ditto. '
,, Scottica, 3 lo 8 feet.
, , Yellow-tiierried, altaclarense and others.
„ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 ft.
,, Waterer's, splendid plants, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet
in circumterence.
„ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of
beautiful specimens.
,, Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful
heads, ten lo fifteen year's growth, hundreds.
,, New Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated. 3, 4, 5, 6, to 7 feet, many
thousands.
YEWS, Common, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 10 feet, thousands.
,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards. In point
of variety and size unequalled.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 8 feet,
thousands.
„ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLOBRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4. 5. 6, 7» 8, to
10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS, Hardy, the fiuest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and
5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS. Chinese, 7. S. and 10 feet high.
PICEA PINSAPO. 6 to 8 feet.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7. and 8 feet.
Knap Hill Nursery, Woldiig Station, Surrey.
456
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[October 13, 1883.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
30,000 PALMS,
including Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Coryphas, Phcenix, CocosWeddelliana, Caryotas,
cVc. ; FERNS, in 48's and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, lor
flowering this season; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, JASMINUM GRACILLIMUIW (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS;
Tuberous and Foliage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
BUTCH BULBS,
DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON'S
CHOICE FLO WEB KOOTS.
OUR GUINEA PACKAGE
or Choice Hardy Flower Roots for Spring Gardening, contains
the following well selected first-claas sound Bulbs, viz. : —
36 HYACINTHS, mixed, in distinct colours.
50 TULIPS, single, early, best mixed.
50 ,, double ,. ,, ,.
30 NARCISSUS. POLYANTHUS, best mixed.
30 ,, Incomparable, yellow, double.
50 ANEMONES, double, best mixed.
50 RANUNCULUS, double, best mixed,
4C0 CROCUS, in 4 distinct colours.
36 GLADIOLUS, best mixed.
50 SNOWDROPS, single.
Half this quantity for lor. ^d.
Other Collections for Indoor and Spring Gardening at
los. dd., zis., 2JS. 6d., 50J., 55^,, and icar.
The above-named Collections may be had from our Agents,
Messrs. MERTENS and CO., s, Billiter Square, London, E.C.,
during the season, against cash payment.
Our complete and revised CATALOGUE for 1883 may be
had Free on application to our Agents or ourselves direct.
Early Orders respectfully requested.
ANT. EOOZEN & SON,
NURSERYMEN, OVERVEEN, near HAARLEM,
HOLLAND.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25J. per 100, or 4s.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTEK.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
^-^a. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Ivlail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °^ MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 1784.
ADDRESS :—
LANDKETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH EEBNS
and SELAGINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application,
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER,
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from iSj-. to 36^. per dozen.
These 'World-famed BOSES cannot fail to
give th.e greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
1883-A BC BULBGUIDE-1883.
THIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
has been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General MISCELLANEOUS BULBS,
very extensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS (perhaps the finest collection ol these ever
offered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORUS,TRIL-
LIUMS, P^iiONIES, the leading and most distinct
varieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.,
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
adapted for Autumn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
The Largest Rose Groundsin England
CRANSTON'S NURSERIES
(Established 1785).
THE PLANTING SEASON.
Order Early and Plant In October and November.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
Beg to draw the attention of Amateurs and Rose
Growers generally to their immense Stock of
DWARF and STANDARD
ROSES,
which are unusually fine this season. The
plants, having made very early growth, are now
well ripened, and will be in excellent condition
for transplanting. Plants are grown in every
variety of form, and upon Stocks best adapted
to the habit or constitution of the Rose.
Selections wlU be supplied at tlie following prices,
leas 6 per Cent, discount for Casli with Order :—
STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS, superior varieties,
2ir. to 245. per dozen.
DWARFS on MANETTX, superior varieties, gs. to joi. per
dozen. _
DWARFS on SEEDLING BRIER and BRIER CUT-
TINGS, superior varieties, loj. to izi. per dozen.
DWARF TEA-SCENTED and NOISETTES, on Seedlmg
Brier, superior varieties, 15s. to i8i. per dozen.
DWARF HYBRID PERPETUALS, on own roots, 15^ to
i8i. per dozen.
CLIMBING ROSES, 91. to izi. per dozen.
NEW FRENCH ROSES for 1883,36s. per dozen.
TEA-SCENTED HYBRID PERPETUALS, &c., in 8-inch
pots, specially grown for Forcing, 34^., 30s., to 42J. per
dozen.
GARDEN ROSES, suitable for Bedding or Massing, 60s.
per 100.
Special Quotations will be given to Buyers of
Lar^e Quatitities.
Descriptive Catalogue on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.
(LIMITED),
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.
SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER of HARDY PERENNIALS,
SUITABLE for PRESENT PLANTING,
CONSISTING of most Useful and Effective
Varieties, principally strong plants from Ground.
Priced LIST Gratis and Post-free upon application.
THOS. S. WARE. Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
Winter Flowering Plants.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that his
• Stock of
AUTUMN and WINTER FLOWERING PLANTS
is now ready for sending out. consisting of
AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS, CYCLAMEN. BOUVARDIAS»
CARNATIONS (Tree, or perpetual-flowering), ERICAS—
all the leading kinds. EPACRIS, SOLANUMS-umisually
well berried; ACACIAS. GENISTAS, AZALEA MOLLIS,
and a number of other things that are required for this season.
The whole are well-grown and set with flower-buds.
Early orders are respectfully solicited.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, N.
R E E S and s"~H R U B S.
100,000 Hardy HEATHS, nice plants, suitable for
planting on banks and mounds. Can be supplied in 20
or 30 variftlies, at 45. per dozen, 25^. per 100, or £,\.o
per I003.
LARCH. 2 to 3 feet. zu. per 1000; aj^ to 3^ leet, 231. per
1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 2%s. per 1000 ; 3^^ to i,%. feet, 30:.
per 1000.
FIR, Scotch, I to ij^ foot, 185. per loco ; ij^ to 2 feet, 2jJ.
per iroo
CEDRUS DEODARA, 2 to 2^ feet, 12'. per dozen, 90^. per
100 ; •i% to 3 feet, 2.^5 per dozen, 160J. per loo ; 3 to
4 feet, 30.S. per dozen, 23CJ. per 100 ; sJ^ to A,% feet,
^6.. per dozen, 2755 per ico -beautiful plants, having
been recently transplanted.
RHODODENDRONS. Hybrids. 9 to 15 inches, ■2^s. per 100,
or 25' .r. per leoo ; 12 to 18 uiclies, 325 per 100, or 300J.
ptr 1000 ; 15 to 20 inches, i,ii. per 100 ; ij^ to 2 feet,
5C5- per 100.
CATALOGUES, containing other Evergreens and Flowering
Shrubs, may be had on ap|.licalion to
JAMES SMITH and SONS. Darley Dale Nurseries, near
Mdtiock.
To Florists.— For Forcing this next Winter.
LILACS (Syringa) Charles X., Saug^, and
ALBA VIRGINALIS.— Nice round plants cultivated in
pots, plants from i foot 10 inches to 2 feet 10 inches, with
six, ten, and fifteen branches, well set with flowers, price
;i6. £,Z and /to per 100.
STAPHYLEA COLCHICA.— Plants cultivated m pots, ^6
pots, Z6 per lOo.
ROSES, Miphctos, Maie'ch^il Niel, and other Teas, for
Forcing —Cultivated iu pots, ^4 per 100.
ROSES, Special Varieties, for Foicing. — Low-budded, fine
plants, £20 to £24 per icoo.
SPIR.'EA PALM ATA. — Good clumps, jCio to £12 per 1000.
DtUTZIA GRACILIS.— Good young plants, six to twelve
branches, ;£io to £i\i per 1000.
Direct Oiders to
L. PAILLET, Niurseryman, Chateney (Seine), pr<Ji Paris,
France.
ALL ORDERS FOR
DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS
CABBIAGE FBEE
BY RAIL OR PARCELS POST.
EXTRA QUALITY.
HYACINTHS, choice named sorts
, , Early White Roman
TULIPS, best show varieties . .
CROCUS, ten best distinct sorts
JONQUILS, sweet-scented
s. d.
, , per doz. 6 o
.. „ 3 o
.. ,, I 6
. . per loo 2 6
. . per doz. o 8
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, named ,, 26
BORDER NARCISSUS, in variety .. per 100 46
ANEMONES, fine French varieties .. ,, 70
RANUNCULUS, Double French .. ,, 7 o
SNOWDROPS, extra large roots .. ,, 26
IRIS, German, in best mixture .. .. per doz. 2 o
SCILLA SIBIRICA, large size .. per 100 60
SPIR.€;A JAPONICA, for forcing . . per doz. s o
CHRISTMAS ROSE, su-ongfloweringroots ,, 6 o
LILIUMS, EARLY GLADIOLUS, AMARYLLIS,
WINTER ACONITE, BEGONIAS,
TUBEROSES, CROWN IMPERIALS, IXIAS, &c.
CATALOGUES FREE.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY k SEED COMPANY (Limited),
HEREFORD.
N A R G I S S U S.
THOMAS S. WARE begs to announce that
he has prepared a SPECIAL OFFER of Leading
Varieties of the above, which may be had upon application.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham. London.
October 13, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
457
NEW POTATOS ALL THE YEAR ROUND.
NEW POTATOS FOR CHRISTMAS
May be had withoiit diffiatlty by planting, any time before
October 20, in pots or frames,
THE -T^ ---:
EARLIEST OF all POTATOS, P^^
" SHARPS' S VICTOR."
Sharps 's Victor is a seedling raised from the Alma Kidney and
the old early short-top round Potato. It is earlier than any present
variety, and having a very short top is especially suitable for
frame cultivation, and there is no difficulty in securlog new
PotatOB for the Table every day in the year. Victor
is a flattened roundish oval in shape, with a beautiful clear skin
and extremely shallow eyes, being one of the handsomest as
well as the heaviest croppers of any variety adapted for frame-
work, or for a first early crop outdoors. It is dty and mealy
when cooked, and the flavour and quality of the flesh are superior
to nearly every other variety at present in use.
Messrs. J. & J. Elletson write as follmuSt Sept. 26,
1883:— "Mr, Usher, Gardener to C. H. Johnson, Esq.,
Thorgumbald Hall, planted Victor Potatos on January 26, and
placed a dish on his employei's table on March 8, from planting
to lifting being only SIX WEEKS."
Price, Is. per Pound.
CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD.
MODERN
FRUIT CULTURE
CORDON SYSTEM.
J. CHEAL & SOIS'
NEW
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
of FRUIT TREES, Post-free.
Also Catalogue of Ornamental Trees and
Shrubs, Roses, Forest Trees, &c.
LOWFIELD NURSERIES,
CRAWLEY, SUSSEX.
R. HALLIDAY & CO.,
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that the verv bfst.
Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-Water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stocic
PlaTtSt Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of th£ Kingdom.
Our Maxim is and always has been —
MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERI-(^18.
NEW STRAWBERRY,
ABERDEEN FAVOTTRITE.
Certificate of Merit Royal Horticultural Society, Aberdeen,
September 14, 1883.
First-class Certificate North of Scotland Horticultural Associa-
tion, September 21, i8e3.
This variety is a very free and continuous bearer. commencinK
to fruit early in July, and producing a succession of large,
handsome, well coloured fruit until the middle of Septembor!
Baskets of this variety were pulled as late as September 21. It
has taken the first pLice in the market here for flavour, produc-
tiveness, size, and shape, s^- ^'^- per ico, post-free. Early
enquiry necessary to ensure a supply.
CONNON <& REIB,
SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS, AliERDEEN.
We can also offer the other leadinj; varieties.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE KEFUSF.
\d. per bushel : loo for »sj. : truck (loose, about 2 tons),
4oi. ; 4-busheI bags. Ad. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. id. per sack ;
5 sacks, 7.^s. ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 221. ; sacks,
4</. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, ij. 9,/. per bushel : 151. per half
ton, 26J per ton ; in 2 bushel bacs, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. St. M. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Wrile for Free
Price LIST.— H. O. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
COCOA NUT FIBRE~R^EFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society atid
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. 31'. each, or
15 sacks, i8f. ; 30 sacks, £1 $s., sacks included. Truck-load,
loose, 33.r. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
hshed 1872.-J. STEVENS and CO., "Greyhound" Yard,
and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
12-oz. Sample Packets, tree by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants, &c.. £6 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 15s. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 55 ; 5 Bags,
22S. 6d. ; 10 Bags, 45s. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
tos. 6d. per Bag. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52J. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, £s per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25^. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, &c., of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Light or
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tons, 48^.
each. Selected PEAT, 3J.persack. SILVER SANDand LEAF
MOULD, 8d, per bushel. Sacks, 6d. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAMBERT, Ringwood.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, &c.
Superior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 4s. 6d. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from 5s. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from 6s. per sack.
LOAM, Yellow Fibrous, ij. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best, is. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, 11. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, is. 6d. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, gd. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, from6rf. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 11. 60?. per bag ; per truck-
load of about 2 tons, 35J.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 41. 6d. ptr baff.
VIRGIN CORK, 181. per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 34, Glengarry Road, East Dulwlch. S.E.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by ttie
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by thefn and all Nurserytnett ajtd Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation : giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
To the Seed and Florist Trade.
CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER k CO.
(LIMITED),
Horticultural Sundries Merchants,
and Manufacturers of all kinds of
INSECTICIDES and MANURES, GRASS and DRIED
FLOWER BOUQUETS, WREATHS and CROSSES,
in every Material and Pattern.
IMPORTERS OF
DRIED FLOWERS and GRASSES, VIRGIN CORK,
RAFFIA MATS, &c.
Every Hortiailtural Requisite required for a shop kept in
stock. Show Rooms now complete with every novelty for autumn
use, and special attention given to any visiting customers.
CATALOGUES Free to t/te Trade on application.
18, Flnsbury Street, London, E.C.
458
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 1883.
EBBS'
l^° ALL BULBS
ABE SENT FBEE
By Post or Rail.
FLOWER ROOTS
Webbs' Autumn Catalogue,
GRATIS and POST-FREE.
^EBBS'.21s,.Box
Of BULBS for
OUTDOOR CULTIVATION
25 Anemones, dble. , mixed
25 » single, niixed
200 Crocus, choice vars.
I Crown Imperial
25 Hyacinths, mixed
25 Iris, Spanish, mixed
12 Jonquils, Campernclle
I Lilium candid urn
12 Narcissus, double white
25 ,, Poeiicus
25 „ Van Sion
Polyanthus Narcissus
Ranunculux. dble.mixed
,, Turban, scarlet
Snowdrops, double and
single
Tulips. Due van Thol
,, early double mixed
,, La Candeur, dble.
,, Parrot, fine, mixed
,, single mixed
Winter Aconites
Other Collections for Outdoor Cultivation at
10s. 6d., 153., 423., 63s., and 1053. each.
"yy^EBBS'ssiog
Of BULBS for
GREENHOUSE DECORATION
CONTAINS
1 Amaryllis formosissima
loo Crocus, choice
I Cyclamen persicum
13 Hyacinths, named
9 Jonquils, sweet-scented
I Lilium lanciTolium
6 Narcissus bulbocodium
6 Polyanthus Narcissus
12 Scilla amcena
75 Snowdrops
6 Tulips, Due Van Thol.
scarlet
i8 „ early single, 6 vars.
6 ,, Rex rubrorum,
double
6 ,, Tournesol, double
Other CoUectloiiB for . Greenhouse Decoration
at lOs. 6d., 15s., and 423. each.
WEBBS's
s. Box
Of BULBS for
POTS, GLASSES & VASES,
3 Amaryllis formosissima
lOD Crocus, named
2 Cyclamen persicum
12 Hyacinths, named
3 ,, miniature, named
3 Ins Pavonia
6 Ixias, fine mixed
9 Jonquils, sweel-scented,
single
g Polyanthus Narcissus,
fine, mixed,
g Scilla sibirica
50 Snowdrops
6 Sparaxis, mixed
12 Tulips, Due Van Thol,
scarlet
25 ,, early, five sorts
6 „ Tournesol, double
Other Collections for Pots, Glasses, &c., at
10s. 6d., 15s , 42s., 63s., and 105s. each.
THE QUEEN-S SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY,8T0URBRIDGE,
THE PERFECTION OF CUCUMBERS.
CUCUMBERS ALL THE YEAR ROUND.
This variety is large, handsome in form, of a lovely colour, and of
exquisite flavour. It is marvellously productive, as many as 400 fruit
having been cut from 12 plants in a 3-light pit.
For succession it is unequalled, bearing as abundantly at Christmas
as at Midsuinmer.
Price, 2s. 6d. per Packet.
CHARLES SHARPS & CO., SLEAFORD.
THURSDAY NEXT.— (Sale No. 6491.)
PHAL^ENOPSIS INTERMEDIA.
GRAND VARIETY— IN FLOWER.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
October i8, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.,
a very strong established plant, in flower, of a most lovely variety of PHAL^NOPSIS
INTERMEDIA, which would seem far to surpass in richness of colouring any that they have
previously bloomed of Brymeriana and Portei varieties.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues liad.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
THURSDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 6491.)
VAIDA nSieiS (TRUE).
DE15M0BIUI EIMAIII, D. LEUCOLQPHOTUM.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, October i8,
at half-oast 12 precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., upwards of 200 plants of THE
TRUE VAN DA INSIGNIS, DENDROBIUM RIMANII, D. LEUCOLQPHOTUM, in
quantity— the whole in very fine condition. Collected by Mr. W. Boxall m the Island of Timor. The
Dendrobiums are described by Professor Reichenbach in the Gardeners' Chronicle, October 28
and November 25, 1882.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
THURSDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 6491.)
V A N D A S P E C I E S.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, October i8,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a grand importation of a most
beautiful VANDA from the Island of Bali, in the Javanese group. This splendid Vanda produces,
as will be seen, as many as twenty-four flowers on the spike, and is extraordinarily free-flowering.
In habit it resembles coerulea, but the flowers are near insigne ; the colouring is chaste and
striking, sepals and petals being carmine spotted and striped on white ground, and the lip violet.
See drawing. ONCIDIUM ARMILLARE, a lovely new introduction, flowers yellow with brovvn
stripes. Also other valuable Importations. The Vandas are in specially fine order, all have
sound roots, and among them will be found specimens of rare excellence and size.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES. 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
OctobSr 13,' "8831]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
459
PAULS' lUESERIES,
WALTHAM CROSS.
AVm. Paul & Son
Respectfully invite attention to the following
SPECIALITIES ;-
PAULS'— Roses-
/
'th
A
v^
}\
L
%
\
i
1
-WALTHAM
CROSS.
Srandards
Dwarf standards
D waifs
Climbing
Foicing in pots
New varieties
Specimens ..
from 1 5 J. dor.
,, los. 6ii. „
.> (s. ,,
,. fs- „
>• 3ii'. ,,
,, 5 J. each
The K0sg Citrdm, by Wm. Paul,
F.L.S., 8ih edition, with plates, 11s.
The same without plates, icj. €:tL
The Rose Annuoi, with plates, six
parts, ^s. each. Rosa in Pols. ,";th
edit'on, as. Roses and Rose Culture ,
5lh edition, u.
PAULS'-Hyacinths-WALTHAM CROSS.
Hyacinths for pots and
I glasses .. .. from i,s, doz.
' Hvacinths for bordeis „ 21.1. 100
Hyacinths, Roman, for
I early forcing .. 3J'. doz., 10s, 100
I Tulips for pots .. from u. doi-
I ,. ,, borders .. ,, is. ico
1 Polyanthus Narcissus . . 7S. M. doz.
i Crocus .. .. .. li. ixi. 100
Snowdrops, dbl. & single -is. 6d. 100
I Border Narciisi, Jonquils. Anem-
ones, Ranunculuses, Lilies, Gladioli^
Lily of the Valley, Spirxas, &c.,
cheap and good. See Catalogue.
PAULS'-Camellias-WALTHAM CROSS.
The largest and finest stock in
Europe. Good plants, from 21J. per
dozen ; specimens from i to 30 gs.
each.
Azaleas, Winter-blooming Heaths,
Epacrises, Gardenias, Stephanotis,
Lapagerias, and other Stove and
Greenhouse Plants.
Herbaceous Plants— a choice col-
lection.
PAULS'-Trees-WALTHAM CROSS.
Planes, Limes and other
Avenue and Park
trees.. .. .. fiom i2J. doz.
Weeping Trees .. „ 15^. „
Flowering Shrubs .. ,, 30J. ico
Evergreen . . . . ,, 50J. ,,
Pictorial Trees .. „ £$ „
Rhododendrons, Seed-
lings .. .. „ 25i. „
,, Named Sorts .. „ i8.r. doz.
Climbing Plants . . ,, 95. ,,
Planting done by £sii>nate
or Contract.
PAULS'-Seeds-WALTHAM CROSS.
Of every desciiption, of the first
quality, and low in price. Vege-
table Seeds, for autumn sowing : —
Peas, Beans, Cabbage. Cauliflower,
Carrot, Cress, Cucumber, Endive,
Lettuce, Mustard, Onion, Radish,
Spinach, Turnip, &c. Flower
Seecs, various, for autumn sowing :
—Cineraria. Calceolaria, Primula,
Cyclamen, Balsam, Aster, &c. The
finest florists' strains always on 5a1e.
Mushroom Spawn, 5J. per bushel.
Mats. Knives, Giovts, Tools and
every Garden Requisite.
Gladiolus Brenchleyensis, fine,
•}s. 6d. per roo, ts. ^d, per dozen.
PAULS'-FruitTrees-WALTHAM CROSS.
Apples, Pears, Cherries,
Plums, Standards, from 15J. doz.
,, Pyramids ,, 321. „
,, Dwarf-trained ,, 3&r. ,,
Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines,
Dwarf-trained, from 425. per doz.
,. Standard-trained. ic/6each.
Grape Vines, 2J. 6d. to 10s. 6d. each.
Figs. 21. 6d. to 3^. 6d. each.
Raspberries, from 125. 6d, per 100.
Strawberries, from 25. 6d per 100.
Filberts, from 6s. per dozen.
Currants and Gooseberries, from 3^.
per dozen.
Full Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUES will be fur-
warded, post-free, on application. Special and reduced prices
where large quantities are required.
WM. PAUL & SON,
WALTHAM CROSS, N.
SUTTONS'
CHOICE EXHIBITIOI
HYACINTHS.
We personally inspect the principal Bulb Farms of
Holland, and also make careful trials of the finest var-
.ieties of Hyacinths m our grounds. The varieties in-
cluded in the following Collections cannot be equalled.
SUTTONS'
C0LLECTI0N8ofHYACINTH8
FOR
POTS & GLASSES.
100 in 100 very choice sorts, carriage free . . £4 4 0
100 in 50 very choice sorts, carriage free . . 3 10 0
60 in 50 very choice sorts, carriage free . . 2 2 0
50 in 25 very choice sorts, carriage free . . 1 15 0
25 in 25 very choice sorts, carriage free .. 110
12 in 12 extra fine sorts 0 12 0
12 in 12 choice sorts 0 9 0
12 in 12 good sorts 0 6 0
SUTTONS'
" SPECIAL"
EXHIBIT0R8'C0LLECTI0N8
25 Sp'endid Hyacinths for Exhibition
12 Splendid Hyacinths for Exhibition
..£220
-.110
*' I have much pleasure in bearing testimony to the
splendid quality of the bulbs received from you. I was in
Covent Garden Market in Frebruary, and saw nothing to
te compared with my show of Hyacinths."— K. A. Jones,
Esq., Ma en Hi?:
•' The bulbs are again turning out first-rate, and give
entire satisfaction."— Mr. G. Lovell, Gardener to J.
Matthews, Esq., Foxbury.
" The Hyacinths had from you in the autumn q\ute
surpass my expectations, I never had them so fine before."
Mr. G. Ingram, Gardeiur to the Dowager Countess of
Aylesfoid, Offchurch^ Bury.
For Prices and full particulars see
SUTTONS' AUTUMN CATALOGUE,
Gratis and post-free on application.
SUTTON & SONS,
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
BEADING.
THK
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1883.
HYBRID RHUBARBS.
IN a recent number of the Revue Horti-
cole M. Baillon describes several hybrid
Rhubarbs which arose spontaneously in the
garden of the P'aculty of Medicine in Paris, as a
result of the intercrossing, by insect agency, of
Rheum Collinianum and R. officinale. Some
of these hybrids are of great beauty as regards
habit and the coloration of their flowers,
especially one figured under the name of
" F"lorentin." These hybrids are carefully
described, and it is stated that they are perfectly
fertile, but that some of the seedlings are so
different from their parents that botanists to
whom they have been shown have been led to
consider them distinct species in the sense in
which that word is now generally understood.
They are, in fact, more different from the stock
from which they sprung than are many so-called
species one from the other. These facts lead
M. Baillon to the inference that R. hybridum,
R. Collinianum, and even R. officinale and R.
palmatum may have originated (he does not say
they did) at some relatively not very remote
period from one and the same primitive stock. It
is curious to see that this opinion, though very
guardedly expressed, is offered with a quasi
apology, and that the Editor takes care to leave
the responsibility of such an heretical opinion
to his contributor. The idea of the derivative
origin of so-called species, which is now
almost universally admitted in principle by
naturalists, seems in France
spoken of with bated breath,
at any rate, are about the
in the world who should doubt the validity
of such a supposition. Their operations,
indeed, furnish collateral and indirect proof
of its correctness. At the same time the
vagaries of those who— not following the safe
ground of observation and experiment — con-
struct ideal pedigrees on very shallow premises
should not receive encouragement. Such specu-
lations may be permissible as matter for dis-
cussion and research among experts, with a view
to establishing their correctness or otherwise :
they are not permissible when they are put
forward by popular writers as established facts
to be accepted by an unenquiring public as
dogmas.
M. Baillon cites some passages from Lin-
naaus which have been generally overlooked, but
which show that the great Swedish naturalist con-
sidered Prunella laciniata to be descended from P.
vulgaris. Moreover, in describing four "species"
of Szo'!<^\m\x^ {Species Planlarum, ed. 2, 1763, p.
1050), he says that all these species doubtless
originated from one. In point of fact the so-
called " species of botanists " are mere convic-
tions—judgrtients Asa Gray aclls them. What
amount of truth there is in these imperfect
guesses we can never know till their gene-
alogy has been worked out. Genealogical
affinities constitute the basis of the natural
system — natural only in proportion to our
knowledge of the exact degree of affinity
between the several forms. It may seem to
still to be
Gardeners,
last persons
460
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 1883,
some a matter of no direct consequence whether
a particular form is called a species, in the old
sense of the term, or is considered to be the
descendant of a pre-existent species, according
to modern notions, or a hybrid between two
species. Such questions, in the eyes of some
folk, are mere playthings to amuse naturalists
and sharpen their faculties ; but it is held that
they are of no practical value, and that to
spend time over them is mere laborious trifling.
The gardener and the raiser of new varieties
know better, and those who are conversant with
the efforts that have been made to introduce the
Cinchona into India and the colonies will
remember, as a case in point, the discussion that
is in progress as to the real nature, specific or
hybrid, of a particular form of Cinchona.
Mincing Lane merchants would not trouble
themselves much about the scientific part of the
question ; but when, as in this case, it becomes
a matter of so much more alkaloid, representing
so much higher value, the matter assumes to
them an importance of a very practical
character.
The hybrid Rhubarb of which we have been
speaking must be propagated by division if it be
wished to keep the stock pure. The spring is
the best season for this operation, as that is the
period when the new roots begin to spring. All
these Rhubarbs are hardy and suitable for
decorative purposes. At the same time, M.
Baillon tells us the leaf-stalks are less sour
than those of the ordinary varieties, and there-
fore better suited for culinary purposes.
1-
MASDEVALLIA INFRACTA (Linil.) PURPUREA.
I HAVE lately seen many flowers of this variety,
kindly sent me by Sir Trevor Lawrence, and which
surpass anything I should have thought possible. It
has a far larger flower than any one seen before, and
it is of the brightest purple-mauve colour, having
but a very small whitish space over the ovary. H. G.
EM. f.
AfiRIDES LAWRENCI.E, K. sp*
The grand and unique Aerides, imported by lucky
Mr. F. Sander, has found its harbour in Sir Trevor
Lawrence's orchidic Eldorado, associated now with
innumerable treasures, having been purchased, I be-
lieve, at the highest price ever paid for an Orchid,
after a very spirited competition (see No. 508, Sep-
tember 22, 1S83, p. 36S, column 3), September 19.
One of my best correspondents tells me the price
was rather moderate, so great is the actual desire for
some gorgeous, extraordinary existing novelties
amidst the habituh of Stevens' rooms.
I am thankful to say that the entire grand inflores-
cence is at my side. As it is, it is very well marked,
though — post equilem sedet atra cura — we must learn
by other inflorescences whether the features we admire
to-day will prove constant.
No doubt it ranks close to old Aerides odoratum.
It is far superior to it in the dimensions of the flower.
The mid lacinia of the lip boasts basilar side lobules,
the spur is far longer than in any Aerides odoratum I
ever saw, and the calli in its throat are apparently dis-
tinct ; add to this, that the two longitudinal stripes of
the disc of the lip are peculiar. The side lacinia of
the lip, oblong dolabriform as they are, appear very
high. I am informed the veteran, J. Bateman, Esq.,
compared them to the well-known high collar of an
illustrious English statesman, who appeared lately on
the Baltic shores. It is a high satisfaction for me to
dedicate this plant to Lady Lawrence, whom I have
had the good luck to see amidst her beloved flowers,
quite a connoissaiy^ and who is considered to afford the
• Aerides Lawrenci^, n. sp. — Racemo eloDgato denso multi-
floro ; sepalo imparl cuneato oblongo obtuso ; sepalis lateralibus
latioribus ; tepaiis cuneato ligulatis obtusis ; labelli laciniis
lateralibus oblongo-dolabratis altis : lacinia mediana ligulata
denticulata crispuia obtuse acuta utrinque basi lobulata ; calcari
conico acute incurvo, carinula trilobula antice iuclusa, callis
geminis crassis postice. Ill, Dominae Lawrence dicatum ; ex
Asia tropica importatum. H. G. Kchh.f,
most ardent stimulus to Sir Trevor's love for Aerides,
always desiring the progress of the grand collection of
Burford Lodge.
We may easily describe the inflorescence. A
glorious Aerides raceme, surpassing a foot's length,
having flowers nearly as large as those of Aerides
crispum, but near those of Aerides odoratum, first
with greenish, then white, finally yellowish ground-
coloured sepals, the petals flushed at the ends with fine
purple, mid lacinia excluding basilar side lobules of
same purple, sending two purple lines to the mouth of
the spur. End of the spur green. This is the cele-
brated much talked of Aerides. H, G, Rchb. f.
JAPANESE FERNS.
Among the most striking and acceptable of recent
introductions are the rhizomes of the new Davallia
Mariesii, trained in various grotesque ways, and which
have found their way into a few gardens during the
last year. They come from a certain district in Japan,
where the Fern in question forms one of the principal
plants for indoor cultivation, the hardiness of its nature
and its tenacity of life admirably adapting it for culti-
vation in dwelling-houses, arbours, and even in the
open garden. A correspondent in Japan writes : —
" This Davallia is one of the hardiest and most useful
Ferns we have ; it grows in this district on the bare
rocks exposed to the full glare of the sun in the hot
weather and to all the inclemency of the weather in
the cold season. It s not, therefore, to be wondered
at that after it has lent itself to be trained into all
sorts of fanciful forms by the natives, it should grow
luxuriantly when a little care and attention is given
it." Experiments during the last year prove that the
plant is as useful in this country as in Japan, it appear-
ing to thrive equally well in stove, greenhouse,
dwelling-house, or outside windows or verandas.
Plant growers are always on the look-out for hanging
plants which do not require much attention, and here
they have the very thing they seek. It has been stated
that this plant is quite hardy in this country, as it
comes from where the Aucuba and Euonymus grow
wild ; a slight protection, however, would be advisable.
Our illustration (fig. 69) was taken from Mr. James
O'Brien's plants at Harrow-on-the-Hill, Mr. O'Brien
having ventured on a large importation of them in
spite of the inevitable risks and losses entailed by a
ninety days' journey.
NOTES FROM BROCKHURST.
Narcissus (Corbularia) bulbocodium (the
Hoop-petticoat Narcissus) has been the subject of
many communications to the horticultural journals of
late, and is more and more appreciated from year to
year. Its hardiness in our climate has, however, been
much questioned, and is still in debate. For my own
part I believe it to be hardy in light soils and warm
situations, having proof hereof for four or five years in
some cases. A little circumstance came under my
notice a few days ago which may throw some light
on this question. My gardener was overhauling last
year's Narcissus which had been bloomed in pots,
and turned out two small lots of N. Bulbocodium,
which had attracted our attention last spring. They
were purchased from Hartland, of Cork, and he in-
forms me that the bulbs had been collected in North
Africa. A dozen bulbs yielded three distinct varieties,
and we therefore preserved the pots carefully. On
turning out the bulbs it was found that each of the
old tunics which had coated the bulbs was filled with
bulblets, no less than forty-two being now yielded by
them, three or four of which are good medium size,
fit to bloom in the spring. All these bulblets are of
perfect form, without flattened sides, as is the case
with Narcissi under similar conditions. Here, then,
is, I believe, the reason why this Narcissus fails to
show itself hardy when planted out in gardens. If a
group of large, ripe, imported bulbs is planted, it
flowers profusely the first year. We are told that
bulbs are not roots, but buds, and thus a bulb blooms
and that bud is over for flowering purposes. The
bulbs all break up into bulblets, and the tunics are
thus filled with their progeny. Most of these are too
small to bloom the next season, and thus the spot is
blank of flowers, and shows only grass-like foliage,
easily overlooked, and it is taken for granted that the
plants are dead. In warm sandy situations these
bulblets will grow into bulbs, and flower the following
season but one. This is, I believe, the true course of
growth with this Corbularia. It is much more like an
Amaryllis than a Daffodil in its flower, and again in
its bulb history it also more nearly resembles it. The
special requirements of its culture should be studied
accordingly.
Indian Primulas.— If the cold wet weather had
not come upon us we should have had a fine show of
bloom on the Indian Primulacese this autumn. The
plants have all made extraordinary growth, the den-
ticulatas and cashmirianas carrying leaves 15 inches
long. Deep in the rosettes were dense clusters of
buds, and the stalks were just lifting them up when
the rains set in. In almost every case they have now
all rotted away. This shows us that these interesting
plants should always be covered as soon as the buds
are set ; they cannot stand our cold damp rains, and
seldom mature a good flower-truss without protection ;
in other respects they thrive in our climate.
Primula obconica astonishes me with its flori-
ferousness. Our plants, as previously noted, were
grown from seed sown in March last, and they have
for the last two months flowered continuously. One
plant now carries six flower-stalks, with good trusses of
pale pink flowers, and is setting its seed abundantly.
The plants are all in the open garden ; it would pro-
bably do better still in a cool greenhouse. A friend
to whom I sent a plant in bloom was greatly pleased
with it, and wrote me that it reminded him of P.
sinensis on its first introduction, and before the
florists had improved it. I have no doubt it has a
great future before it, P. capitata is now blooming
from plants grown from seed sown in March last.
NiCOTiANA AFFINIS has also bloomed continuously
in the open garden for the last three months ; at
evening its flowers are very fragrant. Helleborus
niger (altifolius) is in bud, and will bloom in a week
or so; it is thus many weeks earlier than H. n.
angustifolius. IVm. Brockbank^ Brockhurst^ Dids-
Intry^ Oct, 6.
FRUIT TREES ON POOR SOILS.
The Cultivation of Fruit Trees in Poor
Soil on the Genoese Riviera and in Eng-
land.— My garden in Surrey is on the borders of
Woking Common, in a poor, sandy soil. It grows
Heather, Gorse, Conifers, Birch, very successfully,
which says something for it as a poor soil. I have
recently passed through the province of Friesland in
North Holland, and found that an apparently similar
geological formation (sandy) for 40 or 50 miles could
only manage to grow Heather about 2 inches high. I
scarcely thought before that Heather could exist and
cover the land in so stunted, mangy a form. I know
of no such stunted Heather in the British Isles ;
the Dutch soil must contain scarcely any vegetable
mould.
Fruit trees, Apples, Pears, Plums, grow in oui
sandy soil, form tolerably large leafy trees, but seldom
produce any fruit. The flowers form in profusion
and expand, the fruit sets, and then it generally falls
off, most frequently under the influence of a late spring
frost, I and my neighbours similarly situated have
accepted the explanation, that our spring frosts are
worse than those of other people, and that this is the
reason of our failure to produce a fruit crop year after
year. I have cultivated many fruit trees for more
than twenty years, on espalier and in the open, of
various kinds, early and late, with the same dis-
couraging result. We have pruned, mulched, and
used liquid manure, all to no purpose. Thus, I have
been led to depend all but exclusively on Grapes or
Peaches grown under glass.
At last I bethought me two years ago of trying
the system adopted at Mentone and elsewhere, on the
Genoese Riviera, for the cultivation of Lemon,
Orange, and Olive trees. These trees grow in a shal-
low calcareous soil lying on limestone on mountain
terraces, some 10 or 14 feet broad, rising tier above
tier. If left to themselves they form handsome trees,
full of foliage and of flowers, but do not produce
fruit, or, at least, fruit worth gathering. The trees
— at least the Lemon and Orange trees — are planted
very near to each other, say at a distance of from 5 to
10 feet, in order, it is said, that their branches may
meet and screen the soil from the scorching,
drying rays of the sun. To produce saleable fruit
they have to be watered every fortnight, and root-
pruned and manured every two years. This is
October 13, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
461
done in a peculiar manner, A circular trench is duR
about 2 or 3 feet from the trunk of the tree, about
18 inches deep, and 2 feet wide, according to the age
of the tree. The larger roots are severed and the
soil removed. The trench is then filled with soil
mixed with manure, principally human, often mingled
with old woollen rags. Horse-shoe parings are held
in great esteem. The dose is a kilogramme {2^ lb.)
to each tree. Its manurial virtue is said to extend
over several years — five or six.
At first it would seem as if this very severe root-
pruning would be destructive to the trees, but it is
not so. They do not seem to suffer in the least,
made 2 feet from the trunk of the trees, 18 inches
wide and 18 inches deep. This trench was filled
with a compost, one part rotten manure, two parts
good loam. The result was most gratifying : the next
summer, as also this, these trees have produced a
good crop of fine healthy I'ears. They neither fell
o(f with the spring frosts, nor shrivelled up later, but
matured perfectly. The fruit-buds being more vigorous
have withstood all trials, and formed good ripe fruit.
Encouraged by this result I have this autumn
treated all my fruit trees in the same way, but using
equal parts loam and manure. In doing so I think I
have brought clearly to light the reason why they have
spring equinoctial rains from those of the autumn.
I have found it equally necessary here. It will not
do to depend on the slight summer rain. For want
of it last August my Pears ceased to swell, and began
to crack. This is easily understood, for the roots in
the manured trench are in a pot, as it were, and must
soon exhaust the contained moisture. On the
Genoese Riviera the trench manuring is repeated
every two years, and generally in the same place, the
distance from the tree depending on its age ; but the
trench is seldom more than 3 feet distant from the
tree, whatever its age and size. I am taking off the
soil from the surface around the tree to a depth of
Fig. 69.— davallia mariesii in grotesque forms, (see p. 460,)
and become very luxuriant afterwards, full of healthy
foliage, and produce a good crop of saleable fruit.
I am told that the root-pruning presents two great
advantages, firstly, were it not resorted to, the trees,
being planted so near together, would throw out long
roots, all but destitute of small fibres, which would
form a tangled mat of unproductive roots around the
trees. Secondly, the long roots being severed, a mass
of small fibrous roots is at once formed, which
penetrates into the richly manured soil, gives food to
the trees, and secures the formation of vigorous fruit
buds.
Following this example, two years ago I trenched
in the way described two Pear trees, about ten years
old, which had never produced any fruit — a Beurre
Superfin and a Beurre d'Amanlis. The trench was
not fruited hitherto. I found that they had all made
from three to half-a-dozen roots as thick as the finger
or thumb. These roots had rushed away from the
tree, 6 or 8 feet or more, into the poor surrounding
soil, evidently in the search for nourishment. Thus,
all our mulching and liquid manuring around and at
the base of the trees was lost labour ; the roots were
not there — they had gone off far away, beyond reach.
They found enough nourishment to keep the trees
alive, to furnish leaves and flowers, but not enough
to secure the fruit crop.
I would remark that when trees are thus treated
they require regular watering all throughout the
summer. This is always done on the Genoese
Riviera, in the Lemon plantations, every fortnight, as
stated, during the dry season which separates the
about 6 inches, and replacing it by a rich compost. I
presume that the roots severed will not only throw
out rootlets in the manured soil of the trench, but
also between it and the trunk.
A gentleman whom I met a short time ago
at the charming excursion of the Horticultural Club
to Dropmore and to Cliveden, and to whom I
mentioned these facts, said they were well known to
the horticultural world. He had often made sterile
fruit trees bear by severe root-pruning. He added
that when it was adopted with trees of a certain size
it was more prudent to only root-prune on one-half of
the circumference the first year, and to complete the
other half the next. In such cases he had known the
pruned half to bear ripe fruit, whilst on the unpruned
half of the tree the fruit dropped, or it remained
462
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[October 13, 18
sterile. I have acted on this suggestion in pruning
my sterile trees this autumn. I question, however,
whether the trench system as practised in my Lemon
terraces at Mentone is known and adopted in the
North, and that is my reason for bringing it before the
horticultural world — it is so thorough. It would have
been perhaps better to wait and see the result of the
treatment made this autumn ; but then it would have
taken a year or two to arrive at any results, and by
thus rushing into print I may enlist other experi-
mentalists in the cause. I may also be fortunate enough
to elicit the opinions and experience of some wise
fruit growers in similar regions to my own. My neigh-
bours certainly do not seem to be able to meet the
difficulty presented by a poor sandy soil any better
than I have been. The other day I walked through
the grounds of a prominent horticulturist, and saw a
whole orchard of Pear trees, grown for sale, without a
Pear on them.
I have recently returned from a tour in North Hol-
land, with an increased appreciation of the value of
manure both horticulturally and agriculturally. At
Haarlem Mr. Krelage, the owner of the extensive
Hyacinth farms, told me that he used from 3000 to
4000 fr. worth {.1C120 to £\(>o) of cow-manure to pre-
pare a hectare of land (2} acres) for the cultivation of
Hyacinths, and more manure was required if the same
ground was to be used again for the same purpose.
The second year it would do for Tulips, but not for
Hyacinths. In North Holland, which is all but exclu-
sively devoted to pasture, I saw masses of manure
applied to the land. I was told that the cattle are siall-
fed in winter, and that all the manure they make is
applied to the grass-land. In my summer home at
VVeybridge I preserve preciously, in a cemented
tank, every ounce of house drainage, and at 6 o'clock
every morning it is distributed by means of a barrow-
tank over the grounds. Everything it touches is
benefited — not only the grass and the flowers, but the
Conifers, the Rhododendrons, the Broom, the Gorse,
and the Heather, for I have 2 acres of cultivated
wood. A double ventilating shaft from the cesspool,
up the stable chimney, frees me from all unpleasant-
ness. Clearly manure is the key to successful cultiva- '
tion in sterile sandy soils, and I mean henceforth to
use twice as much as I have ever used before. Henry
Bennet, M.D., The Ferns, Wcyhndge, Sept. 10.
EDINBURGH NOTES.
Flowering Shrubs, &c.— Now that the mania
for the exclusive use of bedding plants is dying out,
there must be a difficulty in many a garden as to what
is to take their place. Beds and borders of herbaceous
plants require constant attention, and also a degree of
knowledge and experience as to their management,
which is unfortunately not too common. Much may
be done by supplementing these herbaceous plants by
a much larger use of flowering and fine-foliaged shrubs
than is usually done. Once planted in ground so well
prepared as to be both deep and rich, the work is
done for years ; and beyond occasional pruning, thin-
ning out, or top-dressing, the shrubs require but little
further attention.
Many good and rare shrubs are to be found about
Edinburgh, which, from its climate, is no bad trial
ground as to their hardiness, for if hardy here they
are sure to be hardy in the more southern parts of the
country. But many a shrub grown under glass here
may be grown out-of-doors with good chance of suc-
cess in a climate like that of the south-east coast of
Ireland. The Comely Bank Nursery, from the many
rare and curious plants to be found there, resembles a
botanic garden almost as much as it does a nursery,
many such plants finding a home there for years, even
when there was little or no demand for them. A variety
of Magnolia grandiflora called ferruginea undulata has
deep green, very glossy leaves, which while young
are brown at the back. They last remarkably well in
water. The blossom is large and cup-shaped, produced
late in summer. Though usually grown under glass
here it proved fairly hardy on a wall, not having
been quite killed even in the hardest winters. Several
other hardy Magnolias are grown here, amongst which
are M. conspicua, pure white ; M. Soulangeana,
pinkish-white ; M. Thompsoniana, which flowers
most of the summer and autumn.
The Japanese Loquat tree, Eriobotrya japonica,
with a leaf like that of the sweet Chestnut, has
proved hardy during all but exceptionally severe
winters ; Andromeda formosa (hardy in the south-
east of Ireland, though not so here) and Myrica cali-
fornica, which if as hardy as M. pennsylvanica, may
also be grown out-ofdoors in the South ; the silver-
leaved Rhamnus alaternus, an old plant now com-
paratively rare ; Buddleia globosa, and B. Lindleyana,
with a purplish blossom ; Escallonia pterocladon, the
waxy flowers of which are like a white Epacris, and
the leaf small ; Escallonia montevidensis, with a
large cluster of white flowers, as well as several other
varieties ; Hydrangea quercifolia, with deeply lobed
oblong leaves, like large Oak leaves, an old hardy
plant ; and if the variegated Elaeagnus is hardy in the
South is would be well worth growing ; and the same
may be said of Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, also grown
under glass here ; it is a singular looking plant, well
described by its name. Olea ilicifolia is fairly hardy,
but O. fragrans is more tender. Eurya latifolia varie-
gata, though not hardy here, might be hardy in the
South, and worth trying, as it is well variegated.
Skimmia lauriola, the foliage of which is like Spurge
Laurel, and very aromatic, would probably be good
for underwood ; it is about 2 feet high. Ligustrum
coriaceum, with deep green, thick, glossy leaves, is
distinct ; and L. latifolium novum, having leaves
exactly like those of a Camellia, is probably quite
hardy, Rhus glabra laciniata has a pretty leaf, which
fades off to scarlet in autumn ; and from its Lycopod-
like foliage, Thuiopsis laetevirens is well worth
growing. Lonicera grata lasts long in flower
during the summer, and its blossoms, shaded with
deep crimson, are fine ; L. fragrantissima is useful,
as it flowers in early spring. Stauntonia lati-
folia, grown here as a conservatory climber,
would be sure to be hardy in the south, as it is so
here except in very severe seasons ; it flowers in spring
and is very sweet-scented. Viburnum macrocephalum
also flowers early, and from the very large size of the
bunches of blossom must be worthy of a place in
every collection. Berberis Fortunei has foliage like
an Aralia. The branch-like leaves of Aralia japonica
here grow to the immense size of about 5i feet long,
by nearly 5 feet wide. It blossoms in the autumn,
but sometimes not early enough to flower well. Such
old plants as the Carolina Allspice, the flowering
Gooseberry (Ribes speciosum), the Siberian Crab,, with
bright red Cherry-like fruit, and the winter flowering
Chimonanthus fragrans, are to be found here ; also
various kinds of Ivy, including amongst others H.
Caenwoodiana, H. dentala, with large pointed
leaves and strikingly imbricated foliage ; H. atro-
purpurea, which turns purple in autumn ; H. ma-
derensis variegata, and H. Cavendishii, both
good silver variegated forms. Cotoneaster rupestris is
an excellent kind for rockwork. EpigEea repens, the
May-flower, grows luxuriantly here in pure peat ;
though hardy, it blossoms better when grown under
cap-glasses in winter. Yucca filamentosa variegata is
also protected by cap-glasses in winter, and thrives
well. Y. recurva and Y. gloriosa glauca are good
hardy kinds, the latter being an improvement on the
type. A plant of Y. aloifolia, over 6 feet high, in
one of the houses, is very effective, but this species is
not hardy here. Daphnehybridais hardyagainsta wall ;
it has very sweet-scented pink flowers. Genista
prrecox with its numerous small lemon-coloured
flowers, is quite distinct from the cream-coloured form
of the common Broom. Though not coming under the
head of shrubs, a very frequent form of herbaceous
PEeony, called Queen Victoria, may be mentioned. The
blossoms are white, slightly tipped with red ; also a
white Carnation, good both in flower and foliage
(\V. P. Milne). Amongst Spiraeas grown here is S.
callosa alba, from I foot to 2 feet high, whicli flowers
profusely in Augustc ; also S. Thunbergii, rather like
a Bamboo in foliage ; and S. Douglasii. There are
also some good varieties of Ceanothus, including C.
Gloire de Versailles, C. dentatus, C. divaricatus, C.
Lobbii, &c. Amongst Oaks the variegated Turkey
Oak and Quercus glabra, with a leaf more like that
of a Magnolia than of an Oak, are very distinct.
Prunus Pissardi is a good addition to dark-leaved
shrubs. Perhaps one of the rarest shrubs to be found
here is Edwardsia speciosa, growing out-of-doors in a
well-sheltered corner against a wall ; the foliage is
like that of a Clianthus.
One of the specialities of this interesting garden is its
Hollies, of which Mr. Eraser grows considerably over
fifty varieties. About half an acre of Golden Queen
Holly, from i to ij foot high, is a pretty sight. Ilex
madeirensis is a very hardy kind, but if required to
berry care should be taken to get the lighter green of
the two green forms, as the other does not berry here.
Two of the species most unlike ordinary Hollies are
Ilex Fortunei (crenata), with foliage like that of a
Pernettya, which it also resembles in its habit of
growth ; and I. latifolia, the foliage of which is
curiously like that of a Magnolia. This Holly here
requires the protection of a wall. C M, Owen,
{To be eontitiued.)
NEW ROSES.
This is in many ways a thorny subject, for the new
varieties are so numerous, and the expectations of the
raisers being as extravagant as their descriptions, when
one comes fairly to examine them and test the promise
by the reality there must be a large percentage of
worthless rubbish struck off. Consequently not
only is disappointment sure to be felt but all kinds of
insinuations are made as to the reasons of the dis-
paraging remarks that are made on these so-called
novelties. Let me illustrate this by one fact. A gen-
tleman well known in the Rose world, Mr. Hinton, of
Warminster, is conducting in the pages of the Journal
of Horticulture the election of the best twenty-four new
Roses of the last few years, but he has been compelled
to include in the range of years 1877, in which year
A. K. Williams, Gabriel Luizet and Madame
Lambard were introduced to commerce, and although
the lists have not yet been published I venture to
prophesy, notwithstanding Abraham Lincoln's ap-
pearance, that these three will hold the highest places ;
and yet in those six years there have been on an
average between sixty and seventy Roses sent out
in France, besides those sent out by our English
raisers. I venture to] think that it will be an
extremely difficult thing to find, besides those
mentioned, that six first-class exhibition Roses have
been sent into commerce, and this from a plethoric
list of between 300 and 400 Roses. No wonder then
that growers now are no longer captivated by high-
sounding phrases, and prefer to wail until they can
see whether they deserve the laudations given them.
Another thorny part of the subject is that referred to
in the following letter, which I have received from
one of the most honest of the French growers, and
which I think it best to give in his own words. After
mentioning several Roses, such as Marguerite Brassac,
he says : — "Most of these are not considered by us
as seedlings, but accidentally fixed and sold for new
Roses, which was not fair when found inferior ; and I
regret much that this is done also in England, in
the same way, only instead of changing the name an
additional one has been added, such as Climbing
Jules Margottin, Climbing Victor Verdier, Climbing
Charles Lefebvre. I have this season found many
among my Roses a good many going out of the
ordinary way of growth, which I might with as much
reason call Climbing Comtesse d'Oxford, Climbing
Captain Christy, &c. This is always at the expense
of the flowers, which are always much smaller.
There are many, too, in the catalogues I have which
are sports, often inferior to the type, although some-
times good ; such, for example, is Merveille de Lyon,
Mabel Morrison, and White Baroness. I do not
believe that any of these are seedlings (Mr. Paul dis-
tinctly calls White Baroness a sport) ; all the three
are accidentally fixed or sports, and the best is
undoubtedly Merveille de Lyon as long as it will stand
double, and continue as white as it is. Sports occur,
and in two remarkable ways, in the growth of the
plant and perfection of the flower. There is such an
infinite variety in Nature that we are obliged to take
into consideration these variations. Those who sell
new Roses should always say whether they are
seedlings or not, A new Rose to be called so
should have a new origin, otherwise it is a varia-
tion of the same. Baronne Prevost, Due d'Orleans,
and Orderic Vital, are all the same, only changed
in colour. Duchesse de Cambaceres and Belle de
Printemps are the same, and these facts should
be distinctly stated when so-called new Roses are
sent out."
The Roses sent out in the autumn of 1882 were, I
believe, on the whole, as inferior a batch as the
French raisers have sent us for many years. A very
experienced horticulturist, not himself a raiser of
seedling Roses, has noticed the following. It will be
seen that there are on his list five hybrid perpetuals,
not one of which, except Merveille de Lyon, have we
seen ; and, according to my first correspondent, this
is only a sport on which no dependence can be
placed, as we know how readily they deteriorate. It
is, as we have seen it, fuller than Mabel Morrison,
and bears a close resemblance to Messrs. Paul &
Son's White Baroness — the other.
Madame Eugene Labruyere (Gonod). — This is said
to be large, good shape, rose, with a yellowish tint.
Gonod has never yet given us a Rose worth having.
His name does not occur as affixed to one of those
in the National Rose Society's catalogue, either
amongst the Teas or Hybrid Perpetuals, so that I
i
October 13. 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
463
should be very doubtful of the present addition to the
lists of the following by the same raiser : —
Madame Adrlene de Meynct, which is described as
a large vivid cherry-red ; this may mean anything.
Alexander Dupont (Linbaud). — This is said to be
large and of good shape, purplish-scarlet, shaded
crimson, suggestive of Jean Liabaud.
Centenairede Camoens{Deas). — This is a new name
to me as a raiser. The Rose is described as large,
full, fine shape, velvety-crimson, shaded purple ; very
fine, scarce. I have not seen it as yet.
Of the Teas there are : —
The Hon. Edith Gifford (Sisley). — A promising
Rose, large, full, of fine shape, fleshy-white, centre
slightly yellowish and pink.
Madame Eugene Verdier (Levet). — Another of the
name makes it rather confusing, as we have it already
amongst the H.P.'s ; good shape, dark salmony-
yellow, new colour.
Souvenir de Thercse Levet (Levet). — Large, fine,
scailet shaded amber. If this be a true description,
and it is really a Tea — and not a hybrid Tea — it is
introducing quite a new colour amongst the Tea
Roses, whether to their advantage is questionable.
Of the Roses to be sent out in November, I have
notices of the following — the descriptions are those of
the raisers, and must be taken with reservation.
Of hybrid perpetuals there are : —
Julie Gaulain (Liabaud). — Large, nearly full, dark
rose, slightly yellowish ; these nearly full Roses are
seldom satisfactory.
Louise Chretien (Liabaud). — Large, full, globular,
dark rose, slightly yellowish.
Louise Aunir (Liabaud). — Large, dark scarlet,
probably of the Jean Liabaud family,
Avocat Lambert (Bresson). — Full, line shape, deli-
cate rose, with whitish centre.
Madame Delleram (Bresson). — Large, fine shape,
pure white, sometimes shaded pink.
Souvenir de Leon Gambetta (Gonod). — \'ery large,
fine shape, beautiful crimson.
Eclair (Lacharme). — Large, full, fine shape, round,
vivid scarlet.
Alphonse Soupert (Lacharme). — Large, full, shape
and size of La Reine, vivid pure rose. Lacharme has
given us so many good Roses, and seldom any bad
ones, that one is always hopeful of his novelties.
Teas.
Edward (lautier (Ducher). — Medium size, full,
good shape, white with dark yellow centre, slightly
pink on the outer petals.
Baronne de Sinety (Gonod). — Large, full, globular,
fine shape, yellow, darker centre, outer petals slightly
shaded with pink,
Madame de Watteville (Guillot). — Large, full, fine
shape, white, slightly shaded salmon, yellow, edged
with bright-pink.
Clothilde Soupert (Level). — Large, very full,
carmine-pink.
Besides these Guillot announces a hybrid Tea —
Antoine Mermet, which is said to be very large, full,
fine shape, dark carmine-pink, slightly shaded with
white. There is also apparently a good addition to
the charming little polyantha Roses in
Perle d'Or (Rambaud), said to be as dwarf as
Paquerette, very free bloom, light yellow, darker
centre, whitish edges, the first of this colour in the
polyantha tribe.
Our English raisers do not seem to have many
novelties to send out — the only one of any account
that I have seen is
Lord Frederick Cavendish. — This is sent out by
Mr. Frettingham, of Beeston, near Nottingham. It
was exhibited at Liverpool at the show of the Wirral
Rose Society, where it obtained the National Rose
Society's Gold Medal. It is a fine flower, of the Duke
of Edinburgh and Duke of Teck type, brilliant
dazzling scarlet in colour, globular, and finely finished.
The petals are pointed, growth very robust, and likely
to be a favourite show Rose.
Duchess of Connaught, raised by Mr. Noble, of
Bagshot, is likely to be a valuable decorative Rose".
It is a very free bloomer, bright crimson, shaded
with dark velvety-purple, and I have seen blooms
of it quite suitable for exhibition.
It may be asked what about Her Majesty? I
believe I ara correct in saying that it will not be put
into commerce yet. Rose growers take matters much
more quietly about novelties than they were wont to
do. It is, indeed, very difficult to imagine anything
more lovely than some of the Roses we now have.
The clamour for size I conceive to be a mistake, and
a large overgrown Rose, however brilliant in colour,
destroys the evenness of a stand. I do not think we
require anything larger than what we already have.
There are a lew desiderata we still look for, but
anything very marvellous I for one hardly anticipate.
Wild Rose.
ASTERS.
From Mr. Ware comes a scries of fine Michaelmas
Daisies, of which we note the most prominent cha-
racters from a horticithural point of view, without
taking any responsibility as to the correctness of the
names : —
Aster amellus Bessarahicus.— A tall form,
with rough oblong obtuse leaves 2 inches long by
\ inch in width, and with terminal corymbs of slaty-
blue flower-heads l^ inch across, and surrounded by
a cylindrical involucre of many rows of oblong obtuse
leafy bracts, recurved at the tips ; one of the hand-
somest forms.
Aster amellus var. Casstdicus. — A tall
form, with lanceolate pointed leaves, rounded at the
base, and with terminal flower-heads i\ inch across,
the rays oblong. Very like the preceding, but with
smaller flower-heads ; rather less attractive.
Aster amellus roseus.— A form with rough
lanceolate pointed leaves, 2 inches by ^ inch, and
loose terminal corymbs of lilac flower-heads, each
about i^ inch across. Bracts oblong, pointed, purple
at the tips.
Aster nov.^vAngll^;. — A tall, much branched
form, with sessile lanceolate rough leaves, auriclad at
the base, and with terminal corymbs of numerous
rosy-lilac flower-heads, each about an inch across,
with narrow rays. The involucre is cylindrical, con-
sisting of many rows of small narrow and sharply
pointed bracts.
Aster formosissimus. — A tali, much-branched
form, with smooth lanceolate leaves and terminal
panicles of pale violet flower-heads, each about half
an inch across, and surrounded by a cylindrical invo-
lucre of numerous rows of small oblong acute bracts.
Aster versicolor. — A tall, much branched form,
with smooth lanceolate leaves, 3 inches by ^ inch,
and terminal, many-flowered long clusters of flower-
heads, each about three-quarters of an inch across
the rays, some of the heads white, in others pale
lilac. The bracts of the cylindrical involucre very
small, linear tightly packed, and scarcely reflexed at
the points.
Aster dumosus. — A lall, much-branched form,
with smooth lanceolate leaves, rounded at the base,
2 inches by \ inch. Flower-heads numerous along
the ends of the branches, each about half an inch
across ; rays narrow oblong, pointed, slaty-blue.
The bracts of the cylindrical involucre are in many
rows, small, oblong acute, tightly packed, and not
recurved at the tips.
Erigeron salsuginosus (?). — A much branched
plant, with loosely arranged leaves, 4 inches long by
half an inch wide, oblong-obtuse, smooth. The flower-
heads are relatively few terminal, each on a long,
nearly leafless stalk, about i\ inch across, with linear
rays of a very pale lilac colour, and surrounded by a
cup-shaped involucre of numerous linear-acuminate
hairy bracts in few rows.
Aster turbinellus. — A form with numerous
loosely spreading very slender wiry branches, with
narrow, lanceolate, smooth leaves, 2 inches long, half
an inch broad, the leaves diminishing in size upwards.
The flower-heads are loosely arranged along the ends
of the wire-like stalks, each three-quarters of an inch
wide, the rays pale lilac, surrounded by an elongated
cup-like involucre of narrow, pointed, closely packed
bracts.
Aster versicolor. — A form of medium height,
with lanceolate smooth leaves, l^ inch by ^ inch.
The flower-heads are on short stalks along the ends of
the branche?, each three-quarters of an inch long,
pale or deep violet, surrounded by an elongated cup-
shaped involucre of numerous small linear, closely
packed bracts.
Aster discolor. — Much branched. Leaves
2 inches by \ inch, smooth, lanceolate, acuminate,
undulate. Flower-heads very numerous along the
ends of the branches on short stalks thickly set with
small leaves, each flower-head half an inch across,
white and violet, surrounded by a cup-shaped invo-
lucre o( minute linear-pointed bracts, not reflexed at
the tips. A pretty form, with profuse flowers.
Aster longifolius formosus. — Leaves smooth,
2 inches by ;j inch, lanceolate. Flower-heads very
numerous along the ends of the branches, stalks with
numerous small leaves, arranged in corymbose fashion,
each half an inch across, pale lilac, surrounded by a
cup-shaped involucre of linear, closely-pac'^ed bract?,
not recurved at the tips.
DOGMERSFIELD PARK.
For sixteen years past the gardens at Dogmersfield
Park have been thrown open to the public on three
successive Mondays in August and September, and
this act of kindness on the part of Sir Henry St. John
Mildmay, Bart., is greatly appreciated by the residents
of Odiham, Winchfield, and district, who go there in
large numbers, and who annually find something
fresh and attrac'ive to admire. The fruit gardens
have long been famous for the fine Apples and Pears
grown by Mr, \V. Fowie, and with which he has
taken many leading prizes at the London exhibitions.
There is a very fine display this year both on the walls
and pyramid trees ; the latter, planted near the kitchen
garden walks, have a very fine show of fruit. In this
garden there are a number of rustic arches, with
various-coloured Clematises trained over them, that
have a very pretty effect, having flowered with
remarkable freedom.
One of the most novel features in what is termed
by the residents the " dress " part of the gardens are
two borders, each about 200 yards in length, planted
with Ilerniaria glabra, which covers the ground, and
about it are planted small specimens of the golden,
silver, and green-leaved Retinosporas ; between them,
here and there, are dotted little clumps of Fuchsias,
scarlet Begonias, double Zinnias, and white Asters,
the whole backed up with a Yew hedge, forming a
dense evergreen wall 8 feet in height and certainly
unique in appearance. Beyond these borders are fine
masses of single Dahlias, Fuchsias, Abutilons, &c.,
and large beds of Sunflowers. The broad walk is
laid out in semicircles filled with various coloured
Pelargoniums, Calceolarias, Ageratums, &c., with a
wide border of Sedum Telephium. These beds are
all edged with Lonicera aureo reticulata, the spaces
between being filled up with Dell's dark-leaved Beet.
These borders are about 300 yards long, with a Holly
hedge for the background the same height as the Yew
hedge. The beds in the flower garden are of various
designs on grass, and in four divisions. In the centre
of each division is a raised ornamental bed of oblong
form filled with some of the best varieties of Fuchsias,
with a margin of single and double Ivy-leaved Pelar-
goniums. There are also eight circular beds that are
most conspicuous by reason of having large clumps
of the scarlet Lobelia fulgens, surrounded with Pelar-
goniums Flower of the Day, Golden Harry Hieover,
The Shah, and others. Another arrangement is com-
posed of the pretty variegated grass, Dactylis glome-
rata variegata, the white variety, with belts of the
pretty dwarf Iresine Wallichi. The carpet beds are
filled with the best varieties of Alternanthera, Mesem-
bryanthemum cordifolium variegatum, &c. The
edgings and groundwork are formed of Herniaria
glabra.
In the conservatory there are some beautiful speci-
mens of various-coloured Begonias, Palms, Tree
Ferns, Liliums, &c. The fernery, adjoining the con-
servatory, is a new feature, having been extended and
remodelled ; the Ferns are planted out in bark-covcrcd
borders, one above the other, to the top of the house,
and the plants appear to be so much at home as to
form one dense luxuriant bank.
The pleasure-grounds always come in for a conti-
derable share of admiration from visitors. There are
fine specimens of trees and shrubs in the pinetum and
other parts of the grounds. The grass sward is well
kept, and the surroundings nicely ordered.
There is a combination of plants growing in the
mixed herbaceous border that compels notice. There
is a back row of fine herbaceous Phloxes, then a band
of Anemone japonica alba, with which is mingled the
beautiful blue Salvia patens, both in full bloom. This
has a charming effect, as might be imagined. The
Anemones are left undisturbed, but covered with a
thick dressing of manure during the winter. They
have this season carried thousands of flowers. Great
credit is due to Mr. Fowle for his .admirable manage-
ment of these gardens.
464
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, iS
THE SEED-VESSELS OF AUS-
TRALIAN TREES AND SHRUBS.
The fruits or seed-vessels of many Australian trees
and shrubs constitute perhaps their most singular fea-
ture, and at the same time the parts least known to
Europeans. Exceedingly hard woody fruits, enclosing
minute small or delicately organised seeds, are one of
the characteristics of the flora. Excluding the tropical
portion of the country there are very few trees or
shrubs that bear fleshy fruits or large farinaceous
seeds — in short, there is every provision to ensure
their reproduction from seed. We will in the first
place illustrate some of the more distinct types of
seed-vessel offered by the
Gum Trees or Eucalypti.
The genus Eucalyptus forms the most important
and the commonest element in the arboreous vegeta-
tion of Australia. Members of this genus abound in
almost every part of the country ; indeed, with the
exception of two or three species in New Guinea, one
in Timor, and one, or perhaps two, apparently rare
species in the Moluccas, it is restricted to Australia.
The forms are innumerable, and the described
species number something like 150, though many of
them are still imperfectly defined. Mr. Bentham
(Flora Atistraliensis, iii., pp. 185-261) defines 135 ;
but Baron F. Mueller {Eucalyplographia, introduc-
tion, p. 4) estimates the number at about 149 ; and
of these he has already illustrated and fully described
eighty in the work named. The distribution of the
species within the country, as far as at present
known, is tabulated in Mueller's Ccnsusoj Australian
Plants, from which we learn that forty-eight species
grow in New South Wales ; forty-six in West Aus-
tralia ; thirty-seven in Queensland ; thirty-five in
Victoria ; twenty-eight in South Australia* ; twenty-
five in North Australia, and fourteen in Tasmania.
Analysing these numbers we find that thirty-eight of
the species recorded from West Australia have not
hitherto been met with outside of the limits of that
colony, while only five of the South Australian species
are peculiar. Of the large number found in New
South Wales there are only four which do not extend
to one or more of the other colonies ; this, however,
is explained by the fact that the political boundaries
do not coincide with physically different regions or
areas. On the other hand, of the twenty-five North
Australian species thirteen are peculiar, and five
others extend only into Queensland. One species,
E. rostrata, is common to all the colonies of the
mainland of Australia ; and a few others, such as E.
gracilis, E. uncinata, E. oleosa, and E. incrassata
have a very wide range.
Before proceeding to the consideration of the seed-
vessels of the Gum trees, a few words respecting the
trees and their foliage. In habit and stature the
species of Eucalyptus vary from dwarf straggling
bushes to the most gigantic of trees. Generally
speaking the trunks, especially of the taller kinds, are
massive and straight, with comparatively small limbs,
while the ultimate branchlets are usually slender, and
often drooping. The leaves of quite young trees are
often opposite, relatively large, horizontal, with the
two surfaces different ; otherwise there is a great
sameness in the foliage of adult trees, one type pre-
vailing throughout. Both surfaces of the alternate
leaves are alike, and the direction of the blade is more
or less vertical. But the reader may get a better idea
of the character of the foliage and the habits of the
trees by turning to the figures in the Gardeners'
Chronicle for 1873, p. 1567 ; n. s., xii., p. 113 ; and
XV., p. 601. This knowledge, and much more, may
be obtained by visiting the Marianne North Gallery
at Kew, where there are paintings of several species
as they grow in their native haunts.
The seed-vessels or fruits of the Gum trees offer
great variety both in size and shape, yet they afford
no characters by which the species can be systematic-
ally classified. A large proportion of the species,
however, are more readily distinguished by their
seed-vessels than by any other character. The differ-
ences are io size and shape more than in structure,
though the number of cells or compartments varies
from three to six. The seeds are always small, and
of some species very small, irregular in shape, and
usually numerous in each cell, though few, or even
* This number, we believe, is found within the old bouudary
of the colony.
only one in each cell are fertile, the rest being
abortive.
Beginning with the smaller-fruited species, there
are, among others. Eucalyptus brachypoda and E.
amygdalina, both drawn natural size in fig, 70. E.
Fig. 70. — Upper left-hand figure, a cluster of seed-vessels of
Eucalyptus brachypoda ; upper right-hand figure, E.
amygdalina ; lower figure, E. diversicolor. All natural
size.
Fig. 71 A seed-vessel of Eucalyptus pyriformis. Natural size.
a£.«^
Fig. 72.— a single fruit of Eucalyptus erythrocorys, and a
cluster of fruits of E. cornuta.
brachypoda, whose fruit is represented above on the
left in fig. 70, is a widely dispersed shrub or small tree
of apparently little or no commercial importance.
There is one other species, E. brachyandra, from
North Australia, that has a fruit (if the fruit we have
seen is normal) about half the size, 01 only one-twelfth
of an inch in diameter. E. amygdalina — fig. 70, above
on the right — a widely diffused species in Eastern
Australia, is perhaps the tallest tree in the world, yet
it has fruit approaching the smallest in the genus, and
minute seeds. Like several of the small-fruited
species, it is not easily recognised by its fruit. The
following particulars of this species are extracted from
Baron Mueller's Eiicalyptographia : —
"This Eucalyptus is one of the most remarkable and
important of all the plants in the whole creation ! Viewed
in its marvellous height when standing forth in its fullest
development on the slopes or within glens of mountain ■]
forests, it represents probably the tallest of all trees of fl
the globe ; considered as a hard-wood tree of celerity in ■
growth it ranks among the very foremost ; regarded in
reference to its timber the tall variety can fairly be classed
with the superior kinds of Eucalypts. and contemplated
in respect to the yield of volatile oil from its copious
foliage it is unsurpassed, and perhaps not equalled by
any other tree in the whole world ! These various signal
qualities of E. amygdalina having become gradually
known, much through the exertions of the writer,
this tree has found already a wide appreciation
abroad, in countries neither subject to severe frosts,
nor to intense moist heat. It assumes under different
climatic and geologic conditions various forms ; thus in
the irrigated ravines of cooler ranges the tree attained
the most towering height, combined with a perfect
straightness of stem, while the outer layers of its bark
decorticate so completely as to render the huge stems
quite smooth and almost white, the habit then being that
of its only rival in loftiness among congeners, namely E.
diversicolor (the Karri of West Australia). This lofty
state of the tree passes as one of the White Gum-trees
(and even also as Mountain Ash in the Dandenong
ranges), while phytographically it has been distinguished
as ' regnans. ' According to Mr. F. Abbott, it is this
form which constitutes the ' Swamp Gum-tree ' in Tas-
mania, where already Sir William Denison placed early
its huge dimensions on record. In more open and in
merely ridgy country E. amygdalina remains much
lower in stature, even often a comparatively dwarf tree,
with outside rough, inside tough somewhat fibrous bark,
which remains more or less persistent on the stem and
even lower branches ; under which conditions the species
is called the ' Peppermint tree ' in Victoria and Tasmania
and a ' Messmate tree ' in some tracts of New South
Wales . . .
" It is the intention to give on a future occasion a
schedule of exact measurements, clinometrically obtained,
of the tallest individual trees anywhere to be found ; but
it may for the present suffice to observe, that appro.ximate
heights for this tree of 400 feet have been obtained by
the writer at the Black Spur and elsewhere on the Upper
Yarra and Upper Goulburn River. Mr. D. Boyle first of
all ascertained the length of a fallen tree of this
species, ^found by him in the Dandenong ranges, at
420 feet ; the length of the stem up to the first branch
being 29s feet; the diameter of the stem at the com-
mencement of 'the ramification proved 4 feet, 70 feet
higher up the diameter was still 3 feet : the top portion
was wanting. A still thicker tree there measured at 3 feet
from the ground 53 feet in circumference. Mr. Boyle
found another tree with a stem 25 feet in diameter at the
base, and yet the bark quite thin. Mr. Howitt ob-
tained in Gippsland also measurements up to 410 feet.
The Rev. H. Ewing (as stated in Henfrey's Botanic
Gazette) measured a prostrate tree on a rill of the North-
west Bay River, at the rear of Mount Wellington, already
thirty years, and recorded the height up to the first
branch 220 feet, from thence to where the top was broken
off 64 feet more ; the basal diameter proved to be 30 teet ;
the stem diameter at 220 feet was still 12 feet ; and
to that distance it would turn out already more timber
than three of the largest Oaks taken together with their
branches. A standing tree at the same place measured,
3 feet from the ground, 102 feet in circumference ; but close
to the ground even 130 feet ! The reverend gentleman
observed within a square mile at least 100 trees, none less
than 40 feet in circumference at the base. Mr. G.
Robinson noticed in the back ranges of Berwick the
circumference of a stem to be even 81 feet at a
distance of 4 feet frem the ground. (See Elwood
Cooper's edition of some of my lectures and essays,
p. 161.) ^The same gentleman, whose professional
judgment as a surveyor would give^ every guarantee for
accuracy, obtained at the foot of Mount Baw-Baw the
measurement of an exceptionally large tree, which was 471
teet high. From the Cape Otway ranges a tree is also
on record by Mr. Walter with a height of 4r5 feet, and
a basal diameter of 15 feet, although the loftiest trees
have not always the most colossal stems. But, although
this Eucalypt of ours will probably maintain the actual
supremacy in height among trees of the globe, it must
cede the palm of superiority perhaps to the Wellingtonia
(Sequoia), and the only other^congener of the mammoth
trees of California in respect to height combined with
massive ramification, and a crown of foliage dense to the
summit in Sequoias, because the final extraordinary
October 13, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
465
height of E. amygdalina is often attained only by a soli-
tary, straggling branch, pushing singly towards the sky.
It is a grand picture to see a mass of enormously tall
trees of this kind with stems of mast-like straightness
and clear whiteness so close together in the forests as to
allow them space only towards their summit to send
their scanty branches and sparse foliage to the free light. ''
E. diversicolor (the lower cluster of seed-vessels in
fig. 70) is the largest tree of the West Australian forests.
It is the Karri of the aborigines, and it is, we believe,
the one mentioned by Mueller in his Fragmenta under
the name E. colossea. According to Baron Mueller,
Messrs. Muir saw trees with stems about 300 feet long
up to the first branch, and he himself noticed many
trees which approached to 400 feet in their total
height. When closely growing the young trees may
have a comparatively slender trunk, so much so, that
a tree iSo feet high may show a stem hardly over a
foot in diameter ; in such a case the foliage for want
of space is also only scantily developed, and the rami-
fications are but short in proportion to the tallness of
the stems. In the mast-like straightness of the trunk,
and the smooth whiteness of the bark, this superb tree
imitates completely the variety regnans of E. amygda-
lina of South-East Australia.
E. pyriformis (fig. 71) is one of the larger-fruited
F[C. 73.— A, Fiuit of Eucalyptus calophylla ? ;
E. ficifoha. Natural size.
species, being exceeded only by that of the allied
E. macrocarpa, of which there is a specimen in the
Kew Museum 3! inches across. Baron Mueller
states that it begins to flower when it is not more than
4 feet high, though it grows into a small tree about
20 feet high. E. macrocarpa, of which there is a painting
in the Marianne North Gallery, is also shrubby, and
so tare and local that it is feared it may soon become
extinct. We may here describe a peculiarity in the
flowers of Eucalyptus in allusion to which the generic
name was given. An expanded flower has no petals
outside of the dense cluster of stamens, but if a bud
be examined a covering will be found. When the
stamens are fully developed they push off this cover-
ing, which falls away in one piece in the form of a
calyptra or cap variously shaped in different species.
In E. macrocarpa and E. pyriformis it is like an
extinguisher. Another shrubby or small arboreous,
large-fruited species from West Australia is E. ery-
throcorys (the upper fruit in fig. 72). This is a very
ornamental species. James Drummond, who was the
first resident in West Australia who took great interest
in the flora, made large collections of dried plants,
including many hundred new species, and he says of
this (Hooker's Kcw Journal of Botany, v., p. 121),
that it is one of the finest species of the genus. " A
beautiful yellow-flowered Eucalyptus grows on the
limestone hills to the west of the Valley of the Lakes.
It grows to a tree from 20 to 30 feet high ; the leaves
resemble those of the Red Gum, being hispid on the
young shoots and glabrous on the flowering branches.
. . . . The cups [that is, the deciduous caps de-
scribed above) are of a bright scarlet colour and have
a verrucose appearance, and the stamens are yellow,
which, with the shining leaves, make the tree very
ornamental." Oldfield found the same species in a
shrubby condition, 8 to 10 feet high. The seed-
vessel is very different from any other that we have
seen.
E. cornuta (fig. 72) is one of two West Australian
FiG. 74 — Three fruits of Eucalyptus corymbosa and a single
fruit of E. ptychocarpa. Natural size.
species, remarkable for the narrow exserted tips of the
capsule, which are often connivent at the tips. The
showy species recently figured in the Botanical Maga-
zine, plate 6140, under this name is, as Mr. N. E.
Brown has pointed out to us, the allied E. Lehmanni,
which differs among other things in the calyx-tube
and fruit being more or less immersed in the thick
peduncle.
Another type of fruit is exhibited by E. ficifolia
(fig. 73, B). This is undoubtedly the most gorgeous
Fig. 75- — A fruit of Eucalyptus tetraptera. Natural size.
of all the Gum trees. It is a native of West Australia,
and very much resembles E. calophylla in foliage and
fruit, differing mainly in its brilliant crimson flowers
and winged seeds. There is a painting of this in the
Marianne North collection at Kew. The longitudinal
lines in our figure are too conspicuous, as the fruit is
really almost smooth. The fruit marked A, fig. 73,
is different from any other that we have seen, but it
is possibly an abnormal one of E. calophylla, with the
upper part very much more expanded than is usual.
E. ficifolia and E. calophylla have both very hand-
some, massive foliage.
E. ptychocarpa (fig. 74) is a INorth Australian
species, the fruit of which is easily recognised by
having eight longitudinal ridges. This and E. miniata,
which has a fruit resembling that of E. ficifolia, are
among the number specially recommended by Baron
F. Mueller for ornamental purposes. E. miniata is
also from North Australia, and, on the authority of
the botanist just named, a nurseryman raised plants
of it from seed that had been lying in a museum
thirteen years.
E. corymbosa (fig. 74) is one of three or four species
inhabiting Eastern and North Australia, having a
peculiarly elegant type of fruit.
The oddest looking fruit of all is that of E.
tetraptera (fig. 75), which is square or three-cornered,
and often more or less oblique, the larger ones being
as much as 3 inches long. This species is shrubby,
and seldom exceeds 10 feet in height. It is a native
of Western Australia.
Our last in this small selection is the Blue Gum,
E. globulus (fig. 76), concerning which so much has
been written in this journal that we will confine our-
selves to a few extracts from the Eucalyptographia,
merely mentioning that the fruit is readily dis-
tinguished from that of all other species.
" St^nateur Comte Torelli, who was commissioned to
initiate the extensive culture of E. globulus on the
malarian swamps near Rome, informs us that at Gaeta a
specimen of this tree among those planted by Royal
order in 1854 was about too feet high in 1878, showing a
basal circumference of 11 feet. But Dr. W. von Hamm,
of Vienna, who purposely visited Italy in the interest of
Eucalyptus culture, saw still larger trees at Lago Mag-
FlG. 76. — Fiuit of Eucalyptus globulus, seen from above and
the side. Natural size.
giore, one of which in 1878 was fully 120 feet in height,
and was supposed to be twenty-eight years old. At
Hyeres a tree, raised from seed in 1857, according to
Dr. Raveret-Wattel had attained in 1875 a height of 6^
feet, with a circumference of 7 feet towards the base of
the stem. As far north as Nice a small seedling planted
in 1869 had risen in 1874 to a tree of about 50 feet in
height, with a circumference of 3 feet of the basal portion
of the stem. At Malaga, according to Dr. Planchon, a
specimen attained in six years 65 feet. Still greater
celerity of growth is shown by E. globulus in temperate
regions of tropical mountains, where equality of tempera-
ture is combined with moderate continuous humidity.
Thus Mr. Brace wrote to me from the Neilgherri Hills of
the Madras Presidency, that his Eucalypts had attained
an average height of 20 to 25 feet eighteen months after
the seeds were sown !
" Baron von Humboldt stated that the height of E.
globulus — 230 feet — was extraordinary among the record
of tall trees known at his time. The Rev. Th. Ewing
actually measured a tree showing a height of 280 feet,
and the Rev. James Backhouse, whose accuracy can also
be implicitly relied upon, gives in the work on his
missionary travels the height of the tallest tree seen by
him as even 330 feel. Mr. James Dickson informs me
that at Southport he noticed a tree of E. globulus far
exceeding in girth even the mightiest of E. amygdahna ;
of this particular tree a local shipwright declared that it
contained as much timber as would suffice to build a
go-ton schooner solely from it. The stem of this vener-
able patriarch of the forest measured about 150 feet to
the fist hmb."
W. B. Hemshy.
FiNSBURY Park. — The usual display of Chry-
santhemums in this North London Park will be
opened to the public to-morrow (Sunday), and the
flowers will be at their best from a fortnight to a
month afterwards.
466
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE-
[October 13, 18
ijnlii,! I
olcs Hiul ileaiiiuDS.
Vanda Sanderiana, Rchb. /■.—When I received
Ihe fir^t flower, kindly sent by Mr. F. Sander, as ihin
as tracing-paper, I felt very much embarrassed.
Only one ihiog was evident — I had to give a name
0 an entirely new thing. But— of what genus? My
best friend, the pollen apparatus, was absent. The
nature of the lip and its adhesion to the column were
doubtful . I was left to the tdlonncment, often called
De Candollean tdtonnement by those who believe that
work in systematic botany is as clear as a mathematical
calculation. The iaton7iement guided me to Vanda.
Now the fresh flower is at hand, thanks to the
liberality of Mr. William Lee, Downside, Leather-
head, who most kindly sent me his first flower, grown
by Mr. Charles Woolford. Mr. Lee is, however,
vary rich, as he informs me there are three racemes,
two of twelve flowers each, and the third actually
scarcely developed. The flower is grand, original
in its own merits, of a distinct appearance. It fully
shows that those sketches Mr. F. Sander had from
his travellers were quite correct notwithstanding their
having created the impression that they were made
up. The sepals and petals lie in one planum, as in
Odontoglossum vexillarium. The superior half con-
sists of the upper sepals appearing as half a circle,
covered a good deal at each side of the base by the
rhomboid blunt angled deflexed smaller petals.
Those organs are light white in appearance. At their
base are two brown nearly parallel transverse lines,
forming half a circle. There are four lines of purple
spots on the inferior bases of the petals. The
lower sepals are large, cuneate elliptic blunt acute,
and make such a contrast of paint as Nature alone
takes the permission to mix. The ground colour is a
certain yellow, as if some little dose of orange had
been mixed with sulphur. Excluding the ends and
some part of margins all the longitudinal veins are
covered by purple-red, and the connecting branchlets,
and anastomosing nervils too. This makes one think
of the design of certain oriental designers of Turkish
carpets. When writing this I do not fremember of
anything comparable in Orchids, though I have no
doubt one may by-and-bye find some analogy. You
might also think of mineral dendrits. The lip's
auriculae form a kind of ochre-coloured cup. The base
is rounded and not extended into an especial spur.
The central lacinia is neatly square, but broader and
heart-shaped at the base, with three lamellte running
over the mid from base to apex. Its colour is red. The
hinde side of the sepals and petals is quite Vandaceous,
very light, whitish. There is some lightish purple-
mauve hue on these bespoken organs, and you
may see a gleam of yellow and red paint on pair
sepals. The fine six-winged pedicelled ovary is quite
Vandaceous, as are the column, anthers, and pollen
apparatus. The appearance of this grand novelty in
Europe forms quite a golden letter day in the history
of Orchids. I do not think it easy to beat this Vanda
in beauty, though we are so often partial to novelties.
Imagine this and a good Vanda ccerulea, and an ex-
cellent Vanda teres in one group. An orchidist's heart
might burst from enthusiasm. Mr. William Lee may
be quite proud of having been the first who flowered
Vanda Sanderiana in Europe. //. G.Rclib.f. [Mr.
Lee writes : — " I think it only due to Messrs.
Low that it should be known that my plant came
from them, and was the largest plant of their last
importation," A full page illustration was given at
p. 441 of our last number. Ed.]
Masdevallia racemosa, Lindl. — "What is
Masdevallia racemosa ? " That is the actual newest
orchidic question in numerous letters. May I be
forgiven for giving in these columns one universal
answer? It was described in 1S45 by Dr. Lindley,
who called it a charming plant. It is quite peculiar,
firming a group for itself, one of the shyest travellers
of Orchids. It inhabits the lofty Cordillera of western
South America. According to Mr. Lehmann it is not
quite so ambitious of high levels as Masdevallia rosea,
growing at 5oo to 900 metres lower. The leaves are
1 jng petioled, broad, lanceolate, usually rather small for
the fine inflorescence. My best herbarium specimen, a
present from Mr. Harry Vcitch, shows two peduncles,
one with three, one with four flowers, six of which are
in the same good state, quite open. The best part of
the flower is effected by the lirrib of the lateyal sepals,
which form a wide fine two-lobed blade, each lobe
arching outside. The apical sepal is small and in-
conspicuous. The narrow table does not reach an
inch in length. A specimen of Hartweg's shows a long
peduncle with the remains of fourteen flowers !
What a grand sight must the plant have offered ! As
to the colour of the flower, all observers say they are
orange. My friend Lehmann calls them " very deli-
cate orange-red," but his drawing at hand might rather
be said to bear rose flowers. A representation sent
by Mr. Sander shows a tendency to bright yellow
cinnabar. One of my two Hartwegian specimens
looks as if the flower had been fine light purple.
Some flowers before me now are bright yellow-
orange. At all events the colour is bright and fine, and
most probably subject to variations. Qui vivra verra.
Only a few collectors have seen the plant— Hartweg,
Cross, Lehmann, and the collector of Mr. Sander.
It is a most agreeable surprise to know that the plants
are alive in England. Since it is even a worse
traveller than Masdevallia rosea itself, we cannot
expect to meet it as a frequent customer at Stevens'
room. H, G, Rchb, t.
Orchids at Silverdale Lodge, Sydenham,
— Few amateurs bestow the care and thought on their
Orchids that Mr. Walter Cobb does ; for upwards of
fourteen years, during which he has been a grower,
everything that has suggested itself for the benefit of
his plants has been immediately put into operation,
and that with such happy results that his collection
now ranks among the best for soundness and cleanness
of its plants, for excellence of varieties, and for the
perfection of the blooms, which such good cultivation
causes them to produce. Even where all things are
good there is a best, and the best feature at Silverdale
is the Cattleya and Lselia-house. It is a spacious
structure, 40 feet in length, 14 feet in height, and 18
feet 6 inches in width, running east and west, the
south side being glazed with Hartley's ribbed glass,
and the north side for the greater part with clear
glass, and no other shading is used. The plants are
arranged on open wood stages, which rise towards the
middle, the side ones having a few inches of water
underneath, and the centre stage and west end of the
house are planted as a Fern rockery ; indeed, these
rockeries, planted with Ferns and mosses, are arranged
under the stages wherever available in all the houses,
and Mr. Cobb attributes a good deal of the vigour of
his plants to the healthy moisture arising from them.
One thing is very evident, and that is that by the aid
of these rockeries, combined with perfect ventilation
and liberal arrangements for the reception of rain-
water, a fresh and sweet atmosphere is maintained
in every house, hot or cold. The plants in the
large Cattleya-house are pleasant to behold, so
vigorous, clean, and perfect are they ; the root
action is something surprising, and as a natural
consequence the show for bloom is in proportion —
the specimens of C. Trianre alone contributing over
150 sheaths. All the [varieties seem doing equally
well, the more delicate C. Dowiana and its variety
aurea thriving as well as the fine masses of the
stronger growing C. gigas Sanderiana, C. Mendelii,
&c. Noticeable among the rare things in this house
are fine pieces of C. Trianre alba, C. Triance virginalis,
and other rare Triaoa^s ; C. SUinneri alba and
oculata, grand masses of L^lia elegans, alba, Schille-
riana, prasiata, &c. ; while the delicate odour of the
finely bloomed C. Dowiana and C. Eldorado filled
the whole house. The floor, like all the other Orchid-
house floors at Silverdale, is fitted with neat open
wood trellises, which makes it very comfortable to get
about. The main block of the house is composed of
a number of convenient spans, each from 35 feet to 50
feet in length, and here the second Cattleya-house lor
the newer arrivals is situated, the condition of the
plants plainly indicating that they will soon
be in as good order as those in the large house.
The plants in the Phaloenopsishouse are in very
fine health ; they are being tried on two plans — those
on the right-hand side and end being raised
on tall cylinders and those on the left being suspended
from a kmd of iron framework which Mr. Cobb has
had made, and from which the plants hang above
the stage instead of resting on it. This plan will
certainly prevent insects, slugs, &c., getting about
among them so readily, and will also allow the plants
to have free air all around them. Several forms of
P. violacea, P. grandiflora, P. rosea leucaspis, and
that chaste beauty, P. Sanderiana, are in bloom — the
foliage of some of the varieties of it being very re-
iparkable, The several Odontoglossum and Masde-
vallia houses contain a grand lot, the masses of
Alexandtje in the large house being equal to any
round London, the immense smooth bulbs, shin-
ing green leaves and stout flower-spikes proclaim-
ing them as much at home at Sydenham as
they were at Bogota, and giving evidence that
if they felt the change they liked it. Through
the Dendrobe and Oncidium houses we reach the
flowering plant house, charming with huge spikes of
Oncidium Forbesi, Cypripedium Schlimii, Odonto-
glossum Alexandrse, O. Pescatorei, O. tripudians,
Cypripedium Spicerianum, Ltelia pumila, L. elegans
alba, Compareltia macroplectron, Lycaste Cobbiana,
Houlletia, new species ; Maxillaria grandiflora,
Barkeria elegans, Dendrobium formosum giganteum,
D. heterocarpum philippinense, Cattleya Dowiana, C.
Gaskelliana, Masdevallias, quantities of Oncidium
varicosum, many fine varieties of Zygopetalum
maxillate, and in a cool corner a grand batch of
healthy plants of Vanda cosrulea jbristling with
spikes of heavenly-blue flowers. At the end of
the Lailia-house the great numbers of spikes of
L. anceps, L. autumnalis, L. harpophylla, and
other things, and also a spike of Odontoglossum
coronarium, seem to insure a good succession of
blooms,
Masdevallias, — Among the plants figured in the
September number of the Orchid Albimt is Masde-
vallia Harryanaatrosanguinea, a fine variety with deep
rosy-purple flowers, Mr. Warner, from whose plant
the present illustration was taken, grows them in pits
after they have bloomed in summer, and brings them
back in autumn into the Odontoglossum-house, where
they complete their growth and bloom in spring,
They require rough fibrous peat and sphagnum
moss, and a good supply of water nearly all the year
round. They must never get dry, as they are found
in shady places where the atmosphere is always moist.
Draughts should be avoided, whether the plants are
grown in cool or in warm houses. While shading
them from bright sun care should be taken to give
them all the light possible.
Presuming that the root-room has been thoroughly
cleansed by whitewashing, as advised in our last,
advantage should be taken of the present dry weather
to begin the storing away of the various roots for winter
use, and Beet is the first to require attention, from
the fact that it is the most tender. Great care is
necessary in taking it up so as not to break the roots.
Carrots also may now be lifted and stored away,
keeping the various kinds apart, as some keep better
than others, Scorzonera, Salsafy, Chicory, French
Dandelion may all be safely taken up and put away
till wanted where one is obliged to make a shift. In
storing roots we have seen them pitted in the same
way as Potatos. A dry place under Fir trees is
perhaps the best — the soil is usually dry in such
places. Parsnips are generally considered sweeter if
left in the ground till wanted, but there are exceptions
to this if the soil is of a wet tenacious nature. Turnips
are usually taken up in small quantities, and it is advis-
able to take up the best roots first, leaving the smaller
ones to furnish a supply of Greens in the spring. Great
care is requisite in watching newly pitted Potatos
not to close the pit entirely lor the present ; often-
times a lot of newly dug Potatos, or any other roots
placed together, will generate heat, which if not
allowed to pass oft will cause decay ; therefore see
that the ventilating drain tiles on the top of the heaps
are kept open till hard weather sets in.
In view of the cold weather which we may have, it
will be well to be prepared for it. In the country dis-
tricts where the Bracken Fern (Pleris aquilina) grows
abundantly, a good supply should be cut and dried
and stacked away ready for use ; this will be invaluable
for protection during winter. Collect all vegetable
refuse and manure from the stables into a heap, and
turn this over occasionally, to be in readiness to cart
or wheel on to the land when frosty weather comes,
always bearing in mind that succulent vegetables can-
not be produced unless the ground is rich in manure.
Continue to earth up Celery, and in digging up the
roots for daily use move the ground to a good depth
and leave it somewhat rough, so as to be acted on by
the winter's frosts. Cauliflowers must be looked
October 13, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
467
sharply after during this mild weather ; slugs are
plentiful and are very mischievous in the frames.
Early in the morning is a good time to catch them, or
on a quiet mild night searching for them with a
lantern they will be discovered feeding. The Lettuce
sown in the first week in August ought now to be
planted-out under glass, they will come in during
winter for salad, and a certain portion of the second
sowing of Endive will do better if protected in the
same way. It matters not of what materials the pit
or frame is built. Turf as it comes from the land
answers perfectly, but the lights must be sound and
good as drip causes the loss of more plants in winter
than cold.
Tomatos in pits will require very little water just
now, and the same remark applies to French Beans,
and what is given should be in the morning with
ventilation on for an hour or two to let (he moisture
escape, covering up at night with mats, or litter, the
plants being tender. The Mushroom-house will now
need artificial heat, ranging from 55° to 60° and plenty
of atmospheric moisture : the great thing to observe
with this and every other crop is to have a continued
succession with no break between; therefore make
fresh beds once a month from now onwards and let
them be small rather than large — this is much more
likely to keep up a supply. The brown variety
of Mushroom we find the hardiest. In wet weather
look over the Onion loft : this should be in every
garden— a dry airy place over a tool-shed or some such
place, as damp is ruinous to their keeping, by pro-
moting growth and early decay. Where there is no
such place to keep them in the next best plan is to
bundle the entire crop and hang them up on the
rafters of some dry building, being careful to save
late keepers, such as James' Keeping, for the spring
supply. J. Rust, F.ridge Castle, Sussex.
little better than a Marrow. However, the most that
can be said of Melons grown under such unfavourable
circumstances is that Ihcy make a "dibh " when fruit
in variety on the dessert table is scarce. //. /(', Ward,
Longford Castle Gardens, Wilts.
JFlelons anb iCucumbers.
Cucumbers. — Plants in full bearing, and especially
those having their roots in a somewhat con6ned
space, should receive copious supplies of tepid liquid
manure in a diluted state. Cut the fruit as soon as
they attain the desired size for the table, and stand
them in a saucer containing about half-an-inch of
water in a fruit-room until they are required for
use. The plants thus relieved will concentrate their
energies in'developing the smaller fruits, and so on
during the whole fruiting period of the plants. Main-
tain a night temperature of from 65° to 70° (accord-
ing to the character of the weather), and from 70° to
75° by day with lire, running up 10° or 15° with sun-
heat, and plenty of atmospheric moisture. Cucum-
bers growing in frames heated by fermenting materials
only should have their linings made up weekly or
fortnightly, as circumstances may necessitate, by
which means a steady growing heat can be maintained,
and the plants be kept in a beating state lor several
weeks hence. These plants will not require water in
any shape ; they should have the points pinched out
of the shoots and all old or damaged leaves removed
therefrom ; and should mildew attack them, dust the
afiected leaves whilst damp with flowers of sulphur,
which will arrest its progress. Cover the frames at
night with mats and dry Fern, putting on more or
less of the latter in accordance with the nature of the
weather. //. W, Ward, Longford Castle.
Melons. — To ripen Melons satisfactorily in October
there should, in connection with favourable weather,
be a good supply of top and bottom heat at command,
without which, during dull weather, the fruit must
necessarily be wanting in flavour and colour. To
attain these indispensable points the temperature
during the ripening period of the fruits should be
somewhat high, and the atmosphere dry and airy —
neither of these essential points can be acquired or
maintained in the absence of fire-heat in late autumn ;
therefore, under these circumstances, the linings of
Melon frames being made up after the end of August
or the middle of September, according to the state of
the weather, with a view to ripen or to hasten the
maturation of the fruit, is not only labour misapplied,
but is calculated to thwart the very object that it was
intended to accomplish — the quicker ripening and
better flavouring of the fruit, inasmuch as the steam
or ammonia which arises in the frames and settles
upon the fruits in proportion to the temperature pro-
duced by the frequent making up of the linings with
fermenting material, is equal to a humid stagnant
atmosphere, which renders the flavour of the fruit
Slanla and i\t\\ :(j;iltuiif.
P'erns. — A good supply of the more useful kinds
for cut purposes is always a necessary adjunct to any
establishment from which a great amount of cut
flowers is expected to be supplied. The demand for
these latter is evidently much on the increase of late
years, therefore an extra quantity of such Ferns as
Adiantum cuneatum, A, amabile, A. concinnum, A,
Capillus- Veneris, Davallia bullata, and other kinds,
with Onychium japonicum, Pteris cretica and P.
serrulata, should be worked up as opportunity occurs.
At this season of the year, when flowersare becoming
less abundant, rather more cut Fern can be advan-
tageously used if a good supply is at hand and held in
reserve for this special purpose. The flowers can thus
be economised to a considerable extent, the Fern will
keep the better if immersed in water for an hour or
two before being used. We make it a practice to
allow seedling Ferns to grow on the walls and other
places in our houses ; it is surprising what a quantity
we are able to cut by so doing. Keep a watchful eye
against the damage that is caused by any superfluous
moisture among the Adiantums and other Ferns of
dense growth. The syringe should be withheld from
them now, except in such kinds as are subject to
Thrips. Most of the deciduous Ferns will now be
going to rest, the water-pot should therefore be
gradually dispensed with in the case of these. The
fronds of such Ferns can be worked into decora-
tions with advantage if caught just before they com-
mence to fade. The Platyceriums will not require so
much water either during the winter season, but on no
account allow theGymnogrammas, Gleichenias, Cheil-
anthes and Filmy Ferns to suffer the least whatever.
The Tree Ferns must also be well supplied, the more
so if lightly pot-bound. Dicksonia squarrosa we have
found to be one of the most sensitive in this respect.
For any ordinary conservatory, i.e., one kept at a
greenhouse temperature, several of the Aspleniums
are most useful. A, bulbiferum, A. caudatum, A.
flaccidum, and A. lucidum can all be kept in such a
house with safety. Of the Pteris, P. cretica, P. serru-
lata, P, umbrosa, and P. tremula are the best for the
same purpose. Nephrodium molle, Lastrea Sieboldi,
and L. Standishi are all hardy Ferns for the conser-
vatory from this time onwards through the winter.
Basket Ferns that have been ornamenting the con-
servatory during the summer and early autumn should
be removed to a more temperate house before long.
Most of those that are best adapted for these purposes
will need this treatment during the winter. Asple-
nium lanuginosum will require stove temperature. Its
long pendent fronds, with generally a young plant
at each extremity, make it a very attractive basket
Fern.
Greenhouse Fine- Foliage Plants.— It will
not be advisable to leave even the hardiest of these in
the open air any longer than this. Many of them can
be {with much advantage) used in the future arrange-
ments of the conservatory ; previous to this being
done, however, it will be necessary to look them
closely over for insects. While scale is one of the
most troublesome pests to the Utaccenas, Cordylines,
Yuccas, and Dasyliiions, and must be kept under, or
the plants will soon be rendered unsightly by the
marks this insect leaves behind it. If any of the Dra-
caenas have become too talljarrangeraents should be
made to root them off at a convenient height. If
commenced upon at once they will become re-eslab-
lished by the return of warm weather in the spring.
In operating thus on large plants we have sawn lo-inch
pots in two and then bound them together again
around the stem at the required height. When these
pots become filled with roots, a shift into a larger size
can be given in a similar manner. As this process is
going on the stem should be gradually severed close
under the bottom of the pot. Later on, when suffi-
ciently established to be taken off entirely, the plant
should be moved into a closer atmosphere, and where
it can be shaded for a little while during bright sun-
shine. Any contemplated increase by division of the
Phormiums may be done at this season if the plants
can afterwards be kept in a temperate house for a
time. Yuccas that have become leggy may be cut
down ; the tops will strike (if plunged in a little
bottom-heat) without much difficulty. Side growths
from the Agaves can be taken off and treated like
Pine suckers, to increase the stock. The Agaves,
Aloes, Bonaparteas, and other succulent plants should
now be kept much drier at the root. We do not
recommend the extreme treatment of drying them off
entirely during their resting season, if watered occa-
sionally the roots will be kept in a more healthy state.
The Cycads should also receive less water if wintered
in a cool or temperate house. Any of these with shabby
foliage may have the same partially shortened back, so
that they may occupy less room. That useful decorative
plant, the Aspidistra luiida variegata, is easily
increased by division, taking, however, some little
time to get established. If taken in hand now, nice
stuff could be had by the spring. An old stock plant
of Ficus elasticus is always handy for a few cuttings
to keep up the requisite number of young plants.
Coprosma Baueriana variegata is best propagated
from layers. This can be done also if a plant is at
hand with a good number of shoots on it, layering
each shoot into a small pot. The variegated forms of
Ophiopogon, viz., O. Jaburan and spicatus, are well
worth increasing for pot culture. As soon as young
growth is noticed pushing forth from the base,
propagation by division may be proceeded with.
Tall plants of the Aralias, Agnostus, Lomatias, and
Rhopalas that have outgrown themselves, may be
kept dry at the root for awhile, and then cut back,
afterwards keeping them under temperate treatment
till started fairly into growth again.
Pits and Frames.— The potting-up of annuals
for early flowering in pots in spring should be done
without delay. Nemophila insignis is very pretty
grown in this style ; the Myosotis must not be over-
looked, nor the intermediate Stocks. Keep these
latter plants on the dry side during the winter months.
Early-struck Pinks that are intended for forcing
should be lifted and potted into 6-inch pots, and then
be placed in a cold frame. Hoteia (Spiirea) japonica
that were planted out last year should also be trans
ferred to pots again for next spring use. Imported
clumps are much the best lor early forcing, and
should therefore be used in preference to home-
grown stock. Polygonatum multiflorum (Solomon's
Seal) will be all the better potted up early before the
fiosts are upon us. These remarks should also apply
to Helleborus niger and Dielytra spectabilis ; take
care not to break the roots in potting this latter plant.
^ames Hudson, Gunnenbiiry Ilouse^ Ac^oii, W,
October 9.
Peaches anb iiectarines.
The indoor Peach season is now drawing to a
close. All our latest (Walburton Admirable) will be
fit to gather by the end of this week. This variety
is still the best late Peach we have here, but it is
rather a shy bearer ; yet by keeping the wood some-
what thinner than is usually done with other varieties,
so as to get it thoroughly well ripened, there is no
difficulty in securing a good even crop. I finished
gathering Barrington and a few Sea Eagle Peaches
last week ; the former needs no praise from me, it
being an excellent well-known late variety. Sea
Eagle is rather the latest of the two. I fetrl con-
fident it will prove one of the best late varieties.
The Nectarine Peach has fruited with me this season,
and promises to be a prolific bearer, and a good late
variety. Princess of Wales has been better flavoured
than last season, but still not at all good, thoii(.h
very fine in appearance. For early and succession
work I find none to surpass Hale's Early, Grosse
Mignonne, A'Bec, Royal George, Stirling Casik,
Bellegarde, Galande, and Noblesse ; and of Nectai-
ines, Lord Napier is the bei.t of all. The followirg
are also good : — Violelte Ilaiive, Elru^e, Downton,
Slanwick EIruge, Pine-apple, and Victoria. Humboldt
promises to be a fine free cropping Neciarine, and of
good size, but it has that Plum flavour common to
all the yellow-fleshed varieties. The present is a good
time to select young trees from the nurseries. In
dr)irg so always select those on ihe best and cleanest
growing stocks it is possible to get. This is an
essential point in getting healthy tr^es, as weak
growing stocks seldom produce long-lived healthy
trees. Carry out directions already given for late
and succession-houses, and if the borders are getting
at all dry give liberal supplies of water. Early
houses may be looked over and finally pruned, but
if they have been treated according to directions
previously given, very little pruning will be required,
Sishes that have been taken off (if not already done)
should at once be cleaned (and if required, painted),
and made ready to put on at any time when wanted.
J» Wallisj ICeeU Gardens^
468
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Monday,
Oct. IS
Tuesday, Oct. j6
Wednesday, Oct.
Thursday, Oct.
Friday,
Saturday,
Oct. 19
Oct. 20 /
' Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
and Stevens' Kooms,
Sale of Greenhouse Plants, at BicRs' Nur-
sery, Lewisham, by Protheroe & Morris.
Sale of the Collection of Plants formed by
the late S. Rucker, Esq., at Wandsworth,
by Mr. Stevens (two days).
Sale of Fruit Trees, &c., at Lee's Nursery,
Ealing, by Protheroe & Morris (three
- days).
Sale of Greenhouse Plants, at Fraser's
Nursery, Lcyton, by Protheroe & Morris.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' and Pro-
theroe & Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms
Sate of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
and Stevens' Kooms.
WE believe, on the authority of others, that
this is still the dull season, but with gar-
deners and editors it is a question whether there
is really any dull season. At any rate, the pre-
sent week does not fall under this category.
Any one who may have visited the great
Apple Show at Chiswick, of which we gave an
initial report last week, supplemented by further
particulars in this present issue, must have been
struck by the great part that horticulture plays
in the industry of the country, and the very
large share it contributes to the material wel-
fare and the gratification of the community.
The Great Apple Show is an undoubted suc-
cess, the number of the exhibits is extremely
large, the quality generally good, and the
interest really extraordinary. We are glad to
learn that not only the horticultural specialists,
but the general public also, have visited this
unique exhibition in large numbers. We trust
that the Royal Horticultural Society, in whose
grounds this display is made, and upon whose
officials the bulk of the work devolves, will take
heart of grace from the success of this exhi-
bition, and will take it as a practical refutation
of the idea prevalent in some quarters,
that the work of the Society is played
out, and that there is nothing left
for it to do. Great as is the labour of the com-
mittee in dealing with the present emergency, it
must be steadfastly borne in mind that the
value of the exhibition has yet to be fully
brought out in that well digested report which
we look for with such eagerness and which we
all hope may be worthy of such an unrivalled
opportunity.
IJut this Apple show, absorbing as it is, is not
the only event in this busy week The ordi-
nary Tuesday meeting of the Society, all over-
shadowed as it was by the " Fisheries,'' was one
of no ordinary interest. The Vanda Sanderiana
shown by Mr. Lee, and of which we gave an
excellent illustration in our last number, was of
itself an exhibition, and visitors, and connoisseurs
especially, will have realised that not a word
too much has been said of this remarkable
plant. In addition to that, there was the
remarkable Pitcher-plant, Nepenthes Northiana,
the rival of N. Rajah itself, shown by Messrs.
Veitch, and of which we gave a double-page
illustration in our number for December 3,
1881. Orchid lovers, too, will have noted the
rare Miltonia Bluntii and the very remarkable
Trichocentrum orthoplectrum.
The miscellaneous plants exhibited by
Messrs. VEITCH included the beautiful Medi-
nilla Curtisii, of which a description is given
in our report of the Society's meeting. Mr.
Bull also contributed some of his choicest
new plants, including the very striking Anthu-
rium splendidum. For lovers of more homely
plants there was the remarkably brilliant— no
other word will suffice — display of single
Dahlias by Mr. Ware, which afforded an op-
portunity of contrasting their forms and colours
with the small but fine display of the double
varieties made by Mr. Rawlings. The
Michaelmas Daises of Messrs. Cannell and
Ware formed by no means the least striking
part of the display, and should encourage those
who can attempt nothing more than herbaceous
plants. The wonderful Pot-Vines and the
Apples shown by Messrs. Lane, of Berk-
hamsted, showed that these gentlemen had
not exhausted their efforts at Chiswick, while
the Pines exhibited from Lord FORTESCuk'S
garden deserve mention as among the most
noteworthy triumphs of art that have come even
from Castle Hill. The Tomatos shown by
Messrs. Veitch were remarkable not only for
their quality, but for their diversity and interest.
Gardeners visiting London this week will thus
have had an excellent opportunity of seeing
first-class samples in several departments of
their art, and, we should hope, of largely extend-
ing their experience.
The Apple show remains on view for several
days longer, and we trust that those who have
the opportunity will not fail also to visit the
neighbouring gardens at Kew. Though it is
late in the season, the variety and interest in
the great national establishment are such as to
render a visit now, as, indeed, at all times,
specially profitable. Those familiar with the
corresponding institutions on the Continent —
even the best — will come back from their visit
to Kew with a feeling of well justified pride.
The great Palm-stove, the contents of which
have been rearranged during the summer, was
never seen to better advantage than at present.
Many of the old " scrubs " have been
removed, and the noble proportions of the
grand Palms, Cycads, Pandanads, &c., may
now be seen to better advantage than ever
within our remembrance. The general health
and beauty of the collections are worthy of
special notice. Ferns and Orchids afford
evidence of improved cultivation, the condition
of the Arboretum is constantly improving, the
nomenclature is being carefully attended to.
The tropical aquarium and the new rockery in
particular are still full of interesting subjects.
We look to Kew to furnish well-grown illus-
trations of plants of botanical and horticultural
interest which can hardly be so well seen in
private establishments. Indeed, we should
regret to see any attempt made to rival private
gardens in particular departments. We do not
care to see elaborate bedding-out at Kew, nor
to see there in the first rank plants of merely
decorative interest such as can be seen in any
good private establishment. Rather let us see
there plants that we cannot see elsewhere to
such advantage, and let us see there something
of the wealth of vegetation from which gar-
deners may select what is suitable for their
purposes. In any case, we strongly recommend
those gardeners who may be attracted to Chis-
wick by the more immediately practical allure-
ments of the Apple show by no means to omit
to give two or three days' careful study to the
varied departments of Kew.
The Apple Show at Chiswick. — It is
proposed on the closing day of this exhibition, next
Thursday, to celebrate the event at a dinner at the
headquarters of the Horticultural Club, Ashley's
Hotel, Covent Garden, at 6 p.m. Dr. Hogg will
take the chair, and the arrangements are in the
hands of Mr. Killick, to whom application should
be made for tickets at the Chiswick Garden.
A Fungus Foray of the combined societies
of Hackney, East London, Essex, Highbury, and
Walthamstow will visit Chingford to-day (Saturday)
by the 2.2 p.m. train from Liverpool Street. The
route will then be through Hawk Wood, Cuckoo Pits,
Beech Glade, &c., under the conductorship of Dr.
M. C. Cooke, Mr. J. English, Mr. Worthington
G. Smith, and Dr. H. L. Wharton. The members
of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society have a
foray of a similar nature fixed for the 27th inst. in the
woods near Watford, when Dr. Cooke, Mr. W. G.
Smith, and other gentlemen have promised to
attend.
Dahlias in October,— It is probably long
since such a fine collection of Dahlias was seen so late
in the season as that furnished by Messrs. Rawlings
Bros., of Romford, at the meeting of the Royal
Horticultural Society on Tuesday last. To be able
to show seventy-two blooms on October 9 is, indeed,
an achievement surprising and unusual. The charac<
ter of the season can be gauged by the fact that there
was a remarkable absence of coarseness and roughness ^
for so late a period of the season ; and some of the H
flowers would have done no discredit to a select stand "^
of twenty-four varieties.
The Seed Crops. — We have now reached
that period of the year when something like an
accurate estimate of the yield of garden seeds can be
formed. The state of the weather at harvest time
has much to do with it, and in this respect the present
year is a great improvement upon that of 1882. The
yield of Peas and Beans of the Longpod type is gene-
rally good, and from New Zealand have come accounts
of extraordinary crops, and very flne samples have
come to hand. There is no doubt that the competi-
tion from New Zealand with wrinkled and other Peas
must interfere with the English growers, as prices are
likely to rule low. Scarlet Runners and dwarf Beans
are late this season, and if frost comes the hopes of a
good crop in some quarters will be destroyed. A few
good samples of early dwarf French Beans have come
to hand. Carrot seed is everywhere almost a failure ;
the excessive cold and wet of the autumn and winter
having killed the plants. Cabbage is a very good crop
indeed, Broccolis and Kales show a good yield also.
The yield of Onion seed is one of the best for a few
years past. Of field seeds the yield of Swede is very
bad, the inclement weather at the time of planting out
in November preventing the roots from getting hold of
the ground, and the late frosts forced many of the
plants out of it. The Mangel Wurzel plant put
out last autumn has yielded a very poor crop ;
that put out in the spring furnishes a better return.
Yellow-fleshed Turnips are a fair crop, and the same
may be said of white-fleshed Turnips ; in a few places
the latter show a heavy crop. In regard to Clovers,
the crop of red in this country is a very fair one, and
samples are generally good. The French crops are
also good. As yet no definite returns have been
received either from the United States or Canada,
Respecting white Clover, the crops both at home and
abroad are reported to be very good. Trefoil is
reported to be a very short crop, the probable yield
of English-grown seed is said to be at present un-
certain.
LiNN^us, Nuttall, and Gray. — On the
occasion of the meeting of the American Association
of Nurserymen at St. Louis, three marble busts were
formally placed over the entrance to the newly erected
plant-house in the Missouri Botanical Garden. The
botanists thus honoured were Linnaeus, Asa Gray,
and Nuttall. Nuttall was an Englishman by
birth, who went early in life to Philadelphia, and
in his botanical zeal visited nearly every State in the
Union, crossed the continent to Oregon and the
Rocky Mountains, thence to the Sandwich Islands,
back to California, and afterwards to South America,
rounding Cape Horn and returning to the Atlantic
States. From his extended researches in the Western
States of the Union he has been termed the " Father
of Western Botany." He was born in 1786, and died
in 1859, Of Asa Gray, happily still with us, we
need say nothing. With us on this side of the Atlantic
he is not Mr. nor Professor, nor Doctor, but " AsA
Gray. " We could have wished that our Missouri
friends had given the botanists some better shelter than
the summit of a greenhouse porch affords,
Forcing Shrubs,— An interesting feature at
Messrs. Veitch & Son's nursery at Fulham is the
large number of shrubs grown specially for early or
winter forcing, and which are produced here specially
to supply the requirements of gardeners who find an
abundant supply of these shrubs indispensable, yet are
unable to produce them as nurserymen do. Gueldres
Roses, for instance, are very largely grown, and the
stock for the present season's sending out is in 32-
sized pots, and all stout, well-ripened stuff, full of
bloom-buds ; indeed, so firm and well-seasoned is the
growth, that when put into heat every bud will push,
and produce those big, round white balls of flower
which, outdoors, charm us so much in the early summer.
Staphylea colchica is another very free and capital
forcing plant. This blooms well after being in heat
about twenty-eight days, so that to have it in just at
some important time it is possible to assure certainty
almost to a day. Prunus sinensis is found, too, in.
n
470
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 1883.
large bulk, and is in great request, and so also is the
beautiful Deutzia crenata flore-pleno. So consider-
able of late has become the demand for plants of this
kind that it is difficult to satisfy it. Of course, plenty
of stuff may be had from the open ground that could
be potted up and forced, but the results would indeed
be poor as compared with those obtained from estab-
lished pot plants. Gardeners after forcing these
might break up the balls, and turn the plants out into
the open ground for a season, lifting and repotting
again, as after the plants have once been established
in pots, the dense cluster of roots will always remain.
To get them established in blooming-pots, and carry-
ing an abundance of blooming-wood is essentially the
work of the nurseryman, and at Southfields it is
done admirably.
Harvest Festival Flowers. — In no
respect do the demands for decorative material for
harvest festival church decorations abate, but without
doubt the chief requirement is found in flowers.
Some decorators are not without courage to ask for
substantial flowers, and by that of course mean such
ones as will endure for several days out of water.
Except it be our familiar, and anything but handsome
friend the big Sunflower, there are but few single
flowers that can be trusted to endure for a day or two,
much less for several. Single Dahlias are notoriously
fickle, and that beautiful autumn flower. Anemone
japonica alba, is not less so. Without doubt the best
for the purpose, and especially to last out those
wonderful semi-sacred designs, which now and again
display so much of questionable taste and industry, no
flowers can excel yellow, white and red, or scarlet
pompon Dahlias. Heavy colours, such as purple or
crimson, should not be employed, as in the dim
religious light of a church their hues are dim also.
Those who have to furnish a bulk of cut flowers for
these festivals should grow these pompon Dahlias
in a few striking colours largely. The true old double
Sunflower, Helianthus mulliflorus plenus, is one of the
best and most effective of bright yellow flowers to be
found in the autumn. We have seen this blooming at
a station on the South-Western Railway for the past
six weeks, and apparently always as full of bloom at
one time as at another. Asters of the Anemone class
of course are excellent, and white ones of the Victoria
section are easily had in quantity. It is best to sow a
portion later than usual, and flowers may be had in
abundance. Some of the summer or autumn bloom-
ing Chinese Chrysanthemums also are most useful ;
but to have the blooms fresh the plants should be kept
under glass for a week or two before cutting. These
are a lew things which the clergy themselves in the
country might grow.
Birds and Pears. — Those "dear little
dicky birds," whom ToM Ingoldsby wrote of with
so much serio-comic sentiment, have been showing
their lovableness in a very unpleasant fashion during
the autumn, by evincing a fondness for our Pears,
and especially for our finest fruits. This may show
much appreciation on their part for that which is
good, but is none the less a form of attention that is
extremely annoying. We like to see the birds about
our gardens, and to have in our labour their bright
pleasant company ; we like to find them extremely
useful in destroying for us those insect pests that
would be, without the birds, an intolerable nuisance.
In fact we have much natural love and admiration
for birds, but of course in their places ; in their own
peculiar sphere they are feathered angels, but out of
it, and in ours, they become — well, something quite
the reverse. When, after much hard labour and
patient watching, the season seems about to reward
our efforts with a fair crop, as seasons go, of good fruits,
it is indeed very exasperating to find that the finches
or the tomtits, or some other fiends in bird shape,
have pecked holes in all our finest samples,
and that those so served proceed to decay, and
in a week or two are but lumps of rottenness.
We cannot tolerate treatment of that kind, and
it is not easy to find a remedy. During the past
autumn Apples, too, have fallen victims to many
frugivorous loving creatures, and because of the
poignant feeling of anger which has been aroused,
the soul of many a good man has been placed in
critical danger. We cannot net our gardens univer-
sally, it is doubtful whether we can do so effectually
even in a smaller way, and we are in a quandary.
The birds, like the snake in the fable, have turned
upon their protectors, and the protectors will for their
own protection have to leave the birds to their fate.
The new police revolvers may find more useful work
amongst the birds than amongst the burglars.
PoMOLOGicAL Nomenclature. — In his
Presidential address to the American Pomological
Society, Mr. Marshall Wilder remarked : — " We
should have a system of rules consistent with our
science, regulated by common sense, and which shall
avoid ostentatious, indecorous, inappropriate and
superfluous names. Such a code your committee
have in hand, and I commend its adoption. Let us
have no more Generals, Colonels, or Captains
attached to the names of our fruits ; no more Presi-
dents, Governors, or titled dignitaries ; no more
Monarchs, Kings or Princes, no more Mammoths,
Giants or Tom Thumbs ; no more Nonsuches, Seek-
no-furthers, Ne plus ultras. Hog-pens, Sheep-noses,
Big Bobs, Ironclads, Legal Tenders, Sucker States,
or Stump-the- Worlds. Let us have no more long,
unpronounceable, irrelevant, high-flown, bombastic
names to our fruits, and, if possible, let us dispense
with the now confused terms of Belle, Beurre, Cale-
basse, Doyenne, Pearmain, Pippin, Seedling, Beauty,
Favourite, and other like useless and improper titles
to our fruits. The cases are very few where a single
word will not form a better name for a fruit than two
or more. Thus shall we establish a standard worthy
of imitation by other nations, and I suggest that we
ask the co-operation of all pomological and horti-
cultural societies, in this and foreign countries, in
carrying out this important reform. As the first
great national Pomological Society in origin, the
representative of the most extensive and promising
territory for fruit culture of which we have any know-
ledge, it became our duty to lead in this good work.
Let us continue it, and give to the world a system of
nomenclature for our fruits which shall be worthy of
the Society and the country — a system pure and plain
in its diction, pertinent and proper in its application,
and which shall be an example, not only for fruits,
but for other products of the earth, and save our
Society and the nation from the disgrace of unmean-
ing, pretentious and nonsensical names, to the most
perfect, useful, and beautiful productions of the soil
the world has ever known."
The Price of a Planet. — The Daily
TeU^^raph, in poking fun at Orchid lovers, has con-
trived to convey an intimation which may be of
interest to those afflicted with land-hunger. It tells
its readers that last spring £iiflo were paid in Stevens'
Rooms for two planets. Strangely, the writer does
not think the price was low !
Planting under Trees as it Should
Not Be Done. — There are many unsatisfactory
methods adopted to get rid of the bareness of the
earth under the shade of big trees, and as some of
these are to be found in gardens, public and private,
in which better things might be expected, it would
not be amiss to particularise one or two of them. The
first is a shady bank with both large and small trees
on it, planted with Ferns, underneath which the
ground is covered thickly with freshly- planted Sedums
of the S. acre type, which looks as if it were being fairly
dripped and shaded to death ; the other is planted
with succulents, such as the Sempervivum calcareum,
S. tabulare, and others in that style, mixed with
small Aloes, Eeaucarneas, Echeverias, &c. These
perhaps are intended to represent summer arrange-
ment, but then it is misleading to those not well up
in these things, and who are apt to desire to
see such things rendered perennial — an impossibility
in our country. In another place biennials were put
out with the laudable idea of covering the bare
ground, with very miserable results, for the covering
had been decidedly too much for them. Spergula is
sometimes tried, but it is not good ; nor is Pyrethrum
Tchihatchewi any better. Ajuga reptans, and the
red form of this plant, do fairly well, although the
very pretty flowers do not show themselves, and the
plants dwindle away in a few seasons. Bulbs of
various kinds can be used when the shade is not too
dense, so that diversity of colour can be had if desir-
able. These may consist of the Crocus, Tulip, Snow-
drop, most of the Narcissi, Fritillarias, Allium,
Sisyrinchium autumnale ; also the Funkias, Aeon-
itum napellum, and varieties of Rheum ; and amongst
the shrubs, Ligustrum in variety, Symphoricarpus
racemosus, Ribes, Cornus, Buxus, Ruscus androgy-
Dus and aculeatus. The several kinds of Vincas,
Mahonia Aquifolia, and Hypericum calycinum, will
grow, and keep fairly healthy, under the shade of
trees. To keep them in condition, annual dressings
with manure, or, what is better, manure and fresh
soil, are very necessary.
Hybrid Abutilons.— The following extract
from Muller's Fertilisation of Flowers is of in-
terest : —
"My brother, Fritz MtJller, has performed many
experiments on this plant at Stajahy with the following
restilts : —
" I. All the species of Abutilon growing there, and
their hybrids, are barren (with, perhaps, one exception)
when fertilised with their own pollen.
" 2 . In those species which are unproductive with
their own pollen the pollen of their near relations (the
parent plants or their offspring) is less efficient than
pollen from more distantly related or unconnected plants.
"3. The application of pollen from several different
species gives a greater yield of seed than pollen from a
single other species only.
"4. The simultaneous application of pollen ot two
species always produces seedlings of two kinds ; not as
in the experiments of Koelreuter and G.\rtner on
other plants, where the simultaneous application of two
species of pollen always produced seedlings of one kind
only.
' ' Among hybrids of the genus Abutilon there is more
or less complete sterility between nearly related indi-
viduals— between parent plants and their offspring,
between offspring of the same parents in common, or
even between plants which have only one parent in
common.
" By considering from a common point of view the
diminution of fertilily in too close interbreeding, and in
the production of hybrids, Fritz Muller arrives at
the following law ; — Every plant, to produce vigorous
and prolific offspring, requires a certain degree of differ-
ence between the male and female principles which
coalesce ; and when this amount of difference is too
great or too small, i.e., when the parent plants are too
distantly or too closely related, the productiveness falls
oif. Further, the greater the amount ot difference be-
tween the sexual principles that is requisite for full
productiveness in a certain plant the greater chance will
there be — cistcris paribus — of that plant proving fruitful
when crossed with much more distant relatives. Thus,
species in which individuals are quite sterile with their
own pollen, and more or less unfertile to pollen from
closely related individuals, will in general be specially
likely to form hybrids with other species."
— — Tuberous Begonias.— The value of these
for bedding purposes is attested by a boxful of really
beautiful flowers of all colours, from white to yellow,
cream coloured, light rose to deep crimson, which
have been sent to us by Messrs. J. Laing & Co.
That they should so well have borne the buffeting of
the late storms of wind and rain is a great point in
their favour.
The Coffee - Leaf Disease. — Mr. Jar.
DINE thus writes in the Ceylon Observer of his trial
of Mr. Storck's method of dealing with the He-
mileia : —
" WjUing to give the experiment every justice, I have
for the last eight months had fifty tins with pure carbolic
acid placed under fifty trees, the trees being all close
together, and the acid renewed four times within this
period, and I exceedingly regret to say that I have not
during this lime seen the least difference between these
trees and others not treated, not even in retarding the
fall of leaf. All the conditions necessary for the testing
of the power of the acid on the spores were, I think it
will be admitted, present here ; and as Mr. Marshall
Ward states, that the only time the acid can have any
effect is when the germinal tube is exposed to its
influence before entering the stoma, surely here,
if at any time, its results would have been apparent
in the destruction of these germinal tubes. But
what do we find ? — frequent crops of healthy spores.
Mr. Storck wrote so positively, that I and others who
tried his remedy were most sanguine of success, and
reluctant to admit failure ; and it was only when month
after month went by, and we saw no mitigation of the
disease, other than occurred naturally, that we were forced
to the belief that carbolic acid vapour had no effect upon
leaf-disease. Whether the carlaoUc remedy proves a
success or a failure, Mr. Storck is entitled to the thanks
of all Ceylon planters for initiating the experiments,
and for the intelligence, patience, and perseverance he
has shown in conducting them. ' It is better to have
tried and failed, than never to have tried at all.' Like
many others who have propounded a remedy for Coffee-
leaf disease, Mr. Storck has been too sanguine, and has
allowed his hopes to outrun his judgment ; his having
October 13, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
471
changed his method so often proves this, and [shows]
thai he was too hasty in liis first conclusions."
Gazania LONGiscArA.— Mr. J. Medley
Wood, writing from the Natal Botanic Garden, says :
— " I see in the GarJcncrs' Chronicle, vol. xx., p. 77, a
notice of this plant, which is found in abundance all
over Natal and Zululand. It may perhaps be interest-
ing to some of your readers to know that the tomen-
tum found upon the lower side of the leaves forms the
only dress worn by a large number of the native Zulu
girls, and frequently in the native locations young
women of mature age may be seen with no other
covering than what is afl'orded by a fringe of from 4
to 6 inches deep, made from this plant. The back of
the leaf is scraped with the thumb-nail and the woolly
covering removed, which is then twisted, soaked in
fat, and attached to a string until sufficient is collected
to form a thick fringe which is then tied round the
loins. The root of the plant is pounded between
stones, mixed with a large quantity of water, and used
as an emetic. In the Flora Capctssis the native name
is said incorrectly loibe Bcnsh, it should be Ubtiihla."
Market Gardeneks', Nurserymen's, and
Farmers' Association. — At the quarterly com-
mittee meeting, held at the "Bedford Head Hotel,"
Covent Garden, W.C, the secretary was instructed
to write a letter conveying the thanks of the com-
mittee toj. Si'ENCER Balfour, Esq., M.P., for his
kindness in bringing the amendment before the
House of Commons to include market garden hold-
ings in the Agricultural Holdings Act (England).
It was resolved that, as it is rumoured that the Duke
of Bedford has oft'ered to dispose of his interest in
Covent Garden Market to the Board of Works, the
committee watch the proposed transfer, and carefully
guard the interests of the Association.
The Future of Pomology. — The brave-
hearted, eloquent, and venerable President of the
American Pomological Society thus concludes his
address. We have no doubt his stirring appeals will be
heard and acted on long after his voice is silent on this
earth, but whether in the way suggested, or in some
other, is unimportant : — " Thus have I spoken for a
long course of years of the importance of this branch
of our duly. Thus would I preach while life shall
l.ist. ' Plant the most mature and perfect seeds of
the most hardy, vigorous and valuable varieties, and
as a shorter process, insuring more certain and happy
results, cross and hybridise our fines! kinds for still
greater excellence.' And should my muse be able to
reach you from the spirit land, she would, as with
telephonic voice, still chant in your ears the same old
song-
Plant the best seeds of every good fruit,
Good fruits to raise, some lands to suit ;
Fruits which shall live, their bounties to shed.
On millions of souls, when you shall be dead.
These are creations that do the world good,
Treasures and pleasures, with health in your food ;
Pleasures which leave in the mem'ry no sting.
No grief on the soul, no stain on Time's wing."
Agricui.tukal Botany.— Dr. E. L. Stur-
tevant, says the American Botanical Gazette, in
reporting the doings of the botanists at the American
Association for the Advancement of Science at
Minneapolis, "struck out boldly in a new and
very important field. He claimed that all fixed
varieties of the agriculturist and horticulturist
are fit subjects of classification, and that for
convenience of identification they should be clas-
sified. Such arrangement, however, should not
be made to coincide with ordinary botanical
classification, for in the latter species are treated as
the resultants of natural forces ; but in order to
produce the varieties of agriculture and horticulture
an entirely new force comes into play, namely, the
intelligence ol man, and its results should be classi-
fied on a new basis. A scheme was hinted at, but
not clearly defined ; but enough was given to make
it evident that the author had opened up a new world
of labour, which it is for him now to cultivate, and
which will amply repay investigation in many more
directions than agriculture and horticulture. "
Walker's Perpetual Bearer Pea. — This
valuable late variety is a selection frjm Veitch's Per-
fection, obtained by Mr. John Walker, nurseryman,
Thame, and it was distributed by Messrs. Nutting
& Sons about two years ago. Its great value lies in
the fact that it is not only a late but a perpetual
bearer, yielding a good succession of pickings, and it
appears to resist mildew to a remarkable degree. At
the annual exhibition of the Thame llorlicullural
Society on September 19, Mr. Walicer offered prizes
for the best fifty pods, and there were twenty com-
petitors, some of the exhibitors staging very fine
examples, with a rich bloom on them, just what one
would expect to see early in July. There was a
remarkable competition, the pods coming from various
parts of the district round Thame, and ditferent soils
appear to suit it. A large quantity of pods were also
shown by Mr. Walker in very fine condition ; in
addition there was a single plant of this Pea with half
a dozen leading stems, and several lateral shoots
thrown out from the main one, trained out to a trellis,
fan-shaped, and on this plant we counted just over
270 pods. Allowing for five Peas in a pod, there
would be a marvellous increase. The free branching
habit of this variety appears to be another character-
istic of decided value. It has amply vindicated its
claim to the First-class Certificate of Merit given to it
by the Royal Horticultural Society.
COMl'LETION OF the " PINETUM BrITAN-
NICUM." — We extract from a circular just issued the
following particulars, which will be of interest to all
lovers of Conifers : — " The costly nature of the pub-
lication and its unremunerative results may perhaps
be accepted as some apology for its interruption ; but
in his desire to keep faith with the subscribers, the
proprietor feels that it is incumbent on him to pro-
ceed with the work, trusting to reap in the future, by
the sale of copies of the complete volume, some
reward for his labour and expenditure. As originally
announced, the present series of the Pinctnni Britan-
niciim will be completed in fifty parts, thirty-seven of
which have already been published. The remainder
will be issued as follows : — Parts 38 to 42 on Novem-
ber I ; parts 43 to 48 on December i ; parts 49 and
50, with title and index, January I. Subscribers who
require back parts to complete their sets are requested
to make application without delay, as very few remain
on hand. There will be a few complete sets for sale
after the publication of the last part, orders for which
should be at once sent in. Communications relative
to the work to be addressed to Mr. Edward
Ravekscroft, 14, Loudoun Road, St. John's Wood,
N.W. ; or to Messrs. W, Blackwood & Sons,
publishers, George Street, Edinburgh, and Pater-
noster Row, London."
— The Sanitary Institute of Great
Britain has awarded to Mr. James Keith, gas,
hydraulic, and heating engineer, London, Edinburgh,
and Arbroath, the highest honour, viz., the Medal,
for the best hot-water boiler in the heating section,
class III, at the Sanitary Exhibition now being held
in Glasgow. — We learn also that Messrs. Chadborn
S: Coldwell were awarded the 1st prize, a Silver
Medal, for their Excelsior lawn-mower, at the recent
horticultural show in Hesketh Park, held in conjunc-
tion with the meeting of the British Association at
Southport.
Presentation. — On Saturday last the mem-
bers of the Whitburn (county Durham) Cricket Club
entertained Mr. T. DoBSON at dinner, and presented
him with a tea service and a purse of gold in recog-
nition of his services as Honorary Secretary during the
long period of twenty-one years. Sir Hed worth Wil-
liamson, Bart, (whose head gardener Mr. DoBSON
has been for twenty-six years), made the presentation
in kindly terms, wishing Mr. DoBSON might long be
spared to remain at Whitburn. Mr. Dobson, in
reply, spoke of the good feeling that had always been
shown him by the members, and also by his neigh-
bours and his employer.
Insects and their Food. — Those insects
whose bodily organisation is least adapted for a floral
diet are also least ingenious and skilful in seeking and
obtaining their food, so that in anthophillous insects
intelligence seems to advance pari passu with struc-
tural adaptation. The following examples may serve
to illustrate the point : — Coccinella septempunctata,
the common ladybird, which is not adapted at all for
a floral diet, behaves so awkwardly on flowers of
Erodium cicutarium that it generally loses its hold
and often falls to the ground, and many attempts fail
to make it more skilful, Sarcophaga carnaria seeks
honey diligently on flowers of Polygonum bistorta,
but it usually misses its aim in trying to insert its pro-
boscis into the flowers ; Anilrena albicans at first is
equally awkward, but gradually becomes more skilful,
and learns to insert its proboscis with greater accu-
racy. The hive-bee never fails in any case to insert
its proboscis accurately. " The Fertilisation of
flo-uvrs," ly Professor Midler (/. 571).
The Weather.— General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Oct. 8, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London ; — The weather during this period
has been generally cloudy and hazy over England
and Ireland, with some rather heavy falls of rain over
our north-eastern and eastern counties. In the east
and north of Scotland, however, the latter part of the
week has been characterised by very clear skies and
abnormally warm weather. The temperature has
been below the mean in nearly all districts, the deficit
in the south and east of England being as much as 5^.
In "Ireland, N.," the temperature has been about
equal to the mean, but in "Scotland, E.," owing to
high readings of the thermometer during the last few
days of the period, the average for the week is a little
above its normal value. The maxima were very
generally recorded either on the 7th or Sth, and varied
from 58° in "England, N.W.," and 62° in "Eng-
land, S.," and " Scotland, W.," to 70° in " England,
N. E.," and 74° in " Scotland, E." In the last-
named district the maximum was 2" higher than any
recorded during the past summer. The minima,
which were registered on diff'erent days in various
localities, were as low as 32° in " England, S.," and
the "Midland Counties," and between 34° and 37°
elsewhere. The rainfall has been rather more than
the mean in the east and north-east of England, but
less in all other districts. Bright sunshine percentages
show a considerable increase in Scotland and the
north of England, but a decrease in most other parts
of the kingdom. In "Scotland, E.," the percentage
of possible duration was as high as 57, whence it fell
to 43 in " Scotland, W.," to 39 in " England, N.E.,"
to 25 in the "Midland Counties, and to 23 in " Eng-
land, E. " Depressions observed. — During the greater
part of this period the barometer has been highest in
the western and south-western parts of our area, while
some depressions have travelled south-south-eastwards
over our islands and the North Sea. The disturbance,
whose centre was shown off the Norfolk coast at
S A.M. on the 4th, had increased greatly in depth
during the previous night, causing the wind, which
till that date had been moderate from the N. or
N.W., to blow a gale from the N. over eastern Eng-
land. By the morning of the 7th the conditions had
undergone a considerable change. A large depression,
which subsequently passed eastwards over Scandinavia,
had been observed] approaching the north of Norway
from the westward. The winds at all except our
south-western stations consequently backed to the
W., and in the north of Scotland blew strongly.
Publications Received. — Observations
on the Soils and Prodiiceof Florida. By W. Saunders.
— Address at the Nineteenth Session of the American
Pomological Society. By Marshall P. Wilder.
Gardening Appointments.— Mr. J. Wig-
gins, late Gardener to Henry Little, Esq., Hill-
ingdon Place, Uxbridge, as Gardener to — Clay,
Esq., Kingston-on-Thames.— Mr. VVm. Young, Fore-
man at Alloa Park, Alloa, N.B., as Gardener to
W. F. Stanley, Esq., Cumbetlow, South Norwood,
London.- Mr. Wm. Foulds, lately Gardener at Bal-
quharn, Stirlingshire, as Gardener to Thomas E.
Ogilvie, Esq., Chesters, Jedburgh.— Mr. Wm.
PiKIE, lately Gardener at North Cliff, North Queens-
ferry, as Gardener to Mrs. Roney-Dougal, Ratho
Park, Ratho, N.B.— Mr. John Dow, lately Under
Gardener at Moredun, Liberton, N.B., as Gardener
to General Hope, Inveresk Lodge, Inveresk, N.B.—
Mr. E. Jones, late Gardener to Sir S. M. Wilson,
Bart., Uckfield, Sussex, as Gardener to W. GlL-
STRAP, Esq., Farnham Park, Bury St. Edmunds.—
Mr. H. Cook, for the last five years Gardener to
W. S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking, as Gar-
dener to Sir E. G. Moon, Bart., Fetcham Rectory,
Leatherhead, Surrey.— Mr. G. CooK, lately Gardener
at Launde Abbey, Leicester, as Gardener at Quorn-
don House, Loughborough, in succession to Mr, W.
HOLAH.
472
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 1883.
Y^Qfz 5^°RR^?p°^°'^j^^^-
Pterocarya caucasica. — One of the finest trees
in this country was destroyed by the gale on the
4th inst., in the Cambridge Botanic Garden. It was
a splendid tree, and measured 51 feet in height by as
much through. There were five main branches
springing together from the ground, and it can be
seen now that their bases were much decayed though
it had not in any way diminished the vigour of the
tree. It was close to water, just where it grows best,
though it appears that the moisture which gave it
immense vigour, produced also the decay which made
it an easy victim of the storm. Loudon gives the
height as being from 20 to 40 feet, but this specimen
had an addition of at least II feet, while there is
another tree close by which appears to be somewhat
taller, though it is not, by far, so fine a specimen as
this was. Loudon says it is somewhat tender, but no
injury happened to these trees during the severe winters
of the last few years. It is one of the most handsomely
umbrageous trees that I know, and its fine pinnate
leaves, in one case I have measured 22 inches long,
have often been the subject of remark. I notice the
interesting peculiarity that each leaf has two buds,
the one in its axil, the other a quarter of an inch or
half an inch immediately above, and that the upper
bud is usually the one to grow. In some cases both
of them grow, when one is ultimately superseded by
the other. Of course there are other instances of the
same thing ; I notice it in three species of Juglans, and
Sachs mentions Aristolochia Sipho, Gleditschia and
Lonicera, but there is none more striking than this
because of the distance there is between the two buds,
though in Gleditschia I find a near approach, R. Irwin
Lynch.
Nepenthes bicalcarata.— I have sent you a box
containing a pitcher of Nepenthes bicalcarata. This
pitcher was fully matured at the end of June, so that
in colour (being old) it is a darker brown than a
freshly matured pitcher would be. Since June the plant
has made three more pitchers, and the following figures
will show the increase in the size of the pitchers and
leaves, from the first week in June to the last week in
September : — The largest leaf, from the stem to the
end of the pitcher, measured at the beginning of June
36 inches, and 4 inches in breadth, and when the
leaf was matured at the end of September] it mea-
sured, from the stem to the end of the pitcher,
53 inches, and 5J in breadth. The height of the
stem at the end of June was iS inches, and since that
time it has grown to 28 inches.
Circumference
of Pitcher.
Length
o( Pitcher.
First week in June
Inches.
Inches.
Last week in June
II
63^
12
7
"K
W^
Last week in September
12^
8
The plant is in perfect health, and since I bought it,
a small plant, at Whitsuntide, 18S2, it has always
done well. As you will see, bicalcarata is a grand
representative of the Nepenthes family, yos. Broome^
Didsbtiry^ Manchester. [The pitcher, which ap-
proaches in size the native specimen in Messrs.
Veitch's possession, and which was figured by us at
p. 201, vol. xiii., is certainly the finest we have seen
of home growth. Ed.]
Ixora Duffii. — The plant alluded to in these
pages three weeks since as being in flower at Kew,
has been determined at the Kew Herbarium to be Ixora
macrothyrsa of Teysmann and Bennendyk, and
should therefore in future be known under that name.
It is a very grand species. N. E^ Brown,
Garden Anemones. — My beds of these, which
gave such grand bloom last spring from eight months
plants, now illustrate the value of leaving the roots
in the ground all the summer. Instead of being just
replanted, as is too often the case, my beds are
one mass of leafage, and already are throwing up
flowers ; indeed if we have an open winter the
beds will not be without flowers from now till the
end of May or June next. Two months of the hot
dry weather which prevailed here during the summer
amply sufficed to rest the roots, and now from out of
the baking drought they have come under the influ-
ence of the autumn rains like giants refreshed. Three
years is ample for the duration of a bed of Anemones,
because so freely do they seed and so readily are they
reproduced from seed that no useful purpose is
answered by keeping the roots longer. Seed saved
this summer and sown as soon as ripe have given
myriads of plants, and these, dibbled out in beds a
few weeks since, are growing well, and, unless hard
weather supervene, will grow all the winter. It is
surprising to note how fine the plants will become
in a few months, and how grandly they will bloom
in the spring. Gardeners who want a big lot of cut
flowers should grow plenty of Anemones. A, D,
How to Preserve Mountain Ash Berries. — I
have been told, but I have not tried it, that if you
make a strong solution of salt and water, boil it, and
let it cool, then lay freshly-picked bunches of the Ash
berries in it ; they will keep red and plump for several
months. One lady told me that she put the berries
into jars, and suspended the bunches in it, but this
plan entails more trouble, besides which you could
not preserve so many bunches as in a large shallow
dish. The brine must cover the bunches. They will
only need careful wiping when taken out, Helen
IVatney,
Erigeron mucronatum. — This pretty little pink
and white Australian Daisy, formerly named Vitta-
denia triloba, is well known, but thirty years' ex-
perience as a schoolmaster has taught me that it is not
superfluous frequently to call attention to things which
are or ought to be well-known. No flower is more
admired by floral critics of good taste, forming as it
does neat procumbent bushes a few inches high,
covered from early summer to late autumn with its
flowers varied from pure white to bright pink. I
cannot discover that the whiteness or pinkness is sub-
ject to any rule, as both the white flowers and pink
flowers have their own colour from first to last. It is
said to be killed by severe winters, but it comes up
so abundantly from self-sown seed, and makes such
good flowering plants in a year, that I have never
missed it. This free growth from seed is perhaps its
chief objection ; for though it is easily weeded-out,
one feels disposed to spare so pretty a plant where it
seems to be doing no harm ; but in the jungle of
autumnal growth it becomes too large for the allotted
space and overgrows alpines which ought to be left
bare. For early flowering, plants may be pulled to
pieces in autumn, and kept many in a pot in a cold
frame to be planted-out in April. For covering tile
edging, where the border is a little above the level of
the walk, this plant is excellent. C. Wolley Dod^ Edge
Hall, Malpas, Oct, 6.
Seedling Nepenthes. — Amongst many real and
some imaginary likenesses between insectivorous
plants is a curious one between the petiole of
Diontea and the leaf of seedling Nepenthes, As in
seedlings of Darlingtonia and Sarracenia, the first
leaves after the cotyledons are pitchered ; some of
these leaves are not over half-an-inch long, the petiole
being very broad in proportion, and the hairs also
strongly developed on both lid and wings. The mid-
rib of the leaf is continued up the back of the Httle
pitcher, but on the upper side of the leaf it, at first
sight, appears as if divided into two branches, having
the pitcher placed between them. Hundreds of
seedlings of N. Rafflesiana x N. Chelsoni, from less
than I inch to about 3 inches across, are now growing
in the Nepenthes-stove in the Edmburgh Gardens,
C. M. O.
Crocus speciosus and Colchicum speciosum.
— The first named deserves all that has been said in.
its favour at page 42S. It is really a very pretty
species, and propagates itself at a great rate. The
Cochicum flowers at the same time, is a very showy
species, and a beautiful border flower. In its way it
is quite as desirable as the Crocus. 7- ■^•
Afforestation in Ireland (p. 400). — Although
personally disinterested, Irishmen should be grateful
to you for not losing sight of the advantage tree
planting in Ireland would confer, not only in the im-
mediate employment it would give, but in the manner
it would change the appearance of the whole face of
the country in a few years. Prospectively, as you
point out, the advantages would be still more appa-
rent, not only enriching the owner, but giving
employment to numberless artisans and others who
use timber trees as their raw material of workman-
ship, &c. I would, with your permission, take
exception to your recommendation to sow the seed in
preference to using established plants, in case of the
Oak and other similar forest trees in cultivated lands,
for these reasons : — 1st, such land will not be used
for such a purpose ; 2d, nurseries are full of trees
frequently transplanted ; 3d, where seed is used there
may be unseemly blanks ; and 4th, seme years would
be lost in growth, IF, % Ahirphy, Clonmel.
Hop "Condition." — I observe in a German
brewing journal that it is asserted by Dr. Broignart,
of the Agricultural Research Station at Wichenstephan,
that the golden microscopic dust on Hops, generally
known to English growers as "condition," and in
which the finest properties of the Hops are supposed
to reside, does not increase in quantity with the growth
of the inflorescence. It is, he maintains, present in
full quantity at the first development of the latter,
and does not increase, though the chemical properties
may be modified by growth. This idea is ridiculed
by some, who maintain that both the quantity and
quality of the "condition " depend on the age of the
inflorescence. Can you give me any information on
this point, or refer me to authentic data bearing there-
upon? H, M.^ Chichester.
Bombax pentandrum. — A plant of Bombax
pentandrum in the Palm-house in the Edinburgh
Botanic Garden has flowered this season, whether for
the first time here Mr. Lindsay is not sure, but cer-
tainly it has not done so for many years. The leaves
are digitate, 4 to 6 inches across, with seven to nine
leaflets. The flower is very peculiar, more curious
than pretty. The cup-shaped calyx is hardly i inch
in length. The five narrow strap-shaped, greenish-
white petals, hardly half an inch wide, are over 6
inches long. The stamens form a tassel at the end of
a tube 2.\ inches long ; they are divided into several
phalanges, the filaments of these phalanges bifurcat-
ing, and having the two anthers at their extremities.
This tree has been grown here for very many years,
and is about 60 feet high. C, M. 0,
Ironz/. Shade in Effecting a Change of Colour
in Hydrangeas. — There has been a little difference of
opinion on this subject amongst the contributors to
Land and Water during the last two months, and the
matter seems as far from being decided as ever, so
being one of the parties concerned in the discussion, I
would fain solicit the opinion of some of the scientific
contributors to the Gardeners^ Chronicle. I believe
— and my belief is drawn from experience — that pink
flowering Hydrangeas will bear blue blossom when
grown in soil that has iron in it [there are
not many without], although they are exposed
to the full glare of the sun. Another writer in
Land and Water affirms that the change of hue is
effected by shade. I will not assert that shade does not
change the colour of Hydrangeas, for I know a pink
one bore creamy-white blooms in my little greenhouse
this year, and when the foliage of the overhanging
Vine was removed to allow of the Grapes ripening,
the white Hydrangea changed again to a pale green
spotted with pink blotches, but never a trace of blue
can I find. Will some of your readers kindly give their
experience ? I am no geologist j I know nothing of
science ; but I do know that years ago some pink
Hydrangeas in the old garden at home bore blue
flowers when planted on a portion of the grounds
called "The Old Tip," because it had formerly been
the spot, or " tip," where the refuse from my father's
(Mr. Raby's) iron furnaces had been cast out; and
when we removed any of these blue Hydrangeas from
the " tip " to other parts of the grounds they reverted
to pink again. Heleii E. IFatney, Tip, Hampshire,
[Your contention is the correct one. Shade of itself
will not cause the flowers to come blue, but if too
dense will prevent the plant from flowering at all.
Watering Plants with sulphate of iron will cause the
flowers to come blue ; but the exact proportions
applied we do not know. Ed.]
Campanula hederacea. — This pretty little native
Campanula is seldom seen in great quantity, and
usually in rather damp, marshy ground ; but judge
of my surprise to find a patch 4 yards square growing
on a dry bank beneath Beech trees. When seen in
good-sized patches this plant has a very pleasing
appearance, the drooping bell-shaped flowers almost
hiding the miniature Ivy-like foliage from view. It
is readily transplanted, and soon forms one of the
best carpets for the taller growing plants or Ferns
with which I am acquainted. A. D, Webster,
Prunus Pissardi.— Seeing the remarks in your
paper of the 6th inst. by " G. N." respecting
Prunus Pissardi, I may just say that no plant in
my nursery in this part of " the garden of Eng-
land " has attracted the attention of visitors more
than this beautiful foliaged plant, which thrives so
well in this healthy locality. When better known it
will, no doubt, be wanted in nearly every garden of
those who value such sterling novelties. Wm. Potten^
Camden Nursery, Sissin^hurst, Kent,
Aster Isevis. — This is one of the most beautiful of
all the Michaelmas Daisies, and there are several
forms of it flowering at different times, earlier or
later in the autumn. Mr. Parker sent me the finest
variety I have yet seen ; it is a dwarf form. The plants
are now in full beauty, about 18 inches high, and
flowered almost to the ground. I saw a tall lorm last
year in Mr. Cannell's nursery at Swanley with flowers
exactly like our own variety, but more than as tall
again. Thinking it was the character of the soil I
had a plant of it for comparison, but I find the
difference in habit is the same here. They are both
well worthy of culture. J, D.
Shelters and Wind-guards, — Your interesting
note on Sir W. Armstrong's glass shelters reminds
me of a wish I have often felt for some cheap handy
\
October 13, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
473
movable wind-guard for garden use during the winter
and early spring. In the neighbourhood of Bourne-
mouth the gardens are everywhere fenced in with
wattled hurdles, about 3 or 4 feet high, njade in long
lengths, and fastened to stout posts to give them
steadiness. Now these are the very things we want,
and if some poor people could be set to work in dis-
tricts where coppice wood abounds to make wattled
hurdles in lengths of 6 and 9 feet by 3 feet wide,
there would, I feel sure, be a large demand for them.
I understand the Bournemouth fencing, 3 feet high,
costs \^d. a yard, or say half-a-crown for a 6 feet
hurdle, closely wattled. With these you could break
the force of east winds in March and April at exposed
points. Vou could in winter make snug squares
wherein to shelter Roses, and in autumn they would
furnish admirable shade for Auriculas and Polyan-
thuses. They would make picturesque fences in your
flower gardens, whereon could be trained Roses,
Clematises, &c., and for espalier work in the fruit
garden they would serve admirably. I shall be very
glad if any one can help me to a few dozens of these
wattled hurdles. W. Brochbaiih, Brockhurst, Didshitiy.
Michaelmas Daisies. — As these are not confined
to the genus Aster perhaps the above collective title
suits them best, especially as those are most valuable
for garden decoration which come in flower during
September, and for nearly two months form the chief
ornaments of the herbaceous border in autumn.
Boltonia latisquama seems to be nearly as variable
a plant as B. indica. It grows 6 feet or more high,
with many stems, having upright branches and smooth
lanceolate leaves. I have three distinct forms, one
with white flowers the size and shape of a common
Daisy ; a second has flowers twice the size, with long
wavy rays of light pink — this is the best form ; a
third is intermediate between them. Aster la;vis var.
decorus. — I raised a very distinct and elegant Aster
last year from Mr. Thompson's seed with this name.
Mr. Thompson tells me the seed was from Paris. The
plants have now several stems 3 feet high, the heads
being nearly as much across. The flowering branches
make a close hemispherical mass, covered with
flowers about an inch across, with a broad disc of
clear yellow, and a dense row of rays very evenly
arranged, pale blue-lilac in colour. Its appearance is
very distinct from the ordinary type of A. tevis. I
sent a specimen to Kew, and was told that it exactly
corresponds with a specimen in the herbarium labelled
A. decorus, which was obtained from Paris, I think,
in 1814. This specimen is referred by Dr. Asa Gray
to a variety of A. laevis. Aster versicolor var. niveus.
— A very good flower given to me by the late Mr.
Harpur-Crewe as A. niveus, but referred at Kew to
A. versicolor, niveus being proposed as a varietal
name. The flowers are larger than those of the type,
and white, from which they never change to purple, as
those of the ordinary versicolor do. The variety is
not more than half the height of the type, seldom
exceeding 3 feet. It is one of the best Michaelmas
Daisies I have. I have mentioned these three plants
especially to show that horticulturists must be on the
look-out for varietal forms of Asters, and that it is not
enough to obtain the species correct according to
name, as varieties often exist in cultivation which for
garden decoration are far superior to the specific
types ; and horticulture would benefit by their being
brought together. I can think of no more suitable place
for a collection of good garden forms of Michaelmas
Daisies to be exhibited on probation than the garden
of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick. No
Daisy should be admitted unless it is a flower of
decided merit. A border 30 yards long and 3 wide
would easily hold a hundred plants, and from these
about thirty might in due time be selected for distri-
bution as the best of their kind. I would gladly
supply fifty good kinds to commence such a collection,
and those of inferior merit might from time to time
be eliminated as better varieties were supplied. C.
Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas, Sept. 24.
Bedding Dahlias. — Now that Dahlias are again
establishing themselves in public favour, and securing
that share of attention they so justly merit, the note
of "A. D.," p. 377, bringing under notice the great
improvement in height of even the exhibition varieties
now being sent out, compared with older forms, run-
ning up to 5 feet and upwards, is seasonable and well
calculated to induce the extended cultivation of
dwarfer forms. It may interest "A. D.," however,
to know that the one described by him as the beau
ideal ai an effective bedder, viz., Rising Sun, is a
comparatively old variety, having been raised by my
father over twenty years ago. The immediate influ-
ence that such a dwarf form of the exhibition section
might have been expected to have exercised was,
however, delayed by its persistent refusal for years to
ripen sound seed, except where fertilised with the
pollen of others ; and in the latter case the resulting
seedlings seemed to benefit little by the dwarfness of
one of the parents. Undoubtedly Rising Sun may
have influenced the present race of dwarfer forms as
pollen-bearing parent, but until last season I have seen
no perfect seed from itself that retained its dwarf
character. This season seven seedlings, now flower-
ing, resulting from as many seeds — the whole crop
— appear to be of a similarly dwarf habit to the parent,
and retain its character of throwing flowers some
6 or 8 inches above the compact mass of foliage, little
more than a foot in height. The large-flowering
section of D.ihlias has been banished from some gar-
dens because of their excessive height, and because of
the trouble of keeping them secured from the injury
resulting to their brittle stems from high winds. Now,
however, there is less need for complaint upon that
score, and dwarf or tall, single or double, large or
small-flowered sections, all find a considerable number
of admirers. Ralph Crossling, Penarth Nurseries.
Campanula Van Houttei. — With reference to
the statement of M. Rodigas that this plant is a
hybrid between C. nobilis and C. grandiflora, if by
the latter plant is meant the Platycodongrandiflorum,
DC, I for one can scarcely credit the assertion.
Van Iloutte himself always stated in his catalogues
that the cross was between C. nobilis and C. macran-
tha, which all who are acquainted with the plant will
admit is far more probable. JV. T. I.
Apples at Chiswick. — In addition to those men-
tioned as having been sent from East Lothian, Mr.
McLean Stevenson sent a collection of twenty-four
kinds. Some ninety (not forty-six) varieties were also
sent from Tynningham. A kind labelled East
Lothian Seedling in the Gilmerton collection is
worthy of note as a free-bearing good early dessert
kind. R. P. B.
Larch Tree Struck by Lightning. — During the
severe thunderstorm of Thursday night last a Larch
tree growing in the centre of one of our largest
plantations was struck by lightning, and partially
denuded of its bark for a distance of 30 feet from the
ground. After careful examination I have come to
the conclusion that the lightning struck the tree close
to the ground, and travelled up the stem in a spiral
form for 30 feet, at which point the intervention of a
large branch caused it to change from the regular
course and slide off the tree. A strip of bark fully 2
inches wide at the base, and gradually tapering to
about half that width at the top, was completely
removed from the tree, and strewn in shreds on the
ground beneath. Strange to say, the wood of the
tree is not in the least damaged, nor has the bark
removed by the lightning either a scorched appearance
or sulphureous smell. A curious fact in connection
with the above is, that the lightning in travelling along
the stem diverted several times from a straight course
to avoid coming in contact with the branches. A. D.
Webster, Peitrhyn Castle, North Wales, Oct. 8.
FOJ\ESTf^Y.
Forest Work for October: Plantixg,— All
necessary operations as to fencing, draining, and put-
ting in order the ground intended for planting during
the present season being now completed, the next few
weeks will be a busy time with the forester who wishes
to be abreast of his work and determined to carry it
through in the most efficient and successful manner.
Early planting has everything in its favour, so the
largest and finest specimens may now be transplanted
with the greatest certainty of success ; indeed, at no
other season can they be removed at so little risk of
failure, and consequently at less cost, since at no time
have less labour and attention to be bestowed upon
them afterwards to ensure success as the present.
Every day of open weather will therefore be of the
utmost importance to the planter, and it is to be hoped
that all preliminary arrangements have been carefully
made so that a day will not be lost now that the
season has arrived. Forest trees of all kinds have
made a splendid growth in the nurseries this season,
and will soon be in a first-rate condition for removal
to woods and plantations. The planting of evergreens
and Conifers in particular should be proceeded with
as early as possible, following with the deciduous
trees as soon as they are sufficiently matured to bear
removal. The more active and vigorous, however,
the growing powers of the plant are when removed,
the more fresh roots it will produce immediately after
being planted, and consequently the greater will be
the ultimate success. All low-lying damp ground,
peat bog, and such soils as are of a cold, stiff nature
should be reserved for spring planting, when the
drains which were cut in the course of preparing the
ground will have had time to act, and the soil be in a
better and more fitting state to receive the young plants.
Where pitting is required for large plants in such
soils they should be dug at once so as to receive the
full benefit of the winter frosts. During the work of
planting proper precaution should be taken not to
expose the roots of the plants to the drying influence
of the air — neglect of this often leading to serious
results, and the failure, as is too often the case, attri-
buted to some other cause. The practice carried out
in many public nurseries of lying the plants in
bundles previous to being " sheughed " cannot be too
strongly condemned, more especially when they are
to remain in such condition for any length of time
before being planted. When plants are sheughed or
*' laid in by the heels," as it may be necessary to do
when lifting large quantities, they should be laid in
thinly so as to preserve them in as healthy a state as
possible till they can be planted, bearing in mind
that the shorter the period between lifting and plant-
ing the greater will be the success attained hereafter.
Nursery. — One of the most important of preli-
minary matters in forest planting"^s the selection of a
healthy vigorous and hardy stock of young plants,
which will be an easy matter where a well stocked
well managed home nursery is an adjunct to an
estate. In selecting young trees for planting only
such as are well rooted, bushy, and vigorous should
be chosen, all weak or inferior plants being thrown
aside or discarded. When lifting the plants in the
nursery they should not be torn from the ground nor
subjected to any of the rough usage so commonly
practised, but carefully raised with a fork so as to
preserve the tender rootlets from unnecessary strain
and damage. As many tree-seeds become ripe during
the present month the collecting, sowing, or storing
of these will require immediate attention, and it is
well to bear in mind that seeds collected from medium-
sized vigorous trees are preferable, young trees often
yielding barren seeds, and old trees cannot be
depended upon for seeds that will produce strong
plants. Amongst those trees which ripen their seeds
during the present month may be mentioned the
Norway Maple, Sycamore, Walnut, Beech, Larch,
Ash, Alder, and Oak. Acorns, Hazel-nuts, Spanish
and Horse Chestnuts, may now be sown in prepared
beds of good hazelly loam, and covered to a depth of
2 or 3 inches. Seeds intended for spring sowing
should be thoroughly dried and harvested previous to
storing, neglect of this generally proving injurious,
if not entirely destroying their germinative powers.
AH vacant plots in the nursery should be deeply dug
and roughly laid up to the influence of winter frosts ;
and where a green crop has been taken therefrom it
may be filled up at once with young plants of the Fir
tribe. Cuttings of various kinds may be put in early
in the month, and layering continued in the wood-
lands and upon prepared stools in the nursery and
plantations.
Thinning. — The thinning and clearing of young
plantations may be continued, and the felling of the
older Pine trees ought now to be proceeded with.
Remove to the roads all thinnings as the work pro-
ceeds, taking care that no branches are left in the
drains to obstruct the waterflow. Continue to prune
ornamental trees, and mark hardwoods intended for
removal later on.
Roads. — Repair roads and drives, and if possible
have as much material as may be required brought
forward and placed in some convenient position while
the roads are dry and firm. Ground work of every
description may now be pushed on with advantage,
farm roads repaired, and all scrapings carted into
heaps as compost. Both gravel walks and grass
lawns will be much benefited by heavy and frequent
rollings, which will tend to consolidate them, as well
as produce an even surface. Rough stone roads
should be blinded with screenings previous to rolling.
Fencing. — Keep all fences, gates, and hurdles in
proper repair ; also attend to tree-guards, wire-
netting, and other rabbit-proof fences. Much has
been written regarding solutions for preventing rab-
bits destroying young plants, but the most effectual
remedy is to clear the ground of these pests previous
to planting, and also to keep it so for a few years
until the plants have attained some strength. We
have applied tar as well as several of the leading
composts, but all to no purpose.
Hedging. — The sides of all wood-rides should be
closely trimmed preparatory to the shooting season,
and the pruning or switching of hedges finished with-
out delay. Overgrown or neglected fences will
require to be cut closely back so as to produce a
wedge-shaped fence, and all Whins, Brambles, and
brushwood cleared out and burned on the ground.
Towards the end of the month quick fences may be
plashed or layered, especially such as have become
bare and hollow at the bottom through neglect.
Grub out and remove old hedges ; also thoroughly
prepare the ground (or the reception of new ones.
Draining.— Where drainage is necessary as a pre-
paration for spring planting lose no time in getting
it in hand, as by the early removal of water the
winter frosts will more completely pulverise the soil,
and leave it in good condition for receiving the young
plants. Clear the sides of watercourses, scour ditches,
and examine the mouths of closed drains, especially
in young and recently thinned plantations. A, D»
Jl^'sier, Fcnrhyn Castk^ North Wales^
474
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 1883.
THE APPLE SHOW AT
CHISWICK.
This show, of which we gave a preliminary report
in our last issue, has undoubtedly been the event
of the week, and we venture to predict that,
when we come to sum up the record of the
year's work in the realm of horticulture, it will
also have to be written that it was the one event that
raised 18S3 above the dull level of mediocrity.
Of the vast amount of practical good that must result
from this show we need not now stay to dilate ;
the fact that it must be so is patent to all who have
paid the exhibition a visit, but we are of opinion that
the Council of the Society should heartily rejoice in
the knowledge that, in its name, a few enthusiastic
practical men, aided by the unflagging zeal and
energy of Mr. Barron and his assistants, have
inaugurated, and are carrying out to a successful issue,
a work which in its importance to the community at
large, and practical horticulture in particular, com-
pletely overshadows anything else the Society has
done for a long time past ; and we are further
of opinion that the Council should bestow its praise
on il.jse who have rendered it such valuable ser-
vice with no uncertain sound. The various Councils
of the Society have never had a particularly happy
way of showing their gratitude to those who have
done thair work for them, but they have a chance
now of doing the right thing at the right time, and it
is earnestly to be hoped, in the interest of the
Society, that they will not fail to avail themselves of
the opportunity.
The exhibition has been well attended during the
past week, and it is a pleasure to record that the bulk
of the visitors have been practical gardeners, who
more than any other class may be expected to derive
the greatest amount of benefit from the lessons which
such an exbition must afford the genuine seeker after
useful knowledge. Next week, should the weather
continue fine, the increased publicity given to the
show will no doubt result in the attendance being
even larger, though it is to be hoped none will be dis-
appointed if they do not find at Chiswick the
" 10,000 distinct varieties," which we have read
of in some of our " dailies " during the week.
Besides the extraordinary statement just alluded to,
some others of an almost equally startling character
have appeared during the week, but nothing can
possibly beat the assertion of an evening contempo-
rary, on Tuesday, that the somewhat new variety shown
by the Cranston Nursery Company under the name of
Herefordshire Beefing had been so named in honour
of a famous local authority — Dr. Bull !
While the show has been open the committee
appointed to examine the collections with a view to
correcting faulty nomenclature have made good
progress ; but at the time of going to press had not
completed their arduous labours. Some idea of the
task they took in hand may be gathered from the
facts that have been ascertained with reference to
one or two varieties taken at random. One would
have thought that almost every one would have known
the Yellow Ingestrie, that brisk, well flavoured little
yellow dessert Apple, so popular in its season —
September and October. That it is popular is
attested by the fact that it appears in no less than
fifty-two of the collections— yet in only nineteen in-
stances is it correctly named, and in four cases no
name at all is given. Another variety which, like the
Yellow Ingestrie, was raised by Thomas Andrew
Knight— the Downton Pippin— a small mid-winter
dessert variety, resembling the Golden Pippin, is
shown in thirty-seven coUectiens, but in only seven-
teen of them does it bear its right name ; while of
the Golden Pippin itself there are fifteen samples,
of which eleven are correct— a somewhat better
percentage. The plan adopted by the committee
of experts is to obtain a complete list of each
collection, and then to go through them scrialim,
noting those which are true to name, and, where pos-
sible, correcting those that are wrong. Besides the
immense number of fruits staged an immense quan-
tity have been sent in to be named, and which have
to be dealt with in the fruit-room, these alone adding
greatly to the labours of the experts, and whose work
has in many instances been rendered the more per-
plexing by the gross carelessness of the senders, some
of whom have sent great packages without putting
any numbers by which the different sorts can be iden-
tified, while others have not vouchsafed the least
information as to whence the packages have come : all
which little annoyances should have been saved them
at such a busy time. The railway companies, too,
must have occasionally been perplexed through the
Apple show, if we may judge from the following,
which we saw on the lid of one box hailing from a
northern county :— " Sectar of the Happle Siety,
Chiswick Happies Show." The seedling varieties,
and such of the unknown among the local sorts as
appeared to possess any value, were examined by the
committee on Thursday, but only one certificate was
awarded, viz., to Bramley's Seedling, noted below.
Among the new or little known sorts brought to
the front are many so evidently good as to warrant a
recommendation of them for general cultivation, and
of these perhaps one of the very best is a seedling
raised at Southwell, Notts, by a shoemaker, named
Bramley, and called Bramley's Seedling by two exhi-
bitors—Mr. H. Merry weather, of Southwell, and Mr.
H. Bradley, of Hallam, near that town, both of whom
show some fine examples. The Apple, a culinary
variety of the form of Small's Admirable, but larger
than that variety ordinarily comes, is said to bear
profusely every alternate year when the tree attains
the age of ten or twelve years. It is not an early
bearer, but the tree is stated to be hardy and robust,
makes a fine orchard specimen, and produces one of
the finest types of market fruits. An old variety, new
to most of the visitors we suspect, but a good dessert
sort as regards quality, and very pretty as to colour,
is the Nanny Apple, a variety which it is stated is
peculiar to the neighbourhood of Midhurst, Sussex,
where it has been grown for the last century, but is
said to be now fast becoming extinct— a contingency
which it may be hoped its exhibition here by Mr. G.
Chorley, of Midhurst, will prevent. It is ripe now,
and does not keep well beyond Christmas, and the
tree is a good bearer. Another very pretty Apple
which appears in two Sussex collections is a variety
which Mr. Ford calls King, and which the Messrs.
Cheal, of Crawley, who show a handsome dish grown
by R. Hoper, Esq., of Cowfield, Horsham, label as
the Ramboon, Cider Steer, or King Apple.
Of the varieties which have been put into com-
merce during the last few years, not long enough, say,
for them to have acquired many synonyms— perhaps
none have more decidedly made their mark than
Peasgood's Nonsuch, which is largely exhibited, and
for the most part by remarkably fine specimens.
This large and handsome Apple, it will be remem-
bered, was raised by Mr. Peasgood, of Stamford, and
was certificated by the Fruit Committee eleven years
ago, the possessors of the stock at that time being
Messrs. W. & J. Brown. From Stamford now also
comes a grand sample, viz., that shown by Mr.
Gilbert, of Burghley, who has unearthed a good many
seedlings in the cottagers' gardens round that town,
and who exhibits a considerable number at this meet-
ing. The Worcester Pearmain also makes a good
show, being represented by many very handsome ex-
amples. Other sorts also make a good appearance,
but until the evidence of the exhibitors as to their re-
spective merits under different conditions is made
known, it would not be prudent to further comment
on them now. *
01 most of the old and well tried sorts there is an
abundant representation, some couple of dozen or
more appearing in most of the larger collections, and
a reduced number of them in the smaller ones, with-
out regard to geographical limits. Among these
may be enumerated (having regard to the old adage
that "Too much of a good thing cannot he known")
such prime sorts as Cox's Orange Pippin,
and Ribston Pippin, both sorts which as regards size
show as wide a range as almost any other two sorts
that could be named. The dish of Ribstons in the
Barham Court collection is one of the finest we
remember to have seen at any time, both in size and
richness of colour being simply perfection, while the
poorest sample would, by comparison, hardly be
taken for a Ribston at all. Lord Suflield, Stirling
Castle, and Ecklinville appear in grand form, and
exceptionally so does M^re de Menage. Belle Dubois
is very conspicuous by reason of its wondrous size
and great depth— a characteristic which makes it
appear somewhat head and shoulders above its neigh-
bours. Golden Noble, beautifully regular in outline,
pure in colour, and of good size, needs no recommenda-
tion as a culinary variety ; neither do Cox's Pomona,
the Old or the New Hawthornden, the gorgeous
Emperor Alexander, or the highly-coloured Holland-
bury. The variety Annie Elizabeth, sent out some fif-
teen years ago by the Messrs. Harrison, of Leicester,
makes a good show in many collections, and, as a
late keeping sort, either for the dessert or the kitchen,
appears to be worthy of a good recommendation.
Beauty of Kent, Tower of Glamis, Jolly Beggar, and
Hoary Morning, also demand mention, the latter
especially being much higher coloured than usually-
some of the samples indeed being among the
prettiest in the show. Blenheim Orange also
"needs no bush" from us; but if there are such
things as good and bad forms, or types of par-
ticular sorts, then the Blenheim Orange, as here
shown, affords a striking illustration of the fact.
An Apple, about which there appears to have been
a considerable amount of doubt and confusion, is
the Yorkshire Beauty, which is shown under other
names in many collections, and while handsome in
appearance has other qualities which make it a fine
early cooking variety. The very old Royal Russet,
or, as it is sometimes called, Leather Coat, is grandly
shown among others by the Messrs. Cheal ; and in
other collections such sterling dessert sorts as the
Cornish Gillyflower, Adams' Pearmain, Mickleham
Pearmain, Fearn's Pippin, Braddick's Nonpareil,
Wyken Pippin, Cockle Pippin, and Dutch Mig-
nonne frequently make their appearance. These, of
course, are not a tithe of the sorts that could be
named, but must suffice for the present.
A few lines may, we think, be profitably devoted
to what we will call pretty Apples, of which the
exhibition affords many striking examples. Most of
the sorts we shall name are of first-rate dessert
quality, while some others, if only for their high
colour, may well deserve to be grown for decorative
purposes. Thus among pretty Apples may be named
the Summer Strawberry, Fearn's Pippin, very rich in
colour sometimes ; Worcester Pearmain, Duchess
Favourite, Hall Door, an exaggerated Adams' Pear-
main in shape and size, and pale greenish-yellow in
the ground colour, handsomely striped with crimson ;
Cowen's Victoria, small, but very pretty ; Forge
Apple, of which the same remark may be made ;
Crimson Queening, Jefferson, an exceedingly pretty
variety in the Frogmore collection ; Washington, the
handsome American variety alluded to last week ;
Sheep's Nose, an odd shaped sort belonging to the
Pearmain section, and remarkably prettily streaked
crimson in colour ; Cliftey's Seedling, a small, some-
what flat sort in the Cranston Nursery Company's
collection, a very pretty fruit ; and Honeymoon, a
very handsome crimson-coloured sort which comes
from the Messrs. Jefferies, Cirencester, and which in
flavour is the equal if not the superior of the Worcester
Pearmain, to which it bears some resemblance.
The cider Apples, as a rule, run small, but there
are many pretty sorts among them, included in this
category being that fine old Herefordshire sort, the
Foxwhelp (why Foxwhelp ? Can anybody explain
the name ? ) ; Steward's Kernel, and Forest Styre, all
in the Hereford division ; and another famous variety
is shown by Mr. Garland in the collection from Sir
Thos. Dyke Acland's garden at Killerton, near
Exeter, which has been added to the Devonshire
Apples since our last. This is known as Tremlett's
Bitter, the original tree of which grows in the neigh-
bourhood of Killerton, and which is said to have pro-
duced enough Apples in one year to make four hogs-
heads of cider. Judging by the branches sent, it must
truly be an enormous bearer. It is a Pearmain in
shape, and highly coloured.
In our hurriedly written notice of the show last
week, it seems that we made too free use of the word
"only " as to the number of contributions from each
county, many more being in the gardens than we saw.
Several strong collections have been set up since,
strengthening some of the weak places, and adding to
the number of localities represented.
Thus we note a considerable assortment of Jersey
Apples, sent by Mr. C. B. Saunders, and which
by comparison bear no resemblance to Jersey Pears
in quality, most of the sorts well known to us
being inferior to our own English-grown fruits.
Emperor Alexander was certainly fine in size, and so
were the Ribstons, the next being Minchall Crab,
Royal Russet, the Peach Apple, and Scarlet Non-
pareil. The Messrs. Pearson, of Chilwell, Notts,
have sent a collection of about ninety sorts from their
orchards ; and to the Lincolnshire division a small lot
has been added which comes from Mr. Chaplin's
garden at Blankney.
Monmouthshire is represented by a collection from
Mr. W. Jenkins, The Willows, Abergavenny, which
includes about a dozen sorts, all remarkable for
their fine high colour, denoting a good free soil.
October 13, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
475
moderate rainfall, and clear atmosphere. The Wor-
cester collections have had a material addition made
to them in a fine lot of fruits sent by Mr. R. Ritchie,
The Gardens, Eardiston.
The Scottish Apples have been somewhat re-
arranged and supplemented by the large Dalkeith
collection, the fruits in which generally run small,
the orchards, wc believe, being old ones. The
Orkney Islands are now represented Ijy an interesting
collection sent by Mr. I. McDonald, gr. to Colonel
Balfour, M.P., of Balfour Castle, Kirkwall. The
Apples were grown on a strong clay soil on a southern
exposure, and the climate has so changed the appear-
ance of some of the sorts that one would scarcely
recognise them, and notably is this the case with
Stirling Castle and t.loria Mundi. The other sorts
represented are Boston Russet, Nonpareil, Ribston
Pippin, Keswick Codlin, Yorkshire Greening, Brabant
BelleBeur, and Gogar Pippin — a local Scotch variety.
the summer following, is of the greatest possible
importance ; without it, cut off as the roots are from
all supply except that which is held in the limited
extent of earth of which the ball moved with them is
composed, the leaves have nothing to sustain them,
and consequently die off before their time, to the
detriment of both the season's shoot growth and the
young newly formed roots, which the tree, in its
elTorts to repair the loss inseparable from removal,
makes. The tree figured measures 62 feet across,
from outside to outside of its branches ; the ball of
earth was 11 feet by io.\ feet, and 4,'i feet thick, or
about 51S cubic feet, or a little over 19 yards. The
other tree was of a like size, and moved in every way
similaily.
MOVING LARGE TREES.
" That tree is not in the right position ; I should
like to put it in another place, but is it not too big to
bear moving ? " Such questions as the above are
frequently put, and as frequently require dilTerent
answers, according to the dilTerent circumstances of
the individual case, such as the distance proposed to
move the tree, its present condition, and other local
matters that may have an influence on the particular
case. We are now speaking of trees that are too big
to admit of their being conveyed on any wheeled
machine that can lift and carry them bodily from one
point to another, consequently it will be seen that the
distance from where the tree stands to where it is to
be replanted is the first consideration that needs to
be taken into account.
When a tree has attained a size such as to require,
say, from 15 to 30 or 40 tons of earth being moved
intact with its roots, it is obvious that it cannot be
moved a long distance with any reasonable amount of
labour ; but there is nothing to prevent trees of such
size being moved from one position to another within
the range of an ordinary lawn or stretch of pleasure
ground. Condition is another important matter. A
tree that has been stunted and weakened by standing
too closely confined near other trees is not in a state
to thrive and make a handsome example of its kind
likely to repay the trouble of transplanting. The
same holds good of old trees that have passed the
meridian of their existence, and show signs of decay —
a state which the unavoidable interference with their
roots is the reverse of being calculated to improve.
Where there exists nothing such as here shown in the
shape of distance or condition the answer may be
safely given in favour of moving the tree with as much
certainty of its living and thriving satisfactorily as if
it were a young example such as ordinarily planted,
withj this proviso, that the work is properly done,
and that the requisite attention be given afterwards.
It is scarcely necessary to say that this last is an es-
sential without which it is useless to expect results of
a favourable nature.
The illustration on p. 469 (fig. 77) represents a
successful operation in the transplanting of large trees ;
it is one of two moved by Mr. Baines, of Southgate,
in February, 1S82, at Broxbournebury, Broxbourne,
Herts, the beautiful seat of Horace Smith-Bosanquet,
Esq. They had been planted on the lawn near on
fifty years ago, and had grown so as to obstruct the
view of the park from some of the windows, and as
they were of importance for shade on the lawn they
were moved some 60 or 80 yards from where they
stood. The work was effected by rollers, with the
aid of powerful crabs and pulleys ; the position they
were moved to is on higher ground than where they
originally stood, consequent on which, and to reduce
the amount of excavation, it was necessary to have a
sharp ascent of one in eight for half the distance,
which, as will be easily understood, required powerful
hauling tackle.
In the June following — that was, sixteen weeks after
removal— they were considerably fuller of leaf than the
tree here represented, as they suffered a good deal
after that time through not having sufficient water,
which caused the leaves to fall off sooner than they
should, or were expected to have done ; hence the
photograph was not taken until this 'summer, when
the effect of being allowed to get dry was apparent by
the much shorter wood growth, and consequently
smaller quantity of foliage than was made the summer
after removal.
In the removal of large trees an abundant supply of
water all through the ensuing summer, and, if dry,
Royal Horticultural : Od. 9.
Floral Committee. — Present : G. F. Wilson,
Esq., in the chair ; Messrs. T. Moore, J. Laing, II.
Bennett, W. Bealby, J. Wills, Shirley Hibberd,
H. Eckford, G. Duffield, J. Fraser, H. Ballantine,
II. Turner, J. Dominy, J. Douglas, H. Cannell, J.
Mcintosh, J. James, F. R. Kinghorn, and H.
Ebbage. At this meeting, held in the conservatory
at South Kensington, the floral display was certainly
not eclipsed by the now all pervading fruit, but had
several noteworthy suljjects on view, Mr Bull showing
Eucharis Sanderi, a small, useful type of this popular
stove plant, with funnel-shaped white flowers ; and
Crinum ornatum, a handsome Amaryllid with creamy-
white blossoms, having crimson stripes on the petals.
Among Mr. Bull's miscellaneous plants were nice
young specimens of Anlhurium splendidum (see
Gardcners\Chronide, p. 381, vol. xix.), a species with
the tall leaf-stalks marked by numerous longitudinal
undulate wings, and by bold cordate leaves of a deep
green colour much puckered on the upper surface.
Calamus ciliaris, a Palm, with oblong, deeply pinnately
cut leaves, the segments much crowded, linear ob-
long, ciliate on both surfaces, and with numerous
spines on the leaf-stalk. Calamus sikkimensis is
another Palm of the same character, with pinnately
divided leaves, the pinnae narrow, covered on both
sides with small prickles ; the young foliage is
bronzy-red. Panax Victorias, a form with much
cut foliage, like Parsley, of a deep green colour
with a narrow white edge. Mr. Bull also showed
the very remarkable Saxifrage-like plant, David-
sonia pruriens, often alluded to in these columns.
Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed an elegant
Adiantum named Weigandi, and the grand Nepenthes
Northiana, together with two enormous pitchers of
the same variety, laid alongside, measuring almost
9 inches in length (figured in Gardeners' Chronicle).
A very pretty and useful plant is Medinilla Curtisii,
shown by Messrs. Veitch. Its small glabrous dark
green leaves are sessile ovate, the flowers in much
branched panicles with coral-red flower-stalks, ivory-
white cup-shaped calyces and white circular five-
parted corollas, half an inch in diameter, and with a
central tuft of purplish stamens. The flowers open
on the plant at one time are not maiiy, unless the
weather is bright, when they open rapidly, but they
are produced in quick succession, as in Impatiens
Sultani; and coming into flower at a dull season, as
well as lasting in flower some considerable period of
time, it should prove to be of great value in warm
houses and for use in dwelling-rooms. Other plants
shown by Messrs. Veitch were Begonia Brongniarf,
with obliquely ovate acute undulate leaves, with
a green ground thickly sprinkled with minute milky-
white spots and with a purple edge. Begonia
Zenobia, shown by the same firm, has oblique
cordate ovate leaves with a purple disc bounded
by a broad intra-marginal belt of milky-white,
the narrow edge itself being purple. W. Lee, Esq.,
Downside, Leatherhead, showed the fine Vanda San-
deriana, figured in our last issue (fig. 68, p. 441). Mil-
tonia Blunti was also shown by Mr. Lee. Its flowers
are about I \ inch across, with lanceolate sepals and
petals of a creamy-white tint, heavily spotted with
dull lilac. The lip, which is much broader, oblong
obovate obtuse, is pale violet, with stripes of deeper
violet near the base. Trichocentrum orthoplectron, in
Mr. Bull's collection, is a very remarkable species
with narrow-pointed segments of a dull olive colour,
and a broad obovate obtuse lip of a rosy-lilac colour,
having a central blotch of creamy-white. Messrs.
Cannell cS: Son, Swanley, showed a pretty rosy-purple
tasselled Chrysanthemum, named Mons. Dufour, and
a good collection of autumn blooming Asters. An
excellent assortment of single Dahlias was shown by
Mr. T. S. Ware, of Hale Farm, Tottenham. Messrs.
Rawlings Bros, Romford, staged a beautiful lot
of show and pompon Dahlias. Mr. H. Chamber-
laine, gr. to G. F, Wilson, Weybridge, sent some
pretty spikes of Odontoglossum tigrinum, O. Alex-
andra;, and Oncidium unguiculatum. From Mr,
Wilson, gr, to II. M. Pollet, Esq., Bickley, came two
varieties of Zygopetalum, with longish brown sepals
and lilac lip dotted with white, one being much less
distinct in its markings than the other ; and
Oncidium prtetextum, with massive spikes carrying
three rows of blossoms each, an unusual occurrence.
Mr. G. W. Cummings, gr. to A. Smee, Esq., The
Gr.ange, Wallington, sent cut blooms of various
Orchids ; Mr. Turton, gr.. Maiden Erleigh, staged
some well-grown specimens of a showy Celosia pyra-
midalis coccinea ; and Mr. R. Dean, Bedfont, an ex-
cellent strain of bedding French Marigolds ; also some
very fine pretty seedling Pentstemons and Antirrhi-
nums. A telling scarlet form of Begonia nitida, called
coccinea, likely to prove a useful autumn and winter-
flowering plant, was shown by Mr. Eckford, gr. to
Dr. Sankey, Boreatton Park, Shrewsbury. Messrs.
Crosse cS: Steer brought a perpetual flowering white Pink,
with a Clove scent, the flower being full and fringed.
The following awards were made : —
First-class CertificaUs,
To W. Lee, Esq., for Vanda Sanderiana.
To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for Chrysanthemum
Monsieur Dufour.
To Mr. Bealby, for double Begonia Monsieur Duvivier.
To Mr. Bull, tor Eucharis Sanderi.
To Mr. Bull, for Crinum ornatum.
To Mr. Bull, for Adiantum Weigandi.
To Messrs. j. Veitch & .Sons, for Medinilla Curtisii.
To Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, for Nepenthes Northiana.
Bronze Banksian Medals.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for single Dahlias and Asters.
To Messrs. H. Cannell & .Sons, for collection of Asters.
To Messrs. Rawlings Bros., for collection of Dahlias.
To Mr. Nicholas, Castle Hill, for Pine-apples.
Cultural Commetidations.
To Mr. H. Chamberlain, for cut spikes of Orchids.
To Mr. Cummings, for cut spikes of Orchids.
To G. F. Wilson, Esq., Wisley, for cut blooms of
Orchids.
Votes of Thanks.
To Mr. Turton, for Celosia pyramidalis coccinea.
To Mr. T. S. Ware, for new single Dahhas.
To Mr. Wilson, gr. to H. M. Pollet, Esq., for cut
blooms of Orchids.
Highly Commended.
Mr. R. Dean, for Marigolds.
Fruit Committee. — Present : H. Webb in the
chair ; Messrs. P. Crowley, G. Goldsmith, A. W.
Sutton, L. A. Killick, J. E. Lane, H. Howcroft,
W. Denning, H. J. Veitch, G. Bunyard, J. Bur-
nett, and J. Willard. Fruit was sent in consider-
able quantities by Messrs. Lane, Great Berkham-
sted, consisting of a capital collection of Apples grown
in their nurseries. Grapes in pots, very well fruited,
for which Messrs. Lane were awarded a Silver-gilt
Banksian Medal ; and cut bunches of Gros Colmar,
Black Hamburgh, Muscat of Alexandria, Alicante,
and others. Some of the best grown Pines seen at
any London show for some years past were shown
from Lord Fortescue's gardens, Castle Hill, Devon ;
three of them were of the Charlotte Rothschild
variety, two of which weighed S lb. each and
one 74 lb. ; one was a Smooth Cayenne, weighing
8 lb. 2 oz. All had moderate-sized crowns, and were
in eatable condition. Some seedling Apples came
from Mr. Cooper, Calcot Gardens, Reading, who also
showed six varieties of Cobs and Filberts. Mr. Dean
brought a fine collection of his seedling Potatos, which
received much attention from visitors to the show.
Being chiefly the products of crosses between the
Woodstock Kidney on the one side, and the Vicar of
Laleham, Success, King of Potatos, and Early Rose
on the other ; they exhibit much smoothness and even-
ness of form, together with, it is stated, excellent
cooking qualities. They showed generally white
skins, which were in some instances slightly tinged
with red colour. One sort. The Dean, is a useful
looking every man's Potato. Messrs. Veitch cS; Sons
staged thirty-one varieties of Tomatos, ripened out-of-
doors at their grounds at Turnham Green ; the same
firm showed some good samples of Endive and Savoy
Cabbages.
Woolhope Fungus Foray. — This is the six-
teenth year of the fungus forays of the Woolhope Club.
The first one of which we can find any account was held
in the October of r868, since which time they have been
continued without interruption. For some time after
they were instituted the forays of this Club were unique,
they were not fashionable, bowever successful they might
have been, and no Society followed the example. When,
however, the Woolhope Club came to be celebrated for
its fungus forays, and their repute floated abroad through
the continent of Europe, other societies were inspired
with a desire to emulate the Hereford Club, and gradu-
ally of late years fungus forays have sprung up in all
directions. If imitation be the sincerest of flattery, then
the Woolhope Clul) has been flattered, for it certainly
has been imitated, with some amount of success, althougli
not with equal success, because the plan has been so
modified that in most instances the " imitation forays "
have only been imitations. The whole method has only
been followed by the Cryptogamic Society of Scotland
476
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 18S3.
and the Botanical Society of France, but the latter only
attempted the forays for about two years, and then they
ceased altogether.
The characteristic features of the Woolhope forays
consist in bringing together, by invitation, all the prin-
cipal botanists who devote themselves to the study of
fungi for a week's holiday, four consecutive days being
devoted to excursions in neighbouring woods in search
of fungi during the day, and in the evening or early
morning the specimens are examined and determined,
and papers read on mycological subjects. The objects,
therefore, which the Woolhope Club keep in view are to
bring together the students of fungi, for social inter-
course and exchange of ideas, from all parts of the coun-
try, to organise for them excursions on four consecutive
days for the purpose of collecting specimens, to provide
for them a large room in which to deposit and arrange
the fungi for exhibition, to entertain visitors from a dis-
tance, to provide a conversazione for each evening where
all the excursionists may meet and read or hear papers
on kindred topics ; and, finally, a public dinner. All these
objects being most successfully accomplished.
The forays which have of late years been organised by
some half dozen societies have been much less ambitious.
These forays are limited to a single day, or in most cases
the latter half of one day, and therefore, if that proves
to be a wet one, a complete damper is put on the foray
for the year ; but when the forays extend over three or
four days, it is most probable that if some days are wet,
there will be one or two dry ones for a change, and the
foray in the end has its object achieved. Under these
circumstances it is scarcely too much to claim for the
Hereford gatherings that, in spite of imitations, the
genuine article remains unique.
During the first week in October the sixteenth annual
forays of the Woolhope Club have been held, and in
results are behind none of their predecessors, thanks to
the presiding genius, who has undertaken all the labour
and responsibility of arranging the entire series from the
first to the last.
Monday, October i, was announced on the programme
as the day for the arrival of visitors, and the majority
followed the programme ; those who did not, met the
excursionists at Ludlow the next morning, Amongst
these were ;— Messrs. Broome, Bucknall, Cariyle, Cooke,
Canon Du Port, Rev. W, Houghton, Howse, Lees,
PhiUips, Plowright, Soppitt, Wharton, and Rev. J. E.
Vize.
The excursion for Tuesday was by rail to Ludlow for
Moor Park and Woodeve's Coppice. Omnibuses in
waiting at the station conveyed the party to their desti-
nation and awaited their return. The hunting ground
was a good one, almost unlimited in extent, and the day
as favourable as could be desired. By 2 p.m. all the
baskets were filled to overflowing, and their owners
making the best of their way in one direction — towards
Moor Park, where Mrs. Foster had kindly provided a
most substantial luncheon, to which the assembled party
did ample justice, although a peremptory signal to be
"ready in ten minutes," which fell like a thunderbolt in
the middle of the repast, startled some of the novices,
who were not prepared to experience a practical joke
from the " presiding genius " at such a solemn moment.
After this interlude followed a stroll, through the gardens
and park to regain the carriages, and pick up the stray
specimens to be met with in the way, At the entrance
to the park flourished quite a colony of some twenty or
thirty specimens of Boletus satanas, some of them being
8 or 9 inches in diameter, and over them some discussion
was proceeding, when a member of the party was dis-
covered staggering along under the weight of a mass of
Polyporus glganteus, nearly 30 inches in one direction
and 2 feet in the other. The "presiding genius " bore
aloft another smaller, but somewhat neater specimen of
the same Polyporus, whilst others of the party followed
bearing large masses of Polyporus dryinus, and other
fungi. One after the other, the three waggonets were
loaded up, and started on the return journey to Ludlow.
The ' ' presiding genius " occupied a box-seat on the front
carriage with his own open basket athis feet filled with the
treasures collected during the day. As this, which was
the foremost vehicle, rushed down a steep hill close to
Ludlow,lhe occupier of the box-seat tinned round sharply
to see what had become of the other two carriages, when,
by some unlucky mishap his foot disturbed the equi-
librium of the basket, and the whole contents fell like a
shower of toadstools into the road, some under the
wheels, others broken by the fall — here a cap and there
a stem — "white fungi and red, brown fungi and grey,
mingled, mingled, mingled, in an unexpected way."
Going rapidly down hill, with the " skid " on, and other
carriages following, there was no hope of stopping till at
the bottom, and then, at length, some one returned to
collect the basket, and gaze upon the ruins of Boletus,
Agaricus, Hygrophorus, Cortinarius, Strobilomyces, and
Crab Apples, which imparted to the road a most
picturesque appearance.
Soon after 5 o'clock, the entire force collected around
the hospitable table of the Messrs. Fortey, enjoying a
high tea, and looking back with equanimity upon the
crowning disaster of the day. A graphic account might
nevertheless be written of the Herculean labours of Mr.
Moore, as he struggled under the weight and the respon-
sibility of the gigantic Polyporus, till it was safely de-
posited in the Museum. How it travelled to the Ludlow
Station in a wheelbarrow ; what astonishment it created
in the railway station ; the suspicious remarks which
rough country youths did not hesitate to employ ; and
the yells of sundry small boys whenever it became
exposed to their gaze ;— all this, and more, might be
recorded, had we not other and more prosaic details still
to furnish of the results of the various expeditions.
Wednesday, October 3, maintained, as it was bound
to do, the juicy features of the Woolhope excursions.
The morning dawned, if it could be called a dawn, in a
universal sombre grey, which matured into a persistent
drizzle, with now and then an earnest downpour, and
was in all respects a miserable day. Some of the enthu-
siasts, encased in waterproofs and leggings, made their
way to the station to procure tickets lor Dinmore, but
only four of them succeeded in overcoming their preju-
dices and entered the train, the rest returned to the
Museum, to their pipes, to their drawing materials, or to
their correspondence, and the elaboration of excuses for
staying in town. Those who went, brought back
Hygrophorus discoideus, and Agaricus (entoloma)
lividus, and some other interesting species. Then arose
a vigorous discussion on the meaning to be attached to
the word " lividus," the majority holding to an opinion,
which had to be abandoned the next day, after finding
and consulting a Latin Dictionary, Then it was dis-
covered that "lividus "and "luridus"had got mixed
up, and the wrong word came to the top. At 8 o'clock,
after several private dinner-parties, the mycologists were
assembled again in solemn conclave, with the President
in the chair, in the Woolhope Club Room, at the Free
Library, to hear two papers read on the chemicaal con-
stituents of fungi, and a new way to battle with the
Potato disease. Apropos of the latter a waggish visitor's
suggestion, that the cause of the Potato disease was the
ro-tatory motion of the earth, was not accepted by the
commen-tator who had explained Jennsen's process.
Thursday, October 4, was the Club day, and opened
with sunshine, which was fairly maintained throughout
the day. The excursion was undertaken in waggonets,
and considerable delay was experienced by those who
had filled the first two vehicles, and looked down for
half-an-hour on their disappointed friends, standing in
melancholy expectation on the pavement, wailing for the
advent of the third vehicle. 'This was a source of great
delight to the small boys in the streets, and the cham-
bermaids at the windows, who looked up to, or down
upon, the party with as much interest as if they had been
a regiment of soldiers on parade, or a batch of " Invin-
cibles " starting for the county gaol.
The Club excursion was first made to Haywood
Forest, through which the call of the whistle, and the
familiar " For-ward ! " hurried the party to the common
beyond, where the carriages were again in waiting.
Agaricus Bloxami and Cortinarius Bulliardi were amongst
the most cherished of the " finds.*' After a very pleasant
drive the party again dismounted at Bryngwyn, and
roamed over the park without securing any fungi, or
anything else, except the pleasure of waiting for a truant
member of the party who unfortunately missed his way,
and was found to be absent when all the rest had com-
fortably seated themselves in the vehicles. Notwith-
standing a considerable amount of vigorous shouting,
whistling, and the dispatch of a mounted horseman in
pursuit, it was some time before the delinquent was
observed in the distance quietly marching at the rate of
2 miles an hour, as calculated by pedometer, towards his
vacant seat.
Returned to town once more, but half an hour behind
time, the annual meeting of members was held, the Pre-
sident for the ensuing year elected, the honorary chap-
lain, the Rev. Canon Du Port duly elected an honorary
member, and the members, visitors, and friends adjourned
to the " Green Dragon " for the dinner.
There is a great similarity in all public dinners, and
one Woolhope dinner is very much like another, so that
there is nothing very special to record. After some pre-
liminaries, including the presentation of an excellent
portrait of the venerable Fries, sent to the Club by his
sons, came the reading of two or three papers. One of
these, entitled "A Missing Chapter from the Tramp
Abroad," gave some humourous illustrations of recent
mycological theories. The others were on " Fish Cul-
ture as Practised by the Ancients," and some obser-
vations by Mr. Edwin Lees, F.L.S., now in his eighty-
third year. Subsequently the members and friends
adjourned to a reception at the house ol Mr. Thomas
Cam, where the remaining papers were read, and some
drawings exhibited, including some characteristic
sketches by Mr, C. B. Plowright, and a large folio of
drawings sent for exhibition by Mr. George Massee,
of Scarborough. This brought the ofhcial meetings of
the week to a conclusion, with the exception of the final
excursion to Ledbury on the morrow, and a last cup of
coffee with the " presiding genius " under the shadow of
his own roof.
The papers communicated during the week were the
following : —
" A Missing Chapter from the Tramp Abroad ; " by
Dr. M. C. Cooke, M.A., &c. "Jennsen's Discoveries
concerning the Potato Disease : ' by Mr. Charles B.
Plowright "Fish Culture, as Practised by the
Ancients:" by the Rev. Wm. Houghton, M.A., &c.
"On some Fish-eating Birds at the Fisheries Exhibi-
tion:" by Mr. E. Cambridge Phillips, F.L.S., &c.
"On the Colours of Fungi, as indicated by the Latin
Words used by Fries : " by the Rev. Canon Du Port,
M.A. "Mr. C. G. Stewart's Notes on the Alkaloids
and other Substances that have been extracted from
Fungi:" by Mr. Henry T. Wharton, M.A., Oxon.
" Some Remarks on Polycystina : : " by the Rev. J. E.
Vize, M.A. "Notes on some Species of Tricholoma
not easily distinguished from each other :" by the Rev.
Canon Du Port, M.A. "Researches upon the Ure-
dines :" by Mr. Charles B. Plowright. " Notes on the
Chroolepus iolithus and other Algoid Colorific Plants : "
by Mr. Edwin Lees, F.L.S., F.G.S., &c.
Friday, Oct. 5. — The final trip by rail to Ledbury was
somewhat modified on account of the funeral of Earl
Somers, which took place on the same day, in conse-
quence of which the visit to Eastnor Castle was aban-
doned. After a short ride by omnibus from Ledbury
the visitors alighted at the comer of an unpretending
country lane, which promised to lead to nowhere, and
commenced scrambling through the wood close by — a
process persevered in for an hour or two without any
perceptible results, iungi being very scarce, and the
species very common, not a single one of any interest
having been found at noon, when the party retreated
towards Ledbury Park and woods with manifest satis-
faction. Here the ground was evidently good, and some
few species were found which had not previously been
collected during the forays. A quiet walk through the
gardens and grounds was duly appreciated as a finale
to the week's engagements, the weather having become
very unsettled in the afternoon ; and, to the surprise and
satisfaction of the foragers who, under the care of the
gardener passed out at an unexpected corner, they
found themselves in the streets of Ledbury not far from
the President's residence, where dinner was in course of
active preparation on their account.
Even as the season has been somewhat unusual or
abnormal in its character, so in the neighbourhood of
Hereford there has been an undoubted peculiarity in the
fungus flora. The species of Russula, for instance,
which are generally exceedingly plentiful both in species
and individuals, were comparatively rare. Of the Lac-
tarii also only a few species were observed, and those not
very prolific in individuals. Lactarius pubescens was
plentiful in one locality only, whilst three or four species
so common in previous years were not seen at all. The
white-spored Agarics were certainly scarce, except
perhaps Agaricus terreus and a few Mycenas, whilst the
sub-genus Amanita was represented by its noblest
example, A. muscarius, in rather more than an average
number, and A. vaginatus by a few scattered specimens,
the common A. rubescens being almost absent, and a
few others represented by a single specimen. In like
manner there were none of the larger species of the sub-
genus Lepiota, not a single A. rachodes or A. procerus,
but the pretty little A. Bucknalli turned up at Ledbury
for the first time out of the Bristol district. Even
amongst Armillarise the ubiquitous A. melleus was by
no means common.
To make up for these deficiencies it soon became
evident that the experiences of the first day were to be
repeated in the succeeeding excursions, that Cortinarii
were the ruling genii of the woods. Never perhaps were
the species of Cortinarius in stronger force than this
season, and fully compensated by their interest for the
absence of other fungi. This was characterised by one of
the excursionists as a Cortinarius year, and he was not
far wrong in his estimate, as the following enumeration
will tesufy. The first section, called Phlegmacium,
which is characterised by a glutinous cap and adrystero,
contains some of the largest and most attractive species.
C. triumphans, so well figured by Mrs . Hussey, was found
in one or two places. On the last excursion of the week
C. claricolor several times went into the baskets. C.
sebaceus was at home in Haywood Forest, one specimen
over 8 inches high. C. varius was reported from
Ledbury. C. cyanopus on one or two occasions.
C. anfractus was brought from Shrewsbury by Mr.
PhiUips, and during the week was met with in two
Herefordshire localities. C. multiformis turned up on
the last day, as did also C. glaucopus and one soUtary
specimen of C. caleochrous found a place on the table for
exhibidon, whilst the golden C. fulgens was bagged in
or three localities.
The next section, Myxacium, with a slimy stem as
well as a glutinous pileus, is a much smaller one, and
had less numerous representatives. Of course the com-
mon C. elatior was collected, together with two or three
small specimens of C. mucifluus, and one or two of C.
Reedii, and this completes the list. There is a species
called C. salor, which was not present, although it was
announced one day, with a flourish of trumpets, and
repudiated the next. By some misadventure names
got a little mixed and "salor" became a joke for the
week.
The section Inoloma, and those which follow, are not
glutinous, either in cap or stem, but either silky or scaly.
The most attracdve of its species, C. violaceus, was not
found, but C. albo-violaceus was present in too forms ;
C. Bulliardi, with its brick-red stem was collected in
Haywood Forest, and C. pholideus was one of the com-
monest species in the first day's excursion. The fourth
section is Dermocybe with a smooth cap and stem. Of
these C. ochroleucus was one of the most plentiful. C.
caninus was discussed more than once, as was also C.
anomalus, and both were doubtless represented, although
some uncertainty still prevails whether all the specimens
called by these names were fully entitled to them. Of
the bright coloured species there was one solitary C.
miltinus, a few C. sanguineus, and a pile of C. cinna-
momeus of variable forms, sizes, and tindng. In this
section C. infucatus was found for the first time in
Britain, in Haywood Forest.
The fifth section is named Telamonia, characterised
more or less distinctly by a double veil. The species
found were C. bulbosus, not uncommon ; C. torvus, in
considerable quantity, though small in size ; a single and
perhaps doubtful specimen of C. scutulatus ; almost an
unlimited quantity of C. armillatus, with red bands round
the stem ; C. hinnuleus in profusion, and of all sizes ;
and the pretty little C. paleaceus, with its pileus silky
with minute white hairs.
The last section is Hydrocybe, and most of the species
are small. C. subfemigineus was not uncommon in
Haywood Forest. The shining chestnut coloured C.
castaneus, which has the reputation of being edible, if
only a sufficient quantity for a meal can be found, but
only very few were seen. To these must be added C.
erythrinus, in two or three places ; C. decipiens, not
uncommon ; and two or three other species not yet
accurately determined.
From the above enumeration it will be evident that
the genus in all its sections was unusually well repre-
sented, and as it is allowed to be one of the most critical
and difficult of the genera of gill-bearing fungfi, there was
October 13, 1883.)
THE GARDENERS' CIIRONICLn
477
plenty of occupation in discussing equivocal forms. A
new " crux " was constantly on hand awaiting its tur i.
In the course of this report the most important
species have been mentioned which were found during
the week,\ except perhaps Hygrophorus calyptriformis,
with its conical amethystine cap. Hygrophorus cossus,
with an odour resembling that of the caterpillar of the
cossus or goat-moth, Russula drimeia, an acrid purple
species, with persistently sulphur-coloured gills, only
found previously in Black Park. Berks. Agaricus laxipes
a small species, witli dark velvety stem, found only pre-
viously at Holm Lacey.
Visitors also brought for exhibition Sparassis crispa,
excellent for the table ; Agaricus sarcocephalus. from
Bristol ; Agaricus (armillaria) constrictus, from Epping ;
and others of less interest.
There can be no doubt that, although the present year
has proved somewhat better than the last, it is in most
localities a very unproductive one for fungi. Since the
sharp winter of two or three years ago tlie number of
fungi developed have been very much diminished. This
is not an individual opinion, but one in which all persons
present at the above forays concurred. Let us hope,
like the farmers, for better luck next year. M. C. C.
LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.
Ei'iDKNDRUM. — Continued front p. 2^4.
129. E. {EUEPIDENDRUM— SUBUMBELLAT^E) LONGI-
COLLA, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 34 ; Fol.
Ofch., n. 255 ; Bot. Mig., t. 4i'i5 ; Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 404.— Guiana. Introduced by Schomburgk ;
flowered at Kew in 1844. Near E. nocturnum,
though less ornamental. "What it lacks in
beauty is made up in fragrance."
E. LONGlPETALUM:=alatum.
E. LONGiPETALUM, Rich, and Gal. rz antenni-
ferum.
E. LUTEo-ROSEUM=rseriatum.
E. MACROCHiLUMziratropurpureum.
E, MACULATUM, Hort. =:^ prismatocarpum.
130. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — SpATHACE/E) MANCUM,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc., p. 83 ; Fol. Orch.,
n. 136.— Peru. Hartweg introduced this for the
Horticultural Society. Flowers rather small,
orange and yellow.
E. MARGINATUM zrradiatum.
131. E. (AULIZEUM— HOLOCHILA) MARMORATUM, A.
Rich, and Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., s^rie 3. lit,
p. 21 ; Lindl., Fol.. n. 132 ; Rchb, f. , Xenia Orck.,
iii., p. 32, t. 211 ; Gard. Chron., n. s., v., p. 688. —
Mexico. Introduced by Mr. Roezl, and flowered
in the Hamburg Botanic Garden, A very distinct
and pretty species. Leaves short, i — 3 at the top
of each pseudobulb ; flowers about an inch across,
transparent, white, with dark crimson markings.
E. (Barkeria) melanocaulon, Rchb. f., Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 375. Barkeria melanocaulon^ A.
Rich, and Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., sf^rie 3, iii.,
p. 22 ; Ann. de Gand, iv., p. 297, t. 212. —
Mexico. Cultivated in Belgium in 1848. Flowers
dark purple, less ornamental than the other mem-
bers of this section.
E. meliosmum, Rchb. f,, Gard. Chron. 1869,
p. 989. — Mexico. Imported and cultivated by
W. W. Saunders.
E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) microbulbon,
Hook., Ic. FL, t. 347 ; Lindl., Fol. Orck., n. 46 ;
Walp. Ann., \i., p. 334. — Mexico. Introduced
by Mr. R. Smith of Oaxaca to the gardens at
Woburn. Flowers of the size of E. aciculare,
rose-coloured ; lip yellow with red dots.
E. (Aulizeum) microcharis, Rchb. f., Gard.
Chron. 1870, p. 1246; Xenia Orck., iii., p. 12,
t. 208. — Guatemala. Imported and cultivated by
Mr. W. W. Saunders. A small though pretty
species, having small yellowish flowers dotted with
purple.
E. MICROPUS, Rchb. f., Hamb. Gart. Zeit, xix.,
p. 13. — Native country not recorded. Cultivated
by Mr. Borsig, Berlin. Rather a pretty species,
near E. Linkeanum.
E. (Euepidendrum) molle, Rchb. f., Lirinma,
xH., p. 84. — Brazil? Cultivated in the Ham-
burg Botanic Garden. Flower solitary, yellow.
E. MUSClFERUM^fuscatum.
E. {Euepidendrum — Paniculat.i^.) myrian-
THUM. Lindl., Fol. Orck., n. 184; Walp. Ann.,
vi. , p. 378 ; Bot. Ma^. , t. 55 56. — Guatemala.
Originally discovered by Mr. Klee, and subse-
quently introduced by Mr. Skinner for Mr. Bate-
man, in whose garden it first flowered in 1866.
Similar to E. paniculatum, but having even more
numerous rosy-purple flowers. Stems a yard
high, bearing narrow leaves, conspicuously
spotted on the sheaths, and enormous panicles of
flowers. The plant figured as E. paniculatum in
the ///. Hort., n. s.. t. 211, is very much like this.
139. E. (Encyclium— Holociiila) n.-evosum, Lindi.,
Fol. Orck., n. 6 ; W.ilp. Ann., vi., p. 321 ; Gard.
Chron. 1846, p. 167. — Mexico, at 4000 feet.
Imported and cultivated by Mrs. Lawrence.
Flowers while, with a crimson anther and yellow
lip richly dotted with crimson.
140. E. (Euepidendrum — Paniculat/e) naucrates,
Rchb. f., Bmplandia, 1854, p. 20 ; Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 412. — Cultivated by Consul Schiller, of
Hamburg.
141. E. {Encyclium — Hymenochila) nematocau-
LON, A. Rich., in Ram. de Sa^ra Fl. Cub., t. 79 ;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 334.— Cuba. Cultivated in
the garden of the Medical Society of Paris.
142. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) nemorale,
132.
133-
134-
ass-
ise.
137-
138.
Lindl.; Hook., Journ, Bot., iii., p. 82; Fol.
Orck., n. 60 : Walp. Ann., vi., p. 339. F.
verriicosuni, Lindl., not ot Swirtz, B-t. Reg.
1844, I. 51 ; Bot. Mfg., t. 4606 ; Lemaire, Jard.
Fleur., iii., t. 253 (copied from Bot. Mag., and
badly coloured or faded).— Mexico. Imported
and cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges. One of the
handsomest of the genus, having almost wholly
purple flowers about 3 inches across. The scape
and pedicels covered with small warts. Hort.
Kew.
E. nigro • maculatum, Hortul. = prismato-
carpum.
143. E. (Encyclium — Holociiila) nonchinense,
Rchb. f., Walp. Ann., vi., p. 324; Refug. Bot.,
\\., t. 139. Broughtonia chinensis, I>indl., Land.
Journ. Bot. , i. , p. 492. Lccltopsiis ckiftensis,
Lindl. ; Lindl. and Paxt., FL Gard., iii., p. 156.
— Central America, erroneously reported as
Chinese by the discoverer. Hinds.
144. E. {Euepidendrum — Surmubei.lat/E) noctur-
num, Linn., Jaci/. Stirp. Amer., 1. 139; Lindl.,
Fol. Orck., n. 254; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 404;
Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 713; Bot. Mag., t. 3298;
Link and Otto, Ic. Fl. Sel. Hort. Bcrol., t. 9 ;
Bot. Reg., t. 1961 (^ latifolium). E. discolor, A.
Rich, and Gal, Ann. Sc. Nat., s^rie 3, iii., p. 22.
E. tridcns, Poepp. and Endl., Nov. Gen. et Sp.,
ii., t. 103. E. Spruccanum, Lindl., Fol. Orck.,
n. 253 ; Gard. Ckron. 1872, pp. 699 and 763.
— Widely spread in tropical America. Loddiges
had it in cultivation in 1823. Flowers white or
yellow, and white or greenisii yellow, very fragrant,
especially at night, 5 inches across ; sepals and
petals very narrow ; lip with a long awl-shaped
central lobe. Hort. Kew.
145. E. (Euepidendrum— Paniculat/e) nutans,
Swartz, Fl. hid. Occ, iii., p.1499; YiQoV.,Exot.Fl.,
t. 50; Bot. Reg., i., t. 17 ; ^iaund., Botanist, v.,
t. 226 ; Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 645 ; Burm., Fl. Util.,
iii., 79 b (copied from the Botanist) ; Lindl., Fol.
Orck., n.173 ; E. dipus, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1845,
t. 4. — Tropical America. Originally introduced
into this country in 1793 by Admiral Bligh.
Flowers yellow or greenish-yellow ; the variety
dipus brown and green with a white labellum.
Hort. Kew.
146. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) obtusum, A.
DC, PI. Rar. Genci'., 8 not., p. 17 ; Lindl., Fol.
Orck., n. 47 ; Walp. Ann., vi,, p. 334. — Mexico.
Cultivated in the Geneva Botanic Garden. Flowers
greenish-brown with a dirty while labellum streaked
with purple. Hort. Kew.
{To be continued.)
STA TE OF THE M'EA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, LONDON,
For the Week ending Wednesdav, October 10, 1883.
Hygrome-
irical De-
Barometer.
Temperature of
THE AIB.
ductions
from
Glaisher's
W.NQ.
>-
Tables 6th
Edition.
Q
■\
Z
u S
IS'o
■z.
z
0
S
■So .
s
1
1
1*
So
s
oE2
ao
0*
I
0
fl;
> u
pa
Oct.
In.
In.
^
g
.
0
■ 0
a
In.
4
Z9S'
—0.18
SI.9
40.0
II.9'47.2
— 6-3 4a.7| 7S
N.
0.04
5
59.90
+0.21
34.'
4».3
9.848.0- 4.24,., 80 1
WNW.
cos
6
30- 1 J
+0.44
S7-2
4i.o'i6.2'43.s'— 4.i'42.8' 81 {
E. :
E.N.E.
0.00
7
31.26
+0.57
54.0
42.5 II. 549.0— 3.6
41.5 75 {
N.N.E.
0.00
8
30.3s
H-0.60
60.0
50.2, 9.855.2 + 3.0
S> 7 88
W.
0.0a
0
30.14
+0.45
57.5 S»oj Ss|s4-i;+ 2.2
49-9 83{
s w.
0 00
10
2982
+0.13
62.o'44.si7.s'52.8+ 1.248 1 S^i^
E. :
E.SE.
0 00
Mean
30.01
+0.33
56.7
44.911.850.7— 1.7:45.2 81
III 1
W.
0.09
. 4. — Du'l day ; gale of wind ; slight showers at times.
Dark sky at night.
5 — Dull day ; cold wind. Dark sky ; rain during the
evening.
6. —Fine bright day, deep blue sky. Fine night ; par-
tially cloudy.
7. — Fine day and night ; dull.
S — Dense fog in morning; dull day. Fine mild night ;
dark sky.
9. — Dull day and night ; nearly calm.
10. — Thick fog in morning ; tine day, sun shining. Fine
night, dark and cloudy.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending October 6 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea increased from 29.23 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.01 inches by midnight
on October 2, decreased to 29 43 inches by midnight
on the 3d, and was 30.44 inches by the end of the
week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.84 inches, being 0.15 inch higher than
last week, and 0.04 inch below the average of the
week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 57^.2, on the 6ih ; the highest
reached on the 3d was 4S^5. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 53*. 3.
The lowest temperature in the week was 40', on
the4lh ; the lowest, on Oct. i, was 46". The mean
of the seven low night temperatures was 42". 8.
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
l6°.2, on the 6th ; the smallest was 6^5, on the
3d. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 10". 5.
The mean temperatures were — on .September 30,
48^8 ; on October i, 48°.8 ; on the 2d, 46^6 ; on the
3d, 45\2 ; on the 4th, 47°.2 ; on the 5ih, 48" ; and
on the 6th, 48°.8 ; and these were all below their
averages by 5". 5, 5^6, 7°.6, 8^7, 6'.3, 4". 2, and 4°.i
respectively.
The mean temperature of the week was 47 '.6, being
9^.2 lower than last week, and 6" below the average
of the week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 104°. 5, on the 6Lh. The mean of the
seven readings was S5°.6.
The lowest reading of a thermometer with its bulb
on short grass was 34^ on the 4th and 6th. The
mean of the seven readings was 36^4.
Rain, — Rain fell on six days, to the amount of
0.60 inch.
England : Temperature. — During the week ending
October 6 the highest temperatures were 59° at
Brighton, 58^8 at Cambridge, and 58'' at Plymouth
and Hull ; the highest at Wolverhampton was 52^8,
at Sheffield 53°.5, and at Bradford 53'. 6. The general
mean was 56°. i.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 33". 7 at
Wolverhampton, 35*.8 at Bolton, and 36" at Bristol ;
the lowest at Truro was 45", at Liverpool 42°, and at
Bradford 39°.5. The general mean was 38\8.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 21" at Brighton and Bristol, and 20 at Cam-
bridge and Hull; the smallest ranges were 11^9 at
Liverpool, 13* at Truro, and 14°.! at Bradford. The
general mean was 27°.3.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 57°. 3, at Plymouth 56°. 4, and at
Bristol 54°. 9 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton,
50°.8, Bolton 52*.2, and at Bradford 52°.4. The
general mean was 53°. 8.
The means of the seven low night temperatures were
highest at Truro, 47°.3, at Liverpool 44°.5, and at
Plymouth 43°.6 ; and were lowest at Wolverhampton,
38°.7, at Bolton 3g°.8°, and at Hull 41". The
general mean was 42°. 4.
The mean daily range of temperatur*^ was greatest
at Hull, I3°.6, at Brighton I2''.9, and at Cambridge
I2^8; and were least at Liverpool, S°.2, at Truro 10°.
and at Bradford 10°. l. The general mean was ii°.4.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 5I°.2,
at Plymouth 48°. 9, and at Liverpool 48°. 6 ; and was
lowest at Wolverhampton, 43°.6, at Bolton 45°.7,
and at Nottingham 46°. 2. The geoeral mean was
47'. I-
Rain. — The largest falls of rain were — at Notting-
ham 1.63 inch, at Cambridge 1. 10 inch, and at
Hull 1.02 inch ; the smallest falls were 0.30 inch at
Bradford, 0.49 inch at Brighton, and 0.59 inch at
Wolverhampton, The general mean fall was 1.80
inch.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing October 6 the highest temperature was 60°, 5, at
Paisley ; at Aberdeen the highest was SS'.g. The
general mean was 58''.6.
The lowest temperature in the week was 32",
at Perth ; at Leith the lowest was 39°. 5. The general
mean was 35". 3.
The mean temperature was highest at Leith, 48". 9 ;
and lowest at Perth, 46°.!. The general mean was
46^9.
Rain. — The largest fall was 0.34 inch, at Leith ;
and the smallest was 0.05 inch at Dundee. The
mean fall was 0.12 inch. No rain fell at Glasgow,
Paisley, or Leiih.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
We regret to record the sudden death, on the 1st
inst., of Mr. Thomas Gellatly, gardener at the
Mote Park, Maidstone, aged 48 y^rs. Mr. Gellatly,
who was for several years gardener to the Earl of
Wemyss, at Gosford, in East Lothian, had only left
that place to take charge of the gardens at Mote Park
about two months, and was in the presence of his
employer, Lady Howard de Walden, when he fell,
and suddenly expired, his death being due to heart
disease,
We have also to record the somewhat sudden
death, lately, of Mr. Henry Hooper, of the Vine
478
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 1883.
Nursery, Widcombe Hill, Bath, a noted grower of
Pansies and other hardy florists' flowers, whose
familiar form was frequently seen at metropolitan
shows.
(inquiries.
He iliat gnesiioitcth vtuch sJtall learn much. — Bacon.
Renanthera Lowii. — This is in flower with me,
having the three upper flowers yellow. Will any reader
kindly say if the third yellow blossom is unusual ? C K. D. ,
Yokohiima, Japa7i,
Answers to Correspondents.
American Newspaper : A Lincolnshire Gardener.
We can only refer you to the Amej'ican Agriculturist,
published in New York by the Orange ]udd Company.
Chrysanthemums : H. R. AL The insects eating your
Chrysanthemum buds may be one or other of the two
figured and described in our number for October 22,
1881, p. 537, viz., Anthocoris minutus, and Phytocoris
campestris, but without specimens we cannot be
certain.
Cucumbers (see Enquiry, p. 409). — In answer to en-
quiries as to the greatest number of Cucumbers cut
from one plant, I may say that I have a house 25 feet
long filled with one plant of Rollisson's Telegraph, from
which we have already cut 292 fruit, and more to come.
Our place is 700 feet above sea-level, close to the Gram-
pians, and not the very best district for Cucumber
growing. Johft Kitlcy. — Mr. H. Dickinson, Shardlow,
Derby, wishes to communicate with "A. B."
Errata: L/Elia Wyattiana. — Mr. Neville Wyatt
informs us that this plant was not imported by Mr.
Wills, but was purchased at one of Mr. Sander's
sales at Stevens' Rooms. — In " Travelling Notes," for
" Cape Chestnut," at p. 439, read " Cale Chantant " !
and lor " Chamonix " read "Chaumont," near Neu-
chatel, a locality rich in interesting plants.
Greenhouse : W. H. If an ordinary cool greenhouse,
do not let the night temperature fall below 45°, nor
get much above it. In the daytime about 60° would
be best, or even a few degrees less at mid-winter.
Mushrooms : H. C. The Mushroom sent from the
Fen Country is the common Horse Mushroom
{Agaricus arvensis), the variety most largely repre-
sented in the London markets in the autumn, and
largely used in the manufacture of ketchup.
Names of Fruits : F. W. Plum, Belle de Septembre.
— A. T. S. Pear, Marie Louise. Apples: i, York-
shire Beauty ; 3, Sturmer Pippin ; 4, Golden Reinette ;
5, Tewkesbury Baron, a local sort ; 6, Scarlet Non-
pareil.— H. S,, lilitcham. Apples: i, Kentish Cod-
lin ; 2, Emperor Alexander ; 3 and 4, Reinette du
Canada ; 6, Yorkshire Greening ; 8, Cox's Pomona ;
9, Wellington ; 10, Cox's Orange Pippin. — H. C. R, B.
Pears : 56, Nouveau Pciteau ; 204, Beurr6 Hardy ;
123, not known. — No. 438. Apples: 3, Nonsuch ; 4,
Cox's Pomona ; 5, Cox's Orange Pippin ; 6, Golden
Noble.
Names of Plants : D. S. i, Aster lasvigatus var.
minimus ; 2, A. novas-anglias var. ruber ; 3, A. ver-
sicolor ; 4, A. Icevigalus ; 5, A. vimineus ; 6, A. vimi-
ncus var. horizontalis ; 7, not recognised ; 8, Centran-
thus ruber. — H. H. D'Ombrain. Cosmos bipinnatus,
Mexico. — W. L. i, Cystopteris fragills ; 2, Poly-
podium vulgare cambricum ; 3, Polystichum aculeatum
lobatum ; 4, Lastrea Filix-mas cristata ; 5, Asplenium
marinum ; 6, A. Adiantum nigrum ; 7, Platyloma ro-
tundifolium ; the last comes from New Zealand. —
J, C. M. Send a fresh specimen with leaves. — Lind-
say. Send a better specimen. — w^. M. Acacia alata.
— H. King. Tecoma radicans. — Enquirer, i, Ro-
binia Pseudacacia ; 2, Perhaps Diervilla (Weigela
sps.) ; 3, Castanea vulgaris, an American variety, not
determinable without blooms ; 4, Thuia occidentalis ;
S, Azalea ; 6, Pinus Strobus. — Trees : Hon. Mrs. R. C.
Boyle. Abies amabilis, Pinus excelsa.~C W. Strick-
land. Planera Richardi. — G. T, B. P. i, Populus
alba ; 2, Pyrus torminalis ; 3, P. pinnatifida ; 4, Acer
campestre. — R. T. i, Juniperus recurva ; 2, not re-
cognised ; 3, Thuiopsis borealis ; 4, Cryptomeria
japonica ; 5, not recognised ; 6, Alnus laciniata ; 7,
Forsythia viridissima ; 9, Abeliauniflora ; 10, Crateegus
pyracantha ; 11, Cotoneastersp. — C W. Escallonia
rubra. — C, B. C. i, Leycesteria formosa ; 2, Retino-
spora obtusa ; 3, R. plumosa ; 4, Taxus adpressa ; 5.
Skimmia japonica ; 6, Cornus mas variegata ; 7,
Hibiscus syriacus (Althea frntex) ; 8, Alnus gluiinosa
var. laciniata. — R. S. i. Geranium dissectum ; 2,
Anthemis arvensis ; 3, Galium saxatile ; 4, Malva
rotundi folia ; 5, Daucus carota ; 6, Cerastium vul-
gatum ; 7, Poa aquatica ; 8, Polygonum lapathi-
foliuni ; 9, Myosotis silvatica ; 10, Veronica agrestis.
Another lime do not send more than four at once.
Our time is valuable. — J . A. K. The yellow flower
is Helianthus multiflorus ; the Dracrena, D. rubra ; the
white flower, Chrysanthemum uliginosum. The Cro-
tons we do not recognise. Please add numbers to all
the next time you send to us.
Roses for Market : E7iquircr. You will never learn
how to grow Roses profitably for market through the
medium of a brief answer to inquiries. You had better
get one or other of the several books'on Rose culture
now to be obtained, and pick up what information you
can by visiting Rose-growing establishments.
SpiRvEAs : W. E. J. Your gardener's advice is sound.
Pot them up at once.
Squirrels : J. Mullins. Squirrels, as a rule, are
dreadful depredators when the fruit is about, and
where they exist in any numbers are formidable pests
in a garden.
Strawberries: Old Subscriber. The foliage is marked
with the usual signs of autumnal decay, and there are
also great numbers of the red-spider on the leaves, and
they are rather weak for quite healthy plants. Do you
use soot sprinkled on the soil in the pots, or what kind
of manure? Cold well-water is injurious to all plants,
and more so if "hard."
Tree Fern Dying Off : Constant Reader. There is
no apparent disease in your Fern to account for its
dying off in the manner you describe. We should be
inclined to attribute the failing of the plants to over-
syringing, which stimulated the trunks to throw out
the splendid heads you describe, before they had made
any or sufficient roots to keep this excess of foliage in
a freely growing state. Try a drier regime, but do not
go to extremes in that direction.
l^° Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Office Orders
are requested to send them to the PubUsher of this
journal, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to
make them payable to Wilham Richards, at the post-
office, Drury Lane, London, W.C.
Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.
Abutilon, 13 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 4
Asters, 12 bunches., 4
— French, per bun. 3
Azalea, white, i2spr 1
Bouvardias, per bun. 1
Camellias, per dot. . . 3
Carnations, 12 blm5. i
— 12 bunches ., 3
Chrys'inth , 12 bims. 2
• — 12 bunches .. 4
Cornflower, 12 bun., i
Cyclamen, 12 blooms 0
Dahlias, 12 bun. .. 3
Eucharis, per doz. .. 4
Gardenias, 12 bIms.. 4
G'adioli, 12 spikes..
Heliotropes, 12 sp. ..
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms
— red, 12 blooms,.
Lilac, white Fr.,bun,
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Wm. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, Herts— Illustrated
Catalogue of Roses, Vines, Fruit Trees, Ornamental
Trees and Shrubs, &c. *
Constant Kerkvoorde, Wetteren, Belgium— Fruit
Trees, Roses, Hardy Trees and Shrubs, &c.
Joshua Le Cornu & Son, St. Helier's, Jersey— p-fuit
Trees.
George Cooling & Son, Bath— Roses, Fruit Trees,
&c.
Cranston Nursery and Seed Company, Hereford
— Forest Trees, Fruit Trees, Roses, &c.
Andre Leroy, Angers, France — Hardy Trees and
Shrubs.
CoMMUMCATiONS Eeceived:— J. K. — E. V. B. — Marshall
Wilder.— H. M. C— W. H. F.— J. P.— E. J. B.— J. W.—
E. J. R.— Sir T. L.-C. M. O.— W. L.— W. J. M.-A. Z.—
G. F. G. — R. B— J. McP. (next week).— J. M.— H. & S.
(next week). — C. P. — Chislehur&t.— J. R. P. & Sons.—
P. McM.-E. V. B.— M. McL.— H. J. V.— F. N.-T, N.—
H. R.- Sir J. B. Lawes — T. C— A. £. R.— J. C— G. S.—
W. H. F.-J. H. Krelage. -N. E, B.— J. J.-F. G.
COVENT GARDEN, Odobcr II.
[The subjoined leports are furnished to us regularly every
Ihvrsday, by the Itindness of several of the principal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.]
Trade still very quiet, with heavy supplies. Pines in
demand. Jaines Webber^ Wholesale Apple Market.
Fruit. — Avssage Wholesale Prices.
s. d. J. d.
Apples, J^-sieve .. 10-26
CoVs, per 100 lb. .,100 0-116 o
Figs, per dozen ,, 10- ..
Grapes, per lb. . . 10-30
s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case., 23 o- 30 o
Melons, each . . 10-^0
Peaches, per doz. .. 2 0-12 o
Pine-apples, Eng,, lb. 20-50
Vegetables— Average Kstail Prices.
Globe,
s. d. s. d.
Artichokes,
per doz.
Beans, French, lb.
— Scarlet, per lb.
Beet, per doz.
Cabbages, per doz.
Carrots, new, p. bun. 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen
Celery, per bundle
Cucumbers, each
Endive, English, per
dozen . . ..10-..
Garlic, per lb. .. 10-..
Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04
Potatos. — Kent Kidneys, £4 to ^4 los. per ton ; do.
.^3^. ic^. to £4 ics. ; Champions, £3 i"--^* to £} iss.
03-..
10-,.
: o- 2 o
20-30
16-26
, o 4- o S
Horse Radish, bund.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . .
— Cos, per dozen..
Mint, green, bunch..
Mushrooms, p. baskt.
Onions, per bunch . .
— Spring, per bun.
Parsley, per bunch..
Radishes, per doz. . .
Small salading, pun.
Spinach, per bushel
Tomatos, per lb.
Turnips, new, bun.
Vegt. Marrows, each
s. d. s. d.
T o- 4 o
10-..
16-..
06-..
10-20
o e- ..
06-..
04-.,
3 6- ..
06-09
04-..
02-04
, Regents,
per ton.
Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Prices.
Aralia Sieboldii, doz
Arbor-vitae (golden),
per dozen . .
— (common), dozen
Asteis, per doz.
Begonias, per doz. ,,
Bouvardia, doz.
Caladiums, per doz,
Chrysanlh., per do7,
Coleus, doz. . .
Dracasna term. doz.
■ — vu-idis, per doz. . .
Erica, various, doz.
Euonymus, various,
per dozen . ,
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen .,
s. d. s. d.
12 0-24 o
6 0-18 o
6 0-12 o
40-90
6 0-12 o
12 0-18 o
6 0-24 o
6 0-18 o
20-60
30 0-60 o
12 Q-24 o
9 o-iZ o
9 0-18 o
6 0-24 o
s. d. s. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen . . . . 4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90
Liliums, various, per
dozen .. ..iz 0-30 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..8 0-12 o
Miguonnttte, doz. ., 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. . . 6 0-12 o
Palms in variely,each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ..20-60
Solanuras, per dozen 8 0-15 o
d. s. d.
0-40
0-60
0-12 o
0-40
o- z o
o- 1 e
0-60
0-30
0-60
c- 6 o
t- 9 o
6-40
3-06
0-60
0-60
0-60
0-30
6-10
0-60
0-30
D-10 o
Liliums, 12 blooms., o
Marguerites, 12 bun. 6
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2
Myosoiis, or Forget-
mft-not, p. 12 bun. 2
Pansies, 12 bunches o
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. i
— zonal, 12 sprays o
Primula, double, bun. i
Roses (indoor), doz. 2
— (outdoor), 12 bun. 3
— coloured, doz. . . 3
Stephanotis, 12 spr, 4
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2
Tropasolum, 12 bun. 1
Tuberoses, per doz.. i
Violets, 12 bunches., i
— French, per bun. i
— Parme, per bun. 4
Wallflower, 12 bun.. 3
White Jasmine, bun, o
d. s. d.
6- I 6
0-60
9-16
0-16
3-06
0-16
0-60
0-60
c- 8 o
o- 6 Q
0-40
0-20
0-20
0-40
6-10
SEEDS.
London : October 10. — The market for farm seeds
continues to rule exceedingly quiet. The late rains,
both here and on the Continent, although somewhat
injurious to the red Clover crops, have not hardened
values. White Clover seed is more firmly held. The
demand for winter Tares has fallen off. There is no
variation in seed Rye. Some 2000 quarters of Esse.\
white Mustard have just been bought by the manufac-
turers. Rape seed continues steady. The imports last
month into the United Kingdom of Clover and grass
seeds (according to the Board of Trade returns just
published) were 12,248 cwt., value £16,979, against
10,677 cv/t., value £17,361 for September, 1882. 'Yohn
Shaw &= Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane,
London, E.G.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday English Wheat met a very
dull, dragging sale, at prices the turn in favour of buyers.
Foreign Wheat was unsaleable in quandty, and conse-
quently quotations were impracticable, but in some
cases IS. under late normal rates was accepted. Flour
was exceedingly dull of sale, and lower to sell. Good
qualities of malting Barley were rather firm, but grinding
descriptions were the turn lower. Beans tended upwards
in value. Peas were firm and in moderate supply.
Maize was 3(f. to 6d. lower on the week for flat corn,
round was drooping. For Oats there was a quiet steady
trade at unaltered prices. — On Wednesday transactions
were too small to establish quotations, but in some cases
lower rates were taken. The quantity of English Wheat
fresh up was small, but foreign arrivals continued heavy.
Flour met very little inquiry, and was without quotable
change in value, but the market had a drooping ten-
dency. Beans and Peas were steady, and Oats quiet and
unchanged. — Average prices of com for the week ending
Oct. 6 :— Wheat, 40J, zd.-. Barley, 34J. ; Oats, 19J. iid.
For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat,
39.T. 6d. \ Barley, 34J, ^d. ; Oats, 19s. lod.
CATTLE.
At the Metropolitan Market on Monday the trade was
depressed by the weight of supplies and the dull slate of
the dead meat markets. The assortment of cattle was
improved. Danish sold at 4s. to 4s. lod. ; Swedish at
45. 4^/. to 4J, 8d. ; and Canadian at 4J-. 8d. to- 5^. 2d.
Sales were extremely slow. The primer kinds zd., and
plainer sorts 4d. lower. Sheep were also in larger
supply. Danish sold at 5^. 8d. to 6s. ^d., and Canadian
at $s. Sd. English sheep barely supported late value.
The calf trade was dull, and prices 2d. to 4^. per stone
lower. Quotations (average) : — Beasts, 4s. to sj. 6d.,
and 5J. 8d. to 6s. ; calves, 51. to 6s..; sheep, 5J. to 6s.
and 6s. 4^. to 7s. 2d. — Thursday's trade was very quiet.
Beasts sold slowly at about Monday's prices. In sheep
transactions were limited. Prime breeds were steady, but
inferior drooping. Calves were dull, and lower to sell.
Pigs fiat.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that the
supplies were large, especially of meadow hay, which was
rather lower in price. Quotations : — Prime old Clover,
looj. to II2S. ; inferior, 60s. to 75?. ; prime second cut,
90J, to 108s.; best meadow hay, 80s. to 88s. ; inferior,
40s. to 65J. ; and straw, 30J. to 39J, per i.load. On
Thursday Clover and straw were rather dearer, otherwise
trade was quiet. — Cumberland Market quotations :^
Superior meadow hay, 84s. to 92s. ; inferior, 6$s. to 74s. ;
superior Clover, 105J. to 1141. ; inferior, 70s. to 95J. ;
and straw, 35^. to 40s. per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that there were moderate supplies, and a limited demand.
Quotations ; — Magnum Bonums, 70s. to 805. ; Regents,
60s. to 80s. ; Champions, 55^. to 65^. ; kidneys, 70^. to
85J. per ton. — The imports into London last week con-
sisted of 2402 bags from Hamburgh, 150 from Stettin,
and 8 bags from Amsterdam.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, 17s. ; Ravensworth West
Hartley, 15J. 9*/. ; Walls End — Hetton, 20s. ; Hetton
Lyons, 18s. ; Lambton, 19s. 6d. ; Wear, 18s. ; South
Hartlepool, i8s.\ Thornley, iBs. gd.; Tees, 20s. ^d. and
October 13, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
479
HOT-WATER
SEASON.
18 8 3
STEVEN BROS. & CO.
Have Ihe largest and best stock of Hot-Water Appliances in London. Boilers of every description, Pipes, Connections, Furnace Kitlin''s
Greenhouse Gearing, and all requisites for the Heating of Conservatories and Hothouses. No 52 -Star Bolle? '
No. 43.- Dome-Top BoUer.
CoU Cases.
No. 28.-Termlnal End
Boiler.
No. 18.- Gold Medal
Boiler.
A very economical boiler.
niiish-aled PRICE LIST (20th Edilion) Free on application.
Steven Bros. & Co. {^'^'^ni^t.T- i , 35 & 36, Upper Thames Street, E.G.
PAXTON'S CALENDAR
NOW READY, A REVISED EDITION 01
The COTTAGER'S Calendar
GARDEN
OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.
Price 3d.; post-free, 3id. ; 20s. per 100.
If ordered in quantities of not less than 200, Carriage will be paid to any part of the United Kingdom.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, \\th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certlflcato,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
Price \s. stitched.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS.
A POPULAR EXPLANATION OF THE BEST METHOD OF CULTURE.
By WILLIAM EARLEY.
Crown Zvo, with Colotired Frontispiece. Pj'ice 4^. 6d.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A HANDY MANUAL FOR THE IMPROVED CULTIVATION OF ALL VEGETABLES.
By WILLIAM EARLEY, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C.
48o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 1883.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides, and all Parasites.
To prevent American Blight, all kinds of Scale, &c., and
for Washing all Hard-wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonials.
■* Colon Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very ureful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
jXmerican Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
woixled Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
"aoi, Broad Street. Birmingham, August 15, 1883.
"Dear Sir,— I have lately tried Hudson's Jtt-xtract of Soap
for the mildew on my Rose ttees in the greenhouse, and I find
thit with one syiinging it completely cures it instantly. I should
Sdy I tried it some time ago with the same result. Yours truly,
(Signed) " W. JAMES."
SOLD EVERYWHERE.
BEMAPKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of aU DIRT from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PEEPARED COMPOST. RAFFIA FIBKE.
TOBACCO CLOTH. &c.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . ^s. td, per sack ; 5 sacks for 2W.
„ best black fibrous . . 3i. td. per sack ; 5 sacks fur 15^.
„ extra selected Orchid .. .. 5J. orf. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. . .\
PREPARED COMPOST, best .. (u. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. ..[ included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) .. .. u. 3rf. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. lorf. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. 8i. per Ib..s81b. 181.
,. PAPER, finest imported speciality 8<^. per lb., 28 lb. i8j.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (bee special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
A SPECIAIilTY.
BEESON'S ROSE, VINE, and PLANT
MANURE.
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all particulars please apply to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills,
SHEFFIELD.
Also GROUND BONES for Vine Borders. Potline, &c
SILVER HEO»l-H»l. BMNIEWE0«1-I981.
To Her It *^tf»?, || fif ^iSS^^HSl To His
Most Is ^P tf "f l®Lif3<(l'J«/ ^''Val
Gracious \^ S&T'S^ ^ll ^^^^^^^^^1 ^'S^"**^
Majesty Wi.^^*.T Ji/ ^^^*^^?^^^/ *!** Prince
Queen ^~^ t*^ ^^^^^^ of
Victoria. ^Sa^^^^^ Wales.
For Beauilful Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Absolutklv Pure. Free from any
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the tamous '" Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-calltd Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. iXmongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you lilte of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potiing, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant B or de-ring to Fltrwer Beds. Cotnhines warmth
and cleanlitiess luith valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
IS. (td. each; 10 sacks, 13J. : 15 sacks, i8s. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ;
,0 sacks. 30i. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
limited quantities of SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, chDBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works, West Kerry Road, MiUwall, London, E.
s
PUMPS and PUMPING MACHINERY
Of every description for Steam, Water, Wind,
Horse, or Manual Power,
Prices upon application with particulars of requirements.
Warner's Garden, Farm, or
Greenhouse Lift Pumps.
Warner's Improved Farmer's Fire Engine, or
Portable Force Pump for Manure.
Warner's Portable Pump, with
Improved Valves for Liquid
Manure.
J. WARNER & SONS, Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers,
CRESCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C.
EUREKA!!! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbridge.
Edinburgh. The only Insecticide worth using. Once used
always used.
DIRECTIONS.— For Syringing purpose's, one part of the
Insecticide to iod parts of water. For Greenfly on Roses, &c.,
from I to 20, to I to 40 parts. For Thrip and Scale, 1 to 20
parts. For Bug, i to 15 part-^.
N.B. — Very tender plants sltould be well syr'.ng:ed after
using t/ie Insecticide.
In Bottles, is, 2j., and 31. €d. each, 7^. 6(/. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
Wholesale Agents — IRELAND and THOMSON so,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
SOLUBLE FIR TREE OIL insecticide.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and
Blight. Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c, and makes a
good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d.,
25. 6d., 4J. 6d. a bottle. Per gallon ixs. td , or less in larger
quantities. Maker, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester.
Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale
Druggists. New York : Rolker & Sons.
GISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since 1859. against Red-spider.
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to i6 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, i*., 3^., & los. 6d,
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Niu-serymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, f>d.
and IS. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limued). London.
TOBACCO PAPER (Roll), CLOTH and
CORD,— Excellent quality ; unique value.
LINDSAY AND CO., Tobacconists, Leith Walk, Edinburgh.
Roslier's Garden Edging Tiles.
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and.
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do " grown " Edgings, conpequently being much cheaper.
GARDKN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars. S.E ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road. E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT " ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEY'S PA1ENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c ,
from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates. Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO.. Buck and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SILVER SAND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves,
A liberal Discount to the Trade.
SPECIALLY CHEAP GLASS.
Packing Cases free and not returnable.
100 Squares, gocd Glass, at the followrng priees, in Leeds : —
15 oz.
13K hy 8 for gt. €d.
12 by 9 for gs td.
J4 by 10 for 13J. 6d.
15 by q for i^. 6d
HENRY WAINWRIGHT;
13K hy 8 for its td.
li by q for lar. td
14 by 10 for igj oaf.
15 by 0 for iSi-. od.
Glass and Lead Merchant,
8 and 10, Alfred Street, Boar Lane, Leeds.
SPECIAL «2.\-0Z- SHff;-
c^
<S^
s^
^c
HORTICirXTXJH.AI. SIZSS.
%
'<f
10 Boxes, 20x14
20 ,, 20x18
20 Boxes, 20x12 10 Boxes, 20x13
10 ,, 20X 15 10 ,, 20X 16
20 , , 24 X 18
In 200 feet Boxes, at 2\d. per foot nett for not less than
1000 feet. BOXES FREE.
GEORGE FAKMILOE & SONS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
34, St. John's Street, West Smithfield, London, E.C.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAU & SON,
9, LOVVER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
I2in , 2oin. by 14 in., 20 in. by i6in., 20 in. by iS in , in i6-oz.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 20o-ft. and 300- ft. cases.
TEN SILVER
MEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, THE Royal Pottery,
Weston- SUPER-MARE, Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from 1 to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST pcsl-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, is.
^
^^sS^^^±±^EEr ^^
l^x
»>\j» 21 01. Foreign, of the foUowlng
^^ ilies, In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, "'
3dB and 4tliB quaUtles always kept In stock:—
20x18
22X18
24x18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
AU descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
firom
OEOBGE FABMILOE & GONS,
CLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
M, It. Jahn'i Street. West Bmlthfleld, London. K,a
14x12
20x12
20x14
20x16
:6xi2
16x14
20x15
22 X 16
i8xi2
18x14
18x16
24 X 16
CABSON'S PAINT.
Patronised by
HER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,
15,000 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Oreenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON BV UNSKILLED LABOUR.
1 Civt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free,
C A R S O N S,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON, E.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN ;
and 55. ROVAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Cash,
October 13, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
481
"ART WITH ECONOMY."
llUislraled Catalogue of Ornadtental Conservatories.
Plans, prices, and particulars of GROWING HOUSES.
NURSERYMEN'S CHEAP GREENHOUSES.
PLANT FRAMED, &c.
CHEAP ART SUMMER-HOUSES.
Prospectus of Works nf Reference on
Horticultural Buildings and Hot-water Heating.
By F. A. FAWKES, F.R.H.S.
Any of the above Post kree on application to
T. H. P. DENNIS & CO.,
MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.C.
Works : CHELMSFORD.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO..
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
iji, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C.
W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimaies for evary
descnpiion of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send compelent assistants when necessary,
LASCELLKS' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustniitd Lists ot Wooden BuildinES, Greenhouses and
Coii5erv.ituries, and Concrete Slabs for wails, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
r^€-LASSHeUSES8<«EAT'I-NG:
BmWci^U^ST^
xHICHCATE ROAD XONDON.N.Wgj
JOHNSON
BROTHERS & CO.
{LIMITED),
6. WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL, S.W.
Builders of Conser-
vatories and alt descrip-
tions of Hothouses and
Roofs, in Iron and
Wood, or a combina-
tion of both, on their
Patent System, with-
out Putty, or, with
Putty, in the ordinary
way, if preferred.
CORRUGATED IRON STRUCTURES /or all purposes.
Plans and E&tlmates submitted free of coat.
HEATING by HOT W ATE R, on the best Principles.
Cucumber Frames.
RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to
• diaw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
pointed. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
li j;eiher and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, dehvered to any station in England ;— £ s. d.
2-Iieht frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) Packine f 3 *o o
3-!ieht frame, iz feet by 6 feet y Cases free "i 5 5 o
6-light frame. 24 fe-;t by 6 feet ) '-^''^^ *"® (10 o o
The glass is nailed and puttied la Lights and frammg lor
brick pits at prr.pnrtionateIy low prices.
U. HALLiDAY and CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester.
JAMES GRAY.
CONSERVATORIES,
VINEKIES.
ORCHID and PLANT HOUSES, &c., &c,,
HOT-WATER APPARATUS for all purposes,
BOILERS, CASTINGS, &c., &c.
Best Materials and Workmanship. Moderate Prices.
WOKKS and Ol'FicES— Danvers Street, Chelsea, London, S.W.
OU Paint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
iRt^istercd Trade Mark)
H
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-lhirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstatdrng a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly mcreasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Ke* Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 eallons each, at is 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. ?,d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
*' Piercejie/d Park. June 11, 1876— Sirs— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned wiih as good Varnish as the last we
had. which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully, Wm. Cox."
CWi/y/OA'. — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Custcmers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
adveilisei.
H. & S *s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom lor upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they jeceive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every ca>k is legibly marked with their name and Registeted
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c.. sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
n8, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.
RCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.-AU the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloths, Ropes. Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and s. Wormwood Street. London, EC.
U S S I A M A T S^
Archangel. Taganrog, Petersburg, and Dunnage.
SACKS and SEED BAGS. ROPES. LINES and TWINES.
RAFFIA FIBRE.
TOBACCO PAPER. PEAT and SILVER SAND.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. li. id. per sack
(sacks included). Descriptive CATALOGUE on application.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
I4Q. Commercial Street. London, E.
Russia Mat Mercnants.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9, James
Street, Covent Garden, W.C., can offer a very fiie parcel
of new ARCHANGEL MATS at a very low price. Immense
stock of PETERSBURG MATS and RAFFIA FIBRE.
PROTECT YOUR PLANTS
?r
m 01 DOMo
REGISTERED
trade'MARK
From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds.
A perfect Non-conductor of Heat, keeping
Wherever it is applied an even Temperature.
To be had a/ all Nurserymen and Florists.
Tor price list a particulars Address*
BENJAMIN RDGINGTON
2 Duke ST KA London S/voge
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
looyardsfor loj., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85>ards
for loj., delivered free per Parcels Post. Very useful pure Cotton
lor Curtains, Blinds, Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley.
EIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coars3 and
fine, on rail at ^s. 6d, per ton— not less than 4-ton trucks
Terms cash.— Apply to H. SIMS. The Priory. Reigate.
ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.C.
IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,
Iron and Wire Espalier, &c., &c.
•■^^r-^uM/mU/Jltt ,jt-:
tlluslralid CATALOGUE Free ih appUcalioH.
BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,
VICTORIA WORK.S, WOLVKRHAMPTO.V
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London. E.C.
LABELS,
WATERPROOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
CO.,
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
Under the Patronage ol the Queen.
T SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
O • STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, wiih raised
BLACK FACED LETTERS.
Tt e Gardeners' Magazine .says :— " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit. '
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.
THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.
Price, as engraving, with boiler, open feed syphon, 12 feet of
4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints complete, £4 41.
Delivered free to any station. Discount for cash.
Cost of apparatus for houses of any size on application.
This is the simplest, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
water fitter for fixing. The boiler stands in the greenhouse, the
front only being outside and flush with the outer wall, so that
the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised. It burns
over twelve hours without attention, at a nominal cost.
Illustrated LIST with lull particulars post-free,
DEANE & CO.,
Cwm!"s"t'). LONDON BRIDGE.
STOVES.
Terra-Cotta! Portable! For Coal!
ROBERTS'S PATENT.
Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for
about \d., without attention. For Greenhouses,
Bedrooms, or almost any purpose. Pamphlet
and authenticated Testimonials sent. In use
daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster. S.W.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
The Beat
anil Quickest
Hade.
4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, ^s. yi. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. (td. each.
Price List on application.
482
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 1883.
TBE HARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Line cJiar^ed as tiuo.
4 Lines .. ..;Co 3 o 15 Lines .. .. ;£o 8 6
5 t, . . ..036 16 ,} .. ..090
6 ,, .. .. o 4 o 17 „ .. .,096
7 „ .. .. o 4 6 18 ,j .. .. o 10 o
8 ,, .. .. o 5 o 19 ,, .> •• o 10 6
9 „ .. .. o 5 6 20 „ .. .. on o
10 , 060 21 ,, .. .. on 6
11 , 066 22 „ .. .. o 12 o
12 „ .. .. o 7 o I 23 „ ,. .. o 12 6
13 ,, .. .. o 7 6 I 24 „ .. .. o 13 o
14 o 8 o I 25 o 13 6
AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE,
If set across columns, the lowest charge wUI be 305.
Page i(^9 o o
Half Page .500
Column . . . . . . • • 3 5 o
GAKDHNERS. and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words I.S. Cd., and 6ii. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
IMPORTANT NOTICE. ~ Advertisers are cautioned
agahtst kavhtff letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened hy the authorities and
returned to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, sr. each inseition.
Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.
All Subscriptions payable in advance.
The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,1 3^, lod. ; 6 Months,
115. \\d. ; 3 Months, 6i.
Foreign (exceptinff India and China) ; including Postage,
j^i ts. lor 12 Months ; India and China, ^t 8^. ^d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C, to W. Richards.
POSTAL
ORDERS.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements.
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
ON SALE, a JONES' PATENT BOILER,
for Greenhouses — as good as new. To heat 900 feet of
piping. Apply to the
GARDENER, Bankfield, Upper Chorlton Road, Manchester.
UND£B SPECIAL ROYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' riHEDIGINE CHESTS,
For all Dlaordera In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sheep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£'i i6j. ^d. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, is on all Bottles and
Packets. ■ —
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
Accidents!- 64, CornhlU.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
"DAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
-I-*' Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;£ 1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, /25o,ooo, Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;£ 1,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhiil, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ^^200,000.^ — Reserve Fund, ;£75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from /to to
;C5ooo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plaiit, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all avail.ib!e securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds from £,% per ceuL from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ;t25o,ooo per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
(Established 1867.)
UN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.G. ; Charing Cross, S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIK£. — Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at
moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
L>aree Bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.
TO ADVERTISERS, SUBSCRIBERS, AND OTHERS.
// is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at
DRURY LANE, to IV. RICHARDS,
as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a
particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person i?ito whose
hands it may fall fro7n negotiating it.
NB.—The best and safest means of remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER.
Lithographic Coloured Plates of Vegetables, Fruits,
FLOWERS. &C., or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
CATALOGUES.
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, Lithographer
to the Royal Academy, 15, Rue du Boulevard, Brussels.
Established 1829. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Natural History. Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that may be required, and Estimateswill
be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER. 140, Kingsland Road, London. E.
REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review).— Among the principal Contributors are :— A. AUard,
E. Andre', C. Baltet, T. Buchetet, F. Burvenich, F. Ci^pin,
Comte de Gomer. De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver. H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Roc'igas. A. Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van HuUe, J. van VoLxem
H. J. Veitch, A. Wettmael, and P. Wolkenstein.
This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings,
Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom ; — One year,
It J., payable in advance.
Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
31 the Chief Post-office. Ghent.
Belgian.
BULLETIN d'ARBOR I CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CH ERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloinred
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-
nich, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, lo^. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Eotanica Gardens, Ghent. Belgium.
The Sydney Mail
AND
NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.
CONTENTS .—
INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and the FIELD, in wliich is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for this Journal.)
NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.
THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
COMMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.
Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.
Single Copies, td. \ Stamped, -jd.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales,
ENGLAND.
The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—
London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Cornhiil, E.G.
Mr. F. Algar, S, Clement's Lane, Lombard
Street. E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,
Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand.
Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance
Buildings.
Manchester. . James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh Robettson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.
Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange
Place.
^g" Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers.
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.
EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.
To any one who owns a Flower- Pot, a Garden, or a Farm,
It is Indispensable,
because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It Is Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.
It is always Seasonable,
because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the monih, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.
It is Clean and Pure,
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums.
In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.
Subscription Price, e^s. per year, including foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
071 Ncio-York or London.
B. K. BLISS & SONS, Publishers,
34. BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Farms. Estates, Residences. '
Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the
MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed ' ' Midland Counties
Herald O^ce, Birmmgham." The Midland Counties Herala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.
Children's i,r. ro^/zd. per dozen.
Ladies' 3J-, 30*. „
Gentlemeu's .... 41. lorf. ,,
Hemstitched. — Ladies' 51. wd.. Gentlemen's ^s. \id. per doz.
Directfrom r^rtr||/PT "The Irish Cambrics of
the Manu- Kl II dI\ T i Messrs. Robinson & Cleaver,
fdcturers. ■ ViWIXfl— I Belfast, have a world-wide
SamplesandPriceListspost-free. fame " — The Qcjeen.
By appointments to "
the Queen and Crown
Princess of Germany.
ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST.
WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER.—
Must be thoroughly efficient ; good character.indispens-
able. — Address, statin? full particulars, Y. Z., Mr.' Howard,
Printing Office. High Street, Sydenham, S.E.
WANTED, a trustworthy thorough good
WORKING GARDENER (single): assistance eiven.
Suburbs of London. Must thoroughly understand Vines,
Greenhouses, Frames, Flower and good Kitchen Gardening,
Good character indispensable. Letter with full particulars of last
situation, to B., Victoria Wharf, Warwick Road, Kensington, W,
WANTED, a FOREMAN, for the Houses,
for the West of Ireland.— Wages, igr. per week, bothy,
fire, light, milk, Potatos, linen, &c.— Send copies of papers and
all particulars, &c., to HOGG and ROBERTSON, Seedsmen,
Dublin.
WANTED, a respectable Married MAN, to
Manage a Small t lower and Kitchen Garden, to Milk
and attend to three Cows, 7 acres of Grass Land, and to make
himself generally useful. House-rent free. — Miss WING-
FIELD, Market Overton, Oakham.
WANTED, a young man as SECOND, in
the Houses— one well up in the work. State age and
experience. Wages, idr. per week with bothy. — W. WELCH,
Highgrove Gardens, Reading.
WANTED, a MAN, for General Outdoor
Nursery Work, with knowledge of Bundle Packing.—
State particulars by letter, or apply personally, to WM.
RUMSEY. Joyning's Nurseries, Waltham Cross.
WANTED, by a Medical Man, a thoroughly
steady MAN, to Drive (no stable work) and attend to
small Flower Garden and Greenhouse. Must understand
Gardening.— W. E. GREEN, Esq., Sandown, Isle of Wight.
POCKET
ts post-free. :
HANDKERCHIEFS.
October 13, 1883.]
7 HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
483
WANTED, an ASSISTANT, accustomed to
the Cut Flower Trade, Wreaths, Cross, and lioumiet
Making; also wiih a Knowledjie of Plants and their Value.
-R. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston,
Birmingham.
Wholesale Seed Trade.
WANTED, an experienced SHOPMAN.
One that is ihoroughly up in Garden and Flower Seeds,
and able to control and superintend the work of three or four
assistants. Mnst be of good appearance and address, as he wilt
have to travel in the summer. — Apply by letter, blating age,
where previously employed and in what kind of work, and
salary required, to A, F., Gardenen* ChronkU Office, .(t,
Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
ANTED, a WAREHOUSEMAN.
Must be thoioughly experienced, and well able to take
entire charge, pack orders, &c. Also a WAREHOUSE
PORTER WANTED.- HV. CLARKE and SONS, 39. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
ANTED, a BOUQUETIST, Outdoor.—
Must be experienced in miking up for a busy London
Trade. — Write, stating experience, &c., to J. POUNCE, i8,
Westboiirne Giove, W.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
710W be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen requlrUig Land Agents,
STEWARDS, BAILIKFS, or GARDENERS.
JAMES CARTER AND CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn, W.C.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
SCOTCH GARDENERS of approved cha-
racter and ability now open for engagement. — Apply (at
once) to KERR AND FOTHERINGHAM, Nurserymen and
Seedsmen, Dumfries. N,B.
TO GENTLEMEN and NURSERYMEN,
First-class EXHIBITORS^ PLANT GROWERS.—
Wm. Cole is now at liberty to engage wiih any Gentleman or
Nurserymen reqniring the services of a thorodgh practical man
of great experience. — vV. COLE, A. Cole, Church Road, Dids-
bury, near Manchester.
/:i ARDENER (Head). — Mr. Lyon, Gar-
\-A dener to the Rt. Hon. Viscountess Ossiogton, will have
pleasure in recommending his Foreman to any Lady or Gentle-
roan requiring ihe services of a thorough good Gardener. Full
particulars on application. — Ossington Gardens, Newark, Notts.
GARDENER (Head).— Wm. Alexander,
for nearly five years Gardener to Sir Hugh Dalrymple,
Bart., Luchie, leaves in October, and is desirous of securing
another situation in the above capacity.— WM. ALEXANDER,
Luchie Gardens, North Berwick, East Lothian.
GARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman or
Gentleman. Eighteen years' experience, also practical
knowledge of Book-keeping and Accounts. First-class testi-
monials.— R. L, Merchiston Bank Gardens, Moruingside,
Edinburgh.
GARDENER (Head, or otherwise).—
Married, no family ; thoroughly experienced in Early
and Late Forcing and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Six
and a half years' good character. Wife useful. — G- M., 71,
Dean Street, Dorking, Surrey.
GARDENER (Head); age ^^ married.—
William Baillih, Shotesham Park, Norwich, is at
liberty to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the
services of a thoroughly practical man in all branches. First-
class references,
GARDENER (Head), age 40; married-
Mrs. Barwick Baker, Hardwicke Court, Gloucester,
would be pleased to recommend a Gardener, with long and ex-
cellent choracter, and many years' practical experience in all
branches of the profession.
GARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married, two
children. — The Advertiser is open to an engagement with
any Lady or Gentleman ; nineteen years' practical experience
in all branches of Gardening. Good references. Eight and a
half years in last situation, — For particulars apply to GEORGE
BUTTERY, Coley, Wolsley Bridge, Stafford.
ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,
married, no family ; thoroughly understands his work.
Good character.— G. MEACHEM, Elmore, near Gloucester.
ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40;
twenty-eight years' experience in Forcing Fruits, Flowers,
and Vegetables, or to grow for Market. Wife first-class butter
maker.— E. NASH, Parsonage Road, Beckington, Bath.
ARDENER (Head Working), where
two or three are kept. — Middle-aged, married, no family ;
thoroughly experienced. Land and Siock. Good character.—
W. B.. 37. Creeland Grove, Catford. S.E.
ARDENER (Head Working). — Tho-
roughly understands Early and Late Forcing of Vines,
Peaches. Cucumbers, Cut Flowers. Stove and Greenhouse
Plants. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. — A. B , 120, Westgate,
Wakefield.
ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 31,
married.— A. Barker. Gardener to the late Lady C. W.
Fitzwilliam, is desirous of a situation as above. Five and a half
years' good character.— A. BARKER, Warmsworth Hall,
Doncaster, Yorks.
GARDENER (Head Working), where more
are kept. — Age 30, married ; good practical knowledge
of the profession in all its branches. Sixteen years' experience
in large est.iblishments. — F. ASHBEE, Springfield Villa,
Wesierh.Tm, Kent.
GARDENER (Head, WoRKiNG).~Age 25;
has a practical knowledge of the business, including
Orchids, Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and the General
Rounne of G.irdening. Six months* character; eight years*
previous.— T. H , Stoneridiie Farm, Horndean.
GARDENER (Head Working), where
three or more are kept. — Age 32, single ; brought up in
the profession. Would preer where sister could take charge or
help in Laundry. — HEAD GARDEN ER, Moor Park Gardeiw,
Farnham, Surrey.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35,
married, small family ; thoroughly practical and expe-
rienced in all liranches of the profession; six years in present
situation ; leaving in consequence of ileal h of employer. First-
class lesiimonials. and highly recommended. — JOSEPH
McCORMACK. Canaan Park, Morningside. Edinburgh.
GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER
and BAILIFF. — Vlarried ; eighteen years' experience.
Thoroughly understands the Manafzement of ail branches.
Good testimonials, — BUSH. Railway Street, Chelmsford.
GARDENER. — Age 28, married when
suited; twelve years' experience in all branches. Gocd
character Irom present situation. — A. W., Miss Allen, Book-
seller, Edgware, Middlesex.
GARDENER, where two or three are kept.
— Aije 31, married, two children. Good character. —
EDWIN BONNER, Mrs. Dimbleby, Broad Bridge Sliect,
Peterborough.
GARDENER, where more are kept. — Four-
teen years' experience in all branches. Good character
from present situation.— G. C, Cricket Hill, near Blackwaler,
Hants.
GARDENER.— .Age 25; eight years' Gar-
dener to the late Mr. J. R. Scott, of Walthamstow.
Understands Orchids. Good references. — B. SHIP, Mrs.
Scott, The Drive, Walthamstow.
G' ARDENER.— Could take the Management
'' of Laying-out a New Estate ; experience and practical
knowledge of Planting the best kinds of Fruits, Shrubs, and
Trees, &c. Good reference. — T. M,, Hutton Grove Nursery,
North Finchley, N.W.
(^ARDENER (Good Working),— Age 30,
V^ married, no family : well up in all branches. Vines, Jtc.
Gocd personal character. — J. T., 2, Haxtead Road, New
Bromley. Kent.
GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
help is given. — Age 26, married, one child ; good cha-
racter.—M. G., Aston-le- Walls, Byfield, North Hants.
GARDENER (Second), in the Garden,
under the Foreman. — Age 27, mirried, two children ; four
and a half years' good character from last place, — J. CHEAL
AND SONS, Lowfield Nursery, Crawley, Sussex.
GARDENER (Under), in a good Garden,
where a few are kept, — Age 23 ; Fruit and Plant
Growing desirable. Eight ycais' experience. Good character.
—HEAD GARDENER, Brookdale Hall. Newton Heath,
Manchester.
MANAGER of a Small NURSERY.— Mar-
ried, age 37, no incumbrance ; good Propagator of Bedding
StufT, Greenhouse and all Sorts of Nursery Work. — T. W., 11,
Langton Road, Vassall Road North, Brixton, S.W.
To Gentlemen and Growers..
MANAGER of an extensive place to Grow
for Market. Fruit. Cucumbers, Toma'.os, Gardenias,
Orchids, and all the requirements of a first-class trade. Age
39. — BETA, 10. Stockwell Park Road, Clapham Road, S.W.
IpOREMAN.— G Fletcher, Gardener to
W. Hargreaves. Esq., Moss Uank, Bolton, wishes to
recommend a young man. Well up in his work. — For par-
ticulars address as above.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — k%^
27 ; thirteen years' experience ; two years i" 'ast situa-
tion. Good reference from last and previous places. — W. H,,
510, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
FOREMAN, where several are kept. — Age 22 ;
well up in General Work, Forcing, and Kitchen Garden
Management. Excellentreference.— WILLIAM JEFFERIES,
The Gardens, Barrow Point, Pinner.
FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
establishment. — Age 24 ; has had ten years' experience.
Total abstainer. Good character. -JOHN YULL, J. Yull,
The Nursery, Briston, Dereham, Norfolk.
FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a Nobleman's
or Gentleman's establishment. — Age 24 ; seven and a
half years' experience. Good character from past and present
situation. — G. WING, Dunchurch, Rugby.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment. —
Tliorough experience in every department ; nearly four
years in present situation. Can be well recommended from
past and present employers in the same capacity. — WM.
TREVITHICK. The Garden.s. Putteridge Park, Luton.
To Nurserymen.
FOREMAN, or FOREMAN and PROPA-
GATOR, or GROWER of Hard and Solt-wo^ded Plants
and Cut Bloom for Market. Good Salesman, Total abstainer.
— ALPHA, 23, Bretenham Road, Granville Estate, Edmonton.
FOREMAN, or GENERAL PROPA-
GATOR. — Age 38, married; twenty-six years' experi-
ence. Good Salesman. First-class hand. Wreaths, &c. Total
abstainer. Good reference. — W. E. IVEV, Terrace Green
Lane, Heaton Norris.
Tj^OREMAN, or SECOND, in the Houses.—
-L Married, one child ; well up in Ferns and Stove and
Greenhouse Plants. Five years' good character, — J, S., x,
Upton Rijad, Swanmore, Ryde, Isle of Wight.
To Gentlemen.
GROWER (First-class).— Age 36, married,
and family ; good at Fiuii, Flowers, and Plants. —
ALPHA, 4, Fern Grove, Feltham, Middlesex.
PROPAGATOR.— Age 24 ; has a good know-
ledge of Stove and Greenhouse Propagation, also Fein
Raising and Growing. Good references. — E. WARDEN,
Messrs. Gregory & Evans, Sidcup. Kent.
IJROPAGATOR, under the Foreman, Hard
■- or Solt-wooded. — Age 22. Seven years' experience. —
W, J., 76, Gloucester Street, Cirencasiei, Gloucestershire,
PROPAGATOR (Indoors).— Age 24 ; ten
years' practical experience in Pot Koics, Clematis, Coni-
feia;, H^tdand Soft-wooded Stuff Good at Wreaths, Bouquets,
&c. Excellent characters. — E. G. W., The Gardens, Peas-
marsh Place, .Sussex.
TOURNEYMAN.— Has been used to Vines,
^ Melons, Flowers, &c. Houses preferred. Seven years'
gocd chan-icter. — B, A., 16, Winchester Road, N.W.
JOURNEYMAN.— Mr. Kingan, Gardener,
^ Stonelield, Lincoln, can rccomniend a young man to any
Gardener in want of such. Seven years' experience.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
establishment, under a good Foreman. — Age 21 ; good
reference, — C- JONES, Moitimer, Berks.
JOURNEYMAN (First), in a Nobleman;s
^ or Gentleman's establishment. — Age 24 ; well versed in
Early and Lale Forcing. Can be well recommended. — G.
BAKER, St, Thomas' Hilt. Otterton, near Salterton, Devon,
TOURNEYMAN (First), in a Nobleman's
C-' or Genileman's establishment, where Gardening is carried
on with spirit. — Age 23 ; good references from present and past
employers.— J. HORNE, Mr. H. Claik, Blenheim Palace
Gardens. Woodstock.
TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or other-
^} wise. — Age 24, single ; gocd character from last place,
also twelve months' previous.— J. W., 28, Felix Ryad, Ealing,
London, W.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
establibhmenL — Age 23 ; good refercrccs fmm present
and previous employers. — S. C, The Gardens, The Hetniitage,
Higham, Kent,
IMPROVER, in good Provincial Seed
Business, Has served five years in first-class House. — C.
PARKIN, z, Ewan Terrace. Sealand Road, Chester.
TO NURSERYMEN and LANDSCAPE
GARDENERS. —To Superintend the Laying-out of
Public Park or Private Garden. Firat-class abilities and
references.— T. B., 12, York Rise, N.W.
TO GARDENERS.— A Gardener's Son (age
18) wishes for an engagement. Has had experience in
Gentlemen's Gardens and Nurseries, both In and Outdoors.
Bothy preferred. — ALPHA, Long Ditton Hill, Surrey.
SHOPMAN (Head), or position of Trust.—
Age z8; nine years' experience in London trade. First-
class references. — B. X , Gardeners CIn-onicle Office, 41, Wel-
lington Street Strand, W.C.
SHOPMAN (Head), or SECOND in a good
House.— Age 23 : eight years' experience. Highly re-
commended.—A. B., 354, Fairfield Terrace, York Road,
Wandsworth, S.W.
To the Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN.— Age 22 ; eight and a half
years' experience. Well up in all departments. Excel-
lent testimonials.— ALPHA, Messrs. Nutting & Sons, 60,
Barbican, London, E C. ^^_________^.^__^^^
Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN.— Age 23; eight years' good ex*
perience in the Retail Seed and Bulb Trade. Well
recommended. — W. J., £o, Union Street, Aberdeen.
SHOPMAN. — A young man (age 20), having
five years' experience at Counter Work, desires re-cneago-
ment in a Wholesale or Retail House. — JOHN A. HENDER-
SON, 51, South Drnmlanrigg Street, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.
To Seedsmen and Florists.
SHOPMAN. — Thoroughly steady, honest,
and trustworthy young man of good address. Four years'
experience. Well recommended.- ALPHA, 184, Milk wood
Road, Heme Hill, London, S.E.
Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN (Second).— Seven years' expe-
rience in two good Scotch houses. Well up in Vegetable,
Farm, and Flower Seeds. Will be strongly recommended.—
C. R,, George Stewart, 66, Paisley Road West, Glasgow.
To the Seed l^ade.
SHOPMAN (Second).— Age 22; seven years
experience in two leading Glasgow firms. Highly recom
mended.— J. N., J & R.Thyne, 63. Buchanan Street, Glasgow
HOLLOWAY'S PILLS can be confidently
recommended as a domestic remedy for the ailments of
all classes and conditions of people Young and old of both
sexes may take this medicine with the certainty c-f deriving
benefit from its uses, when disorder or disease is making them
miserable. Holloway's Pills are unrivalled for their purifying,
aperient, and strengthening properties. They remove indiges-
tion,p alpitation, and headache, and are specially serviceable in
complaints peculiar to females. Each box is wrapped with
printed instiuctions for the guidance of invalids, who will
readily understand, from caiefully studying them, the best way
of recovering health. Holloway's Pills will work a thorough
change in the constitutions of the weak and nervous.
484
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 13, 1883.
CHAS. KERSHAW,
OF THE
SLEAD SYKE NURSERIES, BRIGHOUSE,
HAS PLEASURE IN AGAIN OFFERING HIS
NEW EARLY RHUBARB, "PARAGON."
\
PRICE— strong Plants, each, Is. 6cl. ; per dozen, 15s.
THIS is unquestionably the finest variety of Rhubarb ever offered ; in mild seasons it is ready to pull in February. The crowns and stalks are
produced in such profusion that more than twice the weight can be pulled from this than from any other sort. The colour is a splendid red,
flavour excellent, and it has this qualification over all others, IT NEVER SEEDS. The illustration is taken from a plant not two years old.
TESTIMONIALS.
Wholesale Market. Huddersfield.
" I have pleasure in stating that daring the last three years I have sold a large quantity of
Mr. Charles Kershaw's new Rhubarb ; it is by far the handsomest and best that comes into the
market, the colour is such a bright red and the leaves are so very small that when bunched it has
an exceedingly neat and tidy appearance, it also bears handling well, in fact I can sell no other
sort until I h<ve finib.hed it. Oq referring to my books I find ihat in i83o. from the middle of
March to ihe first week ia May, I had 4000 doijen bunches ; when 1 saw the small piece of ground
it was pulled off, I was astonished. Last year I had about the same quantity, and this year I
have had more, as I be^an to have it the first week in March. — I am, Sir, yours, &&, G. H.
HOWARTH, Fruit and" Potato Salesman."
From Mr. Samuel Peel, JMarket Garaener, Strawberry Lodge, Elland.
" Some time ago. Mr. Charles Kershaw sent me for trial some roots of his new Rhubarb, and
as I am an extensive grower of Rhubarb I have had a eood opportunity of testing it, and have
found it much suoerior to all other sorts ; it is a heavy cropper, very early, of fine flavour, and the
colour is a most beautiful red : with me it has never produced a seed crown."
Brighame, October, 1S82.
" For several years, during the season, Mr. Chas. Kershaw has supplied me in quantity daily
with his New Rhubarb — there is no soit that I am acquainted wiih that can equal it in colour or
quality. I believe it to be the best Rhubarb erown. 1 cannot speak more highly of it than it
deserves.-CSiffoed), JONATHAN MARSDEN, Wholesale Fruit and Potato Merchant."
From the Gardeners' Chrquicue..—" Repjrt 0/ the Fruit Committee 0/ the
Royal Horticultural Society, April 11, i832."
" Mr. Chas. Kershaw, of the Slead Syke Nurseries, lirighouse, sent samples of a very good
seedling Rhubarb, which the committee seemed to think well of."
Belsfield Gardens, Windermere, October 25, 1882.
" During the time I was Gardener to Sir Titus Sail, Bart., Crow Nest, LightcUffe, near
Halifax, I had frequent opportunities of seeing Mr. Chas. Kershaw's Seedling Rhubarb. It is a
very early sort (when ours was only making its appearance he; was pulling), the colour is a
good red, and the plant an enormous cropper ; on one occasion, when paying a visit to the nursery,
I saw pulled from one root twelve bunches, which Mr. Kershaw told me were then selling lor a
shilling, and I saw hundreds of other plants equally good. Without doubt this is a valuable
acquisition. By sending out this variety Mr. Kershaw will become a benefactor to his country. —
(Signed), J. NICOL."
This magnificent variety, which Chas. Kershaw sent out for the first time Ja^t autumn, has
fully proved to be all that was then said of it. He has abundant testimonials to this effect. The
following is one : —
" Dear Sir, — The 300 ' Paragon ' Rhubarb roots"! had of you last year have done exceedingly
well ; the flavour is excellent, and from present appearances itfseems likely to verify all the good
things said of it. My foreman speaks very highly of it, and I am certainly well pleased with it. —
I am. yours truly, CV RUB AINSWORTH, Leigh Nurseries, Elton, Bury, Lancashire."
Messrs. HURST and SON. 152, Houndsditch, London, E.
Messrs. SUT I ON and SONS, Reading.
Messrs. WATKINS and SIMPSON, Strand, W.C.
Messrs. JACOB WRKNCH and SONS, London Bridge, E.Q
Mr. ALFRED LEGERTON, s, Aldgate, London, E.G.
May be had from the following Firms :—
Messrs. J AS. FARRAR and CO., 36, Primrose Street, Bishops-
Messrs. TOOLE AND CO , Dublin. [gate, E.G.
Messrs. HOOPER and CO , Covent Garden, W.C.
Messrs. NUTTING and SONS, 60, Barbican, London, E.G.
Messrs. RICHD. SMiTH and CO., Worcester.
Messrs. JAS. BACKHOUSE and SON, York.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY.
THE LAWSON SEED COMPANV, Edinburgh.
Messrs. DANIELS BROS., Norwich.
Mr. SAMUEL YATES, 16 and 18. Old MiUgate, Manchester.
Or, direct from-CHARLES KERSHAW, The Slead Syke Nurseries, BRIGHOUSE.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Fuhlisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Beadbuky, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitelriars, City of London, in the Comity of Middlesex, and Publiihed by
the said William Richakds. at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Gaiden, in the said County.— Satukdav, October 13, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
CstaijUfiijeti I84i.
No. 512.— Vol. XX. {ser.es.} SATURDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1883. {
Registered at the General ) Price 6(1.
Post-office as a Newspaper, j" Post-free, sJrf.
CONTENTS.
Abrus Precitoriiis 503
Apples, ktepint; .. ., 495
Apple Yorkshire Beauty 405
,, Herefoid&hire Beef-
ing .. .. 495
,, show at Chiswick 500, 507
„ tree, too deeply
planted . . . . 505
,, culture .. .. 505
Andromeda spec'iosa pul-
veruttnia .. .. 494
Androsace lanuginosa .. 495
Arboretum .. . . 494
Asters, perennial .. 502
Boltonia indica and Aster
jdponicus .. . . 505
Bousingaultia basilloides 495
Buckinghamshire garden 493
Caltleya Trianx var. for-
mosa . . . . . . 49S
Catholic acid and leaf
lungus .. . . . . 496
Carnation Louisa Ash-
burron . . . . . . 505
Celosia pyraniidalis . . 504
Coniier, diseased . . 504
Dahhas, single .. .. 502
Darlingtonia californica 504 i
Delphinium nudicaule 502
Eucomis punciaia , . 503
Florists' fluwers .. .. 509
Forestry, instruction in 497
Foreign correspondence 508
Fruit notes . . . . aQS
Fruit prospects next year 502
Gladioli, the winter treat-
ment of . . . . . . 505
Grape Abercairney Seed-
ling and others .. 495
Crapes and vineries . . 499
Handsworth nursery, the 494
Hardwick Hall . . .. 490
Hardy fruit garden, ihe 499
Hydrangeas .. .. 504
Katmia Andromjedafolia
Marigolds . .
Masdevallia Davisii
Maxillaria lutea alba
Nectarmes Humboldtand
Darwin ..
Obituary , .
Odontoglossum Loodes-
boroughianum , .
Oncidium flexuosum
Orchard- house, the
Ornithogalum gracile . .
Pea Biiiish Queen
Pear General Todtlcben
Pelargonium Fail est of
the Fair
Phylloxera laws, the
Pinus Banksiana . .
Plants, new garden
„ arranging in conser-
vatories . .
Presentation to Mr,
Barron . .
Prunus Pissardi ..
Pyrus pinnatifida
Kanunculuses in pots ..
Red-wood, the
Saccolabium curvifolium
Serra de Estrella, the . .
Societies : —
Scottish Horticultural
Asseciation , .
Strawbenies. autumn ..
Sunshades
Trees as artists' models
Tritoma uvaria .. ■ ■ .,
Vanda cceiulea and
Pleiones at Mr. Bec-
kett's
Water supply for gardens
Wasp and bee stings
Victoria regia
Vie et White Czar
Wilder, Hon. Marshall P.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Hyacinth Pots
Maurandya erube^cens . .
Pears Jersey Giatioli and Urbaniste ..
Tomato!-, m.iUoinied
494
502
493
498
49;
509
498
498
499
506
505
503
507
5g6
503
492
496
500
504
492
504
497
49S
502
5,6
5f7
506
504
496
S'SS
SO'
509
S':4
BOROUGH of HACKNEY CHRYSAN-
THKMUM SOCIETY.
ROVAL AQUARIUM. WESTMINSTER, WEDNESDAY
and THURbDAV, November 14 and 15. The following
amounts are offered in Prizes : —
About SIXTY POUNDS for Cut Blooms.
„ FORTY-FIVE POUNDS for Specimen Plants.
„ TWENTY-SIX POUNDS for Fruits and Vegetables.
„ TWENTY POUNDS for Grapes, &c., &c.
Schedules are now leady, and may be had on application to
WILLIAM HOLMES, Honorary Secretary.
Frampton Park Nursery, Hackney. Loudon, E.
fN G ST bW and S U R B I T O N
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The SEVENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION ivill be held
in the Drill Hall, Kingston, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY.
November 15 and 16 ; when, in addition to valuable Money
Prizes, the CHAMPION CHALLENGE VASE, value
2sGuined>, will be competed for. For Schedules and further
particulars, apply to ^ JACKSON, Hon. Sec.
Fife Road, Kingston. -* '
"OEADING HORTICULTURAL
Xt SOCIETY.
A CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW fin connection with the
above) will be held at Reading, on NOVEMBER 22. Regula-
tions and Schedule of Prizes on application to
97, London Street, Reading. WM. SMITH, Secretary.
LIVERPOOL ^" HORTICULTURAL
ASSOCIATION will hold in MARCH NEXT, aGrand
Exhibition of HYACINTHS and other CHOICE SPRING
FLOWERS. Schedules in due course.
JOSEPH GORE, Secretary.
Specimen Hybrid Rhododendrons.
EB. LAIRD AND SONS (Successors to
• the late Firm of Downie & Laird), have for disposal a
few extra fine specimens of the above in tubs, and well set with
buds. A LIST of the sorts, with heights, will be sent on
application.
Royal Winter Garden. Edinburgh.
TRAWBERRIES— Next Summer, by
plaiiting now : capital roots, 4^. per 100 ; 6d. extra per ico
for delivery by Parcels Post. In a Few Months, by forcing :
plants in pots, iCi'. per 100. Only the best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application. — RICHARD SMITH and
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
TRAWBERRY RUNNERS. — All tlie
leading kinds, zs, per loo. Cash with order.
JOHN SCOTT, Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset.
~ To the Trade.
GLADIOLI, NAMED and MIXED
HYBRIDS.
HOOPER'S LIST is the Cheapest in the Trade. Only
First-class Sorts. Sent by return post by
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.
AQ
PAUL AND SON'S ROSE CATALOGUE
has been, ihey believe, Posted to all Customers ; if net
received, one shall be sent on application to
PAUL AND SON, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt.
FRANCIS BELL, NURSERYMAN, Easing-
wold, ofTers for sale 2,000030 LARCH, 2 to 5 feet,
recently transplanted, with good heads and well rooted, at
greatly reduced prices.
ARNATION, "MARY MORRIS."
Plants now ready for delivery.
First-class Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
18S2. A beautiful Rose*coloured Self, very highly scented, of
great size, very full, and of perfect shape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardetwrs Clu-oiiicle, August 4, 1883, page 146.
Price and all particulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C.
ERMUDA EASTER LILY (Lilium longi-
tlorum Harisii). — Having ordered direct a large quantity
of the best procurable bulbs from America, we are enabled to
offer ihe true variety at the low price of is. 6d. each. More
than forty beautiful pure white trumpet-shaped flowers have
been produced from a single bulb. For further description of
this valuable acquisition, see Bulb LIST, free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and Nursery-
men. Worcester.
TMANTOPHYLLUMS.
-*- Fresh Seeds, hybridised from the sorts with large flowers,
per dozen, 5J. ; per loo, 30J. ; per 1000. ^lo.
Foi warded free by post to all parts of the world for cash.
ED. PYNAERT, Ghent, Belgium.
U I L.E G I A GLANDULOSA
(GRIGOR'S, guaranteed true).
Twelve Plants of this beautiful Cotumbme, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kingdom, at ts. per
dozen. Cash with order.
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries. Forres. N.B.
RANSTON'S Descriptive CATALOGUES
of Fruit and FOREST TREES, SHRUBS, &c , ate
now ready, and may be had free on application
CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED COMPANY
(Limited', King's Acre, Hereford.
To the Trade.
CUCUMBER SEEDS.— We shall be glad
to quote prices of Veitch's Tender and True and Rollis-
scn's Telegraph Cucumber seeds, in large or small quantities.
Both are very superior stocks, ot our own growih, and carelully
selected.
GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen. Bath.
UCHARIS AMAZONICA.— Any Private
Gentlemen and Nurserymen HAVING THE ABOVE
TO DISPOSK (^F. please quote lowest cash price to
WILLIAM INGLIS, General Seed Merchant. Kelso. N B.
To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.
ACATTANEO, COMMISSION Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden,
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.
ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
ANTED, STEPHANOTIS, EUCHA-
RIS, ORCHIDS, TUBEROSES. BOUVARDIAS,
CAMELLIAS, ROSES. CARNATIONS, CALLAS. CHRY-
SANTHEMUMS, Double PRIMULA, and other CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS, in large or small quantities. Boxes, and
particulars as to packing, forwarded on application.
\V. DENMAN, Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden, 'W.C.
Eucharls amazonica.
WANTED, strong Bulbs of the above.
Send sample and lowest price to
WAITE, NASH, HUGGINS, and CO.. 79, Southwark
Street, London, S. E.
ANTED, PYRUS ARIA, 7 feet. Send
samples and price per loo to
THOMAS BURY, Arley Nurseries, Mellor, Blackburn.
ANTED, Specimen PALM, 7 feet high.
State particulars and price to
W. MILES, 40. Church Road, Hove, Brighton.
Notice to Senders.
WANTED, PEACHES. GRAPES, TOM-
ATOS, MARIF, LOUISE PEARS, &c Also
STEPHANOTIS, EUCHARIS, GARDENIAS, TUBE-
ROSES, Marichal Niel and other ROSES; 'White CAMEL-
LIAS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, W.C.
WANTED, to plant, American BLACK-
BERRIES, in quantity. — Send particulars and prices to
W. B. MERCER, 3, Great Queen Street, Westminster, S.W.
Fotatos Wanted.
WANTED TO PURCHASE, BEAUTY
of HEBRON, READING HERO, and WHITE
ELEPHANT. State quantity and price for Cash.
BKINKWORTH and SONS, Royal Berkshire Potato
Establishment, Reading.
w
w
Sharpe's Seeds.
CHARLES SHARPE and C O.,
Sbed Growers and Seed Merchants, Sleaford, will
be glad to forward, Post-free on application. Special Whole-
sale quotations of their own selected stocks ot Garden and Agri-
cultural Seeds. Sleaford.— Ociober, 1883.
A R N A T I O N S.— Well-rooted Layers of
Souvenir de la Malmaison, 6s. per dozen. Much cheaper
by the ico. Trade supplied.
A. RATCLIFF, liristol House, Court Road, Sutton, Surrey.
New Catalogues.
CHARLES TURNER'S New Descriptive
CATALOGUES for the season are now ready, com-
prising Roses, Fruit Trees, and all kinds of Hardy Trees and
Shrubs ; also Carnations, Picotees, Auriculas, and other
Florist I'lowers, Bulbs, &c.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
pHEASANT-EYED NARCISSUS.— Bulbs
■■- of this sweet-scented Narcissus los. per bushel, 6s. per
^2 bushel, 3^. 6ii. per peck. Special offer for quantities over
5 bushels. Cash wuh order. Package free.
^ W. R. ALDLRSON, Bell Farm, Hersham. Suirey.
Tea Roses— Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
REEFERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants, being in pots, may be moved now,
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
ID ULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
-1—' offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important noveldes. on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen, Worcester.
Hyaclntlis. TuUps, Narcissus. LUles, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., BULB
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post*
free on application.
Until the Stock Is Exhausted,
nHARLES NOBLE will supply the finest
V_^ forcing clumps of crowns ever offered of : —
SPIR/1-:a PALMATA, at 15J. and 20s. per 100.
„ JAPONICA, 121. 6(^. per 100.
Orders with cash or reference should be sent at once. — Bagshot.
pnOICE SELECTIONS of ALPINES and
VJ HERBACEOUS PLANTS.-ioo for 281. ; 200, for. ; 300
looj : 400. 140J. ; 5CO, 200J. Distinct species, established in pots.
SAXIFRAGES — 100. 28^.; 200, losj., distinct species and var.
CATALOGUE on application.
STANSFIELD BROS., Southport.
plCOTEES, CARNATIONS, CLOVES,
-L &c.— My Annual Autumn CATALOGUE is now ready,
and contains all the best of the above families, and in addition
Collections of ROSES. TREE CARNATIONS, CLIMBING
PLANTS, P.EONIES. SHRUBS. PINKS, &c.
THOS. S. W.\RE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
DESCRIPTIVE~CATALOGUE~of Roses,
Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons, Deciduous and Ever-
green Trees and Shrubs, Forest Trees, Azaleas, Camellias,
Grape Vines. &c., free by post.
H. LANE AND SON. Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Herts.
URPLUS STOCK.— Handsome and Choice
Evergreen and Deciduous TREES for Avenues, Parks,
Gardens, Streets, &c. Very good and cheap, LIST free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
ofTer GLADIOLI SPIKES. HERBACEOUS
PLANTS, PVRETHRUMS. single and double : PHLOXES
and TEA ROSES. CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA
SEED and PLANTS.
OrcUdB, Bulbs, LUles.
THE NEW PLANT and BULB COM-
PANY. Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64. containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
Deutzia gracilis.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
Special Culture of
FRUIT TREES and ROSES.— A large and
select stock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The Desoiiptive CATALOGUE of Roses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgt-
worth, Herts.
FOR SALE, ICO Bushels of Aberdeen Green-
top YeUow TURNIP SEED. Warranted true and the
Stock of 1883.
C. WILSON. Seed Grower. Langford Beds.
486
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 18S3,
SALES BY AUCTION.
Dutoli Flower Koots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATUKDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past \1 o'clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS. CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and olher BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of S.ale, and Catalogues had.
Monday and Tuesday Next.
ENTOMOLOGICAL BOOKS, INSECTS, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY and TUESDAY NEXT,
October 22 and 23, at haU-past 12 o'Clock precisely each day,
the COLLECTION of ENTOMOLOGICAL BOOKS and
INSECTS foimed by the late John Gray, Esq., of Claygate,
Esher (formerly of "Wheatfield House." near Bolton). The
books are noteworthy for their excellent binding and condition.
The COLLECTION of INSECTS is extensive and valuable,
consisting chiefly o fEuropean Coleoptera, contained in splendid
mahogany boxes: also -several parcels of NATURAL
HISTORY BOOKS from the Libraries of Messrs. F. Bates
and C. P. Gloyne. On view from 10 to 4 o'Clock the Saturday
prior and mornings of Sale, and Calalogues had.
Wednesday Next.- (Sale No. 6499.)
4CO Bulbs of the famous BERMUDA LILY, and
40C0 LILIUM TENUIFOLIUM, from America ;
5000 ROMAN HYACINTHS, 2000 ROMAN NARCISSUS,
And 700 LILIUM CANDIDUM, from France.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
October 2 + , the above consisnments of Bulbs.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next. -(Sale No. 6497-)
ORCHIDS, STOVE PLANTS, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. October 24. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, a small COLLECTION of ESTAB-
LISHED ORCHIDS and STOVE PLANTS, including many
fine specimens ; an importation of La;Iia anceps. L. autumnalis,
L. albida, Odontoglossums. Oncidiums, and olher Orchids
from Messrs. F. Horsman & Co. ; also the remaining portion of the
grand collection of new hybrid SARRACENIAS raised by the
most successful grower in the country, O. O. Wrigley, Ejq , of
Bury, consisting of many very distinct varieties not yet in
commerce, and in splendid condition, including the gems of the
collection, being the finest lot ever brought to Auction, and
sold by order of Mr. G. Toll, who has purchased the entire
stock from the raiser ; 400 bulbs of the famous Bermuda Lily,
4000 Lilium tenuifolium, 700 L. candidum, 5000 Roman Hya-
cinths, 2000 Roman Narcissus.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Sarracenlas.— New Varieties.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, October 24,
a Grand Collection of New Hybrid SARRACENIAS, raised by
the most successful grower in the country, O. O. Wrigley, Esq ,
of Bury, consisting of many very distinct varieties, not yet in
commerce, and in splendid condition, being the finest lot ever
brought to auction, and sold by order of Mr. G. Toll, who has
purchased the entire stock from the raiser.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6497.)
PLANTS and BULBS from Holland.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS from Ghent.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. October 24,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a consignment of choice named
CAMELLIAS, Indian AZALEAS, well set with buds, 200
FICUS ELASTICA, and PALMS from Ghent ; Slandard,
Dwarf, Climbing and Weeping ROSES, of sorts; FRUIT
TREES. Flowering SHRUBS, FOREST TREES, &c., from
Holland ; a small collection of STOVE and GREENHOUSE
PLANTS the property of a Gentleman : a consignment of
choice named Double and Singls HYACINTHS, TULIPS.
CROCUSES. NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, and
Olher DUTCH BULBS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
■ Thursday Next.
VANDA SANDERIANA.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C , on THURSDAY NEXT, October 25,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messsrs. Hugh Low
& Co., a grand lot of VANDA SANDERIANA, of various
sizes, amongst them a marvellous established specimen with five
growths and forty leaves, measuring over 3 feet across, specially
remarkable by reason of its unusu:illy vigorous habit and broad
leaves. Every one of the plants off'ered has sound, healthy
roots, made in this country, and leaves which would not be
easily surpassed in established collections. At the same time
will be ollered established plants of VANDA CCERULEA in
flower. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
^Thursday Next.
CATTLEYA MENDELIL
MR. T. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT
October 25, at half past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.. splendid imported specimens,
specially selected, of CATTLEYA MENDELII, amongst them
some received from Mr. G. T. White, collected in the same
locality where Mr. Blunt found the only plant yet known of
Cattleya Bluntii, the grand white form of Cattleya Mendelii
formerly in the collection of John Day, Esq.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
EstaWlslied Orcluds.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from J. Grirashaw, Esq., of Leeds, to offer for
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, October 25. at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, his entire COLLECTION of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising about 800 plants,
including specimen Vandas, Dendrobiums. Ccelogynes, and
Cattleyas ; Stanhopea W.ardianum, in bloom : Phalaenopsis
amaljilis, with spikes ; some of the finest Cattleya Mossia; and
Trianie ever flowered, C speciosissima in sheath, &c.
On view momiDg of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday, Novemher 1.
NEW VANDA.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, November i, instead
of date previously announced, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely,
by order of Mr. F. Sander, a grand importation of a most beau-
tiful VANDA from the island of Bali, in the Javanese group.
This splendid Vanda produces, as will be seen, as many as
twenty-four flowers on the spike, and is extraordinarily free-
flowering. In habit it resembles coerulea, but the flowers are
near insigne ; the colouring is chaste and striking, sepals and
petals being carmine, spotted and striped on white ground, and
the lip violet. See Drawing. ONCIDIUM ARMILLARE,
a lovely new introduction ; flowers yellow, with brown stripes.
Also other valuable importations. The Vandas are in specially
fine order ; all have sound roots, and among them will be found
specimens of rare excellence and size.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Important Sale of Established Orchids.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has leceived instruc-
tions from H. Harkewitz, Esq., of Middlesborough, to
SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, November 7, at
halfpast 12 o'clock preci.«ely, his extensive COLLECTION of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising about 600 plants,
all in fine condition, and including some good specimens of the
following varieties: — Aerides, Angtaecums, Anguloas, Calanthes,
Cattleyas, Coelogynes, Cymbidiums, Cypripedmms, Dendro-
biums, Epidendrums, Lailias, Lycastes, Odontoglossums. On-
cidiums, Phaius, Saccolabiums, Stanhopeas, Vandas, Zygo-
petalums, Phala:nopsis, &c. ; also a few STOVE PLANTS
and PALMS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Dutch Bulbs.— Great Unreserved Sales,
Every MONDAY, THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at half-past ir o'Clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCU3,
NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Hol-
land, in lols to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street. E.C. ^_^
^Edgware, N.W.
By order of ihe Mortgagee.— Clearance Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
The Stone Grove Nursery. Edgware, N.W.,on TUESDAY,
October 23. at r2 o'Clock. without reserve, the beneficial
INTEREST in the LEASE of the NURSERY; also, in
separate lots, the whole of the GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
the Erections o! Ten GREENHOUSES, two PITS, aooo feet
of 3 and 4-inch HOT-WATER PIPING, BRICKWORK,
BOILERS, and numerous efiects.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre-
mises, of J. H. BRIDGFORD, Esq , SoUcitor, 58, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, E.C; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8. New Broad Street. E.C.
Important Sale of First-class Dutch Bulbs :
ICO Standard, Dwarf, and other ROSES, of the best varieties ;
Hardy CONIFER/E, SHRUBS, AMERICAN PLANTS,
selected FRUIT TREES, &c.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auc-
tion Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E,C, on
TUESDAY, October 33. at 12 o'Clock precisely.
May be viewed the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the
Rooms.
Wednesday Next.
CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, FICUS, and other Plants from
Belgium ; STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS in
variety: Fine TEA ROSES in pots ; HERBACEOUS
and ALPINE PLANTS ; CLEMATIS ; a choice assort-
ment of Standard and Dwarf ROSES, hardy SHRUBS,
and a v.ariety of BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8. New Broad Street, E.C. .
Weatbourne Nursery. Harrow Road, W.
CLEARANCE SALE ENTIRELY WITHOUT RESERVE.
SALE of the whole of the GLASS ERECTIONS, HOT-
WATER APPARATUS and EFFECTS, by order of
Messrs. Wocdroffe & Sons, who are about letting the Land
for Building Purposes. „ , „
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises as above,
on THURSDAY NEXT, October 25, at 12 o'Clock precisely,
the erections of seventeen GREENHOUSES, containing a
superficial area of nearly 17,000 feet of glass and woodwork ; 220
FRAMEand PIT LIGHTS , about 3500 feet of HOT- WATER
PIPING, mostly 4-inch ; BOILERS. BRICKWORK, and
STAGING ; capital Market VAN. PONY CARRIAGE, Coke
CART HARNESS, 50,000 FLOWER-POTS, and numerous
other effects ; also the remaining GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
including three extra large Stephanotis.
May be viewed the day prior to Sale. Catalogues had on
5.e Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Friday Next.
'LKAAK ELEGANS variety, in flower.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, variety, in flower.
ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI variety, in flower.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to
include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, several extra
forms of L;ELIA ELEGANS in flower ; also a variety of the
broad-petalled type of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXAND R^.
flowers very dark, margined light rose ; together with a hne
plant of O. PESCATOREI VEILOPI, in flower.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.C.
Friday Next.
MASDEVALLIA SCHLIMII.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL
by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side. E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, at halfpast 12 o'Clock pre-
cisely, a fine lot of MASDEVALLIA SCHLIMII, one of the
most extraordinary species ever introduced and one of the very
finest of the genus ; together with other .very valuable impoita-
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
3, New Broad Street, E.C.
Orchids in Flower.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that they have made arrangements for
holding a special SALE of ORCHIDS in flower at their
Central Auction Rooms, 67 and eS, Cheapside, E.C, on
TUESDAY, October 30, at half past 12 o'Clock precisely.
The Catalogue is now being prepared, and the more valuab'e
plants will be notified in the Advertisement next week. Gentle-
men desirous of including lots are respectfully requested to send
the particulars not later than Tuesday Next, to ensure their
publication in the Catalogue.
Coventry.
UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of 1000 beauti-
fully.grown TREES and SHRUBS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
(in conjunction with Mr. Jas. Whittindale) will SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Jeffery's Wood Cross
and Payne's Lane Nurseries, Coventry, about a mile and a half
from Ihe Railway Station, on TUESDAY, October 30, at
II o'clock punctually, in consequence of the large number
of lots, the whole of the unusually well grown NURSERY
STOCK, comprising about 25CO Variegated Hollies, i to.7 feet,
a magnificent lot, and including many splendid specimens ;
40CO Green Hollies, i to 5 feet ; leco Variegated YEWS, 1 to 6
feet, including many fine named specimens ; 1000 common and
Irish Yews, 2 to 5 feet, many of them worked ; Fruit Trees,
Conifers, and other stock. ,„tttt-.t.t..t
May now be viewed. Calalogues had of Mr. J, WHITTIN-
DALE, Auctioneer, 29, Hertford Street, Coventry ; or of
Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Lower Streatham, S.W.
UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE, by order of Messrs.
Peed & Son, in consequence of having to give up possession
of the Land.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Nor-
bury Nurseries, Lower Strealham, S.W., opposite the Norbury
Station, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY. November i and 2,
at 12 o'clock precisely each day, the whole of the well-grown
NURSERY STOCK, all of which has been recently trans-
planted, comprising a fine lot of specimen Conifers and other
Shrubs in the borders ; Aucuba japonica, in large quantities,
Ornamental Trees, Trained and Standard Fruit Trees, Roses,
Climbing and Herbaceous Plants ; also the remainder of the
Specimen Greenhouse Plants, including fine trained Azaleas,
Camellias, and Ericas, three grand Specimen Anlhurium
Scherzerianum (Vettch's variety), Eshibition Plant VAN,
HANDLIGHTS. and BOXES, and numerous effects.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 aad 6S, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Lee, S.E.
SALE of beautifully-grown NURSERY STOCK, nearly the
whole of which has been transpl-mted within the last
two years.
MESSRS.- PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Pi emises, The Manor
Lane Nursery, Lee, S.E., on TUESDAY, November 6, at
12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. W. North & Son, a
large quantity of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, including
about 3000 fine specimen Evergreens, from 3 to 7 leet high ;
1000 Thuia Lobbii, 4 to 8 feet ; 2000 bushy Common Laurels, 5
to 4 feet ; 10^0 Standard and Dwarf Roses, 5003 small Ever-
greens for pots, 2500 Gooseberries and Currants ; also 500
Ampelopsis Veitchii, 500 Erica hyemalis, large Camellias, a lew
Orchids, and other Greenhouse Plants.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ;
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8. New Broad Street, E.C.
Milford Nurseries, near Godalming, Surrey,
Within a mile of Milford or new Gadalming Stations.
Hiehlv important Four Days' Sale of FIRST-CLASS
NURSERY STOCK.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. Maurice Young to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on
TUESDAY, November 6, and three following days, at iz
o'clock precisely each day, several acres of beautifully grown
NURSERY STOCK, in fine condition for removal, and lotted
to suit ihe Trade and Private Buyers, comprising 400J Speci-
men Evergreens, 1500 fine Variegated Hollies. 2 to 4 feet ;
500 Green Hollies. 2 to 8 feet ; 5000 Dwarf Roses, of the
best sorts ; 10,000 Green Hollies, 1 to iM foot, for hedges ; 3000
Green and Variegated Aucubas, 1 to 2 feet ; 3000 fine named and
other varieties of Rhododendrons. 9000 Evergreen Piivet, for
hedges or cover planting ; 9000 Laurels, of sorts ; 3000 fine
Ornamental Park Trees, 6 to 15 feet ; 1500 Limes. 7 to ic feet ;
8000 Flowenng Shrubs, 7000 Red and Black Currants, lor
Market Gardeners ; Fruit Trees, Climbers, Clematis, and olher
stock too numerous to mention. 1. -n -
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, ana
8. New Broad Street, E.C.
N.B. The Auctioneers beg to call the special attentionof
intending planters to this important Sale. Tne stock is in fine
condition and worthy of an inspection.
Eaton Nurseries, near Norwicli.
GREAT CLEARANCE SALE.
THIRD PORTION of the BEAUTIFULLY GROWN
NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs. Ewing & Co.,
who are giving up their Business.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
the old-established Nurseries at Eaton, near Norwich, on
ViTEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November 7 and 8, at 12
o'clock precisely each day, the Third Portion of the Valuable
NURSERY STOCK, comprijng about 10,000 choice Conifers
and Evergreens, in immense variety ; a fine coUectionof Ivies
and other Hardy Climbers ; many thousands of Fruit Trees,
beautifully grown and trained for Pyramids, Bushes Vi^alls,
open Standards, &c.. and consisting of the finest sorts of
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES,
Peaches, Nectarines and Apricots, Filberts and Nuts, Walnuts,
&c ; 10 oco Red and White Currant Bushes : 10,000 Roses of
the best sorts of Hybrid Perpeluals, Teas, Noisettes, Mosses,
Climbing Roses, &c. , „
Many thousands of Ornamental Trees, of large and small
sizes, deciduous flowering Shrubs, Forest Trees, including a fine
lot of young Spruce Fir, Chestnuts, Hazel, &c. The lots will be
so arr.anged as to suit both Wholesale and Retail Buyers.
May be viewed any working-day prior to the Sale. Cata-
logues on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and V.aluers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Eroad Street, E.C.
October 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
487
Gravesend.
By order of the Executors of the late Mr. Thomas Eves.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The
Nursery, Wrotham Road. Gravesend, on WEDNESDAY, and
THURSDAV. October it and November i, without reserve,
the valuable NURSERY STOCK, extendinR over 20 acres.
Further particulars will appear next week.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Prenii'L-s, or
of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C
October 23 and 24
SPECIAL CLEARANCE SALE.
MR. F. J. THORN BER has received in-
structions from Charles Wilson, Esq., who is rctiiinR
from business, to SELL by AUCTION, at the Summeihow
Nurseries, Kendal, on the above d.iles, the whole of his valuable
stock of .STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising
many thousands of Tea Roses, large specimen Camellias,
Gardenias, Stephanotis, Eucharis. Adiantum, Palms, &c.
The whole of the Stock will be Sold without the slightest
reserve. ALo TOOLS and WORKING PLANT.
The Sale will commence each day at it am. prompt.
Luncheon will be provided. Conveyances will run from the
Station.
CalaloRUes may be had on application to Mr. WILSON, or
the Aucii.">neer, Exchanne Chambers, Kendal.
The SUMMERHOW ESTATE, with or without the wh ,le
or part of the Glass, will be Offered on the first day of Sale, at
3 P.M. Full particulars from the Auctioneer, or of Messrs.
ARNOLD AND GREENWOOD, Solicitors.
Exchange Chambers.
Tansbelf Nurseries, Fonte^act.
MR. THOMAS BARKER will SELL by
AUCTION, at the above place, on WEDNESDAY
NEXT, October 24 and following days, the Enlire Stock.
Catalogues on application to Messrs. ST.'\NSFIELD,
Poulerract.
Southl)ourne.AugustusRoad,Edgbaston,Birnilnghaiu.
PRELIMINARY ADVER'l'lSEM ENT.
UNRESERVED SALE t.f RARE and VALUABLE STOVE
and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, by order of Walter
Showell. Esq , who is changing his residence,
MESSRS. LUDLOW, ROBERTS AND
WELLER will SELL by AUCTION, in the Grounds
as above, on WEDNESDAY, October 31, at ir o'Clock punc-
tually, the STOVE aud GREENHOUSE PLANTS, com-
prising tine specimens of Crotons, Draccenas, Anlhuriumt;,
Orchids, Palms, Ferns, Camellias, &c, miny of which have
taken valuable prizes at local shows.
Full particulars in next week's advertisement.
Wonersh Nurseries, Guildford, Surrey.
THREE DAYS' NURSERY SALE.
MR. H. W. COPUS is instructed by Mr.
W. VirgotoSELLby AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY,
THURSDAY, and FRIDAY, October 31, and November i
and 2. a very fine ae,sortment of NURSERY bTOCK. com-
prising Dwarf Standard and Climbing Roses, Portugal and
common Laurel, Cupressus Lawsoniana. RetiiiospT-ra. Thuias,
Abies DouKlasii, Euonymus, Deutzia gracilis, C-toneast-ir Sim-
monsi. Pinus austriaca, green and v.iriegated Hollies,
Manetli Stocks, Privet. Sweet Briers, English Yews, Gueldres
Roses, bedded Quicks. Virginian Creepers, 100, coi transplanted
Forest Trees, Mountain and Weeping Ash, Birch, Purple and
common Beech, Horse Chestnut, English Elm. Limes, Ba'm of
Gilead Fir, Laburnum, Norway Maple, Sumach, Sycamore,
Walnut, Poplar, Black Italian and Abele ; Scarlet 0.^k, Alder,
Hazel, Larch, English OsV, Spruce and Scotch Fir, Withy ;
extra strong Black Currants, Red Currants, and Gooseberries,
Standard and Pyramid Apples, Plums, Medlars, Quince, and
ethers.
Catalogues in due course, of the Auctionser, 16, Friary Street.
Guildford, Surrey.
Famcombe Nursery, near Qodalming.
Lotdon and South-Western Railway, close to Broadwater
Cricket Ground, about eight minute:- from Old Station.
MR. H. W. COPUS is instructed by
Mr. KailetoSELL by AUCTION, at the above Nur-
sery, on MONDAY, Ncvimber 5, at iz o'clock precisely, an
assortmeiit of fine grown NURSERY STOCK, comprisii g
thousands of very fine bushy Spruce Fir.Cedrus Deodara (2 to 6
feel), Cupressus Law?oniana (3 to 6 feet), ditto erecta vitidis,
Irish Yews (i to 3 feet); bushy Common, Caucasian, and
Poitugal Laurels ti to 3 feet); Ligusirum ovalifolium (2 to 3
feet,) Green and Variegated Euonymus. Irish and other Ivies,
Deutzia gtaciiis for potring. Thuia aurea. Abies Douglasii,
Picea Nordnianniana, Pinus austriaca, Rhododendron poniicum.
Variegated aid Green Hollies, Box, amongst which wiil be
found fine ipecimen Boider Plants ; Currants, Goosebenies,
Rhubarb Plants, Fcoo Aspatagus (a-yr.). Seakale, Limes (^ feet),
Norway Mapie (8 to 10 feet), Laburnum, Italian Poplar, acd
cleaii-grown St.indard and Pyramid Fruit Trees.
A Conveyance will meet ihe up train arriving at 11.23, ^ud
the down train atriving at 10.30 at New Godalniing Station.
'Ihe Nuisery is wiihm a few minutes* walk of the old Station.
Catalogues may be had (post-free) of the Auctioneer, 16,
Friary Street, Guildford.
London, East.
Only 5 miles from the Bank of England.
To BE SOLD, for the low sum of /750
(part of which could remain), to effect a speedy sale, or
would be LET ON LEASE at Cl^, a well established NUR-
SERY in a densely populated district — an Acre of Land,
Collage, and six Greenhouses.
Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Surrey,
Maiket Garden Ground, close to Beddington Railway Station,
and about i miles from Croydon.
To BE LET, 16 Acres of LAND,
well Planted with Fruit Trees, &c.
Apply to BIAKE, HADDOCK, and CARPENTER,
Estate Agents, &c., 21, High Street, Croydon ; and 32,
Nicholas Lane, E.C.
To Florlets, Nurserymen, and Others.
TO BK LET, with Immediate Possession,
adjoining Wood Green PolterieF, Honey Lane, Waltham
Abbey. Essex, five large and substantially built HOTHOUSES,
with Furnace, &c., complete, also a COTTAGE residence,
SHEDS. STABLING, and about ij^ acre of productive
Garden Ground.
Further particulars may be obtained, and plans seen at the
Office of Mr. JOHN HUDSON, Architect and Surveyor, 80,
Leman Street, London, E.
Middlesex.
To FLORISTS. MARKET GARDENERS, Senear London.
''FO 15 E LET, on Lease, from lo to i6
JL acres of suitable LAND, with i or a Cottages if required.
For particulars, apply to r. N. KINGCHURCH, 2, South-
ampton Street, Bloomsbury, W.C.
In the High Court of Justice, Chancery Division.
Mr. JUSTICE CHITTY.
In the Matter of the Companies Acts, 1862 and
1867, .ind
In the Matter of the General Horticui.ti;ral
CoMi'ANV (John Wills), Limited, in
Liquidation.
THE VACATION JUDGE at CHAMBERS
has by an order dated the 22d day of August, 1883,
appointed FREDERICK WHINNEY. of 8. OLD JEWRY.
in the City of London, Chattered Accountant, lo be Official
Liquidator of the above named Company, in the place of
Hi'-.nrv Smith, of ifg, Wool Exchange Buildings, in the City
of London, Accountant, and George Stago, of 33. Craven
Hill, Paddinglon, in the County of Middlese.x, Merchant.
Dated this 5th djy of October, 1S83.
C. HARWOOD CLARKE, Chief Clerk.
A. TOOVEY. iS, Orchard Street, \SoUci(or to the Official
Portman Squire, W. > Liquidator.
MESSRS. PEED & GREAVES,
AUCTIONKEKS AND E.STATE AGENTS,
1, HOLLAND ROAD, BRIXTON, LONDON, S.W.
THE above Firm will be happy to Furnish
EstimatesorTermsforthe SALE by PUBLIC AUCTION
of all Classes of NURSERY and FLORIST STOCK, either
at the Nurseries of Clients, or to be removed to the Sale Room^,
as above. Mr. W. G, PEED (son of Mr. John Peed, the
welMinnwn Exhibitor, Nurseryman, and Florist), by his practical
kiiowltd^^e of the 'Irade, the nomenclature of all classes of
Plants and Trees, as also his intimate knowledge of the value
of every variety of Nursery Stock, can guarantee a like com-
petency and thoroughness of Sale only possessed, by one well-
known firm in the Trade, and Messrs. P. & G. will ucdertake
any such Sales at lowest possible terms.
TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and FoRRiGN Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
A Gay Conservatory.
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, 2s. 6^., 4J., and
(iS. per dozen, according to size.
HERBAc;EOUS calceolarias, u. 6(/. per dozen, from
stores.
SOLANUMS, full of berries, CYCLAMEN. BOUVARDIAS,
TREE CARNATIONS, DEUTZIA GRACILIS, in pots
for early blooming, 65., <js., iss., and iSj- per dozen. Three
at same rates.
HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUS. SPIRAEAS, LILIES.
&c.— see Catalogue.
AZALEAS, Ghent, mollis, Pontica, or indica, all with buds, for
Forcing, 18s., 74s., and 30J. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
EVERGREEN HEDGES.
SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER.
ARBOR VIT^, American, 2 to 3 feet, 301. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet,
4'S. per :oo.
THUIA LOBBII, 3t0 4ft..8ox. per ico : 4 tosfi.. i2oi. perioo.
HOLLIES. Green, i to i J^ foot, aor. per 100 ; ij^ to a feet, 40s,
per ICO ; 2 to 7% (eet, S.s. per 100
The above have splendid roots and are well grown.
J NO. JliFFERIES and SONS. Royal Nurseries. Cirencester.
ROSES (20 acres). — Well-rooted, many
shooted, truly namt-d, of matured vigorous growth, and
of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co,'s selection, Ss. per
dozen, 60s. per 103; packing and carriage free for cash with
order. Standards, 15J. per dozen, or 100 free for 120s. These
world-'amed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction.
Descriptive LLST free on application.
RICH.ARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
SWEET-SCENTED LAVENDER.—
Twelve plants, is. yi , free, or 7^. per 100, free per Parcels
Post. This charming sweet-scented plant ought to be in
every garden; perfectly hardy, but suitable for greenhouse
culture.
RARE HOLLY FERN, wuh thorns, like miniature Holly
leaves, u , free; two plants, is. td., free; twelve, 75., free.
Quite hardy, but nice for Fern-case culture.
While sceuled old Engli.-h garden LILY, three fine blooming-
size bulbs, \s. 6d , free ; twelve, 4s. 6d., free.
MORLEY AND CO., Rosedale Exotic Nurseries, Preston.
Trade Offer.- 50,000 Palms and Ferns.
WILLIAM ICETON, Barnes and
Roehampton, has an especially fine stock of clean
healthy PALMS, at very low rates for quantities, viz. :— Arecas,
Coryphas, Cocos flexuosa, Weddelliana. Romanzoffiana ; Geo-
nomas of sorts ; Kentias, looonice plants ; Latanias, Pha:nixrupi-
cola, Cycas revoluta, circinalis. Rumphia. The finest stock of
DRAC/ENA LINEATA(true), from 3 to g feet, for Winter
Gardens and Conservatory Decoration : perfect plants. DRA-
CAENA RU BRA in large quantuies, also ASPIDISTRAS, varie-
gated ; ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, in very large quantities.
ABBAGE— CABBAGE.— Extra strong and
fine Plants of autumn sown Early Rainham, Early Enfield
Market, Early Batlersea, and Early Nonpareil, 3^. per looo ;
Robinson's Champion Drumhead, 3^. per 1000. The above are
well-rooted, and free frcm club. No better plants can be had.
Post-office Order, or reference from unknown correspondents.
Free on rail. Samples 00 application. Apply,
W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford, Surrey.
OLLYforHEDGES.— i2toi5inches,25j-.
15 to 18 inches, 35J'. ; i3 to 24 inches, ^cs. per 100.
Forest LIST, containing htights and prices of well-grown trans-
planted Quick. Ash, Larch, Spruce, Pines, Oakfi, Cover
Plants, &c.. free.
RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
NEW RASPBERRY,
"BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING."
Testititoninl /rotn Mr. Thomas Laxton, Bedford: —
" ' liuuniforth's Seedling ' Raspberry has again proved the best
of all Red Raspberries tried at Girtford (14 varieties)."
Prices — Planting Canes, 35^. per 100, 41, per dc^en ; Kruitirg
Canes, 355. per 100, Cj. per dozen.
Early oniers respectfully solicited.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, The Yorkshire Seed EfU-
blisliinent, Hull.
Outdoor Flowers in Spring.
DALSIE.S, Red, White, Rose, &c. POLY-
ANTHUS. Single PRIMSOSES. in variety of colour?,
WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS. <)d. p.r
doicn, 4J. and 51. per 100. PANSIES and VIOLAS
(colours separaie), AKABIS, ALYSbUM, SILENE
COMPACTA, AOBRIETIAS, MYOSOTIS, rs. 6./. per
dozen, 8j. per io(j. Or 500 assorted Spring-flowtiing Plants
for i/r. dd, ; icc, for 315. 6d.
TULIPS, various colours. 5.1. per tro CROCUS. 11. 6J. and
2t. per roo SNOWDROPS, its. 6d per 103. Border
HYACINTHS. i8<. per ico. NARCISSUS, of sorf, 51.
and 7J 6d. per loj. Or 503 assorttd Spring-flaweriiig Bulbs
for 12s. ; icoo for us.
HEPATICAS, Blue and Red, Double PRIMROSES. White,
Lilac, or Sulphur, 31. 6 A per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON. Oldfield Nursery. Allrincham.
Rosea. -Fruit Trees.— Fruit Tree Stocks.
SPECIAL OFFER at REDUCED PRICES,
Delivered free to London.
30,030 ROSES, fine standards. No. i and No. 2. choice.
iS.ooo ,, fine half-standards, No. i and No. 2, choice.
45,000 ,, fine low-budded on Manetti, No. i and No. 9,
choice.
2o,ooo ,, fine low-budded on Brier roots. No. i and No. 9,
50,000 ,, fine, own roots, well assorted. [choice,
lo.oco ,, fine, own roots, Souvenir de la Mahnaison.
300,000 ,. Brier seedling stocks.
100,000 STOCKS. Manetti, No. i and No. 2.
25 oco ,, La Giiffcraie, No. i and No, 2.
100.000 PEARS. PEACHES. PLUMS, APRICOTS,
APPLES, and CHERRIES, fine i-yr. budded.
30.000 PEARS and APPLES, p\ran.id. fine 2-yr budded.
15,000 PEARS, APPLES. J'E.^CHES, APRICOTS.
PLUMS and CHERRlES.f.Tmtd in pyramids and
pnlmeite. line extra transoianttd, ready to give fruits.
2.oco,oco FRUIT TREE STOCKS, 01 every kind and
choice, such as Quince ; Apple, i-yr. and trans-
planted ; Pears, i-yr. and transplanted; fl'iins,
St. Juhcn, Myrobolan, Mahaleb ; common Chenies
(Cerasus avium).
10,000,000 FOREST TREES and Omamental SHRUBS,
young stocks, i ard 2-yr., and transplanted.
PRUNUS PISSARDI.
This splendid ornamental tree, with its red leaves and black
wood foliage, keeping red until frost, is offered per 100 and icoj,
at low prices. A few hundred fine Specimens on star dards.
The prices of the Roses, Fruit Trees, and Fiuit Tiee Stccks
are very low and advantageous, and will be sent on demand.
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chateney (Seine), pies Pans.
France. Established 18 jy.
Persons wi^hing to be sssured of being supplied in full for the
next season, must direct their demands and orders at the earliest
moment, Mr. L. Paiixet is ready to ni.Tke immediutely a
contract for any quantities of the above stocks.
A Catalogue, printed in English, will be sent on application.
ERBACEOUS, ALPINE, and ROCK
PLANTS.
Collections of iQo choice varieties . . %cs.
,) 50 „ „ .. lys. 6d.
,, 25 ,, ,, .. loj. ()d.
Packing free and extra plants sent 10 compensate for carri ige.
R. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries. Edgbastcn,
Birmingham.
Beautiful Flowers for Gardens.
POTENTILLAS, PVRETHKUMS, DEL-
PHINIUMS.lovely hardy fl--wers lor Cu ting or Garden
Bloom. Named, 55. per dozen.
SPLENDID PHLOXES. Pent^temous, Pinks, Pansies, in the
finest varieties, 3^. 6rf. per dozen
HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, ihe most showy sorts
(too numerous to mention here— see Catalogues for Lisi),
2S. per dozen, -zis. per iod.
CARNATIONS and PlCtjTEES. good exhibuion soits. 6s.
per dozen plants. Fiiie Clove and Border Self varieties
4'. per dozen — all from layers.
LILIES, candidum. Orange, and Tiger Lilies, 3^. per dozen.
Many other sorts in Catalogue.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
TWOHUNDRED THOUSAND VIOLAS,
BEDDING PANSIES, HARDY PERENNIALS,
ALPINES, &c. — One uniiorm price, is. per dozen, tram-
planted. Land iold for Railway Extension. Guinea Gaidtn
Collection increased to thirty dozen, worth £,6 ; half, i-zs.
CATALOGUE gratis.
JOHN PIRIE AND CO., Stechford, Birmingham.
Prize Cob JFUbert Trees.
GENTLEMEN desirous of obtaining
the true WEBB'S PRIZK COB FILBERT TREES,
for delivery in October and November, should now send their
orders to Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., Calcot Gardens, Reading,
of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on application.
H R U B S and EVERGREENS, &c.
FOR SALE.
Apply at THE GREENHOUSES, Alexandra Park, N.
ACORNS. — Buyers will oblige by sending
Address and Requirements to
GEO. P. DARBY, Nuiseryman, Watford, Herts.
OSES, TREE CARNATIONS,
CLIMBERS, &c.
My CATALOGUE of above is now ready, and contain?, in ad-
dition to above, Selecti.ins of PANSIE?, BEDDING VIOLAS,
CLOVES, CARNATIONS. PICOTEES, PHLOXES, PY-
RETHRUMS, DELPHINIUMS, and many others.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tollenharo, London.
Vines -Vines— Vines.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (JoH.N Cowan), Limited, have this season, as
usual, a splendid stock of VINES, suitable for Fruiting in Pots
and Planting Vinerie.'!. Also a fine stock of Marechal Niel,
Gloire de Dijon, and other TEA ROSES.
Descriptive Priced LIST on application.
The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool,
s
488
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[October 20, 1883.
The Largest Rose Groundsin England
CRANSTON'S NURSERIES
(Established 1785).
THE PLANTING SEASON.
Order Early and Plant In October and November.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
Beg to draw the attention of Amateurs and Rose
Growers generally to their immense Stock of
DWARF and STANDARD
ROSES,
which are unusually fine this season. The
plants, having made very early growth, are now
well ripened, and will be in excellent condition
for transplanting. Plants are grown in every
variety of form, and upon Stocks best adapted
to the habit or constitution of the Rose.
Selections will be supplied at tbe follffwlng prices,
less 5 per Cent, discount for Cash with Order :—
STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS, superior varieties,
215. to 245. per dozen.
DWARFS on MANETTI, superior varieties, 91. to tor. per
DVVAR°FTon SEEDLING BRIER and BRIER CUT-
TINGS, superior varieties, los. to 125. per dozen.
DWARF TEA-SCENTED and NOISETTES, on Seedling
Brier, superior varieties, isr. to r8r. per dozen.
DWARF HYBRID PERPETUALS, on own roots, rsi. to
rS^. per dozen.
CLIMBING ROSES, gt. to t2j. per dozen.
NEW FRENCH ROShS for t883, 36J. per dozen
TE.-V-5CENTED, HYBRID PERPETUALS. &c., in Sinch
pots, specially grown for Forcing, 541., 30^-, to 42s. per
dozen.
GARDEN ROSES, suitable for Bedding or Mas-ing, 6oj.
per 100. ^^
Special Quotations ■will be given to Buyers of
Lar^e Quantities.
Descriptive Catalogue on application.
CRANSTON'S NUR!^ERY k SEED CO,
(LIMITED!,
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.
1883-A BC BULBGUIDE-1883.
THIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
lias been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General MISCELLANEOUS BULBS,
very extensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS (perhaps the finest collection ol these ever
offered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORUS,TRIL-
LIUMS, P.EONIES, the leading and most distinct
varieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.,
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
adapted for Autumn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from \Zs. to 365. per dozen.
These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAGINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
durinp the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY. SALE, MANCHESTER,
NEW EARLY RHUBARB,
Charles Kershaw's ** Paragon."
This is unquestionably the finest variety of Rhubarb ever
offered ; in mild seasons it is ready to puU in February. The
crowns and stalks are produced in such profusion that more
than twice the weight can be puMed from this than from any
other sort. The colour is a splendid red. flavour excellent, and
il has this qualification over all others, it never seeds.
PRICE-per Plant, Is. 6cl. ; per Dozen, 16a.
Price to the Trade on ap/>lic ztion.
For Testimonials and all other information, see back page
of Gardeneri Chronicle for October 13. May be had of
all ihe principal Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, or direct from
CHA.RI1ES KERSHAW,
THE SLEAD SYKE NURSERIES,
BRIGHOUSE.
ENGLISH and CHICHESTER ELMS,
FOR IMMEDIATE EFFECT.
J NO. JEFFERIES and SONS ofter a fe«
extra large ENGLISH and CHICHESTER ELMS
16 to 18 teet, fine straight stems, at 42r. per dozen.
JNO. JEFFERIES and SUNS, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.
NEW STRAWBERRY.
ABERDEEN FAVOURITE.
Certificate of Merit Royal Horticuliural Society, Aberdeen,
September 14, 1883
First-class Certificate North nf Scolljnd Horticultural Astocia-
tion, September 21, 1803.
This variety is a very free and continuous bearer, commencing
to fruit early in July, and producing a succession of large,
handsome, well coloured fruit until ihe middle of September.
Baskets of this variety were pulled as late as September 21. It
has taken the first place in ihe market here 'or flivour, produc-
tiveness, size, and shape. 5^. 6''. per ico, post-free. Early
enquiry necessary to ensure a supply.
CONNON & REID,
SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS, ABERDEEN.
We can also offer the other leading varieties.
-IH HOST CASES-
FREE BY POST OR RAI L
PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE
JAMES Dickson & Sons
I08EASTCATES! jM^tK
ALL ORDERS FOR
DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS
CARRIAGE FREE
BY RAIL OR PARCELS POST.
EXTRA QUALITY.
s. d.
HYACINTHS, choice named sorts .. per doz. 6 o
,, Early White Roman , 30
TULIPS, best show varieties .. .. ,, 16
CROCUS, ten best distinct sorts .. per 100 2 6
JONQUILS, sweet-scented .. .. per doz. o 8
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, named ,, 26
BORDER NARCISSUS, in variety .. per 100 46
ANEMONES, fine French varieties .. ,, 70
RANUNCULUS, Double French .. ,, 70
SNOWDROPS, extra large roots .. ,, 26
IRIS, German, in best mixture .. .. per doz. 2 o
SCI LLA SI BI RICA, large size ..per 100 60
SPIR^A ]APONICA, for forcing .. per doz. 5 o
CHRISTMAS ROSE, strong floweringroots ,, 6 o
LILIUMS, EARLY GLADIOLUS, AMARYLLIS.
WINTER ACONITE, BEGONIAS,
TUBEROSES, CROWN IMPERIALS, IXIAS, &c.
CATALOGUES FREE.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY (Limited),
HEREFORD.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
2 a"- Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES— Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °^ MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 1784.
ADDRESS :—
LANDRETH «& SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pa,?es, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25X. per 100, or 4^-.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.
DUTCH BULBS,
DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON'S
CHOICE FLOWER ROOTS.
OUR GUINEA PACKAGE
of Choice Hardy Flower Roots for Spring Gardening, contains
the following well selected l^^^t-cla^s sound Bulbs, viz. ; —
36 HYACINTHS, mixed, in distinct colours. ^
50 TULIPS, single, early, best mixed.
50 „ double ,. „ ,.
30 NARCISSUS. POLYANTHUS, best mixed.
30 ,, Incomparable, yellow, double.
50 ANEMONES, double best mixed. . „
50 RANUNCULUS, double, best mixed. "
400 CROCUS, in 4 distinct colours.
36 GLADIOLUS, best ml.xed.
50 SNOWDROPS, single.
Half this quantity for loi. td.
Other Collections for Indoor and Spring Gardening at
loi. 6(/., 2rj., 275. 61/., 505., 55^.. and itoj.
The above-named Collections may be had from our Agents,
Messrs. ME RTENS and CO., 5, Billiter Square, London, E.C,
during the season, against cash payment.
Our complete and revised CATALOGUE for 1883 may be
had Free on application to our Agents or ourselves direct.
Early Orders respectfully requested.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON,
NURSERYMEN, OVERVEEN, near HAARLEM,
HOLLAND.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
20,000 PALMS,
including Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Coryplias, Phoenix, CocosWeddelliana, Caryotas,
.ic ; FERNS, in 48's and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, for
flowering this season; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, 1ASMINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS;
Tuberous and Fohage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
October 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
489
> many thousands.
FOR SALE, 7000 Red and Black Dutch
CURRANTS. MronB, 2-yr. old ; 60,000 strong RASP-
BERRY CANES— Carter's Prolific and Norlhuiuberland Fill-
basket. Prices on application to
CHAS, BLUNDELL, Sen., The Home for Fruit, HaUtead,
Sevenoaks, Kent.
EIGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from lax. to 24J. per dozen* strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
DWARF ROSES, splendidly rooted, the
best sorts, ts per dozen, Irom ground ; fifty for 2iJ.
TICA ROSES, in pots, I : J. per dozen, fifty for ^ot.
FINE CLIMBING PI ANTS. Hardy, for \ValL, Trel'ises,
ArbouTS, Rockeries, ftc, in twelve varieties. 65. and qj.
FINE HARDY HEATHS and other Dwarf Ameiican Plants,
in variety, ^s. and ts per dozen.
PRETTY DWARF SHRUBS of various kinds, for Pois,
Boxes, Winter Bedding, &c., in variety, 41. or 6j per do/.
PRETTY TABLE PLANTS, in variety, for immediate use,
6j., gx , and lis per dozen.
BEAUIIFUL FERNS, twelve sorts, ^s. 6rf , 6^., or 91.
For all classes of Plants, Bulbs. Seeds. Fruit and other Trees,
Shrubs, or Garden Sundries, see our Cataloeues.
Many acres of ground and many thousand feet of glass are
stocked with the best of everything in the respective classes.
Visitors invited.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Olrifield Nursery, Altrincham.
To the Trade.
WELL- GROWN PLANTS,
special'y prepared for Winter Bloom.
GERANIUM, E V. Raspail. the much admired semi-
double, fine stuff ; BOUVARDIAS, various, twenty lo forty
heads, for bloom ; HELIOTROPE, including White Lady and
President Garfield : ADIANTUMS and other FERNS-all
in 48-pots, at ts. per dozen, 45^. per 100; also small stuff of
above frr growing on.
TREE CARNATION. La Belle Rose, in 48-pots. 12s. per
dozen. 901. per ico. Small charge for packing large stuff.
ALFRED STAPLEY.Stapley Road Nursery, Belvedere, S.F.
ANTHONY WATE R ER
Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—
HOLLIES. Common Green, 3, 4, 5, 6. 7, 8to
,, laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet high.
,, Hodgins', 3. 4. 5 to 8 feet.
,, myriifolia, diitj.
,, Saw-leaved, ditto.
,, Scottica, 3 to 8 feet.
,, Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others.
,, Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 ft.
,, Waterer's, splendid plants, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet
in circumterence.
„ Golden Queen, 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of
beautiiul specimens.
,, Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful
heads, tea to fifteen year's growth, hundreds.
,, New Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 7 feet, many
thousands.
YEWS, Common, 3. 4, 5. 6, to 10 feet, thousands.
,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards. In point
of variety and size unequalled.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 8 feet,
thousands.
,, Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLOBRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4, 5. 6, 7, 8, to
10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties koowOt 2, 3* 4t and
5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS. Chinese, 7, 8. and 10 feet high.
PICEA PINSAPO. 6 to 8 feet.
„ NORDMANNIANA. 6, 7, and 8 feet.
Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.
NEW LILIUM HARRISII (True).
We were the introducers of this distinct and
floriferous variety of L. eximium last year.
Extract from Gardeners' Chronicle : — " Lilium Harris! — We
have received a two-flowered stem of this Lily from Messrs.
Watkins & Simpson, who introduced it into the London market,
and which is the second flower-stem produced this season in
the manner described by Mr. Clausen, at p. 53. by a second-
sized bulb in the possession of Mr. Walker, of Whitton, near
Hounslow. The flowers are very fine, and evidence seems to
be accumulating that it is distinct Irom L. longiflorura, or at
least a well-marked variety of that species. It does not appear
lo do well out-of-doors, preferring the shelter of a cool green-
house ; and it stands forcing well.
*• IVe understand tJiat one 0/ ilie most extensive growers of
plants /or market has given a large order for bulbs for forcing
next spring."
Price of Bulbs of the above and many other Lilies
on application to
WATKINS & SIiaPSON,
Seed & Bulb Mercbeuits. Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
SPECIAL OFFER OF
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.
SHOW VARIETIES, all the best sorts.
BORDER VARIETIES, to name, a selection of fine free-
flrtwering and distinct coloured varieties,
BORDER VARIETIES, unnamed, all good double varieties.
TREE VARIETIES, the leading sorts.
NEW WHITE CLOVE, Gloite de Nancy.
Special prices (for immediate delivery) on application to
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
To the Trade.
HOME GROWN VEGEIAllLE and FIELD SEEDS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special nITers of all the varieiies of VEGETABLE
and AGRICULTUAL SEEDS they have ero*n this season
Irom choice selected stocks. The quality of the seeds is ex.
cellent, and the prices are very low.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
TAMES SMITH AND SONS, Darley Dale
?* Nurseiies, tiear Matlock, begs to offer the following in
nice plants : —
AZALEA PONTICA. i to 1% foot, qos. per ico, or igoj. per
loco ; lU to 2 feet. 30J. per too, or aSuJ. per 1000.
BERBERIS DARWINII. i to i% foot, 185. per 100, or i6of.
per 1000 ; i}^ to a feet, 251. per 100, or 220s. per 1000.
PA N S I E S.— The largest Amateur Pansy
Grower in this country has authorised his Gardener to
SELL SURPLUS PLANTS (rem his Stock, which comprises
over Ao-i Exhibition Varieties, and which have taken First-class
Certificates and Piizes all over the country. The Pansies will
be offered at Prices fai below what they can be obtained from
Nurserymen f^r. Particulars on application to
GARDENER, Messrs. 0. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill.
London, E.C.
THE HOME OF
FLOWERS
IS THE
PLACE FOE
FLOWERS.
SEND FOR
CATALOGUE.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
S W A N L E Y,
KENT.
SURPLUS
STOCK.
ISAAC DAVIES k SON
Have the following Plants, in which they abound, to ofl'er
at reduced prices : —
RHODODENpRONS, Hybrid Seedlings, fine plants, a large
proportion well set wiih buds, 2 feet high, lis, per
dozen ; aj^ to 3 feet, 18.J. ; larger, very fine, 24*., 36^.,
to 42^. per dozen.
,, Seedlings from the best late scarlet and other varieties,
and also from early blooming kinds, in fair proportions
of each, good bushy plants, lately transplanted, 12 to
15 inches, ■]$. per dozen, 50J. per ico.
,, Suitable for Potting, Hybrid Seedlings from the choicest
varieiies, 15 to 20 inches, bushy, five to ten buds on
each, \is. per dozen, including in each dozen three
Rhododendron prsecox, well budied.
AZALEA PONTICA, 12 to 15 inches high, bushy, well set
with buds, 6f. iper dozen ; larger, gj. to 125. per
dozen.
„ MOLLIS Seedlings, of various colours, nice plants, two to
SIX buds on each, 95. per dozen.
„ MOLLIS Seedlings, about 10 inches, bushy, twice trans-
planted, from the three following varieties, each kept
distinct — viz., Corate de Gomer, Consul Pccher, and
Isabelle Van Houtte. in equal quantities of each,
30s'. per lOo, ;£i4 per rooo.
Our choice named KHODODENDRONS and AZALEAS
are this season remarkably fine and well budded. For Descrip-
tion and Prices see our new CATALOGUE, which will be sent
t'j any address on application,
ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA nice bushes, 5-^. per 100;
larger, ^cs. per 100; extra large, aeood proportion wtll-
filled with flower-buds. 125. to ^%s. per dozen.
DAPHNE MEZEREUM, red and white, covered with flower-
buds, 15 to 18 inches, bushy, a,s. per dozen ; larger, 6^.
to qs. per dozen.
SKIMMIA JAPONICA, fine bushy plants. 6j. to 9^. per doz.
AUCUBA VIRIDIS, (berry bearing), nice bushes, 18 inches
high. 12J, per dozen.
DIPLOPAPPUS CHRVSOPHVLLUSrgoIden leaved shrub),
2 to aJ4 feet high, bushy, 65. per dozen.
HOLLIES, silver variegated, well lurnished plants, with good
roots, 18 to 20 inches high, 17s. per dozen ; 2 to 3 feet,
30,r. per dozen.
,, Common, bushy plants, extra transplanted, \'% to 2 feet,
305. per 100 ; larger. 50s. 10 70J per 100.
THORNS, Flowering, double crimson, double pink, and smgle
scarlet, 3 feet stems, fine heads, extra transplanted, icr.
per dozen.
POPLAR, Golden, strong bushy trees, 5 to 8 feet, \s. to zs.
each.
ROSES. Climbing, fine plants. Crimson Boursault, Dundee
Rambler, Ruga. F^licite Perpetuelle, and Princesse
Marie, in equal quantities of each, 5J per dozen-
ERTCA HERBACEA ALBA (new hardy Heath), a mass of
white flowers in early Spring, 5^. per dozen,
LILIUM AURATUM, fine home-grown flowering bulbs, from
seed of our own saving, ts. to 95. per dozen ; a few
larger, 125. per dozen.
All goods free on rail, but a small charge will be made for
package. Cash or reference from unknown correspondents.
Ormskirk, Lancashire.
FRUIT TREES (74 acres).—
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. CHERRIES, PEACHES,
NECTARINt.S. APRICOTS. &c , as Standards, Dwarfs,
Pyramids, Bu-hes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety.
VINES, excellent canes, 3s. td. lo 101. 6rf. ORCHARD
HOUSE TREES in pots, from 51. FIGS, Irom 3s. 6d.
Descriptive LIST, containing; a sketch of the various forms of
Trees, with dueclions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage. Manure,
Pruning, Lifting, Cropping. Trealmerit under Glass; also infor-
matioii as to Synonyms, Quality, Size, Korm. Skin Colour, Flesh,
Flavour, Use Growth, Duration, Season. Pi ice, &c., free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.
DUTCH BULBS.
All firft 5176 and quality. Cash prices.
HYACINTHS, finest named, 4.1., 5s., and 6j. per dozen ; ditto,
finest for beds, 2J. (3d. per dozen.
TULIPS, finest named, 5s. to 8j, per 100 ; ditto, finest mixed,
dnuble or single, as. per loo.
CROCUSES, first size, all kinds to name. is. td. per 100.
The CITY SEED and BULB DKPOT, 162, Fenchurch
Street, and 80, St. Paul's Churchyard. EC.
To the Trade only.
EH. KRELAGt: and SON, NURSERY-
• MEN, Seedsmen, and Florists, Haarlem, Holland.
The Wholesale CATALOGUE (No. 36'iA) of Dutch Flower
Roots and Miscellaneous Bulbous and Tuberous rooted Plants
for 1883-84 IS now ready, and may be had free on prepaid
application by Nurserymen, Florists, and Seedsmen.
Kent, The Garden of England.
300 coo FRUIT TREES iti 600 varieties.
GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.
beg to intimate that their stock was never finer, and
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them-
selves. The New Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps. Referenre LIST free.
The Kent Roses do Live.
Extra well-rooted stuff, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone. —Established 1796.
STRAWBERRY RUNNERsTfrom 20 choice
varieties, price 35. per 100, i-zs. 6d. per 500, aos. per 1000,
Free by Parcels Post, 4.1. per 100. Terms cash. Sample and LIST
free.— W. LOVEL and SON, Strawberry Growers. DrifTield.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSF.
41/. per bushel : roo for 25s : truck (loose, about 2 tons).
40s ; 4-bushel bags, id. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51 6rf. per sack ;
1; sacks, 25s ; sacks. 4ii, each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 221. ; sacks,
COARSE SILVER SAND, tj. g.!-. per bushel : 15s. per half
ton, 26s per ton : in 2 bushel bags, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, ri. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. St. 6rf. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 2t, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called r7A. Coal Yard), W.C.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, &c.
Superior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 4s. 6d. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from 55. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from 6^. per sack.
I.OAM, Yellow Fibrous, is. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best, ts. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, IS. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, ti. 6d. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, gi. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, from 6rf. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. td. per bag ; per truck-
load of about 2 tons, 35s.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 4.. bd. per bag.
VIRGIN CORK. rSi. per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 31, Glengarry Road, East Dulwich, S.F.
OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at ij. 3.7". each, or
r 5 sacks. \Zs. ; 30 sacks, Ci 5^.. sacks included. Truck-load,
loose, 3 It. : fifteen bags or more and truck. load free on to rail.
Post-ofhce order or cheque with all orders will obliee. Estah.
lished t872-J. STEVENS and CO., " Greyhound " Yard,
and r32, Hiah Street, Battersea, S. W.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, &c., of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM. Light or
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tone, 48J.
each Selected PEAT, 3S.persatk. SILVER SAND and LEAF
MOULD, %d. per bushel. Sacks, dd. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAM BEtcT, Rii.ewood.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best qualitv for Orchids.
Stove Plants, &c.. {,(, &i. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for RJlododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 15J. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s ; 5 Bags.
2(5. erf. ; to Bags, 451. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM.
ro5 fid. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52^. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone RUCKWORK, C^ per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 251. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.
EU R E K^AT!rTN"s"E"c"T IC I d'e",
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbridge.
Edinburgh. The only Insecticide worth using. Once used
always used.
DIRECTIONS. — For Syringing purposes, one part of the
Insecticide to loo parts of water. For Greenfly on Roses, &c.,
from I to 20, to 1 to 40 parts. For Thrip and Scale, i to 20
parts. For Bug, 1 to 15 parts.
N.B. — Very tender Mants s/tould he ivell syringed after
using the Insecticide.
In Bottles, u , zj., and 31. 6d. each. -js. dd. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
Wholesale Agents — IRELAND and THOMSON ?o,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
490
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[October 20, 1883.
A
FRICAN
TUBEROSES.-
ARRIVED.
-JUST
To THE TRADE.— JAMES CARTER,
DUNNETT AND BEALE have received their first
consignment of AFRICAN xaBEROSES. m splendid condi-
tion, and will be pleased to quote special prices to large buyers
on application.
237 and B3S. HiRh Holboro, London, W.C.
O THE TRADE.— SPECIAL OFFER.—
BEDDING HYACINTHS in distinct colours, very
fine- NAMED HYACINTHS, first quality: DOUBLE
SNOWDROPS, very fine; DOUBLE DAFFODILS, extra
large ; LILIUM CANDIDUM and LILIUM LONGl-
FLORUM. Write for Prices to
JAMES CARTER. DUNNETT and BEALE, 217 and
238, High Holborn. London, W.C
O THE TRADE. —BOUVARDIAS.—
Speci.al low offer of the following :— Alfred Neuner (double
white). President Garfield (double pink), and Hnmboldti
corynibifiora, nice vigorous stuff, in 6o's and 48's. Write for
prices and sample plant to
JAMES CARTEE, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and
23S, High Holborn, London, W.C.
EUONYMUS, extra bushy, fit for pots,
I and ij^ foot, 20J. and 25^. per ico.
J. W. CHAPMAN, Florist, Ramsgate.
REAL BARGAIN.
iS.coo Scotch CURRANTS.
15,000 Dutch CURRANTS.
50 Pyramid APPLES.
Good strong trees. Apply lo
T. H. B., Pimps Court, East Farleigh, Maidstone.
UCHARIS AMAZONICA and LILIUM
CANDIDUM. strong flowering bulbs. SPIEjEA
JAPONICA and LILY of the VALLEY, strong compact
clumps or single crowns. The above are of the finest quality,
and will force well. Low prices for large or small quantities on
application.
W. DENM AN, Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden, W.C.
To tlie Trade.
SPIR^A JAPONICA.
2-yr. transplanted, strong, for forcing, \is per loo.
W. C. SLOCOCK, Goldworth Old Nursery, Woking, Surrey.
E R M U D A EASTER LILY
(Lilium Harrisii) — A laree stock of excellent bulbs,
2J. 6(/. each, 245. per dozen.
LENT LILY—buIbs 31. td per iod, 30?. per 1000.
Priced CATALOGUES of our immense and very varied stock
of bulbous Flower Roots, &c.. post-free on application to
JAMES DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nurseries, Chester.
OUVARDIAS. — Fine, bushy, healthy
plants, of A. Neuner, Dazzler, and others, 40J. per 100.
Tree CARNATIONS, best free blooming kinds, 401. per loo.
Mrs. SINKINS, best white CLOVE CARNATION, for
forcing, -Kos. per too.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.
REVILLEA ROBUSTA, in thumbs, for
potting on, five to six leaves, 165. per 100, cash ; is, per
100 for packing.
H. MARSHALL, Barnham, Bognor.
For Present Planting.
GLADIOLUS, THE BRIDE.— This pure
white variety is perfectly hardy, and should be planted
this month, or early next. Blooms in June, or will stand
moderate forcing well. See our Wholesale Bulb Catalogue, to
be had on application. Special low prices for large quantities.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON. Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
ANDA BATEMANIL— Handsome speci-
mer, perfectly healthy, fine variety, 12 leaves, carried
■a6 bloomed spike last. Price £,z.
DE B. CRAWS HAY, Sevenoak?, Kent.
ABBAGE PLANTS, Early Rainham, and
EnBeld Maiket, best sorts, 25. dd. per 1000 ; best Sovereign
RHUBARB ROOTS, and earliest in cultivation, for planting-
out, as per dozen: SEAKALE and ASPARAGUS ROOTS,
cheaper than any man in the trade, price on application.
Scarlet King DAISIES, for planting-out, 2J. per 100.
RICHARD WALKER, Market Gardens, Biggleswade, Beds.
ARGE EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS
SHRUBS and TREES for immediate effect :—
ABIES DOUGLASII, 6 to 7 feet, 5^. each, 50J. per dozen,
„ ,. 7 to 8 feet, 6s. 6rf. each. ^os. per dozen.
EERBEKIS AQUIFOLIA, 2 to 2J4 feet, 6s. per dozen,
40s. per 100.
* CEDRUS DEODARA, 3 to 4 feet, 421. per dozen.
■" ,, , 4 to 5 feet. 5s. each, 60s. per dozen.
* CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 feet, 6s. per dozen, 45s.
per ICO.
YEWS, English, zj^ to 3 feet, 12s. per dozen, 751. per 100.
■ > ti 3 to 4 feet, iSj. per drzen, 130s. per 100.
LAURELS. Common, 2 to -zYz Ceet, 4s. per doz. , 25s. per 100.
* „ CAUCASICUM, 2 t02j4ff,,6s. per doz., 40s. per ico.
II tt 3 to 3J^ feet, I2S. per dozen, 75s. per 100.
* „ LATI FOLIA, new, i to ij< ft, 9s. per doz ,45s per 103,
* ., „ „ 2 to zYz feet, 15s. per dozen, loos. per 100.
FIRS, Spruce. 4 to 5 feet, 12s. per dozen, Soi". per 100.
* PINU3 AUSTKIACA, 2 to -zM fc, 9s. per dcz., 60s. per 100.
* .» t» 3 to 3.''3 f^^^t, I2S per dozen, 90s. per 100.
* t> .. 3/^ *o 4 f^s^t, i8s. per dozen, 120s. per 100.
* THUJA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet, 2 feet through, 24s. per dozen.
ASH, Mountain, lo to 12 feet, 18s. per dozen.
BIRCH, silver baiked, 10 to 12 feet, 18s. to 24s. per dozen.
* BEECH. English, 7 to 8 feet, i8s. per dozen.
ELMS, Wych, 10 to 12 feet, iZs. per dozen.
LIM ES, best red-twigged, 10 to 12 feet, iSs. to 24s. per dcz,
POPLAR, silver leaf, 10 lo 12 feet, iSs. to 24s. per dozen.
SYRINGA GRANDIFLORA, 6 to 8 feet, 18s. per dozen.
THORNS. Paul's Double Crimson, 8 feet, i8s. per dozen.
ROSES, Standard.';, all best varieties, 15S.J 18s , 21s. per doz.
,, Half-standards, 9s., \is., 15s, per dozen.
,, TEAS, Half-standards, best varieties, 24s. per dozen.
Marked thus (') were all transplanted Spring, 1883. Most of
the others, Spring, 1882.
The above prices are for all well-grown Specimen Plants,
The largest all securely packed and put on London and North-
western or Great Western Stations at Leamington, which have
through communication to all parts of the Kingdom.
FREDERICK PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street,
Leamington.
PAUL &, SON'S CHESHUNT ROSES.
PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES. CHESHUNT,
RESPECTFULLY INVITE EARLY ORDERS FOR
STANDARD, HALF-STANDARD, AND DWARF ROSES,
SELECTED FROM THE
Finest Stock ever held by any English Rose-grower.
The Cheshunt Roses have, during the past season, obtained more First Prizes than any other
House — showing the Firm maintains the reputation they have enjoyed for so many years.
An Inspection of the Stock and Personal Selection of the Plants is invited. Descriptive
CATALOGUES Post-free on application.
Prices of Selected Plants for Autumn, 1883:—
STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS
„ „ New and Scarce Sorts, including Teas
DWARF STANDARDS
DWARFS, on Manetti ) older sorts
„ on Brier J „
„ „ newer sorts
„ Teas, all on Brier
IS. to 24.!. per dozen ; £^% os. per loo
30J-.
15 J.
9.5. to 12^-.
I2J-.
15J. to 30s.
i^s. to i8j.
jTio o.r.
£6 OS.
£3 lo-f-
£4 o.f.
£6 OS.
Please Address, without Christian Name or Initial —
PAUL & SON, The Old Nurseries, CHESHUNT, HERTS.
— ... " . __ .„■''' — . — ti
THURSDAY NEXT.
VANDA SANDERIANA.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
October 25, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. HUGH Low & Co.,
A grand lot of VANDA SANDERIANA, of various sizes,
amongst them a marvellous established specimen, with five growths and forty leaves, measuring
over 3 feet across, specially remarkable by reason of its unusually vigorous habit and broad leaves.
Every one of the plants offered has sound healthy roots made in this country, and leaves which
would not be easily surpassed in Established Collections. At the same time will be offered
Established Plants of VANDA CCERULEA, in flower.
On view ?noming of Sale, and Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38. KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
THURSDAY NEXT.
CATTLBYA MENDELII.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION,
at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
October 25, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., splendid
Imported Specimens, specially selected, of
CATTLEYA MENDELII,
amongst them some received from Mr. G. T. White, collected in the same locality where Mr.
Blunt found the only plant yet known of CATTLEYA BLUNTII, the grand white form of
Cattleya Mendelii, formerly in the collection of John Day, Esq.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C
October 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
491
The Best
Bulbs.
Y\rEBBS'
COLLECTIONS of
SUPERB TULIPS
I03 in 10
4 varieties— SINGLE .. .. .. 19
5 >. I. 3 (^
5 ,, „ .. .. ..60
o ,, „ . . . . ..70
„ 12 6
o ,, „ 15 o
4 vai it ties— DOUBLE .. -. 19
5 -. .. 36
S M ,. 60
0 ,, ,, . . . . ..70
o ,, ,, . . . . .. 12 o
:o „ „ 14 o
From Mr. W. S. Warden, Head Gardener to
Lord Say and Scale : —
" The Bulbs we have had for use here have given
every satisfaction. I think the Hyacinths were the
best I have ever seen."
^EBBS'.21S:Box
Of BULBS for
OUTDOOR CULTIVATION
73 Anemones, dble.. mixed
25 „ single, mixed
200 Ciocu';, choice vars.
1 Crown Imperial
55 Hyacinths, mixed
25 Iris, Spanish, mixed
12 Jonquils, Campevnelle
I Lilium candidum
12 Narcissus, double white
25 ,, Poeiicus
25 „ Van Sioii
EcT 680 Bulbs in all.
6 Polyanthus Narcissus
50 Ranunculus, tiblc. mixed
25 ,, Turban, scarlet
100 Snowdrops, double and
single
12 Tulips, Due van Thol
12 ,, early double mixed
6 ,, La Candeur, cble.
6 ,, Parrot, fine, mixed
12 ,, single mixed
75 Winter Aconites
Carriage Free for 203.,
if Cash is sent with Order.
Webbs' Autumn Catalogue,
GRATIS and POST-FREE.
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.
Flower
Roots
FOR
PRESENT PLANTING,
c 0 oooooo-o ay
SUTTON & SONS
RECOMMEND
THAT ORDERS FOR
THEIR
HHOICE "PLOWEE
SOOTS
SHOULD BE SENT
AT ONCE,
TO SECURE
THE
FINEST BULBS.
20s. Value Carriage Free.
5 per Cent Discount for Cash.
PRICED DESCRIPTIVE LIST
POST FREE.
THE
QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
READING, BERKS.
r'-'-^T''H
'm'2
,1
THE
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1883.
TREES AS ARTISTS' MODELS.
THE n.ivc of the cathedral at Worcester
oflers a fine illustration of the possible origin
of the earliest models of architects. The columns
that support the roof, with the arches that spring
from them, and the ribs and the crossing stones
are beautiful imitations of the trunk, boughs,
and loliage of the Sweet Chestnut. Only a tree
could have suggested this natural and noble
form of architecture, these vaulted arches
springing from their supporting columns pre-
cisely as boughs spring from their trunk, or
lesser stems from the main bough. It is said
that the power of pleasing is natural to certain
shapes, and colours, and sounds, and that it is
not a quality derived from mere habit or asso-
ciation. We are habituated to the blue sky,
yet we never tire of it ; blue remains for us as
ijeautiful as ever. The powers of association
and beauty, as some have argued, are distinct
forces which may act together, or may, on the
contrary, neutralise one another, and accordingly
the charm of association may enhance, or it may
overpower, that of beauty. " You love many
things," says the metaphysician, " because you
are accustomed to them ; and are pained by
many things because they are strange to you ;
but that does not make the accustomed sight
more beautiful, or the strange one less so."
The charm was there, he insists, before we
discovered it— that is, beauty is inherent in
some things. It is certainly a pleasing thing
that certain natural objects, and especially
trees and flowers, are endowed with beauty
which can never weary us, their beauty de-
pending on their perfect forms. In the
case of plants each leaf of those we most
admire terminates in the form of a pointed
arch, vegetation offering very few examples
of square leaves. It was perhaps a special
adaptation which removed the point of the
leaf of the Tulip tree, and gave it a form which
is less beautiful and perfect than that of other
leaves, though not unwelcome as a novelty.
The true artist, especially if he be a landscape
gardener, does not forget that, however much
custom may deaden our perceptions in some
cases, and reconcile us to the ugliness of squares
and straight lines, Nature herself has laid down
the laws of beauty. Square leaves are violations
of her laws of growth ; the pointed form is the
type of beauty because it is the strongest— the
square head, in building, being both weak and
u^ly. Those at any rate are the views of certain
metaphysicians, and there may be something in
these sayings, besides the expression of mere
lop-sided hypothesis, and the stringing together
of words and sentences. At any rate these
ratiocinations all redound to the honour and
glory of the art to which these columns are
specially dedicated. Whether beauty is inherent
in plants or not— and some plants might be
named, perhaps, in which it is non-existent — it
cannot be doubted that the earliest architecture
was copied from the living models that have
been mentioned. The leaves of the Acanthus,
492
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 1S83.
Branca ursina, were imitated in decorating
the capitals of Corinthian columns, and
in the Grecian Doric, the earUest and
simplest form of columnar architecture, the
column represents the trunk of a tree, and it
may be added that its proportions frequently
resemble those of that other beautiful column —
the body of a man. A well-proportioned column
of this last-named kind measures six times the
length of the foot, hence the Doric columns
were made six diameters in height. On this
idea the Greeks composed temples which other
artists have never surpassed for their harmony,
simplicity, and boldness.
Having measured many admirable specimens
of trees in all parts of Great Britain, from
John o' Groat's, where fine timber does not
abound, to the sheltered coast of Devonshire,
where it flourishes close to the sea, we have
been interested in measuring, for the sake of
comparison, the beautiful columns at Worcester.
Girth 20 feet ! The Chestnut avenues at
Cowdray or Bretby boast of trees 20 feet in
girth, the biggest of them, and they are about
18 feet high to the crown, e.xactly the same as
the height of the columns at Worcester from the
base to the point where the arches spring.
The other measurements correspond with the
same precision, the Chestnuts having several
principal branches, which break up into smaller
limbs at about 16 feet, carrying a head which
reaches about 74 feet in height from the ground,
while the arches of the columns, the " main
limbs " as we might say, extend 16 feet from the
crown or top of the column to the " centre " of
the arch, the total height to the ceiling being as
nearly as possible 74 feet. In looking up the
architectural avenue from the western towards
the eastern end its resemblance to a Chestnut
avenue is perfect. There are the same
clustered columns, the springing limbs and the
canopy above high-reaching to the ceiling, with
the sun entering the small windows of the aisle
and glinting among the leaves, or traceiy which
may pass for leaves, rendering the illusion per-
fect.
Though it be the work only of human hands
the best architecture borrows its beauty from
its close resemblance to God's own work as dis-
played in a tree. The tree planter who selects
a proper soil, a good warm hazel loam, may
hand down to posterity Sweet Chestnuts
18 feet in the trunk with a noble canopy
of tufted foliage above. And if he wishes
for an avenue of such trees he cannot do
better than imitate the distances from
column to column in the nave at Worcester,
placing the rows and plants exactly as the
columns stand, so that the branches of the
growing trees shall meet together between the
rows — meet and not interlace — and just suffi-
ciently intertwine to form a covered way roofed
in by spray and foliage.
If he measures across the nave from centre
to centre of the opposite columns, he will find
the distance 42 feet, and that should be the
width of his avenue. With regard to the
distance apart in the rows, he should follow
the same rule, and set his trees 21 feet from
tree to tree, which corresponds with the
distance apart of the columns in that direction,
from centre to centre. If he wishes for a
double avenue he should measure the width of
the aisles, that is, the distance from the columns
to the outer walls— 22 feet, which will instruct
him m planting his outer rows. The distances
need not be altered an inch. H. E.
t
A Pretty Combination. — This was as simple
as it was effective. Two or three plants of Tro-
pjeolum peregrinum planted at the base of a single
pink Dahlia had grown up in among the branches,
and so formed a dense bush, the leaves and flowers of
the Dahlia showing through the wreaths of yellow
flowers of the Tropi^olum. It made a charming floral
picture. Some of the choice varieties of Convolvulus
major, Sweet Peas, and other plants of a clinging
habit can be used in this way, or to furnish the naked
stems of standard trees, with great advantage.
A NEW HYBRID HEDVCHIUM.
Through Sir Joseph Hooker we have received a
specimen o( a very handsome Hedychium, said to be
of hybrid origin and to have been raised in the Edin-
burgh Botanic Garden. Professor Dickson, who sent it
to Sir Joseph, writes that it was raised in the Botanic
Garden, in 1879 or 18S0, from seeds of H. Gardneri-
anum, which had been fertilised by pollen of H.
angustifolium, taken Irom a plant growing in his
greenhouse at Ilaitree. *' The result," he goes on to
say, "is somewhat remarkable. In almost all
respects it takes after the male parent, in the leaves
and in the shape of the individual flowers ; but it re-
sembles the female parent in the general character of
the inflorescence, the flowers being closely set, quite
unlike the sparse arrangement of the flowers in H.
angustifolium. The colour of the flowers is perhaps
somewhat paler than that of those of H. angustifolium.
Altogether the hybrid is an improvement on both
parents — the colour being better than that of H.
Gardnerianum, and the inflorescence better than that
of H. angustifolium."
We quite agree with Dr. Dickson that this hybrid
is far superior to the ordinary H. angustifolium ; and
if it prove as hardy as H. Gardnerianum it will be a
valuable acquisition. The flower-spike, though not
so large as that of a vigorous H. Gardnerianum, is
large enough— the one sent being 9 inches long — and
it is very compact ; and the colour of the flowers is a
rich, soft, shining, somewhat pale scarlet, the orange
element being slight.
Regarding its parentage, we should have said, had
the female parent been H. angustifolium, that it was
no hybrid, but a fine form of that species. Sir Joseph
Hooker remarked that he had not seen H, angusti-
folium for many years, but his impression was
that the present plant was very much like what
he had met with in India and taken for that
species ; and on looking over the large collec-
tion of drawings of Hedychiums at Kew, we found
almost an exact counterpart of the hybrid in a draw-
ing made in India by Sir Joseph himself, and pro-
visionally named H. angustifolium. We had not
time for a critical examination of the numerous
drawings and dried specimens of this beautiful genus ;
but we were struck with the great similarity of many
of the forms which have been given the rank of
species, colour being in many instances the only
evident difference. On the other hand, among the
specimens and pictures named H. angustifolium there
are considerable deviations in the width of the leaves,
in the size of the flower-spikes, and in the shades of
colour in the flowers. In the majority of specimens
the leaves are much narrower than those of Dr. Dick-
son's plant, and the flower-spike scarcely half so large.
The three upper leaves in the specimen sent are from
15 to 18 inches long, and 2^ inches across in the
widest part. If there has been no mistake respecting
the origin of Dr. Dickson's plant the result, as a seed-
ling of H. Gardnerianum, is very surprising and
interesting. Whatever its real origin it is a very
showy and striking variety. W^e may mention that
pure seedlings of li. Gardnerianum present consider-
able variety in the foliage and colour of the flowers,
two rarely being found exactly alike.
DENDROBIUM POLYCAKPUM, 71. sp.'^
A new Dendrobe of the afBnity of Dendrobium
Miibelianum, Gaud, and Rimanni, Rchb. f., intro-
duced by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons from the Sondaic
area, no doubt, it having been sent by Mr. Curtis.
The stems are said to attain 3 feet in length. They
are as thick as a swan's quill, and shining like a
Bamboo. As to the leaves I have nothing to say.
The flowers stand in lax racemes. They are yellow-
ish, with purple-red borders to the side lacinice. The
trifid lip has somewhat round angulate side lacinire, and
* Dendrobiu7n polycarpunt^ n. sp. — Affioe Dendrobio Mir-
beliano. Gaud, et Rimanni, Rchb. f. Cauietereiiusculo valido
elongato vernixio ; foHis adhuc incognitls ; racemis pluri-
fljris, mento acutangulo ; sepalis ligulato triangulis ; tepalis
ligulato 5-patulatis longiocibus ; labello trifido, laciniis lateraii-
bus semiovatis antice angulatis, lacinia mediana oblongo-
triaiigula acuta isihmo subnullo a laciniis lateralibus separata,
carinis quinis parallelis longitudinalibus, venis laciniarium
laterallum ramentaceo carinatis, carinulis aliis libns spissis ;
androcUnio paucidentato. — Ex insulis Sondaiis importaverunt cl.
Veitch. H. G. Rchb, f.
a rounded triangular undulate central lacinia. There
are five parallel appressed keels, which disappear in
the centre of the mid lacinia. The lateral veins of
the side lacinige, spreading at a right angle and much
branched near the margin, are covered with ramenta-
ceous keels, and little keels occur even free between
ihem. There is scarcely any interspace between the
bases of the mid lacinia and the anterior parts of the
tide lacinite. Mr. Harry Veitch informs me this plant
has a wonderful tendency towards self-fertilising, and
thus I have before me seven sterile and twelve fertile
flowers. In a short time Mr. Seden might produce
home-grown thousands of the plant for amateurs of
Dendrobes. //. G, Rchb. f.
CyPRIPEDIUM tessellatum porphyreum, Rchb,f t
Card. Chron. 18S1, January 8, p. 41.
If I ever saw an Orchid improved, it is this. I
have before me an inflorescence of three flowers,
each twice as large as the typical flower, kept and
signed in my herbarium. It appears the hybrids
develope better and quicker than the species, perhaps
because they do better in our stoves, having originated
there, and no tropical impressions having ever been
experienced by their mother plants. It came, cf
course, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons,
Cattleya Brvmeriana, n. sp. (?), scjt hyhr. (?)
This is a fine novelty. My materials are some
wild-grown, ill-dried flowers, a description prepared
by its lucky discoverer, Mr. White, and now a couple
of fine fresh flowers, for all of which I have to thank
Mr. H. Low, my oldest English correspondent.
I know nothing about the occurrence of the plant,
whether a large supply came, or whether it is one of
those isolated plants which form a section apart from
those species which appear regularly and in masses.
The dedication is made to W. E. Brymer, Esq.,
M.P., Ilsington House, Dorchester.
The plant itself is described by Mr. White to be
like a short-bulbed Laelia elegans.
My two flowers are exceedingly beautiful. Sepals
and petals rosy-purple, much like those of an extra
good Cattleya Walkeriana. The lip is unusually
broad, side lacinise blunt-angled, mid lacinia project-
ing, obcordate. The mid-area from the base of the
lip to the base of the anterior lacinia is fine orange,
a broad line going out in a toothed hemicycUcal disc
in the base of the lacinia. The margins of the side
lacinise and of the mid lacinia before the orange area
are of the warmest purple-mauve, making one think
of Cattleya superba. The parts of the side lacinise
between the edges and the orange lines rosy, fading
inwards into white. When the flowers were quite
fresh I saw some fine purple stripes outside on the
side lacinia, which later appeared light purple.
The column is white, and has the energetic retuse
apiculus of Cattleya Eldorado. H. G. Rchb. f.
PYRUS PINNATIFIDA.*
It will be seen from the synonymy cited below that
considerable doubts exist as to the exact nature of this
tree as a wild species. By some it has been con-
sidered as a hybrid between the White Beam, P.
Aria, and the Mountain Ash, P. aucuparia, but there
is no certain evidence as to this, nor can we be quite
sure that this is the form reported to grow wild in
Arran, and nowhere else in Britain. In any case in
gardens it is prttty generally known under the name
here adopted, and is a tree of moderate height, with
oblong leaves pinnately cut, especially towards the
base, and with the lower surface covered with hoary
down. The white flowers are borne in loose corym-
bose clusters, and are succeeded by scarlet fruits, as
represented in our figure (fig. 7S, p. 493). As an
ornamental tree it is amply worth growing for the
sake of its foliage and the rich colour of the fruit.
The tree is perfectly hardy, and deserves to be more
widely known.
Buttonholes. — The French papers state that
large use is made of the half expanded buds of Paul
Neyron Rose for this purpose. A box of twenty such
buds recently sold for 15 fr.
* P.phtnati/ida, Ehr., Smith, Etigl, Bat., X. 2331 ; De Can-
dolle's Prodromus, ii., p. 263. Surbus hybrida, Linn., ex-
Loudon, Arbnretutn, ii., p. 915. Pyrus fennica, Bab. Surbus
fennica, Kalm, ex Syme. Morbus hybrida. Fries, ex Syme
Crataegus Aria, var. y, Linn., ex Syme. Pyrus Aria, subsp.
fennica. Hook, f., SiudetU's Flora, p. 126.
October 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
493
A BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
GARDEN— XII.
September 17. — That is not to-day ! Time has
since been sliding on faster and further away from
summer into autumn. Yet I have a fancy to marlc the
date of as sweet a September day as ever shone upon
this garden. I believe the people who got the most
enjoyment out of the sunshine of that marvellous day
were the butterflies. There was a real butterfly's
ball held in the long border of single Dahlias. An
hour before noon the flowers, beautiful in all the
brilliance of their rainbow dyes, were visited by a
dancing throng of Atalanta butterflies. Yellow, red,
orange, lilac, white — every flower, had its Atalanta or
(Euchloc cardamines) were unusually plentiful in the
spring, as were also the white Cabbage-butterflies
throughout the summer. .So much fair weather required
a good supply, since two white butterflies in the morn-
ing are the sure sign of a fine day — and they had
always to be about in pairs. Often, a large brimstone
has floated calmly by. The Chalkhill blue (I'oly-
ommatus Corydon), however, for many past seasons
noted as appearing about the Yew hedges in
March, has failed us this year ; there have been
no Humming-bird Sphinxes, and the far-scented
auratum Lilies, where often on warm evenings I
have sought great Ilawkmoths, seem to have attracted
nothing but scores of very inferior looking Gammas,
It is an intense pleasure to w.itch these various, most
beautiful beings in all the freedom of their wild garden
Fig. 78.— pvrus pinnatifida : berries scarlet, (see p. 492.)
two. They were the finest butterflies of the kind 1
ever saw. Strong on the wing, and faultless in the
perfection of their white-edged, black velvet and
scarlet suits, they were the very embodiment of
joyousness. Not a jot did they care, in their pride
and joy of life, though a hundred deaths sur-
rounded them. They knew nothing at all about
that indeed. Life in the balmy air with the sun-
shine and the flowers was all in all to them. A
few rather shabby Gamma moths, and hosts of humble-
bees combining business with amusement, mixed in
with the butterflies. By noon the whole gay com-
pany dispersed. Later in the day I found those fickle
Atalantas again, disporting themselves upon some
yellow everlaFtings, in another part of the garden.
Butterfly life varies with us year by year, but I never
saw so many Atalantas. This summer we have seen
but few Peacocks or Tortoiseshells. Orange-tips
life. No inducement would to me seem powerful
enough— now that the barbarity of youth is past — to
cause their capture and death were they never so rare
as specimens.
And now the rain and the falling leaves recall but
too vividly the true date (Sept. 28), reminding me
that I have to tell of the garden's autumnal desolation,
yet if the days would only keep fair and bright, enough
still is left there to make one happy. The single
Dahlias, which began to bloom rather late with us,
have won their way quite since last I wrote. They
are alone sufficient to light up half the garden. Our
chief border of them is made up of seedlings, an
exquisite variety of colours, in which mauve or rosy-
lilac (a seedling from Mauve Queen) comes least
often, and a yellow with reddened or burnt-sienna
tipped petals is the loveliest. Named varieties are
with the Sunflowers in the opposite border. White
Queen I like the best— such large pure flowers. A
White Queen with an Atalanta butterfly settling on
it is a perfect little bit of contrasted colour. I am
schooling myself to say Dah-lia, but habit is strong,
and Daylia will persist in coming out I In Curtis'
Botanical Magazine of 1803, vol. xix., p. 762,
" Dahlia coccine.i, scarlet flowered Dahlia," is figured.
There is a note — " So named in honour of
Andrew Dahl, a Swedish botanist ... not to be
confounded with Dalea, a plant named after Dale,
the friend of Ray." The pronunciation settled, the
Magazine goes on to say the Dahlia is "a native of
South America, and may be considered as a hardy
greenhouse herbaceous perennial." These beautiful
flowers are especially valuable since rain has no effect
on them, though winds so easily break the brittle
stems. The double Dahlia is unknown in our garden :
it has never been admitted. Fine as it certainly is in
form and colour the dislike seems unreasonable,
yet through some far-off association, I can never
disconnect the double Dahlia from a sort of
mixture of earwigs and penwipers. The clumps of
Japanese Anemones, both white and rosy-grey, are,
as always, full of an unfailing charm. We try to
prolong their existence by snipping off the round seed-
heads as they appear. One might as easily make ropes
of sand. The same service done to Dahlias is, how-
ever, just within human possibility. The dark red-
mauve variety, now that the plants are grown to some
size, shows an individuality which gives it greatvalue in
the autumn borders. The irregularly-shaped flowers,
whose narrow petals manifest an inclination to double,
last longer than those of the other two kinds. Rain
and wind have, for the moment, destroyed the beauty
of Salvia patens ; it will bloom out again after a while.
The rich blue of this Salvia goes well with white
Anemones when mixed in the flower-glasses. As for
cut flowers, they are at most only a doubtful pleasure.
I gather them with a pang, and would rather enjoy
them blooming their full time out in the garden.
And yet what other ornament is there— even of finest
porcelain— to compare at all with glasses of freshly
cut flowers ? Nor are rich pictures, nor satins of Italy,
sufficient without flowers to make your room look bright
and habitable. Even that best decoration— walls
well lined with books— is the better for a few flowers
on the table. So that I am not prepared to go so far
the other way as the old lady who never allowed one
flower in her garden to be cut, and filled her glasses
with artificial Roses ! Sunflowers are sprouting
round their strong straight stems, and surrounded
thus by constellations of smaller suns, are, perhaps,
even handsomer than before. There are two curiosities
of Sunflower at this moment — curious both as demon-
strating a resolve to exist and flower under any circum-
stances whatever. One is a large thick-stemmed plant,
which must have met with some violent discourage-
ment ; it lies curled round flat on the earth, looking
almost like a poor starved cat with a large head, for,
though quite overgrown with summer Phloxes and
Roses, &c., it has one large flower at the end of
the stalk trying to look up, while two or three of
smaller sire along the stalk do the same. In con-
trast to the deformity below it, a miniature Sunflower,
slenderly graceful, with blossom no larger than a
florin, springs out of the mortar between two bricks
high up on the wall. There is no visible crevice, but
some tiny nail-hole there must be in which somehow
a seed had lodged.
Though many borders have now begun to look for-
lorn, we feel the garden has done well. It is still
quite full of flowers ; in some parts gay even, as it
could never have been with the dulness of the most
brilliant "bedding out." The square beds in the
entrance court are bright with Nicotiana, scarlet Pe-
largoniums, Zinnias, and blue Lobelias. The pink
China Roses, once intended for these beds, could not
be had from the nurseries where we sought them.
There is no demand now, it seems, for so simple a
flower ! Torch plants (Tritoma) are alight in all the
edges of distant shrubberies. There are Japan Ane-
mones and CEnothera everywhere. The Sweet Pea
hedge by the tennis-court is out again in bloom. Mari-
golds, like CEnotheras, take care of themselves. They
keep going off and coming on again, shining out in
the dark where least expected. Our Marigolds are the
deepest orange-gold. The seed was brought five
years ago from Cannes, where their colour is always
so splendid. They incline to turn pale with us, so
we have to weed out pale faces in order to keep the
stock black-eyed and fiery. Golden Rod is not very
showy, but it is plentiful and useful, and I like it for
494
THE
GARDENRRS' CHRONICLE.
October 20, 1883.
tlie sa'ce of old retncmhrancp. Eighty years ago, as I
have oflen heard, ihe gaidjns at Hampton Court
khew no other H )wers at all. The great square
beds along the broad walk were simply filled »'ith
Golden Rod. Those must have been happier days, at
Hampton Court, before carpet bedding was known—
when the old Yews were in all their beauty, and the
fountain sent up its single lofty jet, and children
played upon the mimic harp wrought in the beautiful
iron gate of the Pavilion Walk, or peeped through
the bars at the browsing deer.
Amongst what may be called the ruck of flowers,
Ihrjunhout the garden, are deep crimson Snapdragon,
Zinnias, of all shades of colour ; Verbenas, pink, while,
red, striped and purple ; low Phloxes, more beauti-
ful than they ever were in the bed by the south wall ;
flesh-coloured and crimson — Musk — Michaelmas
Dai;>ies Cuphea platycentra, Mignonette, Lobelias,
blue, and bronze-leaved scarlet ; lilac and white and
pink everlastings, white Marguerites, and red Pyre-
thrums, Princes' Feather, yellow Heartsease, and
Mrs. Sinkins Pink, in a grand dash of second bloom —
an endless variety, all making the effort to put forth
the'r best, now the last times draw so near. We
might gather armfuls of flowers, and fill the house
with them, were we so minded, and yet hardly miss
them from the garden. And yet, has it not been
said, " Bright tints that shine, are but a sign, that
summer's past." And full well I know the garden's
dear delights are even now growing towards the end.
Roses, it need scarcely be said, abound, even Charles
Lawson is, at least in one instance, bright with a
second bloom. A few Damask Roses are coming out
by mistake. They look very strange, putting one in
mind of a long forgotten Rose, the Rose des Quatre
Saisons. I see it clearly now, as I knew it in other
days— pink all over with its October blossomings — in
a garden whose loveliness lives only in the past ;
"Quarter Sessions Rose," the ancient guardian of
the place used not unnaturally to say ! Shall I try to
paint that garden ? for surely none such exist any
more. It was like Shelley's poem of the Sensitive
Plant, full of the poetry of trees and grass and flowers.
A nearly level space cut in the depths of a hanging
wood ; no enclosing boundary to be seen, save here
and there between the Rhododendrons hints of a
mossy low stone wall ; or the Sweet Brier hedge at
one end, fencing off a stretch of cedarn turf. On
the upper edge of the gently sloping lawn, sloping to
the south, a grand old Beech tree with silvered bole
caught the rays of the morning sun. There was a
giant Larch, all bearded with long grey lichens ; a
Tulip tree, and a standard Magnolia. Here also on
this upper side was the orangery ; up its columns were
twined trumpet Honey-suckles and Passion-flowers.
In front, a sunny plot — oblong beds, with narrow
walks between — was devoted to Carnations, Ranun-
culus, and many choicest favourites. A serpen-
tine walk wound round the lawn, and upon the
smooth grass were bed; full of lovely old-fashioned
flowers. Large tree Roses, yellow Briers, and
Scotch Roses (white and red), and Queen of Sweden —
and tail poles covered with climbing Roses, looFe
petaled and cherry coloured ; Noisettes and Sou-
venir de Malmaison, 'grew also on the turf, with
arches of Honeysuckle, and thickets of incense-
breathing spice plants. On the lower, shady side,
the walk wound on between bosquets of Kalmia and
Azalea. Here also great heaped-up limestone rock
formed a sort of natural wall between the garden and
the wood. Every cranny was filled with rare and
delicate Ferns and all shade-loving alpine plants,
while double white and blue Periwinkles streamed
down everywhere. A'pine Roses, too, flQuri.^hed
here luxuriantly. At one corner, a vista was cut
through the trees, so that, over the Rhododen-
drons, here kept quite low, one looked through
a frame of Beeches far away across the wide
sunlit valley, across the corn and pastures, hedge-
rows, coppice, and farm roofs, to the long range of
wooded hills, and the grey tower cresting the
distant headland. A little wire gate, hid behind
the rocks, gave access to the garden from
the house by a narrow pathway in the wood. I
never knew the garden in its prime. When I
remember it the sweetest flowers grew amid long
weeds and grasses, and it had all the wild grace of a
deserted garden ; for those who loved it were gone,
and the old gardener could scarce hobble round to
tend his " Quarter Sessions " Roses ; and now he, too,
is long dead, and the place is — modernised.
The " Fanlaisie " hss teen in 'jnrreq'aen'cd ?p5t of
late. It is a wilderness of flower and seeding plants,
rather damp and overgrown. " The Forest " will have
to be remodelled, and we contemplate an annexe on the
north side. Such rapid growth is made that soon the
character of both garden and "Fantaisie" must
wholly change. The larger trees are fast losing that
look of smiling youth which so enchants us in young
newly planted wood. Each little tree is growing tall,
and each begins to spread itself in uncompromising
isolation. Evergreens encroach more and more upon
the borders, crowding out the flow'ers, and crowding
each other, so as to render necessary many a painful
sacrifice. Twelve months ago signs of the coming
change were hardly visible. Since regret is unavail-
ing, new plans must be laid to draw new pleasures
from the inevitable. I note with some pride that the
experiment of beheading Cryptomeria elegans succeeds
so far that in every instance the trees bush out
healthily, instead of running up into brown ragged-
ness. As I write, near the library window, a dim
glory seems to be stealing round. The light from a
stormy sunset has fired the Virginian Creeper, and the
Apples on a large old tree beyond the stone ball at
the corner of the wall. The leaves glow blood-red,
and the fruit shines like molten ore. The tree is
decaying with a huge brown fungus feeding on its
heart. It is so old that a Virginian Creeper was
planted to grow up the gaunt trunk, and Mistleto is
let to flourish over all the branches as it lists. Yet
in a good Apple year like this the fruit clusters
from the top of the tree down almost to the ground.
And growing on its green lawn thus, one dreams a
passing dream of the Apples of the Hesperides — and
the red Virginian climber is the great fiery scaled
drngon gliding up through the leaves to gaze with dull
eye seawards. But there are no maidens dancing in
a ring, and I have just seen three hungry thrushes
attack the Apples unforbidden.
Nothing is so uncertain as Pears. There has been
a first-rate lot on a young Flemish Beaut)', growing
against the gardener's cottage. They have been
gathered earlier than usual, which may be the reason
they surpass in flavour and juiciness those of last year.
Williams' Bon Chretien, always good, is this year
somewhat impaired in outward appearance by black
dots all over the fruit. Can these dots be caused by
the age of the trees ? In one half of the Vine-houses
long bunches of while Muscats are hanging still.
They are crisp and finely flavoured and show well
against a purple background of Madresfield Court.
Next season we hope for a crop of Frontignacs from
a few new ones put in to satisfy the wish for old-
fashioned, thin-skinned Grapes. Round the windows
the Vine wreaths are already yellowing and green
bunches ripening fast. These are unusually sweet for
outdoor Grapes and have yielded a fair wine in their
time. Green Apples (Reinette du Canada) in the
walled garden, are nearly as beautiful as the trees of
Blenheim Orange, which are reddening in the orchard.
Very pleasant and Arcadian in the mellow autumn
sunshine are these days of Apple gathering ! There
is no undue haste ; the man on the ladder up in the
tree leisurely fills his basket. Baskets half full of
fruit stand near upon the leaf-strewn grass. Children
are sure to gather round, and there is an odour of ripe
Apples upon the air. After an indecision of some
years' duration my bill of fare for September in
Arcadia is at last arranged ! Grapes and Pears to
look at. Nectarines and the "curious Peach" to
smell. Figs to feed on in the morning. Golden Drop
Plums all d^y long !
But, ah ! there has chanced just now a golden
drop of quite another kind. The last gold sand has
fallen of the last hour of these dear garden days, and
only one more word must now be said — Farewell !
E. r. B.
Kalmia andromedifolia, a pretty useful shrub,
covered with bright rosy-purple blossoms. It will
grow wherever Rhododendrons and the like succeed.
The height when it commences to flower is about a
foot. The plant grows but slowly, eventually reach-
ing a height of about 4 feet. It is well adapted for
forming a small bed for the front lines in Rhododen-
dron beds and for planting on the rockerj-.
OsMANTHUS MYRTiFOLius. — One of the late Mr.
John Veitch's introductions from Japan is a very neat
growing variety of this useful class of evergreen
shrubs, It is equally effective grown as a bush or
pyramid, of woiksd on a moderately tall stcin to form
a standard. It will prove an excellent subject for
winter gardening, for miniature parterres, and as a
" stater " in flower beds in summer arrangements.
Phillykea Vilmoriensis, syn. laurifolia, is
a first-class large-growing evergreen shrub, with large
handsome bright green cheerful-looking leaves, v/hich
deserves to be largely planted, and, being a quick
grower, might often be employed to the exclusion of
the ubiquitous Laurels. It is quite hardy, and will
grow well in almost any sort of soil that will grow
other kinds of shrubs. So distinct is it from other
Phillyreas that at a little distance we took it to be a
Portugal Laurel.
CiSTUS CRISPUS is a charming shrub of about
2 feet in height, belonging to a class of flowering plants
which await a revival, for they are capital things for
sunny borders and the rock garden in open spots.
This species of Cistus has broad salver-like blossoms
of a pretty mauve colour, which, although lasting but
for a short period, and closing in cloudy weather, are
produced in such quick succession that there are
always a good many open on the plant during June
and July,
Andromeda sPECiosA pulverulenta. — This is a
strong-growing shrub for the American bed, or for a
peaty soil. The foliage is small and hard, and some-
what glaucous in hue, so that in masses iit has an
effect that is very striking. Its blossoms are creamy-
white, of the shape of the Lily of the Valley, and
neatly as large as the common Snowdrop, are
arranged on elegant risps of \\ foot in length, giving
the shrub a very handsome appearance during its
flowering period — June and July. It is well adapted
for cutting from for bouquet arrangements for the
house.
THE HANDSWORTH NURSERY.
In the immense stock of Lapagerias grown by
Messrs. Fisher & Sibray there are now several
distinct varieties. Amongst these is one with large,
bright red flowers, the petals of which reflex much
more than in the ordinary forms. The white spotting
is pure in colour and well defined. Another form,
which bears unusually large flowers, is a deep shining
crimson in colour, the whole interior surface of the
petals freckled with small white spots. There is
also a new white, an advance on the old forms — a
profuse bloomer, pure in colour. In addition to these
is one intermediate in colour between the white and
the red varieties, quite distinct from the many un-
decided coloured seedlings that have appeared ; the
ground colour is of the brightest pink, the white
marking distinct. The white variety is now much in
demand here for funeral wreaths, than which nothing
could be better adapted, lasting, as it does, without
water, in a way that few flowers will do ; its purity of
colour and elegant form also especially befit it for
using in this way.
In addition to the ordinary trade stock of Eucharis
amazonica, E. Candida, and E. Sanderiana, there are
quantities of large specimens grown for the produc-
tion of flowers for cutting ; the two latter appear to
be never out of bloom, especially E. Sanderiana,
which, grown as it is here, is all but continuously
flowering, seeding freely, its large pods yielding a
score or more each of its curious seeds, which grow
so freely that the variety cannot fail to become
plentiful. Some of the stock raised from seed
are nearly large enough to bloom. Pancratium
fragrans, which for perfume, pure white colour, and
elegance of form, stands unrivalled as a bouquet
flower, is grown in quantity.
One-half of the roof of a large cool house is covered
with Clematis indivisa, another excellent white flower,
alike beautiful either on the plant or in a cut state.
A large number of the largest examples of green-
house Rhododendrons, comprising the most distinct
varieties, have just been moved into good-sized pots
to be grown on for the International Exhibition, pro-
posed to be held in London in 1SS5 ; these have been
slightly trained by bringing the strongest shoots down
so as to keep the base of the plants furnished, after
which they will be allowed to grow at will. The free
flowering disposition of this section of Rhododendrons jr
cannot fail to bring them into general use lor green- K
houses and conservatories. When the plants have *
attained size, many of the varieties keep on flowering
ai intervalo ihiough the year in a way that few things
do; open fluweri with buds in d ff.-ren' £trge?, and
October 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
495
shoots in course of formalion, may be seen on the
same plants. The most important matter in the
cultivation of these Rhododendrons, is getting the
right sort of stock on which to grow them : without
this they make indilTerent progress.
The forcing varieties of Azalea raised by Mr. Car-
michael are grown in large numbers ; the ease with
which this distinct section of Azaleas can be had in
flower with little forcing, makes Ihcm very useful for
winter blooming. l)aphne indica is made a speclaliiy,
a considerable part of a large house being occupied
by the best lot of this favourite plant that I have seen
for many a day ; two years from grafting, and grown
on fiecly, they have now from three to four shoots
each, from 10 to 12 inches long, the strength of the
plants being evidenced by the number of leaves with
latent buds at their base— a certain indication of
strength in this desirable plant which deserves to be
in every greenhouse in the country.
Orchids, both the warm and the cooler species,
continue to grow freely ; a small low old-fashioned
house here seems to just suit Phalrenopsis — all the
kinds appear alike at home in it ; the different forms
of r. grandiflora, P. amabilis, and.P. Schilleriana, are
in quantity, large and in beautiful condition; the
strongest example of P. Schilleriana has leaves
14 inches long. Not a trace of spot is visible in the
collection. Amongst a number of plants in flower
were several fine forms of Cattleya pumila, and an
e.\cellent variety of C. gigas ; the handsome Miltonia
Rcgnelli purpurea, an exceptionally fine Vanda
insignis, Zygopetalum maxillare, and its variety Z.
Gautieri ; of the last a fine specimen was bearing a
dozen spikes with from six to nine flowers each.
Dendrobiums of the crassinode and Wardianum type
make extraordinary growth, plants of the latter in
small pots having bulbs as much as 4 feet long and
proportionately stout.
The more elegant kinds of fine-leaved plants are
well done, especially such things as the Aralias and
the beautiful Delabechia rupestris, which is quite
equal in appearance to the best of the Aralias, with
this advantage, that it will grow in a lower tempera-
ture. The handsome ornamental-leaved Cossignia
borhonica, scarce on account of the difficulty most
growers find in propagating it, is here increased readily.
Asparagus plumosus scandens is bearing berries,
which, if they turn out fertile, will soon cause this most
elegant plant to become more plentiful. Dipladenia
hybrida was flowering freely on the roof of the stove ;
this is (he most telling in colour of the now numerous
varieties of these beautiful twiners, which, in addition
to the splendid flowers they bear have the further
merit of producing them in continuous succession for
half the year.
Amongst the immense stock of trees and shrubs
which go to fill the 200 acres of ground, or more,
devoted to them, small Conifers and other evergreens,
so much in use for window-boxes and like purposes are
particularly well done. Especialattentionis taken of the
preparation of the liliputian plants, so as to get them
densely furnished from bottom to top; such kinds are
selected as have been found best adapted to the purpose,
and that will bear without injury transferring even in
the growing season from the open ground to pots.
The demand for plants of this description, especially
in the neighbourhood of towns, is continually in-
creasing. Those who are fond of variegated coniferous
trees could not fail to be pleased with the golden
variegated Austrian Pine that has here made its
appearance ; the yellow colouring is decided, and in
such proportion to the green parts of the branches as
to be very effective, T, B.
FLOWERS IN SEASON.
Sedum Telephium Bordieri.— a fine form of
the Telephium section, sent us by Mr. Ware, with
oblong obtuse sinuately-toothed leaves, and rounded
clusters of deep rosy-purplish flowers. One of the
handsomest of its class, and perfectly hardy.
Sedum spectaeile.— One of the very best of the
larger Sedums — a great favourite with bees and but-
terflies, and so hardy that it is a good plant for
towns or in pots for windows. It forces well also,
but there are some varieties darker in colour than
others, and these should be preferred,
Lespedeza eicolor.— Messrs. Veitch send from
Coombe Wood a hardy papilionaceous shrub, loosely
branched, with scattered leaves, each supported by a
long, very slender stalk. The glabrous leaves them-
selves are three-foliolate, the leaflets i by h inch,
oblong, somewhat rounded at both ends, the central
one separated from the two lateral ones by a long
stalklct. The flowers are in long-stalked axillary
racemes, individually small, papilionaceous, rosy-
lilac. The shrub is well deserving of a place against a
wall.
Ceanotiius Marie Simon.— A form with shortly-
stalked, ovatc-aculc, fineIy*toothed leaves, and termi-
nal panicles of very numerous small rosy flowers. It
is one of the most attractive of its class, and well
worth growing a^^ninst a wall where the situation is
otherwise too exposed for its safety.
Androsace lanucinosa. — A lovely little alpine
with procumbent stems, purpli:.h, and covered with
woolly pubescence. The violet-lilac fluwers are in
close heads at the ends of the stalks, and might by a
careless observer he taken for those of an Aubrietia,
but they have a five-Iobed corolla and o'.her marks of
the Primrose family, and none of those of a Crucifer,
As a dwarf rock plant there are few more beautiful
gems than this. Flowering so late in the season as
this gives it an additional value. It was received
from Mr. Ware.
BoussiNGAULTiA EASELLOIDES is Wonderfully fine
now in the Cactus-house of the Cambridge Botanic
Garden, and the long slender sprays of small white
fragrant flowers seem to fall like cascades wherever
they are allowed to grow. These large pendent masses
of white blooms are very handsome. It is not easily
understood why this plant is not more generally recog-
nised as ornamental. The leaves are cordate ovale,
somewhat fleshy. In a pot it grows for years without
flowering, but on planting out it becomes at once
luxuriant in flower and foliage. R, /. Lynch,
FRUIT NOTES.
The Herefordshire Beefing Apple.— This is
one of the many local Apples that have been more
widely introduced into notice by the great collection
at Chiswick. It is not, however, a new variety, but
one that has kept its position in the orchards purely
on its own merits, without any public notice or record.
It is figured in The Herefordshire Pomona (iSSi),
plate XXXV., and in the letterpress it is said :^
'* Nothing is known of the origin of this Apple." Dr.
Hogg first saw it at the Apple show of the Wool-
hope Naturalists' Field Club, held at Hereford in
1S76. It was then named simply Beefing. To dis-
tinguish it from Norfolk Beefing Dr. Hogg
called it the Herefordshire Beefing, a name which
was adopted by the pomological committee of the
Club. Some months afterwards, when referring to
some pomological MSS. which belonged to Forsyth,
the author of a Treatise on Fruit Trees^ Dr. Hogg
found amongst them a record of a collection of fruits
that had been sent to him in the year iSoi by a Mr,
Stroud, from Dorsetshire, and of these one was "the
Hereford Beefing," a flat Apple of brownish-red,
with some yellow on the side from the sun. This
is very different from the Norfolk Beefing, keeps
" till the end of April." It is also added that '* the tree
is very hardy and so prolific that in the miserable
seasons of 1S79 and iSSo the Herefordshire Beefing
trees were conspicuous for their crops of fruits, whilst
all the surrounding trees in the orchard were barren.
It is an excellent culinary Apple, and, like the Norfolk
Beefing, has the very valuable property of drying
well in the oven." //. lu B»
Keeping Apples.— It is not general that Apples
which are kept in fruit-rooms "dry and airy " (as
often recommended) do so well as when they are
stored as Potatos are by many of the large fruit
growers. If they wished to store them in thin layers
with plenty of air they would require a street of
buildings to contain their stock. We have seen in
fruit farmers' storehouses long ridges which kept far
into the season ; the faulty ones were very few.
It is worthy of remark that the greatest importance
should be paid to the keeping of early and late hard
or soft kinds separate. Our best lessons in Apple
keeping were from the barrels of fruit which we have
seen come from America, and left to be used as they
were required, never handling the Apples except
when removing a portion for use. The laying of them
thin on shelves has some advantages ; one can see
the best of the fruit, and pick them out for special
purposes without having to remove the whole stock.
Pears we never (except with a few lots of inferior late
ones) put into heaps for any length of time. This
year, having filled a goodly sized new fruit-room, we
are obliged to pile them up, and then there are many
hundredweights to spare for the various schools of the
district, which (to me) is a rather more pleasant way of
disposing of "surplus stock " than going into com-
petition by marketing with heavily assessed market
growers. It may be well to add, that when the fruit-
room is filled the air should be left on till the moisture
from newly ga'.hercd fruit (sweating) his passed off :
then keep the whole close, dark, and dry. AI.
TcnipU, Stirtin^shire,
Yorkshire Beauty Apple. — Whatever confu-
sion may have arisen with regard to this App'e, no
doubt need exist as to its origin. Yorkshire lleauty
was raised from a pip with two others by a jobbing
gardener named James Elsworth, who resided for
many years within a stone's-throwof the parish church
of Eurneston, about a mile from here, and where, six
years ago, the original tree still stood. It was named
by myself, with two others, Elsworth and Thos.
Simpson, at the house of the last named, who kept
the village inn, and where we often met to discuss the
latest novelty in the plant world, and as often to look
over the fine collection of British plants which
Simpson had. He is now living in the town of
Kipon. I well remember drinking the old man's
(Flsworth's) health, with the remark that Yorkshire
Beauty would be heard of after that night. I put the
first grafts in myself from the original tree about the
year 1S53 or 1854. The Apple was put into com-
merce by my brother-in-law, the late Henry May.
We had it, I think, at the time it was sent to Dr,
Hogg, in whose Fruit Manual the outline was given.
I send this for insertion in justice to the old man, who
has been dead some years, and whose grandson is
now working in my nursery. William Boston^ Manor
Farm Nurseries^ Carthorpc^ Bctiale,
Grape Aeercairney Seedling and OtHERs.
— Whether this excellent Grape is a distinct kind in
the hands of all who have been fortunate enough to
secure it from the original stock, or whether it is
not, I am not prepared to say, but lately I received
a sample from Mr. Brown at Abercairney, and its
excellence is superior to what I had hitherto con-
ceived. It was thin-skinned, juicy, and sugary,
altogether superior to the usual class of late Grapes
we meet with during the autumn months (which are
not fit for use till they have hung well into the
winter months). Soil and general treatment of Grapes
and many other fruits make marvellous changes in
appearance and flavour. Never have we seen this
better exemplified than with Gros Colmar, which
has been fired hard with abundance of air on long
after the fruit had attained a deep black colour, and
left on the Vines till the leaves had fallen. The flavour
compared with examples of the same kinds grown
under different condilions, was very decidedly superior.
The large Vine at Harewood in Yorkshire is pro-
nounced by many to be (he Tokay ; it is certainly
very different from |any Tokay which I have tasted,
and this I told Mr. Fowler when in his vineries
making comparisons ; and subsequently when the
fruit was at its best I had samples kindly sent to me
by Mr. Fowler, and after comparing it with what 'I
considered good Muscats, the alleged Tokay seemed
to be no other than juicy well flavoured Muscat of
Alexandria. An example of another kind is now
before me, regarding flavour, ts:c. Tomatos grown in
our Peach-houses are vastly superior to those grown
in vineries. In the former, light and abundance of
air give the advantage. I\I. Temple, Stirlingshire.
Peach Sea EAOLE.—This, one of the late Mr.
Rivers' varieties, is highly spoken of by Mr. Roberts,
who is growing it at Gunnersbury Park on his late
Peach wall covered with glass, when by reason of the
draught constantly passing through it the Peaches are
later than when growing on a wall. Mr. Roberts
states that it is one of the latest — later even than
Barrington ; that it possesses every good quality ; a
good outdoor Peach, doing as well as the Late
Admirable. It is a variety that should be made a
note of for late work.
Nectarines Humeoldt and Darwin.— These
fine varieties were raised by the late Mr. Thomas
Rivers. The former is a very large variety, obtained
from the Pine-apple, of excellent flavour, and a good
bearer ; ready in September. The latter is an Orange
Nectarine from Rivers' Orange crossed with the Stan-
496
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
'October 20, 18
wick ; handsome in appearance, and rich in flavour.
Both are doing well on the late Peach wall at Gun-
nersbury Park, and are highly spoken of by Mr,
Roberts.
AMERICAN NOTES.
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder. — Without over-
estimate, says an American journal from which we
quote, it may be questioned if there is one man in
America whose life covers so wide a scope and such
varied objects in all of which he is conspicuous as the
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder ; and hardly one could be
found to evoke such an assemblage as that which
greeted his eighty-fifth birthday recently at the Parker
House, Boston. In a life spanning almost the whole
life of the Republic, connecting the days of Wash-
ington with the present, he has been a pioneer
in Boston trade, a promoter of agriculture, horticul-
ture and pomology, as the father of the Massachusetts
Agricultural College and State Board of Agriculture ;
and either the founder or the most active worker in
the United States Agricultural Society, the Massa-
chusetts Horticultural Society, and numerous other
organisations directed to improving the condition of
the community. He is now one of the oldest living
ex-commanders of the Ancient and Honourable Artil-
lery, and ex-President of the Massachusetts Senate.
The banquet tendered to him drew a correspondingly
interesting and varied company. The tables were
decked with rich groupings of flower and fruit, and
each guest was presented with a nosegay of Grace
Wilder Carnation. At the close of the banquet Mr,
Wilder spoke with much feeling in response to the
congratulations given him, and his speech is interest-
ing, not only from itsjpersonal reminiscences, but as a
sketch of the progress that has been effected in one
man's lifetime: —
" Language is too feeble to express the gratitude I feel
for this too generous ovation with which you are crown-
ing this anniversary of my birth. And could I believe
that I was worthy of the praise which you have so kindly
bestowed upon me, I should feel that my mission on
earth was nearly ended, and that I was about ready to
be gathered to my fathers, like a shock of corn, fully ripe
in its season. But no, no ; and although I am some-
what advanced in years, I do not feel that my work is
done ; no, no ; I have something more to do before I go
home for those great interests to which I have given so
much of my life. You have alluded to me and my con-
nection with various institutions and callings, and I thank
you for remembering me as an old merchant of Boston,
for it is from this calling that I have derived the means
to aid these other interests. Yes, I am an old merchant ;
I have been constantly in business for nearly threescore
years in this city, and I beg to assure you, my friends,
that there is no title that I prize more highly than that of
being called an upright, intelligent and enterprising mer-
chant of Boston, It is our good fortune, my friends, to
live in an age of remarkable progress and activity ; in a
nation whose growth, prosperity, and power are the
wonder and admiration of the world. Much of this
progress I have witnessed in my own day. At the time
of my birth the population of this nation was only about
5,000,000 ; now it is more than 50,000,000. When I
came to this city there was not a mile of railroad
on this continent ; now there are 120,000 miles.
Mr. President, you have referred to me in connection
with those great industrial interests on which depend,
more than any other, the prosperity and happiness of the
world. It is true I have done something for these,
believing that I could do nothing better for my fellow
men. At the time ot my birth there were not half a dozen
agricultural, and tor nearly a quarter of a century after-
ward not a horticultural society in our land. Now there
are more than 1500 of these and similar associations
recorded in the Department of Agriculture at Washing-
ton. Then the products of our soil were not deemed
worthy of a place in the statistics of our nation ; now we
produce more than 2,000,000,000 of bushels of grain,
with a constant reserve sufficient to supply the deficiency
of the Old World. When I came to this city no steam-
ship had ever reached our shores, now there is not a day
in the year when many of them do not enter or depart
from our ports. But I need not prolong this strain of
remarks. Suffice it to say that, in science, art, and
civilisation, and everything that pertains to the comfort
and happiness of mankind, the present age is transcend-
ently superior to any that has preceded it. When I
review the past history of our country, and look forward
to its future greatness and glory, my soul yearns for
another fourscore and five years, that I might see its
200,000,000 of happy freemen rejoicing in the blessings
of liberty, peace and union— all united in one great circle
of life and love — one in interest, one in destiny, one in a
glorious Union, never to be broken !"
A TRANSFIXED BULB.
Mr. Evershed has sent us from Messrs. Carter's
nursery a bulb of Nerine sarniensis, grown in a pot
plunged in a cold frame, completely traversed by the
rhizome of Couch-grass — Triticum repens. The sim-
plest explanation of such cases would seem to be,
that the tip of the growing shoot rested on the bulb in
an early stage of its growth, and has become gradu-
ally overgrown by the bulb coats. But this expla-
nation will not suffice in the present case, for the state
of the tissues in the interior shows that the wound is
one that a surgeon would call penetrating, and that
the growing tip of the grass has actually forced its
way through the bulb coats.
Thanks to the labours of Charles Darwin, it is now
well known that the growing ends of shoots of roots,
radicles, and leaves, have a rotary movement, so that
the growing tip not only lengthens but revolves. If
it come in contact with a sufficiently yielding sub-
stance it gradually perforates it much as a gimlet would
do in the case of a board. The nearest roots of the
Couch would serve as the fixed point, and if the bulb
Fig. 79. — POTATO PERFORATED BY GROWING SHOOT OT
COUCH GRASS.
were fixed in its position against a hard mass of soil
or a stone, or, as in this case, against the side
of a pot, the perforation would be so much the
easier. To those conversant with the movements that
take place in growing plants, and the sometimes
immense force exerted in lifting superincumbent
weights, there is nothing very extraordinary in such a
case. As economy of force, however, is a very
general principle in Nature, it is not easy to see why
in these cases what we may term the law of least
trouble (we hope Mr. Herbert Spencer will forgive
us) is not acted on. It would seem easier for the tip
of the root or shoot in such cases to wriggle its way
round the obstruction (as in point of fact it usually
does) rather than to force its way through. We
reproduce from an earlier volume a corresponding
instance in the case of a Potato (fig. 79).
Carbolic Acid and Leaf Fungus. — A com-
mittee appointed in Ceylon for the purpose of in-
specting Mr. Schrottky's experiments on the use of
carbolic acid powder dusted over the leaves of the
infected Coffee trees, has reported unanimously "that
carbolic acid, as hitherto applied, cannot be regarded
as supplying any practical cure for leaf disease." The
full report is given in the Tropical Agriculturist for
June.
ARRANGEMENT TOP PLANTS
IN CONSERVATORIES.
A MORE natural style of placing together the in-
mates of conservatories and other plant structures
is often mooted in gardening journals, and finds
many advocates, for all must admit that the stiff and
methodical way in which beautiful plants are arranged
on tables and stages is not one likely to recom-
mend itself to persons of taste. The more free our
arrangements of these plants which we choose to cul-
tivate in such houses can be made, the more will they
be enjoyed by those for whom primarily they are
grown. We are not advocating the culture of exhibi-
tion plants in this way, although there are some of
them which, when not too stiflly trained, could be
found to work in harmoniously. Its admirers do not
seem to have given the matter proper consideration,
when by natural arrangement they insist on plants being
planted out in beds of suitable soil ; for if Palms,
Tree Ferns, Yuccas, Ficuses, Camellias, Acacias,
Eugenias, Clethras, and many others, greenhouse and
stove, were so planted out, they would soon out-
grow their bounds in houses of the size usually seen,
and suffer from overcrowding with its ordinary results
— the survival of the strongest. A mode that will
be found to yield better results, as I know from expe-
rience, is that in which nearly all the decorative
plants are grown in pots and tubs, which, by the
way, may be manufactured of pleasing forms
and colour. The floor of the conservatory may con-
sist of gravel of moderate fineness above, but
coarse below, and it should be of a kind that
will bind well when rolled or rammed, and then, if
the size of the house admits of it, the direction of the
paths may be varied every season, or oftener if it be
desired, but the best time is when the plants, that
have been standing out-of-doors, or in cooler structures
during the summer months, are brought indoors for
the winter. This will enable the plants to be formed
into various groups of different sizes, and differing
also in their component parts. The pots may be
sunk to their rims, or but half-way, as may be
desirable : and then if the drainage be good, as it
ought to be, the plants will not be subjected to the
drying and fluctuating air and temperature of the
building, and not only will the unsightly pot be got
rid of, but the labour of watering will be reduced.
The foreground of borders and groups may be occupied
by clumps, lines, or other methods of placing
flowering plants of a dwarfer habit than the rest, and
the margins, as well as other parts, be hidden and
defined by Selaginella dentata planted on a thin crust
of rich soil laid on the gravel.
The portion reserved as path may consist of the
same gravel as the rest of the floor, and will need to
be well rammed, and to be kept slightly moist to
prevent the surface getting loose. A movable water
basin may be used, which can be shifted about into
any part of the house, and which can easily be kept
supplied with water by an indiarubber or other pipe.
This may be made to serve a fountain or waterfall.
By making serpentine paths the house maybe made to
appear larger than it really is, and different aspects
can be obtained for plants, as well as more privacy
than one is accustomed to find.
The only plants that would require to be planted
out are the roof and wall creepers, which should have
well-drained, walled-in receptacles made for them,
sufficiently large to grow healthy plants, without
needing annual re-planting or tubbing. The labour
involved in managing these houses is much less than in
those where the plants are placed on staging or tables.
HARDWICK HALL,
The seat of W. C. E. Kynaston, Esq., is situated
in one of the prettiest vales in the county of Salop,
bounded on either side by splendid timber, consisting
chiefly of Oak and Beech, the latter of which attracts
attention as you approach the Hall by their stately
majestic appearance. The Hall itself is a square
block of modern design, and very pleasing to the eye
at a distance. Adjoining the Hall is a large con-
servatory, the walls and roof of which are covered
with Tacsonias, Swainsonias, Passifloras, Lapagerias,
and Cobxa scandens, the most noticeable plants in the
body of the house being fine specimens of Alsophila
australis, Dicksonia antarctica, and Cycas revoluta,
the latter of which has over forty fronds.
Leading from the conservatory through the terrace
October 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
497
garden, which looked very gay, we passedjon through
a grotto clothed with Ferns, Ivy, and the pretty
berried GauUheria shallon, into the Conifer grounds,
where we found several good specimens, including
Sequoia gigantea (70 feet), Araucarias (50 feet),
Abies lasiocarpa, A. grandis, A. Nordmanniana, A.
Pinsapo ; Cedrus Deodara, C. Libani ; Cryptomeria
elegans, Pinus austriaca, and Liriodendron tulipi-
ferum, the latter being very luxuriant, and are dotted
here and there on the park.
Leaving these beautiful Conifers we approach the
rockery, which looks very natural, with its caves and
passages of rock, some of the largest fragments of
which weigh upwards of 9 tons. The difterent
varieties of Ferns seem quite at home, especially
Asplenium trichomanes, A. Ruta-muraria, and Thalic-
trum flavum, which thrives well in the crevices, and
is much prized among cut flowers owing to its lasting
properties, which is a great boon when so many Fern
fronds are required.
The Rose garden is next visited, and, judging by
the appearance of the plants, they have afforded a
good display ; but the flowers at the time of our visit
were mostly over, and the strong shoots breakmg
again to become clothed afresh in the autumn.
The Peach-houses and vineries are in one con-
tinuous range, and the fine crops in each compart-
ment show to advantage the skill and attention they
FOr^ESTf^Y.
The Redwood. — In a series of letters to the North-
western Lumlnrman Mr. G. W. Gray gives some
particulars respecting the Redwood tree (Sequoia
sempervirens), which we reproduce in a condensed
form : —
The Redwood is peculiarly a Californian tree, being
found nowhere except on a small portion of the coast
of this State. The whole belt is confined between the
37th and 43d parallels north latitude, or between
Monterey Bay on the south and Crescent City on the
north, an extent of country about 400 miles long.
The width is irregular, following the conformation of
the mountains, but will average about thirty miles.
Below Monterey Bay there is but little timber of any
kind, while at the northern extremity of the belt the
Redwood gradually disappears, and Pine, Fir, and
Spruce take its place.
The whole belt of Redwood lies upon the western
slope of the coast range. Throughout the section
named the rains are heavy In winter, and fogs, dense
in summer, coming in from the ocean with the wind
very regularly every afternoon, and during the whole
year the climate is mild and even in temperature.
Not that the section named is one vast forest ; these
Fig. 80. — A TRANSFIXED BULB OF NERINE SARNIENSIS. (SEE P. 496.)
have received from the able gardener, Mr. Williams,
who manages the trees so well, and keeps them in
such luxuriant health. In front of this range is a fine
ribbon border some So yards in length, and two
magnificent Aster beds, the latter of which Mr.
Williams manages to perfection, as evidenced by the
number of prizes he has won for the flowers.
In the stove are some good specimen Crotons and
Dracaenas, also a lot of small stuff for furnishing, and
to provide cut blooms. Adjoining the stoves are
some useful pits filled with Melons, Eucharis, Poin-
settias and Euphorbias, all of which looked healthy
and strong.
The kitchen garden is formed into squares, each
being well cropped and very neat in appearance.
Wall-fruit was very thin, but Pears and Apples on
Pyramids are a fair crop. The large beds of Lily-of-
the- Valley and Spircea for forcing shows what may be
done at home to get a plentiful supply of bloom, so
often disappointing with imported stuff. Mr. Wil-
liams grows these under an east wall, in a strong
loam enriched with well-rotted cow-manure. Some
distance from the Hall, on a sheltered slope to the
south, we found a line orchard filled with young
healthy trees, which promise to well repay the outlay
in their planting. Wm. She'ppard, Birkfield Lodge,
Ipiwich,
The Liverpool Horticultural Association
propose to hold an exhibition of Hyacinths and other
spring flowers in March next.
were the original boundaries of the Redwood belt. In
Santa Cruz county there is considerable standing
timber, but north of there until you reach the Russian
River the country has been stripped. Between the
mouth of Russian River and Crescent City the country
is by no means one vast forest. There are large tracts
of fine farming land, extensive sheep and cattle
ranges, as well as large areas that have been denuded
of their native forests.
A careful estimate of standing Redwood places the
amount at about 26,000,000,000 feet ; certainly not a
large supply when it is considered that the present
yearly consumption is not far from 200,000,000 feet,
and the demand each year increasing.
The size of the Redwood tree varies greatly with
the locality. In the southern part of the timber belt,
where the rains and fogs are lighter, the timber will
not average more than 2 or 3 feet in diameter, and
the lumber manufactured is generally hard and flinty ;
but farther north the trees increase in size, the cha-
racter of the wood changes, until in Humboldt county
is found probably the finest belt of timber in the
world ; trees 12 to iS feet in diameter, and from 150
to 250 feet high, being no rare occurrence. In this
part there are large tracts that have been estimated to
have 250,000 feet to the acre, and single acres could
be selected that would double or treble that amount ;
and the lumber is of the finest, softest quality, equal
to the best Eastern White Pine. The dimensions of
these large trees are given, but these are the prevail-
ing sizes. While such trees are not rare, the average
size of saw-logs is from 6 to 8 feet in diamtter, and
most of the mills on Humboldt Bay were built with
reference to handling logs of that size. Throughout
the Redwood belt there is but little other timber.
Some little Pine, Fir, and Spruce is cut, but no great
amount of either.
Redwood, as the name indicates, is of a dark reddish
colour. It is soft, coarse grained, and very brittle.
The grain usually runs very straight, and it splits
readily, it being no diflicult matter to split out a
board I inch thick, 8 to 10 inches wide, and 10 to 15
feet long. When dry it is much lighter than Pine,
but of the logs cut from a newly fallen tree the butt
log, thrown into the water, will often go to the bottom
like a stone, while the top logs will float like cork.
It is of slow growth. Of timber now being cut the
circles indicate that many of the trees have been
standing thousands [?] of years. The bark of the tree
is very thick, soft, and fibrous in character, and con-
tains no resin or pitch j hence fires that frequently
run through the underbrush of Redwood forests have
no effect on the standing timber.
Redwood, being very durable both below and above
ground, is in great demand for raUroad uses, for
which purpose in 18S1 over 70,000,000 feet were
used. It is also in great demand for roofing of
houses ; and when a man has covered his house with
Redwood shingles he considers that matter settled for
life.
For tannery tanks it is peculiarly adapted, as the
wood resists the action of the tanning solution. At a
tannery the same tanks have been in use for ten
years, and they are apparently as good as ever
they were. The wine merchants now use Redwood
vats entirely, because a certain insect found in the
new juice of the Grape, which destroys the Pine vats
by boring through them, dislikes the taste of Red-
wood, and lets it alone. As Redwood much re-
sembles Spanish Cedar in colour, and imparts no
odour to affect the taste of tobacco, it is now being
shipped quite extensively to New York to be used in
the manufacture of cigar boxes. But the principal
use to which Redwood lumber is put on the coast is
the outside and inside finish of houses, as from 40 to
50 per cent, of the lumber sawed is perfectly clear,
without knot or blemish, and much of this can be cut
into planks 6 inches and under thick, and from 24 to
60 inches wide. It is well adapted for brackets,
ornaments, and mouldings of all kinds. While much
of the grain runs straight, curly Redwood can be
selected which, when polished and varnished, rivals
Rosewood in its beauty.
To the extensive use of Redwood in the buildings is
due, in a large measure, the immunity from large fires
in San Francisco and neighbouring cities. There
being little or no resin in the wood a fire is easily put
out, and when once extinguished it is with difficulty
ignited.
There are about forty mills engaged in cutting Red-
wood. The largest have a capacity of 75,000 or
80,000 feet per day ; perhaps the average would be
about 40,000 feet daily. The amount of Redwood
lumber sawed by these mills in 18S1 was not far from
140,000,000 feet ; of this 95,000,000 feet came to the
port of San Francisco, 4,500,000 feet being reshipped
to New York and foreign ports. The balance of
45,000,000 feet, manufactured, was distributed to the
lower ports in California, Mexico, South America,
Sandwich Islands, Society Islands, and Australia,
vessels going direct from the mills.
Among the many interesting facts in the foregoing
extracts there is one matter for regret, and that is the
apparent certain complete destruction of the Redwood
forests within a very short period. It is not likely
that the Redwood will very soon become extinct, but
all the grand forests will go.
Instruction in Forestry.— At a meeting of the
Education Section of the Social Science Congress
Sir R. Temple reviewed the present state of forests
in various parts of the world, and urged the
study of forestry in England with special reference
to the application of the knowledge to India. He
said : — In no country was forestry so little thought
of as in England, because, in the first place, we had
a superabundance of rain ; in the second, this rainfall,
and the prevalent vegetation which it caused, pre-
served from destruction the rich Jiiimns with which
our land was covered ; and, lastly, because the Gulf
Stream moderated our climate. Scotland was richer
in forests than this country, having about 1,000,000
acres, or one-twentieth of its total acreage, under
498
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 1S83.
forestry. Nevertheless, despite the eflbrts of Scotch
arboriculturists and public-spirited men generally, that
million of acres was being slowly reduced. When he
was at the meeting of the Scotch Arboricultural
Society at Kdinburgh, two years ago, it was stated
that only about three-quarters of a million acres of
forests remained. Sir Richard Temple gave the
results of his observation during recent travels as far
as it bore upon forestry. In the south of Norway,
and throughout Sweden, the forests were preserved in
the most patriotic manner for the augmentation of the
national wealth. In Germany and Western France,
also, forests formed a profitable part of the national
material possessions. In Soulhern France, Italy, and
Spain, however, tourists could not fail to note the
reckless destruction of forests which had taken place.
If a forest was destroyed twenty other things disap-
peared with it ; but the most disastrous effect was
that destruction of forests entailed long periods of
drought, followed by those excessive inundations
which had of late been so common in certain parts of
Europe. In Russia, too, reckless and unscientific
felling of forest trees was very frequent. Russia was
naturally a country of Pine forests, but these latter
had been largely replaced by Birch. The meaning of
that was that when Pine forests were felled without
proper provision being made for the reproduction of
the Pines, Birch trees grew up in their stead. The
beautiful countries on both shores of the Bosphorus,
once the home of the greatest nations, and the scenes
of the greatest events of history, were now but the
shadow of their former selves, solely on account of
the reckless destruction of their forests. The once
fa-nous harbour of Ephesus has silted up because of
the destruction of the forests near the sources of the
rivers which flowed into the sea at that point. The
sylvan glories of Cyprus, too, the latest region which
had passed under British sway, had entirely departed.
After alluding to the aridity and sterility which had
been brought about in Palestine and Persia by the
destruction of their ancient forests, Sir Richard
Temple passed on to British India, where, he said,
the English nation possessed a forest department
greater than that of any other people in the world.
Although the forest department was far short of what
it should be, it was among the administrative glories
of England. There were 75,000 square miles of
forests there, of which 25,000 were under scientific
care, and the remaining 50,000 were under toler-
able care and preservation. Sir Richard Temple
showed that otherwise forestry was not cultivated,
o her countries having already lost their timber, and
others having been blessed with such a store that it
still remained in great quantities, but was slowly but
surely diminishing. In North America and Canada
the forests were being greatly diminished ; but the
most melancholy case was that of the West Indies,
for there the destruction of forests meant not only the
loss of a source of material wealth, but also permanent
injury to the climate and the fertility of the soil. This
destructive process had not hitherto been visible in
Australia, because the forests there were so far inland
that destructive agencies could not reach them. But
if ever a reckless destruction of Australian forests
should commence it would be fraught with the gravest
danger to the community. The great problem of the
future for Australia was the water supply in the centre
of the island, and that problem could only be met by
carefully preserving the forests near the sources of the
scanty Australian rivers. For the practice of forestry
there were three chief reasons — first, the extension of
the national wealth ; second, the retention o( moisture
in the soil ; and, third, the moderation of the climate.
Sir Richard looked upon the judicious use of forests
as analogous to the employment of interest and
capital, the same principles applying to both ; and he
also observed that, if forests which had disappeared
could not be replaced by properly conducted arbori-
culture, many new trees could be naturalised or accli-
matised in a country. Adequate provision for the
instruction of forestry was wanted, for the great rea-
son that forestry was nearly connected wiih national
progress, and such instruction was divisible as fol-
lows : — Method of preparing the land for forests, the
art of planting, the art of thinning and pruning, the
utilisation of limbs and branches, felling, barking,
leaving standards for reproduction (in which was
comprised the most important of all the operations),
gathering pollards, sawing and manufacturing, and
rearing and propagating in nurseries.
At the close of a brief discussion, which took a
very general tone, Sir Richard Temple said it had not
been his object to add another subject to the curricu-
lum of elementary schools, but to advocate the pre-
servation of forests at home and abroad, and the esta-
blishment of forestry schools to disseminate the
practice of forestry both at home and abroad, this
country having a world-wide interest in the develop-
ment of the timber supply. Besides, each country
had its self-interest in the preservation of forests for
climatic reasons, and for the maintenance of its
national prosperity.
f rd|}d |Jot£S aiul il^janiiiDS.
Work in the Houses. — The greater part of the
Dendrobiums will now have completed their season's
growth, and the opportunity should now be taken to
regulate the young growths. Where they are prin-
cipally grown in pots a few of the oldest bulbs may be
removed and the young bulbs should be lightly tied to
neat stakes to prevent them receiving any injury when
moved about. Before being tied the plants should be
carefully sponged and all traces of dirt and insects
removed from them, when they will be in good con-
dition to go into their winter quarters. No attempt
should be made to stake those that are grown in
baskets, as they never look better than when depend-
ing Irom the latter. Those who have a late vinery
where a little fire is used to maintain an equable tem-
perature for the preservation of the Grapes, will also find
it a very suitable structure for many of the Dendrobes
during the autumn months. All the D. nobile, D. War-
dianum, D. crassinode, D. moniliforme, D. Parishii,
D. Pierardi, also D. densiSorum, D. Farmeri, and
others of this section. With the removal of the Den-
drobes from the growing house, the latter becomes
available for the collection of winter - blooming
Calanthes. These are fast pushing up their graceful
spikes, and are well worthy of a special structure
during the dull autumn months, as they are much
more effective in a mass with a few foliage plants
amongst them than as isolated specimens scattered
through the warm houses. Keep them moist at the
root for the present, and do not allow the tem-
perature to fall below 60°, otherwise their foliage
will soon turn yellow and decay. The late potted
batch of these must be kept under growing conditions
a little longer, also the late blooming C. Turneri,
when they will come in useful to succeed the earliest
lot. In the East Indian-house the earliest form of
Angra;cum sesquipedale, also A. eburneum, will be
fast approaching the flowering stage, and should be
placed in the driest part of the house, to preserve their
beauty as long as possible. The winter-flowering
Saccolabiums must be looked over occasionally, and
as soon as their spikes are seen they should be pro-
tected. In this house, where the ventilation requires
to be very carefully carried out during the winter sea-
son, it will be advisable to tack a piece of coarse open
tiffany over the ventilators to prevent cold currents of
air from passing over the plants, and also as a pre-
servative of the moisture in the house, which soon
gets condensed on the glass during cold weather, and
causes another danger in drip. The latter must be care-
fully watched to see that it does not get into the
hearts of the plants. To make sure of the latter, some
strips of zinc should be cut about 3 inches wide, and
pressed into the shape of the letter V, and then
tacked under the sash bars to carry the superfluous
moisture down to the front of the house. Any plants
of Saccolabiums and other tender subjects that have
been hanging close to the glass during the summer
months, will be safer now from vicissitudes of tem-
perature by being lowered a foot or so from the glass.
J. Roberts.
Vanda ccerulea and Pleiones at Mr. Boc-
kett's. — There are few Orchids known in collections
that exhibit more variable results in their cultivation
than the blue Vanda. With some growers it never
seems to do well, with many others it thrives freely
for a time — long enough to excite hopes that are ulti-
mately dispelled, for although root and leaf growth
go on for a year or two as well as could be wished,
afterwards the leaves begin to show the dreaded dis-
ease at their points, not unusually before they are fully
grown — a condition that often spreads so as to end in
the destruction of the plants. This is the more regret-
able as in the whole Orchid family there are few more
lovely flowers, and in addition to their exquisite shade
of soft blue they have the merit of blooming at a
season when flowers are scarcest. At Stamford Hill
the cultivation of this Vanda appears to be just hit
upon, as the plants keep on year after year increasing
in size without sign of disease, fresh and green
in their foliage, although the leaves individually
are not so large as sometimes met with — a circum-
stance that points to the presence of abundance of
light, and an absence of over-exciting heat. The
plants of this Vanda collectively are carrying some
twenty-seven spikes, most of them fully open ; they
occupy the end of the centre stage in one of the span-
roofed houses, presenting a variety of shades of deli-
cate blue colour such as few families of plants alTord ;
equally variable are the flowers in size, on some of
the plants being twice as big as others. The
Pleiones occupy a portion of a side stage in another
house, standing as close as the pots in which they
are grown admit of, and smothered with bloom, so
as to hide the surface ; they form a mass of colour
which at a short distance looks like a bed of pink
Colchicums. The principal sorts are P. Wallichiana,
P. Reichenbachiana, P. maculata, and P. lagenaria ;
they are grown in a mixture of peat, loam, and
sphagnum, and kept in the Cattleya-house through
the growing season. Amongst other things in bloom
are La-lia elegans, a grand form with four spikes,
three of which have five flowers each, the fourth
three ; L. Perrinii, the right variety ; some pretty
forms of Cattleya, including C. speciosissima and
C. Dayanum, and the white Trichopilia. Of
Phalajnopsis, P. grandiflora, P. amabilis, and P.
violacea, a good many are in bloom ; the collection of
Phalosnopsis has been treated so as to get them into
flower early, to as lar as possible have them before the
fog season, so destructive of their flowers, comes on.
In this house are a long double row of Cypripedium
niveum and C. Spicerianum, that thrive beautifully ;
and on a broad shelf close up to the roof, with the
pots half plunged in growing sphagnum, are a number
of plants of Odontoglossum Roezlii, in such vigorous
condition as rarely met with, the heat, light, and the
moisture about the pots exactly suiting them. This,
with other Odontoglossums, Phalffinopsis, and any
species that are at all affected with the troublesome
yellow thrips, are dipped freely in a solution of nicotine
soap. T. B.
Masdevallia Davisii. — Mr. Roberts appears to
think (p. 431) that this is the only Masdevallia which
flowers in autumn. I have, however, in flower at the
present moment :— M. Davisii, M. chimrera, both
upright and pendent ; M. bella, M. Reichenbachiana,
M. Lindeni, M. amabilis, M. ignea, and M. Wagneri.
//. J. Ross, Castagnolo, Lastra a Signa, Italy.
We have at the present time the following
species in bloom : — M. Lindeni, Davisii, Harryana,
ignea, and Veitchii. The two last mentioned will
give us fresh flowers until Christmas, and we always
found chimrera and bella decidedly autumn-flowering
Masdevallias. T. N., The Gardens, Ferniehurst,
Shipley.
Oncidium flexuosum is a bright and attractive
species, now flowering in the Cambridge Botanic
(iarden. The labellum is pure yellow, and the
colour with which the rest of the flower is spotted is
better than brown, being rather of a brownish-red.
It is a free-flowering plant, not very common perhaps,
though, according to one of our best authorities, it is
"a good old species, from Brazil."
Vanda Sanderiana.— At Stevens' Rooms, on the
nth inst., a unique specimen o( the newly introduced
Vanda Sanderiana, received from Messrs. H. Low &
Co., measuring'2 feet loinches across, with ninety leaves
and numerous roots made in this country, fetched
200 guineas.
Cattleya Tkian.« var. Formosa, Orchid
Album, t. loS.— Flowers between 6 and 7 inches
across, with linear oblong obtuse pale violet sepals,
broadly ovate sub-stipilate undulate petals ; lip con-
volute at the base, with the terminal lobe undulate ;
rich magenta-crimson, with a broad orange blotch in
the throat.
Maxillaria luteo-alea.— This plant is figured
at t. 106 of the Orchid Album. It is useful for cutting
purposes, as it flowers when the plants are small.
The flowers are nearly 6 inches long, with narrow
pointed pale brown sepals, similar, but much shorter
petals, and a lip convolute and purple, and striped at
the base, with an oblong recurved yellow anterior lobe.
Saccolabium curvifolium, Orchid Allnmi, X.
107.— A dwarf plant, with the habit of a Vanda, and
a dense many- flowered spike of orange-scarlet flowers.
The plant requires the temperature of the East India-
house.
Odontoglossum Londesboroughianum, Rchb.
f., Illust. Horticole, t. 497.— See Card. Chron.,
t. xvii., p. 772.
OcTor.ER 20, 1SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE-
499
KvERY means should now be employed while the
weather continues favourable to effect the necessary
changes in the flower garden. As the summer plants
die, or become shabby, they should be immediately
cleared away. Re-pot those which are somewhat
tender, before the approach of frost, and also those
which are required for future stock.
Where Palms and other tender tropical plants are
employed for outdoor decoration they should also be
conveyed to their winter quarters, as by allowing them
to remain out too long in the autumn they frequently
receive injuries from which they never recover. The
beds when cleared should be immediately prepared
for the reception of those subjects already in store
for them. For winter decoration nothing produces
so fine an effect as a choice selection of the most
ornamental foliaged dwarf varieties of shrubs, and
there is now such an endless variety not only in
respect to habit, outline, and general appearance, but
the form, texture, and colouring of the foliage is so
diversified and beautiful that almost any and every
shade may be readily obtained in these hardy winter
gems. Some of them, it is true, require a little
special treatment in respect to soil when being
potted, they also require a little occasional atten-
tion in respect to spring and summer pruning ;
but this is very little, and they amply repay
by their bright and beautiful charms in winter for
any attention which may be paid to them. If pur-
chased from the nurseries in a small state and potted
into suitable pots, not too large, they remain, by slight
annual pruning, convenient and shapely plants for
many years, simply requiring transference to the
reserve nursery when spring or summer approaches.
As an economical, at the same time most interesting
and beautiful means of furnishing a winter and spring
garden, they are, even when alone, most useful and
very charming, but when judiciously associated with
spring bulbs or plants the effect really is beautiful, as
they allord a variety and relief which is very accept-
able, and which tends greatly to enhance the pleasing
eflect produced by spring bulbs. The most suit-
able kinds of shrubs for this purpose are Andio-
medas, Cotoneaster microphylla and thym.i2folia,
Cia'agus pyracaniha, Pernettya, floribunda and
mucronata, Cupressus erecta viridis, albo-varie-
gata, Nutkaensis and compacta ; Cryptomeria
nana, Euonymus radicans variegata, latifolius aureo-
marginatus, and argenteo variegatus ; Erica vulgaris
aurea, herbacea, carnea, mediterranea rubra and
alba ; Aucuba, berried, especially vera nana ; Ilex
myrtifolia, aurea picta, argentea variegata, also the
bronzed variety, and marginatus ; Buxus japonica
aurea and suffruticosa argentea, Juniperus Sabina
variegata and tamariscifolia, Retinospora ericoides,
obtusa aurea nana, and plumosa ; Vincaelegantissima,
Thuiopsis dolabrata, Skimmia japonica, Taxus ele-
gantissma, Vucca recurva, the Myrtle-leaved Portugal
Laurel, Veronica decusata. Rhododendron Willsonii,
ovatum, myrtifolium and I-)aphnoides ; also the gold
and silver-leaved as well as the yellow-berried Ivy.
Many more might be enumerated, but these kinds
will give great variety, and as they are all hardy and
of suitable growth they may be the easier managed.
In grouping them their habits and colours must of
course be considered, so as to form a suitable and
pleasing arrangement. Care should be taken to
plunge the surface of the pots just under the soil,
so as to prevent them from being visible. When
judiciously grouped and suitably associated with the
various kinds of spring bulbs the effect is most
charming. This is perhaps the best, as it is the
most convenient season for performing any alteration
required either on the lawn or in the shrubbery ; it is
especially suitable for transplanting either trees or
shrubs of nearly every kind. If performed now they
have ample time to establish themselves before the
severity of the winter approaches, and consequently
be the better able to withstand the trying effects of the
spring weather.
The mowing machine will soon be at rest, but in
order to make the dull autumn season more cheering
the lawn should by no means be neglected ; frequent
brushing and rolling will be required, and all walks
must be regularly edged and rolled in suitable weather,
so as to give a trim and neat appearance. Shrubs
and late llowering plants, such as Dahlias and Chry-
santhemums, should receive due attention in respect
to tjin^; and all decaying flowers and leaves should be
daily removed. Without strict attention to those
details the lawn and shubbery quickly become at this
season very unsightly and unenjoyable. T, S. C.
iBrapes an6 Uineries.
The earliest house must be pruned at once, if not
already done. Alter pruning dress the cuts over
with styptic, to prevent bleeding ; if the Vines are
clean no painting will be necessary, but if there is
any mealybug on them, take off all the loose bark
with the thumb and finger, but do not scrape them,
and wash the Vines with Gishurst Compound, S oz.
to the gallon of hot water. Be careful to thoroughly
dissolve it and let it get cold before using. When the
Vines have been washed and are dry, paint them with
a mixture of clay, sulphur, soot, and Gishurst Com-
pound, working it well into every crevice ; wash the
walls, woodwork, and glass thoroughly, tie the
Vines in a horizontal position, and leave the front
and back ventilators open night and day until the
houie is started. Any borders that are in a bad state
can be treated as advised in my last Calendar. Suc-
cession-houses from which the fruit has been
cut must have an abundance of air night and day,
and sufficient water at the roots to keep the
Vines healthy. Houses of late Ilamburghs that
have to be kept as long as possible, must
have plenty of air when the external atmo-
sphere is bright and dry, but on dull or foggy
days very little air must be given. Protect the outside
borders with shutters to throw off the autumn rains,
and the inside border should be covered with
straw or Fern to prevent evaporation. Muscats
can be kept at a night temperature of 50"* to
55° according to the state of the weather outside, for
if too much fire-heat is used the berries will shrivel.
Give sufficient water at the roots to keep the berries
plump, choosing a bright day when a little extra air
can be given so that the extra surface moisture will
dry up before evening. Leave a little air on the back
ventilators all night when the weather is mild. All
late varieties of Grapes can be kept at a night tempe-
rature of 50° while the mild weather lasts, but if the
nights are cold a few degrees lower will be advisable.
Pot Vines for early forcing should now be pruned,
and if the canes are too long for the house they have
to occupy do not shorten them back much, for they
invariably show better bunches towards the top where
the buds are made in the long summer days. They
can be tied in a slightly horizontal position, so that
there will be room fur them. They will be belter left
outside until they are started. The present is a good
time to get some fermenting materials mixed together.
It will then be in good order for use when the Vines
are staited early next month. Joshua Alkins^
Che iDrcharb House.
No time should be lost now in plunging the pots
containing the trees out-of-doors in Cocoa-nut fibre
refuse, the best of all materials for this purpose. The
house may be devoted to any other purpose until it is
time to place the trees into it again ; and there is
nothing better than Chrysanthemums. They occupy the
house from the first week in October until January,
when it will be time to clear the house for the fruit
trees. Those who intend to purchase any new trees
should lose no time in doing so ; as, the sooner after
this time of the year they are potted the better. The
pot culture of fruit trees admits of a very large number
of distinct varieties grown from a young state into
fruiting size ; and it is not a very great sacrifice to
destroy those that do not turn out so well as might be
expected, to make room for other varieties it may be
desirable to test. At this season of the year it may
not be amiss to give a selection of the best varieties
of trees adapted for orchard-house culture. Of
Peaches : Alexander, Hale's Early, Early Grosse
Mignonne, Bellegarde, Goshawk, and Princess of
Wales, are a good selection. Of Nectarines, the best
six are Lord Napier, Stanwick Eliuge, Humboldt,
Violetle Hative, Downton, and Vicioiia. Plums :
Angelina Burdett, Golden Esperen, Jefferson, Kirke's
Golden Drop, Transparent Gage, Green Gage. Pears :
Williams' Bjn Chretien, B-urte d'Anianlis, Madame
Ticjve, Luuue Boni.e o( Jtrscy, Coiiseillcr dc U
Cour, and Doyenne du Comice. Where Apples do
not succeed well out-of-doors a few of the best giown
in pots in the orchard-house will produce very
superior fruit.
Kerry Pippin from the orchard-house and Early
Strawberry have been very useful indeed for dessert
purposes early in the jear. I was rather disappointed
with Cox's Orange Pippin in pots, and it is more to
the purpose to get in a (ew very early sorts before
Ihey can be obtained from trees out-of-doors. Cox's
Orange Pippin can be obtained of such good quality
from pyramid or bush trees on the dwarfing stocks,
that its partial failure in pots is nut of much conse-
quence. 7. />oii);las.
|M |ai:(Ia |nu( |ant«tt.
The gathering of Apples and Pears for dessert and
culinary purposes should now be completed. For-
tunately for us ours are all in, as our coast has been
vibited with tremendous gales of wind and rain during
the past week, which blew down and injured to a
great extent what were left on the trees. The present
season being a most prolific one, especially as regards
Apples— though with us Pears have been the same,
and the quality better than usual, which may be attri.
butable to our favourable climate— the fruit-room
will be filled to overflowing. In order to meet
this boxes and barrels, as recommended in my last
Calendar, may be used, and very advantageously, for
storing late keeping varieties. About a fortnight
after housing the usual sweating will have taken place,
and any fruit liable to decay can now be easilydetected,
which will enable only sound fruit to be thus stored
away, and the losses from decay will be considerably
reduced, for in this case a frequent looking over to
remove decaying fruit cannot be performed so easily as
when laid out singly on shelve;, neither is it
necessary, as seldom with late varieties does
decay affect other fruit in contact with them,
Of course the above is subject to the conditions
before mentioned, that rooms used for storing
be dry and cool, and means for ventilating be
secured. The most satisfactory position for a fruit
room is that of an underground cellar, which can be
perfectly and well drained, and with good ventilalicn,
so that the necessary dry and cool atmosphere can be
maintained, and perhaps the most unsuitable, and
which is not unfrequently met with, is that of rooms
built over boiler sheds and others at the back of
ranges of houses, when the atmosphere and tem-
perature are affected by every external change in the
weather. Press on the preparations for planting. In
heavy soils and low wet districts provide for good
drainage, and if drains can be laid from each pit to
the mains so much the belter. Clayey and heavy
soils should be supplemented when trenching with a
good dressing of a light soil, or even brick rubbish
and mortar, and in the case of very light sandy soil,
that of a heavier nature applied, a medium being
the most desirable for fruit growing purposes.
Where there is a great depth of soil, or the sub-
soil is uncongenial to the growth of fruit trees the
bottom of the pits taken out for the trees
should be paved with slabs, bricks, or other material
from 4 to 5 feet in diameter, which will arrest the
downward course of any roots and direct them hori-
zontally. Where the soil is heavy and the locality
low the pit should receive about 9 inches of broken
bricks also, which drainage immediately affects the
tree so planted. Whether planting new trees or root-
pruning, be careful to sever all damaged portions of
roots with the knife, otherwise the root may decay
more than is desirable. To facilitate the operation of
planting, if time and weather will permit, the pits
may be filled with soil, as very little will be required
to be moved, for it is preferable that the roots in all
cases occupy a position only a few inches beneath the
surface. If this is done, planting may proceed imme-
diately the trees are ready.
The Raspberry thrives in a heavy and rather damp
soil better than in a very light kind, which latter
should always be kept thickly mulched.
The copings on wall-, if movable, may be taken in,
and give employment in wet weather in the way of
painting, &c., which will thus place them in readiness
for use nhen required D. C, fczcc/i.
500
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 1883.
Monday,
Oct. 22
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
1 of the Apple Show, at Chis-
l the 25th inst.
ulbs, at Stevens' and Protheroe &
' Rooms,
r Sale of Glass Erections and Plants, at the
Stone Grove Nursery, Edgware, by
TUESDAY, Oct. 23 -j SaKfTolet^Conlfers, Bulbs. &c.. at the
City Auction Rooms, by Protheroe &
L Morris.
r Fruit Show at Hereford (two days).
Sale of Orchids, Stove Plants, Hardy
\iir.T.T^».c-r-»,.,. r\ * J Plants and Rulbs, &c., at Stevens'Rooms.
Wednesday. Oct. 24 -J Sale of Camellias. Azaleas, and other plants.
I Roses, &c. , at Protheroe & Morris'
L Rooms
r Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,
at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
Sale of Glass Erections, at the Westbourne
Nursery, Harrow Road, by Protheroe &
Morris.
n . «/, r Sale of Imported Flowering Orchids, at
uct. 20 I Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
' Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
Rooms, and Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
Morris Rooms.
Thursday, Oct. 25
Friday,
Saturday,
Oct
27 J
WHAT the immediate future of Systematic
Botany is likely to be is a question of
no small importance, not alone to horticulturists,
but to all concerned in the products of the
vegetable kingdom, whether they minister to
the wants or to the pleasures of mankind. In
former years we had repeatedly to deplore the
little attention that was paid in this country to
physiological botany, but the tide has turned,
and now we have to call attention to the
growing neglect of descriptive botany. In Ger-
many especially, in most of the centres of learn-
ing there has arisen a thorough contempt for
systematic botany, and those pursuing it are
disdainfully styled "florists." For them the
student of the histology or physiology of plants
is a botanist, and those branches of botany are
alone considered worthy to be classed under the
head of science ! A few of those who have con-
descended to study systematic botany have so
charged and complicated their work with super-
fluous matter as to render it impracticable. It
is a pity that one branch of knowledge should
suffer in consequence of a number of professors
giving exclusive attention to other branches ;
and we are glad to see that a German botanist
and traveller of note like Dr. G. Schweinfurth
has had the courage to speak out boldly on the
subject before an audience comprising many of
the leading professors of botany in Germany.
In saying this we do not intend to disparage
German botanists, many of whom have done
most excellent work, and are unsurpassed for
painstaking research. Dr. Schweinfurth,
however, was very severe, and we are not sur-
prised that his animadversions gave some
offence to those against whom they were
directed.
At a meeting of German naturalists and phy-
sicians at Fribourg on the 21st ult. Dr.
Schweinfurth delivered an address dealing
with his recent explorations in the island of
Socotra and the present state of botany in
Germany. After expatiating on the primary
importance of systematic botany he declared
that there were everywhere traces of the Con-
sequences of the exclusive cultivation of the
anatomical and physiological branches of
botany. Teachers were wanting, he said, and
botanic gardens were falling into decay (con-
tinental gardens of this description, with some
exceptions, were never very brilliant within our
recollection) ; while the directors of these
establishments assumed airs of superiority
and looked down with contempt on those
few representatives left of the old school
of botanists. Every branch of scientific re-
search has its justification, and he who raised
his own particular branch to a monopoly
is guilty of a crying injustice. Geography
and other sciences were suffering through the
inactivity of travellers in botanical investiga-
tion. To give an example of what remained to
be done in relation to cultivated plants he men-
tioned Penicillaria, a tropical grass which
affords food for fifty or perhaps even a hundred
million persons, as practically unknown, and
not alluded to in the most recent works. As to
the students of one branch of botany or geo-
graphy arrogating to their particular branch the
exclusive right to the title of scientific, Dr.
Schweinfurth characterised it as ridiculous,
deprecating altogether the employment of such
definitions as scientific geography, zoology or
botany, because botany is a science, or it is
not.
We quite agree with Dr. Schweinfurth,
and we think it good that such truth should be
spoken out fearlessly. Fortunately, although
botanical teaching has much widened and
improved in this country within the last twenty
years, it has not been, in most places, at the
expense of systematic botany. Never, perhaps,
was there greater activity in this branch of
botany, whether in relation to purely descriptive
work, to the dispersion of plants over the sur-
face of the earth, or to the elucidation of the
sources of useful vegetable products. In a very
great measure this is due to the excellent provi-
sions for studying systematic botany, and the
encouragement given to it by those who have
had and who have the management of our
central establishment at Kew, which have also
borne good fruit, even among amateurs. We
have only to instance Mr. Maw's labours on
the genus Crocus, Mr. Elwes' on Lilium, and
Professor Michael Foster's on Iris. Practical
Englishmen recognise that neither systematic
nor physiological botany can be neglected with-
out serious injury to both as departments of
pure science, or as essential to the progress of
the applied sciences of horticulture and agri-
culture.
Maurandya erubescens. — The genus Lo-
phospermum, to which this plant was formerly referred,
is now considered by Mr. Bentham {Genera Plan/a-
rum, vol. ii., 1876, p. 935) to be merely a section of
Maurandya distinguished from the true Maurandyas
by the broader calyx segments and winged (not wing-
less) seeds. Unfortunately, this is not the only change
required, for the plant we now figure (fig. 81) and
which IS generally grown as Lophospermum scandens,
should, it appears, be more properly called Maurandya
erubescens, the true L. scandens being different.
Maurandya erubescens, then, is a beautiful herbaceous
climber, raised originally from Mexican seed in the
garden of the late P. Neill, Esq., at Canon Mills,
near Edinburgh. It is best treated as a greenhouse
plant, but when grown out-of-doors, as it may be
during the summer months, the colour of the flowers
becomes much richer, almost purple. The roots are
fleshy and may be preserved in winter like Dahlia
tubers, or it may be treated as an annual and grown
from seed on a liotbed. A beautiful hybrid, called L.
Henderson! x , was once in cultivation, but we do not
know if it is now to be found. It was raised in the
Bury Botanic Garden between L. scandens (female)
and L. erubescens (male), and is recorded as very free-
flowering and as an improvement upon either of its
parents. See Gardeners^ Chronicle, 1S42, p. 254.
For our present specimen (fig. 81) we are indebted
to Mr. Lynch, of the Cambridge Botanic Garden,
whose zeal in cultivating noveliies and bringing old
favourites again into notice is worthy of all praise.
The Apple Show at Chiswick. —The
authorities, having regard to the vast amount of work
that yet remains to be done, and to the fact that public
interest in the exhibition shows no abatement, have
wisely determined to extend the period during which
the exhibition will be kept open until Thursday next ;
and we are requested to state, that exhibitors who
may desire to do so, may remove their fruit on Friday
the 26th inst. Considering the amount of handling
that has been going on since the exhibition was opened,
the fruits have still a remarkably bright and fresh
appearance, and there is scarcely a day that does not
bring some additions of interest and value. Another
pleasing fact in connection with the show is, that
notwithstanding the total absence of police, and the
frequent absence of the employes from the houses
attending to other duties, it is believed by the
authorities that not a single fruit has been purloined
by visitors — a fact which we suppose we must take
to mean, that the morals of boys have improved, since
we foraged for " scrunchers."
Presentation to Mr. Barron. — At a
dinner of the promoters of the Apple Exhibition, held
in the rooms of the Horticultural Club, at Ashley's
Hotel, Covent Garden, on Thursday night, Mr. Bar-
ron, the Superintendent of the Royal Horticultural
Society's Gardens, and upon whom the greater part
of the labour involved in this most successful exhibi-
tion has devolved, was presented with a gold watch
and chain. Never was a compliment of this kind
more richly merited, nor more ungrudgingly awarded.
The National Rose Show. — Salisbury is
the chosen city for holding this show in 1884. The
exact date is not yet definitely arranged, but it will
most probably be early in July. Let us hope that
the show may be one worthy of this popular Society,
an honour to the name of Keynes, who did so
much to make the Rose popular, and a credit to the
lovely city that Keynes made so floriculturally
famous.
The Phylloxera Laws. — The arguments
that have been used, and the evidence that has been
afforded, of the futility for the purpose intended of
these laws, have proved of no avail. It becomes now
a question, whether those of our horticulturists who
are concerned in the importation of living plants into
Germany and other Continental countries should give
in their adhesion to the Treaty of Berne. If they do,
they must be prepared to act loyally up to its terms,
however burdensome they may prove to be. The
only alternative is to lose their Continental trade
almost entirely. We have on several occasions pub-
lished the requirements of the treaty, and those who
wish to know under what conditions plants may be
introduced are referred to p. 557 of our vol. xviii.
for 1S82. We may add, however, that from what we
learn the execution of the law is carried out sometimes
in a very arbitrary manner, while at other times a
certain laxity of practice has been observed.
Apple Show at Manchester. — We understand
that Mr. Bruce Findley is organising a large Apple
Show, to be held in the Manchester Town Hall, and
to be opened to the public on Thursday, November I,
The Temple Chrysanthemums. —We
understand that the Chrysanthemums in both the
Inner and Middle Temple Gardens promise an un-
usually good display this season, and as the buds are
devoloping fast, they will be in bloom earlier than
usual.
Dundee Horticultural Society. — The
annual meeting of this Society was held on the
loth inst.. Provost Moncur, tlie President, in the
Chair. The accounts showed the income to be
^954 \2s. 7(/., which gave a profit of ^^53 9.J. %d, on
the year, bringing up the balance at the credit of the
Society to ;^378 or. lo^/. The membership this year
was 719* a decrease of two as compared with the
number last year. The number who visited the show
this year was nearly 20,000, and the amount of
admission money was ^416, the largest sum in the
history of the Society with the exception of the sum
drawn at the International Show some years ago.
Among the reasons for the success of the show were
the excellence of the exhibition itself, the electric
lighting, the quality of the music supplied, and the
return of prosperity to the industries of the town.
The accounts were unanimously adopted, and the
committee cordially thanked for their services during
the past year. On the motion of Mr. DoiG, Rossie ^
Priory, the Earl of Camperdown was re-elected ■
Honorary President of the Society. On the motion T
of M-r. James Johnstone, Ashludie, Provost Moncur
was unanimously re-elected President. The Provost
expressed his pleasure in accepting the office, and said
they were to have an International Show next year,
and he would have great pleasure in doing what he
could for its success. They were for some time
threatened with opposition in London. That had now
been withdrawn, so that they had the whole field to
themselves, and it would be their own fault if they
did not make the International Show a thorough success,
and even more successful than the former International
Shows they had held.
Government Plants, — Owing to the wide
publicity given just recently to the announcement that
the surplus plants from the beds in our public parks
were again to be distributed amongst the poorer classes
of our metropolis on application, it would seem as if
there must be some good reasons for this annual offer,
The Gardeners' Chroaicle,]
Fig. 8i, — maurandya erubescens : flowers rosy-purple, (see p. 500.)
[October^j, 1883.
502
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, iSSy.
and that it is largely availed of. We should, there-
fore, like to learn something of the applications made,
(heir numbers, the class of people who apply, and for
what particular plants, and, not least, when obtained,
with what success or otherwise the plants are kept. It
must be admitted that bedding plants, such as Pelar-
goniums, Verbenas, Petunias, Fuchsias, Calceolarias,
Lobelias, and similar things are in about the worst
possible condition for winter keeping under any cir-
cumstances. When fresh lifted from the beds, and
when gardeners with proper appliances find them to
make for the winter most truculent material, what
amount of success can be looked for when town
dwellers have to keep them in their close rooms or
windows, and under the most trying conditions as
best they may ? If at the end of the winter one half
of these plants are found alive the result would be
most creditable to those who have been their culti-
vators. Succulents of a fairly hardy kind may be
housed with ease, but of these we fear the poor appli-
cants get few. All the tender Coleuses, Iresines,
Alternantheras, and subtropical plants are valueless
to any one, and may be put aside at once. The
selection, therefore, becomes necessarily a limited
one, and much interest must attach to reliable in-
formation as to what kinds are most sought for in the
first instance, and to those which are most successfully
kept and grown afterwards. There can be no doubt
but that a distribution of surplus bedding plants in the
early summer from the public parks would prove a
boon, and thousands might hope to grow these with
success. Still it would be a question how far Govern-
ment benevolence should interfere with the plant
hawker's vocation.
Next Year's Fkuit Prospects. — It may
be not exactly in place to refer under this heading to
a suggestion already thrown out, that what is being
so well done for Apples at Chiswick, should be
supplemented next year in the case of Pears, but
it is evident that such a work, if undertaken — and
there is no reason why it should not be — must be
largely contingent upon the nature of the crop of that
fruit the coming season may give us. Perhaps excep-
tion may be taken to the exhibition of Pears on a
similar plan, for but a limited time, on the ground
that Pears have shorter seasons than Apples, especially
the early sorts, and that therefore many of these use-
ful kinds would remain unrepresented. That diffi-
culty, however, might be overcome by starting the
exhibition at a somewhat earlier period and by keep-
ing it open for, say, six weeks, the earlier kinds bein g
removed at the end ol a fortnight, to be replaced with
the mid-:eason kinds, and these again to be followed
by the late keepers. As in the case of Pears merit is
so much contingent upon flavour and delicacy of flesh,
that full permission should be given that samples might
be tasted by the committee. These suggestions will no
doubt receive due weit;ht when the proper time arrives.
In the meantime it is not possible to omit notice of the
unquestioned fact, that the grand summer weal her of
July and August, allied to the truly warm and delight-
ful autumn we have been enjoying, have tended to pro-
duce on all our fruit trees — present heavily laden
Apple trees alone excepted — a show of fruiting-buds
that has rarely been excelled. Pears, especially, are in
that respect in grand form, the buds big, firm, and
well ripened, so that barring accidents, which are
only too likely to occur, the coming year may be
looked for as a Pear season par excdhnce. If we
get plenty of Pears we are almost certain to get an
abundance of other fruits ; and but half a crop of
Apples, if of fine quality, will be a grand crop none
the less. We, therefore, look hopefully for the fruit
crop of 18S4.
Single Dahlias. — What a charming lot of
these Mr. T. S. Ware, of Tottenham, staged in
the conservatory at South Kensington last week !
There were something like fifty bunches, nearly, if
not quite distinct, and they were most effective even
under the sombre aspect of a dull October day.
The following varieties, mainly new, can clearly lay
claim to novelty and distinctness : — George Clarke,
maroon, with side margins of magenta, of the type of
Paragon, and very pleasing ; In Memoriam, magenta,
with dashes of crimson-maroon ; H. W. Petitt, crim-
son, with side margins of delicate lilac, distinct, and
very pretty ; Beacon, rich crimson, very striking and
fine in colour ; Cherry, having a ring of cherry-ruby
round the centre, the petals finished off with a deep
edging of pinkish-lilac ; Mrs, Burbidge, deep purple,
very rich in colour, and extra fine ; Victory, pure
white, a seedling from White Queen, but with stouter
petals and better form ; Highland Chief, pale buff-
brown, flushed with pink, very distinct and pleasing ;
Mrs. Castle, intense lake, with slight tips of magenta,
novel and distinct ; Beauty of Uplands, pale red,
tipped with yellow, and with a golden zone round
the centre ; Silver King, orange-cinnamon, flushed
with silver, and distinctly edged with pale yellow ;
and Freedom, deep bright orange-scarlet, one of the
small-flowered type, and very promising. But all
were fine throughout, and this fine collection com-
manded universal admiration.
Hardy Flowers in the Cambridge
Botanic Garden for the most part show plainly
that the late weather has been distressing to them, but
it cannot be said of Sternbergia lutea var. angustitolia,
Tritonia crocata, the Asters mentioned in another
paragraph, Phygelius capensis, and Zauschneria
californica, which flower amid the gloom as brightly
as possible. Between the Sternbergia just mentioned
and the proper S. lutea there is a great difference, as
the former blooms most profusely, while it is rather
uncommon to see a flower on the latter. The
Zauschneria holds its own in a dry place where
scarcely anything else would grow.
Perennial Asters. — Messrs. H. Cannell
& Sons, of Swanley, as well as Mr. T. S. Ware,
did good service in bringing representative bunches
of some of the best of these to the last meeting of the
Royal Horticultural Society. Messrs. Cannell &
Sons' exhibit was particularly good, and comprised
such fine forms as Novae-Belgii, mauve-purple, large
and fine ; Amellus major, clear mauve, very pretty ;
Formosissima, pale mauve ; Icevigatus, delicate lilac ;
Lcevis, delicate mauve, very pleasing ; longifolius
formosus, soft rosy-pink, very pretty ; Novce-Anglice
pulchellus, rosy-pink, very pretty and distinct ; poly-
phyllus, white, tinted lilac with age ; and ericoides,
small, white, very free. In Mr. Ware's collection
Amellus bessarabicus, deep mauve-purple, represented
the deepest coloured of all.
Dwarf French Marigolds. — Whether
the fine and useful types of dwarf Marigolds shown
byMr, R. Dean, of Ealing, lately, will induce
people to attempt their culture in pots for flowering
in late autumn remains to be seen. But they are
exceedingly bright and effective in the open ground,
and any one who maybe disposed to try them in beds
will find them remarkably enduring. They are the
result of not a few years' careful selection, and it is
something to find the tall-growing striped French
Marigolds of old reduced to a height of from 12 to 15
inches, and with a remarkably close and compact
habit of growth — and such flowers, too I The striped
forms appeared to be as perfect as one could well
desire to see them.
The Serra da Estrella. — The botany of
this range, which stretches across Portugal obliquely,
from south-west at Lisbon to north-west on the
Douro, has lately been investigated by Professor
Henriouez, under the auspices of the Geographical
Society of Lisbon. Unfortunately the report is
written in Portuguese, but we gather that it contains
an historical sketch of the botany of the country,
followed by an account of the botanical regions of the
Serra — six in number; the total number of species being
twenty-six Ferns and higher Cryptogams, four Gymno-
sperms, 271 Monocotyledons, and 932 Dicotyledons.
The detailed catalogue of species is in Latin, and
comprises the name, the locality, collector's name,
and general area of distribution. The six botanical
regions are as follows : — The lowest, up to a heigth of
400 metres, characterised by the growth of Agave
americana. Orange and Opuntia ; the second, froni 400
to 800 metres, in which Pinus Pinea, P. Pinaster,
and the Sweet Chestnut are the characteristic trees ;
the third region extends from an altitude of Soo
metres to one of 1500. Potatos and Maize are
cultivated as high as 1000 metres. Rye extends
to 1500 metres, and this, too, is given as the
limit of Pteris aquilina. The fourth region extends
from 1500 metres to over 1700. This is the region
of Heaths, E. arborea, lusitanica, &c. The trees are
Birch, Holly, and dwarl Junipers. In the fifth region,
from 1750 to 1S50 metres, Juniperus nana is still
found. The highest region, from 1850 to nearly
2000 metres, is characterised by the entire absence of
arborescent vegetation. Genista Eoissieri grows in
this region, as well as numerous cellular Cryptogams.
Of all the species enumerated, seven are exclusively
Portuguese, eighty-four Peninsula, ninety-eight Medi-
terranean, and 1036 of general European distri-
bution.
Michaelmas Daisies. — Among the best
Asters flowering in the Cambridge Botanic Garden are
the following : — Aster Chapmani, of loose habit, but
good, 4 feet high, with pale lilac flowers-heads, an
inch across ; A. sparsiflorus, with immensely profuse
flowers of pale lilac colour, rather small, being only
three-eighths of an inch across, height about 3 feet ;
A. puniceus, about 4*; feet high, with rosy-lilac
flowers an inch across ; A. miser, bright, with multi-
tudes of tiny white-rayed flower-heads, with wine-
purple centre florets, in racemose branches, height
about 2-!, feet ; A. Reevesi, of dwarf habit and wiry
stemmed, bearing a fair profusion of white flowers ; A.
duraosus, less than a foot high, forming quite a hum-
mock of rosy-lilac flowers, through which scarcely
any foliage can be seen ; A. Amellus, one of the best
of all, with blue-purple flowers, 2 feet high ; a kind
called A. amethystmus, of blue colour, about 1^ foot
high ; the varieties of NovEE-Anglire, and some of A.
Novce-Belgii, to which may be added some fine kinds
without names.
Tritoma uvaria from Seed. — Noticing a
very fine and effective batch ofplantsinMessrs. Sutton
& Sons' nursery at Reading, a short time since, we
were informed that they had been raised from seed ;
and that the plants grow into great size and flower
freely the second year. In the case of this particular
batch of plants the seed from which they were raised
was sown in January in strong heat, and when the
plants are large enough they are pricked off four or
five plants in a 4i-inch pot ; here they remain all the
winter, being kept in a cold frame away from frost,
and they are then planted-out in a well prepared bed,
where they come into flower in September. In this
way a large supply of plants can be obtained in a
comparatively short time. It is obvious that such a
strong growing plant requires a deeply dug and sub-
stantial soil in which to bring it to perfection.
Delphinium nudicaule. — The remark is
often made that gardeners do not succeed with this
interesting perennial Larkspur. Plants are raised
from seeds, put out in the open ground, where they
flower ; they are left there during the winter, and in the
following spring it is found that many of them have dis-
appeared. If any one will examine a root of Delphi-
nium nudicaule he will find that if the roots are
somewhat slight, and not of a character to fasten
themselves deeply into the soil, during winter they
are loosened by frost, and lifted out of the ground by
sweeping winds. It is a plant that will not live in
heavy soil or in bad weather. The btst thing to do
is to lift the roots in autumn, preserve them through
the winter in sand, and plant out in spring ; or, better
still, start the plants into growth in pots, grow t^em
on a bit, and then plant out in the propsr season in a
prepared bed of light rich soil.
Cotg«\'easter congesta. — Thjs, as seen at
the Chiswick Gardens, makesacapital plant forclothing
rockwork. It requires to be planted in a position
slightly elevated, when it can fall dawn over a face of
stone, to which it will cling with singular persistency,
it is of a very dense growth, and being evergreen,
its value is greatly enhanced,
St. Helena. — The authorities of the Colonial
Office are to be congratulated upon a plan they have
lately adopted, of sending specialists to various
colonies with a view to affording the residents in-
formation in cultural matters^ Mr. Morris, after doing
good service in Ceylon, was drafted off to Jamaica,
where he still holds the post of Director of P-ublic
Gardens and Plantations, and latterly he has been
despatched to St- Helena to report on the agricultural
capabilities of the island. Mr. MOBRIS, amoi^ other
things, recommends the culture in that island of Four-
croya gigantea for the sake of t-he fibre p^duced by
its leaves, which is worth, when prepared, about
;^37 per ton. The plant grows luxuriantly ip wild
rocky parts of the island ; its cultivation, th,erefore,
need not encroach upon the more valuable parts. Aloe
vulgaris, which also grows plentifully in waste ground
in the island, might be utilised for the supply of bitter
Aloes. The soil and climate of the island are
adapted for the culture of Coffcgj Tobacco, Oranges,
October 20, 1883
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE-
503
Sorghums, Carob tree (Ceratonia Siliqua), The
introduction of the Guango {Inga Saman) was recom-
mended, for the sake of the nutritious fruit, said to be
the basis of " Thorley's Food for Cattle." The
Cushaw (Prosopis juliflora) is so valuable in times of
drought that Mr. Morris recommended its intro-
duction into St. Helena. The visit of Mr. Morris
is the direct result of those efforts to promote the
practical application of botany in the colonies which
were made by the late Sir WilhaiM Hooker, and
which have been continued with such signal success
by his son and successor, Sir Joseph Hooker,
Ai'PLES AND Pears. — A correspondent sends
us some deformed fruit of General Todtleben Pear with
the information that a particular tree always produces
these malformed fruits. Instead of the ordinary large
turbinate fruit cylindrical or club-shaped abortions are
produced. On cutting them across the cause of the
deformity is easily seen to be that the fruit has never
properly set. The fruit, in popular language, of the
Pear and Apple is botanically no fruit at all, but only
the swollen end of the fruit-stalk in which is embedded
the "core," which, botanically speaking, is the true
fruit. Now in the samples before us the fruit has not
been formed, or at any rate it has not ripened, and
we have, in consequence, merely the club-shaped end
of the stalk without any core at all, thus bearing
out the correctness of the botanist's views. The suc-
culence has developed to a certain extent, but has
stopped at a certain point, producing the deformity
in question. Probably many have dropped off be-
fore arriving even at this stage. Possibly the
club-shaped specimens, having already arrived at a
good size, would ripen and prove of equally
good flavour as the more perfect samples ; but as such
imperfect specimens are obviously undesirable, it
might be well in the case of trees known to be prone
to this defect to secure proper fertilisation by arti-
ficial means at the blossoming period. It may
happen, however, that the pollen is in these cases
deficient in quantity or quality. This is a matter to
be ascertained when the tree is in bloom, and if this
be found to be the case, then it would be well to
destroy the tree, and avoid propagating from it. It
may, however, be a reversion to a dioecious condition,
where the sexes are separate— a common condition
in the order — and then the indication for the prac-
tical man would be to secure fertilisation by using the
pollen of some other plant of the same, or even, it
might be, of some other variety.
Aerus precatorius.— Many of our readers
must be familiar with the small glistening seeds, scarlet
at one end and black at the other, used as necklaces,
and stated to be used in India as diamond weights
(carats). Of late a preparation made from these
seeds has been used in certain cases of inflammation
of the eye and eyelids. Baron Von Mueller,
writing on the subject in the Australian Medical
GazsUc says : —
"The leguminous climber, Abrus precatorius, though
only now brought into notice as an important medicinal
plant, was descriptively rendered known by Dr. Leonh AKD
Kai;\volf, who travelled from 1573 — 1575 in Arabia,
Syria, and some adjoining countries, and who published
a work on these journeys in r582 (Bcschrcibung der
Jieisi in die Morgodaeiidcr) ; in the fourth part ol this
publication the Abrus occurs first under that name,
together with a woodcut of the plant. Rauwolf was
medical officer (Physicus) of the town of Augsburg, and
it reflects credit on Bavaria, that fully 300 years ago
some legal control was exercised over the practice
of medicine. Ol the various plants discovered by
Rauwolf, and noticed in his work, about 200 speci-
mens, nicely glued down on paper (the Abrus among
them), are siiU preserved — as one of the earliest of any
herbaria — in Leyden. Allusion to this plant is made
by Gesner and De l'Lobel even somewhat earlier, but
under different names. The specific appellation was
given by LlNNli in 1767. The Abrus precatorius ranges
widely through the tropical regions as well of the
eastern as of the western hemisphere, reaching extra-
tropical latitudes in China and Natal. As Austrahan,
we know the plant from various places of Queensland,
and I saw it also on the litoral regions of North
Australia. Captain Dami'IER, when exploring on
our north-western coast as long ago as 1699, noted
the Abrus as occurring also in the Archipelago which
bears his name. The beauty of the seeds, which
suggested the generic appellation (Greek adros, splen-
did), is not always of the normal scarlet with a black
base, as they occur occasionally white with a black
spot, or whitish, or quite black. The use of the seeds
for rosaries in some of the churches of South America
gave rise to the specific name. The only allusion to the
medicinal value of the seeds, so far as I ain aware, is in
Dr. Uoskntmal's Synopsis Plantarum Diaplioricaruiii,
p. ro22 (published 1862), where it is simply slated that
they are employed in diseases of the eyes ; but he adds
that their internal use produces anguish, oppression,
and spasm. Possibly this information may have been
obtained from Martius" Specimen Materitv Mediccs
lirasilicnsis, issued in r824. The foliage and root con-
tain a sweetish principle, which is alluded to at p. 94 of
my enlarged linglish edition of Wettstein's Organic
Constitnents of Plants : but neither this nor the active
ingredient of the seeds have hitherto undergone accurate
chemical examination."
PiNUS Banksiana. — In the July number of
the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (p. 8i),
Mr. N. L. Britton calls attention to the fact that
botanical writers have commonly understated the
size of Banks' Pine (Pinus Banksiana, Lambert),
Gray describing it as " a straggling shrub or low
tree," and other authors giving its maximum height at
from 20 to 40 feet. Mr. Bkitton then states that he
has found trees, in the vicinity of Marquette, on Lake
Superior, that measured 70 feet in height ; but he
overlooks the detailed observations of Mr. Bell, who
tells us that on the southern branches of Albany
River, south-west of Hudson's Bay, he saw "large
groves of these trees about 70 feet in height and 2 feet
in diameter at butt, with straight trunks nearly free
from branches for the first 20 or 30 feet." I have
myself seen Banks' Pine growing in abundance at
various places along the lower River and Gulf of St,
Lawrence, and at Newfoundland ; and have found
many trees at Godbout and Seven Islands that were
upwards of 50 feet in height, and some that exceeded
60 feet. In the province of (,>uebec it is largely used
for firewood, and along the north shore of the river
it has become an article of commerce of no inconsi-
derable value, thousands of cords being shipped
annually to Quebec. It is here called "Cypress"!
In our manuals the species is commonly, though very
improperly, termed the " Northern Scrub Pine." Its
habitat is in the far North, where it attains its maxi-
mum development, constituting one of the larger
forest trees. Only beyond the limits of its proper
range does it occur as " a straggling shrub," or merit
the appellation of "scrubby." Mr. J. A. .Vllen, in
treating of the correlation of size with geographical
distribution in mammals, has tersely formulated the
following law, which is as strikingly applicable in the
present case as in any member of the group for which
it was particularly framed : — " The maximum physical
development of the individual is attained where the
conditions of environment are most favourable to the
life of the species. Species being primarily limited
in their distribution by climatic conditions, their
representatives living at or near either of their respec-
tive latitudinal boundaries are more or less unfavour-
ably affected by the influences that finally limit the
range of the species." C. diari Merriam.
EucoMis PUNCTATA. — A bulbous plant
often met with in old-fashioned gardens or in places
where the love of novelty has not quite banished many
old worthies from cultivation. There is nothing
showy in flower or foliage, and it has nothing more
than its quaint colouring to recommend it, beyond
the ease with which it may be grown. The flower-
stalk is cylindrical, and spotted with black, and will
reach the height of 3 feet in strong specimens. The
foliage, which is nearly i foot long and 2 inches in
width, is spotted with black likewise. The flowers,
which are greenish-white, edged with brown, are
arranged in a spike, as in a Hyacinth, and appear in
summer and autumn. There is a variety of punctata
named striata, so-called from its having purple spots
arranged in bands on the under-side of the leaf, but
differing in no other respect from the type. Some
cultivators take the bulbs out of the pots after the
plant has flowered and dry them thoroughly for a
week in a shady but airy place ; still, this does not
seem to be essential to their flowering, as I found
they did quite as well by withholding water for four
or five weeks previous to repotting them. For potting,
good sound loam, with a fair proportion of sharp sand,
should be used, and merely a slight addition of manure
or leaf-mould ; but this is not requisite if the loam is
from the top-spit of pasture-land. The bulbs are better
planted six in a 24 or four in a 32-sized pot, keeping
them a good distance apart, and with the neck just
out of the mould. But little water is necessary till
the roots have begun to move, and the plant has made
some leaf progress, which under greenhouse treatment
will be in early spring ; the plants must then have the
benefit of full light and sun, with abundant ventila-
tion when the weather is mild. They will require
more and more water as the pots fill with roots, and
in full growth in dry weather copious waterings will
tje requisite. It is not advisable to place the plants
in the greenhouse or cold pit directly they arc re-
potted, but they may stand on a dry bottom of cinders
till danger from early frost approaches. There is
another species named purpureocaulis, which has
large spatulate foliage, a short club formed flower-
spike, and greenish flowers, the leaves that grow on
the apex of the flower-shaft being purple edged wiih
green— hence the name. The flowers in this kind
appear in March and April. The plant is not so
desirable a one to grow as punctata. The two first-
named kinds are worthy of a place in lists of plants
suitable for cultivation in windows or rooms, for
which purpose they lend themselves if the undue for-
warding of the growth during the winter months can
be hindered. The plants should not receive a higher
temperature then than 40° to 45°.
What is Distinctness ?— The wording of
prize schedules so as to prevent all possible misappre-
hension as to their meaning, seems still to be a matter
of difficulty. The dissatisfaction that arises when the
judges' reading of the words of a schedule literally dis-
qualifies a competitor who has read them perhaps
figuratively, and who therefore feels wronged, leads to
no end of bickering and ill-feeling. The fault usually
lies with the framers of schedules, because they em-
ploy words that admit of various interpretations. In all
well ordered schedules it is the rule to use the word
" distinct " only, and nothing more, when any one
kind of plant, fruit, or vegetable is referred to. As
this :— Twelve Roses, distinct ; or twelve dishes of
Potatos, distinct ; or twelve Fuchsias, distinct, or,
to adopt the language of the Auricula Society,
"dissimilar." When, however, a collection of several
diverse things is invited then the simple word " kind "
is generally found to sufficiently explain it. Thus
twelve vegetables, distinct kinds, is held to mean what
it says, and not that two varieties or sorts of one kind
are asked for ; the word "sort " should be excluded
entirely as open to various interpretations, but whilst
the word "kind " is always held to convey the greatest
distinctness, the term "variety" is held to mean
diverse sorts of any one kinds, such as varieties of
Potatos, Apples, Grapes, &c. Twelve "sorts" of
vegetables, for instance, is wording that may admit of
any interpretation, but twelve "kinds" is clear and
precise. Surely, if a little common sense were
exercised in the wording of schedule controversies need
not arise. The term "species" is one that has occasion
very rarely to appear in flower showjschedules— which
is fortunate, for no one could define the term to
salis'y all parties.
The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Oct. 15, issued by the Meteorological
Oflice, London : — The weather has been cloudy or
dull in all districts. During the earlier days ol the
period fog was rather prevalent over England, but as
the week progressed squalls and heavy rains were
experienced in all parts of our islands. The tempe-
rature has been about equal to the mean in "Eng-
land, S.W.," and "Ireland, N.," but a little above it
in all other districts. The maxima, which were
registered on the gth in Scotland and on the 14th in
England, varied from 68° in " England, N.E.," and
67° in " Scotland, E.," to 61" in " England, N.W.,"
and " Scotland, W." The minima were generally
recorded on the 12th or 13th, and ranged from 40°
in "England, S.," and 38° in " England, E.," and
" England, S.W.," to 31° in " Ireland, N,," and 30°
in "Scotland, E," and "England, N.E." The
rainfall has been less than the mean over the North
of England, and about equal to its normal amount in
" England, li.," but more in all other districts.
Bright sunshine percentages, which show a consider-
able decrease in nearly all places, ranged from 12 in
" Ireland, N.," to 32 in " England, S." Depressions
observed :— During the first few days of this period
barometric pressure over our islands was uniform and
comparatively high, while some depressions were
travelling in an easterly direction far to the north-
ward. By 8 A.M. on the I3'.h, however, the barometer
had fallen very briskly in Ireland and Scotland, while
it had risen quickly, and was highest in Sweden.
From this date until the close of the period rather
deep depressions skirted our western and northern
coasts, some subsidiary disturbances at the same time
passing across England. The wind, which was at
first light and very variable, subsequently blew from
the southward or south-westward in all districts,
reaching the force of a gale in some parts of Ireland
and Scotland on the 13th, and a fresh to whole gale
on nearly all our coasts during the 15th.
504
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 1883.
J4ojVIZ ;pORREgPOJ^DZJMCE:.
White Czar Violet.— During the last two years
we have been very much puzzled with our White
Czar Violets. Sometimes a whole bed will produce
every flower purple, and no trace of white will be
visible, while in other seasons it will turn back to its
proper colour. Just now it is throwing up a fair
quantity of white blooms, but both last and the
previous autumn we took out what we thought the
rogues, but at last all were rogues, and we were
compelled — notwithstanding our previously held con-
victions that such a thing could not be— to admit
that this variety, the best of all single white Violets,
does at different seasons change colour. We should be
glad to hear if the same freak has occurred in other
places. H. Cannell 6^ Sons^ Stvaniey,
Prunus Pissardi. — Having grown it, we can
corroborate all that has been said by your correspond-
ents in favour of this newly introduced, and as yet
rather rare, ornamental tree. Its foliage is as striking
in colour as that of Acer polymorphum atro-purpureum.
It may interest *' G. N." and other of your readers to
know that it succeeds well, growing vigorously so far
North as this. W. P, L aird ^ Sinclair^ Monifieth
Nurseries^ Forfarshire^ N'.B,
Chrysanthemums Flowering Early. — These
are certainly more forward than we ever remember at
this season, and many varieties that are usually shown
in competitions will be past their best before the shows.
We would advise that the later kinds should receive
every attention, for, depend upon it, we shall see
more of the late sorts than usual this season. The
dry sunny summer ripened the wood weeks before the
usual time ; this, together with the mild growing
autumn, promises to make the bloom both very fine
and early, and those who wish to retard their growth
should adopt every means to do so. The following
is a list of the varieties that are in flower now ; —
Japanese: Lady Selborne, white; Souvenir
d'Amelie, white and rose-violet ; Lord Beaconsfield,
salmon- red and amber-yellow; Mdlle. Louise Sabatie,
violet-rose, shaded white ; Early Red Dragon,
deep crimson, golden tips ; M. Delaux, reddish-
crimson ; Mr. J. Starling, rosy-lilac, shaded white ;
Chang, dark orange-red ; Gloire Rayonnante, rose,
shaded lilac ; Red Indian, red ; Riche Bouquet,
white, lilac and rose ; La Charmeuse, rich purple,
tipped white ; Rose Mignonne, soft rose, stiiped
white; M. E. Pourquie, reddish-brown; Mdme. E.
Rendatler, nankeen-yellow, shaded rose ; James
Salter, clear lilac ; M. Richard Larios, dark ru^e
and bright violet ; L'lsle des Plaisirs, brownish-
crimson ; Progres Toulousain, reddish-crimson ;
Belle Gabrielle, deep rosy-violet ; Boule d'Argent,
purple-amaranth ; Souvenir de la Reine Marie, rosy-
violet ; R. Ballantine, rich carmine, bishop's violet ;
Jane Salter, white, striped rosy-lilac ; Chinaman,
violet-purple ; Constance, deep crimson ; La Bien
Aimee, white, tinted lilac ; Nuit d'Hiver, bronze,
tinted brown ; Soleil Levant, canary-yellow ; Source
d'Or, orange and shaded yellow ; M. Planchenan,
mauve, shaded rose and silver ; Alexandre Dufour,
bordering on bishop's violet, very early. Hybrid
Pompons: Golden Trevenna, yellow; White Tre-
venna, white ; Rose Trevenna, rose ; Autumnum,
buff. Incurved: Mr. Bunn, golden colour; Mr.
Geo. Glenny, straw colour ; Novelty, blush. H.
Cannel ^ Sons,
Sun Shades. — Having found the webbing sold for
shading glass-houses very troublesome, owing to the
constant giving way of some portion of its attach-
ment from the weight of the pole, notwithstanding
that this weight was taken off^ by strong broad tapes,
I was at a loss what to use. A friend recommended
light cotton canvas, and it may, perhaps, interest some
of your readers to know that this fabric answers
admirably. It is more flexible, softer, and not so
heavy as the ordinary sail canvas, at the same time it
possesses the requisite strength. H. E, C, Liverpool,
Ranunculuses in Pots. — A Chislehurst corre-
spondent asks, if there is any reason why Ranunculuses
may not be grown fairly well in pots, to which we reply,
*' No " ; but if required to do so it is advisable for
that purpose to select the very strongest roots, so that
evenness of growth and bloom may be secured ;
6-inch or 8-inch pots are equally useful, and these
should be perfectly clean. As the Ranunculus is very
chary of moisture the pots should be well drained
with not less than i inch thickness of broken rubble,
over which should be laid a thin piece of moss to
keep the soil from washing into and choking the
drainage. The compost or soil to be good should
consist of two-thirds moist turfy loam and the re-
maining portion made up of thoroughly rotted manure
and sharp white sand. Fill the pot with this com-
post to within I inch of the top, pressing it gently
down, and then place the selected roots on it, using
five for 6-inch pots and eight roots for the larger size.
Sprinkle some dry sand about the crowns, and then
fill up with fine soil, gently pressing it down, and
leaving sufficient depth of rim of pot to hold water,
but not a great deal If there be no room to stand the
pots where frost cannot be excluded, we should prefer
not to plant till February ; but if a light, heated
greenhouse is at disposal some roots may be potted
now, and others at intervals through the winter.
The chief drawback Ranunculuses, Anemones, and
similar roots have to encounter when grown in pots is
the tendency of the leaves and flower-stalks to draw
and lengthen. That can only be met by keeping the
pots very near the glass and giving plenty of air. A
good collection of Ranunculuses well grown in pots
would make a charming novelty. Ed.
Celosia pyramidalis. — For summer and autumn
blooming the three varieties, C. aurea, C. coccinea,
and C. plumosa, are all well worthy of extensive cul-
tivation ; and by sowing the seed, say, at four dif-
ferent times a succession can be kept up from the
beginning of June till the end of November, or even
till Christmas, if required. Either for cutting or for
greenhouse and conservatory decoration they make a
grand display, when grown in 8 or 9-inch pots, three
plants in a pot. When about i foot high the points
should be pinched out, when they will branch out and
give some most useful stuff for cutting and moving in
amongst other cut flowers. They require a good
strong compost, such as good loam and leaf-mould,
with a good sprinkling of horse-droppings, a sufficient
quantity of sand to keep the whole in growing condi-
tion, and they require to be frequently syringed over-
head to keep down insects. R, M.
Malformed Tomatos. — The flowers of the
Tomato are very subject to various deformities, gener-
FlG. 82. — A MALFORMED TOMATO.
ally consisting in an increased number of parts, or of
the union of two or more flowers at an early stage of
growth. The consequences of these deformities are
seen in the irregular mis-shapen fruits which are so
common. In the case now before us, a double row of
carpels has been formed one above the other — a con-
dition sometimes referred to median prolification of
the fruit, but more simply to a mere increase in the
number of the carpels. In the present case (fig. 82)
the supplementary carpels have burst through the
older ones, and appear as a ring at the top of the
fruit.
Variously-coloured Hydrangeas. — Under cer-
tain circumstances the flowers of the Hydrangea
turn quite blue, others partly blue and partly the
normal colour. The cause of this change has pro-
duced great diversity of opinion, but it is generally
supposed to be the result of growing this plant on
certain classes of peat earth, or where aluminous
salts are present in excessive quantity in the soil.
We have also learned on good authority that water-
ing with alum-water during summer will cause
the succeeding flowers to become blue. It is also a
singular fact that the flowers on the same plant are
frequently pink, blue, or of a creamy-white colour,
and on some occasions we have noticed a single fiower-
truss composed of two distinct colours. This seems to
be a peculiar feature of the Hydrangea, that has been
noticed and commented upon ever since its introduc-
tion in 17S8. Hundreds of these plants occupy pro-
minent positions alongside the walks and drives in the
park here, and it is curious to note the lovely pink
of one clump, while within a few yards those of
another are of a deep azure-blue. Even in the
nursery lines, under apparently similar circumstances
as regards soil, there is frequently a marked difference
as regards colour, pink and blue flowered plants
frequently growing side by side. After carefully
watching this plant for a number of years, I have
come to the conclusion that the blue colour is but
natural, and not the result of any particular soil or
mode of cultivation. I may be wrong, as difference
in soil is said to change the colour in case of bushes
of wholly different tints ; and this may be so, but I
would be glad to know what causes flowers of all
colours to come on the same bush, and even on the
same truss of bloom. Shade has nothing whatever
to do with the colour of flowers, and in the case of
your correspondent the white-flowered plant would in
time have changed to its original pink colour whether
the Vine leaves had been removed or not. It should
be remembered that the Hydrangea is, at different
stages of growth, of different colours. A, D, Webster^
Penrhyn Castle, North Wales.
Darlingtonia californica— I read with interest
the remarks of "J. D." at p. 440. Pitchers 3 feet
long ! That is very large. Our Darlingtonias are
known to be the best in Germany, but they do not
exceed 2 feet 3 inches in length. We grow them in
a cold frame in a southerly aspect, give them a light,
porous, turfy soil, and, especially during the summer
time, plenty of water. During spring we keep them
somewhat shaded, close, and warm, to cause the
pitchers to come up quickly. Later on we harden
them off, so that we can grow them without the pro-
tection of lights, and almost without shading during
July, August, and September. The plants remain in
this pit throughout the year, the temperature in
winter being kept just above the freezing-point, though
2° or 3° of frost do not harm the plants. In the same
pit we grow Cephalotus follicularis, Diongea Musci-
puia, different Sarracenias, &c., all of them feeling
quite at home. Cephalotus is removed to a tem-
perate-house during winter. C Wissenbach^ Royal
Gardens^ Wilhebnshohe, near Cassel^ Germany,
Diseased Conifer. — I enclose a small branch
taken from a young tree of Pinus calabrica about 15
feet high, and growing singly on the margin of a
carriage drive, showing the disfiguration of a part of
its foliage from some unknown cause. It was first
observed on a few of the under branches on one side
only, and the same on another tree near it, also fully
exposed, the sort being Pinus Laricio, three years ago;
but little notice was then taken of it, thinking it might
proceed from the severity of the frost the previous
winter, when the mercury fell to zero. The second,
however, it increased considerably, while this year
they are nearly alike from top to bottom, which gives
the trees an unsightly and an unhealthy appearance.
The dying back of a part of the needle-like foliage
seems to take place after the growth has been fully
developed, as the withered full-lengthed and full-sized
growth will show. No insect of any kind has been
observed. The most striking part of the affair is that
only one of the leaves, which are in pairs, is affected,
and dies partly, and some wholly back, while the
other remains healthy and green. I shall be glad to
have an opinion as to the cause. A number of other
kinds of Conifers on the same drive are perfectly
healthy, soil and situation being about the same.
yohn Webster, Gordon Castle Gardens, Oct. l6. [A
very singular case, for which we are quite at a loss
to account. The leaves die off^ mostly from above
downwards, the base being healthy. In some cases,
however, the disease shows itself in the middle of the
leaf. Although, as our correspondent states, as a rule
only one leaf in each pair is affected, yet occasionally
both are diseased. We can trace neither insect nor
fungus. The appearance is hke that produced by
some noxious gas, but the partial nature of the injury
precludes the supposition that this is the cause of the
mischief. What is the condition of the roots ? Is
there any fungus-spawn in the soil ? Ed.]
Colletia horrida. — It may be interesting to ad-
mirers of curious plants to know that Colletia horrida
proves to be quite hardy in the garden here. It was
planted some six years since against a wall, and this
season's growth is much more vigorous than that of
former times. The shoot just completed measures
13 ;inches long. It does not receive the least pro-
tection, and is simply planted in garden soil, which
has a liberal mixture of lime. The acids and smoke
in the air of this neighbourhood do not appear to
injure it in the least. Branches of former years still
retain their dark greenness : only those round the base
of the plant showing the least sign of becoming dis-
figured by turning brown. A. E. Ratcliff^ Calthorpe
Road, Edgbaston. [It was killed near London after
the winter of 1881. Ed.]
Conna Hill, — We have read with much interest
the account, by Mr. J. Douglas, in the Gardeners'
Chronicle of October 6, of our old friend's garden at
Old Conna Hill, Bray. As his remarks upon Poly-
podium v. cornubiense, Fowler, may be construed
into a reflection upon our good faith, we trust you
will allow us space for a short statement of the facts
in regard to this plant. Mr. Douglas nifers from its
abundance at Old Conna Hill, that it is not a new
form, although exhibited and certificated as such last
OCTOHF.K 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
505
year. The fact is that all the plants in existence of
this form (including those of Mr. Riall), have been
sent out by us within the last three years. Mr.
Douglas is right in saying there are two forms,
one finer than the other, of P. cornubiense, but only
one of these (the finer one) is Fowler's variety.
The coarser one is P. cornubiense of Moore (called
also elegantissimuni), which was sent out by our late
father's firm from Todmorden many years ago. The
newer and finer form was raised from spores by the
late George Fowler of Brierfield, near Burnley, from
whose executors we purchased the whole stock three
years ago. We sent it out, not as a new variety, but
as a new strain of the old cornubiense, and for this
reason we did not alter the name cornubiense,
but simply added the raiser's name to distinguish it
from the older form. F. W. ^ H, Stansficld^
Nurseries, Sa/e, near Manchester^
Carnation Louisa Ashburton. — At the Ford
Nursery, near Salisbury, Messrs. Cross & Steer have
raised from seed a pure white fimbriated. Clove-
scented, perpetual flowering Tree Carnation, of
great beauty. A low span-roofed house now con-
tains about a thousand plants in 5-inch pots which
were propagated in the spring and remained out-
of-doors till the middle of September. At the
present time they are about 18 inches in height,
and bear from three to five expanded and partially
expanded blooms, the former measuring fully 3 inches
in diameter. From every joint along the stem pro-
ceed numerous young growths each of which bears
flower-buds in varied stages of development. The
foliage is fresh in colour, rather narrow, and parti-
cularly neat and elegant, resembling a Pink rather
than a Carnation in texture and fineness. As an
autumn and winter flowering plant suitable for home
decoration and for market it must undoubtedly soon
obtain a pre-eminent position. At the time of my
visit a few days ago the effect produced by the
numerous superb, delicate yet delicious flowers of this
the purest gem amongst perpetual flowering Tree
Carnations, was perfectly unique. T. C/iallis,
The Winter Treatment of Gladioli. — The
time for the lifting of the choicer hybrids of G. gan-
davensis will soon come, and as I maintain that the
perfecting of the ripening process should then be
completed, the winter treatment should be considered
from that standpoint. I should like if Mr. Douglas
(viiie p. 430) would permit me to say, from many
years* experience, and with some of the finest varie-
ties, I wholly differ from his practice of "cutting the
plants over close to the crown of the bulbs at once."
This would defeat my object — the completing of the
ripening process. Why, some of my best, as Duchess
of Edinburgh, Democedes, Electra, and James
Mcintosh, are only commencing to bloom. My plan,
as often stated, is to lift before December, ripe or
not, leave the stems attached and labels, place stand-
ing upright in a dry loft, airy, surrounding with moist
river sand — I mean the corms — and then allow stems,
corms and sand to slowly dry out. I never lose one.
IV. J. Murphy, ClonmeU
Carnations and Pansies at Pilrig Park Nur-
sery, Edinburgh.— Carnation Belle Haliiday is one
of the best introductions at Pilrig Park this season.
It is bright clear yellow, and blossoms profusely.
Amongst good kinds grown here are Dominie Samp-
son, Heaton Hall, Hindoo, deep red ; Purple Gem,
Gog, Albert, Cremorne, purple ; Fire Eater, Con-
stance, Marshal, Coroner, scarlet ; Bridesmaid, Miss
Wyatt, white ; Adonis, crimson flaked ; Eurydice
and Prince Hal, purple flaked ; Lord Stamford,
white, striped rose ; Morning Star, rose-edged
Picotee ; and the well known Picotee Red Braes, one
of the most vigorous and easily grown. Though
too late in the season to see Scotch Pansies in full
beauty the following are especially good kinds : —
Earl of Beaconsfield, pale yellow and black ; there is
another Pansy in cultivation under the same name,
and also a good kind, the flower of which is purple ;
Mrs. Jamieson, Mrs. Douglas, Mrs. Tinley, Joan
Young, Prizetaker, Garnet, Hugh Clarke, James
Gardener, Mrs. Mitchell, President Kirkman, and
Mrs. W. H. Miller. Pinks are made a speciality in
this nursery, and the many good kinds raised here
are a valuable addition to hardy plants, and very
easily grown if a good supply of young plants is kept
up by layers or cuttings. There is a very large stock
of these beautiful summer flowers, containing both
old and new kinds. C M. 0.
Boltonia indica and Aster japonicus (see p.
375). — The plants known under these names are so
distinct that they cannot be regarded as one — at any
rate for garden purposes. I have the first, and have
seen the second (Mr. Wolley Dod's plant), and believe
that, under all circumstances of cultivation, they
would remain distinct and distinguishable. My
opinion is that they would not occur as forms of seed-
ling variation, though Asters are very variable from
seed, as shown by an instance in A, Townshendi,
lately sent me by Mr. Wolley Dod. While bearing
in mind what Asters are, I look upon these as belong-
ing to distinct species, and Mr. Brown allows that
it may be the correct view. I am not, however, in a
position to know how comprehensive Boltonia indica
may be as a species, but it would be unusually
comprehensive, perhaps, to include both these plants.
In any case, distinguishing titles appear to be neces-
sary, because in garden botany an aggregate specific
title frequently fails to serve the purpose of a name.
It often leads, as in this case it would do, to some
confusion among horticulturists. Two plants, for
their purposes absolutely different, should not be
known by the same name. Mr. Brown is an expert
at pushing to ultimate conclusions, and he does great
service to garden botany when he names and describes
thohc distinct forms which are important in a garden,
though not of any consequence so far as known scien-
tifically. I am always thankful when names and
distinctions, necessary in the gardens of those who do
not run to the extent of florists' varieties or the like,
are made according to the rules of botanical nomen-
clature. In botanic gardens we ought to distinguish,
perhaps, for instance, between a Cineraria maritima,
which is sub-shrubby, and another which is com-
pletely herbaceous, though the one I have no doubt
(implictly relying upon my authority) is conspecific
with the other. In all this there is undoubtedly
great difficulty and much labour, and we cannot be
too thankful to those who, like Professor Reichen-
bach for Orchids, go to the extent of discrimination
which serves the full purpose of the horticulturist,
while it includes every scientific requirement, R.
Irivin Lynch.
Hyacinth Pots.— We have received from Messrs.
Stevens & Williams, of the Brierly Hill Glass-
M 'I
Fig. 83. — A NEW HYACINTH POT,
works, Staffordshire, a sample of a new Hyacinth
pot with Minton linings that they are now manufac-
turing, and the shape ol which is represented at fig.
83. The pots are being made of rose, electric-blue,
and orange-coloured glass, and are inexpensive,
besides having an advantage over ordinary Hyacinth
glasses, in being available for the cultivation of Ferns
and other plants suitable for table decoration.
Apple Culture. — The various systems of culture
have been sufficiently tested throughout the length and
breadth of the land. For ordinary garden culture
standard trees on the Crab stock are out of the ques-
tion ; they grow too much, and not only exhaust
but overshadow the ground. They are adapted for
orchard culture, or as isolated specimens on the lawn.
Many varieties of Apples are exceedingly well adapted
to plant on the lawn. There are very few flowering
trees can equal, and none surpass in beauty, an Apple
tree clothed with its delicate pink tinted blossoms.
Besides the blossoms we have the richly coloured fruits
in autumn, which are useful as well as ornamental. Trees
grafted on the Paradise stock and trained either as
pyramids or in the bush form, are well adapted for
large or small gardens, and they are so easily managed,
producing in most cases excellent fruits. The single
cordons have not become popular, nor are they likely
to do so ; they are adapted for certain positions in
the kitchen garden, such as edgings to borders or
paths ; but who would like to trust to such a system
of culture to fill the fruit-room shelves ? The bush
and pyramid forms have in many cases supplanted the
more ancient system of espaliers ; and certainly well
grown and regularly trained trees of this kind are
both interesting and beautiful in the garden. But I
question very much whether such good fruit can be
gathered from them, and of equal quality to that
which may be obtained from the old system of espa-
liers. The old trees in many gardens bear annually
excellent crops, and those who have planted young
trees and trained them in this way may now be reap-
ing the fruits of their wise adherence to the old
system. There is a famous example of the espalier
method of training Apple trees in the kitchen garden
at Bodnant Hall, Eglwysbach, R.S.O., Denbighshire,
the seat ol Henry D. Pochin, Esq., J .P. The trees
are in the best of health, and are trained to wires
about 9 inches apart. There are seven wires, and the
height of the trelliswork is about 6 feet. Very
seldom does one see better fruit than those trees have
borne this year. Mr. Pochin kindly gave me speci-
mens of about a dozen distinct varieties. 1 send you
examples of Newtown Pippin, Blenheim Pippin,
Ribston, and Beauty of Hants. The last-named
weighed 13 oz. ; and such well-grown fruit of
Ribston Pippin is exceptional, unless it is obtained
from wall trees. Other noteworthy varieties were
Tower of Glamis, Winter Pearmain, Duke of
Devonshire, Alfriston, and, indeed, most of the
popular varieties. The system of training is ol the
simplest kind, and it is managed in such a way that
the fruit is exposed on all sides to the sun and air.
Indeed, this exposure of the fruit and bearing wood is
one of the greatest recommendations of the system.
The trees are planted about 4 feet from the garden
paths, and this space can be utilised to grow any
small vegetable crops. The training consists of taking
one main shoot for the centre, and a lateral branch
for each of the wires. The trees may be planted about
7 yards apart, and each branch or cordon must be
kept rather closely cut-in. If the spurs are allowed
to straggle loo far from the main stem the trees look
untidy. I find also that the fruit is not blown ofi"such
trees so very much by high winds as it is from those that
sway about in a gale. The advantages of espaliers
may therefore be briefly summed up — 1st, the trees
bear more fruit and of better quality from a given
space than bush or pyramid trees ; 2d, they do less
injury to growing crops by shading them ; and 3d,
the fruit is easier to gather, and the trees are easier to
prune and train, y. Douglas.
Wood Samples. — I beg to send you a pattern of
wood in book form. So far as I am aware the first
wood books were designed by myself for the London
Exhibition of 1862, but I adopted for the imitation
books then a case form ; this being somewhat ex-
pensive, and the wood apt to warp, I have for the
exhibitions of Amsterdam and Calcutta used the
wood in solid pieces, such as you see now, the size
adopted as a standard being 7 by 4^ inches
by i^ inch. The sides and back show the wood in a
polished state, but the marginal portion (corresponding
to the leaves of a book) is left simply planed, so as
to show the wood in an unpolished state. As the
book's title gives the scientific name of the wood
represented, and its native countries, any "wood
libraries " could be arranged either geographically or
systematically, or, better still, two collections could
be made. I know of no other form to exhibit woods
in an equally handy and elegant way, and if great
museums were gradually to gather up all acces-
sible sorts of woods from the about 16,000 different
trees of the world, most instructive collections would
be brought together. For this purpose, however,
and for facilitating extensive interchanges, some
standard size ought to be adopted, and the present is
suggested. Woods too small for books can be used
for a variety of turnery — rulers, handles, little
implements and utensils, according to fitness — a
method carried out for the Amsterdam and Calcutta
Exhibitions, each article carrying an elegant label
setting forth the name of the tree or shrub, and its
nativity. Ferd. von Mueller, Melbourne.
British Queen as a Late Pea. — This and Ne
Plus Ultra were on June 4 sown here side by side
under exactly the same conditions in every respect,
and, to my surprise, the former proved in this instance
a more satisfactory late Pea than the latter. We
began gathering from it in the last week of August,
and it continued bearing throughout the whole month
of September. The pods filled well, and it was very
free from mildew. I would strongly advise those
who have to supply Peas in quantity during Sep-
tember to give British Queen a trial, and if it turns
out as it has done here they will not regret doing so.
H. Henderson.
Apple Trees Too Deeply Planted.— Just now,
when special attention is directed towards the Apple,
it will be useful to draw attention to one fact in con-
nection with the planting of these trees which has —
take the country through — an immense bearing on the
productiveness and the longevity of an untold per-
centage of the trees planted and grown. I have found
in my peregrinations in various counties that where
the trees were not thriving — where, in fact, many of the
younger shoots at the points were dead and dying and
the American blight was most prosperous — that the
cause of these evils arose from the too deep planting
of the trees. Rarely is proper, or sufficient, prepara-
tion made for this work. A few spadefuls of turf— or
5o6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 1883.
surface soil where such does not exist — are turned
over, then a hole is made and the roots are thrust down
thereinto. Another spadeful or two is tossed uppn
Ihem and ihey are trodden down more as if the in-
tention was to keep them from rising above-ground
than for any other reason, and the operation is con-
sidered finished. In the result the roots and bole
sink deeper rather than otherwise, until a few inches
of bole is buried, and in the result thrifty trees are
impossible. I have often had spit-fuls of soil dug from
around the boles of trees which did not thrive and
which proved to be so buried. The effect of freeing
the collars from that cold soil was increased activity.
I am not writing of trees or their planting in well de-
vised and treated gardens, but of the thousands planted
by farmers, orchardists, and cottagers, and upon
which the country relies for its gross supplies of
home-grown fruit. Better place the roots on the
surface of the soil and heap them over with a
mound of good soil, than bury them so. William
Earky, Ilford,
Autumn Strawberries, — We have received some
fruit-stalks of the Strawberry James Veitch, carrying
fruit in various stages of growth, some of them just
showing traces of colour. Our correspondent says
that they are the produce of forced plants transferred
to the open quarters in June last after enduring much
rough usage. They show the ease with which
autumn and early winter fruit can be obtained from
plants that have borne a crop six or eight months
before — a fact that has been already well established
in practice, but which notwithstanding gets too little
attention from gardeners. By taking this or Vicom-
tesse Hericart de Thury, Marguerite, President,
Keens' Seedling, or that very early sort, Black Prince,
which have been previously forced, and planting out
in early summer — taking care to remove the runners
and the earliest blooms, and then taking up early in
September and potting them — fruit can be had suc-
cessionally from the end of September till January.
By planting them in beds in hot-water pits at first
they could be forced without any removal or potting,
and might then be brought forward in batches. For
very early work the merely placing of shallow hotbed
frames over them, where they stand in the open
border, would answer the purpose. The chief items
of successful culture are those mentioned above,
although it may be added that mulching during the
hot weather with half-rotten manure and occasional
soaking with water will add much to the strength of
the plants. [See the note on Mr. Roberts' practice
at p. 437. Ed,]
Ornithogalum gracile. — Under this name Messrs.
Roth & Collingburne, seed merchants, &c., of Cape
Colony, are offering through a Belgian agent large
quantities of bulbs for winter forcing. In a circular
containing a figure and description of the plant
Messrs. Roth & Co. state "there has never been a
plant grown better adapted for florists and bouquelists.
The pure snow-white glittering flowers are produced
in great abundance, are very fragrant, and last about
six weeks. A great deal has lately been said about
Ornithogalum arabicum, which, however, is not to be
compared with this plant. The spike is about I foot
long, bearing on the upper half about forty flowers,
each about an inch in diameter, and star-shaped." It
seems strange that so useful a plant should have
escaped. the notice of the many collectors who have
visited the Cape, especially as from its plentifulness
it does not appear to be at all uncommon there. I
suspect Messrs. Roth & Co. have got hold of a form
of O. thyrsoideum, a common Cape species, and about
the most ornamental of the genus. It is well known
in gardens here, but so far as I know its usefulness as
a plant for winter forcing has not been tested, so that
possibly Messrs. Roth iS: Co. may be right in speak-
ing so highly of it as a winter-flowering bulb. There
is no rea'^on why this, along with O. arabicum and
several other of the finer species, should not prove
serviceable when grown in such a way. O. thyrsoideum
varies in colour from yellow to greenish-white, and it
may be that this new one maybe a pure white variety,
or that its purity may be owing to forcing. The name
O. gracile is a misnomer, as Mr. Baker has already
described in the Journal of Botany^ 1S74, p. 366, a
plant with this name which is a small weedy species
by no means useful as a garden plant. To prevent
any confusion of names it would be well if any one
who possesses plants from Messrs. Roth & Co. would,
when they flower, send specimens to Mr. Baker for
determination. W. Watson.
Victoria Regia. — I believe this noble and
gigantic Water Lily is generally believed to be an
annual, and grown as such, with only a few records
of its living two years. The plant here, which is
three years old, is now in good health, carrying ten
leaves, measuring from 5 feet to 6 feet 8 inches in
diameter, and some idea of its beauty may be formed
from the fact that it has made sixty-six leaves,
measuring from 6 feet to 6 feet 8 inches in diameter,
this summer, and produced fifty-two flowers about 15
inches in diameter. Last year the same plant pro-
duced sixty-five of its highly scented and magnificent
flowers, carrying ten to twelve of its gigantic leaves
throughout the summer, making a total of over
seventy. The previous year the same plant produced
fifty flowers, and about as many leaves. Thus it will
be seen that there have been produced lS6 of its
gigantic leaves, and 167 flowers from the same plant
during three years. The tank in which the plant is
growing is 30 feet in diameter, and the Victoria is
planted in five cartloads of soil, viz. : — to every ten
barrowloads of loam one of horse and cow droppings,
with the same amount of fibrous peat and some sand,
all well mixed together. Some have made objection
to pipes being carried under the plant, but as this one
is doing so well, and it has a flow and return pipe
directly underwit, there is little to fear on this score,
indeed, I think our success is partly due to this,
provided care is taken not to over-heat the pipes at
any time, for it must be remembered that the least
check to the pbnt throws it back very much, and will
soon be seen in the shape of deformed leaves. The
temperature of the house fell to 50'^ on a few occasions
during cold nights in winter, but it will not be safe to
subject it long to so low a temperature — 60° will be
found more suitable for night temperature during
winter, with a rise during day to 65° ; summer heat
68" to 70" by night, and a rise to 85" by day.
C. Pcnfordy Leigh Park^ Havant,
Water- Supply for Gardens. — An adequate
supply of water is one of the principal requirements
of gardens, and specially is this the case in fruit-grow-
ing establishments, where, as is usual now, the roots
of Vines, &c., are wholly confined, or partially so, to
well-drained internal borders. Vines, Peaches, and
Figs require an abundance of moisture during their
growing season, and unless borders of the above
description containing their roots are frequently and
copiously drenched, fruit of excellent quality cannot
be produced. It is, therefore, important in selecting
a site for a garden that the means of affording it an
unlimited amount of water should receive considera-
tion. Important as this matter is, however, it is
sometimes overlooked, and we frequently meet with
instances where considerable inconvenience and per-
plexity arise therefrom. Few, perhaps, are more
favourably situated than ourselves in having command
of plenty of water, as well as convenient means for
applying it to its several uses. The following descrip-
tion of this convenience may be interesting to some :
— A large uncovered tank, capable of holding enough
to thoroughly saturate an ordinary Vine or Peach
border, is placed at an elevation higher than any of
the borders, and receives through a ball-tap a
never-failing supply from a reservoir. The tank is
fitted with a coil of hot-water pipes, having valves to
regulate the heat to any temperature desired, and
from it are laid l^ inch galvanised iron pipes,
which branch into each block of houses, where
taps are arranged to which a hose can be secured
to distribute water over the borders, or be
drawn from for other purposes. The above
is a simple yet useful contrivance, the advantageous
service of which all will readily see. The
water employed is strongly impregnated with lime,
and is consequently undesirable for syringing purposes,
but am I right in believing water of this nature to be
preferable to that which falls from the clouds for
watering the roots of Grapes, and other stone fruits ?
It is well known that these require a soil more or less
constituted of lime, and is not this mineral equally
beneficial in water? To insure an abundance of tepid
rain-water, we have adopted a plan also very satis-
factory— a large brick cemented tank is formed under-
ground, and is so situated that the flow artd return
pipes from the boilers pass through it immediately
over the surface of the water, imparling sufficient
heat to chill the whole body, thus giving us
a constant supply. The tank is fed from the
glass structures, each range being fitted with spout-
ing, and underground pipes for the purpose of con-
veying water ot it. Thos. Coomber^ Hendre Gardcn^^
Monmonih^
The Phylloxera Laws. — As attention is again
called to this subject, it may, perhaps, interest the
readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle to become
acquainted with the position Holland has taken in
this matter. The horticultural trade had already
suffered by the first Convention of Berne of 1S78, by
which the introduction of rooted plants 'with the
smallest portion of earth on them was forbidden.
This regulation proved impossible to be maintained
in execution, and to make some alteration on this point
the Convention of 18S1 was called together. By this
Convention horticultural trade was made possible for
those States which had given their adhesion to the
Treaty of Berne, and it was to be expected that the new
regulations being practicable, the consenting Govern-
ments would be inclined to put them more strictly
into execution than before. There is one article in the
Treaty which enacts that the Governments that have
given adhesion to the Treaty are not to be allowed to
treat non-conforming States on terms more advanta-
geous than those which apply to those who have
given their adhesion. Till last summer in general
those States which had not given in their adhesion
were treated on the same system as those that had
done so by the greater number of Governments.
The Dutch horticulturists who export had from time
to time difficulties with the introduction of plants,
&c., into Austria, Hungary, France, and Belgium, but
these, although giving much annoyance, were only
temporary, and by private attempt as well as by the
interference of the Dutch Government, they were
obviated. Since that time the introduction of vege-
table products became possible under the protection of
the usual certificates without any further difficully.
Meanwhile the Dutch horticultural trade, as well as
the Belgian, feared that such facilities might only be
temporary, and foresaw that there was always a great
chance for the prohibition to be put in execution at
the slightest ^pretext ; therefore there was a pres-
sure exerted by the Dutch horticulturists on their
Government lo give its adhesion to the Berne Con-
vention. In May, 18S2, the General Society for the
Promotion of Bulb Culture was the first to send
a petition for this purpose to the King of the
Netherlands, as well as addresses to the ministers,
and this example was followed by the leading
horticultural societies. Although the Government
took these demands into consideration, it hesi-
tated to take steps, as up till that moment all the
dif^culties could be put aside, and as the German
Government till lately had not put in execution the
terms of the Treaty, allowing every introduction
of plants, &c., to be made even without any certi-
ficate. By the law and the regulations of the Ger-
man Empire of July 4, 1883, however, the execution
of the Berne Treaty was enacted, and in the regulations
was found one article more severe than any other
country had put in execution. By that famous section
(sect. 2), the introduction of any rooted vegetable into
the German Empire from countries which had not given
their adhesion to the Treaty of Berne was forbidden,
the Chancellor of the Empire being alone authorised
to grant exceptions. In consequence of this, the Dutch
horticulturists again sent petitions to their Government
requiring it to conform to the Berne Treaty ; the horti-
cultural societies again sent addresses, and the agri-
cultural corporations did the same. In the middle
of August the new German regulations were put into
execution as rigorously as possible. As usual in such
cases, where new laws are put in force of which it is
difficult to judge the real interpretation, many pro-
ducts were at first refused on the German frontier,
which could by no means be fairly classified under
those of which the introduction was forbidden by the
said sect. 2. Bulbs without roots were among these,
and as bulb exporters, in conformity with the regula-
tions of the Empire, were of opinion that bulbs could
be freely introduced with certificates, the usual large
number of cases with bulbs was sent to Germany ;
these were allowed to enter till September 4, when the
Prussian Government suddenly refused to permit their
entrance any longer. Immediately afterwards numer-
ous petitions were sent to the German ministers, and
they considered the matter properly, and decided
that dry bulbs without roots could not be brought
under the same case as the rooted plants of sect. 2,
but must be considered like seeds, the introduc-
tion of which was allowed with the usual certificates,
but only through those particular custom-houses
indicated in the regulations. This resolution of
the Reichsamt was given about September 8, but
it lasted till September 17, on the evening before
the German frontiers were again opened for dry
bulbs without roots. The introduction of plants,
trees, &c., with roots, however, is still not allowed in
Germany, and up to this time all demands for excep-
tions have been refused. The introduction of Sugar-
Beet and similar plants is also forbidden, to the
great prejudice of agriculture, as Sugar-Beets are
grown largely in the Netherlands for German manu-
facturers. Under these circumstances the Dutch
Government has resolved to give its adhesion to the
Treaty of Berne. In the session of September 25 of
the second chamber Mr. Verbrugge, honorary mem-
ber of the central committee, and formerly President
of the Dutch Society for Plorticullure and Botany,
put a question about the matter to the Government,
and to this interpellation the Minister for Foreign
Affairs replied that the Dutch Consul- General at Berne
was authorised to include the Netherlands in the Berne
Treaty, and that a law to that effect was in preparation
to be offered to the house for approbation. Mean-
while new difficulties have arisen in the Government
of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. This Govern-
ment made regulations nearly the same as those of
Germany, and has forbidden the entrance of all plants
with roots. In practice the custom-house agents there
have done the same as was done in Germany, and
refused several cases of dry bulbs without roots.
A petition was sent to the Luxembourg Government
to request a more accurate carrying out of the law,
and the Dutch Government was informed of the
matter and requested to intervene. As soon as
Holland shall have put in execution the require-
OCTOHER 20, 1883.]
7 HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
507
ments of the Treaty of Berne the other countries
forming the lengue will be obliged to accept every
veqetable product, plants with roots and e.irlh
inclurlcd, when protected by the usual cerlilicates,
and Ihetefore the compliance of the Treaty of hot-
ticullural countries becomes necessary from the press
of circumstances, as it is not impossible that in addi-
tion to Ciermany nnfl Luxembourg, other governments
might strengthen their measures and so mal<e regular
horticultural trade from non-conforming countries im-
possible. J. H. Krcla:;,-, Haarlem, Oct. 6. l^.S.—
To complete my note of last week, I now can state
that the Dutch Government has given official informa-
tion in the Slaals Conrant that the temporary Consul-
General of the Netherlands in Switzerland has, on the
part of the Dutch (".overnment, given adhesion to the
rhylloxera treaty of Uerne of October 5 last. The
Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg now
allows entrance of bulbs without roots, with the usurd
certificates, through the custom-house of Luxembourg
only. .7. //. A'., Oct. 12.
Pelargonium Fairest of the Fair. — This is one
of the zonal section, and is one of the prettiest and
jiBfhaps dwarfcst of the whole family. I saw it in
bloom at Ryde during the summer, and begging a
plant, as gardeners' visitors will do, brought it home,
and for the past two months it has been blooming
exquisitely. It belongs to the oculate division, for
the flowers are pearly white, and on each is a distinct
bright carmine circle round the eye. There are
several others in this division, but none are prettier,
and certainly none have a more compact and robust
habit. A. D.
Wasp and Bee Stings.— Having lately observed
two paragraphs in the daily papers respecting fatal
cases caused by the stings of wasps, I have thought of
a remedy which completely neutralises the strength of
the poison and prevents swelling upon myself, and
which may have the same effect upon others, and
I therefore offer it for irterlion in your columns.
While looking over the apiaiy here last May, with the
object of getting hives, &c,, cleaned out and put in
order for the approaching swarming season, I found
in looking into an empty super which rested on the
flat top of a hive — one on Neighbour's principle — a
wasp nest, about the size of a large Walnut, attached
to the top. It was not destroyed then, as I was
desirous of having a good specimen for preservation.
The outer casing of the nest was one of the shell
pattern sort, and not very common, the super being
about 14 inches in diameter. I did not destroy the
wasps until the second week of September, expecting
then to have a neatly formed nest. I undertook the
task of taking it alone, provided with brimstone rags,
spade, several slips of paper well twisted, and a lan-
tern, and well protected with a gauze cover over my
head, stroflg thick gloves on my hands, and coat
sleeves fastened to prevent them getting up my arms.
Thus provided I set to work, by the light of the lan-
tern, to dig a pit close up to the apiary. Two
pointed sticks with brimstone rags wedged into their
cleft tops were then stuck into the bottom of the pit
and the rags set on fire. The hive containing the
wasp nest was lifted over the burning brimstone, hut
in lifting it off a large piece of comb was left on the
board, the hive being filled and the lower comb sealed
to the board. This caused a large number of wasps
which were upon it to be set at liberty, and Ihcy
immediately attagkad me. I then lifted the twisted
scrolls of paper and woiked it over the detached piece
of comb, and also around those flying about, to scorch
their wings. In twisting and wriggling about my
arms my coat-sleeves had become drawn up a little
at the wrists, leaving a space between them and the
gloves. Some of the scorched wasps having fallen on
the exposed parts, I had four stings on one wrist
and one on the other. This caused me to lay down
the burning paper to crush them. Wasps, unlike bees,
will sting two or three times in quick succession, the
bee invaiiably leaving its sting behind. In my deter-
mination not to be defeated I lighted another papc,
and held it to those flying about overhead ; in looking
up one had settled on my forehead, close to the brim
of my hat, and stung me sharply. This caused me to
retreat and get uncovered as quickly as possible. By
the time I got into the house all the parts hadswolkn
considerably, especially the inner part of the wrist,
which had three stings close to each other. A tea-
spoonful of whisky and some common washing soda
having been procured, the swollen parts were rubbed
over with spirits first, and then dabbed over with the
soda ; as soon as it became dry a fresh application of
each was continue.d for about twenty-five minutes.
Duiing this time I rested myself quietly, and at its
expiry the swelling had all but disappeared ; a sharp
stinging sensation, however, made itself felt occa-
sionally for about two days. A sample of the two
kinds of outer covering of the nest is sent for inspec-
tion ; the grey one is commonly found hanging on
trees and shrulis. The wasps of the shell pattern are
darker than the common ones, with broader black
bars across the abdomen. J Wchler, Gonloit Castle.
THE APPLE SHOW AT
CHISWICK.
Another visit to the wonderful collection of Apples
at Chiswick suggests a question that should be asked
of Apple f^rowers all over the kingdom, viz., To what
extent are you prepared to abide by or receive the
revised nomenclature of the committee appointed to
thatofi'ice? The industry that has most conscienti-
ously been expended by experts over the satisfactory
elucidation o( the nomenclature problem merits a last-
ing monument. Is that monument to take the form
of kicks or thanks ? If the grower who has sent his
fifty or more kinds of Apples under designations that
aie neither recognisable nor correct, and has got them
all named in accordance with established usage by the
committee, refuses to recognise such revised nomen-
clature, and still adheres to his old appellations, that
man deliberately kicks the committee by his crass
obstinacy. The grower who would join in promoting
a worthy monument to the efforts of the committee,
on the other hand, will not only thankfully receive
the revised nomenclature, but also will do his utmost
to make it known in his locality. The show exhibits
plainly enough that one half of our kinds of Apples
might be buried or burned and we should be none the
losers, indeed, greatly the gainers. It is therefore bad
enough to have a needlessly extended list of correctly
named sorts, without having that list doubled by in-
correct duplicate designations.
Whilst the subject of nomenclature is so much in
the ascendant, we are tempted to ask another question.
Will any learned philologist kindly tell us the origin
of the peculiar designations of Pippin, Pearmain,
Codlin, Quoining, Beefing, Nonpareil, and similar
appellations that characterise certain kinds or sections?
In what respect does a Pearmain differ from a Pippin,
or the latter from a Nonpareil ? Are these sectional
designations really clear, defined, and arbitrary, or
are they thus employed at the will of the namer of
any new kind of Apple? We understand what is
meant by Russet, and know that it signifies a group
of excellent kinds that have brown or russety skins.
Nonesuch, modernised Nonsuch, we may take to mean
" None other such" — rather an egotistical form of
naming, but thoroughly characteristic of people who
always think their own children the very best, A
dictionary informs us that Pippin means a small
Apple, and Pearmain a kind of Apple, but neither are
very lucid explanations. As Pippin was an ancient
form of designation for a jolly good fellow, perhaps it
also means a jolly good Apple ; still, there are other
jolly good Apples not called Pippins. Pearmain may
be intended to apply to Pear-shaped Apples, but if so,
then, as in the case of Adam's Pearmain, it is a Pear-
shape reversed. A full discussion of this subject of
nomenclature could hardly fail to be of interesljustnow.
High • coloured Atples. — Being undesirous
of adopting what may be called the common
methods of classification, or of anticipating any
classification that may be adopted by the com-
mittee, we have again looked through the collec-
tion all those kinds which gave general high colour,
and this led to a wider selection than we made last
week. Some are more richly hued than others, but
all have the unmistakeable hue of the Siberian Crab,
without, as suggested in funny Folks, having first
been boiled. En passant^ we may say that here and
there some kinds not usually associated with high
colour showed very ruddy cheeks, and we much
doubt whether any one ever saw richer hues on the
Kibston Pippin than grace the dish o( that kind in
the Messrs. Cheal's collection. There is no mistaking
the fact that Sussex and Kent with their chalky sub-
soils, free pure currents of air, and ample sunshine,
are pre-eminently the counties in which colour is the
most abundantly created. Now, dealing with a
relection of twelve dessert kinds in the show that
are rich in crimson and red hues, we found
perhaps the handsomest to be that particular " Honey-
moon " before alluded to, as in the collection sent by
Messrs, Jefteries from Cirencester. This is so beauti-
ful that it attracted our attention the first day, and we
have learned since that it has been found to be but a
small though a wondrously coloured Hoary Morning,
that through obscure writing had got thus transposed.
Some samples of Red Astrachan, our earliest deep-
coloured Apple, are in the show, but they are too far
gone. Red (^uarrenden is still fairly good. Duchess'
Favourite, or less well known as Duchess of Gloucester,
very handsome, medium in size, and of very moderate
quality. Worccs'er Pearmain, the handsomest of all
the early reds, and a worthy successor to that new
and beautiful kind Mr. Gladstone, which is too pre-
cocious in ripening to enable it to be seen in October,
Then Colonel Vaughan is a smallish, conical-shaped
kind, superbly coloured, but of no great merit other-
wise. Sops in Wine is a very ancient uneven sort,
richly coloured, but of capital quality, as also is the
Summer Strawberry ; Court Pendu Plat, and its near
relative, Fearn's Pippin, are too well known to need
further reference, but Calville Rouge Precoce in the
Chiswick collection bears considerable resemblance to
Fearn's Pippin, and is a very handsome Apple. A
very beautiful kind is to be found in Cheat's Ede's
Beauty, which has a primroie skin, heavily striped
with red, and is in form roundish angular. Finally,
the dozen includes Baumann's Red Reinette, shown by
the Messrs. Veitch & Sons, a fine-coloured late-keep-
ing kind, that should make a capital market variety.
Then of kitchen kinds of remarkable colour are
Mere de Menage, Cox'd Pomona, Hoary Morning,
a very odd name for such a rich-coloured Apple ;
Hollandbury, sometimes known as Scarlet Admir-
able ; Emperor Alexander, Tom Putt, very old,
intensely coloured, and of irregular form ; Pre-
mier, not unlike the previous one ; Winter Quoining,
an ungainly Apple ; Rosenberger, in Mr. Loney's
Swedish collection, richly striped and coloured like
Pomona, but less ribbed ; Cellini Pippin, generally in
southern districts rich in colour ; Striped Beefing, so
good a keeper ; and that excellent kind. Beauty of
Kent. We are tempted to ask here, whether it is not
the case that high colour and good quality are seldom
associated? Of all the kinds just mentioned hardly
one can be termed first-class, and few are firm good
keepers. Colour may be a profitable market com-
modity, but it is not the only feature to be sought for
in furnishing a selection of good Apples, Probably
the more select the kinds as regards quality and general
excellence the less will colour be found in the list.
Well-shaped Apples. — Closely allied to the
high coloured fruits come the handsome ones as
distinguished from colour, those of particularly
good form that have pretty markings and are
always admired for their beauty. In this selection
also we do not find the best quality, though many are
very good in their season, but it is too often a short
one. Thus we take the Queen, broad, handsome,
beautifully striped ; Peasgood's Nonsuch, the hand-
somest of all big Apples, but not a keeper ; Washing-
ton, a very beautiful Apple, but is already past its
season ; Grenadier, a noble-looking fine yellow-skinned
kind, that is a beat upon Lord Derby in form ;
Warner's King, always a handsome and very good in
its short day; Stirling Castle, a wonderfully prolific
early kind ; Frogmore Prolific, a very handsome
sort that well justifies its name, and which is very good
to the end of the present month j Lord Sufifield,
invariably handsome when it puts on its ripened
hue of primrose-yellow ; Winter Hawthornden,
one of the best of the batch as a keeper ;
Golden Noble, the handsomest yellow-skinned
Apple we have, and which ought to be classed, for the
behoof of all those who like a little brisk acidity in
their fruits, as a dessert kind ; Blenheim Orange, our
ever acceptable friend, but of the two better as a
cooker than as a dessert kind ; and, lastly, that very
handsome prolific Apple, of which yet growers gene-
rally know so little, Lane's Prince Albert. All these
are fairly handsome, and whilst some are good only
for a short time others are so over a lengthened period.
Then there is a similar selection of pretty dessert
kinds in which we place Duchess of Oldenburg,
Jefferson, Nonsuch, and Kerry Pippin, all handsome
striped sorts ; indeed, those who saw samples of the
old Nonsuch would readily admit that the very hand-
some Peasgood's Nonsuch is of the old one an enlarged
fac simile. Cowan's Victoria, about the size of fair
Cox'i Orange Pippin, is a very handsome kind, and
our useful friend. King of the Pippins, must, too,
come into the group of pretty ones. Swedish Pear-
main in the Chiswick group, and also found in Mr,
Loney's collection, is a very handsome Apple that is
but yet little known. Court of Wick, Golden Rein-
ette, and Wyken Pippin are all pretty and really
good dessert Apples ; and Mabbet's Pearmain —
speckled with russet, but handsomely flushed with
colour, on a yellow skin — is a little grown variety.
CooKiNc: Apples. — There yet remain selections of
both sections that, though, as all Apples are, more or
less, good-looking, are yet held to be more serviceable
than beautiful ; and in the kitchen class we find that
5o8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 1883.
capital early kind. Lord Derby; Wallliam Abbey Seed-
ling, of all good cooking kinds one of the best and most
prolific ; Alfriston, so big, so good, and so enduring,
though the trees are not of the hardiest ; Reinette
du Canada, a splendid keeper ; Gloria Mundi, some-
times confoundedwithBelleduBois, a veryfine variety,
and keeps well ; Stone's Apple, a fine market variety,
that is very prolific ; Wellington, one of our most
regular croppers and best keepers ; Ecklinville, very
fine early and certain cropper, but though of good
form it is almost always spotted, as though it had been
peppered with hailstones ; Nelson Codlin, a green
conical fruit, covered with bloom, and both a marvel-
lous cropper and good keeper ; Small's Admirable,
not unlike Hawthornden, but a hardy, robust kind,
and a splendid cropper and keeper ; Bedfordshire
Foundling, a well-known fine kind ; and last, that fine
old sort, Norfolk Beefing, that keeps so well for
summer use.
Dessert Apples. — The last dessert selection is
made chiefly to show table quality and flavour,
although it includes some kinds that are of excellent
shape, though, perhaps, not termed pretty. Rib-
ston. Cox's Orange, Cornish Gilliflower, Sturmer,
and Cockle's Pippins are absolutely unsurpassable for
flavour, the two latter kinds being excellent late
keepers. Irish Peach is one of our best early dessert
Apples, and a fine cropper ; Cornish Aromatic has
soft flesh and a delicate balsamic flavour ; Scarlet
Nonpareil is so good that it better befits this selection
than the coloured one ; Margil is as good as it is old,
and the American Mother Apple is a fine flavoured
kind that seems to be but indifferently known. It
certainly is one of the hardiest of all the American
sorts. Rosemary Russet is a splendid winter dessert
Apple, and finally there come the capital Pearmains,
Adams' and Mannington's, both fine keeping kinds,
and of the best table quality. In these selections we
find we have swallowed up seventy-two kinds, and
still leave myriads of very good sorts unmentioned.
To not a few readers there will crop up sorts that
might have been placed here and there ; but our
selections were carefully made at the show with
myriads of dishes before us from various parts of the
kingdom, and average character naturally forms a
more reliable test for selection than do mere local
features.
Foreign Apples.— During the present week the
exhibition has been enriched by a remarkably fine and
interesting collection of Apples sent by Mr. G. R. H.
Starr, of Port William, Nova Scotia, whose London
agents, Messrs. Nothard & Lowe, have admirably
set up, and further increased the value of the collection
by indicating those sorts which are generally sent
from Nova Scotia to the English market. These are
the Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, Cooper's Rus-
set, Blue Pearmain, Talman's Sweet, Gravenstein,
Flushing Spitzenberg, King of the Pippins, Wil-
loughby. Golden Russet, King of Tomkins County,
Sweet Russet, Pomme Gris, Golden Pippin, Ribston
Pippin, and Mammoth Russet. Most of these
are of medium size, and several of them highly
coloured, but all, by comparison with home-grown
samples, are of low specific gravity. As regards hand-
some appearance, these Nova Scotian Apples compare
most favourably with the best of our own, but contain
much less water and sugar. Such varieties as the
Emperor Alexander, Fall Pippin, Chebucto Beauty,
Dutch Codlin and Cat's Head are finely represented.
Another collection, which has only been mentioned
en passant, but which calls far fuller notice, is
that sent by Mr. Loney, gr. to Oscar Dickson, Esq.,
Gothenberg, Sweden, and which consists of twenty-
eight dishes of Apples and a dozen of Pears — all the
results of orchard-house cultivation, and superb in
quality. Among the Apples are grand samples of
Cellini, Calville Blanche, Red Astrachan, Rasenhager,
a handsome crimson-striped flattish-round variety ;
Margil, Rosen Gyllen, handsomely striped or
streaked ; Court Pendu-Plat, and Winter Pearmain.
Among the Pears are large examples of Duchesse
d'Angouleme, Beurre Bachelier, Pitmaston Duchesse,
Marechal de la Cour, Marie Louise, Souvenir du
Congres, Doyenne Boussoch, Huyshe's Bergamot,
Bonne d'Ezi, and Josephine de Malines. The whole
collection reflects high credit on their cultivator, and
adds much to the interest of the exhibition.
New Varieties. — It is surprising that of the many
new and old, but not much known varieties that have
been sent to Chiswick, only two have been deemed
by the committee to be worthy of First-class Certifi -
cates. One of these, Bramley's Seedling, we noticed
in our last ; the other is the Grenadier, shown by
Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., of Maidstone. It is of
the first size, somewhat flat round in shape, and
angular or ribbed, with a clear yellow skin, small,
closed eye, and short stalk. A first-rate culinary
variety, in use during October and November.
KlEFF. — The town of Kieff', in the south-western
part of Russia, is noted chiefly for its churches and
monasteries, and consequently it has for centuries been
a point of attraction for devout pilgrims, who flock to
it every year from nearly all parts of the empire. In
the spring, especially, many thousands of poor pea-
sants, after journeying for the most part on foot for
several months, come here, and at last realise the
dream of their life — to offer up their prayers to
Heaven in the sacred temples of this Rome of the
Sclavonic world.
But, apart from its fame as a great ecclesiastical
centre, the town itself is only of recent date, for it is
chiefly during the last fifteen years that it has attained
its present large proportions. Before the opening of
the railway, and the increase of steamboats on the
river, Kieff was only a small and very ordinary pro-
vincial town. At the present day it contains at least
150,000 inhabitants, and it is distinguished for its
university. Government schools for both sexes, numer-
ous banks, spacious hotels, splendid streets, and
fine architecture. In the latter respect Kieff has
a great advantage over other places, for here the clay
is such that bricks may be burned hard enough to
stand all weathers and yet preserve their original
colour, which is that of light sandstone, so that no
plastering is necessary, and the houses appear as if
really built of stone ; but of late years the style of
architecture has undergone a complete change. For-
merly houses in Russia were built in the primitive
form of a simple box, with rarely any variation, ex-
cept, perhaps, here and there some Roman pillars in
front, to form a balcony, and that only in the case of
public buildings or the houses of the rich. Now a
thorough innovation, and it must be allowed a great
improvement, has taken place in this town. Under
the direction of the chief architect, M. Nicolaiff, from
the Imperial Academy, the designs of the street
facades have been elaborated with great artistic skill
and good taste ; so that Kieff has become a splendid
town, with a fine climate, and all the comforts and
luxuries that wealth can require.
Standing on an elevated site, with hills and valleys
everywhere, studded with innumerable shining spires
and cupolas, and commanding views of the most
charming perspective twenty miles in extent, Kieff
presents attractions of a very picturesque kind. The
climate is something like that of Paris or Vienna, and
the soil in the plains around it is fertile enough.
There is plenty of rain ; the winter is not so severe,
and the summer not so hot and dry, as in some of the
neighbouring provinces. Melons of all sorts are
cultivated in the open fields, and Vines, if properly
grown, ripen by the end of August. Peaches are
rarely seen in the shops or markets, but Cherries,
Apricots, Plums, Apples, and Pears, are very abund-
ant. Pine-apples are sometimes found in the shops,
but they are only of small size. In general there is
nothing in respect to cultivation which indicates either
taste or skill ; ordinary routine appears to be all that
is aimed at.
Even in vegetables only the commoner sorts are
required. Blanched Celery, Seakale, and Kohl Rabi
are unknown ; but Beetroot is extensively grown, as
it forms the chief article in the Russian soup called
"bortch." Cauliflower, Asparagus, and Artichokes,
are only grown by professional gardeners. All other
vegetables, such as Cabbages, Carrots, Potatos, &c.,
are grown by everybody, whether gardeners or pea-
sants.
With such a vast population it is easy to understand
that gardening and husbandry occupy a great number
of people in the environs of the town, and five or six
markets are well supplied with all kinds of field and
garden produce. Besides the regular markets, there
are in all the principal streets some hundreds of poor
people who get a living by selling fruit, flowers, and
plants for window cultivation. Window-gardening
here is especially in great favour. The plants in most
request are Ficus elastica, Philodendron pertusum,
Agapanthus urabellatus, Phcenix dactylifera, Latania
borbonica. Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Hoya carnosa,
Dracrenas, Cycas revoluta, Chamserops excelsa, and
a good many more, as Myrtles, Roses, Pelargoniums,
Fuchsias, Heliotropes, Begonias, and the like. Some-
times one or two fine Orange trees, or other large
handsome plants, occupy spare corners near the
windows.
There are some five or six nurserymen on a large
scale, such as Wesser, Struss, Krister, Kristyanin,
Kriiger, Benedickt, of course all Germans, and
perhaps as many more on a smaller scale among the
Russians. In some of the private gardens, too, the
cultivation of flowers and plants for sale is extensively
carried on.
There is a gardeners' society, but it is but little
known ; it gives no signs of life, either by monthly
meetings or yearly exhibitions. It is possible enough
that there exists something like national antagonism
among the great body of practical men here, chiefly
composed of Germans, Russians, and Poles ; but
general indifference to everything out of the old
routine is a more serious impediment in the way of
improvement.
It is well known, however, that gardeners' societies,
whether on a large or small scale, are but rarely kept
in movement by professional or practical men only.
The success of such a society depends chiefly on one
or two earnest men having time and means capable of
giving life and soul to all its members — in other
words, men capable of keeping up friendly intercourse
among gardeners, and bringing their productions
before the notice of the public through occasional
meetings and exhibitions. As yet there has been
nothing of the kind in this part of the country, where
the conditions of success are certainly not wanting.
It is to be hoped that new life may be infused into
the gardeners' society of Kieff, and that next year
there will be something like a grand exhibition of
flowers and plants for both gardeners and amateurs.
The best place for such an exhibition would be the
Botanic Garden, just behind the University, where
there is a vast level space of ground very suitable for
two or three marquees, besides a good number of
borders and clumps where all kinds of plants in pots
might be conveniently placed.
The Russians are very fond of rich showy colours,
and yet gardeners here devote but little attention
either to colour or form. Excellence in the cultiva-
tion of beautiful flowering plants, such as Roses,
Azaleas, Pelargoniums, Ericas, Dahlias, and a great
many more which bring fame and fortune to gardeners
in England and elsewhere, is but little understood or
aimed at in this country, where people do not readily
leave the old beaten track of common routine. In
general apathy and indifference to change and im-
provement are only to be overcome by the influence
of powerful extraneous impulse.
At the present time there is a striking instance
which confirms the accuracy of this statement ; for
since I began to write the present communication an
extensive agricultural exhibition has been opened in
the centre of the town, and vast numbers of people go
to see it every day, so that it proves to be a very
successful undertaking, due to the initiative of some
of the leading members of the Agricultural Society
here, among which the Prince of Raepnine occupies
the very first place. Apart from his position as a
wealthy landed proprietor in the province of Poltava,
and President (or, as it is called in Russian, "pred-
vodityel ") of the nobility here, the Prince is distin-
guished for his enlightened and generous views of public
utility and improvement. He is, besides, a thoroughly
practical man, and has great experience and know-
ledge respecting all technical details. It would be
difficult to find another more capable of organising
such a splendid exhibition as that which has just been
opened — it may be said, for the first time in this part
of Russia.
There are always fairs (called "yarmarks ") every-
where, but a strictly agricultural exhibition like a vast
museum, where everything relating to the field and
garden, as well as housekeeping, may be seen, has
never been known till now ; and though probably it
was only intended for Kieff" and the adjoining country,
a great many collections of different kinds have been
sent from far and near. There are even exhibitors
from St. Petersburg, Moscow, Odessa, Warsaw,
Berlin, Prague, and other distant places. Of course
a great number of the machines and implements are
by English makers. There are, besides, a great
many interesting collections of seeds, fruit, plants,
and vegetables, shown chiefly by the gardeners and
nurserymen here, but owing to the lateness of the
season there are but very few flowers. In my next I
shall send you a few particulars. P. F. A'eir,
\
October 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
509
fl0tlisl»' flouf^ra.
Azaleas. — Large plants that have Veen out-of-
doors up to this time will have to be placed under
glass. The cold nights will not do them any harm
as yet, but if they are exposed to rains they may get
too much water. Chill October nights, with heavy
dews and warm sunshine by day, suits them very well.
Thrips and red-spider do not like the cold nights with
dew. When the plants are taken under glass the
change must be gradual ; leave the lights quite open
by night as well as by day, and syringe overhead for
a few days after the plants are placed inside if the
weather is dry and warm. Fumigate with tobacco-
smoke to keep thrips from them, and dust with sulphur
for mildew. It is just possible that the flower-buds
may be too numerous ; in that case it is best to thin
them out now. One very often sees the flowers heaped
one upon another at blooming time ; this injures the
plants, and is not pleasing. There are some very good
semi-double pure white varieties now, they are useful
specimens. Later plants must be potted on as the
plants require it. They seem to make more rapid
growth in September, and also in October if the
weather is mild, than they do at any other season of
the year, and for this reason they ought to be potted
on to prevent their becoming pot-bound. As soon as
the flower-stems can be seen in the centre of the
plants they ought to be pinched out ; this causes them
to break out into three or four stems, which will give
a greater surface of bloom, and form a dwarfer speci-
men. Moderate fumigations will prevent or destroy
greenfly, and wherever mildew appears dust with
flowers of sulphur.
Chrysanthemums. — These are not safe out-of-
doors after this time. Heavy rains may be followed
by frosts, either of which will very much injure the
flowers if they are showing colour ; or even if they are
not quite so far advanced as that, they may receive a
serious check to their growth. Mildew is very inju-
rious to the leaves, and it spreads with amazing
rapidity as soon as the plants are placed under glass.
They ought to be thoroughly dusted with flowers of
sulphur as they are being moved into the house. The
stems also should be tied to the sticks finally, as they
ease, is often caused by a close compost, or by ineffi-
cient drainage, causing the water to be retained about
the roots. They do not require very much water,
after this time of the year, and the almosi>here ought
also to be kept rather dry. Fancy I'darganiums are
not so much j^rown as they used lo lie, but Ihcy are
exceedingly pretty ; small plants well furnished with
bloom come in well for the front stages of greenhouse
or conservatory. They require a lit lie more heat
than the large flowered section, and a lighter compost,
ZONAI- Pelargoniitms are now very useful ; in
the greenhouse they require a little heat as the season
advances, to bring them into flower. The plants
raised from cuttings put in some lime in April, make
fine flowering plants now in 6 and 7-inch pots.
Large specimen plants intended to flower in the
summer must now be kept rather dry at the roots,
and in a cool house with plenty of air. J. Douglas.
Scottish Horticultural Association. — The
ordinary monthly meeting of this Association was held
Fig.
^. — PEAR JERSEY GRATIOLI.
Fig. 85. — PEAR URBANISTE. (SEE P. 510.)
as cut flowers early in the year, and should be grown
in the smallest houses.
Calceolarias. — We sowed some seeds of the
herbaceous varieties in April this year, and a number
of them are flowering ; we did not want them to do
so, but their richly coloured flowers are handsome
and novel at this season of the year. There are
plenty of them to flower in the spring and early
simmer months. Later sowings than those in April
form large specimen plants to flower in May and June.
The seeds may be sown as late as July for succes-
sion. The plants do best at this season in low pits,
where they get plenty of air : they must not be
exposed to cold drying winds, but a low night tem-
perature will not be injurious, if frost be just excluded ;
the plants dislike a dry atmosphere, whether it is
caused by drying winds or by heated hot-water pipes.
Such treatment always brings greenfly in clouds, and
it is very injurious indeed to the plants, curling the
leaves in a few days. Constantly fumigating with
tobacco-smoke will destroy it. The plants should
be potted on into SJ-inch pots to flower in. See that
none of them suffer for lack of water at the roots.
Cinerarias. — The earliest plants were potted into
their flowering pots six weeks ago ; the roots have
now reached the sides of the pots, and the flower-
stems require to be tied out, in order to form good
will not increase much more in height after this.
The specimen plants ought to be placed quite close to
the glass roof, or as close as it is possible to place
them to it. Many of the leaves drop ofif if the plants
are too far from the glass. They require plenty of
air and light all round them, and must not suffer for
want of plenty of manure-water. A surface-dressing
with good rotten manure and loam in equal parts
encourages the roots to the surface, and helps greatly
to keep the leaves of a healthy green colour.
Pelargoniums. — The show varieties will continue
to grow all through the winter months. Those that
are to flower early, say from the beginning of May,
ought to be potted into their flowering pots without
any delay, so that they may become established at
once ; the growths are now strong and have made
considerable progress. Some varieties make too many
growths ; these require to be thinned out, and those
that remain must be tied out and arranged at uniform
distances from each other. Large specimen plants
must be carefully handled. It is easy to snap off the
main stems or some of the growths during the process
of tying them out. Potting must also be done very care-
fully. It is quite necessary that the drainage be kept
quite free from the finer portion of the compost by
placing fibrous turf over it. The potting material
must also be open and porous ; broken charcoal and
coarse sand is the best material to keep the compost
open. *' Spot," thought by some growers to be a dis-
in the hall, 5, St. Andrew Square, on Tuesday, the 2d
inst., Mr. Robertson Munro, President, in the chair.
The Secretary read a paper, written by Mr. John
Webster, Gordon Castle Gardens, entitled, " The Culti-
vation of Hardy Fruits in the North of Scotland, with
the Sorts best Adapted for the Climate." Mr. Webster
sent for exhibition, and also to illustrate his paper, about
100 dishes of fruit — viz.. Apples, Pears, Plums, Peaches,
&c. Messrs. Dicksons & Co. exhibited a collection of
seedling Apples ; and from Mr. T. S. Ware, London,
carae a collection of single Dahlia blooms and herbaceous
plants ; from Messrs. J. Lament & Son a collection of
single Dahlia blooms; and from Mr. J. Addion nine
flowers of herbaceous plants.
©ijttuars.
Professor Oswald Heer, who died at Lucerne
a few days ago, was born at St. Gallen in iSi6, and
being destined by his parents for the pastorate, he
entered the University of Halle as a theological
student immediately after leaving school. He paid
more attention, however, to the study of natural
history than to the works of the Fathers, and he be-
came so proficient in his favourite science that in
1S36, though then little over twenty years of age, he
was appointed to the chair of botany and entomology
in the University of Zurich. His vacations were
spent in excursions, chiefly in the Alps, in search of
specimens. He made a special study of fossil flora,
and his monumental work, The Primeval IVorld of
5IO
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 1883.
Swilzerland, has been translated into English, French,
and Hungarian ; and several others of his boolis have
appeared in Latin and Danish. His last work is
entitled I^lora Fossilis Arclica. It consists of 1300
pages, and contains 300 tables and 3500 illustrations.
In Professor Ileer the University of Zurich has lost
one of its most illustrious teachers. Tlie Times,
— — Many of our readers, we feel sure, will regret
to hear of the somewhat sudden death, on the 6lh
inst., at Suffolk Lodge, Wood Green, of Mr. John
Cargill, who for many years was connected with the
firm of Messrs. Alexander Shanks & Co., of Arbroath
and London. Mr. Cargill died of heart disease,
aged 44 years.
STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH. LONDON,
For the Week ending Wednesday, October 17, 1883.
Temperature op
THE Air.
a
In.
29.7J
29, CO
29.89
2Q.67
295*
29.23
2935
29.62
In.
+0.01
+0.21
-t-0.19
—0.03
— 0.16
— 0,42
—035
48.0
— .■ o
Hygrome-
trical l)e.
ductions
from
Glaisher's
Tables 6th
Edition.
+ l>.>49.4
- ■•S,44-2
II'
7 051.4
f'rr T- 1 /
60.0141.518.350.8+0.147.1, 87J
04.847.017.8,55.7+ 5.350.9 84{
48.010.552.6+ 2.446.4' 80
II I i
50.0 9 =|S4.S|-*- 4.547-8, 78
4S.OM.5S'-I 2.3400 7l|
—0.0858.846.312.552.2+ i.9'46.S| 82 y^i"; jo.88
P I'-
Fog. |o.oo
N. :
E.N.E. °"
E.S E. :
S S E. °-°°
S. "•32
W.;SWo.23
WSW 'o 02
WSW: „,.
W. lO-S"
Oct. II.-
— 12.-
— >3--
— H--
— 15.-
— 16.-
— I?.-
-Dense fog all day ; datk, cloudy niglit.
-Fine, but dull day ; fog at niglir. ftloon visible.
-Thick fog in early morning. Fine day ; sun
shining generally. Fine night ; moon just
visible. Clotidless after midnight.
-Fine day. A'most continuous rain from 5 r.M. till
II P.M.
-Very fine, bright day ; at times overcast. Rain
from 10 PM. Strong wind.
-Slight rain about 8 AM. Gale of wind all day
and night. Fine, clear night.
-Fine, bright day. Heavy rain from 7 p i\i. to
8 p M. Cloudless and fine at midnight.
October 13 the highest temperatures were 68° at
Sheffield, 67° at Hull, and 66°. I at Nottingham ; the
highest at Bolton was 57°. 4, at Brighton and Bristol
61°. The general mean was 63°. 2.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 32°.$ at
Sheffield, 34° at Hull, and 34°. 3 at Wolverhampton ;
the lowest at Liverpool was 44°. 7, at Bradford 43°. 2,
and 43° at Brighton. The general mean was 38°. 4.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 35°. 5 at Sheffield, 33° at Hull, and 30° at Truro ;
the smallest ranges were l6'*.2 at Liverpool, lS° at
Brighton, and i8°.9 at Bolton. The general mean
was 24°. 8.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 62°.4, at Cambridge 60°. 3, and at
Plymouth and Sheffield 60°. i ; and were lowest at
Bolton, 55°.9, at Wolverhampton 56°, and at Liver-
pool 56°. 7. The general mean was 58°. 3.
The means of the seven low night temperatures were
highest at Liverpool, 49°. S, at Bradford 47°.6, and
at Cambridge 47°.2 ; and were lowest at Hull, 5l°.7,
at Plymouth 43"-2, and at Wolverhampton 44°.
The general mean was 45°- 5.
The mean daily range of temperatur« was greatest
at Hul.l, I7°.7, at Plymouth l6°.9, and at Truro
l6°.4 ; and were least at Liverpool, 6°.9, at Bradford
9°.7, and at Bolton I0°.7, The general mean was
I2°.8.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 53°,
at Cambridge 52°.6, and at Liverpool 52°. 2 ; and
was lowest at Wolverhampton, 48°.9, at Bolton
49°. 4, and at Hull 49°.5. The general mean was 50°. 9.
Jiain, — The largest falls were — o. 58 inch at Truto,
0.36 inch at Hull, and 0.2S inch at Leeds; the
smallest falls were O-Oi inch at Plymouth, and 0.04
inch at Cambridge and Bradford. The general mean
was o. 16 inch. No rain fell at Brighton, Bristol, or
Blackheath.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing October 13 the highest temperature was 74'''3> ^^
Aberdeen ; at Edinburgh the highest in the week
was 61°. The general mean was 67°-8.
The lowest temperature in the week was 31°. I,
at Aberdeen ; at Greenock the lowest in the week
was 39°.2. The general mean was 35°. 4-
The mean temperature was highest at Perth, 52°. 9 ;
and lowest at Greenock, 50°.6. The general mean
was 5i°.6.
Rain. — The largest fall was 0.39 inch, at Greenock ;
and the smallest was 0.20 inch at Glasgow. The
mean fall was 0.21 inch. No rain at Leiih or Perth.
JAMES GL.MSHER, F.R.S.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending October 13 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea increased from 30.44 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.54 inches by 9 a.m. on
the 8th, decreased to 29 88 inches by 9 A.M. on the
nth, increased to 30.11 inches by midnight on the
1 2th, and was 30.06 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 30.19 inches, being 0.35 inch higher than
last week, and 0.32 inch above the average of the
week.
Temperature. — - The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 62°, on the loth ; the highest
reached on the 7 th was 54°. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 57°.6.
The lowest temperature in the week was 41°. 5, on
the 13th ; the lowest on the 9th was 52°. The mean
of the seven low night temperatures was 46°.2.
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
18°. 5, on|the 13th ; and the smallest was 5°.5, on the
9th. The mean of the seven daily ranges was II°.4-
The mean temperatures were — on October 7, 49° ;
on the 8th, 55°.2 ; on the 9th, 54°.! ; on the loih,
52°.5 ; on the nth, 5i°.4 ; on the 12th, 49°.5 ; and
on the I3lh, 5o°.S ; of these the 8th, gth, loth, nth,
and 13th were above their averages by 3°, 2°.2, i°.2,
0°. I, and 0°. I respectively, and the 7th and 12th were
below by 3°.6 and I°.S respectively.
The mean temperature was 51°. 8, being 4°.2 higher
than last week, and o°.2 above the average of the
week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 109°, on the loth. The mean of the seven
readings was 76°.9.
The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb on short grass was 35°. i, on the 13th.
The mean of the seven readings was 76°.9.
Rain. — No rain fell during the week.
England : Tcniperature.—Yi'O.xmg the week ending
He that gitesiloiuth much sliall learn muck. — Bacon.
CuPRESSUS MACROCAKPA. — Will some correspondent
oblige by stating the height of the largest trees of this
species known to them? Is the timber of any use?
Have seedlings been raised from home-grown seeds?
How did the tree bear the recent severe winters? -V,
[Some fine trees encircle Mr. Tennyson's park at Fresh-
water, Isle of Wight, but it is probable that larger speci-
mens are to be found in Devonshire, and there are large
ones at Castle Kennedy, in Wigtonshire. Ed. J
Sparassis crispa. — Can any good fungiologist ex-
plain how to cook and dress up Sparassis crispa, several
being found here in most seasons ? One, large and fresh,
is nearly ready for use. Agaricus.
Answers to Correspondents.
Names of Flowers and Fruit. — Correspond-
ents are requested to remember that while wc are
at all times anxious to oblige them, so far as we can
consistently do so, it is no part of our duty to name
plants or fruit, and especially to remember that to
do so involves an expenditure of money, time, and
labour on our part which cannot be allowed to
interfere with our obligations to our subscribers at
large. It is for the most part impossible to give
the names required in the current week's issue.
Under no circumstances can we imderlake to name
more than six specimens at one lime, and then only
whi^n the specimens are well selected, well packed,
and carefully numbered. Inattention to these
points can only result in disappointment.
Apple Show: A. O. Walker. Such a form as you
suggest has, we are informed, been sent to all the exhi-
bitors at the Chiswick show, and no doubt most
valuable information will be furnished by them ; but
the labour in compiling is so great, and all extra work
as far as the ofiicials are concerned, that we do not
think they could be asked to take a wider field than
they have done. We earnestly hope that the report
may not be shelved, as that relating to the effects of
frost was.
Books : A. H. The following would all be useful to
you : — Johnson's Gardeners' DicdoJiary (Bell & Sons) ;
The Art of Graftivg aiid Budding, by Ch. Baltet
[Garden Office, Southampton Street, W.C. ) ; A
Ma7iual of Cofiiferts (James Veitch & Sons) ; Thom-
son's Gardeners' Assistant {^-as^XQ & Son). — W. Reid.
The works you mention are only to be had at second-
hand hook-stalls. There is no good modern book on
the subject. — T. B. "Thompson's Dictionary" is
unknown to us, but Thompson's Gardeners' Assistant
is published by Blackie & Co,
California : A. T. Arthur. Write to the Editor of
the American Agriculturist^ Broadway, New Yoik.
There are no books published in this country likely to
be of any use to you.
Cucumber Disease : IF. J. B. B. The leaf enclosed
is very thin and poor in texture, denoting a want of
vigour, through which the plants have succumbed.
We can only advise you to persevere in the course you
have taken, and to get a change of seed, say from
healthy plants grown in some other locality.
Double Pink Bramble ; R. P. G. A very pretty
form, figured by us in 1878, vol. x , p. 241. We
should be glad if you could verify the allegation that
it has been found wild in Perthshire. It is quite pos-
sible, but we have no record of it.
Diseased Vine : A. M. We do not find a trace of
Phylloxera eiiher on roots or leaves. The roots, how-
ever, are in a dying state. Is there something wrong
with the drainage of the border at the end where the
Vines in question are growing?
Eucalyptus Seeds : J. IV. O. These can be sown
in the late autumn or early spring ; in the first case,
they must be kept in a cool greenhouse till vegetated,
whilst those sown in spring can be kept in a tempera-
ture of from ^^^ to 60° minimum. If the seed is very
fine, merely sprinkling on a slightly loosened surface
is sufficient, afterwards slightly watering ; in the case
of larger seed they can be covered to about their own
depth with soil. Loam, peat, and sand is a suitable
mixture, placed in shallow pans or boxes well drained.
Keep the soil darkly shaded till growth begins.
Grape Judging at Edinburgh : Fair Play and No
Favour, if really in earnest, should have made his
enquiries earlier, and have addressed them either to
the judges direct, or to the Council of the Society.
Our correspondent, like ourselves, can perhaps remem-
ber many Edinburgh shows at which "a good deal of
adverse criticism " was heard, and, on second thought,
may conclude with us that the latest instance is a
matter of no general public interest.
Grapes at Edinburgh : Anxious Enquirer. The
show was held in September, 1875. when Mr. Curror
showed the heaviest bunch, Trebbiana, weighing
26 lb. 4 oz. ; Mr. Dickson being next, with White
Nice, 25 lb. 15 oz.
Grass Walk : E. A. M. The grass evidently dies on
account of the shade and drip from the overhanging
trees. Nothing can be done, ii you must retain the
green walk, but to sow a suitable grass mixture for
shady ground, which any respectable seedsman will
make up for you ; or you can liy fresh turf every
spring.
Insects : Anxious S. We have ound no trace of
insects on either the leaves or roots of your Vines
(except mealy-bug), nor any in the pasteboard box.
The leaves seem healthy, but on the underside they
are thickly covered with very minute green tubercles.
These may be the result of the punctures of the bug,
but we rather think they result from improper culture
or soil. /. O. IV.
Lapageria : C. T. It seems to us that your Lapa-
geria refuses to make good growth from the unsuit-
ability of the soil. If you could plant it out into a
specially made border of loam and peat coarsely
broken, and with a good portion of sand mixed with it,
it would do better. You could then layer a few shoots,
and so put, as it were, new roots to it. If you cannot
do this try repotting, placing the pot over a large open
pan, which must be kept filled with water. Do not
let the bottom of the pot touch the water.
Names of Fruits : H. R. B. i, Mar^chal de la Cour ;
2, not known ; 3, Easter Beurr6 ; 4, Ribston Pippin ;
5, Golden Russet ; 6, Golden Reinette. — W. H. God-
frey. I, Adams' Pearmain ; the others apparently all
local sorts unknown to us. — Camjee. I'he coloured
Apple is Yorkshire Beauty ; the green one we do not
recognise. — J . U. i, Denyer's Victoria Plum ; 2, may
be Black Hamburgh, but we are not sure ; 3, Wests
St. Peter's Grape.— A". B. Apples: i, Golden Noble ';
2, Dumelow's Seedling ; 3, Old English Codlin ; 4,
Keswick Codlin ; 5, Yorkshire Beauty ; 6, not known ;
7, Carlisle Codlin ; 8, Yorkshire Greening ; the others
are not known. — A. Z., Maresfield. Burchard's Seed-
ling Apple. — G. F. G. I, Apple not recognised.
Pears : 2, Doyenne du Comice ; 3, Beurrc de Capiau-
mont ; 4, not known ; 5, Autumn Bergamot ; 6, Ne
Plus Meuris ; 7, Beurre d'Aremberg ; 8, Hessle ; 9,
Marie Louise.— 5. C. H. Apple, Mere'de Menage.—
W.Markly. Apple, Cox's Pomona.— A*. Z. Apple not
known. — Bai-ker. Apple not known. — H. H., Ealing.
Your two Pears, of which we give outlines at p. 509,
are Jersey GratioU (fig. 84), and Urbaniste (fig. 85);
both sorts commonly grown in London market
gardens.
Names of Plants : J. McP. i, Populus candicans ;
2, P. alba ; 3, P. alba var. nivea ; 4, P. monilifera ; 5,
P. grandidentata ; 6, P. alba var.— C W. D. Helian-
thus near Maximilianus. — Thomas Gregory. 1, Pyrus
Aria ; 2, Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus) ; 3, no flower —
a Chamasranthemum ; 4, may be the young leaves of
a Jacaranda ; 5, Escallonia macrantha, a var. of E.
rubra. — Cecidomyia. Dogwood (Comus sanguinea).
— Cannon ^ Reid. We cannot undertake to name
the seeds of weeds. — B. S. i, Euphorbia splendens.
Yes, the juice is poisonous, as is usually more or less
October 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
511
the case with milky-juiced plants ; 2, Salvia splcndens ;
3, Achillea millefolium ; 4, the golden-leaved form of
Lamium purpureiim. — J. 11. Polypodium dryopieris
— British.— .S/fj Flora, Scarhoroui^h. i, Rclinospora
leptoclada ; 2, Scabiosa purpurea ; 3, Matricaria
inodora ; 4, Senecio silvaticus ; 5, Sequoia seniper-
virens. — Halsiead Ct" Shand. — i, Athyrium Filix-
fcemina, one of the many tassellcd forms ; 2, Polysti-
chum angulare cristatuni ; 3, Polystichum acultatum
nmltifiduin ; 4, 5, crested forms of Lastrea Filix-
mas. 'I'lie tips of the fronds are very poor samples
for naming, especially in the case of varieties of this
character. C. M. O. Lycopodium ulici folium, of
which L. Hookcri is a synonym. — ■ Rcs^inald Voufii,'^.
A poor variety of I^xlia purpurata. — Delta. Ampe-
lopsis tricuspidata, commonly called A. Veilchii.
Pteris sekrulata Si^edlings : C. P. i, Though
different, this has too much the general character of
Pteris serrulata Pocockii to make it desirable as a
commercial plant ; 2, distinct— it might be called
Pteris serrulata multifurcata ; 3, distinct, but not an
elegant or attractive form, so far as we can judge from
the frond sent.
Russian Nuts : E. \V. G. The cones of Pinus Com-
bra.
Seedling Apple : F. T, Mott. Your seedling Apple,
named the Plantagenet Pippin, very closely resembles
a variety called Queen Caroline ; and there are so
many better sorts in existence that it is not worth
propagating to send out.
Tennis Court: G. G. The safest and best plan would
be to water the court with strong silt brine, as hot as
you can conveniently apply it.
Twin Bi'.an : D. L, The union of two Bean-pods is
not unusual. The typical or ideal leguminous flower
should have five such, and this actually occurs some-
times.
Vines and Pears : Jackson. In the case of the Vine-^,
you can strip off the rougher portion of the bark in
winter, and then paint them as directed in our Vine
Calendar at p. 499. Then remove the upper portion
of the inner Vine border, which contains many perfect
insects, as well as numerous eggs. Well wash all
woodwork with hot water and soda, or soft-soap, and
lime-wash all the walls. For the rest look sharply after
the bug early in the season, and touch nests of them
with methylated spirits. The Pears may be white-
washed with quicklime, in which clay, sulphur, and
soot have been well mixed ; this will suffocate the Pear
scale, which will fall off during the summer, or it may
be syringed off after it has remained on, from now till
the spring.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
] . C. Wheeler & Son, Gloucester — Hardy Trees and
Shrubs, Pruit Trees, Roses, &c.
J. M. Thoruurn & Co., 15. John Street, New York —
American Seeds for the European Wholesale Trade
only.
Thomas Horsman, 102, Godwin Street, Bradford —
Dutch Bulbs, Roses, Fmit Trees, &c.
P, E. Francken, Steenbrugge, near Bruges, Belgium-
Hardy Trees and Shrubs.
R. & G. Cuthbert, Southgate, N. — Roses, Fruit
Trees, Shrubs, *S;c.
William Fisher, Hurton-on-Trent — Dutch Bulbs,
Trees and Shrubs, &c.
L. Spath. 154, Kupnickerstrasse, Berhn — Hardy Trees
and Shrubs, &c.
Thomas Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth — Fruit Trees,
Selected Roses, &c.
William Rumsev, Waltham Cross, N. — Rose^, Fruit
Trees, &e.
James Walters, Mount Radford, Exeter — Roses.
7. Margottin Fils, Bourg-la-Reine, near Paris —
Roses, Trees, and Shrubs.
Kelway & Son, Langport, Somerset— Gladioli.
Communications Received.— S. H. M. H.— H. S.— G.Wood.
—A. N. Jones.-H. L. ;& Co.— C. M. O.— F. K. (many
thanks).— J. H.-T. N. — W. M.-G. Duffield.-W. L.—
Dorset. — A. Bishop (you should advertise your new variety,
if you wish to make it known). — R. G.— W. S. — W. G. P.—
W. B. K.-J.— E. A. M.— H. E.-Paul & Son.-E. V. B.—
I. W. O.— E. W. A.— R. S. G.-W. T.. Ipswich.— E. J. B.
— R. P.-F. W. B.— H. E. B.-D. T.— C. Rann (many
thanks).— W. F. G.— J. Carter & Co.— J. H. E. (next week).
arhets.
COVE NT GARDEN, Ociobcr 18.
TiTE Apple trade has somewhat improved, good
samples coming shorter. Hothouse Grapes in full
supply. Business generally quiet. James Webber^
Wholesale Apple Market.
Plants in Pots.— Avkrage Wholesale Prices.
Aralia Sieboldii, doz.12
Arbor-vitse (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6
— (common), dozen 6
Asters, per doz. .. 4
Begonias, per doz. . . 6
Bouvardia, doz. ..12
Caladiums, per doz. 6
Chrysanth., per dor. 6
Coleus, doz 2
Dracaena term. doz. 30
— viridis, per doz. . . 12
Erica, various, doz. 9
Euonymus, various,
per dozen .. ..9
Evergreens^ in var.,
p«i dozen . . . . 6
d. s. d.
0-24 o
0-18 o
O-IZ o
0-90
0-12 o
0-18 o
0-24 o
0-18 o
0-60
0-60 o
0-24 o
0-18 o
0-18 o
s. d. J. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90
Liliums, various, per
dozen .. ..12 0-33 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen ., .. 8 0-12 o
Migoonnette, doz. .. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. ., 6 &-12 o
Palmsin variety,each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . z o- 6 o
Solanums, per dozen 8 0-15 0
Cut Flowers.— Aveka
5, d. s. d.
Abutilon. 12 bunches 20-40
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 40-60
Asters, 12 bunches.. 4 o 12 o
— French, per bun. 30-40
Azalea, white, 12 spr. 10-20
Bouvardias, per bun. 1 o- i f
Camellias, per do?.. . 3 o- 0 o
Carnations, 12 blms. 10-30
— 12 bunches .. 30-60
Chrys^nth , 12 blms, 2 c- 6 o
— 12 bunches .. 40-90
Cornflower. la bun.. 16-40
Cyclamen, 12 blooms 03-06
Dahlias, 12 bun. .. 30-60
Eucharis, per doz. .. 40-60
Gardenias, 12 btms.. 40-60
Gladioli, 12 spikes.. 10-30
Heliotropes. i2sp. .. o 6- i o
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . . .,30-60
red, 12 blooms.. 10-30
r,E Wholesale Prices.
s.
Liliums, 12 blooms., o
Marguerites, 12 bim. 6
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2
Myosoiis, or Forget-
ni«-not, p. 12 bun. 2
Pansies, 12 bunches o
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. t
— zonal, 12 sprays o
Primula, double, bun. i
Roses (indoor), doz, 2
— (outdoor), 12 bun. 3
— coloured, doz. . . 3
Stcphanotis, 12 spr. 4
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 2
Troptcolum, 12 bun. i
Tuberoses, per doz.. 1
Violets, 12 bunches., i
— French, per bun. i
— Parme, per bun. 4
Wallflower, 12 bun.. 3
White Jasmine, bim. o
d. s. d.
6- I 6
o- 9 o
0-60
0-60
9-16
0-16
3-06
0-16
0-60
0-60
c- 8 o
0-60
Q- 4 O
0-20
0-20
c- 5 o
0-40
6-10
Lilac, white Fr.,bun. 8 0-10 o
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d. 1 *. d. s. d.
Apples, J<-sieve .. 10- 30! Lemons, per case.. 2) o- 30 o
Cobs, per 100 lb. ..100 0-116 o Melons, each .. 10-30
Figs, per dozen .. 10- .. Peaches, per doz. .. 2 0-12 o
Grapes, per lb. .. 10-30' Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 20-50
Vegetables — Average Retail Prices.
. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz.
Beans, French, lb...
— Scarlet, per lb...
Beet, per doz.
Cabbages, per doz. . .
Carrots, per bun.
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen
Celery, per bundle . .
Cucumbers, each ..
Endive, English, per
dozen
Garlic, per lb.
Herbs, per bunch . .
03-..
10-..
1 o- 2 o
04-06
2 t>- 3 o
16-26
o 4- o S
10-..
!(>-..
02-04
s. d. s. d.
Horse Radish, bund. 30-40
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. .. : o- ..
— Cos, per dozen . . 16-..
Mint, green, bunch. . 06- ,.
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch ,. o fi- ..
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch.. 04-..
Radishes, per doz. .. 1 6- ..
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..06-09
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 02-04
Potatos.— Kent Kidneys, £4 tO;t4 ios. per ton ; do.. Regents,
jC^s. ics. to jC'i ics. ; Champions, £2 i"- to jQy 155. per ton.
SEEDS.
LoNDO>f : Oel. 17. — An increased inquiry for red
Clover seed is now manifesting itself, and a few parcels,
more particularly French, have recently changed hands.
Rather higher prices are this morning cabled from
America. More money is asked for white Clover seed.
There is nothing doing in Trefoil. For grass seeds
there is a slow sale. Trifolium is not now wanted. The
trade for winter Vetches is poor. Blue Peas realise last
week's currencies. Feeding Linseed is steady. Jo/in
Shaw 6^ Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mnr& Lane,
London, E.C.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday, English Wheat being in
small supply, was held for steady prices, but hardly met
so ready a sale as on the previous Friday. Foreign
Wheat was in several instances rather pressed for sale,
resulting in irregular and lower rates. Excepting for
finest qualities, prices were virtually 6d. to \s. per quarter
lower on the week. Malting Barley was firm, but grind-
ing sorts were dull, and occasionally rather less money
was taken. Beans were firm in value, and English Peas
well supported. Maize was firmly held, flat corn
in favour of sellers, but round dull. Oats met a slow
sale. — On Wednesday transactions in Wheat were of
only retail extent, at irregular and at easier prices where
sales were forced. Flour was also difficult of sale, and
drooping in value. Malting Barley was held firmly, but not
much in request ; grinding sorts dull, and in favour of
buyers. Beans and Peas were inactive, the latter scarce.
For Oats buyers were reserved in their [operations ; for
common Revel and Libau slightly easier rates were
accepted. American mixed Maize was firm, but the
market was dull for other descriptions. — Average prices
of corn for the week ending Oct. 13 : — Wheat, 40;. 8t/. ;
Barley, 34J. 4;/. ; Oats, 19^. ^d. For the corresponding
period last year :— Wheat, 39J. 2d. \ Barley, 34J. ; Oats,
191. id.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that the
supplies are good, and trade rather dull. Quotations : —
Prime old Clover, loos. to 115J. ; inferior, 6oj. to 751. ;
prime second cut, 90^. to ioSj. ; best meadow hay, 80/.
to 88.t. ; inferior, 40^. to 6^s. ; and straw, 30J. to 40J.
per load.— On 'i'hursday tliere was a good supply. The
trade was quiet at late prices. — Cumberland Market
quotations ; — Superior meadow hay, 84^. to 921. ; infe-
rior, 63J. to 721. ; superior Clover, 1005. to ii2j. ; infe-
rior, 70J^. to 921. ; and straw, 36?. to 40J. per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that there was a good supply on sale, for which the
demand was quiet at the following quotations ;— Mag-
num Bonums, 755. to S5J. ; Victorias, 75^. to 85J. ;
Regents, 75^. to 90^. ; Champions, 60^. to jos. ; Rocks,
60X. to yos. per ton. — Foreign : Blues, 4s. to 4^. ^d. ;
Snowflakes, 3J. gd. to 4^. per bag.
Goveminent Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at ioi| to ioi4 for delivery, and ioi| to loi-jg for the
account. Thc"final prices of Tuesday were as on the
preceding day for dehvery, and ioi| to ioi| for the
account, and there was no alteration to record on Wed-
nesday. Thursday's closing figures were loi^ to ioi|
for delivery, and loii to 101^ for the account.
To His
Royal
Hiphncss
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
UsB CHUBB. ROUND and CO.'s Patkn r
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'3 PATENT PKOCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guarantbkd Adsoluthlv Pure. Frre from any
Foreign Intermixtuke. Manufactured on the premises
from the lamous '* Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained fioin U' direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following :— From Mr. Charles Pknnv,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Piince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 18S3. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Rtfuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you hke of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, liulbs.
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS,
A?i elegant Bordering to Flmver Beds. Combines zvarmth
and clcanlijiesi ivith valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
IS. td. each; 10 sacks, 13^ ; 15 sacks, 185. ; 20 sacks, 235. ;
30 sacks, 305. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks onlis 25. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, CHDBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works. West Ferry Road, Mdlwall, London, E.
A SPECIALITY,
BEESON'S ROSE, VINE, and PLANT
MANURE.
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all particulars please apply to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills,
SHEFFIELD.
Also GROUND BONES for Vine Bottlers, Potting, &c.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPAKED COMPOST, EAFFIA FIBKE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, fee.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks for 20J.
,, best black fibrous .. 3J. 6(/. per sack ; 5 sacks for 1 51.
.. e.xtra selected Orchid .. .. ^. od, ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. ..\
PREPARED COMPOST, best .. [is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. .. ( included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) .. .. 11. 3rf. per busheL
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. icrf. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH .finest imported . . Sii. per lb. , 28 !b. 181.
,. PAPER, finest imported speciality 8(^. per lb., 28 lb. i8j.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides, and all Parasites.
To prevent American Blight, all kinds ol Scale, &c., and
for Washing all Hard-wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
A i lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonials.
" Coton Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28. 1880.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American BliRht and all kinds ol Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly, „
(Signed) "JOHN JONES AND CO."
"201, Broad Street. Birmingham, August 15. 18S3.
"Dear Sir, -I have lately tried Hudson's Extract of Soap
for the mildew on my Rose trees in the greenhouse, and I find
that with one syiinging it completely cures it instantly. I should
say I tiled it some time ago with the same result Yours truy,
' (Signed) " W. JAMES.
SOLD EVERVIVHERS.
BEMABKABLi DISAPPEARANCE !
of all DIET from EVERYTHING
ISV USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
512
THE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 1883.
1
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
The Vineyard and NurserleB. Garston, near Liverpool,
attdSold by tlteni and all Nurserymen and Seedsjnen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
GISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew. Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing lor Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, \s.,y.,%i\o5.td.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions (or use, in boxes, bd
and II. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited), London.
OBACCO PAPER (Roll), CLOTH and
CORD — Excellent quality ; unique value.
LINDSAY AND CO., Tobacconists, Leith Walk, Edinburgh.
ILVER SAND.— Coarse, \s. id. per bushel,
25r. per ton. Bags (holdmg 2 bushels) ^d. each.
J . N U N N , Great Clowes Street, Manchester.
s
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raisbd
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon.
LABELS.
:^
WATEBPBOOF ROSE TBEE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
CO.,
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—
The Warmest Coveiings for Pits and Frames.
Sizes— 6 ft. 6 in. Xsfl, gin., is. ; 6ft. 6 in. x 4(1. 6 in , 2^. ^d. ;
6 ft. 6 in. X 7 ft., 3i-. -zd. Apply to
Miss MOLTQUE, Aston Clinton, Tring. Bucks.
PROTECT YOUR PLANTS
?r
FRIGI DOMQ
REGISTERED
trade'mARK
From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds.
A perfect Non-conductor of Heat, keeping
Wherever it is applied an even Temperature.
To be had of all Nurserymen and Florists.
Tor price list* particulars Address*
RENJAMINUDGINGTON
U 2 Poke ST tuL Iondon S/voge
Russia Mat Mrrcbants.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9, James
Street, Covent Garden, W.C., can offer a very fii e parcel
of new ARCHANGEL MATS at a very low price. Immense
stock of PETERSBURG MATS and RAFFIA FIBRE.
EUSSIA MATS,
Archaneel. Taganrog, Petersburg, and Dunnage.
SACKS and SEED BAGS. ROPES. LINES and TWINES.
RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO PAPER. PEAT and SILVER SAND.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. li. ^d. per sack
(sacks included). Descriptive CATALOGUE on applicaiion.
JAUES T. ANDERSON,
14Q, Commercial Street, London, E.
ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MAT
MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS.-All the usual
kinds at reduced rates. Sacks and Seed Bags, new and second-
hand, of every description. Raffia Fibre, Netting and Tiffany,
Tarpaulins, Rick-covers, Horse-cloibs, Ropes, Lines, and
Twines. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and
SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, EC.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,
HORTICULTURAL i««.w._. * AND HEATING
BUILDERS ..^^^^^^ ENGINEERS.
VINERIES
Erected in correct style, of fir^t-
cla&s materials.
CONSERVATORIES.
GREENHOUSES
Erected in all parts of the World
by competent m«n.
GARDEN FRAMES OF EVERY VAKIETy.
No. 74. Three-quarter Span-roof Garden Frame.
Cash Prices, Carriage Paid.
No. 2 . . 8 feet long . . 6 feet wide .. £,\ 15 o
No. 3 .. 12 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 6 10 o
No. 4 . . 16 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 850
These Frames are 13 inches deep io front. 24 inches deep at
back, and 32 inches in the centre. Front or back lights turnover.
Set-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted four coats of
best oil colour, the lights glazed with best 21-oz. English glass.
General CA T A LOG UE post-free, t-wenty-fma
No. 75. Melon or CucuniT)er Frames.
Cash Prices, Carriage Paid.
No. 2 .. 8 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. £,^ 7 6
No. 3 . . 12 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 4176
No. 4 . . 16 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 676
These Frames are 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches deep
I at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with an iron bar and
one handle to each light. All painted four coats of best oil
I colour, the lights glazed with ai-oz. English glass.
fenny stamps. Estimates and Lists Post-free.
THE "STANDARD''
TREE PRUNER.
This implement is unrivalled
for Pruning. Trimming, and
Thinning-out Trees of all kinds,
Shrubs, Fruit Bushes, Vines, &c.
Is used in the Parks and Gardens
of the Queen, H.R.H.the Prince
of Wales, the principal Nobility,
and is also ordered by Her Ma-
jesty's Commissioners of Works
and the Metropolitan Board of
Work?, to be generally adopted
in the Parks and Gardens under
their control. The leading Horti-
cultural Authorities join in the
universal opinion as to its being
the best tool for the purpose ever
^^^^^ invented. Its length varies from
^^^gSj'*^^^^^^^^^^S^g 2 to 20 feet, and its price from
•^^^^rSJyrri^irrJiyirti^lTaajM 4^. dd. each. It is Sold by the prin-
cipal Ironmongers and Seedsmen, from whom Illustrated Price
Lists can be obtained, or of the Sole Proprietors and Makers,
THE STANDARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
Patentees and General Machinists. Strand Arcade, Derby.
IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,
Iron and Wire Espalier, &c., &c.
MATERIALS WIRING GARDEN WALLS.
GALVANISED.
EYES, ^d. per dozen. HOLDFASTS, with
Winders, ^s. per dozen. WIRE, 2J. per ico yards.
Illustrated CATALOGUE Free on atplicalion.
BATLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,
VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London. E.C.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
The Best
and Quickest
Hade.
4-ijl Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long, 4^. ^d. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, g feet long, 45. 6d. each.
Price List on application.
STOVES.
Terra-Cotia ! Portable ! For Coal!
BOBEKTS'S PATENT.
Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for
about \d., without attention. For Greenhouses,
Bedrooms, or almost any purpose. Pamphlet
and authenticated Testimonials sent. In use
daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOK
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
EED DRAWERS for SALE, ingoodcondi-
tion. Six Sets, containing 133 Drawers, in 9 different sizes.
Apply to H. GODDARD, Stone Groye, Kdgware,
s
UNDEB SPECLAJj KOYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sheep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as "Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£2 i6s. 6d., sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAT. SON & HEWITT, Is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark )
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwilhstariding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. ^ It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor (Jast'e, Ke* Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
fli'iering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons ench, at i^. dd. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" Fie rcejie/d Park, June 2X, 1876 —Sirs —I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow,— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfultv. Wm. Cox."
C.'J6'7'/(9iV.— Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
adveitised,
H. & S "s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the k-ngdom lor upwards of thirty years ;
and their conatantly increasing irade in it, and the numerous
'J'estimonials ihey leceive, SLamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every ca;k is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none i-; genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c.. sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.
sHIGHCATf; ROAD ,LOND0N.N.W§J«
October 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
513
POSTAL ORDERS.
TO ADVERTISERS, SUBSCRIBERS, AND OTHERS.
It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order t/iat it should be filled in payable at
DRURY LANK, to W. RICHARDS,
as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a
particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose
hands it may fall from negotiating it.
N.B.— The best and safest means 0/ remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER.
MODERN
FRUIT CULTURE
ON THE
CORDON SYSTEM.
J. CHEAL & SOIS'
NEW
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
of FRUIT TREES, Post-free.
Also Catalogue of Ornamental Trees and
Shrubs, Roses, Forest Trees, &c.
LOWFIELD NURSERIES,
CRAWLEY, SUSSEX.
HORTIODLTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES. TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.
'S d o
2 s
.B* O
HOT-WATEH
HARNESS
JAMiS BOYD ex. SONd,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS ani
HEATING ENGINEERS,
PAISLEY.
LONDON OFFICE : 48, Pall Mall, S.W
APPARATUS tor WARMINU CHURCHiS, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS
ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.
W A R N E R'S
PATENT
ANNULAR SAIL
AND
STAR WINDMILLS,
Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying
Farms, Railways, Mansions, &c.
Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are at Work in every part of the World.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Reliable made.
P ' including Timber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, _COR
r riCGj complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, Ju^U
Prices of larger sizes for Pumping, Grinding, Farm
and Mill Work in proportion.
Price Lists, Testimonials, and) T VXr A "D XT 1? 1? JP/» G^'NTQ I CRESCENT FOUNDRY,
Catalogues on application. } J . W xLAiN JllXt OC DV^XN O \ CRIFPLEGATE, LONDON. £.C.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
lai, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, E.G.
W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimales for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.G.
Illustrated Lists ol Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
DEANE &
CONSFRVATORUS h
CO.'S
GRFFNHflDSES.
The prices given include fc-ktCilNG COIM PLETE, with
all necessary brickwork, &c., within fifteen miles of London.
SPAN ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size.... isft. bygft. .. 20ft. by isfl. .. 25ft. by tsft.
Price .. £,T,Q .. ;^42 loj .. £,<^Z.
LEAN-TO GPEENHOUSE.
Size.. 10ft. by 6ft. lafc. by 8ft. isfi. by loll. 20ft. by 12ft.
Price. ^19 loj. 1,21, 105. £-iS) loj. ^£40.
Proponionate prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates/or Conseivatoriet. (tee.
THE LOUGHBOROUGH HOT WATER APPARATUS.
;£4 4y.— The simplest, cheapest, and most powerful, requiring no
Brick Setting, and no Hot-water Fitter for (ixing. LIsTS free.
DEANE &
(tJ'/kn LONDON
CO.,
BRIDGE.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above aie without exception the most useful kind o
Frame for Plant Growing, and eveiy one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn ri|.ht over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and piices carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and pained : —
6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free, £,i 15 o
12 feet long, 4 teet wide, ,, ,, ,, 4 15 o
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ ,, „ 3 iS o
12 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ „ 6 lo o
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
B,. HALLIDAY & CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON.
MANCHESTER.
HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY
REQUIRES NO OUISIDE PAINTING.
Adupttd h> His Royal Hit,hness the PrinLe of Wales.
Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.
Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Wuodwork Covered.
Plans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and
8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S W.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
looyardsfor loj., delivered at Burnley Station; or 85 jards
for los., delivered free per Parcels Post. Very useful pure Cotton
for Curtains, Blinds, Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Ser.d stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley,
5H
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 1883.
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine, on rail at 7^. ^d, per ton— not less than 4-ton trucks.
Terms cash.— Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate.
CABSQN'S PAINT.
Patronised by
HER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,
15,000 OF THE Nobility, Gbntry, and Clekgy.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUR.
I Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, a7id Testimonials, Post-free.
0 A ~R S O N S ,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON. E.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN;
and 55. ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Ctish.
#
(S\^
^^^^^E,r^^
21 oz. Foreign, of the following
<5:f
3d3 and 4tliB qualities always kept In stocb :—
14X12 20X12 20X14 20Xi6 20X18
;5xi2 16x14 20X15 22x16 22x18
18x12 18x14 18x16 24x16 24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can b« obtained
fi-om
OEORGE FARMILOE & SONS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS.
84, St. Jolin'8 Street. West Smltlifleld, London, E.a
TEN SILVER
SIEDALS
JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery,
Weston-super-maee, Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS.
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet o£ Designs, 6<^. Book of Designs, ij.
BErcTAN GLASS for^EETHbuSEST&c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 2a in. by iS in , in 16-oz.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in aoo-ft. and 3oo-ft. cases.
SPECIALLY CHEAP GLASS.
Packing Cases free and not returnable.
100 Squares, gocd Glass, at the following prices, in Leeds :—
15 oz. 21 oz.
12 by 9 for gr, 6rf.
14 by 10 for 13J. dd.
by 9 for iiJ. 6^,
13H tty 3 for XQ.S. (>d.
12 by q for 12J, td.
14 by 10 for i8s od.
by 9 for i8j. o^'.
HE''NRY WAIN'WRIGHT; Glis- and Lead Merchant,
J and 10, Alfred Street, Boar Lane, Leeds.
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
?^ suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and.
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars. S.E ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsiand Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c ,
from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, jent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Pavirg of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipss and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AKD CO., Buck and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
a I L V E R S AND,
"KJ fine or coarse gram as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade,
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St.. London, E.C.
ONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ;(C2oo,ooo. — Reserve Fund, £75,000.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from £to to
;£5ooo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds at ;^5 per cenL from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ,i^25o,ooo per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
(ESTADLISHBD 1867.)
Accidents 1-64. Comliill.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured agamsl by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;^ i ,00^,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;£250,coo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;£ 1,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Cleiks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
The Sydney Mail
NEW SOUTH WaUeS ADVERTISER.
CONTENTS .—
INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for this Journal.)
NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTR.V
LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.
THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
COMMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount of information on a great vaiiety of subjects.
Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.
Suigle Copies. Cd. ; Stamped, yd.
Publishing Oftice— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.
ENGLAND.
The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL:—
London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C.
Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard
Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,
Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 1S6, Strand.
Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance
Buildings.
Manchester. . James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh Robeitson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.
Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., is. Royal Exchange
Place.
^g" Copies of each Journal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers.
Belgian.
BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-
NICH. F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
ment at Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanica Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.
PAXTON'S CALENDAR.
Nolo ready, a Rei'ised Edition of the
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.
Originally Compiled by the late Sir Joseph Paxton, M.P.
Price yi.. Post Free -^^id.
H
W. RICHARDS, 4T, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND.
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.
EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.
To any one who owns a Flower- Pot, a Garden, or a Farm,
It is ludispensaMe,
because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thioR pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-out of Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It Is Reliable.
because its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.
It is always Seasonable,
because it forestalls iis readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.
It is Clean and Pure,
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything ihat could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums.
In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.
Subscriptlo7t Price, 5^, per year, including foreign-
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
on New- York or London.
B. K. BLISS &; SONS. Fublisliers.
34, BARCLAY STREET. NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Works for tlie Possessors of Gardens.
IGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A Handy Manual for the Improved Culiivation of all
Vegetables. By William Earley. Author of '' How to Grow
Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown
3vo, with Coloured Frontis u:. Price 4^. ta.
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COM-
PANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A com-
plete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of
every size. A New Edition. Fcap, cloth. Price 7 j.
London : BRADBURY. AGNEW and CO.. Bouverie
Street. E.C.
REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard.
E- Andre, C. Baltet, T. Buchetet, F. Eurvenich, F. Cr6pin,
Comle de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Detiterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. d« Vis, j. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkiodt Coninck, J, Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies. P. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A, Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.
This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.
Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year.
iiJ., payable in advance.
Publishing Oftice : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
zl the Chief Post-office. Ghent.
Farms, Estates, Residences.
Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the
MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
wliich the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Midland Counties
Herald Office, Birmingham." The Midland Cottnties Hernia
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.
Hemmed for Use.
Children's \s. to^zd. per dozen.
Ladies' 2s. iid. „
Gentlemen's .... js. iid. ,,
Ladies' 51. 1 id. , Gentlemen's 7^, 9 -/. per dozen.
*' The Irish Cambrics of
Messrs. Robinson & Cleaver,
Belfast, have a wci Id-wide
CAMBRIC
ID.— Lad
POCKET
Hemstitched.
Direct from
the Manu-
facturers.
SampIesandPriceListspost-free. fame " — The Queen.
By appointments to
the Queen and Crown
Princess of Germany.
KOBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST,
HANDKERCHIEFS.
CLEAVER,
October 20, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE,
S15
To AGRICULTURISTS, &c— A Single
Grntleman wishes to reside in the Country in one of
these Counties, namely, Surrey. Sussex, Hauls. Herts, Berks,
or Essex, for the purpose of CONTINUING his AGRICUL-
TURAL EDUCATION. He should like to LEARN about
HORTICULTURE and GARDENING as wclI.-Please state
the terms for Board, Resideuce. and Tuition, and all particulars,
by writing, to W. B. B., 14, New Burlington Street. London, W.
—Oct. 18. 1883.
WANTED, HEAD WORKING GAR-
DENER. Early and Late Forcing. Give full par-
ticul ars . — J O HN ECCLES. Fartngton House, nea r Preston.
W' ANTED, a GARDENER, thoroughly
efficient in all branches of the profession. Good
character. Cottage on the premises rent-free. — For further par-
ticulars, apply in the first instance to J. LAING, Stanstead
Park, Catford Bridge. Kent.
ANTED, a WORKING NURSERY
FOREMAN— active, energetic, and of strictly sober
habits. Must have had experience whtre all classes uf Nursery
Stocks are grown in large quantities, wiih a knowledge par-
ticularly of Propagating Shrubs and Conifeia: (or the Trade ;
who can Manage numbers of Workmen, and expert in attending
to the execution of orders. State age, where last, and how long
employed, when open to engage, and wages expected. Character
mxistbear the strictest investigation.— GARLIES MITCHELL,
Nurseryman, Stranraer.
^~ ^Foreman, and Market Plant Grower.
WANTED, a first-class GROWER for
Covent Garden, with character for sobriety, honesty,
and ability, from a similar situation. Must be able to direct
and Superintend the Management of a large place.— A. B.,
Gardeners Chronicle OlTice, 41, WelUngton Street, Strand, W.C.
Roae Grower.
WANTED, a single MAN, or married man
without family, to lake charge of the Roses under the
Head Gardener in a large private establishment. — WM.
PAUL AND SON, Paul's Nurseries. Waltham Cross.
WANTED, a MAN, to take charge of the
Lodge and Grounds of the Bury Dispensary Hospital ;
must have a knowledge of Gardening, and make himself gener-
ally useful under the superintendence of the House Committee ;
a married man preferred. None need apply without a character
for steadiness and civihty. Salary sor. per week, house, fire,
rates, and gas free.— Applications addressed to the SECRE-
TARY, Bury Dispensary. Knowsley Street, Bury.
ANTED, a cLeRK for Invoicing, &c.:
one accustomed to Seed Trade preferred.— State age,
experience, and wages, to J NO. JEFFERIES and SONS,
Cirencester.
Invoice Clerk.
WANTED, a young MAN, with some ex-
perience as such in the Seed and Nursery Trade.
Must be a good Penman, and have first-class references.-
DICKSON, BROWN and TAIT, 43 and 45, Corporation
Street, Manchester.
ANTED, an ASSISTANT, a good
Penman, and accustomed to Counting-house Work.
Salary 305. weekly. In application, give full pirticulars of
experience, age. and when free. — SEEDSMAN, iz. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
W' ANTED, an active MAN, in a Market
Establishment, to Pack Fruit and Execute Orders. A
fair Scholar, and one accustomed to Drive preferred. Wages
about 251. per week.— W. E. DAVIS, Market Gardener,
Whetstone, Middlesex, N.
Wanted, a warehouseman, also
a PORTER, for a London Wholesale House. Must be
honest, sober, and industrious. — Apply by letter, stating where
last employed, to M., Nutting & Sons, 60, Barbican, E.G.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
RI C H a~r15 S M ITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
BS. WILLIAMS begs. to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the difTerent capacities will be made. — Holloway. N.
Gardener (Head).— Age 40, married, one
child ; understands the profession in all its branches.
Twenty--even years' experience. Seven years' good character,
— G. OLIVER, The Gardens, Hanbury Hall, Droitwich.
GARDENER (Head).— Married ; thoroughly
experienced and energetic. Excellent Grape Grower.
Four years with present employer. Wife good Laundress. —
TOMLINSON, Four Ashes. Bridgnorth.
r:j.ARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman or
V^ Gentleman. Eighteen years' experience, also practical
knowledge of Bock-keeping and Accounts. First-class testi-
monials.—R. L., Merchiston Bank Gardens, Morningside,
Edinburgh.
(^ ARD E NE R^( H ead).— Thomas Rogers^
V^ Frimley Park, Farnborough Station, can with every confi-
dence recommend as above, where a man and b^y is kept.
Wife can take charge of House during absence of family.
Good Needle-woman.
C:^ARDENER (Head). — Married, Scotch,
VJ Steady, energetic, and trustworthy ; thirty years' practi-
cal experience in all branches of gardening, an excellent Grape
Grower and good Plantsman. Fifteen years' excellent reference.
—J. G., I, Alma Place, Malham Road, Forest Hill, S.E.
/:iARDENER (Head). — Mr. Lyon, Gar-
\^ dener to the Rt. Hon. Viscountess Ossington, will have
pleasure in recommending his Foreman to any Lady or Gentle-
man requiring the services of a thorough good Gardener. Full
particulars on application.— Ossington Gardens, Newark, Notts.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen.
GARDENER (Head). — Middle-aged,
married, no family : thoroughly practical. From long
experience in first-class places las acquired a thorough know-
ledge in every branch of Horticulture ; understands the Erec-
tion and Healing of Glasshouses on the most approved principle,
also Landscape Gardening, and the Planting of Woods and
Parks. Was for sixteen years Head CJardener at Lulworth
Castle, left through death of E. J. WUd. Esq. ; previous to that
was Head Gardener to the Duke of Leeds, Hornby Castle, and
obtained many prizes for Grapes, Pines, and Peaches.— J. H.,
Messrs. Cooling & Son, Nurserymen, Bath,
GARDENER (Head Working), where not
less than five are kept. —Age ■2'.}, married, no family;
good experience in atl branches. — 0. S., Little Gaddesden
House, Great Berkhampsted, Herts.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,
married, no family ; thcroughly experienced in alt
branches. Good testimonials and personal character. — C. B.,
Messrs. Gregory & Evans, Sidcup, Kent.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32,
married, no family ; good crop grower. Flower and
Kitchen Gardener. Wife good Cook and Dairy-woman. —
bCALV, 7, Highland Place, Aberd.ire, Wales.
GARd'eNER (Head Working).— Age 34,
married, one child; thoroughly practical and proficient
in all branches. Employer giving up place cause of leaving.
Excellent character, — A, B., 5, Beech Road, Sevenoaks.
To Gentlemen.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age ^6,
married ; good at Forcing Fruit, and a successful Grower
of Orchids. Ferns, and Plants.— A. BROWN, 4, Fern Grove,
Feltham, Middlesex
GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or three more are kept. — Age 32, married ; thoroughly
understands the profession in all its branches. Eighteen years'
practice. Six years' good character from present employer.—
C. ftL\RSHALL, 17, Chapel Road, Abergavenny, Mon.
GARDENER (HEAD Working) ; age 31,
married. — A. Barker, Gardener to the late Lady C. W.
Fitzwilliam, is desirous of a situation as above. Five and a
half years" good character.— A. BARKER, Warmsworth Hall,
Doncaster, Yorks.
GARDENER (HEAD Working) ; age 29.
— E. Clakke, Gardener, Cannon Hall, Barnsley. can
confidently recommend his Foreman, John Street, to any one
requiring the services of a man well up in Fruit and Plant
Growing. Two years in present situation. — Apply as above.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40,
married, no family ; twenty years' experience in Forcing
Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables. Wife can Manage Dairy, or
take charge of Country House. — JOHN TURNER,
Cormonger's, Nulfield, Surrey.
GARDENER. — Age 28,^ married when
suited ; twelve years' experience in all branches. Good
character fiom present situation. — A. W. , Miss Allen, Book-
seller, Edgware, Middlesex.
GARDENER.— Age 25 ; eight years' Gar-
dener to the late Mr. J R. Scott, of Walihamstow.
Understands Orchids. Good references. — B. SHIP, Mrs.
Scott, The Drive, Walthamstow.
GARDENER ; age 31. married, one child. —
A Gentleman is anxious to recommend his late Gardener,
who is an able and efficient man, thoroughly understanding
his work in all its branches.— G. B. KIMPTON, Hoo Gardens,
Welwyn, Herts.
GARDENER (Single-handed, or where
help is given). — Age 26 married, one child ; good cha-
racier.— M. G., Aston-Ie-Walls, Byli-.ld, North Hants
GARDENER (Second, or good Single-
handed). — Age 25 ; good character and references. Ten
years' experience in thorough places. — A. DICKINSON, Stone
House Gardens, Canterbury.
GARDENER (Under), where one or two
are kept, or Single-handed and to make himself gener-
ally useful. — Age 24; good references. — G. P., 11, Frith's
Buildings, Eltham, Kent.
To Gentlemen.
MANAGER.— To Grow for Market exten-
fively Fruit, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Roses. Orchids, &c.,
for Cut Flowers in quantity. — BETA, ic, Stockwell Park Road,
Clapham, S.W.
To Nurserymen.
MANAGER, or FOREMAN and PROPA-
GATOR of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants for Market or
otherwise. — Age 40; well up in any Branch of Nursery Work.
Good refeience. — CHASE, 23, Brctenliam Road, Granville
Estate, Edmonton.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age
27 ; thirteen years' practical experience in large establish-
ments.—HORTUS, 14. Ifield Road, West Brompton, S.W.
FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24 ; nine
years' experience in Fruit, Plants, and Forcing. Excel-
lent references. Bothy preferred. — G. W. H., 5, Weston Road,
Farwig, Eromley, Kent.
FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's
establishment. — Age 24 ; has had ten years' experience.
Total abstainer. Good character.— JOHN YULL, J. Yull,
The Nursery, Briston, Dereham, Norfolk.
FOREMAN, or under a good Foreman in a
large establishment. — Age 20, single ; eighteen months*
good character. Leaving through place being sold. — J.
LIDDIARD, Whethersfield, Braintree, Essex.
F
OREMAN, or SECOND where three or
four are kept, in the Houses. — Age 24 ; good relercnces
and character. — G, WING, Dunchurch, Kugliy.
Tj^OREMAN, or SECOND in the Houses.—
-1~- Married, one child ; well up in Ferns and Stove and
Greenhouse Plants. Five years' good character.— J. S., i,
Upton Road, Swanmore, Ryde, Isle of Wight.
To Growers.
FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and
GROWER. — Age 36 ; good experience in Propagating
and Growing for Market, or otherwise,— ALPHA, 4, Fern
Grove, Feltham, Middlesex.
U R S E RY FO ilEMAN (GENERAL)r~or
Otherwise. — Good Iludder, Grafter, and General Propa-
gator. 'J'wenty years' practice, Hard and Soft woods, Indoor
and Out.— W. C, 7, Frances Street, Woolwich.
NURSERY FOREMAN (Johiung).- Age
35 : well acquainted with Laying-out, and the Manage*
ment of Men. Can prcpaic Plans, Ehtimates, itc — HORTUS,
Baziixr Office, Waltonon-Th.imes.
JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good large
^J establishment. — Age 23 ; well experienced, and well
recommended from past and present employers. Bothy pre*
fered.— G. H., High Leigh Gardens, Hoddesden, Herts.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
establishment, under a good Foreman. — Age 21 ; good
reference. — C. JONES, Mortimer, Berks.
JOURNEYMAN (Indoors or Out), in a
f ' good Garden. — Ace 22 ; good references, — F. REEKIE,
The Gardens, Berry Hill, Taplow, Bucks.
TOU RnIiYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
^ establishment, — Age 23 ; good references from present and
previous employers. — S. C » The Gardens, The Hermitage,
Highani, Kent.
IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden, under
a Foreman. — Age 18 ; three years' experience. Gocd
reference. Premium given. — B. KENT, Minstead, Lyndhurst,
Hants.
IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden or
Nurseries. — A Gardener's son (age 19) wishes for an en-
gagement as above ; accustomed to garden for seven years. —
G. W., The Weirend, near Ross, Hereford shire.
''rO GARDENERS.— A strong active lad
-L (age iS) desires a situation. Has been in a Garden a year
and a half. Good character.— ALFRED FIELD, Ashe,
Micheldever, Hants.
To THE SEED TRADE.— Wanted, by a
youth (age 17), a situation. Three years' experience in
a Provincial Town. Good character. — C. H. THOMAS, 30,
Hudson Road, Southsea.
ANDY MAN, on a Gentleman's Estate.
Abstainer.— L. C., 8. Highbury Park. N.
H
Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN (Managing). — Middle-aged ;
good experience in all the different branches, including
Buying, Publishing of Catalogues. Good Judge of Crops.
References from last and previous employers. — Please address
X. X., 60, Barbican, London, E.G.
SHOPMAN (Second).— Age 21 ; five years'
experience. First-class references. Moderate salary. —
J. S., Mr. E. G. Bull, Seedsman, Barnstaple.
To the Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN (Under).— Young man wants a
situation. Has been five and a half years at the trade.
Well recommended. — G. C. N., Jas. Young, Seedsman,
Brechin, N. B.
To the Seed Trade.
ASSISTANT, in Shop or W.irehouse.-
Age 20 ; good character and reference. — OMEGA,
7, Charles Street, Northampton.
O FLORISTS.— Wanted, by a young Lady,
a re-engagement in a Floral Establishment. Has had
good experience in Making-up Bouquets. Wreaths, &c. —
E. D. B., Messrs. Jno. Jefi'eries & Co., Oxford.
GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.
EPPS'S COCOA.
BREAKFAST.
" By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern
the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli-
cation of the fine properties of well-setected Cocoa, Mr. Kpps
has provided our breakfast-tables with a delicately flavoured
beverage which may save us many heavy doclors's bills. It is
by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution
may be gradually built up until strong emugh to resist every
tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating
around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak pmnt. We
' • " ' 'fied
rvice
may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well forti:
with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Sen
Made simply with boiling water or millc. Sold only in
Packets, labelled thus: —
JAIQES EFPS & CO., Homoeopathic Cbemists,
London, England.
HOLLOWAY'S PILL. — Prevision. — As
autumn treads on winter, slender, delicate, and pale-
faced youths become listless, languid, and debilitated, unless an
alterative, combined with some tonic, be administered to
quicken their enfeebled organs. This precise requirement is
supplied in these noted Pills, which can and will accomplish all
that is wanted, provided the printed instructions surrounding
them meet with scrupulous attention, Ho)loway's Pills are
especially adapted to supply the medical wants of youth, because
his medicine acts gently, though surely, as a purifier, regulator,
alterative, tonic, and mild aperient. A very few doses of these
Pills will convince any discouraged invalid that his cure lies in
his own hands, and a little perseverance only is demanded for
its completion.
5i6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 20, 1883.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in th.e Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, \\th edition, price is.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Patent ReUauce Eotary Valves.
Fourth Edition. Price \s.
ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS.
By rev. O. fisher.
A New Edition. Fcap. Cloth. Price '■,s.
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN.
A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE MANAGEMENT AND ADORNMENT
OF GARDENS OF EVERY SIZE.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.
iSsa-fe.riS^-ina:?.. i^.<^^r,^^.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED.
MESSt;WGEB & CO.S GREENHOUSES are constri-cted so as to obtain, wltli the least obstruction to light and sun, the greatest Strength and Kigldlty.
The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.
Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Boyal Horticultural Society, 1883. Flans and Estimates free on application.
Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Cotiservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,
Forcing Houses, ^t'c, recently erected by M. &-• Co., for 24 stamps.
MBSSENGBE & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.
NOW READY, A REVISED EDITION OF
The COTTAGER'S Calendar
OF
GARDEN
OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.
Price 3d. ; post-free, 3id. ; 20s. per 100. a
If ordei'ed in quantities of not less than 200, Carriage will be paid to any part of the United Kingdom. ■
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
of every description con-
structed, erected, fitted,
and heated.
T.H.P.Dennis&Co.,
Mansion House BuUdtugs,
London, E.C.
Works : Chelmsford.
Editorial Corammiications should be addressed to "TheEditor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " Ttie PuWisher, at tie Office, 41 Wellington Street, CoventGardeli,Lmidon.W-C.
Primed by William Richakds, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefnars, City of London, in the Cotirny of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covenl Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. October jo, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— loHN Heywood. Acents for Scotland— MeE,srs, J. MEN21ES & Co Fdinblireh ano Glasgow
THE
y
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
CstalJltsijeti 1841.
No. 513.— Vol. XX.
( New 1
( Series. )
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1883. (
Registered at the General
Post-office as a Newspaper.
\
Price 6d.
Post-free, s\d.
CONTENTS.
Adi.intum cuneatum
stricliim . . . . 526
Applednm. an alphabet of 523
.'Xpiile show reflections ..
Apples, Kentish . .
y\(i[>'e Winter Hawlhorn-
dcii
Apple show, the Chis-
» iclc
Hf;;onias, tuberous
I'ees nnd blue flowers . .
Birds and Pears . .
Books, notices of..
Bol any, systematic
Cartilleja indivisa
Catt'eyas and Lielias
Callleya Eldorado ornata
., triophthalma
Chou de Burghley 532, 539
Christmas Rose, the great 527
Conifora; on the Chilterns
Crata:gus pyracantha
Cucumbers
D ihlias, novelty in
Djmmara australis
Ur. Denny, the late
Klori^ts' flowers . ,
Fiuit gathering and
ripening
Fungus foray at Coed
Coch
Fruit notes
Gardeners' Royal Bene-
volent Institution .. 532
Garden plants, new .. 526
Gardening appointments 535
Grafting, natural.. .. 528
Hedychium, new hybrid 539
526
534
537
538
53'
538
538
53"
53Q
53S
530
526
5=6
532
534
53>
53S
5'5
534
539
5=7
535
536
Grape and Melon grow-
ing at Mr. Ladds' .. 534
" Herefordshire Pomona,"
the .- . . , . 5^2
Kitchen garden, the .. 531
l.ailia elegans Houtteana 526
Lapagetias, notes on .. 538
Liliuni auratum .. .. 534
Lime tree. the. of Prilly 528
Marigold Meteor . . 534
Miramar . . . . . . 528
Myrobalan Plum, double
dowered
Nursery, Mr. Bull's
„ Messrs. Veilch &
Sons'
Odontoglossum lepidum
Orchid notes and glean-
ings
Orchids at Downside .
Peaches and Nectarines
Peach Apple, winter
Pear Olivier de Serres .
,, Muirfowl's Egg .
Pentstemon labrosus
Phylloxera, the, laws .
Plants and their cultuie
Poplar at Dijon ..
Potato, a French new .
Prize schedules . .
Pyrus Maulei
Shade
Timehri 527
Vanda Lowi . . . . 530
Veronica rupestris .. 534
Water supply in gardens 538
Weed, a pretty .. .. 538
Weather 540
528
534
535
526
530
536
53 »
537
537
537
536
534
531
528
534
535
535
53^
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Danimara australis .. .. .. .. .. .. 525
I_feiias and Cattleyas . .. .. 533
Miramar. the Castle of .. .. .. 529
Pentstemon labrosus .. .. 537
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
ROYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL-
TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER, and the
NORTHERN COUNTIES. -GREAT APPLE SHOW, in
ihe Town Hall, Manchester, from NOVEMBER 2 to 9 (in-
clusive). All Fruits must be at the Town Hall on November i.
, „ . . ^ , ,, , . BRUCE FINDLAY.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester.
rpHE ANN UAL EXHIBITION
-1. OF THE
STOKE NEWINGTON CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY
WILL BE HHLO ON
MONDAY and TUESDAY, November 12 and 13.
Particulars on application to
Mr. W. GOLDSMITH, Secretary.
Grove Road, Stamford Hill, N.
T
HE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY of SOUTHAMPTON.
GRAND AUTUMN SHOW, NOVEMBER 13 and 14.
SIXTY POUNDS lor Chrysanthemums,
THIRTY POUNDS for Fruits and Vegetables.
THIRTY POUNDS for Miscellaneous Subjects.
SIXTY POUNDS for Caee Birds.
Entries Close November 6. Schedules and Entry Forms of
54. York Street. The Avenue. C. T. FUIDGE, Sec.
INCHESTER HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
A GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM and FRUIT SHOW
will be held at the Guildhall, Winchester, on MONDAY and
TUESDAY, November 19 and 20. Schedules of Prizes and
conditions may be had on apptiation to
R. PORTER, Hon. Sec.
II, St. James's Villa Road, Winchester.
■pOYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL-
XV TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER and the
NORTHERN COUNTIES. — CHRYSANTHEMUM
SHOW, in the Town Hall, Manchester, on TUESDAY,
November 20. For Schedules apply to the undersigned.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester. ERUCE FINDLAY.
Deutzla gracilis.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on appUcalion.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
CABBAGE PLANTS, Early Rainham, and
Enfield Market, best sorts, 25. dd, per 1000 ; best Sovereign
RHUBARB ROOTS, and earliest in cultivation, for planting-
out, 21. per dozen ; SEAKALE and ASPARAGUS ROOTS,
cheaper than any man in the trade, price on application.
Scarlet King DAISIES, for planting-out, 2j. per 100.
RICHARD WALKER, Market Gardens, Biggleswade, Beds.
KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset,
offer GLADIOLI SPIKES, HERBACEOUS
PLANTS, PYRETHRUMS. single and double : PHLOXES
and TEA ROSES, CALCEOLARIA and CINERARIA
SEED and PLANTS.
SURPLUS STOCK.— Handsome and Choice
Evergreen and Deciduous TREES for Avenues, Parks,
Gardens, Streets, &c. Very good and cheap. LIST free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nursciymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Roses,
Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons, Deciduous and Ever-
green Trees and Shrubs, Forest Trees, Azaleas, Camellias,
Grape Vines, &c., free by post.
H. LANE AND SON. Nurseries, Berkharasted, Herts.
CHOICE SELECTIONS of ALPINES and
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.— 100 for 2Ss. : 200, foi. ; 300
1005 : 400, 140J. ; 500, 200J. Distinct species, established in pots.
SAXIFRAGES — 100. 28^-; 200, 103J., distinct species and var.
CATALOGUE on application.
STANSFIELD BROS., Southport.
Hyaclntlis, Tulips, Narcissus, Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., BULB
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
BULBS.- — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on applicatiotL
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen, Worcester.
To Engllsli and Continental Importers of OrcMds, and
ORCHID AMATEURS.
CHOICE ORCHIDS in QUANTITIES
will be RECEIVED, and vigorous growth quickly
obtained, for Sale by Auction or otherwise.
Letters to X , Smith's Bookstall, Vauxhall Station, S.W.
Special Offer.
TO THE CUT-FLOWER TRADE.—
Extra large, iSmonths old Plants of MRS. SINKINS,for
24 pots, 50J. per ICO, package included. Cash or suitable EX-
CHANGE. W. WEALE, Taplow, Bucks.
To Nurserymen and Gentlemen.
TO BE SOLD or EXCHANGED, a bargain,
some large PALMS, &c. , magnificent double white
BRUGMANSIAS in flower, and TABLE PLANTS. Par-
ticulars from
JAMES PHILIPS. Ada Cottage, Stoke Read, Gosport.
To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.
ACATTANEO, Commission Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden,
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.
ANTED, STEPHANOTIS, EUCHA-
RIS, ORCHIDS, TUBEROSES. BOUVARDIAS,
CAMELLIAS, ROSES, CARNATIONS, CALLAS. CHRY-
SANTHEMUMS, Double PRIMULA, and other CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS, in large or small quantities. Boxes, and
particulars as to packing, forwarded on application.
W. DEN.VIAN, Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden, W.C.
M^ ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARN HAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
ANTED, Old Plants from ground of
GERANIUMS, Mrs. Pollock, Marshal MacMahou,
Lady Cullum, Black Douglas. Henri Jacoby ; and LOBELIA
catdinalis fulgens. State number to offer and pnce to
W. WEALE, Taplow, Bucks.
ANTED, a large lot of i-yr. old
FARLEIGH DAMSON TREES, to fill up a
nursery. Quote what quantity and lowest price to
A. B., 3, Great Queen Street, Westminster, S.W.
Notice to Senders.
WANTED, PEACHES. GRAPES, TOM-
ATOS, MARIE LOUISE PEARS, &c. Also
STEPHANOTIS, EUCHARIS, GARDENIAS, TUBE-
ROSES, Marichal Niel and other ROSES; White CAMEL-
LIAS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, W.C.
ANTED, 200 GRAPE VINES, from 20
feet to 25 feet long, half to be Black Hamburgh, and
half Alicante. Send price to
W. WILLET, Rosary Gaidens, South Kensington.
Potatos Wanted.
WANTED TO PURCHASE, BEAUTY
of HEBRON, READING HERO, and WHITE
ELEPHANT. State quantity and price for Cash.
BRINKWORTH AND SONS, Royal Berkshire Potato
Establishment, Reading.
ANTED, a few Tons of MYATT'S
PROLIFIC POTATO. State price, for cash, to
JOHN ERASER, Charlton, Malmesbury.
D
To the Trade.
OUBLE and SINGLE SNOWDROPS.
Samples and Prices on application.
EDMUND PHILIP D I .X O N , Hull.
New Catalo^es.
CHARLES TURNER'S New Descriptive
CATALOGUES for the season are now ready, com-
prising Roses, Fruit Trees, and all kinds of Hardy Trees and
Shrubs ; also Carnations, Picotees, Auriculas, and other
Florist Flowers, Bulbs. &c.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
CRANSTON'S Descriptive CATALOGUES
of Fruit and FOREST TREES, SHRUBS, &c., arc
now ready, and may be had free on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED COMPANY
(Limited), King's Acre, Hereford.
AQUILEGIA GLANDULOSA
J^ (GRIGOR'S, guaranteed true).
Twelve Plants of this beautiful Columbine, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kingdom, at 65. per
dozen. Cash with order.
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres, N.B.
To the Trade.
GLADIOLI, NAMED and MIXED
HYBRIDS.
HOOPER'S LIST is the Cheapest in the Trade. Only
First-class Sorts. Sent by return post by
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.
EECH — BEECH — BEECH. —
lo.coo 2 to 3-yr. Seedling Beech, splendid stuff and
well'rooted, 5J. to 71, (3d. per 1000. Orders executed in rotation.
Apply to E. WILSON SERPELL (late Pontey), Vinstone
Nurseries, Plymouth-
FRANCIS B'ELL, Nurseryman, Easing-
wold, offers for sale 2,000,000 LARCH, 2 to 5 feet,
recently transplanted, with good leads and well rooted, at
greatly reduced prices.
R U N U S P I S S A R D I
The black-foliaged Mirabel.
Extra vigorous, i-yr. grafts, 4 to 6 feet high, per dozen, 30J.
to 40J. according to strength,
ED. PYNaERT. Ghent, Belgium.
W
To the Trade.
SPIR^A JAPONIC A,
2-yr. transplanted, strong, for forcing, 125. per 100.
W. C. SLOCOCK, Goldworth Old Nursery, Woking, Surrey.
ACORNS. — Buyers will oblige by sending
Address and Requirements to
GEO. P. DARBY, Nurseryman, Watford, Herts.
WO HUNDRED THOUSAND VIOLAS,
BEDDING PANSIES, HARDY PERENNIALS,
ALPINES, &c. — One uniform price. 11. per dozen, trans-
planted. Land sold for Railway Extension. Guinea Garden
Collection increased to thirty dozen, worth £,d \ half, I2f.
CATALOGUE gratis.
JOHN PIRIE AND CO., Stechford, Birmingham.
HOLLY for HEDGES.— 12 to 1 5 inches, 25A ;
15 to iS inches, 35J. ; 18 to 24 inches, 50.1. per 100.
Forest LIST, containing heights and prices of well-grown trans-
planted Quick, Ash, Larch, Spruce, Pines, Oaks, Cover
Plants, &c., free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
E R M U D A EASTER LILY
(Lilium Harrisii). — A laree stock of excellent bulbs
Q.S, 6d, each, 24J. per dozen.
LENT LILY — bulbs 31. 6d per 100, 30J. per 1000.
Priced CATALOGUES of our imraenseand very varied stock
of Bulbous Flower Roots, &c.. post-free on application to
JAMES DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nurseries. Chester
For Present Planting.
GLADIOLUS, THE BRIDE.— This pure
white variety is perfectly hardy, and should be planted
this month, or early next. Blooms in June, or will stand
moderate forcing well. See our Wholesale Bulb Catalogue, to
be had on application. Special low prices for large quantities.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
TRAWBERRIES— Next Summer, by
planting now : capital roots, 4^. per 100 ; 6d. extra per 100
for delivery by Parcels Post. In a Few Months, by forcing ;
plants in pots, 16.1. per 100. Only the best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
To tlie Trade.
CUCUMBER SEEDS.— We shall be glad
to quote prices of Veitch's Tender and True and RoUis-
son's Telegraph Cucumber seeds, in large or small quantities.
Both are very superior stocks, of our own growth, and carefully
selected,
GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen, Bath.
SEAKALE. — For Sale, 4000 Roots, very fine,
for forcing. Price los. per loo. Apply to
JAMES TURNER, 37, George Street, Richmond, Surrey.
R' "EADING HERO.— a few Tons of this
famous POTATO for Sale. Price £& per ton, or g.:.
per cwt,, on rail, bags included. Cash with order.
J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, West Brighton, Sussex.
5i8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Important SaJe of First-class Dutcli Bulbs :
503 Standard, Dwarf, and other ROSES, of the best varieties ;
HardyCONIFER/E, SHRUBS, AMERICAN PLANTS,
selected FRUIT TREES, &c.
l\/tESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
J-»X will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auc-
tion Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C., on
TUESDAY, October 30, at 12 o'Clock precisely.
May be viewed the morning of Sale. Cat.alogues had at the
Rooms.
Tuesday Next.
SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce, that they have made arrangement.s for
holding a special SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWKR and in
BUD, at their Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, commencing at half.past 12
o'clock precisely.
The plants will be on view from n o'Clock until the lime of
Sale, and will comprise many special and beautiful varieties
from some of the best collections.
Catalogues are now ready, and may be had at the Rooms, or
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Coventry.
UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of 1000 beauti-
fully. grown TREES and SHRUBS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
(in conjunction with Mr. jas, Whittindale) will SELL
by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Jeffery's Wood Cross
and Payne's Lane Nurseries, Coventry, about a mile and a half
from the Railway Station, on TUESDAY, October 30, at
ir o'clock pimctually, in consequence of the large number
of lots, the whole of the unusually well grown NURSERY
STOCK, comprising about 2500 Variegated Hollies, i to 7 feet,
a magnificent lot, and including many splendid specimens ;
40C0 Green HoUies, i to 5 feet ; 1200 Variegated YEWS, i to 6
ieet, including maiiy fine named specimens ; icoo common and
Irish Yews, 2 to 5 feet, many of them worked ; Fruit Trees,
Conifers, and other stock.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had of Mr. J, WHITTIN-
DALE, Auctioneer, 29, Hertford Street, Coventry ; or of
Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, and 3, New Broad Street. E.C.
Wednesday Nest.
CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, FICUS, and other plants from
Ghent; STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS in
variety ; fine TEA ROSES and FERNS in pots ; a choice
assortment ofStandard and Dwaif ROSES, HYACINTHS,
TULIPS. CROCUS, and other Dutch BULBS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above at their Central Auction Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheap.ide, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, at
half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, B.C.
Wednesday Next.
SPIR^A JAPONIC A.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include in their Sale on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
in five lots, Five Barrels of unusually fine clumps of SPIR-/EA
JAPONICA, SCO in each lot, received direct ; also 200 Clumps
of LILY of the VALLEY, for forcing.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Grave send.
Unreserved Sale, by order of the Executors of the late Mr.
Thomas Eves.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
arc instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre-
mises, The Pavilion and Nursery Grounds, Wrotham Road,
Gravesend, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY NEXT,
October 31 and November i, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day,
without the least reserve, the whole of the valuable NURSERY
STOCK, extending over 11 acres, including a fine assortment of
specicnen Border Shrubs, adapted for immediate effective pur-
poses ; 4000 Aucubas, fine stuff : 3C00 Tree Box, 2000 Euony-
nius, 1500 Fruit Trees, 70C0 Gooseberries and Currants. 20C0
choice and clean-grown Standard Roses, 2000 yards of Box
Edging, Horse, Van, and numerous effects.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises ; of
W. H. RUSSEL, Esq., Solicitor, Wmdmill Street, Gravesend;
ard of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Ch«apside,
and 8, New Broad Street. E.C.
Lower Streatliatn, S.W.
UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE, by order of Messrs.
Peed & Son, in consequence of having to give up possession
of the Land.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Nor-
bury Nurseries, Lower Streatham, S.W., opposite the Norbury
Station, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY, November i and 2,
at 12 o'clock precisely each day, the whole of the well-grown
NURSERY STOCK, all of which has been recently trans-
planted, comprising a fine lot of specimen Conifers and other
Shrubs in the borders ; Aucuba japonica in large quantities,
Ornamental Trees, Trained and Standard Fruit Trees, Roses,
Climbiijg and Herbaceous Plants ; also the remainder of the
Specimen Greenhouse Plants, including fine trained Azaleas,
Camellias, and Ericas, tiu-ee grand Specimen Anthurium
Scherzerianum (Veitch's variety), Exhibition Plant VAN,
HANDLIGHTS, and BOXES, and numerous effects.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 63, Cheapsitie, and
8,'New Broad Street, E.C.
Friday Nest.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. F. Horsman & Co., of Col-
chester, to include in their SALE, at their Central Auction
Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT,
IMPORTED ORCHIDS from Mexico, including large
masses of L^elia anceps, L. autumnalis, L. albida, Odonto-
glossum Rossi, O. majus, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Friday Next.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past
12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder
a Co., a splendid lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM,
of the best type ; O. VEXILLARIUM. O. PESCATOREI,
MASDEVALLIA HARRYANA, CATTLEYA CELOSIA
(established), LYCASTE SKINNERI (established), and
ODONTOGLOSSUM species.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
or at the Estate Offiges, 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Forest Gate, Essex.— Short Notice
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The
Upton Nursery, Forest Gate, on SATURDAY NEXT,
November 3, at r o'Clock, by order of Mr. Billing, a quantity
of well-grown GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including 1000
Bouvardias, 1000 Ferns of sorts, 500 Cyclamen, line plants of
Camellias, Azaleas, and Gardenias, and other plants in great
variety ; also several hundreds of frne Standard, Pyramid, and
trained APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and CHERRIES ; 500
Standard ROSES, of the best sorts, &c.
On view day prior to Sale. Catalogues on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad
Street, E.C.
Lee, S.E.
SALE of. beautifully-grown NURSERY STOCK, nearly the
whole of which has been transplanted within the last
two years.
"ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
ill SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The iVianor
Lane Nursery, Lee, S.E., on TUESDAY, November 6, at
12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. W. North & Son, a
large quantity of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, including
about 3000 fine specimen Evergreens, from 3 to 7 feet high ;
loco Thuia Lobbii, 4 to 8 feet ; zooo bushy Common Laurels, 3
to 4 feet ; io;o Standard and Dwarf Roses, 5000 small Ever-
greens f jr pots, 2500 Gooseberries and Currants ; also 500
Ampelopsis Veitchii, 500 Erica hyemalis, large Camellias, a tew
Orchids, and other Greenhouse Plants.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ;
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8. New Broad Street, E.C.
Milford Nurseries, near Godalming, Sixrrey,
Within a mile of Milford or new Godalming Stations.
Highly important Four Days' Sale of FIRST-CLASS
NURSERY STOCK.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. Maurice Young to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on
TUESDAY, November 6, and three following days, at 12
o'clock precisely each day, several acres of beautifullv grown
NURSERY STOCK, in fine condition for removal, and lotted
to suit ihe Trade and Private Buyers, comprising 4000 Speci-
men Evergreens, 1500 fine Variegated Hollies, 2 to 4 feet ;
500 Green Hollies. 2 to 8 feet ; 5000 Dwarf Roses, of the
best sorts ; io,ooo Green Hollies, i to ij^^ foot, for hedges ; 3030
Green and Variegated Aucubas, i to 2 feet ; 30C0 fine named and
other varieties of Rhododendrons. 9000 Evergreen Privet, for
hedges or cover planting ; 9000 Laurels, of sorts ; 3000 fine
Ornamental Park Trees, 6 to 15 feet ; 1500 Limes, 7 to 10 feet ;
8000 Flowering Shrubs, 7000 Red and Black Currants, for
Market Gardeners ; Fruit Trees, Climbers, Clematis, and other
stock too numerous to mention.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
N.B, The Auctioneers beg to call the special attention of
intending planters to this important Sale. The stock is in fine
condition and worthy of an inspection.
Eaton Nurseries, near NorwicH.
GREAT CLEARANCE SALE.
THIRD PORTION of the BEAUTIFULLY GROWN
NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs. Ewing & Co.,
who are giving up their Business.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
the old-established Nurseries at Eaton, near Norwich, on
WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November 7 and 8. at 12
o'clock precisely each day, the Third Portion of the Valu.ible
NURSERY S'TOCK, comprising about 10,000 choice Conifers
and Evergreens, in immense variety ; a fine collection of Ivies
and other Hardy Climbers ; many thousands of Fruit Trees,
beautifully grown and trained for Pyramids, Bushes, Walls,
open Standards, &c., and consisting of the finest sorts of
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. CHERRIES,
Peaches, Nectarines and Apricots, Filberts and Nuts, Walnuts,
&c ; lo.oco Red and White Currant Bushes ; 10.000 Roses of
the best sorts of Hybrid Perpetuals, Teas, Noisettes, Mosses,
Climbing Roses» &c.
Many thousands of Ornamental Trees, of large and small
sizes, deciduous flowering Shrubs, Forest "Trees, including a fine
lot of young Spruce Fir, Chestnuts, Hazel, &:c. The lots will be
so arranged as to suit both Wholesale and Retail Buyers-
May be viewed any working-day prior to the Sale. Cata-
logues on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8. New Broad Street, E.C.
Feltham, Middlesex.
Within 10 minutes' walk of the railway station.
WITHOUT THE SLIGHTEST RESERVE.
GREAT UNRESERVED SALE, under the Will of the late
Mr. Charles Lee.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre-
mises, Lee's Nursery, Feltham, and Hounslow Heath, Middle-
sex, on TUESDAY, November 13, at 12 o'Clock punctually, a
portion of the beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK, which
has been carefully prepared for transplanting. It includes a
great variety of handsome Specimen Conifera;, from 2 to 7 feet ;
2000 Golden Yews, i to 4 feet ; 700 Cedrus Deodara. 3 to 7 feet ;
100 Wellingtonia gigantea, 2 to 4 feet ; 300 Abies Englemanni :
2000 Ponticum, Rhododendrons, 1% to lYz feet, many well
budded ; several hundreds of Common Hollies, 7 to 8 feet,
recently transplanted ; 3000 Dwarf Roses, and other Stock.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ;
of Messrs. LEE and SON, Royal Vineyard Nursery, Hammer-
smith, W. ; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Petersfield, Hants.
PRELIMINARY NOTICE.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. C. Bailey to SELLby AUCTION,
on the Premises, the Petersfield Nurseries, Petersfield, on
WEDNESDAY, November 14, a large quantity of valuable
NURSERY STOCK, further particulars of which will appear
next week-
Dutcli Flower Roots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
"R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS. CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Imported and Established Orcliids.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, October 31,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, about 203 lots of CHOICE
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from Mr. G. Marriott and other
growers, including La;lia elegans alba, Dendrobium Brymeri-
anum, D, Schiuderi, Vanda Sanderiana, V. Marriottianum,
Cattleya aurea, and other r.ire and valuable species; also a
variety of imported and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from
Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co. ; a choice collection of
PALM SEEDS from Queensland, Ceylon, and the Mauritius,
aud setds of the extremely rare and choice NELUMBIUM
LEICHARDTI, very difhcult to obtain; a few ROMAN
HYACINTHS, ULIUM HARRISII. &c.
On view morning of Sale, and C.italjgues had.
Wednesday Next.— (Sate No. 6503.)
PLANTS and BULBS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street,Covent
Garden, W.C. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, October 31, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, Standard. Half-standard, and Dwarf
ROSES of sorts, Hardy ORNAMENTAL CONIFERS,
Variegated HOLLIES, Standard FLOWERING TREES
and SHRUB-S from well known Dutch and English Nurseries,
a few lots of Specimen CAMELLIAS, choice named CARNA-
TIONS, PICOTEES, PINKS, &c.: also a cocsignment of
first-class Double and Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS.
IRIS. ANEMONES. RANUNCULI, and other BULBS
from Holland.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Imported and Establislied Orcliids,
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. October 31, at hail-past
12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth. Carder
& Co., IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, com-
prising as follows :— Odontoglossum crispum (Atexandrze), O.
grande, O. vexillarium, O. Phaia;uopsis, O. Pescatorei, Masde-
vallia Harryana, M. Shuttleworthii, M. Trochilus, M. chi-
mera : ONCIDIUMS in variety, and EUCHARIS CAN-
DIDA (true).
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Cattleya amethystoglossa (?).
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, October 31,
about fifty plants of the above.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday, November 1.
NEW VANDA.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at bis Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, November i, instead
of date previously announced, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely,
by order of Mr. F. Sander, a grand importation of a most beau-
tiful VANDA from the island of Bali, in the Javanese group.
This splendid Vanda produces, as will be seen, as many as
twenty-four flowers on the spike, and is extraordinarily free-
flowering. In habit it resembles co;rulea, but the flowers are
near insigne ; the colouring is chaste and striking, sepals and
petals being carmine, spotted and striped on white ground, and
the lip violet. See Drawing. ONCIDIUM ARMILLARE,
a lovely new introduction ; flowers yellow, with brown stripes.
Also other valuable importations. The Vandas are in specially
fine order ; all have sound roots, and among them will be found
specimens of rare excellence and size.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
' Friday Next. '
DUTCH BULBS, &c.-EXTRA SALE.
MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C. on FRIDAY NEXT, November 2, at
half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, about 8qo lots of first-class
Double and Single HYACINTHS, of all colours; TULIPS,
CROCUSES, NARCISSUS. SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS.
ANEMONES. RANUNCULI, and other BULBS, from
Holland. Also 5000 Roman HYACINTHS. Paper-white
NARCISSUS, and LILIUM CANDIDUM, from France;
and a consignment of LILIUM TENUIFOLIUM from
America.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Important Sale of Established Orchids.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from H. Harkewitz, Esq., of Middlesborough, to
SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, November 7, at
half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, his extensive COLLECTION of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising about 600 plants,
all in fine condition, and including Bome good specimens of the
following varieties: — Aerides, Angraacums, Anguloas, Calanthes,
Cattleyas, Ccelogynes, Cymbidiums, Cypripediums, Dendro-
biums, Epidendrums, La3lias, Lycastes, Odontoglossums. On-
cidiums, Phaius, Saccolabiums, Stanhopeas, Vandas. Zygo-
petalums, PhalEenopsis, &c. ; also a few STOVE PLANTS
and PALMS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Large Consignment of Lilium auratum from Japan.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W. C., early in November, 100 cases of LILIUM
AURATUM, now on the way from Japan, including some
gigantic BULBS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wonersh Nurseries, Guildford, Surrey.
THREE DAYS' NURSERY SALE.
MR. H. W. COPUS is instructed by Mr.
W. Virgo to SELL by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY,
THURSDAY, and FRIDAY, October 31, and November r
and 2, a very fine assortment of NURSERY STOCK, com-
prising Dwarf Standard and Climbing Roses, Portugal and
common Laurel, Cupressus Lawsoniana, Retinospora, Thuias,
Abies Douglasii, Euonymus, Deutzia gracilis, Cotoneaster Sim-
monsi, Pinus austriaca, green and variegated Hollies,
Manetti Stocks, Privet. Sweet Briers, English Yews. Gueldres
Roses, bedded Quicks. Virginian Creepers, ioo,coo transplanted
Forest Trees, Mountain and Weeping Ash, Birch, Purple and
common Beech, Horse Chestnut, English Elm, Limes, Balm of
Gilead Fir, Laburnum, Norway Maple, Sumach, Sycamore,
Walnut, Poplar, Black Italian and Abele ; Scarlet Oak, Alder,
Hazel, Larch, English Oak, Spruce and Scotch Fir, Withy ;
extra strong Black Currants, Red Currants, and Gooseberries,
Standard and Pyramid Apples, Plums, Medlars, Quince, and
others.
Catalogues in due course, of the Auctioneer, 16. Friary Street,
Guildford, Surrey.
October 27, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
519
On Wednesday, October 31.
Soiithbourne, Aueiistns Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
UNRESERVED SALE of the whole of the VALUABLE
STOVE ard GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including many
crand exhibited specimens, by direction of Walter Showelf,
Esq , who is changing his residence,
MESSRS. LUDLOW, ROBERTS and
WELLER will SELL by AUCTION, at the Residence
as above, on WEDNESDAY. October 3[, at ii o'CIock, the
whole of the RARE and VALUABLE PLANTS, inchidinj^
exceedingly fine Crotons, Atlamandas, C'erodendrons, Bougain-
villcas, Stephanotis, very fine grown Palms, including Chama:-
reps elegiins, 6 feet ; Areca Baueri, g feet ; Areca lutescens,
9 feet; Latania borbonica, la feet {grand specimen); Cycas
revoluta, 8 feet (an unusually fine specimen), &c. : grand large
specimen Aiuhuriuni<!, choice Ferns, including Adiar.tum
cuneatum, 4 feet through ; Adiantum gracillimuin, fine grown
Gymnogrammas, &c. ; specimen Azaleas, best named sorts,
from 6 feet to 2 feet 6 inches ; Epacris, Caladiums, DracxnaSi a
few choice Orchids, &c.
Further particulars in Catalogues, to be obtained of the
Auclionesrs.
Note — The Audiojieers farticidai-ly request the aCtentioK
of Exhibitors and Collectors to this Sale, as manyof the plants
have taken valuable pi izes at the various local slto^vs, all are
in sfilencid health, and every lot vtust be sold tvithout the
least reserve.
Farncombe Nursery, near Godalming.
London and South-Western Railway, close to Broadwater
Cricltet Ground, about eight minute? from Old Station,
MR. H. W. COPUS is instructed by
Mr. Kaile to SELL by AUCTION, at the above Nur-
sery, on MONDAY, November 5, at iz o'CIock precisely, an
assortment of fine grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising
thousands of very fine bushy Spruce Fir, Cedrus Deodara (2 to 6
feet), Cupressus Lawsoniana (z to 6 feet), ditto erecta viridis,
Irish Yews (r to 3 feet) ; bushy Common, Caucasian, and
Portugal Laurels (r to 3 feet); Ligustrum ovalifolium (2103
feet). Green and Variegated Euonymus, Irish and other Ivies,
Deutzia gracilis for potting. Thuia aurea, Abies Douglasii,
Picea Nordmanniana, Pinus austriaca.'Rhododendron ponticum,
Variegated and Green Hollies, Box, amongst which will be
found fine specimen Border Plants.; Currants, Gooseberries,
Rhubarb Plants, Sooa Asparagus (2-yr.), Seakale^ Limes (4 feet),
Norway Maple (8 to 10 feet), Laburnum, Italian Poplar, and
clean-grown Standard and Pyramid Fruit Trees.
A Conveyance will meet the up train arriving at 11.25, and
the down train arriving at 10.30 at New Godalming Station.
The Nursery is withm a few minutes' walk of the old Station.
Catalogues may be had (post-free) of the Auctioneer, 16,
Friary Street, Guildford.
London. East.
Only 5 miles from the Bank of England.
To EE SOLD, for the low sum of ^750
(part nf which could remain), to effect a speedy sale, or
would be LET ON LEASE at Iqa, a well established NUR-
SERY in a densely populated district — an Acre of Land,
Collage, and six Greenhouses.
Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
B, New Broad Street, E.C.
LEASE of SMALL NURSERY for SALE.
Twelve Greenhouses, all Heated with Hot Water. Six-
teen years to run. Good air. Close to rail. Seven miles from
Londcn. For particulars
J. NAYLOR, High Street, Harrow.
TO BE LET, or SOLD, one of the finest
GLASS RANGES in Lancashire, near Liverpool,
DWELLING- HOUSE. ORCHARD, and MARKET
GARDEN. Stock cheap. Apply,
39, Osborne Road, The Brook, Liverpool.
O BE LET OR SOLD, near the Great
Northern Railway, Grantham, Lincolnshire, a SMALL
NURSERY, containing about One Acre of valuable Land, with
a good Dwelling-house, a Vinery, and Cold Pits. The ground is
well stocked with a fine collection of Fruit Trees, Strawberries,
Roses, and Herbaceous Plants. Given up in consequence of ill-
■heallh, with immediate possession. For full particulars apply to
Mr. WADE, 85, Westgale, Grantham.
Surrey.
JMarket Garden Ground, close to Beddington Railway Station,
and about 2 miles from Croydon.
To BE LET, 16 Acres of LAND,
well Planted with Fruit Trees, &c-
Apply to BLAKE, HADDOCK, and CARPENTER,
lEstaie Agents, &c., 21, High Street, Croydon ; and 32,
JNachoIas Lane, E.C.
T~O^E LET, an old-established NURSERY,
FLORIST, and SEEDSMAN'S BUSINESS, with
iiminie&aile possession, on account of the death of the late pro-
prietor, wIKo has carried on a successful business for the last
thirty years. The Premises comprise a convenient Dwelhng-
house, Seed Shop, and eocd Storage. There are 8J^ Acres
of deep ricfe Soil, and all the necessary Glass-houses, &c , for
carrying on a large business. For particulars apply to
J. WATSON, 38, Crown Street, Bury St. Edmund's.
TO BE LET, on Lease, or otherwise, most
desirable PREMISES for NURSERYMAN or MAR-
KET GARDENER, comprising well built spacious Residence,
-with Conservatories, Hothouses, Vineries, Greenhouses, Pit?,
Frames, &c , in good repair, and Heating Apparatus in
■thorough woiking order. About 4 acres of excellent Garden
■Ground, valuable as being early, warm, and well sheltered — the
■whole enclosed within high walls ; good Stabling, Cow Sheds,
•with numerous olher Outbuildings.
Fnr orders to view and further particulars apply to J. L.
TAYLOR, 34, BuchinEham Palace Road, London, S.\V.
'MESSRS. PEED & GREAVES,
Auctioneers and Estate Agents,
1, HOLLAND ROAD. BRIXTON, LONDON, S.W.
THE above Firm will be happy to Furnish
EstimatesorTermsfor the SALE by PUBLIC AUCTION
■of all Classes of NURSERY and FLORIST STOCK, either
at the Nurseries of Clients, or to be removed to the Sale Rooms,
as above. Mr. W. G. PEED (son of Mr. John Peed, the
well-known Exhibitor, Nurseryman, and Florist), by his practical
knowledge of the Trade, the nomenclature of all classes of
Plants and Trees, as also his intimate knowledge of the value
of every variety of Nursery Stock, can guarantee a like com-
petency and thoroughness of Sale only possessed by one well-
known firm in the Trade, and Messrs. P. & G. will undertake
any such Sales at lowest possible terms.
PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horti-
cultural Makket Garden and Estate Auctionkers
and Valui'.ks, 8, New Broad Street, E.C, and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.
TMILLINGTON AND CO., English
• and FouitiGN Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, .ind Colour MERCttANTS,
43, Commercial Street, E.
WHITE ELEPHANT POTATOS.
Price per Ton on application.
THOMAS PERKINS and SONS. 34, Drapery, Northampton.
DIANTUM CUNEATUM.— Special offer
of Maidenhair and other Ferns, in 48 size pots ; splendid
stuff at 405. per 100; in thumbs ready for pottmg, i6r. pes ico.
E. DENSON and CO., Nurserymen, Brockley. S.E.
OR SALE.— CROTON undulatus, 5 feet
by 4 feet ; C. Hanburyana, 5 feet by 4 feet ; C. Weis-
manni, 5 feel by 4 feet ; C. \'oungii, 4 feet by 4 feet ; ARECA
VerschafTehi. 8 feet hifih ; SEAFORHtA elegans, 10 feet high ;
THRINAX elegans, 6 feet high ; LATANIA borbonica, 8 feet
across : CYCAS revoluta, 8 feet across ; YUCCA aloifolia vatie-
gata, 6 feet high.
The above beautiful exhibition plants are to be Sold at a very
low price. Apply for further particulars to
W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.
ALEXIS DALLIERE, Nurseryman,
Ghent, Belgium, has just published his NEW CATA-
LOGUE of Azaleas, Camellias, Rhododendrons, Ferns, Aroids,
Bromeliads, Cycad?, Pandanus, Palms, Orchids, Ornamental
Plants for Exhibition, New and Rare Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, &c.
The Catalogue will be sent post-free on application to M.
DALLIERE, as above.
N.B. Prices very moderate.
REEFERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. JMost of these
plants, being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
-THE OLD ESTABLISHED-
NURSERY, SEED&]MPLEIViENT BUSINESS
^^^UALITY VftRiETY & EXTEWrH*/
^rjFOREBT ' FRUIT • W
»< i all other >*
>^\ TREES <g plants/a
i^K^^^loses^^^sf-
PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE
jAMESDlckSO!«&SONS
"NEWTON "MURSERIES
— CHESTER
Orchids, Bulbs, LlUes.
THE NEW PLANT and BULB COM-
PANY. Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64. containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
NNIE ELIZABETH APPLE, which has
been shown so well and highly spoken of at the Apple
Congress. Trees can be supplied by the introducers,
HARRISON AND SONS, Leicester.
r^OLDEN YEWS for Ornamental Hedges,
^^ the Elvaston and other varieties, 2 to 3 feet, 185. per doz ,
;£7 per loo.
W. MAULE AND SONS, The Nurseries, Bristol.
ICOTEES, CARNATIONS, CLOVES,
&c. — My Annual Autumn CATALOGUE is now ready,
and contains all the best of the above families, and in addition
Collections of ROSES. TREE CARNATIONS, CLIMBING
PLANTS, P/KONIES, SHRUBS, PINKS, &c.
TH05. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
N'^~W R~Ar"s^P BERRY,
"BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING."
Testimonial /rom Mr. Thomas Laxton, Bedford: —
' ' Baumforth's Seedling * Raspberry has agam proved the best
of all Red Raspberries tried at Girtford (14 varieties)."
Prices — PLinting Canes, 255. per 100, 4J. per dozen; Fruiting
Canes, 355. per 100, 6^. per dozen.
Early orders respectfully solicited.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, The Yorkshire Seed Esta-
blishment, Hull.
Until the Stock Is Exhausted.
CHARLES NOBLE will supply the finest
forcing clumps of crowns ever offered of : —
SPIRi^^A. PALMATA. at T5J , 20s., and 255, per 100. [each.
LILIUM GIGANTEUM, nice bulbs, -iS.Sd.. 2S.6d.,zniiis.6d.
Orders with cash or reference should be sent at once — Bagshot.
OUVARDIAS. — Fine, bushy, healthy
plants, of A. Neiiner, Da;;zler. and others, 40^. per 100.
Tree CARNATIONS, best free blooming kinds, 401. per 100.
Mrs. SINKINS, best white CLOVE CARNATION, for
forcing, t.os. per loq.
W. JACKSON, Bblcedown, near Kidderminster.
B
RAMLEY'S SEEDLING APPLE,
Certificated at the Great Apple Congress in London.
DWARF MAIDENS, ij. id. each.
„ BUSH. 2S. each.
STANDARD, ^ feet boles, ai. id. each.
HENRY FRETTINGHAM, Beeston Nurseries, Notts.
F
winter Flowering Plants,
BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that his
• Stock of
AUTUMN and WINTER FLOWERING PLANTS
is now ready for sendinR out, consisting of
AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS, CYCLAMEN, ISOUVAUDIAS,
CARNATIONS (Tree, or pcrpetual-flowerint;), ERICAS—
all the leading kinds, EPACRIS, SOLANUMS— unusually
well berried: ACACIAS. GENISTAS, AZALEA MOLLIS,
and a number of other things that are required for this season.
The whole are well-grown and set with flower-buds.
Early orders arc respectfully solicited.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N.
(CARNATION, "MARY MORRIS."
^^ Plants now ready for delivery.
Firstclass Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
1882. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, of
great size, very full, and of perfect shape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigoious grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardeners' Chronicle, August 4, 1833, page 146.
Price and all particulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, \V.C.
To Market Gardeners and Others.
OR SALE, a large quantity of CABBAGE
PLANTS, true strains. For piice apply to
J. SMITH AND SON, Sepson, near Sloueh, Middlesex.
To Fruit Growers.
FOR SALE, a large quantity of Carter's
Prolific RASPBERRY CANES. The best Raspbeny
in cultivation. For price apply to
C. STEEL AND SON, Growers, Ealing, W.
MYATT'S EARLY ASHLEAF.—
For Sale, a l.irge quantity of the above for planting. Hav-
ing been secured before the heavy rains, they are in prime dry
bright sound condition, and free from disease or damage by
water or frost. A sample of 2 cwt. will be sent carriage paid
(sack gratis), to any Station in England, on receipt of Cheque
or Post-office Order for iis. td. Cheaper by the Ton or Truck-
load. A change of seed generally produces a heavy crop free
from disease.
J. T. SMITH, Potato Merchants. Wisbech, Cambs.
To tlie Trade
CLOVES. — Several thousands of the true old
Crimson and the Double While, at i6.r. per ico for cash.
G. TAPLIN, Park Road Nursery, Leytonstone. Essex.
OSE STOCKS.— Seedling Briers, the Dog
Rose, fit for budding ne-xt summer, very cheap, Price
and sample on application.
SCHARMER and MULLER, Pinneberg, aear Hamburgh.
Vines.— Vines.— Vines.
WAND E. CRUMP have a splendid
• Stock of VINES, short-jointed and well ripened canes,
suitable for fruiting in pots, also for pLinting vineries. Also a
grand stock of MAIDENHAIR FERNS, in 54's, fit for imme-
diate use. Price on application to
Ranelagh Gardens, Leamington.
ASPARAGUS —ASPARAGUS. — In con-
setjuence of ground being sold for building, and must be
cleared, we have to offer several acres of very fine beds, strong
plants, ^s. per ico, or 40s. per 1000. Reference required from
unknown correspondents.
EHUBARB— RHUBARB.— Strong roots of
Victoria Rhubarb for forcing, i2.r. per dozen, or Soi. per
100. Planting roots, 50J. per 100. Special quotations for large
quantities.
A. HART HND SONS, 152. High Street. Guildford.
To Florists.— For Forcing this next Winter.
LILACS (Syringa) Charles X., Saug^, and
ALBA VIRGINALIS.— Nice round plants cultivated iti
pots, plants from i foot 10 inches to 2 feet 10 inches, with
six, ten, and fifteen branches, well set with flowers, price
£,t. ;C8. and ^10 per 100.
STAPHYLEA COLCHICA.— Plants cultivated in pots, £fi
per loo.
PRUNUS SINENSIS FLORE-PLENO. — Cultivated in
pots, j£6 per 100.
ROSES, Niphetos, Maiechal Niel, and oiher Teas, for
Forcing. — Cultivated in pots, £4 per 100.
ROSES, Special Varieties, for Forcing. — Low-budded, fine
plants, £^-20 to £,-2^ per icoo.
SPIR/EA PALMATA.— Good clumps. i;io to ^tz per loco.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS.— Good young plants, six to twelve
branches, ;^io to £,\i per 1000.
Direct Orders to
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman) Chateney (Seloe), pr^s Paris,
France.
TREES and SHRUBS.
100,000 Hardy HEATHS, nice plants, suitable for
planting on banks and mound;. Can be supplied in 20
or 30 varieties, at 4s. per dozen, 251. per 100, or ;^io
per 1000,
LARCH, 2 to 3 feet, 2i,r. per 1000 ; 25^ to 3^4 feet, 231. per
1000; 3 to 4 feet, -z^s. per 1000; 3?^ to 4^,2 feet, 301.
per 1000.
FIR, Scotch, 1 to ij^foot, i8f. per loco ; iK to 2 feet, 27^-.
per 1000.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 2 to 2j^ feet, 12;. per dozen, 90^'. per
100 ; 2j^ to 3 feet, 24.?, per dozen, i6or. per loa ; 3 to
4 feet, 30J. per dozen, 230^. per 100; 3'^ to 4}^ feet.
l6(. per dozen, 275J. per ico— beautiful plants, having
been recently transplanted.
RHODODENDRONS, Hybrids, 9 to 15 inches, 27.?. per 100,
or 2505. per igoo ; 12 to 18 inches, 32J. per loa, or 300^.
per 1000 ; 15 to 20 inches, 42J. per 100 ; \% to 2 feet,
5c,9. per 100.
CATALOGUES, containing other Evergreens and Flowering
Shrubs, may be had on application to
JAMES SMITH and SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near
Matlock.
A
REAL BARGAI
i5,coo Scotch CURRANTS.
15,000 Dutch CURRANTS.
50 Pyramid APPLES.
Good strong trees. Apply to
T. H. B., Pimps Court, East Farleigh, Maidstone,
N.
520
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 1883.
TO THE TRADE.— JAMES CARTER,
DUNNETT AND BEALE have received their first
consignment of AFRICAN TUBEROSES, in splendid condi-
tion, and will be pleased to quote special prices to large buyers
on application.
237 and 238, High Holbom, London, W.C.
TO THE TRADE.— SPECIAL OFFER.—
BEDDING HYACINTHS in distinct colours, very
fine: NAMED HYACINTHS, first quality; DOUBLE
SNOWDROPS, very fine; DOUBLE DAFFODILS, extra
large ; LILIUM CANDIDUM and LILIUM LONGI-
FLORUM ; GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS, extra fine ;
also on the spot DIELVTRA clumps, LILY of the VALLEY,
LILIUM LANCI FOLIUM, 3 v.irs. Write for Prices to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and
238, High Holbom. London, W.C.
TO THE TRADE.— BOUVARDIAS.—
Special low offer of the following : — Alfred Neuner (double
white). President Garfield (double pink), and Humboldti
corymbiflora, nice vigorous stuff, in 6o's and 48's. Write for
prices and sample plant to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and
238, High Holbom, London, W.C.
SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.— 200,000 Dwarf
ROSES, on Manetti, fine, our own selection, 25^. per
100, /12 per looo. 300,000 MANETTI STOCKS, fine, 30J.
per 1000,^ j£i 3 per 10,000, 10,030,000 ASPARAGUS, z-yr.
Connover's, 17^. (^d. per loco ; 3-yr. Connover's, 20J. per looo ;
2^yr. Giant, 15s. per 1000 ; 3-yr. Giant, ^^s. 6d. per 1000, for
Cash with all Orders, otherwise will not be attended to.
R. LOCKE, Royal Nurseries and Rose Farms, Redhill, Surrey.
A R AU C AR I A I MB RI CAT A,
'^-*- 1. 2, and 3 feet high.
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. 2. 3, 4, to 6 feet high.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 2, 3, 4, 5 to 10 feet high.
RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA, a. 3. 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet high.
RETINOSPORA AUREA, t, 2, 3. 4 to 6 feet.
RHODODENDRON PONTICA. 2 to 5 feet, bushes.
RHODODONDRON, named kinds in great variety.
TEA ROSES, in pots, choicest sorts, including a fine
stock of NIPHETOS, in 4K and 6 inch pots, i% to 4 feet
high and bushy.
A large stock of the above plants to offer cheap. For prices and
other Stock see CATALOGUES, post-free on application to
F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer,
Farnborough Station, Surrey.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
The most complete and the best-kept
Collection eve7^ existed.
A LL that want to be quite certain of success
*-^~ next year and the varieties true to name should order at
oace, as we have many thousands of plants in 4-inch pots, full of
llower-buds, in 550 varieties, occupying nearly half an acre of
ground, of all the best old kinds, (id. each, 5^. per dozen, 3ar.
per 100. These will not only flower, but may be propagated
from at once, a secret of success. Strong country grown Cuttings
from under glass. \s. 6d. per dozen, zos. per 100. All orders
executed by return of post.
For full and invaluable particulars see our explanatory
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, describing minutely all the
best in cultivation, our houss, 250 feet long, contains above
3OO0 specially grown specimens in large pots, forming continuous
banks, 800 feet long.
All are cordially mvited to see. Every variety will be pointed
out, with its peculiarities, by competent men acquainted with
nearly every variety, and we hope every lover of these flowers
will allow themselves ample time, so as to closely examine the
entire collection, from the species to (he newest varieties just
imported. We will name any good specimen sent to us at 2d.
per bloom.
The yournal.of Horticulture says :— " In the almost mnumer-
able ranges of pits fine collections of Chrysanthemums, about
600 varieties, are grown ; and an admirable system is adopted
of placmg each variety in groups by themselves for keeping
them true to name. Altogether, the wonderful collection of
plants to be found in these Nurseries are both a surprise and
a delight to the visitor, and testify more eloquently than words
can do to Messrs. Cannell & Sons' energy."
N.B.— The sight of our Nine Houses of PELARGO-
NIUMS, PRIMULAS, CYCLAMEN, SALVIAS, and
BEQONIAS will alone repay the Journey.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
rt^R&+tc^^5y^^:;^^PM£REi
FRUIT TREES,
OBNAMENTAIi TREES and SHaUBS,
FOREST TREES,
Roses, Rhododendrons, Climbers, &c.
I.arge and Healthy Stock, in Prime
Condition for Removal.
Catalogues free by Post, on application to
.J. CHEAL. & SONS,
Lowfield Nurseries,
CRAWLEY, SUSSEX.
DUTCH BULBS,
DIRECT FROM THE GROWERS.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON'S
CHOICE FLO WEB BOOTS.
OUR GUINEA PACKAGE
^
Of Choice Hardy Flower Roots for Spring Gardening, contains
the following well selected first-class sound Bulbs, viz. : —
36 HYACINTHS, mixed, in distinct colours.
50 TULIPS, single, early, best mixed.
50 ,, double
30 NARCISSUS, POLYANTHUS, best mixed.
30 ,, Incomparable, yellow, double.
50 ANEMONES, double, best mixed.
50 RANUNCULUS, double, best mixed.
400 CROCUS, in 4 distinct colours.
36 GLADIOLUS, best mixed.
50 SNOWDROPS, single.
Half this quantity for loj. Sd.
Other Collections for Indoor and Spring Gardening at
lor. 6(/,, 215., 27J. (id,, 50J., 55.r., and icor.
The above-named Collections may be had from our Agents,
Messrs. MERTENS and CO., 5, Billiter Square. London, E.C.,
during the season, against cash payment.
Our complete and revised CATALOGUE for 18S3 may be
had Free on application to our Agents or ourselves direct.
Early Orders respectfully requested.
ANT. ROOZEN & SON,
NURSERYMEN, OVERVEEN, near HAARLEM,
HOLLAND.
■'EMBRACIHC .^ _ — "S
MOST CASES-
FREE BY POST OR RAIL
PRICE CATALOGUE POST FREE
JamesDickson&Sons
"NEWTON'^ NURSERIESVurcTrn
I08EASTCATESI ''-""ItH
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25^-. per 100, or 4J-.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
WOBOESTEB.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
A'^d- Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
' or Retail.
SEEDS °^ MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 1784.
ADDRESS :—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
DWARF ROSES, splendidly rooted, the
best sorts, 6^. per dozen, Irom ground ; fifty for 2i.r.
TEA ROSES, in pots, i<;j. per dozen, fifty for 50s.
FINE CLIMBING PLANTS, Hardy, for Walls, Trellises,
Arbours, Rockeries, &c.. in twelve varieties. 6^. and gj.
FINE HARDY HEATHS and other Dwarf American Plants,
in variety, 4s. and 65. per dozen.
PRETTY DWARF SHRUBS of various kinds, for Pots,
Boxe?, Winter Bedding, S:c., in variety, a,s. or 6^. per doz.
PRETTY TABLE PLANTS, in variety, for immediate use,
6i'., 9^ , and t.'zs. per dozen.
BEAUTIFUL FERNS, twelve sorts, 4^, e^/., 6^., or gr.
For all classes of Plants, Bulbs, Seeds, Fruit and other Trees,
Shrubs, or Garden Sundries, see our Catalogues.
Many acres of ground and many thousand feet of glass are
stocked with the best of everything in the respective classes.
Visitors invited.
WM. CLTBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
T:j^1GHTY thousand clematis, in
LJ Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from 121. to 24J. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
Vines -Vines— Vines.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this season, as
usual, a splendid stock of VINES, suitable for Fruiiing in Pots
and Planting Vineries. Also a fine stock of Maiechal Niel,
Gloire de Dijon, and other TEA ROSES.
Descriptive Priced LIST on application.
The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
ROSES, TREE CARNATIONS,
CLIMBERS, &c.
My CATALOGUE of above is now ready, and contains, in ad-
dition to above, Selections of PANSIES, BEDDING VIOLAS,
CLOVES, CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, PHLOXES, PY-
RETHRUMS, DELPHINIUMS, and many others.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
Beautiful Flowers for Gardens.
POTENTILLAS, PYRETHRUMS, DEL-
PHINIUMS, lovely hardy flowers for Cutting or Garden
Bloom. Named, s^^- per dozen.
SPLENDID PHLOXES, Pentstemons, Pinks, Pansies, in I he
finest varieties, 3s. td. per dozen.
HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, the most showy sorts
(too numerous to mention here— see Catalogues for List),
■^s, per dozen, 21.1. per loo.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, good exhibition soits, 6j.
per dozen plants. Fine Clove and Border Self varieties
4r. per dozen — all from layers.
LILIES, candidum. Orange, and Tiger Lilies, 3^, per dozen.
Many other sorts in Catalogue.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
ERBAC"eOUS,~ALPINE^ and ROCK
PLANTS.
Collections of iqo choice varieties .. -^lis.
M 50 ,, ,, . . 17J. 6(/.
II 35 ,, ,, . . Z.OS. (id.
Packing free and extra plants sent to compensate for carriage.
R. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston,
Birmingham.
Outdoor Flowers in Spring.
DAISIES, Red, White, Rose, &c. ; POLY-
ANTHUS. Single PRIMSOSES in variety of colours.
WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS. <^d. per
dozen, 4J. and 55. per 100. PANSIES and VIOLAS
(colours separate), ARABIS, ALYSSUM, SILENE
COMPACTA, AUBRIETIAS, MYOSOTIS, u. 6(f. per
dozen. Zs. per 100. Or 500 assorted Spring floweiing Plants
for T.-]S. 6d, ; icoo for 31 j. 6d.
TULIPS, various colours, 5^. per ico CROCUS, is. 6d. and
zs. per 100. SNOWDROPS, ris. dd. per 100. Border
HYACINTHS, i8y. per 100. NARCISSUS, of sorts, 55.
and -js. 6d. per loo. Or 500 assorted Spring-flowering Bulbs
for \zs. ; icoo for 215.
HEPATICAS, Blue and Red, Double PRIMROSES. White,
Lilac, or Sulphur, 3^. 6d. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON. Oldfield Nursery. Altrincham.
CABBAGE— CABBAGE.— Extra strong and
fine Plants of autumn sown Early Rainham, Early Enfield
Market, Early Batiersea, and Early Nonpareil, 3^, per 1000 ;
Robinson's Champion Drumhead, 35. per 1000. The above are
well-rooted, and free from club. No better plants can be had.
Post-office Order, or reference from unknown correspondents.
Free on rail. Samples on application. Apply,
W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford, Surrey.
WEET-SCENTED LAVENDER.—
Twelve plants, is. 3d,, free, or js. per 100, free per Parcels
Post. This charming sweet-scented plant ought to be in
every garden ; perfectly hardy, but suitable for greenhouse
culture.
RARE HOLLY FERN, with thorns, like miniature Holly
leaves, u., free; two plants, i.r. 6d., free; twelve, 7^., free.
Quite hardy, but nice for Fern-case culture.
White scented old English garden LILY, three fine blooming-
size bulbs, JS. 6d., free ; twelve, 4^'. 6d., free.
MORLEY AND CO., Rosedale Exotic Nurseries, Preston.
"D OSES (20 acres). — Well-rooted, many
-M-V shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and
of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per
dozen, 60s. per loo ; packing and carriage free for cash with
order. Standards, 15s. per dozen, or 100 free for 120J. These
world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction.
Descriptive LIST free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
A Gay Conservatory.
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, 2s. 6d., 4.?., and
6s. per dozen, according to size.
HERBACEOUS CALCEOLARIAS, i^. 6d. per dozen, from
stores.
SOLANUMS, full of berries. CYCLAMEN. BOUVARDIAS,
TREE CARNATIONS, DEUTZIA GRACILIS, in pots
for early blooming, 6s., 9,1., i-zs., and 18s. per dozen. Three
at same rates.
HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUS, SPIR/EAS, LILIES,
&c.— see Catalogue.
AZALEAS, Ghent, mollis, Pontica, or indica, all with buds, for
Forcing, 18^., 24^., and 30J. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
October 27, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
521
PAUL &, SON'S CHESHUNT ROSES.
PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT,
RESPECTFULLY INVITE EARLY ORDERS FOR
STANDARD, HALF-STANDARD, AND DWARF ROSES,
SELECTED FROM THE
Finest Stock ever held by any English Rose-grower.
The Cheshunt Roses have, during the past season, obtained more First Prizes than any other
House — showing the Firm maintains the reputation they have enjoyed for so many years.
An Inspection of the Stock and Personal Selection of the Plants is invited. Descriptive
CATALOGUES Post-free on application.
Prices of Selected Plants for Autumn, 1883:—
STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS
„ „ New and Scarce Sorts, including Teas
DWARF STANDARDS
DWARFS, on Manetti ) older sorts
„ on Brier J „
„ „ newer sorts
„ Teas, all on Brier
z\s. to 24^.
pe
r dozen
/8
OS.
per ICO
Zos.
>»
/.lo
OS.
)»
I5J.
))
/b
OS.
n
9^. to 1 2 J.
»
i,3
tos.
}»
I2J-.
»
lA
OS.
i»
1 5^. to zos.
...
I5J-. to \%s.
M
Lb
OS.
)»
Please Address, withoiU Christian Name or Initial —
PAUL & SON, The Old Nurseries, CHESHUNT, HERTS.
,^^,JGII WAEME & SOIS,
^^Vt,- fT*A(j._^.ov.. ^ _- HvrtrnnUr anrt Sanitarv EnErlneerg. Bell and Brass
By Special Appointnical.
THE
Crescent Foundry,
CRIPPLEGATE,
LONDON, E.G.,
and the Foundry Works,
WALTON - ON - THE - NAZE.
Essex.
Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers, Bell and Brass
Founders, Braziers, and Coppersmiths.
First Prize Silver Medals aiuarded to yohii
Warner &' Sous, by tlie Royal Horticultural ,^^^ ^
Society, at tlveir Exkibitto'is in London., May, ^J^a^^
1882 and 1883, Jbr Garden Engines, &'c.
By Special Appointment.
Manufacturers of
GILBERT'S
Patent HandligMs
and Improved Regis-
tered and Patent
Handlights and Be-
spirators.
7. W. if Sons' Harticultural List, and Wind,
Water, Steam, Horse, and Manual Patuer Puntp-
ing Machinery Catalogues, on application.
K. HALLIDAY & CO.,
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Feach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, »ro th«
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that thr very best.
Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our nim.
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.
plans. Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdont.
Our Maxim is and always has been —
KODERATS CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIAH.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING, a Handy Manual for the improved Cultivation
of all Vegetables. By William Earlev, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to
Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price 4J. dd.
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN.
A complete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size, A New Edition.
Fcap. cloth, price ^s.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FEBNS
and SXXAGINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may bo had
FREE on application.
W. «& J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from i 8j. to 36^-. per dozen.
These World-famed BOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
1883-A BC BULB GUiDE-1883.
nPHIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
-^ has been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General MISCELLANEOUS BULBS,
very extensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LI LIU MS (perhaps the finest collection ol these ever
offered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORUS,TRIL.
LIUMS, PEONIES, the leading and most distinct
varieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.,
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
adapted for Autumn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
The Largest Rose Groundsin England
CRANSTON'S NURSERIES
(Established 1785).
THE PLANTINa SEASON.
Order Earl7 and Plant In October and November.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
Beg to draw the attention of Amateurs and Rose
Growers generally to their immense Stock of
DWARF and STANDARD
ROSES,
which are unusually fine this season. The
plants, having made very early growth, are now
well ripened, and will be in excellent condition
for transplanting. Plants are grown in every
variety of form, and upon Stocks best adapted
to the habit or constitution of the Rose.
Selections will be supplied at the following prices,
less 5 per Cent, discount for Casli wltli Order :—
STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS, superior varieties,
215. to 24J. per dozen.
DWARFS on MANETTI, superior varieties, gs. to loj. per
dozen.
DWARFS on SEEDLING BRIER and BRIER CUT-
TINGS, superior varieties, los. to 12J. per dozen.
DWARF TEA-SCENTED and NOISETTES, on Seedling
Brier, superior varieties, 15J. to its. per dozen.
DWARF HYBRID PERPETUALS. on own roots, 151, to
\Zs. per dozen.
CLIMBING ROSES, 91. to \2S. per dozen.
NEW FRENCH ROSES for 1883. 361. per dozen.
TEA-SCENTED, HYBRID PERPETUALS, &c, in 8-inch
pots, specially grown for Forcing, 3^s., 301., to 4xr. per
dozen.
GARDEN ROSES, suitable for Bedding or Maisbg, 6ci>.
per 100.
Special Quotations will be given to Buyers of
Lar^e Quantities.
Descriptive Catalogue on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.
(LIMITED),
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD,
522
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
October 27, 1883.
H
CHAS. KERSHAW'S
NEW EARLY RHUBARB, "PARAGON,"
May be had of the roUowlng Firms :—
Messrs. HURST and SON, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.
Messrs. SUTTON AND SONS. Reading.
Messrs. WATKINS and SIMPSON, Strand, W.C.
Messrs. JACOB WRENCH and SONS, London Bndee, E.G.
Mr, ALFRED LEGERTON, 5, Aldgate, London, E.G.
Messrs. JAS. FARRAR and CO., 36, Primrose Street, Bishops-
Messrs. TOOLE AND CO., Dublin. [gat'. E.G.
Messrs. HOOPER and CO , Covent Garden, W.C.
Messrs. NUTTING and SONS, «o, Barbican, London, E.C.
Messrs. RICHD. SMITH and CO., Worcester.
Messrs. JAS. BACKHOUSE and SON, York.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY.
THE LAWSON SEED COMPANY, Edinburgh.
Messrs. DANIELS BROS., Norwich.
Mr. SAMUEL YATES, 16 and 18. Old Millgate, Manchester.
Messrs. WAITE, NASH, HUGGINS and CO., 79. South-
wark Street, S.E. [Chester.
Messrs. JAS. DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nurseries,
Or, direct from -CHARLES KEESHAW,
The Slead Syke Nurseries, Brighouse.
ARDY ORCHIDS.— Twelve choice kinds,
including six e.xotic, with full cultural instructions, 5^.
STANSFIELDS, Sale.
Special Cvature of
FRUIT TREES and ROSES.— A large and
select stock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The Desciiptive CATALOGUE of Roses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth. Herts.
FOR SALE, Four Standard-trained
PEACHES and NECTARINES, leading varieties,
first season fruiting, clean and healthy. Apply to
GARDENER, The Grove, Stanmore, Middlesex.
Tea Eoses— Tea Eosea.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
Shame's Seeds.
CHARLES SHARPE and C O.,
Seed Growers and Seed Merchants, Sleaford, will
be glad to forward^ Post-free on application. Special Whole-
sale quotations of their own selected stocks of Garden and Agri-
cultural Seeds. Sleaford.— October, 1883.
To the Trade
FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS. — Three
Millions, chiefly Home-grown i-yr. LARCH, &c., will
be sold on the most reasonable terms. Samples and prices on
application to
PETER BLAKE, Nurseryman, Summer Hill, Co. Meath,
Ireland.
ATALOGUE of FERNS, illustrated and
descriptive, with Cultural Notes. Three stamps,
CATALOGUE of ALPINE PLANTS, illustrated and de-
scriptive. Free on application.
LIST of HARDY ORCHIDS, with full cultural instruc-
tions. Free on application.
The following expression of opinion is from one of the highest
authorities in the land on the subject of Ferns :— " ^ ^ • I have
gone very carefully through your list, and, without compliment-
ing you, it is by far the best nurseryman's list of British Ferns
F. W. AND H. STANSFIELD, Nurserymen, Sale, near
Manchester.
THE OLD FIRH, ''VEUVE DTJCHER."
Special Establishment for Rose Culture.
J FERNET FILS— DUCHER,
• 23, Chemin des Quatres Maisons Guilloticre,
Lyons, France,
NEW ROSES obtained from seed in this establishment, and
to be distributed on and after November i, 1883 :—
EDOUARD GAUTIER, Tea, of vigorous habit, like Jean
Fernet— flowers large and globular, full, of excellent shape,
outer petals white shaded light rose on the under surface,
inner petals chamois-yellow, shaded clear rose. A superior
variety, raised from Devoniensis, Tea. 25 francs each.
TREE PjEONIES, obtained from seed in this establishment,
and now offered for sale : —
SOUVENIR DE DUCHER — vigorous habit and fine
foliage ; flowers large, full, globular, of a beautiful intense
violet colour shaded with magenta. Its early-flowering and
robust habit render it a variety of superior excellence. Price,
strong plants, 20 francs each.
ROSES by thousands. Dwarfs and Standards of the best
varieties, old and new.
The CATALOGUE will be sent free by post.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
20,000 PALMS,
including Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Coryphas, Phojnix, CocosWeddclliana, Caryotas,
&c ; FERNS, in 485 and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, tor
flowering this season; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, TASMINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS ;
Tuberous and Foliage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
Kent, The Garden of England.
300000 FRUIT TUEES in 600 varieties.
GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.
beg to intimate that their slock was never finer, and
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them-
selves. The New Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps. Reference LIST free.
The Kent Roses do Live.
Extra well-rooted stuff, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone. — Established 1796.
R U I T TREES (74 acres). —
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES, PEACHES,
NECTARINES, APRICOTS, &c,, as Standards, Dwarfs,
Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety.
VINES, excellent canes, 3s. 6d. to loj. 6d. ORCHARD
HOUSE TREES in pots, from 51. FIGS, from 3s. 6d.
Descriptive LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of
Trees, with directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure,
Pruning, Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under Glass ; also infor-
mation as to Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin, Colour, Flesh,
Flavour, Use. Growth, Duration, Season. Price, &c, free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.
WEBBS'
CHOICE
HYACINTHS
FREE
By POST or RAIL.
FOR
BEDDING.
Per doz.
-s. d.
Crimson
4 0
Red
4 0
Pink
4 0
Pure White ..
4 0
White Tinted
4 °
Purple
4 0
Dark Blue . .
4 °
Lifiht Blue . .
4 0
Yellow
4 °
Mixed Varieties, Single, 3^.
per dozen, 2W. per 100.
Mixed Varieties, Double, 3J'.
per dozen, iis. per 100.
FOR POTS and GLASSES.
I03 in 100 Choice Varieties, delivered free
ICO in 50 Choice Varieties, delivered free
50 in 50 Choice Varieties, delivered free
50 in 25 Choice Varitties, delivered free
25 in 25 Choice Varieties, delivered free
\i in 12 Very Fine Varieties, delivered free
12 in 12 Good Varieties, delivered free..
.. £\ o
■-3 7
.. I 17
FOR EXHIBITION.
12 Superb Varieties for Exhibition, our selection j^i
25 Superb Varieties for Exhibition, our selection 2
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.
162, Fen church
DUTCH BULBS.
All first size and quality. Cash prices.
HVACINTHS, finest named, 4^., 5J., and 65. per dozen ; ditto,
finest for beds, is. 6d. per dozen.
TULIPS, finest named, 55. to Sj. per 100 ; ditto, finest mixed,
double or single, 4s. per 100.
CROCUSES, first size, all kinds to name, is. 6d. per loo.
The CITY SEED and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fencl
Street, and 80, St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C. __^
To tlie Trade.
HOME GROWN VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special offers of all the varieties of VEGETABLE
and AGRICULTUAL SEEDS they have grown this season
from choice selected stocks. The quality of the seeds is ex-
cellent, and the prices are very low.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
BERMUDA EASTER LILY (Lilium longi-
florum Harisii).— Having ordered direct a large quantity
of the best procurable bulbs from America, we are enabled to
ofTer the true variety at the low price of 2s. 6d. each. More
than forty beautiful pure white trumpet-shaped flowers^ have
been produced from a sinfile bulb. For further description of
this valuable acquisition, see Bulb LIST, free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and Nursery-
men, Worcester.
NOW^ BEADY.
THE GARDEN
ANNUAL
ALMANAC and ADDRESS BOOK
For 1884.
PRICE, ONE SHILLING,
Post-free, Is. 3d. j
This is the most complete and accurate
Yearly Reference Book for the use of all in-
terested in Gardens yet published. The alpha-
betical lists of all branches of the Horticultural
Trade has been corrected up to date. The lists
of Gardens and Country Seats have been very
carefully revised, while the list of Gardeners is
entirely re-written and the Post Towns added
with the greatest care and attention, and now
forms the most complete list ever published.
The Garden Annual may be ordered through
all Booksellers, Nurserymen, and Seedsmen. It
contains, among other matters, the following,
viz. : —
Almanac for the Year 1884.
Concise Calendar of Gardening Operations for each
Month.
Flowers, Fniits, and Vegetables procurable each month.
A carefully-compiled Alplialjotical List Of Nurserymen
and Seedsmen, Florists, Horticultural Builders,
Engineers, and of the Horticultural Trade gener-
ally.
The Principal Gardens and Country Seats in Great
Britain and Ireland, arranged in the order of the CountieG,
extended and corrected to date.
Alphabetical List of Country Seats and Gardens in the
United Kingdom, with Names of their Owners, very
much extended and corrected to date.
Alphabetical List of Head Gardeners in the principal
Gardens of the United Kingdom, re-written, with nearest
Post Towns added.
New Plants which have received Certificates from the Royal
Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies.
Planters' Tables, Full and Practical.
Tables of Seeds and for Seed Sowing.
Quantities of Grass Seeds for various Areas.
Braining and Fencing Tables.
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SATURDAY, OCTOBER 27, 18S3.
AN ALPHABET OF APPLEDOM.
WHAT is an Apple in the idealistic philo-
logy? It is Abala in the abstract, a
little ball, and therefrom, in the practical, an
Apple is a round fruit. In Anglo-Saxon, Frisian,
and Dutch it is Appel, in German it is Apfel,
and may apply to a fruit or to the eye-ball,
which is the " apple of the eye." The Teutonic
ap or ab for fruit becomes av in Celtic. Skeat
mentions a connection between Apples and
floods, the explanation of which may be found
in the fact that Apples are more often found in
watered valleys than on starving mountains.
Let it suffice that an Apple is a round fruit, and
from ab to av, and thence to mala, the transi-
tions are such as philologists look for because
accustomed to them, as in this light the Latin is
a modern language. The appearance of the
Apple in the story of the Fall is a poetic license ;
it does not appear in the Mosaic record, but as
Milton had to sing of
"The fruit
Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste
Brought death into the world, and all our woe,"
he must needs pass from the subjective of
Genesis iii., 6, and in the way of a dramatist
present a visible Apple. It is in book ix., 575,
that it appears as such, in the address of the
serpent to the " Empress of the World, resplen-
dent Eve " —
" On a day, roving the field, I climbed
A goodly tree far distant to behold,
Loaden with fruit of fairest colours mixed,
Ruddy and gold. I nearer drew to gaze.
When from the boughs a savoury odour blown,
Grateful to appetite, more pleased my sense
Than smell of sweetest fennel, or the teats
Of ewe or goat dropping with milk at even,
Unsucked of lamb or kid, that tend their play.
To satisfy the sharp desire I had
Of tasting those fair Apples, I resolved
Not to defer ; hunger and thirst at once —
Powerful persuaders — quickened at the scent
Of that alluring fruit, urged me so keen."
Wliat is a Beefing? Whether we adopt the
English or the French spelling {baiij) the mean-
ing is the same. The Apple should resemble beef
in some way or other. The Norfolk Beefing is
well named, for when in high colour it re-
sembles lean beef that has been cut a few
hours, and in which the original vivid red has
acquired a purplish hue. Mere de Mdnage
might be called a Beefing with propriety, but as
the name stands alone without generic signifi-
cance it would he a folly to alter it. The dried
Apples called "Biffins'' are proper Beefings,
but Biffin may remain as the name of a dried
Apple, and will pay its way by its usefulness.
The change from Biffin to Pippin is of a kind
common enough, and has a touch of unintended
humour in it. Languages are made by the
vagaries of the human tongue much more than
by the laws of reason or the demands of sheer
necessity.
What is a Calville? It is a golden Apple or
Guldeling. A Calville should have prominent
ribs running up to the crown, and there forming
524
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 1883,
knobs, and when cut transversely the cavity at
the core should be distinctly five-angled (see
Lindley's Guide to the Orchard, p. 9). A
conical form is proper to a Calville, but the
ribs and the knobs are the leading features, to
which may be added large size and high quality.
In Leroy's Dictionnaire de Pomologie, iii.,
175, the history of Calville Blanc is given at
length. It is described as an ancient fruit,
formerly known as the Taponnelle, but taking
its modern name from the commune of Calville,
in the Department de I'Eure.
]]'hat is a Codlin ? In Anglo-Saxon a Cod
sppel is a Quince. Probably a Codlin or Cod-
ling is the diminutive of cod, meaning, perhaps,
a ball in a bag, or something enclosed, as Feas
are enclosed in a Peas-cod, and an Apple is
clothed with its skin. All this is indeterminate,
and again the question is asked, What is a
Codlin .^ Hearken to Malvolio in Twelfth
Night, i., 5, 164 -.—^^ Mai. Not yet old enough
for a man, nor young enough for a boy : as a
Squash is before 'tis a Peascod, or a Codling
when 'tis almost an Apple ; 'tis with him," &c.
Now hearken to Lord Bacon : " Of gardens,"
first section, the fruits of July, "earley Peares,
and Plummes, Ginnitings, Ouadlins." In Sep-
tember he speaks of Apples, Peaches, &c. In
Ford's Sun's Darling, iii. 3, occurs this pas-
sage : — " If I be not deceived I ha' seen summer
go up and down with hot Codlings." It is clear
from these allusions that Codlings were unripe
Apples that needed coddling or cooking to
render them eatable. A Codlin, therefore, must
be an Apple suitable for use while yet unripe ;
it must be a culinary fruit, and it should be
somewhat of the make and quality of English
Codlin and Carlisle Codlin, more or less conical,
angular, ribbed, and useful to the cook, while
yet of the smallest size.
What is a Costard? It is an old fruit, by name at
least, for Evelyn in the Kalendarium Hortense, in
the second edition o( Sylva, 1670, names it in a list of
Apples in use in October, thus: " Belle-et-Bonne,
William, Costard, Lording, Patsley-Apple, Pear-
main, Pear Apple, Honey-meal, Apis, &c." A
CostaTd must be an Apple, but a " coster " is possibly
not necessarily a dealer in Apples. However Skeat, in
a capital gloss, says definitely that a Costard-monger
or costermonger is an itinerant dealer in Apples. In
Drant's Horace, B. 2, sub. 3 : —
" The prodigall, by Whitteworde, hath ten talents : in
his heate,
He biddes the costerd-mongers and th' appothycaries
neate."
But this does not settle the question, What is a
Costard ? It is certainly inferior to a Pippin, which
raay account for its being a sort of monopoly for the
wandering merchant, who, in old times possibly did
not dare, or was not allowed, to speculate in first-class
goods. See Ford, TJic Sun's Darling, iv., I: *' Upon
my life he means to turn costermonger, and is pro-
jecting how to forestall the market. I shall cry
Pippins rarely." A Costard may be, or perhaps must
be, in some way or other like a head, for a Costard
was a head or an anthropomorphic nut to crack.
*'His knaves costard," in Merry Wives, iii., 11, is
the head of his serving man. In Richard III,, i,, 4,
the First Murderer gives an effective gloss, for he
says, proposing the mode of procedure with poor
Clarence, "Take him over the costard with the hilt
of thy sword, and then we will chop him in the
Malmsey butt in the next room." The Catshead,
therefore, is not a ridiculous synonym for a Costard,
and any inferior long-bodied Apple wanting in good
looks as well as inward quality may be called a
Costard, but the term is wide and vague, and there
is no good reason why it should ever be employed
to represent a section or class of Apple.
What is a Crab ? It is a crabbed, ill-natured,
sour fruit. It is Pyrus acerba properly, but it
may be Pyrus prunifolia, a qualified Crab, as we
say "American," or P. baccata, the "Siberian,"
&c. All proper cider Apples are varieties of Pyrus
acerba, the sour Apple or Crab ; and the sweet
Apple of gardens is Pyrus malus, a fruit indigenous
to Europe, and one that we know best in the many
forms that have resulted from cross-breeding. A
true Crab is characterised by smooth ovate leaves,
flowers in corymbs, the calyx tube smooth ; the fruit
mostly smallish, roundish, high-coloured, and sour
enough to make one wince as though nipped by the
claws of a crab. Cider, or Sieder, was made from
Aeppels by the Teutons long before the Roman period ;
it is probably a more ancient drink than beer, which
also is in an especial manner a Germanic drink.
What is a Nonpareil ? Custom should settle this
point above all book authority, because the term needs
no explanation, and our business is so to restrict its
meaning that it may be of real use as a technicality.
The old Nonpareil has been in the country some
300 years, and tradition says it came from France.
Every Nonpareil should agree with it, generally, in
being of a medium or smallish size, smooth, round or
roundish, flattish, with conspicuous eye, brownish or
russety, of high quality for the table. A conical fruit,
a large culinary fruit, a ribbed fruit, a high-coloured
fruit, cannot be a Nonpareil, and if so named the
name should not be accepted.
What is a Nonesuch ? It is the parallel of Non-
pareil, and its use must be regulated by reason. A
Nonesuch, or Nonsuch, should be round and flat like
a Cheshire cheese, and if ever a conical Apple appears
*ith a claim to be classed as a Nonesuch, the claim
must be disallowed, and it must be shunted over to
the Codlins, Calvilles, or Quoinings, as circumstances
may determine.
JVhat is a Pearmain ? It is the Poire-fonime, the
Pear Apple, the Pear-shaped Apple, and is of French
origin. It is the poire-viagne, the great Pear, as the
main sea is the great sea, main force great force, the
main-land the great or continental land as distinct
from an island, &c. When the term was first adopted
in this country it might be difficult to determine.
Parkinson figures an Apple under the name at p. 585
of the Paradisus, It is a small conical fruit. At
p. 587 he mentions two sorts of Pearmain, but says
nothing of their form or colour. Gerard, at p. 1275
of the Herbal, 1597, figures two, of which one is a
round fruit, the other somewhat Pear-shaped. Dray-
ton, in Polyolbion, 1 8, says : —
" The Pearmain, which to France long ere to us was
known ;
Which careful fruiterers now have denizen'd their
own."
Mortimer, in Dictionary of Commerce, 1809, says
" Pearmain is an excellent and well-known fruit." It
is known to the modern pomologist by its shape and
quality. It must be conical, pyramidal, or oblong,
and perhaps the so-called Golden Winter Pearmain,
which is henceforth to be known as King of the Pip-
pins, is a fair example of the proper Pearmain shape,
as it is also of Pearmain quality. Adams', Loan's,
Mannington's and the Claygate Pearmains are of
proper Pearmain form and quality ; but Hormead,
Enfield, and Baxter's Pearmains may be cited as
examples of deviation from the proper form, and
therefore having no proper claim to be called Pear-
mains.
What is a Pippin ? Fuller says Pippins were
brought from France in the sixteenth year of Henry
VIII. The name is accounted for by the fact that
the trees were raised from pips without grafting, that
is to say, all seedling Apples allowed to fruit on their
own roots were in old times called Pippins. From the
speech of Justice Shallow {2 Henry ZF., v., 3) we
learn a distinct lesson. He says : " You shall see my
orchard, where, in an arbour, we will eat a last year's
Pippin of my own grafting, with a dish of Carraways,
and so forth." We are to understand that the Apple
was a seedling that had been grafted because of its
good quality, and that it was a good keeper. Now
let us turn again to Fuller, and in the Lincolnshire
section of the " Worthies " we find the following : —
" Pippins. — With these we will close the stomach
of the reader, being concluded most cordial by
physicians. Some conceive them to be not above
a hundred years seniority in England. However,
they thrive best and prove biggest (not Kentish
excepted) in this county, particularly in Holland
[Kirton and Skirbeck way, in the south-eastern parts
of Lincolnshire], and about Kirton therein, whence
they have acquired addition of Kirton Pippins, a
wholesome and delicious Apple ; and I am informed
that Pippins grafted on a Pippin stock are called
Renates, bettered in their generous nature by such
double extraction."
The Crab having been referred to as the fountain
of cider it should now be added that a Pippin may
also contribute to the "rolling cider sea," for it is
not unusual to make cider from a mixture of Apples,
and sweet as well as sour Apples are used at discre-
tion. This brings us, therefore, to the mention of
Pippins by Phillips in his poem of "Cider," where,
in book 2, you will find the following : —
" Ciders in metal frail improve : the moyle
And tasteful Pippin, in a moon's short year,
Acquire complete perfection ; now they smoke
Transparent, sparkling in each drop."
What does he mean by the " moyle and tasteful
Pippin ? " According to Nathan Bailey we should
understand by the passage a grafted tree such as
Justice Shallow was so proud of. Ash says a moyle
may be a mule, a graft, or a scion. But in another
passage it is made evident that the moyle was the
name of an Apple —
" The Pippin, burnish'd o'er with gold, the moyle
Of sweetest honied taste ; the f^iir Pearmain,
Temper'd, like comeliest nymph, with white and red."
Once more, then, what is a Pippin ? You will have
observed that Fuller connects Pippins with "renates"
and our old English Golden Pippin. The " renat " of
Drayton was called Keinelte d'Angleterrc, and is now
(as aforetime) known to the Dutch z.& Engelshe gotid
Pepping, the English Gold Pippin. It appears that
Pippins anciently were Apples raised from seeds and
fruited on their own roots, and afterwards grafted
when they proved so good as to deseve perpetuation.
The Ribston Pippin is a familiar example, and its
history is known. It gives the key to the charac-
teristics of proper Pippins for the purposes of modern
classification. A Pippin should be roundish and
regular, representing nearly the form of Pyrus malus ;
it may be a table or a culinary fruit, or both ; it
should be a keeper ; or, at all events, the name can-
not be properly given to a summer Apple. As Pip-
pins have always been well spoken of they should be
of good quality, and the quality obvious, as it is in the
Ribston, the Blenheim, the Cambusnethan, the
Bringewood, the Breedon, the Golden, the Downton,
the Lemon, and the Newtown or Newton. All these
declare themselves good by their looks or at the first
bold bite, not needing to be cooked to prove that
they are good Apples. There are many so-called
Pippins of a conical form and of the merest culinary
quality that should be moved away to the Codlins or
to some other section apart from the Pippins.
Pommes and Russets appear to be scarcely definable.
A Pomme should not be a Pippin, or a Calville, or a
Nonpareil, or a Pearmain. It may combine in a
modified degree the characters of many classes, and,
at the end of the story, should be an average Apple
of moderate size and good quality, such as Pomme
Royale, which might well serve as a type. A Russet
should be decidedly russety ; a mere patch of russet
should not suffice, as we have that in so many sorts
that properly belong to other classes.
What is a Quoining ? It is of or belonging to a
quoin, or coin, the pronunciation being koyn. A
coin may be money, but it need not be round. It
may be square or wedge-shaped. The word coin is
derived from the Latin cuneics, a wedge, the earliest
forms being wedges, or ingots. A printer's quoin is
employed to jam or wedge up ; in architecture the
meaning is nearly the same, or if it applies not to a
wedge it does to a corner or an angle. In Mortimer
we have " brick houses with strong and firm quoins
or columns at each end." An Apple bearing the
name Quoining should be conical or wedge-shaped,
or in some way decidedly angular. We have a proper
example in Crimson Quoining, which is of the same
shape nearly as the Cornish Gilliflower. Then,
what is a Queening ? This I take to be a Quoining
put out of shape by the blundering common in the
use of names. If this conjecture is worth anything, a
Queening and a Quoining are commutable terms, and
the last is the correct form that should alone be
recognised. The Queening is by no means a new
term, and the argument of its derivation from Quoin-
ing is in some degree weakened by the fact that an
Apple was so named in the time of Queen Elizabeth,
and in honour of the Virgin Queen.
]Vhat is a Reinetle ? Well, to begin with, it is a
Rennet, for to spell it any other way is to make ducks
and drakes of our glorious English language. The
" renate " of the old authors is blundering Latin for
born again, as though the Apple of the Fall had been
pardoned for the mischief it made, and had promise
given it of sharing in the felicity of man's redemption.
What is a Rennet in the realms of Appledom ? Some
October 27, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
525
Fig. 86,— dammara aUsTRaLIs, the kauri PiNfi,
of our great lexicographers (Scheler and Littre for
example, but Skeat does not commit himself) derive
Renat from Kana a frog, because the skin of a Rennet
is, or should be, speckled. A Rennet should be of
high quality, far away from a Codlin or a Crab.
What does Drayton say (Poly,, 18) : —
"The Renat which, though first it from the Pippin
came,
Grown through his pureness nice, assumes that
curious name."
Skeat says a Rennet should be swset, Bailey says it
should be a Pippin. Ash says it should be an Apple.
Richardson will give you work enough if you care for
literary agonies j he says, " Some derive from reine,
the queen of Apples ; others from raiia^ because it is
spotted like a frog." Skinner suggests the city
Rennes. You have seen above that Fuller declares
a Pippin grafted on a Pippin stock to be a Renate,
and Drayton, in the passage above cited, makes it but
a better sort of Pippin. It is pretty clear, therefore,
that sweet and welcome-eating Pippins that are
strikingly coloured, and more especially if spotted or
much streaked and mottled, may be called Rennets,
but they must be of first quality and suited to fastidiou's
appetites, as fruit to be eaten without the aid of the
cook. Shirley Hibberd,
DAMMARA AUSTRALIS.
One of the noblest evergreen trees in that noblest
of collections of such plants contained in the temperate-
house at Kew, is the subject of the present note.
Some months since cones were observed to be form-
ing on this tree, and a representation of which we
are now enabled, throngh the courtesy of Mrs. Dyer,
526
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 1883.
to lay before our readers (fig. 86). We are not aware
whether the tree has previously produced cones at Kew,
though we have the impression that such is the case ;
at any rate it has done so elsewhere, as recorded in
the Flore des Scms, 1S56, p. 75, but fertile seed was
not yielded owing to the absence of pollen.
In this country the tree is only valuable for its
massive aspect and richly coloured thick evergreen
leaves, borne on successive tiers of branches, which
render it specially suitable for the decoration of winter
gardens, corridors, and such-like situations, where no
great amount of heat is required. In the northern
island of New Zealand, however, it is quite another
matter, for there, where it is known as the Kauri
Pine, it furnishes the most valuable of timbers, as
may be judged from the lact that the trunk of the
tree attains a height of from 50 to 100 feet clear of
the branches ; moreover it yields a gum resin like
copal, which exudes from the trunk, and which is
sometimes found below-ground in the vicinity of the
trees, thus giving the clue to the real nature of
amber and other similar substances.
The timber is of slow growth, especially valuable
for the construction of masts of ships, its durability,
strength, and elasticity rendering it particularly suit-
able for this purpose, and Laslett speaks of it as one
of the best woods for working that the carpenter can
take in hand, and recommends its use for the decks
of yachts, for cabin panels, for joiner's work generally,
or for ornamental purposes. Owing to the difficulty
and expense of working the forests, and the great
distance, comparatively little of it comes to this
country.
CATTLEYA TRIOPHTHALMA, mv. hyb. Hort.
A VERY fine Cattleya of Sedenian origin has just
flowered after a life of eight years in the Royal Exotic
Nursery of Messrs. James Veitch and So/s. It is
stated by Mr. Harry Veitch to be a hybrid between
Leelia exoniensis (pollen parent) and superba. *' The
strongest bulb is 6 inches long and the leaf 12 inches,
partaking thus much more of the character of exoni-
ensis as to length and breadth. The bulb is not so
much sheathed as in Cattleya superba, but more so
than in L. exoniensis. The last new growth is making
two leaves, the preceding three growths have one leaf
each, but the one before those again have two leaves.
I expect, when strong, it will be two-leaved." These
details were kindly given by Mr. Harry Veitch. The
inflorescence at hand is three-flowered, and has a fine
sheath. The flowers are equal to those of a fine
Cattleya superba, of which they nearly have the texture.
Sepals ligulate acute. Petals cuneate, oblong acute,
wavy, all fine purple-rose. The side laciniaa of the
wrapping round the column blunt angled, whitish-
yellow, finest purple on the end, with purple stripes
on the disc. Central lacinia transverse semi-oblong
blunt with few strong undulations, fine purple, with
deeper and warmer venation. The greatest charm is
the beauty of the expanded lip. Over the blade of
the anterior lacinia there runs a fine transverse deep
yellow area, radiating over the base of that organ,
the angles of the side lacinire being of the finest
purple. They surround the upper margin of that area,
and ascend in the centre to the lip's base as a purple
line, that has each side a large yellowish-white area
with light indigitalions of purple on nerves. The two
light lateral areas, and the transverse mid area, sug-
gested the name. The white column has a daik
purple anther. H, G, Rchb, f,
Odontoglossum lepidum, nov. hyb. nat. (.?).
This has round bulbs, rather flat, and short branch-
ing many-flowered inflorescences, one plant having
produced thirty-three flowers. The flowers are nearly
equal to those of Odontoglossum cirrosum, Lindl.
Sepals and petals lanceolate acute. Lip cuneate has-
tate at the base, with a long central unguis and a
reniform apiculate anterior blade. There is a long
thick callus running from base to base of the narrow
mid-part, where it projects in two recurved plates of
nearly triangular shape. One tooth stands on each
side. The column is much in the way of that of
Odontoglossum Lindleyanum : it is long, slender,
with narrow wings on the sides of the foveas, acute
9t the to,-", and has a depression under the fovea. The
flowers open with a yellow ground colour, but they
retain that colour only for nine or ten days, and after-
wards change to a white ground colour, with yellow
edging, looking quite dififerent. The sepals bear a few
(2 — 3) cinnamon blotches ; the petals but one blotch.
A similar spot stands before the keels, and the base at
the side of the brown spotted callosities shows some
brown marbling. It was imported from New Grenada
by Messrs. Shuttleworth & Carder, Park Road, Clap.-
ham. It is very neat. //. G. Rchb. f.
AdIANTUM CUNEATtJM STRICTUM, «. Var.
Fronds dwarf, erect, quadripinnate, with ascending
somewhat spirally arranged pinuK ; sori roundish
reniform, inserted as in the type. This is a very
distinct variety of the wedge-shaped Maidenhair, one
of several which have appeared within the past year or
two. It is of dwarf and slender habit, the fronds
being only from 6 to 8 inches high, and growing quite
erect instead of drooping as in the type ; the pinnae
are also directed upwards, and springing, as they do,
alternately from the rachis, they present the ap-
pearance of an ascending spiral series of short erect
branchlets. Though the pinnsa are short, they be-
come tripinnate at the base, the larger ones being
about a quarter of an inch across, cuneate, the ter-
minal ones somewhat trapeziform, the upper margin
shallowly lobed in all. The plants are freely fertile ;
the sori being obversely roundish-reniform, inserted
singly at the base of a sinus in the centre of one
of the marginal lobes.
We met with this neat little plant a few days ago
in the nursery of Mr. B. S. Williams, at Upper
Holloway, where there was a good stock of it quite
uniform in character. As a dwarf tufted evergreen
Fern, with small subdivisions, it will come in very
useful for minor decorations, though wanting the
graceful bearing of its parent species. T, Moore.
L-^iLIA ELEGANS HOUTTEANA, Rchb. f.
After a very long time this fine variety has re-
appeared with some slight modifications. The lip has
nearly rectangular blunt side lacinice, and the median
lacinia has at the top a much dilated nearly reniform
toothletted blade of richest purple, while the ends of
side lacinias have a little touch of mauve on their
purple. Mid-line of disc quite purple in this, with
three lines of purple in the original. I had this in the
finest state possible from Mr. Lee, Downside, Leather-
head, Surrey, //. G, Rchb. f.
Cattleya Eldorado ornata, «. var.
A great beauty. Take the finest coloured purple
Eldorado and add a large dark purple covering
the end of each petal. Such is the plant just in flower
with Mr. W. Lee, Downside, Leatherhead. H. G.
Rchb. f.
APPLE SHOW REFLECTIONS.
It seemed unreasonable on the part of some
visitors to the recent Apple Show to express dis-
appointment, not 50 much with the extent of the
exhibits, which was Iarc;e enough to satisfy the most
exacting, but rather with the comparative lack of
high average quality, such as is seen at any ordinary
fruit exhibition where prizes are offered. Perhaps
these critics had come to the show under the impres-
sion that it was but a big competitive display, and
nothing more, whereas it was in no sense competitive,
but was almost everyihing else that was useful and
instructive. Had one half the dishes shown been with-
held, and the other half been disposed in classes
according to section, no doubt the estimate of the
thow generally would have been that it was a grand
one for Apples only, and the average quality remark-
ably high. Fortunately no such result happened, for
had such been the case the Apple growing public
would not have had the splendid opportunity, so
largely availed of, to revise their Apple nomenclature,
and — not least — to discern from many average samples
what kinds to grow and what lo avoid. Show
fruits, like show Putatos, are not always the most ser-
viceable ; but, on the other hand, as with the latter
so with Apples, ihe more we select handsome or
striking kinds the more danger is there that many
most meritorious sorts maybe left out in the cold.
Naturally, too, we find the Apples of the present
autumn season to be richer in colour, and much more
attractive than are those kinds that will stand us in
good stead from January next and onwards ; indeed,
we might well ask, having regard to our Apple needs
in the late winter and coming spring, how many of
those fine and beautiful kinds which have extorted
admiration from thousands of spectators during the
past few weeks will be sound and serviceable a few
months hence ? Let us do exhibitors full justice in
saying that they have shown greater anxiety to set up
wide representative collections of kinds than restricted
selections of show sorts, and in so doing have as well
regarded the keeping, though perhaps non-showy
kinds, as they have the beautiful non-keepers of a fast
passing day. If it were possible — 'and it is so —
to have a show, even for a short time, of keeping
Apples in March next, we should see certainly a very
different display then to the one just closed at Chis-
wick, but it would be one hardly less interesting.
We shall want Apples just as much next spring as we
want them now, and would be delighted to find them
as accessible to all as they are now, but of course it is
not possible, having regard to the cost of keeping the
fruits for so long a time, the inevitable deterioration
of sample, and the naturally very largely reduced bulk
of the fruit that is remaining. None the less Apples
should be, to those who will grow keepers and care-
fully store them, a very profitable marketable com-
modity in the spring, and for that reason late keeping
Apples merit every encouragement. But, though a
second show of Apples such as the one just held
could hardly be looked (or in March next, at least
something might be done by offering a few good
prizes for collections of say six, twelve, and eighteen
kinds, to bring together capital representatives of our
keeping varieties, and thus furnish an amount of
information as to the relative keeping values of sorts,
and as to the best methods of storing, that would
prove most useful. If there remains in the hands of the
promoters of the recent Apple Congress, or of the
Council of the Royal Horticultural Society, a goodly
surplus, after all expenses are paid and needful de-
mands satisfied, then that surplus, or at least a por-
tion of it, could hardly be devoted to a better use
than in furnishing such prizss as may bring about the
show of keeping Apples suggested.
Having regard to our comparative dependence in
sparse seasons on imported Apples, it would be but
reasonable that foreign grown keepers should be
encouraged also, that we might see what kinds are in
other countries the most enduring.
It is doubtless true of late kinds of Apples that
they neither crop so freely, nor so often, nor produce
such fine samples, as do the early ones. For these rea-
sons our market growers plant very few late sorts, and
prefer the early ones. One other good reason which
influences the metropolitan growers, and perchance
many other Southern ones, is that good samples of
early kinds are eagerly bought up for the Northern
markets, and thus a ready and profitable sale is
ensured. Apple trees unhappily, be they ever so
precocious in production, will give but one crop in
the year, and if growers can take off a good crop of fine
'* Suffields," *' Derbys," "Manxs," or " Juliens "early
in September, and thus ensure a quick return on the one
hand, and an early relief to their trees on the other, it
is certain they will grow early sorts in preference to
late ones that can hardly be fit for sale till the end of
October, or later, and which are during the much
longer period of hanging subject to depreciation
through maggot, high winds, and other incidental
evils. The general tendency, now even more than
in the past, on the part of market growers, is to plant
only a few reliable early productive kinds. Tiiey
have to live, and to do that must grow what sorts will
give the best results. They, with us, may deplore
the comparative lack of good Apples in the spring
months, but no amount of sentiment will put cash
into their pockets. We have to show, if possible,
that there is a good market for good keepers in March,
and that lo store keepers in bulk it is a safe and profit-
able speculation; and when that is done there seems
no reason why growing late Apples in abundance
should not follow. When we note the comparative
ease with which our colonial exporters can send so far
superb fruits all through the winter by such simple
methods of packing, it becomes obvious that distance
from good markets, such as London or the great
Northern towns, need not affect profitable culture of
late Apples. It is more to the point that sites should
be selected where good keeping sorts will thrive and
are fairly well protected from those evil influences
that so often disastrously affect the Apple bloom.
Tens of thousands of acres of woodland now
engaged to little better purpose than preserving game
might be made especially useful for late Apple cul-
October 27, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
527
ture were the margins of the woods left to act as
shelter whilst the inner areas were grubbed and re-
planted with Apple trees. The chief thing for land-
owners or others willing to invest in any such under-
taking is to learn just what kinds are likely to prove
the most reliable croppers and the most profitable,
and that information might be greatly helped by the
holding of a show of keeping Apples in March next,
as suggested. We do not want more early sorls
planted ; in fact, these have been such a glut this
year that only those living within easy reach of a good
market have found them profitable. We advocate
the planting of keeping kinds because we want
late ones, and specially because to get them now we
have so very largely to be dependent upon foreigners.
Not that we have any stupid antipathy to the
foreigner, whether colonist or otherwise ; we must
buy in the cheapest market, and, indeed, in some
cases the only one ; but what we want to see is our
own countrymen — at a time, too, when the demand
for greater outlets for human labour and enterprise is
so great — striving to compete in this matter of Apple
culture with the foreigner on their own soil, and
under conditions that ought to ensure success, / s» d»
THE GREAT CHRISTMAS ROSE,
HELLEBORUS NIGER (/3) ALTIFOLIUS.
The Gai-iicners' Chrotikk of December 25, 1875,
contained an article by the late Miss F. J. Hope,
of Wardie Lodge, on the " Large-flowered Christmas
Rose, Uelleborus niger maximus, major and grandi-
florus." She staled that these names she always con-
sidered as provisional, but at that time it had no
others. Her first acquaintance with this plant dated
back to November, 1S63, the North of Scotland being
its home.
In her second article (Gardeners' Chronicle, Janu-
ary 22, 1S76) she says : — " H, maximus may be but
a variety of the common Christmas Rose, but wiser
heads than mine believe it to be a species. Neither
in England nor in the South of Scotland have I ever
seen this plant equal either in colour, or leaf, or
growth, to what I have seen it in Aberdeenshire."
In the same article Miss Hope also first introduces
II. angustifolius, to which variety I propose to refer
in a future communication, but it is altogether a
different plant from that now under consideration.
These two papers of Miss Hope's attracted much
notice at the time, but the question she raised as to
the origin of this grand Hellebore is still unsettled.
The Garden for April 24, 1S78, contained a
coloured plate, from a drawing by Mrs. Duffield, of
the same Hellebore as " The Giant Christmas Rose."
An article accompanied it, under the initial "G.,"
giving a general synopsis of the Hellebores, and it is
therein called the Giant Hellebore, H. altifolius.
Here it is stated : — " I can find no reliable informa-
tion as to its original source, but it has been known a
long time under the names of H. niger var. major,
maximus, giganteus and grandifiorus."
In seeking for information as to the origin of H.
angustifolius I think I have found the native habitat
of this also. In Reichenbach's Icones flone Ccr-
manicic el HelveliciC, published in 1S40, we find in
plate cxii. a beautiful coloured representation of this
plant under the name Uelleborus niger ($) altifolius,
Hayne. It is exactly Miss Hope's variety, and in
the letterpress it states that "it is distinguished
according to its finder in Carniola alike by its
habitat and spotted petiole and stalk." Its origin
is thus Southern Austria — Carniola. In the illustra-
tion the stalks are throughout mottled with purple,
and the stigmas on the apex of the nectary are a lively
pink, forming a very distinctive characteristic pecu-
liarity, which obtains in this variety of H. niger
only, so far as I know. The previous plate, cxi.,
gives an illustration of H. niger. Linn., in which the
petiole is green, the flower-stalk slightly pink-tinted
near its base, and the flower itself pink-tinted round
the margin of the sepals. The stigmas are coloured
green in this variety, exactly agreeing with our H.
niger. There is an excellent picture of II. niger in
vol. i., plate S, of the Botanical Magazine, published
1790, which shows a good deal of difference in type
from the Austrian variety above noted, having a
dwarfer habit, broader leafage, and pink mottling in
both flower and petiole stalks ; but here again the
stigma is not coloured pink, although the general
appearance of the plant in other respects is suggestive
of II, altifolius, and very like the ordinary form of
H. niger now in commerce. This variety is slated to
be from the Apennine and other mountains, and that
" the plant derives its first name from the black colour
of its roots (II. niger), and its second from its early
flowering and the colour of its petals, which have
frequently a lint iif red in them." (Christmas Kofe).
Mrs. DuffieU's picture (Garden, April 24, 1S78) has
small botanical value. It is an artist's picture only, very
great license having been taken both with the colour
and form of the plant. One of the flowers is tinted
throughout a deep pink ; the leaf also is not at all
like the sturdy leaf of altifolius. I have a goodly
number of plants of H. altifolius, obtained from five
or six sources, and they are all alike. Miss Hope
gave the blooming dates of hers October 3 to Janu-
ary 3. Our first flower was in full bloom this year on
October 15, and the flowers are now plentiful, one of
them being 5 inches in diameter. The name alti-
folius describes the plant admirably. Some of ours
have leaves standing stoutly erect 15 inches high and
16 inches across, covering over the young flowers like
a parasol. The buds are beautifully suffused with
lovely pink, which fades away as the flower expands,
so that the sepals become nearly white, though many
are pink tinged at the back and margin of the sepals.
The coronet of pink formed by the stigmas is also a
pretty and distinctive feature. Altogether this Helle-
bore is a most lovely flower, and coming as it does in
the waning of the year, when hardy flowers are scarce,
it is doubly valuable.
This plant still attains its greatest perfection, as
well as size, in Aberdeenshire. The climate there
will probably agree most nearly with that of its native
habitat in Carniola in the autumn. In the same way
Aquilegia glandulosa blooms at Forres in a manner
we fail to approach in England, probably from the
like influences. Hellebores also grow finer in Ireland
than they do in England, not even excepting Devon-
shire, the moist equable climate suiting their special
requirements. It would be interesting to learn if
any North Country florist of forty years ago imported
Hellebores from Austria, as in all probability the
origin of the Aberdeenshire stock of H. altifolius
would thus be traced back to the native habitat of the
plant in Carniola, the adjacent province to Carinthia,
where, at Villach, Herr Gusmus carries on a very
large export business in alpine plants, and in whose
Alpenjiora Katalog the plant is still offered for sale.
Win, Brockbanli, Brockhiirst, Didsbury, Oct, 20.
In view, however, of a possible fall in prices, the
Dominican planters are very wisely planting Cacao,
Liberian Coffee, Ceara rubber, and olher varieties of
tropical produce.
COLONIAL NOTES.
TiMEHRi. — This Journal, of which we have pre-
viously spoken, enters now upon its second volume.
The articles are very interesting and very varied, the
agriculture and commerce of British Guiana being
conveniently made to include geography, history,
philology, folk-lore, and, indeed, almost everything
likely to be of interest to the intelligent reader.
Speaking of the conditions under which the caout-
chouc-furnishing Ilevea Spruceana occurs naturally
Mr. Jenman says that it grows in extremely
wet soil, and that its cultivation might profitably be
undertaken in the colony. This may well be the case
when it is stated that Para rubber has a market value
of 4^. dd. per pound, and that the exports from Para
for the last half year reached the value of 12,350,000
dols. (about 1^2,572,916 13J. 40'.). The quantity of
milk produced by each tree is small. Another
rubber-producing tree is introduced to notice for the
first time by Mr. Jenman, and which yields elastic
balls used by the natives in their games. The Indians
make gashes in the bark, the milk oozes from the
cuts, and gradually coagulates in the form of long
strings, which are wound up like twine into balls.
The tree is supposed to be a species of Ficus. A
paper of Dr. Nichols on the Lime (Citrus limetta)
industry of Dominica recalls the fact that, like its
allies, the Orange and the Citron, the Lime was
originally a native of North-Eastern India (Ne-
paul, &c.), whence they have been introduced
into other countries. The Lime was introduced into
England in 1648, and at a still earlier date into the
West Indies, where it is now naturalised. The late Dr.
Imray developed the culture of the Lime in Dominica
for the purpose of manufacturing citric acid, the juice of
the fruit being exported to England and America in
large quantities. Dr. Nichols gives details as to the
mode of cultivation, which at present is very profit-
able, and "has done much to bring back prosperity
to an island which, when dependent on its sugar culti-
vation, was fast decaying in wealth and importance,"
GATHERING, RIPENING, AND
KEEPING FRUIT.
The extensive Apple show lately held in the Chis-
wick Gardens naturally directs the attention of the
public to the growth of this important fruit. The
following remarks, abstracted from a paper by Mr. J,
W. Clarke, of Wisconsin, America, may therefore
be considered seasonable, and of service to fiuit
growers : —
The SiiRiNKAfiE oi'- Fruit is considered first,
because it is a subject which has received but little
attention, and because it is important to modify the
damaging and unsightly effects of shrinkage in our
dinner-table fruit, if it be practicable. Some of the
causes, such as early frosts, will most probably never
be within our control. Too much shade may of itself
lead to some degree of shrinkage, but this must be
slight, except when the heads of the trees are so thick
with branches and leaves as to hinder a free and full
circulation of air. Such shade prevents the circulation
of juices in the growing fruit, which has much
influence on its future perfection. Heavy fruit trees
should be trained in forms sufficiently open to admit
constantly a free circulation of fresh air, especially
when growth is most rapid, as during close, still,
sultry conditions of the atmosphere. Early autumn
frosts are more severe in their effects, by arresting the
growth so as to leave the fruit undersized. A slight
freezing, destroying merely the edges of the leaves,
may pass without doing apparent mischief at the time,
but it will be found that shrinkage is an inevitable
consequence of the arrest of growth. The de-
struction of the leaves by any cause is particularly
felt by Apples. A thin or poor soil supplying nutri-
tion in too limited a quantity may cause a stunted
growth ; a fertile soil, therefore, becomes necessary
to supply all the ingredients for a full crop of fair-
sized fruit. As the farmer comprehends the futility
of trying to get large crops by too thick seeding, so
the gardener should be studiously careful to give his
fruit trees ample space. This principle is as appli-
cable to the fruit itself as to the trees upon which it is
grown. Professional fruit growers well understand
the necessity and advantage of thinning their fruits
when they set too thickly on the tree. It is only in
this way that the finest growth and highest value are
attained. The shallower the soil the smaller the
quantity of fruit must be left to mature. Shrinkage
appears to be the result of insufficient nutrition,
which prematurely checks or arrests the growth of
fruit ; that which is excluded from the light or direct
rays of the sun by the thick foliage of the trees will
generally be found to skrink the most.
Influences of Soil on the Keeping Quali-
ties OP Fruit. — The great object being to keep
fruit as long as possible, and at the least cost, it ia
worth while to inquire, not only how keeping qualities
may be retained and increased after the fruit is grown,
but into the known and probable conditions in which
these qualities originate, and how they are imparted
to the fruit during its growth. According to the
experience of producer and consumer, a clay loam or
strong soil, with a dry or porous subsoil, is the most
favourable to good quality in both the Pear and the
Apple. Fruit grown on stiff soils generally keeps
better than that pttfduced on light sandy soils, and
the trees on these latter class of soils, though they
may bear well, cannot as a rule mature a full crop of
fruit, being poorly supplied with roots, or, if they
possess plenty of roots, there is but little substance
or solidity in the soil able to furnish a durable supply
of nutriment, or from which the tree can derive that
support and firm conection characteristic of those
growing in the more stronger soils.
Growth as Distinguished from Ripening. —
Growth consists of increase of substance, either in
regard to size, or density, or both. The state of
maturity has been sometimes confounded with ripeness,
which latter is not a growing but a declining stage in
the existence of the fruit. The conditions of growing
and ripening conjoin to form an apex, or summit, as
it were, to which growth ascends, and where the
descending plane of ripening begins. The term ripe is
employed to indicate, not complete growth, or any
528
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 1883.
condition of it, but an advanced and mellow state —
an eatable condition.
Effects of Ripening Fsuit on the Tree. —
No colouring or other organic matters enter the fruit
after it is full grown. The only advantage possible
to be attained by leaving fruit on the tree after it
ceases' to grow, is the mellowing operation, so that it
may be more palatable. But fruit becomes mellow
more rapidly when put in boxes or drawers in the
house than when left on the tree. This fact furnishes
an illustration of the truth, that after fruit is ripe dis-
organisation is accelerated by a very slight increase of
heat. This result is at once explained by the fact that
the temperature about the fruit in the drawer is higher
than that surrounding it on the tree, and thus quickens its
ripening. If the fruit were placed in a lower tempera-
ture the ripening would be retarded. Experiments
made on this point show that heat is the chief cause of
ripening fruit. Heat breaks up the starch granules of
fruit left to ripen on the tree, and this process mellows
it both by evaporating portions of its water and by
weakening the adhesion of the grains of the fruit.
The Nature or Mellowing and Ripening. —
Decay commences in the same condition in which
growth ceases, but so slowly at first as to be almost
imperceptible. There is no state of absolute rest in
growth or decay, or between them. From the time
fruit attains its full size it is subject to incipient decay,
and this influence is identical with the causes leading
to a mellow or ripe condition ; it is indeed the earlier
part of the ripening process. The effect of baking
fruits, as illustrative of the influence of heat, consists
in their changing colour, and loosened condition of
texture ; their appearance in general being similar to
that of rotten fruit before it is broken. But for the
fact of certain desirable flavouring, and other elements
being retained in the baked fruit — probably because its
albumen has not had time to escape [?] — the process of
baking might be designated as quick rotting, from the
disorganising force of a sudden increase of temperature.
Apples, Pears, and some varieties of small fruit may
be kept fresh by the cooling influence of ice in ice-
houses. Experience has proved that equable and dry
conditions of the atmosphere are the best for keeping
fruit, and particularly staple fruit like Apples and
Pears. If cellars, fruit-rooms, and other places used
for keeping fruit could have the air in them main-
tained in a dry and cool state, either by natural or
artificial agencies, the probabilities of success would
be greatly increased.
Fruit Ripened on the Tree does not Keep
Well. — The practice of ripening fruit on the tree
may be correct as to fruit required for early market-
ing or for current use in the early part of the season,
but does not appear to be satisfactory for keeping it
in the finest condition for the longest period. A more
even temperature than that about the tree, or at least
one that is certainly no warmer, is necessary for this
purpose.
Sweating Impairs the Quality of Fruit. —
It is observed that sweating affects Apples more than
other fruits, probably because they are oftener kept in
bulk, and under more varying conditions. When
Apples are placed in thick layers of over 6 or S inches
depth a free circulation of air is much impeded, espe-
cially with fruit on the ground or on solid floors where
air has access only to the upper side of the heap.
The air becomes saturated with the escaping moisture
of the fruit, and, there being but little circulation
through the centre and lower part of the heap, the
moisture increases, and the acCti'mulation of heat is
sometimes so great as to lead to fermentation. In a
little while the combined result of evaporation and
fermentation is the rotting of the frUit. Nor is this
the only injurious consequence of sweating in the
heap, for there are most likely to be two processes of
fermentation proceeding at the same time. Aside
from that caused by the excess of humidity, which
makes it sometimes greasy to the touch, there is the
deteriorating action of the same influences breaking
up the structure of the fruit itself.
The Colouring of Fruit. — In Apples, especi-
ally the familiar red varieties, we find that some are
but little coloured ; these are always such as are the
most shaded while growing. In a number of varie-
ties one side is larger than the other ; the larger side
is that exposed to the sun, from more sap flowing to
that side. This difference is more apparent in some
sorts than in others. The same irregularity is observed
in Pears. The fullest or largest side of the fruit is
almost invariably that which is most warmed and
influenced by solar heat. Through the whole range
of orchard and garden fruits, the place to find the
largest, ripest, and sweetest specimens is where the
sun's heat has most influence. Colour, it is well
known, exerts an influence on the absorbing powers
of any substance as regards heat. Several dark colours
increase this power, and greater radiation follows as a
consequence. Fruit loses its colouring matter when
ripened on the tree, and when the rate of evaporation
is increased at the time the fruit is changing from
growing to ripening, or directly after the growth is
complete. Gathering early results in the retention of
nearly all the colouring matters, and the fruit after-
wards becomes much brighter and more highly
coloured.
Early Gathering Prolongs Keeping. — If
early gathering were more generally practised, many of
the conditions damaging to fruit would be prevented.
When the rate of growth is very slow, it is safer to
gather fruit a little before it has done growing, for the
reason that it is more difficult to check or arrest the
incipient decay characteristic of the first stages of
ripening or mellowing, than to retard or prevent its
commencement. Early gathering insures the best
results in keeping. Fitness for gathering is not
always clearly indicated by outward appearance ; but
fruit for keeping should never be allowed to hang on
the tree as long as it will. A test recommended by
experienced Pear growers, is when the stem parts
easily from the fruit spur. If this is true in regard to
the Pear, it ought to be of the Apple also. But there
Fig. 87.— natural crafting : oak and beech.
are many varieties which it would not be safe to trust
to such a trial, for some kinds will hang on long after
they are fit to gather. During the process of growth
the seed cavity serves as a reservoir for holding a
supply of juices, but when growth has nearly ceased,
the moisture disappears from this cavity, and it be-
comes empty and comparatively dry. This condition
affords two modes of judging of the degree of maturity
to which the fruit has attained. One is the slight
rustling sound the seed makes when shaken, and the
other is to open some of the fruit as soon as this
hollow state of the seed-cavity can be detected ; and if
the seed has changed to a pale brown colour, it may
be assumed that the fruit is fit to gather. It is not
safe to wait till the seeds are a dark brown. The
general condition of the leaves as to colour, and the
degree in which they adhere to the branches, also
afford means of estimating the state of maturity of the
fruit. Early gathered fruit can be so managed as to
have it much more fully coloured than if gathered late,
and the keeping properties, which are even more im-
portant are increased by the same management. The
nutritive qualities must always be of higher value than
mere appearance, though the latter greatly affect
prices in the market. Early gathering insures both
results in the greatest perfection.
Double Flowered Myrobalan Plum. — Messrs.
Baltet, of Troyes, offer a double-flowered variety of
this hardy shrub, and describe the flowers as numer-
ous, broad, sweet-scented, and of a pink colour, like
the flowers of a Hortensia. It flowers earlier than
Prunus triloba.
The Lime Tree of Prilly. — The village of
Prilly is but a short distance from Lausanne. It is
reached by a road, the use of which is shared by the
steam horse, the maned creature of the same name,
and the pedestrian biped. It might perhaps be
inferred that shying horses and infirm human beings
were elbowed out of existence by this arrangement,
and that only horses without nerves and adult human
beings with all their faculties unimpaired are capable
of surviving on this road. How far this inference is
correct I have no means of ascertaining. Suffice it
that I survived the journey, and arrived safely at
Prilly. The village itself is dull and in no wise
remarkable even for dulness. But a few yards off
the high road, in the centre of a village green, stands
a magnificent Lime tree, magnificent in size and
symmetry, with bole still sound — externally, at least,
and with its umbrageous oblong head as symmetrical
and perfect in outline as if storms or other accidents
never occurred. The leaves are large for a European
Lime, and densely pubescent on the under surface,
the shoots coral-red. The bole is short, that is, it
breaks up into branches just above the head of the
spectator standing close by. In default of a measuring
tape I had recourse to a cambric handerchief where-
with to measure it, and sticking in a pin at breast
height from the ground, where the bole was tolerably
uniform in outline, I ascertained that 11 J lengths of
pocket-handkerchief were required to girdle the tree
from the starting point — the pin — back to it again.
Subsequent measurements gave almost exactly 22 feet
as the girth of the tree at this point. As to the height
no pocket-handkerchief measure would suffice. I
cannot even guess it, and I could find no one to tell
me. It far exceeded some respectable Elms not far
off. Perhaps some Swiss correspondent could kindly
furnish exact details concerning what is certainly a
most remarkable tree. Rambler.
The Big Poplar at Dijon. — In the Botanic
Garden of this cheerful and most interesting city
stands a gigantic Poplar — Populus nigra. It is evi-
dently of great age, and there is, it is said, documen-
tary evidence in ancient records showing that it is not
less than 500 years old. It has a height of 40 metres,
= 131 feet. At 2 metres above the soil the trunk
girths 8 metres, = 26 feet 3 inches, and at the base,
close to the ground, 12 metres, = 39 feet 3 inches.
It is a grand tree, and now that it is properly cared
for and tended by M. Weber, its chances of living a
few more centuries are by no means bad.
Natural Grafting. — Close by the side of the
Brighton Road, on the near side going from London,
and a mile or two from Crawley, is a very remarkable
instance of this. A seedling Oak and a seedling
Beech as it would seem, must have grown up side by
side, and become fast adherent one to the other ; at
any rate, at present, the two trees are in insepar-
able juxtaposition at the base for a height of perhaps
4 feet, so that the general outline is like Y, the stem
of the letter formed by the two trunks in juxtaposition
(see fig. 87), and measuring, at a rough approximation,
10 yards in girth at the base, the one branch of the
fork consisting of the trunk of the Beech, the other
of that of the Oak. The Oak and the Beech are so
closely related that this union of the two is in itself
not remarkable.
MIRAMAR.
Only rarely does Mother Nature present us with
so much that is charming and at the same time
interesting as is to be found in the magnificent park
and castle of Miramar. The beautiful castle was built
by command of his Highness the Archduke Ferdinand
Max, in the year 1856, from plans furnished by the
architect Junker. It is in the Norman style, of lime-
stone, and stands on a jutting promontory overlooking
the sea, producing quite a powerfiil effect on the
spectator.
In the west the neighbouring town of Trieste is
seen in all its magnificence, with its busy harbour ;
to the south the bright blue Adriatic Sea, dotted
over with numerous ships, and whose waves roll in to
the very foot of the castle walls ; in the east is seen
the old castle of Duino, and on the distant horizon the
snow-capped peaks of the Julie Alps, dimly disclosed
through the mist that envelopes them ; in the north
and north-east the Karst Mountains, whose desolate
districts descend from Nabresina towards the south
very rapidly j the fresh green of the hills and vineyards,
at the foot of which is the beautiful park, laid out
by the former garden director, Jelineck, and which
October 27, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
529
forms, as it were, the frame to the picture, of which
the castle is the central figure.
The road from the entrance lodge leads direct to
the castle, bordered on either hand with specimens of
Quercus Ilex, Viburnum Tinus, and Phiilyrea media ;
and it will be readily understood that those portions
of the magnificent building in which are collected the
art treasures brought together by the Archduke Fer-
dinand Max, and, later, by the unfortunate Emperor
of Mexico, Maximilian, excel all the other portions in
beauty.
A broad expanse of gravel stretches in front of
the castle, and an enormous circular grass plot. To the
right, through an arcade covered with Hedera capi-
tata. Glycine sinensis, and Tea Rose Safrano, which
aHbrds a most agreeable shade, w? strive at ^ inost
Araucaria imbricata is met with occasiocally, growing
most luxuriantly.
By a staircase of forty steps, covered with such
creepers as Bignonia radicans, Incarvillea grandiflora,
and Clematis, a plateau is reached, somewhat apart
from the rest of the grounds, in which are the houses
containing the tropical plants, which are under the
care of the Court gardener, NcmC-cek, who has brought
them to a wonderful state of health and luxuriance.
Space forbids our giving the names of the plants
grown in these houses. In consequence of the
extreme warmth of the climate here, and the want of
sufficient water on the steep slope where the Roses
are planted, the results are unsatisfactory, and for
similar reasons the gardens are much planted
witt) tr^es for §t)ade^ the clumps and masses of which
bictonensis, Cotoneasters of sorts, Erica arborea, 9 feet
high, forming quite large bushes, and in places where
but little else will grow, Ficuscarica succeeding admir-
ably. Ilex balearica, I, maderensis, I, latifolia, I.
opaca, Lagerstromiaindica, with its ornamental carna-
tion-red flowers, Ligustrum japonicum, L. ovalifolium,
Viburnum Tinus, Mahonia pra;cox, M. Bealii, M.
Aquilolia, Melia excelsa, Mespilus japonica, Myrsine
africana, Myrtus communis, Nerium Oleander, in
variety of kinds, Osmanthus ilicifolius, Paulownia
imperialis, Phillyrea angustifolia, P, media, Pistaoia
vera with fruits, Pittosporum Tobira, Poinciana
Gillesii, Prunus in sorts, Punica granatum, Quercus
Ilex, Rhamnus alaternus, Sterculia platanoides, Ulex
europ^a, and Viburnum odoratissimum. On the
inargins, and as a carpet in many places, Ruscus
^lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllB^
iilllllililililliilllllillllllllllillllillllilliillllillllllllllllllllllllliililllilllilillliliilillliillllllilllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^
Fig, 88, — the castle of miramar, near Trieste,
charming view-point over the sea. From this spot the
walk leads into a flower garden composed of three
terraces, in which the greatest harmony and great
taste in the arrangements are displayed. Here are
copies of the celebrated statues, the De Medici Venus,
the Venus of Milo, and the " Youth Saluting,"
besides many marble vases. Like mighty columns
Cupressus pyramidalis raise their heads to a height of
30 to 36 feet, vigorous specimens of Chamaerops
excelsa and C. palmetto are planted about, together
with Aralia Sieboldi and Yucca filamentosa planted
on the turf. Pelargonium beds and Ivy-bordered
parterres lend an almost tropical character to the
picture. The side groups are composed chiefly
of Olea europsea, Punica granatum, Pittosporum
Tobira, Viburnum Tinus, and Sweet Bay, behind
which are some of the more elegant Coniferous
plants, among which may be mentioned Cryptomeria
elegans. Sequoia sempervirens, Tsuga canadensis.
are planted at moderate distances from the walks.
The various grottos to be found in the park, although
exceedingly varied in construction, are too artificial
to be agreeable to the eye.
In crossing the park, some surprising effects are to
be found. Here is a statue of the Emperor Leopold
vaulted over with Laurel ; there is a terrace over-
grown with Ficus stipulata, whose large foliage make
the observer doubt the correctness of the name ; here,
in an artificial lake, swim artificial ducks, over which
hangs a precipice ornamentally planted with Agave
americana. The trees with which the park is planted
consist chiefly of Pinus halepensis, Cuprestus pyra-
midalis, Laurus nobilis, Olea europaea. During a
longer visit, and by more diligent observation in all
parts of it, we were enabled to note Acacia Julibrissin,
formingeleganttrees, ArbutusUnedo, Aucuba japonica,
Berberis Darwinii, Ceanothus azureus, C. intermedia,
and Celastrus scandens, growing on trees, Colletia
Hypoglossum, R. aculeatus, Rosmarinus officinalii
and Farfugium grande may be mentioned. Of Yuccas
growing here are Y. gloriosa, Y. aloifolia, Y, flaccida,
Y. filamentosa, and Y. recurva.
Coniferous trees are represented by the common
Spruce, which, probably on account of the heat, does
not grow so well as in more northerly regions ; Abies
cephalonica. A, Nordmanniana, Cedrus Deodara, C.
Libani, C. atlantica, Cephalotaxus Fortunei, Cupressus
Lawsoniana, C. Nootkaensis, Cryptomeria japonica, C.
elegans, C. Goveniana, C. Lambertiana. The Ameri-
can Red Cedar, Juniperus virginiana, grows, but is
less beautiful than in the North. With Pinus excelsa,
insignis, and Halepensis, we conclude the list of those
mostly grown here. Of other Pines less frequently
met with may be mentioned P. oocarpa, orientalis,
Finea, Pinaster, Pinsapo, Sabiniana, Strobus, as aie
also the Japanese Retinosporas, Salisburia adianti- -
folia. Sequoia sempervirens. The species of Taxuf, '
S30
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 1883.
Thuiopsis dolabrata, Thuia filiformis, and Sequoia
gigantea, grow lo great beauty.
When it is considered that the plants of northern
climes, like Pinus Laricio, Prunus Mahaleb, the
Camellia, Pontic and Indian Azaleas, Rhododendron
arboreum, Chamarops humilis, with its colleague
from China, C. chinensis, and C. palmetto from
North America, grow in proximity with Quercus pe-
dunculata, we see a picture the rich variety of which
can scarcely be excelled, and can therefore believe the
motto at the entrance to be quite correct, that no
more beautiful place exists than Miramar. J. Jedlkka.
Vienna,
Paxton's Flower Garden. (Cassell & Co.)
We have now to announce the completion of the
second volume of this publication, as revised by Mr.
Baines. It forms a handsome volume full of valuable
information, but we regret to find that little or
nothing has been done to obviate the objections we
raised when the first volume was published. There is
nothing but internal evidence, which is not always
forthcoming, to indicate the interpolations, and hence
Lindley and Paxton are made to say things upon
which it is hardly possible they could have had any
opinion. First-class Certificates "at South Kensing-
ton " and " Horticultural Companies," to take only a
single illustration, were not in existence when the first
edition was published. The numbering of the plates is
most confusing to those who have to refer to Pritzel
or other list of botanical plates, for the numbers in the
new edition by no means correspond lo those of the
old. This might have been obviated by attaching a
double series of numbers where necessary, as is done
,in Boswell's edition o( English Botany, where each
plate beats a double number, viz., that of the original
edition and that ol the re-issue. Under the heaiiing
of Eucalyptus coccifera we find it stated that this
tree " may be expected to prove one of the
hardiest of the Van Diemen's Island trees ;" this
was written in 185 1, since which time Van Diemen's
naiine has been replaced by that of Tasman and
Eucalyptus coccifera ha.s at least at one place in
this country formed a lofty tree. Philadelphus
Satsumi of Siebold is said to belong to the " order of
Syiingas." We have not the original edition at hand
to refer to, but we do not believe that Paxton wrote or
Lindley sanctioned such a blunder, at any rate it is
one that should not be perpetuated. We allude to
these matters to illustrate the difficulty the Editor has
had to adapt an old book to modern requirements.
Wherever the Editor has had free play and has not
been in any way trammelled by his predecessor's work
the new edition compares favourably with the old,
while the general " get up " leaves nothing to be
des|red.
*
Miishrooms for the Million. {171, Fleet Street.)
An admirable treatise on the cultivation of the
Mushroom out-of-doors, by Mr. J. Wright, of the
Journal of Horticulture. The author is evidently
well acquainted with the subject on which he writes,
both in its cultural and its commercial aspects. The
rationale of the methods advocated is lucidly stated,
and exhaustive instructions are given to intending
growers of this useful fungus. Above all, it is a
work which should be in the hands of every gardener,
whether he haveaMushroom-houseornot. Inregard to
the manure for making the beds, the author observes
that "This must consist mainly, and it may consist
entirely, of the manure from horse-stables. Other
matiter can be added without injury to the beds, and
occasionally an admixture of Oak and Beech leave?, a
slight sprinkling of tan, and even of salt and guano,
have been found advantageous by some cultivators,
but the three last ingredients must be used in a very
homoeopathic manner. Such tree leaves as those
mentioned may, if needed, be used for one-third of
the bulk when manure is scarce ; indeed, excellent
Mushrooms have been grown in beds half composed
of Oak leaves, which, with manure, produce a steady
and lasting heat, as the fibre they contain causes them
to decay slowly." In the important matter of pre-
paring the manure for the beds, the author departs
in various particulars from the system adopted by
general practitioners. He says :— " Bearing in mind
that the manure must be procured from those stables
where the horses are fed chiefly or entirely with hard
food, let it be prepared as follows, the object being
the formation of beds either in the open air or in
houses :— Let the manure be gathered precisely as
the grooms remove it from the stalls. By far the greater
bulk of it will be straw, more or less stained ; still,
exclude none of this straw, for any portion of it that
may not be wanted for fermentation will serve a very
important purpose. On the arrival of the stable refuse
at the preparing ground let it be forked over, casting
aside the long and comparatively clean straw only,
such as in itself will generate but little heat if placed
in a moderate-sized heap. The remainder, which may
consist of one half straw and one half droppings to
two-thirds of the former and one-third of the latter, to
be mixed and formed into a heap, as if building a hot-
bed for a frame." Again, " For the best conditions,
from four to six turnings on alternate days are neces-
sary. By this practice the mass is sweetened and
the straw broken and partially decayed with the least
possible loss of ammonia."
The author gives directions as to site for the
beds, their size, formation, and full particulars as to
the condition of materials and spawning. With this
we take leave of a very useful manual.
CATTLEYAS AND L^LIAS.
A GLANCE at the illustration (fig. 89, p. 533) will
serve to demonstrate the chief botanical difference
ascribed to Cattleyas and Lselias, the four (two pairs of)
developed pollen masses over the figure of Cattleya
Mossise, and the eight over that of Li^lia purpurata
holding good in most cases, no matter what the habit or
appearance of the plants may be. Close inspection,
however, proves that the distinction is not so well de-
fined as it might be, as the Cattleya, which present only
four pollen masses to the view of the casual observer,
has also the four lower ones in a rudimentary state.
Nevertheless the test is a simple one, and one which
I suppose will always hold good. That the species
are near enough for cross-fertilisation, however, is
settled by the production of several varieties between
them in gardens in this country. Importations also
bring us now and then odd forms, strongly suggestive
of both species combined ; and the extraordinary
number of forms grown under the name of Lselia
elegans can only, I should say, be the result of such
mixed parentage.
When with Mr. Warner in 1861 my attention was
first called to this subject by the flowering of probably
the first good batch of varieties of L. elegans ever
seen. I was struck by the great dissimilarity in the
appearance of the flowers of the different specimens,
some of them having comparatively small waxy-
petaled flowers, and others having broad thin petals
(the variety we named gigantea seeming to be close on
L. purpurata), some of them having white or blush
petals, and others being of a brownish-rosy hue, simi-
lar to that seen in some of the forms of the variety
called Turneri. Knowing the plants which grew
mixed together in the native home ol L. elegans, I
had no difficulty in tracing the parentage of the beauti-
ful but diverse collection before me to the natural
intercrossing of Lxlia purpurata and Cattleya inter-
media, and of L. purpurata and C. guttata — to my own
satisfaction at least. I next sought the test of the
pollen masses, and I found that in most cases they
had but the four developed as in Cattleya, and while
in many of them I found varying stages of develop-
ment in the four lower pollen masses, in no instance
did 1 find the eight perfect as in L. purpurata. Since
that time I have rarely lost a chance of examining the
pollen masses of L. elegans, and my first impressions
have always been verified.
Whenever I find an Orchid of a very variable
character, I like to work out the cause of it, for a cause
must certainly exist ; I think, therefore, my explana-
tion of the L. elegans matter may be the correct one,
and it would be interesting to hear if others agree
with me or not. The plants, as well as the flowers of
L. elegans exhibit the traces of mixed parentage, the
small-Howered varieties of Schilletiaoa having just the
appearance of strong C. intermedia ; the lovely L.
gigantea, and equally beautiful L. Wolstenholmios,
present all the features of L. purpurata, while L.
elegans Turneri not only has distinct traces of C.
guttata in its pseudobulbs, but it also has the
peculiarly formed corrugate lip of that Cattleya,
modified it is true. Still nearer connecting these
plants with Cattleya is the true old Cattleya amabilis,
which I have little doubt came Vvilh the L. elegans.
But all that can be said about the changeability of
L. elegans, and its position botanically as a species,
does not urge anything against it to the Orchid
grower, but, on the contrary, offers him a ready
excuse for purchasing a score or two of those before
unheard of masses, which seem now to be forth-.
coming, seeing that he can hardly get two alike in
every respect, and that while some of the varieties are
gorgeous, the poorest of them, from their free flower-
ing habit, are well worth retaining. If the liberality
of purchasers sharpens the wit of importers, the
enterprise of the collectors seems to give success to
the cultivators, for until the last few years, when
fine importations of good masses of these plants were
got over, making it worth while to devote whole
houses to them, the Cattleyas and Lrelias were at
their lowest ebb. Every year now they seem to be
better understood, and those who before found
them difficult to grow, now find them very easy to
manage, free ventilation ensuring pure air in the
house, a clear light secured with the intervention of a
very thin shading, or none at all in summer, a strictly
temperate atmosphere in which the smell of the hot-
water pipes is never perceptible, and the use of rain-
water for watering, being the main conditions to be
observed to ensure success. The using of rain-water
only is an important matter in the culture of all
Orchids ; it is best in all parts of the country, but
in some districts a grower who used it would gain in-
calculably over one who used water from any other
source.
Cattleyas and Loelias grow well together in the
same house, but from their wide geographical distri-
bution in their native habitats, and from the fact that
some are small and some large growing, they require
care in their management, so that each should get the
situation it requires. The large growing kinds do
well on the stages, but the smaller ones are better
suspended, and the dwarfer they are the nearer the
glass should they be brought, as such small growers
as L^lia pumila and its varieties soon perish if kept
far from the glass in any but a perfect house, while
they will thrive in almost any house if suspended near
the glass, yames O'Brien,
in\d
otfs and ili^anluDs.
PHALyfiNOPSis cORNu-CERVi. — The flowers of this
fine Orchid are by means no comparable with those of
such grand sorts as P. Schilleriana and P. amabilis
either for size or effect, nor would it gain by contrast,
but blooming as it does throughout the late summer
and autumn months its presence in the Orchid-house
is welcome and enjoyable when the others are either
resting or making their young growth. The flowers
are something in the way of those of P. Ludde-
manniana, but smaller, and beautifully marbled with
a mixture of purple, brown, and yellow, with the lip
of a creamy-white, slightly tinged with purple. As
they differ somewhat in construction, they are rele-
gated by some authors to another genus, called Poly-
chilus cornu-cervi. The specific name calls attention
to the curious manner in which the peduncle is flattened
and dilated where the flowers are given off, so as to
bear some resemblance to the antlered head of a stag.
It has been flowering for some months back in the
warm division of the Orchid-house at Kew.
Vanda Sanderiana. — Admirers of Vanda San-
deriana may be glad to learn that, in addition to its
great beauty, it possesses the inestimable property of
bearing its splendid flowers in full strength and
stability for several weeks, the rich colour increasing
in depth and brilliancy with its advancing age. fK L,
Phaijenopsis violacea. — An example of this
beautiful species is now in bloom in the East India
house at Gunnersbury Park. The flowers are singu-
larly handsome, having a rich violet lip and sides,
and they last a long time in bloom. If this species
put forth a long branching flower-stem like P. Schil-
leriana, what an object of great beauty it would be !
but only three or four flowers, at most, appear to be
produced at one tiwe.
Dendrobium carinikerum var. Wattii (Bol.
Mag., t. 6715). — Flowers 2 inches across, sepals and
petals white, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute ; lip
convolute at the base, anteriorly Ihree-Iobed, central
lobe |longest, with a yellow band in the middle. —
Burma. Dr. Watt. Kew.
Vanda Lowi. — A most wonderful specimen of this
fine Vanda is now to be seen in the collection of Baron
Hruby at Peckau, in Austria. This plant is unique
in its size and splendour. A young plant of the species
was given to the Baron's father by the late Mr. Kramer,
of Hamburg, some twenty years ago, and about five
years since Mr. Kramer received in return a plant
from Baron Hruby taken from the plant now at
Peckau. The stately and magnificent specimen in
the Baron's collection is in robust health, a large
quantity of thick roots spring in all directions from
the plant and fall around it, reminding one of the thin
branches of the drooping Ash in winter. The centre
stem is furnished with eight branches, two of these
again have a side shoot, and from the base of the
October 27, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
531
plant grow eleven young ones, hence this marvellous
specimen consists of twenty-one plants and breaks, all
coming, of course, from the one specimen. There are
twenty-two flower-spikes at the present moment on
the plant, and the variety being one of the finest
bright marked ones, and the blotches dark and shiny,
the sight produced is really extraordinary, and so
much is it appreciated that horticultural societies from
far and near in Austria made arrangements to view it.
The collection at Peckau is under the able manage-
ment of Mr. Skopec, and is a very extensive one. In
culture the plants stand second to none on the Con-
tinent ; for years past the finest species and varieties
have been collected. The present Baron follows in the
footsteps of his father, who was an ardent admirer
and grower of Orchids, and his efforts to bring their
culture to perfection have been crowned with great
success, /■', Sander.
At last the Peas are over, therefore let the haulm be
cleared off the ground, and in localities where sticks
are dear they may be bundled up and stacked away in
some sheltered corner, or, better still, under cover ;
they will last for another year. Any one wishing to
try the experiment of wintering Scarlet Runner roots
may take them up and store them in dry earth or sand
away from frost, these planted next April will yield a
crop sooner than plants raised from seed. The
Globe Artichokes are now done, cut away the stems,
and place a coating of long littery dung around
the plants so as to be prepared against frost.
The stems of Asparagus have now become yel-
low, and must be cut off close to the ground, saving
any which have heavy crops of berries for seed ;
then give the beds and alleys a coating of 3 inches
of rotten manure, but otherwise leave the beds un-
disturbed. Plant Potato Onions, Garlic, and Shalots
in light soil or on a south border, taking care not to
bury the bulbs— simply give them hold of the soil.
The Autumn Giant Cauliflower ought now to be in
full use, so daily go over the plantation and break a
few of the leaves over to protect the flower ; and should
severe weather set in a handful of hay or Fern
will be more effectual and the forwardest may
be taken up carefully and laid in quite thick
in some cosy corner for better protection.
Celery must now have the final earthing-up, taking
care that the soil is not allowed to get into the hearts
in the operation ; make a note of the kinds which are
most free from maggot, which is sadly prevalent this
year. Continue to tie up Endive, and should severe
weather be anticipated, a good quantity should be
taken carefully up with a ball, and he planted thickly
in a frame or pit ; and keep up an abundant supply of
Mustard and Cress, sowing at least weekly. In_dry
weather pass the hoe through the early Cabbage?,
and on some mild morning give the main plantations
a good dressing with Hme ; this, if done just after
daylight, will kill thousands of slugs. If the Spinach
beds become weedy they had better be picked over
with the hand, as hoeing breaks the leaves, and
smears them with wet soil. In localities where the
soil is light, the spring work will be forwarded by
planting the early Potatos on south borders now.
Give a dressing of rotten manure, and in digging
the ground over, plant the Potatos iS inches apart
between the rows, and 6 inches deep, planting as the
*3'gg'ng progresses, thus avoiding treading on the
ground, but it is most important to success to see that
the sets are whole, sound, and medium-sized. If
the locality is wet, or the soil stiff, on no account
attempt planting till the spring. Leave the autumn-
sown Onions in the seed bed, they will stand the
winter and transplant more successfully next March.
When the ground is wet avoid getting on to it, but turn
over manure heaps to get it ready, collect tree leaves
for hot beds, and dig gravel for the walks ; collect
ashes, sand, leaf-mould, and road scrapings, or any-
thing which will tend to lighten stiff soil, and the
reverse if it is light land. See that the seed Potatos
are well cared for, the early kinds we lay out singly
on a broad shelf in the root-room, but of these we
. shall speak more fully in our next, % Ritst^ EriJi^e
CasilCi Sussex.
itucumbers.
As a result of the favourable weather which has
prevailed since the seedlings were planted in the third
week in August last, they will have during the interval
made a short-jointed and firm growth, which, as such
growth is sure to do, will show a free disposition to
fruit, but only sufficient fruit in various stages of
development should be left on the plants as will
supply the demand for them. A growing temperature
of from 70° to 75° by day with fire, running up 5° or
10" vtiih sun, 65° to 70° at night, and a bottom-heat
of from 75° to So", will now be necessary. Air from
this time must be admitted cautiously, not to lower,
but to prevent the temperature of the house from get-
ting too high. Liberal applications of weak liquid-
manure, of the same temperature as the soil in which
they are growing, should be given to the roots when
they require it, bearing in mind that a super-
abundance at one time cannot compensate for a
deficiency at another. Let the application of atmo-
spheric moisture be in accordance with the tempera-
ture and state of the house generally, avoiding in any
case either an arid or an over-humid atmosphere,
otherwise red-spider or mildew will attack the plants,
hence the desirability of adopting the happy
medium. Avoid overcrowding the shoots by timely
thinning and stopping the latter. The appearance of
mildew and canker on plants growing in dung frames
may be looked upon as the natural consequence of
the conditions and circumstances under which they
are grown ; therefore the presence of these diseases
should not only be looked for, but their spreading be
checked by the timely use of preventives. An occa-
sional dusting of the leaves with the flowers of
sulphur will check the attacks of mildew, whilst a
dusting of quicklime and new dry soot around the
collars of the plants will save them from canker ;
and, in case of its having previously attacked them,
arrest its further progress. If, IV, IVarJ, Longford
Castle Gardens^ Oct, 22,
Peaches an6 Kectarines.
The early house, usually started about the middle
or end of November, will soon require the annual
cleansing and dressing, &c., generally given previous
to starting ; and if the sashes have been removed for
the good of the trees, and for painting and cleaning,
they may now be put on again at any time, for, with
the recent heavy rains we have had, the borders have
been thoroughly soaked — or they may be lelt off a
little longer to give the trees the benefit of a sharp
frost or two, by syringing them well all over on a
frosty night, so as to get them coated with ice. This
will assist in loosening and removing any brown scale
they may be infested with. Any trees that are so
infested must be thoroughly cleaned and well washed
with a solution of Gishurst Compound, S to lo oz.
to a gallon of soft v/ater. If the trees are free from
scale it may be used a little weaker — about 6 oz. lo
the gallon. Have the walls thoroughly well white-
washed with lime-wash, and the trellis cleaned and
painted if required. Trees in succession-houses are
now pretty well ripened, but in late houses the leaves
are quite green, and a little fire-heat may still be used
to assist in ripening the wood. 7. Wallis, Kccle
Gardens,
jjlanta and i\\t\\ £uUut[u.
BouvARDiAs Planted-out in Pits for Cut
Bloom. — We have practised this method of culture
with the Bouvardias for three seasons past, and have
every reason to be well satisfied with the results each
year. The pit in which we grow them is heated by
a flow and return 2-inch pipe, supplemented by dung
linings if necessary in cold weather. We devote three
lights to their culture, and it is surprising what a large
quantity of bloom we cut from the plants thus treated.
They are with us far more floriferous also than when
grown in pots, each lateral growth pushes forth
quickly corymbs of bloom, giving a good succession
from the end of September onwards through the dull
months of winter. We like to get them planted-out
in the pit as early in September as possible, using
some nice mellow loam and manure from a spent
Mushroom bed. If the loam should be at all heavy
or retentive, some peat ought to be added, or leaf-soil
of good quality in lieu thereof; a great depth of soil
is not essential, but rather to be avoided. The
bottom of our pit is covered with flagstones, space
being allowed between each stone for drainage ; a
few inches of soil under the ball of each plant
are quite sufficient, with about an inch in depth
over the same when planted. We plant them about
as thickly as ordinary bedding plants are put out,
giving a good watering afterwards to settle the soil
around the roots, syringing them overhead and shut-
ing up the pit early for a few days till fresh root-action
cumnicnces ; afterwaids, they are gradually hardened
off a bit, by leaving the lights off in the day-
time, till we require to press them on for
blooming. We always like to ventilate freely
except in very cold weather, keeping the tem-
perature ranging from about 55' as the minimum to
65" and 70" as the maximum. Up to the present
time, though now in full flower, they are slightly
damped overhead on bright days, and a chink of air
left on all night or taken off the last thing according
to the weather. We rely on this pit to supply us till
about the New Year or a little later, then it is wanted
for forcing purposes, followed by a crop or two of
Melons, and then is in readiness for the Bouvardias
again. When they are past their best we lift them
and pnt all the healthiest plants, spurring them back,
as with Fuchsias. When potted they are placed in a
somewhat warmer temperature to cause them to break
into growth for the requisite supply of cuttings to keep
up the stock ; after this the old plants are gradually
hardened off till it is safe to place them out-of-doors,
the young ones being kept growing on a bit briskly.
Early in June they may all be turned out in a shel-
tered position in the open air, and either kept for the
next three months in pots or planted in the open
border. We have tried both ways, and found them
succeed well ; but we are rather inclined to lean
towards pot culture till planting time in the pit comes
round again, unless a favourable situation for planting
out can be accorded them. The varieties we grow
are B. Hogarth and B. Dazzler, both good scarlets,
B. Vreelandi and B. Alfred Neuner are the best
whites, the latter kind is coming in good now. B,
Ilumboldti corymbiflora is also grown, but not in
quantity ; the perfume is not appreciated It much
used. B. umbellata oarnea is'also a useful free. bloom,
ing kind, closely resembling B. jasminoides except in
colour.
Chrysanthemums. — We have just finished group,
ing our collection in the conservatory ; the weather
having been so favourable for them we have not this
autumn brought them under cover so soon as usual,
but fearing injury from frost, the earliest blooms being
fast expanding, we did not think it prudent to risk
them outside any later. Liquid manure will now be
discontinued, but a few doses of an artificial stimulant
will be used instead, to aid the later kinds. Abun-
dant ventilation should be given on all favourable
occasions, and close attention paid to keeping all
indications of damp in abeyance. Excessive crowd-
ing ought to be avoided, in order to retain the foliage
in as healthy a condition as possible, and should any
signs of mildew be apparent, a very slight sprinkling
with sulphur should be resorted to. We find standards,
each lightly tied to one stake, to be the least trouble.
Formal training, unless for exhibition purposes, is
quite superfluous, in our opinion. Where the plants
are arranged somewhat thickly together, we would
advise cuttings to be taken as soon. as possible, before
the growths become tender by the want of light and air.
Camellias. —Our stock of these in pots is still in
the open, but must be got under cover in a few days.
None of these have been potted this autumn, we do
not therefore fear any injury to them, and being for-
ward in bud they will come into bloom soon after the
Chrysanthemums are over. The first opportunity
should be taken to sponge the entire collection if the
foliage is at all dirty, as it will greatly improve their
appearance when in bloom. Give close attention to
the watering, and on no account allow them to suffer
at the root for the want of a sufficient quantity. If
the plants are tightly pot-bound slight stimulants
might be given. A weak solution of soot-water is a
safe manure for the Camellia. When the plants are
placed in a dry house after having been in the open
they should be sprinkled overhead on all fine days, a
dry atmosphere having a tendency to cause the buds
to drop largely if there is the slightest disposition that
way.
The Roman Hy.acinths and early Narcissus that
were potted up in good time, as previously advised,
will now be growing apace, and may be had in bloom
shortly if desired. We do not hasten ours, for having
sufficient of other things in flower and advancing, we
let them come on gently in a cold frame for the pre-
sent. Pelargoniums of the zonal section that have
been treated for flowering from this time onwards
through the winter should have a dry, airy house or
pit, where they will have the benefit of fire-heat to
aid Ihem in developing their flower trusses. The
house that would do for these would also be suitable
forthe winter-blooming Tree Carnations. The hardiest
even of greenhouse plants should now be under cover,
and as considerable demand is mostly put upon the
available space at command, it is necessary to scheme
somewhat to suit the requirements of the various
plants. We find hanging shelves in our houses to be
most useful for small plants that are liable to become
drawn if kept too far from the glass ; these are made
so as to be removable at pleasure from one house to
another. James Hudson, Gimnersb^iry House Gardens,
Alton, IV,
532
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 1S83.
WBDNESDAYi Oct. 31
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Monday, Oct. M T ^^'*=* °^ Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens', and
* I Protheroe & Morris' Kooms.
r Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,
at Stevens' Rooms.
'T....^... f. . ^3'= ^^ Flowering Orchids, at Protheroe
TUESDAY, Oct. 30 . & Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Nursery Stock, at the Jeffrey's
Wood Nursery, Coventry, by Protheroe
& Morris.
Sales of Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens', and
Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Nursery Stock, at Eve's Nursery,
. Gravescnd (two days).
' Linnean Society meets at 8 p.m.
Sale ot Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms.
. Sate of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
I Rooms.
Sale of Nursery Stock, at Feed's Nursery,
Streatham, by Protheroe & Morris {two
I- days).
' Great Apple Show opens, in Town Hall,
Manchester (seven days).
! ■ Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
■ Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
Kooms.
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris*
Rooms
Sale of Plants, &c., at Billing's Nursery,
LaForest Gate, by Protheroe fit Morris.
Thursoav, Nov.
Friday,
1^
Saturday, Nov. 3 ■
WE are frequently asked by intending
planters on a soil or subsoil of a chalky
character as to the kinds of trees and shrubs
which are most likely to succeed in such situa-
tions. The inferences to be drawn from the
native locality of particular trees are at least
but of an uncertain character, for it is perfectly
well known that in Nature trees grow where
they can rather than where they would, and
many circumstances come into play to produce
a particular effect which do not apply to plants
grown under artificial conditions. The only
safe guide, then, is that furnished by practical
experience, and we cannot be too thankful to
such men as Mr. Parker Hamond and others,
who are making such experiments on an exten-
sive scale, or to Mr. Salter, whose valuable
papers on this subject in our columns, i875,vol.iv.,
have served as a basis for reference on numerous
occasions. With a view of eliciting further
information on this subject we proceed now to
give a few notes of observation on the Planting
carried out in the district of the Chiltern
Hills, with special reference to the Conifers
which are found to succeed in those " Hun-
dreds," of which more is said than known.
The undulating plateau on the top of this
range of hills is covered with a heavy loam
approaching usually to the nature of clay, largely
interspersed with flints of a large size. The hill-
sides, where the ends of the chalk strata are
exposed, are also of loam, but largely admixed
with chalk debris and flints. On uncultivated
parts the Beech tree prevails, associated with
the common Juniperus, which here grows to 7 or
8 feet in height. Thorns and Holly are also
indigenous ; but where Conifers have been
planted even those reputed to be somewhat
tender grow into handsome specimens. Larch
grows quickly, and makes very fine timber when
timely thinned. On the upland loams of 1 to
4 feet in depth the Abies of the Picea section
grow well, such as Pinsapo, cephalonica, grandis,
nobilis, lasiocarpa, Nordmanniana, the latter
making a handsome tree. Picea cephalonica, so
difficult to grow satisfactorily in warm localities
in consequence of its making its growth so early
as to be cut off by late frosts, forms on these
cold hills much later growth, and so escapes the
usual disfigurement of losing its young shoots.
In the valleys in this district it is preferable to
plant P. Pinsapo instead for the purpose of
securing the almost identical effect in the land-
scape that the former gives.
Of Pinuses the best is certainly P. austriaca,
for it will grow and form a stout close growth
with but the thinnest crust of soil, and will root
freely into the chalk itself ; it is, therefore,
admirably adapted for the more chalky slopes.
P. sylvestris does equally well in its way, but is
less effective as a tree in the landscape, either
massed or otherwise. Other Pines grow well,
such as Sabiniana, Pinaster, Montezumae, Jeffreyi
— the last two better in the warmer bottom
lands, but still they do not dislike the chalk.
But the Pine which forms the handsomest
specimens, and which is evidently quite at home
on this formation, is P. Cembra — and one which
may safely be recommended for planting for
effect in this or similar districts. Picea excelsa
will also make a handsome tree, and grows
quickly in the loam, but less so in that that is
much incorporated with the chalk.
TheThuias, such as gigantea ; Cupressus Law-
soniana, macrocarpa, funebris ; Thuiopsis dola-
brata, and its varieties, all make beautiful growth
— sturdy, compact, and of a good colour. Thuia
borealis is one of the best and hardiest of the
genus, making handsome and picturesque plants,
and succeeding in the bleakest spots, if planted
sufficiently close together at first. These
Thuias seem to require but a very moderate
depth of earth, into which they can send their
roots, and when the limit of this is reached the
roots of these, as well as those of all other
varieties, and of Taxus, descend into the fissures
of the chalk in search of moisture. Sequoia
gigantea will do pretty well if some previous
preparation is made in the way of deepen-
ing the site on which each tree is to stand
by raising it in the form of a large hillock,
as will also Cedrus Deodara, Libani, and atlan-
tica. These almost indispensable trees require
for their continued well-being similarly pre-
pared and sheltered sites, as they are the least
satisfactory of the Coniferas, when planted in
the ordinary soil of the hills. With these trees
on mounds surface feeding should be adopted
as the trees become old, or it will be found
impossible to keep them in a healthy state.
The Cryptomerias are also not reliable trees to
plant, more especially C. elegans.
One of the finest growing subjects in this
region, albeit but a common one, is Thuia
occidentalis, making upright evergreen sym-
metrical columns of from 20 to 40 feet, which, in
either garden scenery or in the wider landscapes,
are effective and telling objects. The introduc-
tions of later years from Japan are still in their
probationary period on this soil, and as they are
growing generally on prepared sites it would be
scarcely fair to make any deductions from them
at the present. Plants of these coming from
distant nurseries, and a totally different soil, are
long in recovering their health on the heavy
loams, and still longer on the more chalky soils.
The best plantations of Coniferse were planted
with very young plants, and put in thickly,
followed by early thinning, and in all cases were
well sheltered.
Mr. J. G. Baker, of the Kewt Her-
barium, the President of the Yorkshire Naturalists'
Union, who has already written Floras of North
Yorkshire and of Northumberland and Durham, is
intending to print this winter a Flora of the English
lake district, on which he has been long engaged, and
will be glad of any contributions towards it.
Alpine Plants.— Lovers of this class of
plants, and they are becoming more and more
numerous, are requested to —
" Read Please,
Of the most seldom and important plants that
Can be found in Zerraatt and its surrounding
Mountains, as also some minerals and living plants
To transplant, can be had here in this shop
Of M.J. BiNER-SiGRiST Botanist,"
We transcribe the inscription in full, as written on
a shop front in Zermatt, not only for its quaintness,
but for the sake of bringing to the notice of those
concerned a very trustworthy guide and collector,
The Chou de Burghley or Cabbage
Broccoli.— Mr. Gilbert, the raiser of this excellent
new vegetable, writing on the 15th inst., says : —
" Two years ago a great cook told me there was only
one fault with Chou de Burghley — it was rather large
— and if I could get them a little larger than Brussels
Sprouts, and still of the same mild flavour, they
would be better. On the first opportunity I crossed
the Chou de Burghley with the Brussels Sprout, and I
now send you some of the produce of the seeds so
obtained." What to call the produce of this cross we
do not know (shall we say Chou de Gilbert ?), but it
seems to us something remarkable that Mr. Gilbert
should have so soon obtained the thing he wanted,
the Sprouts (?) received being perfect little Cabbages
3—4 inches long, 2— 2| inches in diameter, and
when cooked of the same mild, delicate flavour
as Chou de Burghley. Brussels Sprouts, large
or small, have always a strong flavour, and a
sample of hard, medium-sized Sprouts sent at the
same time proved no exception to the rule, though
for table use infinitely nicer than the over-
sized ones now too often aimed at. Of the habit
of growth of the Chou de Gilbert we know
nothing, but should be glad of particulars, and before
saying more would like to see the plants growing.
The Chou de Burghley is being largely grown this
season, and is giving general satisfaction, but com.
plaints have reached us that the plants do not all
come of any fixed type.
Mr. Stephen Ross, who has lately retired
from the management of Lord Carnarvon's gardens
at Highclere Castle, was presented.'the other day by
his friends and neighbours with a gold watch and
chain, as a token of their sincere regard and good
wishes. Mr. Ross became gardener at Highclere in
1S59, previous to which he was foreman in the gar-
dens at Savemake Forest, near Marlborough. While
at Highclere Mr. Ross carried out many alterations
suggested from time to time by the noble owner.
The Castle grounds have been considerably extended
and improved, and the lovely flowering Rhododen-
drons, Azaleas, and other shrubs greatly increased.
The appreciation in which Mr. Ross is regarded is
shown by the fact that Lord Carnarvon has kindly
granted him a handsome pension for life, and the
option of taking another situation where the duties
will be less onerous.
_ Tuberous Begonias.— What will finally be
determined to be the length of the season of usefulness
of these showy plants as yet remains an uncertainty.
When they were few in numbers they made a brave
display in the greenhouse during the late spring and
summer months, and they were welcomed as novel-
ties of a high order of merit. Then they were tried
and found adaptable for summer and autumn bed-
ding, and latterly for late autumn flowering espe-
cially, the plants continuing in bloom, unaffected by
either wind and rain until long after the last Rose of
summer has disappeared. Now, if we may judge
from a glorious box of flowers before us, sent by
Messrs. Laing & Co., it would appear that in the
late autumn, too, they can be had in abundance under
glass, and of the finest quality; and we suppose shortly
we shall hear that they are competing with Chrysan-
themums for the honour of rendering our houses gay
during the dull early winter months.
Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu-
tion.—Mr. Cutler writes :— " May I be allowed
to remind your readers that the simultaneous collec-
tion in aid of the Pension Augmentation Fund for
this year will finally close on November 30 ? You may
perhaps be pleased to learn that the amount collected
to this day is ^£'434 ids. ion', as against ;^33i 5^. -jd.
received by the corresponding day last year." Oct. 23.
The "Herefordshire Pomona." — The
publication of the sixth part of this beautiful serial
comes opportunely. For those who do not know the
work we may add that it consists of a series of coloured
illustrations of many of the most esteemed Apples
and Pears. The selection is not confined to Hereford-
shire, for as the work progressed public interest was
excited, and the choice of varieties for illustration and
description proportionately widened. The part before
us is equal in execution to those that have preceded, and
that is saying a great deal. The text contains detailed
descriptions and pleasantly written notes as to the his-
tory of the several varieties. We would fain hope
that one result of this publication, as well of the
recent exhibition of Chiswick, will be the elimination
of a vast number of inferior or indifferent kinds. Of
the thousand and odd varieties, or reputed varieties,
at Chiswick, only a small percentage are really worth
retaining, and it is rare indeed for any new variety to
surpass in excellence those we already have. Let us
hope also that the Herefordshire Pomona and the
" Congress " will be able to effect a great deal towards
the suppression of useless synonyms, and to the eluci-
dation of the names. With reference to this latter
534
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
fOCTOBER 2!», 1883.
point we may mention that an Apple appeared in many
collections at Chiswick under the name " The Proff.,"
the meaning of which was not apparent till in some
other collection the same Apple was found labelled the
Professor, and thus furnished the clue to the mysterious
epithet. In such cases the adage, Brcvis esse lahoro
oliscnrusfio, may well be remembered and acted on.
LiNNEAN Society. — At the meeting to be
held on Thursday, November i, at 8 p.m., the fol-
lowing papers will be read: — I. "Changes in the
Fauna and Flora of New Zealand ;" Dr. S. M. Curl.
2. "On a Fossil Fruit from the London Clay ;" J.
Starkie Gardner. 3. " Origin of the Placentas in
Alsine.-e ;" G. Lister,
Marigold Meteor.— It would be interest-
ing to know when the English form of this Marigold
originated. It can be traced as having been grown in
Hothfield Gardens, near Ashford, some four or five
years ago at least, certainly before it was sent out
from Germany as a new variety. The Kentish form
of it is, in our opinion, finer than the German one,
for it is marked with the deepest orange and buff, and
at this period of the year it is extremely fine. A few
days since we saw glorious blooms in an old farm-
house garden in Kent, into which it found its way
from Hothfield some three or four years ago. The
flowers were superbly coloured, and perhaps the damp
dull autumn weather tended to heighten the colours.
LiLiuM AURATUM. — Messrs. Collins
Brothers & Gabriel, of the Waterloo Road, S.E.,
have submitted for our inspection some of the finest
examples of home-grown Lilium auratum bulbs that
have come under our notice. The bulbs ranged
from 16 to 24 oz. in weight, the latter measuring
16 inches in circumference,
Crat/Egus pyracantha.— This fine hardy
evergreen winter plant is glorious in many places
this autumn with its rich load of orange-red berries.
Many a porch, wall, and fence glistens with its
ripe red fruit. It is generally recommended as a
trailing or climbing plant against a wall, and
hence it is that its decorative uses are a little
restricted. A few days since we saw it in all
its autumn glory, with its marvellous wealth of berries
cast over a portion of the exterior of a dense clump of
shrubs, covering a small island in the centre of apiece
of ornamental water. The berries glistened in the
sunlight, and it was as if gleams of coral flame lit up the
sombre surroundings of leaf and branch. There is a
wonderful warmth of rich colouring about this plant
in autumn and winter, and, though so hardy, it is
worthy the best position that can be asjigned to it.
A New French Potato. — This bears the
name of "Joseph RIgault," and is said to have been
produced from the Early Bedford Kidney and Marjolin
Tetard, and combines the best qualities of the above
varieties. "As early as the Royal Ashleaf Kid-
ney, it gives a crop five times more considerable, "and
is said to " possess the power of resisting disease."
When an English raiser contemplates the price asked
of the trade, and compares it with the poor prices
realised for high-class home-raised Potatos in this
country, he may be forgiven a little envy of his
French fellow labourer in this department.
The Mango Season in India. — In a
letter dated September 5, Mr. C. B. Clarke writes :
— " Mangoes lasted this year from May i to Septem-
ber I— the finest Mango season in the memory o(
man. Mangoes on the railway 40 miles down would
not pay carriage to Calcutta." So the good Mango
season coincides on this occasion with our good
Apple season.
Veronica kupestris.— Under this name
Mr. Barron has growing on the rockwork at Chis-
wick a charming prostrate Veronica that is blooming
very prettily in the form of small spikes of deep blue
flowers. It may possibly be a type of V. prostrata,
and it deierves to be noted as an excellent plant for
covering rockwork. Near it is Plumbago Larpentte
in fine healthy tufts flowering freely, its deep blue
flowers changing to violet, but most acceptable in the
shortening autumn days. These two plants supply
hues of blue that are very cheerful amid the decay that
goes on at this season of the year. Here and there a
tuft of autumn Crocuses has reared its delicate
blossoms, and the pretty Cyclamen hedersefolium is
already in bloom. Some of the dwarf Saxifrages are
so bright in foliage as almost to supply the place of
flowers. They alternate between deep red to bright
yellowish-green, and they ate as effective in autumn
as at any season of the year. A well-planned and
furnished rock garden is never without something of
interest all through the changing year,
The Late Dr. Denny. — A memorial stone
in polished granite has been erected in the Ipswich
Cemetery by a few friends of the late Dr. Denny.
The inscription runs thus : —
In memory of John Denny,
M.D., F.R.H.S.
Born at Ipswich.
Died at Stoke Newington,
London, 18 November, l88r.
Aged 62 years.
This monument was erected by his friends in token
of their esteem.
His life was spent in relieving the suffering poor. His
leisure was devoted to the promotion of scientific
Horticulture.
Kentish Apples. — Mr. Lewis Appleton,
writing to the Daily A^e^ws, says : — " In con-
nection with the National Apple Congress, it has
been justly stated that the county of Kent is the
largest English contributor. This is an imme-
morial historic fact. Reaching back as far as the
eleventh century, Kent has been famous for its
Apple gardens and orchard;. In 1066, the year
that William of Normandy invaded, conquered,
and was crowned King of England, several of his royal
followers settled in Kent, amongst whom was a lady
of his Court named Mahilia. This lady fixed her
residence in the vicinity of a forest of Apple orchards,
and in consequence she received the surname of
Mahilia d'Appletone, or Mahilia of the Apple
Orchards. From this Norman lady sprang the family
of the Appletons, who for eight centuries have main-
tained their ground as an ancient family in Kent and the
adjacent counties. In 1641 a member of this family,
John Appleton, was one of the ' Puritan Fathers '
who sailed in the Mayfltnocy for the American conti-
nent, and from him sprang the family of Appletons
in the United States. Charles Sumner and the
poet Longfellow intermarried into that family.
The crest of the family became, at a very early date,
a bough with leaves and Apples, and it still remains
the crest of the family, of which I subscribe myself a
humble descendant."
Grape and Melon Growing at Mr.
Ladds'.— The Vines in the big vinery at Bexley
Heath are again this year carrying a beautiful crop,
alike remarkable for weight and quality. Originally
nearly one-half of the house was planted with Lady
Downe's, and the remainder with Black Alicante, but
the last-named fine winter kind has been grafted on
most of the Lady Downe's, and has got into bearing.
In the course of another year the house will be all
Alicante, which is preferred by Mr. Ladds, as with
all the care and attention possible in keeping on
plenty of heat all through the time when scalding
takes place so as to admit of air being on night and
day at both side ventilators and the ridge, 'still some
of the berries are affected, not to an extent to disfigure
the bunches, as most growers would consider the Lady
Downe's a faultlesscrop, although, as may be supposed,
not equal in weight to the Alicante. Looking down the
long vista of this immense house, the sight is such
as an acquaintance with ordinary-sized vineries
conveys no idea of. The house has now been in
bearing five years, and there appears to be no falling
off in the unusual crop carried. In another house
some loS feet long, and of similar width to the big
vinery (24 feet), and like it, planted on both sides, the
Vines, all Alicante, are carrying their second crop.
Those who have had anything to do with Grape
growing need not be told that this variety, when the
Vines are strong and well managed, will finish up to
the mark a greater weight of fruit than any other sort.
Vet, taking weight and finish into account, it is a
question if the extraordinary crop now in this house
has been equalled ; the bunches run from twenty to
twenty-five to a Vine, a large part of which will be
from 3 to 4 lb. each, the berries full-sized, even, and
heavily bloomed, and as black as Grapes can be.
The Vines here, as in the other houses, have mostly
two rods each, A similar sized house to the last, all
Muscat of Alexandria, also the second year in
bearing, is little, if any behind the last ; here, again,
the evenness of the berries and bunches, with
their beautiful colour, are unusual. Five hundred
pounds had been cut out of this house before the
middle of October, and where they were cut from is
scarcely noticeable without close inspection. Two of
the big houses are filled with Gros Colmar, grand
young Vines, immensely strong, with the wood brown
and hard, and the foliage yet as fresh and full of life as
usually seen many weeks earlier. This last is a con-
dition which alike applies to the fruiting Vines, the
leaves of which, from end to end of the house, zx% as
green and free from red-spider as if this little pest was
non-existent. Quantities of Melons have been grown
at Bexley Heath this season, six of the long houses,
each 200 feet by 12 filled with Bouv.atdias last winter,
then occupied by two successional lots of Fuchsias,
were late in the summer planted with Melons, which
have done well. During the latter part of September
and beginning of October from 100 to 150 a day
have been cut, and there are quantities yet hanging.
Mr. Ladds has started another place at Swanley,
where 6 acres of land are to be covered with glass for
fruit growing. Five vineries, each 200 feet long by
16 feet wide, are already up, and ten more will be
built during the winter. Several thousand Gros
Colmar and Black Hamburgh Vines are being got
ready for planting this huge fruit manufactory.
The Glasgow and West of Scotland
Horticultural Society has issued its prize
schedule for a grand Hyacinth and spring flower
show, to be held in the City Hall, Glasgow, on
Wednesday, March 26, 1S44.
Stephanotis and Chrysanthemums at
Bexley Heath.— One of the wide houses, 300 feet
long, filled with Stephanotis planted on each side,
covering three-fourths of the roof, and a second house
only a little smaller similarly occupied, from which
during the height of the blooming season the flowers
are cut at the rate of a wheelbarrowful at a time, give
some idea of the demand existing for this sweet-
scented favourite. Chrysanthemums occupying an
acre of ground have just been taken up and planted
as close as they can stand on the floors of some
houses filled with young Vines, look as if they might
furuihh flowers enough for all London,
Mr. Bull's Nursery.— In this establish-
ment may be seen just now the useful autumn-flower
ing Odontoglossum rubelluro, mauve, with white and
gold in the centre. O. madrense majus is just coming
into bloom. This collection, which is one of the
most extensive in its representation of Odontoglossum
vexillarium, shows signs of wonderful health and
vigour, and there is abundant promise of future
blossom. The pretty Lxlia atrorubens, its red-
dish-purple blooms fully expanded, is quite a gem
at this dull season, as also are L. Perrini and its
varieties. The choice Oncidrum Edwardii will soon
open its beautiful inflorescence. Amongst Cypri-
pediums in bloom we noticed a nice piece of C.
Warneri, with four or five open flowers, and also C.
Dayanum and C. concolor. The Cymbidiums never
looked better, their foliage being as healthy as any
grower could wish. The large houseful of Orchids,
which was to be seen here during the summer months,
is now filled with a collection of mixed hothouse
plants; and not to the advantage of the latter. A
fine new house is partially filled temporarily with the
beginning of an extensive collection of SiUkim
Himalayan and hybrid tender Rhododendrons —
plants likely to be much cultivated, even in the
open air, under such conditions as were described in
our number for June 16. The Lavatera athorea varie-
gata is grown here in numbers. It is a subject very
suitable for groups in the sub-tropical garden, the
bold, handsome head of foliage strongly reminding
the observer of Aralia Sieboldi. Unfortunately it is
not quite hardy.
The Phylloxera Laws. — We find that an
impression has arisen from our recent remarks that
individual nurserymen and others desirous to secure
the introduction of living plants into Vine-growing
countries could do so by formally assenting to the
Convention of Berne. Of course, no such individual
action is of the least use, and hitherto our Govern-
ment has shown no disposiiion to give its assent as a
State to the Convention, probably because in its
estimation the amount of horticultural trade done
with the contracting countries is not sufficient to
justify such a proceeding, and that less general
inconvenience arises from abstention than from con
October 27, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
535
fortnity. It remains for those concerned to determine
whether orno this is a correct view, and whether they
will tal<e further action in the matter. At the Ghent
meeting in April last it was recognised that the Berne
Convention by no means met the requirements of the
horticultural trade, or of others desirous of transmit-
ting living plants to Vine-growing countries, but at
the same time as there was no chance at present of
S-ciiring the abrogation ol the Treaty, loyal com-
pliance with the enactments of the Treaty was recom-
mended as the only practical remedy, and the desire
was expressed that all countries concerned should
join the Convention, so as to secure a regular and
uniform practice, and thus facilitate international
commerce. In the opinion of the Ghent meeting,
when once the Convention is universally accepted, the
vexatious hindrances now put in the way of inter-
national traflic will be reduced to certain simple
administrative forms. It is pointed out that it would
be very desirable to have for all countries a uniform
form of certificate. The Belgian Syndical Chamber
of Horticulturists have taken the matter up with spirit
on the lines just mentioned. It remains for those
concerned in this country either to bear the incon-
venience as best they may, or to bring further influence
on our Government in such way as, after due consulta-
tion, may seem most desirable,
Pyrus Maulei. — Those who like Apple pies
generally like a (luince mixed therewith, and no
doubt especially late in the season the Quince is the
best part of the pie so far as flavour is concerned.
But let those who want a real treat in this way pro-
cure, if they are lucky enough to be able to do so, the
fruits of Pyrus Maulei. Half a one is sufiicient for a
pie of moderate dimensions. Expcrto crcde. We are
not sure whether we ought not to patent the discovery,
but we prefer, in all good fellowship, to publish it
abroad. Mr. Maule will pardon us for stating that
we prefer it so used to its confection into marmalade.
Messrs. Veitch's Nursery. — Amongst
the few Orchids in bloom at this, for them, rather
fiowerless time of the year, are some pretty examples
of Vanda cojrulea, also of Cattleya Manglesi, one of
Dominy's first children, pretty in its way, and most
useful as an autumn bloomer. In the Phalcenopsis-
house are many examples of P. amabilis, opening their
handsome blossoms of pure white and crimson, and
the promise of great quantities of bloom later on.
The rare P. Krameri is very conspicuous, with its
beautiful orange petals, delicately bordered with a
rich brown and prettily filled. The Cypripediums
are also beginning here and there to show signs of
flowering. C. calurum, with somewhat the general
appearance of C. Sedeni, only much larger in flower
and leaf, and with colours far brighter, has thrown up
several flower-spikes — they cannot be called sprays,
not having the branching habit of some of the newer
Cypripediums. C. Spicerianum and C. Dayanum are
also showing bloom, as is also a quantity of C. Slonei.
The few Oncidiums in flower include the handsome
O. Forbesi, O. ornithorhynchum, with its tiny rosy
flower spray deliciously smelling of vanilla ; and O.
varicosuni. Of Pleiones coming into bloom are P.
humilis and P. Keichenbachiana. The Nepenthes-
house is quite crowded with plants of all kinds in
pitcher. This is really the best period of the whole
year to see these curious pitchers. First amongst the
graceful Ferns suitable for suspending in a basket or
for a ledge in a rockery is Davallia Veitchiana. Well-
grown plants furnish long slender fronds useful for
cutting. Polypodium verucosum is a good distinct-
looking stove variety, the dotted pinnae being some-
thing very noticeable. Globba atrosanguinea is a use-
ful Gingerwort for autumn flowering, its yellow blooms
and scarlet calyces being very showy,
Prize Schedules. — Each succeeding year
the exhibition season brings with it the usual budget
of complaints as to judges at horticultural shows not
making their awards in conformity with the rules laid
down in the prize schedule issued for the joint guid-
ance of exhibitors and judges. These complaints
spring from different, and often from opposite, causes.
Sometimes it is alleged that those who adjudicate are
too lax in making awards to exhibitors who do not
comply with the rules embodied in the schedule ; in
others it is urged that the error lies in the opposite
direction, by the judges going beyond that which the
rules permit in disqualifying exhibitors who have
complied with the letter of the law as laid down in
the schedule. Before going further, it is well to
observe that the schedule in all cases is the code of
laws .alike binding on both exhibitors and judges ;
and this, be it understood, totally apart from its
merits in being well or badly arranged. If, for in-
stance, the regulations are more than reasonably
stringent and exacting, nevertheless exhibitors, if they
compete, have no recourse but to comply with them,
and judges have equally no course but to make
their awards in conformity with the stipulations. If,
on the other hand, a schedule is carelessly drawn up,
allowing more latitude to exhibitors than usual, in
that case the exhibitors are perfectly entitled to take
advantage of whatever omissions there exist. In
brief, all that the schedule requires must be forth-
coming, and all that it does not forbid is admissible.
It may be said that this is following the letter of the
law, not the spirit ; yet it is the only reasonable
course, for the moment either exhibitors or judges
diverge from the letter of the law— /.i^., the wording
of the schedule — they have no ground to stand on.
This applies alike to exhibiting plants, fruit, flowers,
or vegetables ; and where a schedule does not put any
restriction on the number of varieties of any particular
kind of plant, fruit, flower, or vegetable to be shown
in a collection, whatever the number the collection is
to consist of collectively, each exhibitor has a perfect
right to show as many varieties as he chooses without
being disqualified for so doing. In such cases as here
stated the judges have no more right to disqualify on
the ground that the usual practice is to only show
such or such a number of varieties because the sche-
dules of most societies only admit so many, than the
exhibitors would have to contend that any society in
deviating in their rules from that which is usual had
no right to force those who compete to comply with
the said rules. This is so obviously the only reason-
able course to follow that the generality of both exhi-
bitors and judges acknowledge and act upon it ; yet
it is evident that all do not, hence the complaints that
occasionally are heard of, but which there is little
doubt are oftener borne with than made public. When
such mistakes occur, exhibitors are dissatisfied, but the
grumbling usually goes no further than the day of the
show, the disappointed taking a philosophical view of
the matter in supposing that a repetition of the inflic-
tion will not occur. Most old exhibitors have seen,
and had to put up with, not a few vagaries at the
hands of individuals appointed as judges. There is
another mistake that judges sometimes make — that is,
in awarding a second or a third prize to an exhibit that
in some way or other is not shown in accordance with
the requirements of -the schedule, justly giving first to
another exhibitor's production that, though inferior,
ii shown in compliance with the regulations. This,
again, is wrong ; any production not shown in
accordance with the schedule has no right to a prize
in the class it is entered for ; and where judges give a
second, third, or any other prize in the class to such
an exhibit, they stultify their own act in withholding
the first from it. But in all cases when such an ex-
hibit possesses merit, and the non-compliance with
the rules is obviously an oversight, and not done with
fraudulent intent, it would be a wise and fair course
to give an extra prize proportionate to the merits of
the production. Any one acting as judge at exhibi-
tions of this kind, and who has been an exhibitor, can
enter into the spirit of those who show faiily. There
is nothing more disagreeable than having to disqualify
productions that through a mistake of the exhibitor
are not entitled to a prize, but are otherwise deserv-
ing ; yet common fairness demands the disqualifica-
tion, without which the exhibitors who comply with
the rules would not get their due. It sometimes
happens that those who draw up a schedule are not
careful enough to make their meaning clearly under-
stood to either exhibitors or judges. Cases of this
kind are not uncommon, where the wording is so
obscure that some of the exhibitors evidently put a
different interpretation on the regulations to that
which others do ; the usual result of which, as might
be expected, is dissatisfaction at the awards. Rules
relating to such competitions should always be suffi-
ciently clear that they cannot be misunderstood by
any one concerned, as, beyond Ihe contentions that
arise from indefinite regulations, such always have
the effect of injuring the competition.
Fungus Foray at Cofd Coch and the
Neighbourhood. — With the view of sending a few
named fungi to Northampton for the soiric on the
llth, a pctil fugus foray was undertaken (Oct, 9) by
Mr. A. Walker, of Colwyn, Mrs. Lloyd Wynn,
and a few more mycologioal enthusiasts, when they
found the fungi abundant, and were rewarded wilh the
inteiesting A. marginellus, a close ally of A. Iris,
which, on a small scale, is perhaps the most beautiful
of fungi ; Ihey found also Cortinarius germanus, C.
dilutus, and others, and above all a specimen of
Agaricus Rutha?, of far larger size than the oiiginal
siiecinien figured by Ur. CooKE. After the
fungi had been sent ofl' to Northampton other
excursions were foimed, and fungi were found in
extraordinary abundance. A group of A. melleus on
an old Willow stump was a sight to enchant an artist,
and a ring of A. flaccidus (SowEKiiv), at least 10 feet
in diameter, the individuals of which it. consisted
being unusually large and brilliant in colour. After a
few minutes we wcie so fortunate as to find a second
specimen of IlclvcUa Klotzschiana, besides many
other novelties. At Bodrydar the rare Thelephora
phylactua was in great beauty ; indeed, our report of
the year as productive in funai is rather dilterent from
that of the Hereford foray. With a knowledge of Coed
Coch for nearly thirty years, we can say positively
that there has never been a year more productive in
species and interesting forms. Figures have been
secured of some of the more important acquisitions
for Dr. Cooke's Illustrations^ which has our most
sincere and conscientious wishes for its completion,
M. J. B.
Publications Received. — British Fresh-
water Algic. Part 6. By Dr. M. C. Cooke. Con-
taining descriptions and coloured figures of Ulotri-
chacea^ and Chcetophoracece. — Familiar WiUiFhivcrs,
— Familiar Garden Flovcrs. — lllustrationcs Floric
Ilispaiiicu:. By Maurice Willkomm. Part 7.
Containing faithful portraits of Spanish 'plants, wilh
text in Latin, French, and Spanish, The plates
include Nos. 57 to 65 inclusive.
The Weather.— General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Oct. 22, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London : — The weather, though finer in the
eastern and central parts of Great Britain than else-
where, has been generally cloudy or dull, with fre-
quent, and in some places heavy, falls of rain. In
many localities thunderstorms have been experienced.
Temperature has been below the mean in all districts,
the deficit ranging from i* to 3°. The maxima,
which were registered during the earlier days of the
period, varied from 54° to 55° in Scotland to 62" in
'* England, E." The minima were generally recorded
either on the 21st or22d, and were low in all districts,
ranging from 26' in "Scotland, W.," and 27° in
"England, N.W,," to 34° in the south and east of
England, and the south of Ireland. Rainfall has
been about equal to the mean in " England, S.," but
more in all other districts, the excess in " England,
N.W.," and "Ireland, N.," being considerable.
Bright sunshine shows an increase in duration in all
places, the percentages ranging from 31 in " Ireland,
W.," to 50 in " England, E.," and 52 in the " Mid-
land Counties." Depressions observed: — During
the whole of this period the barometer has been
highest and comparatively steady over F'rance,
while depressions have travelled generally in an
easterly direction over our northern coasts and
Scandinavia, and some subsldary disturbances over our
southern districts. The wind, after blowing a gale
from between south-west and south, on nearly all our
coasts during the i6th, veered to the westward, and
moderated somewhat in force, though for a time it
still blew a strong breeze to a moderate gale. By the
2ist moderate westerly or north-westerly winds were
general, but on the following day strong south-
westerly winds had again set in in the west and
north.
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. John
Proctor, lately Gardener at the Priory, St. Andrews,
as Gardener to General Sir John Douglas, of Glen-
finnart, Ardentinny. — Mr. James Jack, from the
Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh, as Gardener to
Miss Russell, Ashiestiel, Cralashiels. — Mr. John
MacKinlay, at present Foreman at Penicuik
House, Penicuik, as Gardener to David Wilson,
Esq., Carbeth, Ivlllearn. — J\Ir. Denning, lately of
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, as Gar-
dener to the Earl of Chesterfield, Holme Lacy,
Hereford,
536
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
(October 27, 1883.
ORCHIDS AT DOWNSIDE.
The grand structure specially designed by Mr. Lee
for Cattleyas and Lselias (p. 308, vol. xix.) has proved
a great success, the plants steadily improving from the
time they were first installed in their princely quarters,
well developing their flowers, and bearing them pro-
fusely without punishing the specimens. Many who
saw the magnificent display of some hundreds of
blooms of the varieties of Cattleya Mossiffi in this
house last year (numbers of the small specimens being
almost hidden under their fiowers) were inclined to
believe that the heavy drain on the plants necessary to
maintain such a display for so long a time would cer-
tainly reduce them considerably and take off' much of
the freshness and vigour of their appearance. Such
has not been the case, however, on the contrary, they
did not receive the slightest check. That such is the
case is of course attributable to the excellent arrange-
ment of every detail in the house in which the plants
have been kept, the genial moisture from the numerous
water-tanks, the bed of leaves under the open wood-
work middle stage and the permanent ventilation
secured by the open glazing of the first pane of glass
all round the house contributing greatly to the general
success.
Keeping good the display which never fails in this
Orchid growers' elysium, and making the place very
attractive until the great feast of Cattleya Trianse
arrives, are some of the finest specimen of some of the
best varieties of Lcelia elegans in the country — plants
with over one hundred bulbs each, and beautifully
diverse flowers of many shades of colour and different
habits of growth from the dwarf L. Leeana to the
stately looking L. Turneri and L. elegans alba. Rare
varieties of Cattleya Eldorado are also represented, so
highly coloured and so quaintly marked as to almost
lose their identity, one very dark crimson or maroon-
lipped form having the petals heavily marked with
dark carmine, as in C. Trianfe Backhousiana ; another
having a similarly marked dark labellum, but with
pure white petals ; various forms of the pure white,
orange-throated C. Wallisi ; and still yet another
grand plant of the last-named variety, but with
bright rose petals instead of white. These and other
like novelties represent the picked plants of all the
recent heavy importations, wherever procurable, and
are, many of them, the only plants of the kind which
have yet flowered in this country. The varieties of
C. Eldorado are specially valuable for the assist-
ance they give with their showy blooms in filling
up the blank which takes place without them before
the Triansss come in, and for their delightful odour.
The middle portion of the centre stage is occupied
by an unrivalled collection of Vandas, which are orna-
mental when not in bloom, but simply enchanting
when in flower. Contributing also their share to the
display in this house are finely bloomed plants of C.
Dowiana aurea, C. Dormaniana, a fine form of C.
Fausta, with its rosy flowers and crimson veined lip ;
a fine specimen of the autumn-flowering C. labiata,
with four huge flowers on a spike, and various other
Cattleyas and Liielias, together with well-bloomed Epi-
dendrum Wallisi, E, prismatocarpum superbum, and
the quaint-looking E. sceptrum, with its tall spikes of
numerous orange-chocolate blotched flowers, each
curiously presenting its labellum upwards. The
forms of Lselia Perrini are also very showy.
The end lobby of this house is devoted to the
varieties of C. gigas, C. Dowiana, and others which
demand special treatment, and the entrance lobby at
the other end to the warm-house Cypripediums,
Odontoglossum Roezlii, Nepenthes, &c., in bloom
being C. calurum, C. Ashburtonije, C. Chantini,
C. punctatum violaceum, C. marmorophyllum (C.
Hookerii x C. barbatum), C. Dominianum, C. con-
chiferum, C. Spicerianum, C. vexillarium, C. Har-
risianum, many fine forms of O. Roezlii, and the
rare Zygopetalum rostratum. In a close, moist
corner of this house, and in near proximity to a damp
wall, Mr. Lee is also succeeding admirably with that
miffy plant, Phaius tuberculosus, with which so many
have failed and asked advice respecting lately. Here
it is grown in a pot, but its running habit is accom-
modated by having a thin block of wood potted with
it, up which it is growing in a vigorous manner. It is
always kept moist and shady, and if others try it in
this way they will probably be successful with iL
While on the subject of Lselias, it may be as well
to say that the varieties of L. pumila (Dayana,
prsestans, marginata, &c.), which are now producing
such fine blooms, are well done at Downside, although
many fail with them through giving them too much
heat. Mr. Lee found that the Cattleya-house was too
warm for them, and he soon moved them to a cool
house, where the Odontoglossum vexillarium is
grown, and here they succeed admirably on blocks,
or in shallow pans or baskets, suspended in full light
near to the glass of the roof. House after house is
filled with Odontoglossums and Masdevallias, their
never-failing blooms and their healthy appearance
when grown cold and moist rendering it very difficult
to restrict the space allotted to them j their culture
seems so simple and pleasant at Downside as to cause
wonder that any should mismanage them. Here
it is a thing unknown for one of these plants
to die once being established, and there seems
no limit to their longevity so long as they are properly
managed, some of the first introduced pedigree Odon-
toglossums being still at Downside in increasing
vigour. Well do they repay the care of years by
producing such huge garlands as some of the O.
Alexandrse are now bearing — one grand fellow having
a spike over 3 feet in length, and bearing sixteen
large pure white blooms, and another having equally
large heavily blotched flowers, and yet all these would
probably have been counted but good ordinary
varieties until culture had perfected them. This
should be a great comfort to purchasers of small plants
and importations — if but the right strain be obtained,
possessing flowers of good form and substance, culture
will do the rest, but it will never change the starry,
poor variety into a good one.
In the cool-house noteworthy in bloom are Odonto-
glossum Chestertoni (true), O. crispum guttatum, O.
c. giganteum, O. c. Trianre, many fine O. Pescatorei,
the rare true O. Wallisi, many Mesospinidum vulcani-
cum, Sophronitis, Pleiones, charming panfuls ; many
fine Lselia autumnalis atrorubens, Barkeria Skinneri —
fifteen spikes on one plant ; Masdevallia Davisi
major, M. Veitchii gigantea, M. maculata, true old
form, with flowers half the size of those of M. macrura ;
and in one of the long houses plants of M. tovarensis
in bloom are arranged all over it, the snow-white
flowers on their hundreds of spikes looking very
lovely, and heightening the effect of the other plants
in bloom. Miltonias, which usually look so sickly in
collections, are so well cultivated at Downside that
their light green pseudobulbs do not present the
objectionable yellow tint, and their flowers are freely
produced by even the smallest of them. At one time
they were not so happy here, and they were shifted
about until the right place was found. They have
since grown well without any trouble in a quiet, rather
shady comer of an intermediate-house of small dimen-
sions. Among those in bloom are two the like of
which are not in Europe, viz., M. Blunti, a very
pretty Hawthorn-scented variety with creamy petals,
heavily blotched with rosy-claret, and having a pink
and crimson lip ; and M. Clowesii gigantea, a mas-
sive-flowered thing, which may be the true M. Clowesii
major, a variety we very often hear about but never
see, unless this be it. M. bicolor and different forms
of M. spectabile radicans are also very good.
Among the Oncids are the last novelty, O. incur-
vum album, a pure white form of the elegant and free
flowering species ; the still very rare O. ornithorhyn-
cbum album, looking healthy and flowering well ;
many elegantly flowered plants of the rose O. ornitho-
rhynchum ; the pigmy O. Limminghii, clinging like
Ivy to its block, and sending out its O. Papilio-like
flowers ; bewildering thickets of O. varicosum, O,
tigrinum, O. aurosum grandiflorum, and O. macran-
thum.
Lycastes are well done at Downside, and as the
main secret is to keep them cool, airy, and moist, it
may be well to sound a warning note for the benefit
of those who are prone to roast the vitality out of
these plants in winter. At Downside the show of
Lycaste blooms last year was of the finest quality, and
they bid fair to be better this year, and here the plants
are grown in much the same manner as the Odonto-
glossums, but with about 5° more heat in autumn,
winter, and spring, they being shaded carefully and
kept cold as possible in summer. Among a host of
other well bloomed plants are quantities of the pretty
snow-white Odontoglossum CErstedii, Arundina bam-
bussefolia, which is nearly always in bloom here ;
Zygopetalums, Cymbidium giganteum, C. affine,
Lycaste Cobbiana, many fine Filumna nobilis, the
new Trichocentrura orthoplectron, Epidendrum
Cooperianum, Phalsenopsis, and the much-talked-of
and wonderfully beautiful Vanda Sanderiana, which
seems as durable in flower as it is beautiful.
In addition to the new and rare things previously
enumerated, and in themselves worthy of a visit, are
Cattleya Mastersonire, a rare Veitchian hybrid be-
tween autumn labiata and Loddigesii — a splendid
thing, with very much of the pure white of C. Loddi-
gesii in the tube, and all the rich colouring of the
other parent ; C. Eldorado virginalis, a very robust
pure white variety with orange throat, bearing three
flowers on a spike, and seemingly distinct from either
Eldorado or Wallisii in the strength of the spike and
the arrangement and substance of its large bold
flowers ; Cypripedium Spicerianum magnificum,
Sander ; and the rare C. Arthurianum are also well
represented.
When every department of such a vast Orchid
establishment as that at Downside displays marked
improvement each succeeding year it is certainly re-
assuring to growers on a smaller scale and to culti-
vators of special classes of Orchids, as it points to the
fact that success with any or all of them is certain if
they be carefully studied and tended as a labour of
love.
PENTSTEMON LABROSUS,
The botanical status of this plant is, we believe, a
matter still sttb jitdice, and this being the case we
shall do no more than mention that while some are of
opinion that it is only a variety of P. barbatus, others
consider it deserving of specific honours. We await
an authoritative expression of opinion, which we learn
is likely to be given in a forthcoming number of the
Botanical Magazine. Gardeners in search of beauti-
ful hardy plants, however, will be more concerned
with its suitability for their purposes than with its
exact rank in the botanical hierarchy — a point upon
which, moreover, there is always likely to be a differ-
ence of opinion, according to the bias of the indivi-
dual botanist or his means of coming to a conclusion.
Mr. Thompson, of Ipswich, to whom we are indebted
for the specimen from which our illustration was
taken, speaks of it as "quite an acquisition (fig. 91), its
colour being brighter than that of P. barbatus." He
tells us also that it proved hardy with him, and that it
varies in stature from 5 feet downwards. The flowers
are invariably destitute of the fringe of hairs that
gives its name to the better known plant — a circum-
stance which at least paints to a different life-history.
FRUIT NOTES.
Packing Imported Apples. — We omitted last
week, in mentioning the collection of Apples received
at Chiswick from Nova Scotia, to refer to the simple
and admirable system of packing adopted by the
importers, and which constitutes one of the secrets of
the great success which attends foreign Apple import- _
ation. Many thousands of barrels come over from ■
Nova Scotia yearly, thus making an important article "
of commerce, and when we note the singularly bright
and unbruised condition of the samples put up at
Chiswick and assume that these are but samples
further of the ordinary condition in which imported
Apples come to the market it is not possible to wonder ■
why these foreign fruits meet with such a ready sale. 9
Apart from their fine size, and in many cases rich ^
colouring, there is the fact that even in the result of
handling and packing alone they seem to excel out
market samples, although the former have come
thousands of miles. Why is it so? The obvious
reason is that more care is shown in picking and
packing, and, not least, in sizing, so that the sample
throughout is an even and a sound one. The lot at
Chiswick (as do all other imported kinds from our
North American colony) came packed in a neat barrel
resembling an ordinary flour barrel. This was lined
with soft paper, and into it were placed the fruits as
evenly as possible, having regard to the fact that in
this case, the fruits being of many sorts, were of
various sizes. A piece of thin paper divided each
kind, and when the barrel was filled a little packing
before the head was put in served to keep all tight.
When quantities of fruits of one kind are sent the
samples in the tubs are even throughout, and hence
the very best packing material proves to be the Apples
themselves. Perhaps the Nova Scotia fruit may
be of firmer flesh than ours, but it is obvious
that the rough-and-tumble treatment out market
Apples get is not bestowed upon these beautiful
imported fruits.
Keeping Apples. — There is much truth in what
Mr. Temple says about the storing of Apples, which
October 27, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
537
Fig. 91.— pentstemon labrosus : flowers scarlet-crimson, (see p. 536.)
often keep better in cellars and such-like places than
they do in (ruitrooms, where the air is more dry and
the temperature variable, a striking instance of which
I saw at a gentleman's house at Stanstead, where
quantities of Apples are stored in vaults under ground,
where they are in perfect darkness, and keep and look
as plump and fresh as when picked from the tree.
What affects Apples more than anything are the
changes in the atmosphere, as when damp they may,
unless in very good houses or rooms, be seen reeking
with moisture, which causes fungus-mould, and decay
follows quickly after. When above-ground a thatched
roof is best for a fruit-room, as it is more absorbent
and non-conducting, and therefore maintains the air
and temperature in a more equable condition as
regards heat and moisture. In barrels and air-tight
cases Apples and Pears may be kept long beyond
their usual season for turning in, and to have them
late it is the practice with some to roll choice speci-
mens in soft paper and pack them away in a cool dry
place till wanted for use. In this way I have known
Marie Louise Pears preserved till Christmas, and
Apples till others came again in the summer. The
best sorts of ours we pack in drawers that are close
6tting, and in these I find they keep much better and
sounder than they do on the shelves. Where there
are not proper conveniences for storing, I would
advise Apples being laid on clean, dry, sweet Wheat-
straw on the floors of lofts or sheds, and to give them
a thin covering of the same, which will absorb any
excess of moisture and help to stop any rot. "J. S,
Pear Muirfowl's Egg. — Under the name of
Galston's Moorfowl's Egg this Pear was to be seen
in a collection of Apples and Pears exhibited at the
Appledore Fruit and Flower Show by Messrs.
Thomas Bunyard & Sons, nurserymen, Ashford. It
is an old Scotch dessert Pear, of excellent quality, and
was highly spoken of by Mr. Thomas Bunyard. It
was represented by a medium-sized, roundish, green-
ish-yellow fruit, slightly russety, and spotted with red
next the sun. It is said to be both hardy and vigor-
ous, and makes a fine standard. By some authorities
the Galston form of this Fear is held to be distinct
from the Scotch Moorfowl's Egg. It is further
reported to be a good bearer.
Apple Winter Hawthornden. — Some truly
beautiful specimens were shown of this Apple at the
exhibition of the Appledore Root, Flower, and Fruit
Show, on the iSth inst. Prizes were offered for culi-
nary and dessert Apples, and among the former the
Winter Hawthornden stood out conspicuous for its
fine development. One dish of fruit, taken from a
small bush tree, looked as if they had been modelled
in wax. The skin was pure cream, and on the side
next the sun the colour was lively red. All the
samples of this Apple had much more colour than is
generally seen in the fruit, but these were con-
spicuously attractive. There was a very good display
of Kentish Apples, mostly of local growth, but unfor-
tunately scarcely one of them was named. Not a few
were finely coloured, but it was noticeable that here,
as at the Apple Congress, the examples of Blenheim
Orange, which is claimed as peculiarly a Kentish
Apple, were generally of inferior quality. There are
many old orchards in the neighbourhood of the Rom-
ney Marshes that contain trees of good age, and it
would be very interesting could a collection of the
Apples grown on these be sent to London next sea-
son for exhibition at one of the meetings of the Royal
Horticultural Society,
Fruit Spurs. — The anatomical conformation
shows that these short, contracted branches resemble
in their structure the root-stocks of herbaceous plants,
in so far that the cellular or spongy tissue predominates
over the fibrous or stringy. In the cells a
quantity of nutritive matter is stored up, which is
available for the ripening fruit. Herr Laborie has
lately published a paper in German on this subject,
which is one of no little importance to cultivators.
Winter Peach Apple, florist, t. 596. — A mid-
sized Apple of roundish or somewhat flattened form,
slightly hollowed at either end, with a closed
eye and a short stalk. Skin yellow, spotted red on
the sunny side. Flesh tender, juicy, of excellent
quality. Season, April.
Pear Olivier de Serres, Bulletin iV Arboricul-
ture, August. — Fruit large, globular, umbilicate at
the base and apex ; eye closed ; stalk stout, short ;
skin greenish-yellow, thickly overlaid with russetty-
brown.
538
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 1883.
j4ojVl£ -pORREPPOjMDEJMCE.
Birds and Pears.— I used to be troubled very
much by tomtits, but I discovered a remedy by acci-
dent, and have since been free from annoyance by
iliem. I have for the last four years grown a quantity of
Sunflowers, the seeds of which the tomtit is very fond ;
and I would advise those who are troubled with this
little fellow to adopt the same plan. If planted in April
the seeds come in just in time to take the bird's atten-
tion off the Pears, and while the stock of seeds last I
will vouch for it that the Pears will be safe. My
method of planting the seed is to take a dibble, some
seeds, and a bundle of sticks, and make a circuit of
the squares and quarters, dropping a seed here and
there, and placing a stick in each place as a guide to
any one using the hoe. After the first lot have come
up make another round in a similar manner.
R.C. E. H.
Castilleja indivisa. — I send a few specimens
of Castilleja indivisa, that you may see how effectively
it preserves its colour to the last. The plants have
been in flower four months or more. In any light
soil the plant is one of the easiest cultivation. The
only secret connected with its management is to sow
early, so that the plants may be ol fair strength by
May, to ensure which the seed needs to be sown in
January. Of course that implies the aid of a warm
greenhouse ; beyond that there is no difficulty. Wm.
Thompson. [We are greatly obliged to our cor-
respondent for these interesting specimens. The
scarlet or red bracts are very showy, and the plaiit of
such beauty and interest that we can recommend it to
connoisseurs with the greatest confidence, especially
as it is of such easy culture. We had imagined it
would be one of those partially parasitic plants which
are found so difficult to cultivate. Ed.]
Notes en Lapagerias. — I send you three clus-
ters of flowers of Lapageria alba, one of which,
marked No. I, is from a strong shoot sent up from
the base of the plant last spring, and the point of
which accidentally got pinched off by the door of the
greenhouse close to which it is growing. This, and
also another one, has formed a cluster of nine flowers,
each a joint or two below where it was pinched.
This suggests to me that where a number of young
strong shoots are sent up on a healthy plant, after
growing 3 to 4 feet, they may, by stopping, be induced
to flower the same year ; while, if allowed to continue
their growth, they would only, as in the case of other
strong shoots on our plants, continue their growth
from 12 to iS feet, without producing any flowers. I
may add, that three weeks ago this plant, from which
I send you flowers, bore from 900 to 1000 fully
expanded blooms, and on the other side of the house
(a span-roofed one) we have Lapageria rosea superba,
on which there were 1 100 expanded flowers in the
first week of September. I also send a spray of this
plant to show its freedom of flowering. Truly these,
the most free and beautiful of all greenhouse climbers,
are worthy of every cultural attention, B. Cromwell,
The Woodlands, Aighurth.
Bees and Blue Flowers. — In Mr. Grant Allen's
recent book. The Colour of Flowers, he asserts — what
indeed has been asserted before, but perhaps less
positively — that the blue colour in flowers is owing
to the preference of bees for this colour, and that
blue flowers are especially adapted for fertilisation by
bees. His words are:— "The fact is, blue flowers
are, as a rule, specialised for fertilisation by bees, and
bees therefore prefer this colour ; while, conversely, the
flowers have at the same time become blue, because
that was the colour which the bees prefer." I will
only say, in the first place, that the saving clause " as
a rule," opens the door for wide exceptions ; and in
the second, that Mr. Grant Allen leaves it more than
doubtful whether the bees like blue flowers for the
sake of their colour or for the sake of their special
adaptation of form. In the first part of the sentence
he asserts the latter, and in the second part the former
view. Nor does his next sentence help us — " As in
most other cases the adaptation must have gone on
f mi passu on both sides." Now what is the evidence
that bees prefer blue flowers, or that flowers have
become blue or altered their shape in order to accom-
modate bees ? Now first, as to the supposed prefer-
ence for blue flowers. We are all familiar with Sir
John Lubbock's experiment, and the preference shown
by certain bees for honey placed on blue glass over that
placed on glass of other colours. But even in this
experiment there was nothing conclusive, and later
experiments seemed to leave the matter much where
it was. On the other hand, Mr. Alfred Bennett, in
the Journal of the Linncan Society, has asserted that
during his observations the hymenoptera paid 203
visits to red or pink flowers, 126 to blue, eleven to
yellow, and seventeen to white. Other observers have
fancied that they have seen a preference for white or
greenish flowers — Spirrea, Mignonette, and others ;
while a bed of Thyme, a bank of Heather, or a grove
of Lime trees would probably attract any bee in pre-
ference to any blue flower in the world. But there
are all sorts of disturbing elements in these calcula-
tions. All bees are not alike, and the humble bee and
the hive bee may have different tastes. All flowers
do not secrete honey in the same degree, and bees
know pretty well {or instinct helps them to) what
they want. All gardens are not the same, and in one
the proportion of blue flowers may be greater, or the
number of honey-bearing flowers more. Then, again,
bees are greatly attracted by the scent of flowers. In
short there is much yet to learn, and by a more
thorough and exhaustive method than has as yet been
pursued ; and, meanwhile, we really cannot allow
Mr. Grant Allen to strengthen his position by press-
ing into his service, when he chooses, not only purple
but even pink flowers. The question is as to the
bees' preference for blue flowers, and these only. And
(though the first point remains unproved) now comes
the second question, as to the alteration in the form
and colour of flowers, dependent on the visits
of bees. Mr. Grant Allen says that " The more
specialised and modified flowers which gradually
fitted their forms and the position of their honey-
gland to the forms of the bees and butterflies, showed
a natural tendency to pass from yellow, through pink
and red, to purple or blue." tie adds, "It would
finally result that the ordinary unspecialised flowers,
which depended upon small insect riff-raff, would be
mostly left yellow or white ; those which appealed to
rather higher insects would become pink or red; and
those which laid themselves out for bees and butter-
flies, the aristocrats of the arthropodous world, would
grow for the most part to be purple or blue." Now
here again comes in the sort of hesitation which Mr,
Grant Allen evidently feels on finding that his theory
is too large for the ascertained fact — ■" would grow for
the most part to be purple or blue." If there is a law
in these matters, surely the change in form and colour
would be invariable. On what principle would one
flower adapt itself to the fancies of bees, and another
remain as it was? However this may be, a more
eminent botanist than Mr. Grant Allen, Dr. Asa
Gray, of Boston (U.S.), says :— " Thus far it does not
appear how the visits of bees to a blossom can make
one hair white or black." In Midler's great book on
TIte Fertilisation of Flowers I do not see that he
speaks of blue as a colour especially affected by bees ;
on the contrary, he said, " Flowers adapted for bees
probably surpass all others together in variety of
colour;" and again, "the most closely allied
species growing in the same locality, where
adapted for bees, are usually of different colours,
and can thereby be recognised at a glance."
I wish now to confine myself mainly to the question
of the preference of bees for blue flowers, and do not
dwell upon the question of the alteration of form, in
which M. Milller no doubt believes ; but such alter-
ation in form is, as it seems to me, quite independent
of questions of colour. Is the form of the blue Salvia,
for instance, more adapted for bees than that of the
red Salvia ? Why of all flowers have not the Antir-
rhinums become blue ? Why have we no blue Fox-
gloves? Why are Sweet Peas, which fertilise them-
selves, so often blue ? M. Midler states that in many
cases violet and blue "seem to have been preceded
by red — an assumption which is strengthened by the
fact that many blue and violet species (Myosotis,
Anchusa, Symphytum) give us white and rose-red
varieties, apparently'by reversion to more primitive
characters." The modest wording of this paragraph,
which admits that the theory is still an "assump-
tion," contrasts strongly with the more positive tone I
have found elsewhere ; but is it not a little arbitrary
to speak of a change in colour from red to blue as an
"evolution," and a change from blue to red as a
" reversion ? " Meanwhile I shall be glad of further
evidence which may show, 1st, that bees strongly prefer
blue flowers ; 2d, that, so preferring them, they more
willingly fertilise any flower which has a tendency to
blue ; 3d, that these flowers, by their selection, get
gradually more and more blue ; 4th, that they
gradually alter their form to adapt themselves to the
visits of bees. II. [As a contribution towards the
information required, we may mention that we have
had under observation, the whole summer, a flower-
bed consisting of Pelargoniums of mixed colours,
white to scarlet, edged with blue Lobelia, and that
we found by daily observation, sometimes many times
daily, that the hive-bees almost invariably went to
the Lobelias, and not once in a hundred times, or
in anything like that proportion, did they visit the
Pelargoniums. So exclusive was their preference for
the blue flower that we fancied the Pelargoniums
roust be destitute of honey, but on examination we
found an abundance. Ed.].
Shade. — I am very much obliged to Mr. Webster
for his information respecting Hydrangeas. I know
these flowers are very lovely in the grounds at Pen-
ryhn, and I had fancied that the soil under the blue
was a made compost compounded to effect a change
of hue. Mr. Webster's remarks seem very conclusive,
and yet I know from experience that the plants which
bore blue flowers in one portion of the grounds at
home, on being removed to other parts of the garden
always bore pink blossoms the following season. It
took a longer time to change a pink Hydrangea into
a blue one than it did to turn blue pink. Will not
shade blanch flowers as it does stalks and leaves ?
Plants kept in the dark were white. Helen E. JVatney,
Lyss. P.S. The gardens and grounds at Penrhyn aie
well worth a journey from Euston to Bangor to view.
A Pretty Weed (Linaria thymifolia). — Those who
admire Linaria alpina (and who does not?) c-n
scarcely fail to appreciate this new Toad-flax. Like
its alpine congener it is dwarf (3 to 4 inches high),
has glaucous leaves, though quite different in form,
being obovate or broadly oblong, and in whorls of
two or three, and has compact heads of bright yellow
flowers, with lips more or less orange.^ The flowers
are firm in texture and not slender, as in L.spartea,
&c. L. thymifolia grows in deep sandy soil, in which
it appears to be perennial, as I frequently found the
base of the shoots 4 inches or more below the surface
in places where the seed could not, I feel sure, have
been annually covered to any such depth. It sows
itself freely in sandy soil, and grows well even in pure
sand. J. Backhouse, York Nurseries,
Water Supply for Gardens. — Mr, Coomberisto
be envied in the splendid supply of water he appears
to have, which is one of the very desirable things
most gardeners fall short of, and have to spend much
time and labour in lifting and conveying about. If
employers could only be brought to understand how
much cheaper and better it would be to have it
laid on, few of us would be put to the straits we are now
during the summer, when every Vine, tree, and plant
we grow is athirst, and never gets enough to satisfy the
demand the leaves and fruit or flowers are constantly
making on theroots, which have to search hither and
thither in the "struggle to live. The expense of lay-
ing on water may be great at first ; but it is a good
investment where there is a garden, and fruit and
vegetables are required in quantity and quality ; for
with water it does not matter so much about poorness
of soil, which may be constantly fed by top-dressings
of manure washed down by the wet. The cheapest
way of applying water is to have a good large tank at
a high level, so as to obtain sufficient pressure to
force it where wanted, where, with a hose, it may be
turned on, and left playing on a border for hours
without any attention, I have seen trees with aphis,
or red-spider, that were looking crippled and wretched,
made clean and fresh in a night by undergoing a
sousing, and a shower-bath like that never fails to
wash parasites off. The water itself is the cheapest
and best power for obtaining a supply, as where there
is a running stream, or pond with a spring, a wheel
or ram may be placed to pump up what is required
for use, and beyond the first outlay there is little or
no other expense required for years, as a ram will
work night and day, and keep in order for a great
length of time. y. Sheppard,
Novelty in Dahlias. — Wearied of the absolute
perfection of form found in the big double Dahlias,
and now already almost satiated with the constantly
recurring monotony of single forms, one turns with a
feeling of profoundest satisfaction to any genuine
novelty in Dahlias, and such a one might have been
seen in the long Dahlia border at Chiswick during
the past autumn had those who admire flowers ej'es
for any other kinds but those single stars which alone
seem just now to be acceptable ornaments in our
terrestrial firmament. Under the unmistakably
Teutonic appellation of Deutscher Reichsgoldstern — a
name that is sufficient to frighten any ordinary Briton
from further association with it — there was grown
amidst the other Dahlias, taking a somewhat back
place, a fairly dwarf double kind, the petals thickly
set, and each one trebly pointed, so as to give the
flowers almost a spiny appearance. The colour of
the blooms was red, and each of these spiny points
being tipped with pale yellow gave to the blooms a
singular and striking appearance. Amidst a very
beautiful lot of Continental pompon sorts, some of ex-
ceeding merit in form, colour, and floriferousness,
this curious kind stood out as a distinct novelty, and
it is to be hoped that more will be seen of it next year.
To some of our Dahlia raisers such a kind might
offer material for the production of an entirely new
decorative race, that would be not the less acceptable
because whilst the solidity of good double flowers was
present, the painfully even outline or surface of the
flowers was broken up and rendered both more
pleasing and attractive. A. D.
The Chiswick Apple Show. — The presentation
made the other day to Mr. Barron by some of the
promoters of the successful Apple Congress, is one
which all who have paid Chiswick a visit will
rejoice to learn of, and regard as a pleasing recog-
nition of work splendidly done. As you mentioned
last week, however, in spite of the three weeks' exist-
October 27, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
539
ence of the show, and the large numbers of people
that have attciiJed it, there was the interesting fact
that not a fruit nut of ttns of lhou;.ands was mibsinL;,
whil.st all will) have had business at the show will
freely admit that the greatest possible kindness and
assialance has been manifested on the part of Mr.
Uarron's staft of men, and that in having a large
amount tif very responsible work thus unexpectedly
thrust upon them at a time when, the most busy pait
of the year being past, they had a right to look for
a little relaxed toil, they had done their duty faith-
fully and well. M.iy 1 therefore plead as one who
has visited the show often, and experienced, as others
hive, that kind consideration of which I write, that
in counting up the large profits, which must result
from an effort towards which the Council of tha
Society did nothing more than assent to, that body
will not only remember its superintendent, who, by
his spltndid Apple show has done more to popularise
the Society than tlie Council has done by its own
action for years, but also the numerous emphyts^ not
one of whom shuuUl at the close of the show be left
without some tangible memento of its exceeding use-
fulness and remarkable success. I write this much
disinterestedly, and without suggestion from any
one. D, B. [We hope the suggestion will be acted
on. Ed.]
Chou de Burghley. — This very useful vegetable
was once known as the "Cabbage Broccoli," and
some of the wits expended part of their witticisms in
showing that if cut as a Cabbage it would never
become a Broccoli, which is as true as the saying that
no one can eat their cake and have it too, and it must
have been an unreasonable person who could expect
that, after devouring the Cabbage, a Broccoli would
issue forth in its place. I find the Cabbage so good
as a Cabbage that I can wish for nothing better, and
it is a great chance if any of our plants are allowed to
stand for the transformation which would come later
on, as they have now splendid hearts, which when
cooked are exceedingly tender and mild and delicious
in flavour. When more known I am convinced that
this Chou de Burghley will be very largely grown for
autumn and winter use, and in a great measure super-
sede and take the place of strong, rank Savoys, which
few care to eat. Mr. Gilbert is to be congratu-
lated on raising and distributing such a valuable thing.
Those we have in use now were sown in March, but
if wanted to stand till spring the seed should be put
in as late as the middle of May. J. Shcppard.
It would be interesting to know how this new
vegetable has turned out this season. With me it has
been rather disappointing. I have a good bed of it,
and the plants look like large white Cabbages. I
sent the first lot to the kitchen a few days since, and
it was pronounced worthless. Is it too soon to cut
it ? I should like to have the opinion of others who
have grown it. O. Orpet.
The Grass Seed Harvest.— We notice a state-
ment at p. 46S concerning Trefoil, which, in our
opinion, is not borne out by fact. We estimate the
Trefoil crop at considerably above the average, and,
as a fact, at the present time fine samples of new seeds
can be bought at ^10 per ton less than last year's closing
prices for similar qualities, Ja7nes Carter &= Co.
Systematic Botany.— I read with very great
pleasure your leading article on this subject last week.
Not only to the progress of horticulture and agricul-
ture, but also to that of forestry, is the study of
systematic botany in the highest degree relevant.
Your observations with reference to the grass genu',
Penicillaria are particularly fortunate, for there is no
family of plants which has sulTered more than the
grasses from a lack of knowledge on the part of its
cultivators of the systematic position and the genetic
relationship of the members of the order. It is a
startling fact that, of all the grasses cultivated in this
country only one, and that a doubtful one, is not
Dative — I refer to Lolium italicum. Within the List
year or two a determined attempt, which will prob-
ably prove successful, has been made to drive common
Rye-grass, Lolium perenne, out of our pasture lands.
Not more than some twenty species of grasses
are cultivated in this country, and though exotic
species have from time to time been tried here
and found wanting, it seems to me that there is
need of further attempts in this direction. Small
as is the number of cultivated grasses here, it is
even smaller in the United States— a fact which was
brought under the notice of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science at its recent meeting
at Minneapolis by Professor W. J. Beal, Vice-I'residen't
of the Biological Section. Though Dr. Schweinfurlh
is stated to have said that Penicillaria is not referred
to in the most recent works I may mention that it is
noticed both in Sir J. Hooker's English edition of
Le Maout and Decaisne's Bo/any, and in Dr. Masters'
edition of Henfrey's Ekmcnlary Course of Botany.
Perhaps, however, the German botanist referred to
works in his own language. The educational value of
a botanic garden can hardly be over-estimated. I have
been slowly forming one here during the last three or
four years, and, thanks to kind assistance from Kcw
and Glasnevin, it already possesses considerable interest
and value ; but there are many native plants I would
gladly accept specimens of, and undertake that they
should be received into a kind home were oppor-
tunity to offer. I have made a speciality of grasses
on account of their agricultural importance ami
of the many difficulties surrounding the study of
this complicated family. Last summer I grew about
150 species, and I hope year by year to increase this
number by the addition of any sufficiently hauly
species I can obtain, either by purchase or favour. If
you will permit me to differ from you, I am rather
inclined to think that the study of systematic botany
has somewhat declined in this country — I mean as a
study by beginners, not by experts. For a time the
apparently superior fascinations of vegetable histology
and physiology have helped to lessen the number of
would-be systematists, but this falling off is no doubt
only temporary, and systematic botany will be the
better for it eventually, inasmuch as future students
will probably be in a position to approach the sutiject
with much more correct notions of morphology and
development, and of the essential bearing which such
knowledge has on the laws of classification than was
erstwhile the case. The splendid series of experi-
ments on the mixed herbage of permanent meadow
carried on for more than twenty years at Rolhamsted
have resulted in the accumulation of numerous valu-
able facts, which have recently been published ; yet
these results, which are of great value and signifi-
cance, are simply unintelligible to the majority ol the
farmers of this country, because they are totally
ignorant of systematic botany. To too many of them
one grass is the same as another, and X fear that at
least So per cent, of our farmers do not know as many
as four or five grasses even by sight. Plenty of room
for systematic botany 1 IV, Fream, College of Agri-
culture, Downlon, Splisbury.
The New Hybrid Hedychium. — That there
can be no possibility of any mistake having occurred
regarding the origin of the hybrid Hedychium noticed
in your last number, p. 492, the following statement
will show. At the time this cross was effected— viz.,
August, iSSo— there was no other Hedychium in flower
in the garden here but H. Gardnerianum. Flowers of
Hedychium angustifolium were brought from Hartree
by Professor Dickson, with which a spike of II.
Gardnerianum was fertilised. The flowers to which
the pollen was applied were all marked, and none
but those so marked set and ripened seed. There
can be no doubt, therefore, as to the origin of the
plant in question. Hedychium Gardnerianum, as
grown here — viz., in a cool house— never forms fruit,
unless artificially fertilised. Other Hedychium seed-
lings we have coming on, some of which we expect
will flower next season, and may also prove to be
hybrids, are the results of crosses effected in iSSi and
1SS2 between II. angustifolium x H. Gardnerianum,
H. coronarium x H. angustifolium, H. coronarium x
II. Gardnerianum. R. Lindsay, Curator, Royal
Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Jbilists' flouj^ra.
Cyclamen Perstcum.- So surely do we improve
in our cultural processes that feats of culture thought
to be almost impossible a few years since are common
to intelligent growers. This was the impression
which crossed our mind when looking through the
really splendid collection of Cyclamen persicum in
Messrs. Sutton & Sons' nursery at Reading a month
ago. Not long since it was thought absolutely neces-
sary, in order to have Cyclamens in flower fifteen
months after the lime of sowing, that the seed should be
sown not later thin August. But in the case of the
collection at Reading the seed was not sown until
November, 1SS2, and the result was seen in many
hundreds of plants, filling two or three small span-
roofed houses, all in 48-sized pDts, grand in
foliage, the plants averaging 9 to 15 inches in
diameter, and of the most robust character.
They commenced throwing up flowers in September,
but all were carefully removed until fire-heat
was applied a few days ago. It should be stated that
these plants had been well cared for at all stages. At
the best of times the seed of Cyclamen persicum ger-
minates slowly, and it also grows irregularly, and, as
in the case of seeds of the Auricula, &c., some will
germinate much quicker than others. There is this
advantage— that it enables the earliest plants to be
taken from the seed-pans, and pushed on into growth
with all dispatch. The practice at Reading is to put
the young plants singly into thumb-pots, but keeping
the small bulbs quite on the surface of the soil. The
soil used at the earlier stages is a good yellow loam
with plenty of leaf-mould and a liberal supply of
silver-sand. As the plants gain size less sand is used,
but leaf-mould is considered indispensable at all
stages. The seed plants are grown on into size in a
good warmth during spring, but they are not allowed
to become drawn ; they are placed as near the glass
as possible, but shaded when the sun shines warmly ;
the greatest care is taken that they do not become
infested with greenfly ; indeed they are brought on
rapidly, successfully, and in rude health. In May
they are shifted into 6o.sized pots, and in June into
flowering pots. The growth during August and
September is very free ; and they arc treated to occa-
sional doses of weak liquid manure, and in this way
are laid the foundations of the splendid plants alluded
to above. " The whole secret of successful Cyclamen
culture may be summed up in a few words ; constant
and unvarying heat, a moist atmosphere, and abun-
dant supplies of water without stagnation ; free circu
lation of air, avoiding cold draughts ; light in winter
shade in summer, with freedom from insect pests.
These conditions will keep the plants in vigorous
growth from first to last, and will produce specimens
of which the grower maybe proud. The result will
be so bountiful a bloom as to prove the soundness of
the rapid system of cultivation. This routine may be
varied by the experienced cultivator, but the prin-
ciples will remain the same in all cases, because the
natural constitution of the plant gives the key to the
management required." R. D,
The Carnation and Picotee : New Varie-
ties.— The growers of these charming sweet-scented
flowers are now very busy putting their plants in order
for the winter. The layers are mostly all rooted by
this time, and they must be carefully separated from
the parent plants and treated as advised at p. 429.
Those who have had some experience with the growth
of the Carnation and Picotee know well the difficulty
there is in getting the "grass" of some varieties to
• form roots at all. You have two varieties growing
side by side that have been layered at the same time,
say the first week in August ; in two months they
both show by their growth that they are rooted, but
on taking off the layers one sort will be perfectly
rooted and the other scarcely at all. At potting time
a very mild hotbed should be prepared, and all those
stubborn varieties that do not root well must be potted
in the same way as the others, but plunged in a gentle
bottom-heat. Now is the time to make any additions
to the collection that may be required ; the growers
pack them very carefully as they are removed from
the plants, with some moss round the roots and
wrapped up in paper ; a very large number of layers
can be packed in small boxes and be sent by parcels
post. If the plants are not ordered until the spring
they must then be sent in pots, and the expense of
carriage is much more ; besides, the trade growers
cannot be expected to be quite so careful, with their
thousands of layers to attend to, as an amateur with
only a frameful. Notwithstanding the very large
number of first-class varieties already in cultivation,
there are some sterling novelties now being sent out.
In the scarlet bizarre class there are no novelties to be
sent out this year, but as so many fine varieties have
been introduced during the last three years by Mr.
Dodwell, we can afford to wait. The best of
numerous family are Alfred Hudson, Arthur Meda.
hurst, Fred, George, Harry Turner, James Mcin-
tosh, and Robert Lord. In crimson bizarres Samuel
Barlow (Dodwell) is the best ; it will be an excellent
variety for the back row of an exhibition stand ; it is
of full size, very distinctly marked with purple and
crimson on a good white ground. Mephistopheles
(Dodwell) I think very highly of; it is the richest
colour of all this section, but there is not sufficient
white in it to please the fancy. Thomas Moore,
Jun., is a better variety for show purposes ; it resembles
its parent, Thomas Moore, very much, but is suffi-
ciently distinct. In pink and purple bizarres, Mr
Turner is sending out a grand acquisition in William
Skirving (Gorton) ; as this floweredjwiih me last year,
I thought it the best Carnation I had ever seen. The
form of the flower is first-rate, the colours bright,
regular, and well-defined. No collection should be
without this variety. Mrs. Anstiss (Dodwell), in
this class, is a flower that is sure to please. As exhi-
bited at Slough, it was not of the largest size, but is of
good quality and very richly coloured. These two quite
540
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 18S3,
make a revolution in this class, and contrast well
with the pale beauties, Sarah Payne and Falconbridge.
Purple-flakes have not had any real good additions
since Mr, Simonite introduced James Douglas. This
year we have Squire Whitbourn (Dodwell), a flower
of excellent properties ; it may not be of the largest
size, but in colour and form it is first-rate. Scarlet-
flakes receive three very important additions. Henry
Cannell I have grown, and consider it one of Mr.
Dodwell's best productions. It is of fine form, the
scarlet clean and the ground colour very fine. Figaro
and Matador, raised by Dr. Abercrombie, and both
now being sent out by Mr. Turner, are also good
additions to this class. They have taken the greatest
honours and highest prizes given by the National
Society ; the flowers are very large and full, and the
scarlet-flakes are very bright. In rose-flakes Tim
Bobbin (Gorton) is one of the most beautiful flowers
in its class. The petals are large, regularly disposed,
and well marked. Rob Roy, by the same raiser, has
even more distinctive properties ; it is of a deep
cherry-rose colour, form and quality first-rate. These
two are also being sent out by Mr. Turner.
In Picotees the heavy red edges receive a good
addition from the seed-bed of that veteran raiser the
Rev. Charles Fellowes. Monarch is a good large
flower, with a pure white ground colour. The rose
and scarlet edges are greatly improved by the new
additions. Esther Minnie (Dodwell) is first-rate in
every respect, the flowers of large size, quite pure, with-
out spot and bar. Mrs. Webb is quite distinct in its
way from any other ; it is one of the Rev. C. Fellowes'
seedlings, is of the largest size, with a salmon
coloured edge. This gained the first seedling prize in
its class, and First-class Certificate, at Slough. I
omitted to mention, in the review of the rose-flakes,
a very distinct and particularly pleasing flower named
Dorothy. The colour is too pale to suit the taste of
the Northern growers, but it is of great value as a
variety even in a class containing Tim Bobbin and
Rob Roy. It reminds one of Mrs. F. Burnaby, sent
out by Mr. Turner. Dorothy is one of Mr. Dodwell's
productions, f. Dous^las.
little moment, for were afiforestation carried on there
with spirit and enterprise the present stocks of suitable
trees and underwood in the hands of the trade would
not supply a tithe of the quantity that would be re-
quired ; so that, in the case of Oak, Chestnut,
Horse Chestnut, Walnut of sorts, seed must be
utilised. To prevent ravages from vermin, these
seeds would have to be coated with some poisonous
or nauseous compound. These few short replies to
the objections put forward will, I hope, be of service
in removing any doubts as to the efficacy of some of
the practical methods advocated in the paper on Irish
Forests. M.
Indian Forests. — The total area of the Govern-
ment forests of India with which the Forest Depart-
ment is concerned extends over 71,972 square miles.
The most valuable forests are the Teak forests of
Burma, which are now under the control of the
Government, without prejudice to the rights of the
natives. The forest products (other than timber)
exported from India in 1881— 1882 were :— Of caout-
chouc, 534 tons; shellac, 4324 tons; lac-dye 251
tons; cutch and Gambler, 9944 ; Myrabolans, 19,578
tons ; and of Teak, 56,377 tons of 50 cubic feet each.
These figures are taken from Dr. Schlich's Review
of the Forest Administration of India for the Year
1881-82. The review in question commences with a
well merited eulogy on the services of Dr. Brandis,
who has lately retired from the duties of Inspector-
General of Forests, as already noted by us ; then
follow numerous statistical abstracts of the highest
utility to those interested in the progress of Indian
forestry, the development of the resources of the
country, and the welfare of the inhabitants. The
appendix contains the regulations in force regarding
the appointment and promotion of forest officers.
The total receipts of the Forest Department for the
year in all the provinces of India are given as
6,315,434 rupees, the expenditure as 3,926,654 rupees,
leaving a surplus of 2,388,780 rupees.
FOI^ESTJ^Y.
Irish Forests. — That valued contributor to the
pages of the Gardeners'' Chronicle, Mr. Murphy, whilst
acknowledging the value of the hints given in that
paper a fortnight previously, finds some few faults with
the methods of planting therein advocated. In the
first place he states it to be his opinion, that cultivated
land would never be utilised for the growth of timber.
But is it not a fact, that much of cold uplying land,
especially on the northern slopes of the hills, and un-
drained but not undrainable land in Ireland could be
made to grow timber trees and valuable underwood ?
The produce of much of such land now under
some sort of cultivation by cotter or proprietor, must
be so small and insignificant — the result of continued
cropping, with consequent exhaustion from the non-
application of manures or from the insufficiency of the
dressings combined in some instances with adverse cli-
matic influences — that it would be better to put it under
a timber crop at once. Such land would grow suit-
able kinds of trees, when it could no longer grow re-
munerative crops of Potatos or Oats. On such land,
if suitable. Oak could be dibbled in, as the soil is
probably bare of herbage, and could therefore easily
be kept clean for two or three seasons, till the trees
topped the dwarfer weeds, the tall ones being cut
down twice annually. As regards the difference of
time between sowing and planting that would just
amount to nothing to the future proprietor, eighty or
one hundred years hence, when the trees will have
reached or be approaching maturity, and he commences
to fell, the most promising trees then being selected.
As a matter of fact a tree at fifteen years old from
seed will be ahead of the planted ones that were
three or four years old at the time of planting, sup-
posing planting and sowing were done at the same
time. It is usually maintained that seedlings, which
have not had their tap-roots severed, as nursery stuff
often is, are firmer in the ground than those, and
better able to withstand the winds, which is another
reason for this method. There would not be more
losses on seed-sown land than on planted, and if there
were, they would not involve so much loss of money,
and they could be cheaply resown. Mr. Murphy's com-
plaint that nurseries are full of trees is really of but
STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON,
For the Week ending Wednesday, October 24, 1883.
I
Barometer.
Temperature of
THE Air.
Hygrome-
trica! De-
ductions
from
Glaisher's
Tables 6th
Edition.
Wind.
J
<
0
be
III
Pi yfcE.
1
1
!
c
So
s
c
S'o
0*
R
II
i
<
Pi
Oct.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
In.
29.59
»9S5
29.70
29.85
29.56
29.62
In.
-(-0.l8
— O.Il
—0.16
— O.OI
-^o.I4
—0.15
— aog
56.5
55 .0
S1.0
S4.2
49.0
56.0
58.0
41.2
4S.0
39-5
39.0
39.0
37.0
42.5
IS -3
10.0
"S
.5.2
to.o
19 0
•SS
48 .5
49-3
44.8
46 .5
43.6
48.0
50.8
— i.a
— 0.2
— 45
-2.5
-S-i
-..3
+ 2.9
38.9
47.0
37.6
38.4
38.3
44.2
46.S
69
87
76
WNW
s.w.
S.W.
w.
N.W. :
WNW
WSW
SW :
S.S.W.
In.
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.03
0.00
003
0.02
Mean
29.68
—0.03
54-3
40.5
i3.8 47-4[- 1.641.6] 79
w.
0.20
Oct. 18. — Fine day, very rough wind, moon shining occasion-
ally at night.
— 19. — Very dull day, slight rain falling from 8.45 A.M. till
6 K.M. Fine night.
— 20. — Fine day, dull. Fine, clear, cold night.
— 21. — Fine day ; cloudy at 4 p.m., with rain. Rain again
at 6 P.M. Fine afterwards.
— 22. — Fine day, but dull and cold. Fine, cold, dark night.
— 23. — Dull morning, tain till 9.30 A.M.. then fine: few
gleams of sunshine at times. Dark sky. Fine
night.
^ 24. — Fine bright morning, dull afternoon. RainingsUghtly
in the evening.
increased to 29.77 inches by midnight on the same
day, and was 29.74 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.73 inches, being 0.46 inch lower than
last week, and 0.15 inch below the average of the
week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 64°. 8, on the 14th ; the highest
reached on the 20th was 51°. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 57°.8.
The lowest temperature was 39°.5, on the 20th ;
on the l6th the lowest temperature was 50°. The
mean of the seven low night temperatures was 45°. I .
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
1 7°. 8, on the 14th ; and the smallest was 9°. 2, on the
16th. The mean of the seven daily ranges was I2°.7.
The mean temperatures were — on October 14,
55°.7 ; on the 15th, 52°.6 ; on the i6th, 54°.5 ; on
the 17th, 52°. I ; on the i8th, 48^.5 ; on the 19th,
49°.3 ; and on the 20th, 44'.8 ; of these the first four
were above their averages by 5°.3, 2°.4, 4°.5, and
2°. 3 respectively, and the last three were below by
i°.2, o°.2, and 4''.5 respectively.
The mean temperature was 5i°.i, being o°.7 lower
than last week, and i°,2 above the average of tie
week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 1 11°. 5, on the 14th. The mean of the seven
readings was 9S°.S.
The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb on short grass was 33°, on the 20th.
The mean of the seven readings was 37°. 8,
Rain. — Rain fell on five days, to the amount of
I inch.
England : Temperature.— Daring the week ending
October 20 the highest temperatures were 64°. 8 at
Blackheath, 64°.2 at Cambridge, and 63°.3 at Notting-
ham ; the highest at Bolton was 56°.!, at Preston
58°, and at Wolverhampton 58°.5. The general mean
was 6o°.6.
The lowest temperatures were 34°. I at Wolverhamp-
ton, 37°.2 at Nottingham, and 38° at Hull ; the lowest
at Plymouth was 45°. 3, at Truro 45°, and at Bristol
43°. The general mean was 40°. 4.
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 26 .1 at Nottingham, 25°.3 at Blackheath, and
24°.4 at Wolverhampton ; the smallest ranges were
15° at Truro, IS°.7 at Plymouth, and l6°.3 at Liver-
pool. The general mean was 20°. 2.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures were
58°.7 at Plymouth, 5S°.5 at Cambridge, and 57°.8 at
Truro and Blackheath ; and were lowest at Bolton,
5i°.6, at Liverpool 53°.3, and at Bradford 53°.7.
The general mean was 55°>^-
The means of the seven low night temperatures were
highest at Truro, 48°.7, at Plymouth 48°.!, and at
Brighton 46°. 9 ; and were lowest at Wolverhampton,
40°.4, at Sunderland 42".6, and at Nottingham
42°. 7. The general mean was 44°. 9.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Wolverhampton, 14°, at Nottingham I3°.8, and
at Blackheath I2°.7; and were least at Bolton, 7°.8,
at Liverpool 8°, and at Preston 8°.8. The general
mean was 10°. 7.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro and
Plymouth, 52°.3, at Cambridge 5i°.6 ; and was lowest
at Wolverhampton, 46°.4, at Bolton 46°, 7, and at
Sunderland 47°.5. The general mean was 49°.3,
jRain.— The largest|falls were— 3. 42 inches at Bolton,
2.6i inches at Preston, and 2.45 inches at Liverpool ;
the smallest falls were 0.60 inch at Sunderland, 0.79
inch at Cambridge, and i inch at Wolverhampton,
The general mean fall was 1.79 inch.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing October 20 the highest temperature was 59°. 5, at
Glasgow ; at Aberdeen the highest^ in the week
was 55°. I. The general mean was 57°. 8.
The lowest temperature in the week was 35°,
at Perth ; at Glasgow and Paisley the lowest tem-
perature was 39°. 5. The general mean was 37°. 7.
The mean temperature was highest at Edinburgh,
47°.5 ; and lowest at Glasgow, 46°.6. The general
mean was 47°. i.
Rain.— The largest fall was 3.47 inches, at
Greenock ; and the smallest was 0.95 inch at Dun-
dee. The general mean fall was 1.88 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending October 20 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea decreased from 30.06 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29.71 inches by midnight
on the 14th, increased to 29 79 inches by 9 a.m. on
the iSth, decreased to 29.42 inches by 9 a.m. on the
i6th, increased to 29.51 inches by midnight on the
same day, decreased to 29. 46 inches by 9 a. M. on the
17th, increased to 30. 16 inches by midnight on the
i8th, decreased to 29.59 inches by 3 p.m. on the 19th,
"The Tropical Agriculturist." — This is
a monthly record of information for planters.of Coffee,
Tea, Cocoa, Cinchona, sugar, india-rubber. Palms,
and other products suited for cultivation in the tropics,
and published at Ceylon (Colombo), by Messrs. A.
M. & J. Ferguson. Apart from matters of local
interest, it contains numerous extracts from American
and English journals, appropriately selected and
honestly acknowledged. A full index to each volume
renders it easy to find information on any particular
subject.
October 27, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
541
Variorum.
The Effect of Lightning on Trees. — Our
Geneva correspondent writes: — "The frequency of
thunderstorms in Switzerland this summer (we have,
on an average, two a week) has afforded Professor
Colladon, of Geneva — a great authority on electricity
and meteorology — ample opportunityjof continuing his
observations on the effect of lightning on trees and
vegetation generally. He has ascertained that when
lightning strikes a tree it leaves very few marks of iis
passage on the upper part and middle of the trunk, a
peculiarity which he ascribes to the fact of those parls
being more impregnated with sugar — a good con-
ductor— than the lower part. As the electric fluid
descends to the neighbourhood of the heavier branches,
where there is less saccharine matter, it tears open the
bark, and in many instances shivers the tree. It is
no uncommon thing to find the lower part of a tree
literally cut by the lightning, while the upper portion
and the higher branches seem to have suffered hardly
at all. Oaks, however, would appear to present an
exception to this rule, for they are often found with
tops quite [blasted, and the passage of the lightning
lower down marked by a gouge-like furrow. These
furrows sometimes go completely round the tree like
a screw, the reason of which, says Professor Col-
ladon, is that the lightning follows the cells of which
the bark is composed lengthwise, and in certain sorts
of wood these cells are disposed spirally. A curious
effect of lightning on Vines is that it invariably strikes
a great many Vine-stocks at the same time over a
space, for the most part circular, from 8 metres to
25 metres in diameter, and containing, therefore,
several hundred Vines. The plants most affected are
those in the centre of the circle, and the number of
burnt and yellowed leaves diminish in proportion to
their distance from that point. In July two vineyards
in this canton were struck by lightning, and the first
idea of their proprietors, on seeing their shrivelled
Vines, was that a still more dreaded foe. Phylloxera,
had been at work ; but when the Professor was called
in he speedily enlightened them as to the true cause
of the mischief, and, in proof of his diagnosis, pointed
out that the ground in the centre of the circle was
strewn with torn leaves and freshly-broken twigs."
Times,
Quinces in Sugar. — Peel the fruits, cutting out
the core and the hard part ; boil them till tender,
but avoid cooking till they break; to every ten fruits
boil half-a-pound of sugar in a copper pan in half-a-
pint of water till it will drop from a spoon in heavy
drops ; strain the water from the Quinces, and lay
them in the sugar, and let them simmer for a quarter
of an hour ; take them out, and place in dishes or
forms ; boil the sugar a little longer, and pour it then
over the fruit ; if it should be insufficient in quantity,
add a little more sugar and water, and boil it again
for a short time. Tie down when cold.
Stewed Quinces. — Peel the fruit, and cut the
cores and the whole of the hard portion clean away ;
boil them slowly in water till they are soft, then take
a copper pan, some loaf-sugar in enough water to
cover them, add a little cinnamon and the rind of a
Lemon : let this cook for half an hour, and when the
Quinces are soft lay them in it, and let the whole
simmer for a quarter of an hour, and serve up.
The Botanic Stand. — Under this heading Mr.
Twining publishes an account of a stage which
he has constructed with a view to cultivate in pots
representatives of the various natural orders of plants.
A " botanic garden " may thus be formed and tended
by ladies and others to whom stooping and other dis-
comforts attendant upon gardening are serious objec-
tions. The stage is set up in some convenient spot
in the garden, supported on an iron fence or other-
wise. Most of the plants are grown in 32-pots, and
provided with labels. On a stand 90 feet long Mr.
Twining manages to cultivate about 120 — 130 repre-
sentatives of some eighty natural orders of British plants.
An amateur with a turn for botany might clearly
secure to himself much pleasurable occupation by this
method, and even be enabled to throw light upon the
constancy or otherwise of certain "critical" forms,
A list of the British plants cultivated for the purposes
above mentioned is added to the pamphlet, which
may be had of David Bogue, 3, St. Martin's Place,
Trafalgar Square. In the Florence Botanic Garden
a similar plan was adopted on a large scale on the
terraces of the garden.
^nqv
He that questiojttik much sitall learn much.— \i\coti.
Heating by Acet.\te of Soda. — Some time last
winter 1 saw an account in your columns of a system of
heating railway carriages adopted by the London and
North-Western Railway by means of tin vessels filled with
acetate of soda crystals. These crystals, when melted,
retaining a great amount of latent heat, take therefore a
longer time to cool than hot water, and thence the advan-
tage for heating purposes. It was at the same time sug-
gested that the system might be advantageously employed
lor heating small conservatories, and as the time is coming
on for considering these matters, I should be mucli
obliged if you could inform me where information as to
the practical working of the system might be obtained.
Laicus. I We know nothing of the cost of this method
of heating, and do not consider it suitable for healinj;
on anything but a small scale — say keeping the frost out
of a sniall frame or window plant case. Ed.J
Answers to Correspondents.
Celery Leak Maggot : A'. C. E. H. All you can
do is to watch the plants in the earlier stages of their
growth, and kill the maggots by pressing them be-
tween the forefinger and thumb before they have had
time to do much mischief.
Fungus : T. S. P. The name of the woody fungus
from the foot of the Hawthorn hedge is Polypus anno-
sus, Fr. It is by no means confined to the Larch.
W. G. S.
Lily of the Valley : Convallaria. You seem to
have a sufficiency of pipe for bottom-heat, as the Lilies
produce stouter bloom-spikes when not forced in a
higher bottom-heat than 90'. You can regulate that
by the distance kept between pipes and root-boxes.
We do not ascertain from your letter if the flues are
going to be retained ; if not, you will require some
means of top-heating, either by making provision to
let out some of the heat from the bed, or by using
more pipes in place of the flues. If you add to the
piping, your boiler ought to be larger. Your mulch-
ing the Lily is proper treatment, and the bottom-heat
should be steady, not varying more than 2" either way.
The other details of treatment are correct.
Magnolia Not Blooming: H. S. Neither budding
nor grafting will help you. The plant must have made
a vigorous growth at some time or other to have
covered the side of the Hall in twenty years, and we
suspect the roots have exhausted the soil. If you
have not been in the habit of applying any stimulants
we would advise you to remove from g to 12 inches of
the soil above the roots, and apply a thorougli good
soaking of Uquid manure, replacing the soil when
done. You should do this every year at about this
time. Old-established plants growing against walls
require more ol such treatment than gardeners gene-
rally give them.
Names of Fruits: D. H. S., Mitchatn. i. Pear .-
Vicar of Winkfield ; 3, Bishop's Thumb ; ir, Frencli
Crab ; 12, Rymer ; 16, Yorkshire Greening. Others
notknown : mere scrubs. — Thos. Newton. 2. Orange
Goff; 3. Pitmaston Golden Pippin; 4, Nelson Cod-
lin ; 6, Alfriston. — C. M. Cockle Pippin. ~ George
Duffield. I, Round Winter Nonsuch ; 2, not recog-
nised.—^TOt^m/^r^f. I, Golden Noble ; 2, Blenheim
Orange ; 3, Reinette de Canada ; 5. King of the
Pippins ; 7, Rosemary Russet ; 8, Brabant Bellefleur.
Pear: Uvedale's St. Germain.— W. L. i, Nonsuch ;
2, not recognised ; 3, King of the Pippins ; 4,
Alfriston ; 5, Fearn's Pippin ; 6, Winter Peach.—
A. T. S. 10. Hanwell Souring; 11, Hollandbury ;
13, Beauty of Kent ; 14, Braddick's Nonpareil ; 15,
Warner's King ; 16, Scarlet Nonpareil ; 17, Sturmer
Pippin; 19. Sam Young ; 20, Fearn's Pippin. Others
not recognised : all handsome. — Thomas Wood-
ford. Pear : Chaumontelle ; 3, Scariet Russet ; 4.
Dutch Mignonne ; 5. Hollandbury. Others not recog-
nised : No. I is sweet and distinct.— j?. Allen. 3,
Minchall Crab ; 4, Margil. Others not recognised.—
P. S. G. I, Queen Caroline; 2, M^re de Mi5nage ;
3, Rymer ; 4, Court of Wick ; 5. Cox's Orange Pip-
pin ; 6, Besspool; 7, Sturmer Pippin. — S. H. M. H.
I, American Mother ; 3, Dr. Harvey ; 5, Blenheim
Orange ; 6, Scarlet Nonpareil. — George Wood. Apple:
Gloria ^\\yxi^\.— Alfred N. Jones. Pears: i, Doy-
enne Boussoch ; 3. Fondante d'Automne ; 4, Flemish
Beauty. Others not recognised.
Names of Plants : J. Davidson. The true Virginian
Creeper (Ampelopsis virginiana). — E. M., Neivport.
The white variety of Escallonia rubra. — J. E. Gribbte.
Hibiscus Trionum.— -4 . Nesbitt. Probably Cistus cre-
ticus. — Lindsay. Pleroma macranlhum. — R. E.
3, Avena elatior, sometimes called Arrhenatherum ; 4,
Daucus Carota. The others next week.— 5., S. i and 2,
next week ; 3, Dabeocia polifoha ; 4, the white variety
of 3 ; 5, Escallonia macrantha. — J. W. C. The
Bladder Cherry (Physalis Alkekengi).— C. D. Avena
pratensis. — C. H. D. A Kniphofia, which we cannot
name unless you send a better specimen with leaf and
information as to habit, &c. — E. B. Lees. A viviparous
state of some grass, possibly Dactylis glomerata. — N,
Evershed. Rudbeckia pinnata. — Gilbert Sleep. Gaura
Lindheimeri and Nephrodium dilatatum.— ^/f.r. Reed.
Pedicularis palustris or P. sylvatica, we cannot say
which without flowers. — H. Rogers. HymenocalUs
patens ?
Plant Label : W. M. G. A very good label, which
we will illustrate in a week or two.
PiUMULAS : T. R. A strain of Chiswick Red, and by
no means the best we have seen.
Single Dahlia : C. P. The blue shaded variety we
should hardly consider worth a name, thougli bold and
effective in colour. We will inquire about the other
tilings.
TiXOMA jASMINOIDES : Afrs. H. J. C. The "disease"
.seems to us to be only the decay of Nature, some of
the leaves being about to drop off. You should treat
the plant as a climber, and if you can plant it out in a
border, in moderately good soil, you need have little
anxiety as to its not growing freely.
\* All communications intended for publication shoul<I
be addressed to the " Editor," and not to the Publisher
or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor
would also be obliged by such communications being
■writ/en on one side only of the paper and sent as early
in the week as possible. Correspondents sending
newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs
they wish the Editor to see.
Intelligent Readers, please note : — Letters re-
lating to Advertisements, or to the supply 0/ the
Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not
to the Editor.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Dickson & Robin.son, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester —
Roses.
Tames Cocker & Sons, Sunnypark, Aberdeen— Roses.
P. J. Perry, Banbury — General Outdoor Nm^sery Stock.
H. Strauss, Ehrenfeld, near Cologne— Palm Seeds,
&c.
M. BRtJANT, Poitiers, France — Fruit Trees, Forest
Trees, &c.
F. W. & H. Stansfield, Sale, near Manchester^
Alpine Plants, British, Hardy Exotic, and Green-
house Ferns.
Isaac Matthews & Son, Stoke-upon-Trent, Stafford
— Trees, Shrubs, &c.
W. Smith and Son, Kintore, N.B. — Select Lists of
Roses and General Nursery Stock.
J. Cheal and Sons, Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley —
Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees, and Shrubs, &c.
Communications Received.— J. V. & Sons. — G. B. L.—
T. S. P.— Pope & SoD5.— J. F., York.— S. C. & Co.-
C. S. Fuidge.— S. B. O.-R. B.-H. E.-I. O. W.-J. H.—
W. R. — J. J. W.— P. Marchand.— J. D.— E. B. — Dr.
Wallace. —A. R. — M. J. T. — R. E.— B. S.— C. P.—
H, Correvon.— T. L.-G. H.— R. Pfau.— E. P.-A. Van
Geert.-T. M.— G. P.-K. B.-J. B. & Son.-C. W. D.
COVENT GARDEN, Oclobcr 25.
[The subjoined leports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
men, who revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week preceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.]
The supply of hothouse fruit continues equal to the
demand, and prices remain about the same. The best
quality Apples reahse last week's quotations, but poor
qualities meet with a slow sale.
Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case.. 2J o- 30 o
Melons, each ,. 10-^0
Peaches, per doz. .. 2 0-12 o
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 30-50
Fruit.-
Apples, 5^-sieve . . 10-30
Cobs, per 100 lb. ..100 o-ti6 o
Figs, per dozen . . 10-
Grapes, per lb. . . 10-30
Vegetables- Average Retail Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz 3 o* 5 o
Beans, French, lb... o 6- ..
— Scarlet, per lb. . . 03- . .
Beet, per doz. .. 10- ..
Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-20
Carrots, per bun. . . 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen . . z o- 3 o
Celery, per bundle . . 16-26
Cucumbers, each . . 04-08
Endive, English, per
dozen . . ..10-..
Garlic, per lb. ..10-..
Herbs, per bunch . . 03-04
PoTATOS. — Kent Kidneys, £4 to C^ ^os. per ton ; do. , Regents,
^^3 10s. to £i ics. ; Champions, £^ los. to jCi i$s. per ton.
Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Horse Radish, bund. ■^ o- 4 o
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . ..10-,.
— Cos, per dozen., i 6- ..
Mint, green, bunch.. 06- ..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch . . 06- . .
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Parsley, per bunch.. 04-..
Radishes, per doz. .. i 6- ..
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
Tomatos, per lb. . . o 6- o g
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each o z- o 4
J. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldii, doz.iz 0-24 o
Arbor-vitae (golden),
per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o
— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per doz. .. 40-90
Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Bouvardia, doz. ..12 o~i8 o
Caladiums, per doz. 6 0-24 o
Cbrysanth., per doz. 6 0-18 o
Coleus, dor 20-60
Dracaena leim. doz. 30 0-60 o
— viridis, per doz... 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, do?. 9 0-18 o
Euonymus, various,
per doxen . . . . 9 o~'8 o
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o
d. %. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Fob age Plants, vari-
ous, each . . . . 2 D-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90
Liliums, various, per
dozen .. ..12 0-30 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..8 0-12 o
Mignonnette, doz. .. 40-60
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms in varicty.each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . a o- 6 o
Solanums, per dozen 8 0-15 o
542
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 1883.
Cut Flowers. — Average Wholesale Prices.
Abutilon, I2 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 4
Asters, 12 bunches.. 4
— French, per bun. 3
Azalea, white, 12 spr. 1
Bouvardias, per bun. i
Camellias, per doz. . . 3
Carnations, 12 blms. i
— 12 bunches . . 3
Chrysinth , 12 blms. 2
— 12 bunches .. 4
Cornflower, 12 bun., i
Cyclan-sen, 12 blooms o
Dahlias, 12 bun- .. 3
Eucharis, per doz. . . 4
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 4
Gladioli, 12 spikes.. 1
Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . . . . 3
— red, 12 blooms., i
Lilac, white Fr., bun. 8
0-40
0-60
0-12 o
0-40
0-20
o- 1 f
0-60
0-30
0-60
c- 6 o
c- 9 o
6-40
3-06
0-60
0-60
0-60
■ 6 o
■ 3 o
s, d. s. d.
Liliums, 12 blooms.. 06-16
Marguerites, 12 bun. 60-90
Mignonette, 12 bun. 20-60
Myosotis, or Forget-
mfi-not, p. 12 bun. 20—66
Pansies, 12 bunches 09-10
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 10-10
— zonal, 12 sprays 03-06
Primula, double, bun. 10-10
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60
— (outdoor), 12 bun. 30-63
— coloured, doz. .. 3 c- 8 6
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 40-60
Sweet Peas, 12 bua. 20-40
Tropxolum, 12 bun. 10-20
Tuberoses, per doz,. 10-20
Violets, 12 bundles.. 10-16
— French, per bun. i c- i 6
— Parme, per bun. 4 c- 5 o
Wallflower, 12 bun.. 30-40
White Jasmine, bun. 06-10
SEEDS.
London : Oct. 24. — The seed market to-day presented
no feature either of novelty or interest. Red Clover
seed keeps firm, but the transactions therein are few.
The crop in Canada is said to promise badly. In white
Clover seed the tendency is upwards, but Trefoils are
neglected. Winter Tares meet a retail demand at late
rates. Choice blue Peas do not offer freely — stocks are
getting into narrow compass. Feeding Linseed is rather
easier. John Shaw ^ Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark
Lane, London, E,C.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday business in Wheat was
confined to forced sales at very uneven prices, all more
or less under the rates currently required. Flour was
also adversely affected by excess of supply, and prices
were weak. Fine malting Barley was firm, whilst grind-
ing descriptions were 6d. cheaper on the week, with a
dull sale. Beans were rather easier. New Peas were
quoted 331. to 39^. Maize was 3^. lower on the week
for fiat corn. In Oats common Russian declined -^d. on
the week. — On Wednesday trade in Wheat was restricted,
with prices too irregular to quote with certainty. Flour
was dull and drooping. The trade in Barley was slack ;
but fine malting descriptions were firm. Round Maize
was rather firmer ; flat corn unchanged. The Oat trade
was slow, without material change in prices. — Average
prices of corn for the week ending Oct. 20 : — Wheat,
40J. 5^. ; Barley, 34^. 6d.; Oats, igr. iid. For the
corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 391. jd. ;
Barley, 34J. c^d. ; Oats, 19J. (^d.
CATTLE.
At Copenhagen Fields on Monday there was very
little change in llie beast market as regards choice quali-
ties, but middling and plain cattle were an extremely
difficult sale. Sheep were in scanty supply, and in some
cases rather better prices were obtained, but the im-
provement was not general. Canadians sold at 5^. d>d.
to 6s. Bat few calves were on offer, and quotations in a
great measure nominal. Pigs were quoted rather lower.
Quotations; — Beasts, 4^. to 5^-. ^d,, and 5^. 81/. to
6j-. ; calves, 51'. to 6s. Qd.; sheep, 5j-, 6d. to 6s., and
6r. iO(/. to ys. .\d. ;"pigs, 4J. to 4s. Bd. — Thursdays trade
was very quiet. Both beasts and sheep met a dragging
sale, and prices remained much about the same as on
Monday, but with a weak tendency. Calves were in de-
mand at full prices, but pigs were dull.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that the
supplies were large, with a dull trade, especially for
Clover. Quotations : — Prime old Clover, 1005. to iiS-r. ;
inferior, 6or. to j$s. ; prime second cut, 905. to ioSj. ;
best meadow hay, Soj. to 90^. ; inferior, 40^. to 65J. ;
and straw, 30-r. to 401. per load. — On Thursday there was
a good supply, and trade was very dull at late rates. —
Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior meadow hay,
78J. to 90J. ; inferior, 60s. to 70^. ; superior Clover, 105J.
to II2J. ; inferior, yos. to 88j, ; and straw, 36^. to 40s.
per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that fair supplies were on offer, and met a moderate
demand. Quotations : — Magnum Bonums, Soi-. to iooj. ;
Regents, 8oj-. to 100s. ; Champions, 60s. to 8oj. ; Roses,
60s. to 70J. per ton. — The imports into London last
week consisted of 12 bags from Rotterdam, 400 Antwerp,
142 Amsterdam, 34 Ostend, 42 Boulogne, 4576 bags
18 casks Hamburgh, 340 tons Roscoff, and 80 tons from
St. Michaels.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — Bebside West Hartley, i5j-. 9^^. ; East
Wylam, 17J. ; Walls End — Hetton. 19^. and i8j. ;
Hetton Lyons, 17J. and i6r, ; Lambton, iSj. 6d. and
ijs. 6d. ; Wear, tjs. and i6j. ; Caradoc, i8x. ; Tees,
iSs.
SPECIAL OFFER OF
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES.
SHOW VARIETIES, all the best sorts.
BORDER VARIETIES, lo name, a selection of line free-
flowering and distinct coloured varieties.
BORDER VARIETIES, unnamed, all good double varieties.
TREE VARIETIES, the leading sorts.
NEW WHITE CLOVE, Gloire de Nancy.
Special piices (for immediate delivery) on application, to
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries. Tottenham London.
NEW LILIUM HARRISII (True).
We were the introducers of this distinct and
floriferous variety of L. eximium last year.
Extract from Gardeners' Chronicle : — " Lilium Harrisii. — We
have received a two-flowered stem of this Lily from Messrs.
Watkins & Simpson, who introduced it into the London market,
and which is the second flower-stem produced this season in
the manner described by Mr. Clausen, at p. 53, by a second-
sized bulb in the possession of Mr. Walker, of Whitton, near
Hounslow. The flowers are very fine, and evidence seems to
be accumulating that it is distinct from L. longiflorum, or at
least a well-marked variety of that species. It does not appear
lo do well out-ofdoors, preferring the shelter of a cool green-
house ; and it stands forcing well.
" JF£ understand tluii one of ilic most extensive groovers of
plants for market has given a large order Jar bidbsforforcijig
fiext sfiT-ifig."
Price of Bulbs of the above and many other Lilies
on application to
WATKINS & SIMPSON,
Seed & Bulb Merchants. Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at ioi§ lo loi;^ for both delivery and the account. The
figures of Tuesday and Wednesday were loi^- to ioi|
for delivery, and ioi| to loii for the account : there was
no alteration to record at the close on Thursday.
ANTHONY WATE R ER
Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK:—
HOLLIES. Common Green, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, S to^
„ laurifolia. ditto. [10 feet high.
,, Hodpins', 3. 4, 5 to S feet.
„ myrtifolia ditto \^ thousands.
,, Saw-leaved, ditto. '
„ Scottica, 3 to 8 feet.
„ Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others. ^
„ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 ft.
„ Waterer's, splendid plants, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feet, S to 15 feet
in circumference.
„ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of
beautiful specimens.
,, Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful
heads, ten to fifteen year's growth, hundreds.
,, New Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 7 feet, many
thousands.
YEWS. Common, 3. 4, 5, 6, to 10 feet, thousands.
,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards. In point
of variety and size unequalled.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIKIDIS, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 8 feet,
thousands.
,, Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5.6, 7. 8, to
10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and
5 feet hii;h, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7. 8. and 10 feet high.
PICEA PINSAPO. 6 to 8 feet.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, and 8 feet.
Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.
NEW STRAWBERRY,
ABERDEEN FAVOURITE.
Certificate of Merit Royal Horticultural Society, Aberdeen,
September 14, 1S83.
First-class Certificate North of Scotland Horticultural Associa-
tion, September 21, 1883.
This variety is a very free and continuous bearer, commencing
to fruit early in July, and producing a succession of large,
handsome, well coloured fruit vintil the middle of September.
Baskets of this variety were pulled as Lite as September 21. It
has taken the first place in the market here for flavour, produc-
tiveness, size, and shape. 5^. 6i. per ico, post-free. Early
enquiry necessaiy to ensure a supply.
CONNON & KBID,
SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS, ABERDEEN.
We can also offer the other leading varieties.
ENGLISH and CHICHESTER ELMS,
FOR IMMEDIATE EFFECT.
TNG. JEFFERIES AND SONS offer a few
O extra large ENGLISH and CHICHESTER ELMS
16 to 18 feet, fine straiahl stems, at 421. per dozen.
JNO. JEFFERIES and SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.
N EW EARLY RHUBARB,
Charles Kershaw's *' Paragon."
This is unquestionably the finest variety of Rhubarb ever
offered ; in mild seasons it is ready to pull in February. The
crowns and stalks are produced in such profusion that more
than twice the weight can be pulled from this than from any
other sort. The colour is a splendid red, flavour excellent, and
it has this qualification over all others, it never seeds.
PRICE-per Plant, Is. 6d. ; per Dozen, IBs.
Price to the Trade on apf'licxtion.
For Testimonials and all other information, see back page
of Gardener^' Chronicle for October 13. May be had of
all the principal Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, or direct from
CHARLES KERSHA-W,
THE SLEAD SYKE NURSERIES,
BRIGHOUSE.
GOLDEN EUONYMUS, 10,000, good
bushy stuff for pots, 12 to 15 inches, 25J. per 100 ; 15 to
2r inches, 35^. per 100.
THUIA AUREA. do., 15 to i8 Inches, 50J. per 100.
PASSIFLORACa-:RULEA, single pots, 6 to 12 inches, 12^.
per 100. Terms cash. Address
PHILLIPS AND CO., The Torbury Nurseries. Torquay.
Ebododendrons and Azaleas.
ISAAC DAVIES and SON have 100,000
RHODODENDRONS to offer this season, including first-
cUss Hybrids, from i to 4 feet high, and the choicest named
kind=, mostly well-budded, as well as Sweet-scented, and other
Novelties of their own raising. 5o,cod AZALEA MOLLIS and
other choice Azaleas, and a fine general NURSERY STOCK,
all extra transplanted and in fine condition for removal.
Descriptive CATALOGUE with prices on application.
Brook Lane Nursery, Oiinskirk, Lancashire.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
t,d. per bushel ; loo for 255. : truck (loose, about 2 torn),
40J ; 4-bushel bags, ^d. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, is. id. per sack
5 sacks, 25J ; sacks, i,d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 221. ; sacks,
^d. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, ^s. gd. per bushel ; 151. per half
ton, 25s. per ton ; in 2 bushel bass, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 3i. 6d. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS,&c. Write forFree
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants, &c.. £6 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 15s. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s ; 5 Bags,
2;s. 6rf. ; 10 Bags, 45s. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
10s. 6d. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, ^21. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWO RK, £s per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, zss. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, &c,, of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Light or
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tons, 48J.
each. Selected PEAT, 35. persack. SILVER SAND and LEAF
MOULD, Sd. per bushel. Sacks, 6d. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAMBERT. Ringwood.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, &c.
Superior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 4s. 6d. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from 5J. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from 61. per sack.
LOAM, Yellow Fibrous, is. per bushel,
LEAF MOULD, best, is. per busheh
PEAT MOULD, is. per bushel.
SILVER SAND. Coarse, is. 6d. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, qd. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, homed, per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. 6d. per bag ; per truck-
load of about 2 tons, 35s.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 4s. 611'. per bag.
VIRGIN CORK, i8s. per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 34, Glengarry Road, East Dvawlch, S.E.
SILVER HE0AH99I. BROIIIEMEDAl-1961.
To His
Royal
Highness
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHTTBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Ab3olutelv Pure. Free from any
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '" Laguna" Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following :— From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales : "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 18S3. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants. &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLTJGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Bordering to Flower Beds. Combines ■warmth
arid cleanliness with valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
IS. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 13s.; 15 sacks, i8,r. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ;
30 sacks, 305. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory,— Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find ir
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita^
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from th''
Manufacturers, CHDBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, Millwall, LondoD, E.
October 27, 1SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
543
KEITH'S PATENT HOT-WATER BOILERS.
Can be heighten'id or lowered, or made to suit any retiuire-
ments. Tliey stand complete in themselves, and require no
Liuilding work, being wholly water-jickcted and thus entirely
free from risk by fire. They can be had all sizes, to heat from,
say, a few feel up to 8000 feet of 4-inch pipe each ; are now
in all parts of the world, and are unrivalled as being the best,
most powerful, and most economical Hot-water Boilers in use.
HIGHEST
AWARDS
WHEREVER
EXHIBITED.
EsTADLISHKD I
KEITH'S
PEIZE
HYDRAULIC RAMS
and HYDRAULIC
RAM PUMPS,
Self Acting,
For Raising Water, are
the most powerful, most
efficient, and most dur-
able in use.
Specimen Extracts from Testimonials:—
From W, Morgan Roiuiins, Escj , Architect^ llfrncombe,
September ^, 1880.
*' t am delighted with your Boiler ; it answers admirably, and
the directors are satisfied that it is one of the best ^25 worth
ever put in the hotel,"
From Q. C. Chalmkrs, Gardens of ]z.mt.^ Mudie, Esq.,
Broughty Perry, September 15, 1880.
"Your Boiler beats all my expeclations ; at present one fire
serves for twelve hours, and keeps up a good, steady heat."
From Isaac Holden, Esq.. Oakivorth House, Keighhy, York"
shire, ymie ig, 1881.
"Your Boilers are the best we have tried." (Note: One ol
these Boilers heats nearly 8oco feet of 4-inch pipe.)
From Wm. Eraser, Kif>pcn GarJens, Dnjining, Perthshire,
December C\ 18S1.
" I consider your Boiler most efficient ; as for economy, it is
the acme of perfection."
From Rev. James Cardwell, Military Academy, Highlands,
Jersey, December 31, 18S1.
"Nothing could be better than the Boiler you sent me ; it
burns all sorts of rubbish, and gives an excellent heat."
^r(77« Arthur Booty, Esq.. Rese Villa Nurseries^ Hi^k
Harrogate, March 22, 1882.
* Your Boiler has exceeded all my expectations ; it will pay
for itself as a fuel saver in a short time. It heats 2cx)o feet of
4-inch pipe."
Keith's Treatise on " Heating by Artificial Means," post-free,
for twelve stamps. ». _ — _ __ , ^
PATENT MINERAL OIL GAS WORKS, are unrivalled for use in the Country or in the Colonies.
PATENT SECTIONAL HOT-WATEK. COIL TABLES, have three times the Radiating Surface of any other form of Pioe Coil
PATENT OPEN FIRE, Ornamental HOT-WATER APPARATUS, combining Warmth. Cheerfulness, Ventilation and Perfect Safety
JAMES KEITH, GAS. HYDRAULIC and HEATING ENGINEER, LONDON, EDINBURGH, and ARBROATH.
57, Holborn Viaduct, London, E.G. 120, George St., Edinburgh. High St., Arbroath.
The COTTAGER'S Calendar
GARDEN
OF
OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P.
Price 3d.; post-free, 3id. ; 20s. per 100.
If ordered in qiianiities of not less than 200, Carriage will be paid to any part of the United Kingdom.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O.
I S. OWENS & CO.,
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS,
WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.G.
THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.
This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
^- any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.
No. 37.
No. 63,
No. 49.
No. 54^.
No. 44.
No. 4.
DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.
PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or
Steam Power. [Gardens, &c.
No. 46a. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49<7. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. so and e,\a. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.
S. OWliNS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, BATHS, DRYING CLOSETS. G.ASWORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates Jurnished.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.
GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.
THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the
Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.
WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.
No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for
Garden use.
544
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[October 27, 1883.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides, and all Parasites.
To prevent American Blight, all kinds of Scale, &c., and
for Washing all Hard-wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonials.
•' Colon Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 28, 1880.
"We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants, We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) *'JOHN JONES and CO."
"201, Broad Street. Birmingham, August 15, 1883.
"DharSir,— I have lately tried Hudson's Extract of Soap
for the mildew on my Rose trees in the greenhouse, and I find
that with one syringinK it completely cures it instantly. I should
sav I tried it some time ago with the same result. Yours truly,
(Signed) "W.JAMES."
SOLD EVERYWHERE.
REMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of all DIRT from EVEEYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
SOLUBLE FIR TREE OIL insecticide.
Tor destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs. Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and
Blight. Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a good
Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, \s. 6d., a*. 6d.,
AS f>d. a bottle. Per gallon 12J. 6d-, or less in larger quantities.
Maker. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester. Wholesale
from HOOPHR & Co , CORRY, SoPER, FoWLER &Co., C. E. Os-
MAN & Co., and from all the London Seed Merchants and Whole-
sale Patent Medicine Houses. New York : Rolker & Sone.
To the Seed and Florist Trade.
CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER k CO.
(LIMITED),
Horticultural Sundries Merchants,
and Manufacturers of all kinds of
INSECTICIDES and MANURES, GRASS and DRIED
FLOWER BOUQUETS, WREATHS and CROSSES,
in every Material and Pattern.
IMrORTERS OF
DRIED FLOWERS and GRASSES, VIRGIN CORK,
RAFFIA MATS, &c.
Every Horticultiu-al Requisite required for a shop kept in
stock. Show Rooms now complete with every novelty for autumn
use, and special attention given to any visiting customers.
CA TALOGUES Free to ths Trade on afplication.
18, Finsbury Street, London. E.C.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by tbe
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by litem and alt Nurserymen and Seedsmen,
EUREKA!!! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist. Edinburgh.
In Bottles, 15., 2J., and 3s-. frf. each. 75, 6d. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
TESTIMONIAL.
" Cioven/ords. by Galashiels. N.B..7uly2S, 1883.— Mr. Smith:
Dear Sir, we have now tried your Inseelicide on all the
Insects we can find on any of our Plants, including Orchids, and
used as directed by you, \\e find it instant destruction to them
all, while it neither stains nor injures the tenderest leaf. We
shall in future use no Fir Tree Oil or other Insecticide but
yours.— We are, yours truly, WM. THOMSON and SONS.
Wholesale Agents-IRELAND and THOMSON,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
r^ ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
\IX of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon o( soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, is. , 35. , & loi. 6rf.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, bd.
and ij. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited), London.
TOBACCO PAPER (Roll), CLOTH and
cord, excellent quality, unique value. Prices on application,
LINDSAY AND CO., Tobacconists, Leith Walk, Edinburgh.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
100 yards for loj., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 > ards
for loj., delivered free per Parcels Post. Very useful pure Cotton
(or Curtains. Blinds, Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Seed stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley.
RUSSIAN MATS.
T BLACKBURN AND SONS
O • are off"eriug ARCHANGEL MATS at a lower rale
than for last ten years for present orders. PETERSBURG
MATS and MAT BAGS. Having bought neatly the whole
stock from Cronstadt, we are prepared to sell at low rates.
Prices and samples on application at
4 and 5. Wormwood Street, London. E.C,
U S S I A MATS,
Archangel, Taganrog, Petersburg, and Dunnage.
SACKS and SEED BAGS. ROPES. LINES and TWINES.
RAFFIA FIBRE.
TOBACCO PAPER, PEAT and SILVER SAND.
BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. 3d. per sack
(sacks included). Descriptive CATALOGUE on application.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
i4g, Commercial Street, London, E.
Russia Mat Merchants.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9, James
Street, Covent Garden, W.C., can offer a very fire parcel
of new ARCHANGEL MATS at a very low price. Immense
stock of PETERSBURG MATS and RAFFIA FI BRE.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PEEPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &0.
Quality equal to any in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 45. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks for 20.r.
„ best black fibrous . . 3^. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks for 155.
., extra selected Orchid .. .. 55. orf. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. . . "i
PREPARED COMPOST, best .. [is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. .. f included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) . .. li. 3* per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. rorf. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. Srf. per lb., 28 lb, 18s.
,. PAPER, finest imported speciality 8<f. per lb., 28 lb. j8j.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertiiemeut.).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
A SPECIALITY.
BEESON'S ROSE, VINE, and PLANT
MANURE.
To be had of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
For all particulars please apply to
W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills,
SHEFFIELD.
Also GROUND BONES for Vine Borders, Potting, &c.
PROTECT vouR PLANTS
te
FRIOmOMQ
REGISTERED
Trad'e'mARK
From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds.
A perfect Non-conductor of Heat, keeping
Wherever it is applied an even Temperature.
To be liad of all Nurserymen a?td Florists.
fOR PRICE LIST A PARTICULARS ADDRESS*
2JDI/KE S^ £4 London B/i/DGE
STON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—
The Warmest Coveiings for Pits and Frames.
Sizes— 6 ft. 6 in. X 3 ft. gin., is. ; 6 ft. 6 in. X 4 ft. 6 in , 2r. id. ;
6h. 6'm.XT!t.,is. 2d. Apply to
Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tring. Bucks.
SPECIALLY CHEAP GLASS.
Packing Cases free and not reluroable.
100 Squares, gocd Glass, at the fuHowinK prices, in Leeds : —
15 07. 21 oz.
13^ by 8 far 9t. 6d.
12 by 9 for gs 6d.
14 by 10 for 135. 6d.
15 Ijy 9 for IV- 61^-
13H ^y 8 for 12s 6d.
12 by q for J2S. 6d.
14 by 10 for iSs. ad.
15 by 9 for i8j. od.
HENRY WAINWRIGHT, Glass and Lead Merchant,
S and 10, Alfred Street, Boar Lane, Leeds.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16111., aoin. byiSin, in i6-oz.
and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 303-ft. cases
TEN SILVER ^S^ MEDALS
AWARDED ^fe^^&^S "^^
JOHN MATTHEWS, The ROYAL Pottery,
t) Weston- SUPER-MARE. Manufacturer of TERRA-
COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS. ITALIAN BASKETS,
BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality,
from I to ^o inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn
ereen- ORCHID, FERN, SEED and STRIKING PANS,
RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-
free. Sheet of Designs, 6d. Book of Designs, is.
i<^
^^sy^^>^^EET ,^
^S.c
14x12
20x12
20X14
20x16
:6xi2
16x14
20X15
22x16
18x12
18x14
18x16
24X16
»v5o^ 21 ot Foreign, of the following
X^ Blzes, In toxes of 100 and 200 feet, "'
3ds and 4tlis analitlee always kept In stock:—
20X18
22x18
24x18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
AH descriptions of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
from
GEOBOE FAB.MILOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
Mi St. Jolm'i Street, West Smltbfleld, London, E.C
LABELS.
WATERPROOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECT/ON LABELS.
FISHER, CLARK & CO.,
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
T SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
J . STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raked
BLACK-FACED LETTERS. . .
The Gardeners' Mafazine says :— " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit.
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.C.
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine, on rail at is. 6d. per ton— not less than 4-ton trucks.
Terms cash.— Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate.
CABSON'S PAINT.
Patronised by
HER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,
15,000 OF THE Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON BY UNSKILLED LABOUR.
I Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations,
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free.
C A R SON S, ■
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, fl
LONDON, E.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN ;
and ss. ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Cash.
UNDER SPECIAL ROYAIj PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders in Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sheep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£1 lbs. 6d. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of imitations, and see that the
name, DAY. SON & HEWITT, la on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON ;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS. POTTING PURPOSES,
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
CTiOCTOBER 27, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
545
llliivH.iU-il L.a.il..L;u..-siif Art Cniiserv.'ilnTit:'^, i -Dwiiit; H Oliver,
N'urseiymeii's Ctie;tp Houses, Krames, I.'glits, Suiiimer-houbes,
Wall-I ree Covers, li^ir,. Fost-free.
T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., Chelmsford, Essex.
London OHice ; Mansion Hoxise buildings, E.G.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, E.G.
W. H. LASCELLES AND CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLKS' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
&cnt post-free on applicatioo.
DAVI D LOWE & SONS,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS
AND
HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
GILMORE PARK. EDINBURGH; and CORNEROOK,
CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.
[Mans and Estimates on application for every description of
Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.
Garde7i Frames and Sashes in Stock.
JAMES GEAY.
CONSERVATORIES,
VINERIES,
ORCHID anrl PLANT HOUSES, &c., &c.,
HOT-WATER APPARAI US for all purposes,
BOILERS, CASTINGS, &c.. &c.
Best Materials and Workmanship. Moderate Prices.
Works and Offices— Danvers Street, Chelsea, London, S.W.
Cucumber Frames.
KHALLIDAY and CO. desire to
'• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England : — £ s. d.
[•light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) p^^Hno- f 3 10 o
3-lieht frame; w feet by 6 feet V n^^^f^^ \ 5
6-light frame. 24 feet by 6 feet ^ ^^^^^ "^^®
( Packing J
r Cases free 1
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.
R. HALLIDAY and CO.. Hothome Builders and Engineers.
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester.
JOHNSON BROTHERS & CO.
{LIMITED),
6, WATERLOO PLACE. PALL MALL, S.W.
X Builders of Conser-
"i"'"^'^ vatories and all descrip-
tions of Hothouses and
Roofs, in Iron and
Wood, or a combina-
tion of both, on their
Patent System, with-
out Putty, or, with
^ Putty, in the ordinary
way, if preferred.
CORRUGATED IRON STRUCTURES for all purposes.
Plans and Estimates submitted free of cost.
HEATING by HOT W ATE R, on the best Principles.
<€LASSHOUSES&»EATiNG ;
^mmpmm^^
H
oil Faint No Longer Necessary.
ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
fur Prejervine Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{K'^nteted Trade Mar/i.)
Tbis VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor woik, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
'* Pierce/ield Park, June m, 1876. — Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."
C.-J i//'/(9.iV.— Hill & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they leceive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. S:c, , sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St.Vincent
Street, Glasgow.
THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.
Price, as engraving, with boiler, open feed syphon, 12 feet of
4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints complete. £^ 41.
Delivered free to any station. Discount for cash.
Cost of apparatus for houses of any siz« on application.
This is the simp'est, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
water fitter for fixing. The boiler stands in the greenhouse, the
front only being outside and Hush with the outer wall, so that
the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised. It biu-ns
over twelve hours without attention, at a nominal cost.
Illustrated LIST with full particulars post-free.
DEANE &
{^■I'^), LONDON
CO.,
BRIDGE.
STOVES.
Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal !
BOBERTS'S PATENT.
Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for
about id., without attention. For Greenhouses,
Bedrooms, or almost any purpose. Pamphlet
and authenticated Testimonials sent. In use
daily at Patentee's^THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster. S.W.
THOS. V\^. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
Tlie Best
and Quickest
made.
4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, gfeet long, 41. 3(f, each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 6<^. each.
Price List on application.
IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,
Iron and Wire Espalitr, &c. , &c.
Illustrated CATALOGUE Free en appUcniion.
BAYLISS. JONES * BAYLI8S,
VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And 3, Crooked Lane. King Wi'liam Street, London. E.C.
PRUNING MADE
SAFE and EASY.
This implement is unrivalled
for Pruning, Trimminp, and
Thinning-out Trees of all kinds,
Shrubs, Fruit Bushes, Vines. &c.
Is used in the Parks and Gardens
cf the Queen, H.K.H. the Prince
of Wales, the principal Nobility,
and is also ordered by Her Ma-
jesty's Commissioners of Works
and the Metropolitan Board of
Work-^, to be generally adopted
in ihe Parks and Gardens under
their control. The leading Horti-
cultural Authorities join in the
universal opinion as to its being
the best tool for ihe purpose ever
invented. Its length varies from
3 to 2D feet, and its price from
' 4J. (}d. each. It is Sold by the prin-
cipal Ironmongers and Seedsmen, from whom Illustrated Price
Lists can be obtained, or of the Sole Prnprietor-; and Makers,
THE STANDARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
Patentees and General Machinists, blraud Arcade, Derby,
Rosher'a Garden Edging Tiles.
MB
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially ujtot!™™™
suited for KITCHEN —
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and.
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do " grown " Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
V. KOSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road. E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES."
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c ,
from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Pavirg of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slales, Cement, &c-
F. KOSHER AND CO.. Buck and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L V E R S AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade,
Lithographic Coloured Plates of Vegetables, Fruits,
FLOWERS. &c, or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
CATALOGUES.
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, Lithographer
to the Royal Academy, 15, Ruedu Boulevard, Brussels.
Established 1829. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Natural History, Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that maybe required, and Estimates will
be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER. 149, Kingsland Road, London, E.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ,£200,000. — Reserve Fund, j675,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from j£ro to
£5000, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
baiges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds at ^5 per cent from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required,
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice, — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desiied the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ,1^250.000 per annum.
Prospectus post-fiee.
(ESTAULISU&D 1S67.)
546
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE-.
[October 27, 1883.
THE GARDENERS' CHROKICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Line c/tar^ed as two.
..£08
..09
..09
.. o 10
.. o 10
.. O II
.. O II
.. O 12
, . . O 12
.. o 13
.- o 13
AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE.
If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30^.
Page >C9 o o
Half Page 5 o o
Column 3 5°
4 Lines
■ •£>o 3 0
15 Lines
5 „
..036
16 „
6 „
..040
17 „
7 „
.. 046
18 „
8 „
..050
19 „
9 „
-.056
20 „
10 „
..060
21 „
11 ,.
..066
22 „
12 „
..070
23 „
13 „
..076
24 „
14 „
..080
25 „
GAKDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words -iS. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
IMPOHTAJ^T NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
agairist having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the autliorities and
1-etnmed to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, %s. each insertion.
Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.
All Subscriptions payable In advance.
The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £1 3s, loa^. ; 6 Months,
lis. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,
£1 6s. lor 12 Months ; India and China, £i Ss. 3d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C., to W. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements.
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
Accidents 1-64, CoraHm.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
•RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
-l-V' Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;£ 1.000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ^250,000. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. £ i ,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings.
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Comhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN. Secretary.
UN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.C. : Charing Cross, S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE.— Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at
moderate rates.
LIFE.— Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large Bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.
POSTAL
RD E RS.
TO ADVERTISERS, SUBSCRIBERS, AND OTHERS.
li is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at
DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS,
as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is hioiun, and it has been made payable at a
fartiaclar office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose
hands it may fall from negotiating it.
N.B.—The best and safest 7neans oj remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER.
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED. ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTRN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.
EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.
To any one who owns a Flower-Pot, a Garden, or a Farm,
It is Indispensable.
because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It Is Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.
It Is always Seasonable.
biciuse it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for ihe work of the monlh, which alone
are worlh more than the price of the paper.
It is Clean and Pure.
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums.
In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.
Subscription Price, 55. per year, hicluding foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Re?nii by Post-office Order
on New- York or Londo?i.
B. K. BLISS & SONS. Publishers.
34, BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
R~~ EVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review).— Among the principal Contributors are :— A. Allard,
E. Andre, C. Baltet, T. Buchctet. F. Burvenich, F. Ciepin,
Comte de Gomer. De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C. Naudm,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies. B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van HuUe, J. van Volxem
H. J. Vehch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.
This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.
Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom :— One year,
Hi., payable in advance.
Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
al the Chief Post-office. Ghent.
ROBINSON'S COUNTRY SERIES.
In Fcap. 8vo, cloth, price is. each, hy post i^. id.
THE GRAPE VINE, its Propagation and Culture. By John
SiMrsoN.
THE APPLE, in Orchard and Garden. By James Groom.
THE LONDON MARKET GARDEN, or Flo»ers, Fruits,
and Vegetables, as grown for Market. By C. W. Shaw.
ASPARAGUS CULTURE, the best methods employed in
England ar.d France. By James Barnes and W.
RoiiiNSON. F.L.S.
FRUIT CULTURE for PROFIT. By C. Hobday.
THF. POTATO in Farm and Garden. By R. Fkemlin.
TOWN GARDENING, a Handbook for Amateurs. By
R. C. Ravenscroft.
In crown 8vo, cloth, price is. 6(1., by post i^. 8J^f/.
MUSHROOM CULTURE, its Extension and Improvement.
By W, Robinson, F.L.S.
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE and SONS, Broadway, Ludgate
Hill, E.C.
Worl£3 for the Possessors of Gardens.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all
Vegetables. By William Earley. Author of " How to Grow
Mushrooms," '* How to Grow Asparagus," S:c., &c. Crown
3vo, with Coloured Frontis «e. Price 45. 6a.
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COM-
PANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A com-
plete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of
every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price 7^.
ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-
DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition. Price u.
HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS.
By William Earley. Price i^. stitched.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS.
A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earley. Price 15. stitched.
London: BRADBURY. AGNEW and CO., Bouverie
Street, E.C.
The Sydney Mail
NEW SOUTH WArES ADVERTISER.
CONTENTS.—
INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for this Journal.)
NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTR.\-
LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.
THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
CO.MMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throu.ghout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.
Subscription in Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.
Single Copies, 6d. ; Stamped, 7d.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.
ENGLAND.
The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents arc
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—
London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Comhill, E.C.
Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard
Street, E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,
Fleet Street. E.C.
Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand.
Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance
Buildings.
Manchester. . James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh Robeitson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.
Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange
Place.
^" Copies of each Journal are filed at ihe
above Offices for the use of Advertisers.
'WOKKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.
SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL
DICTIONARY. Comijrising the Names, History, and
Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full
Explanation of Technical Terms. An entirely New Edition,
enlarged in size and type. Medium 8vo, cloth. Price 25^.
BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D.. F.R.S., late E.\aminer in Botany, University
of London. With upwards of loo Illustrations. Price 3s. 6d.
LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.
A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students,
&c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Price sj'. 6d.
LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.
With Illustrations, 8vo, cloth. Price qj.
LINDLEY'S MEDICAL and GECONOMI-
CAL BOTANY. With numerous Illustrations, 8vo,
cloth. Price 5^.
LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY,
For Self- Instruct ion and the Use of Schools. Price
IS. sewed.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouverie
Street. E.C.
Farms, Estates, Residences.
Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchasing an Est-ite, can have copies of the
MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD
supplied free for si.\ weeks on stating the piu^ose for
which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and
six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "■ Midland Counties
I/erald O^ce, Birmingham," Ths Midlaiid Counties Herala
always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.
Belgian.
BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticuUural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-
nich. F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and ?I. J. van Hulle,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum,
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanica Gardens. Ghent, Belgium.
rPHE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of
-L GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir Joseph
Paxton, M.P.
Reprinted from the Gardeiiers' Chronicle, with numerous
Alterations and Additions.
Price 3<f. ; post-free i%d.
Post-office Orders are to be made pi yable to Wm. Richards,
at Drury Lane, London, W.C.
Published at the Office of the Gardeners' Chronicle^ 41,
Wellbgton Street, W.C.
Hemmed for Use.
Children's is. lo^d. per dozen.
Ladies' 3^. xid. ,,
_ Gentlemen's .... 3J. xxd. ,,
Hemstitched.— Ladies' 5s. iid.. Gentlemen's 7^. 91/. per dozen.
Direct from n A A!/ rX " '^'^^ ^"^'^ Cambrics of
the Manu- HI 11 .K r I Messrs. Robinson & Cleaver,
facturers. I WI\W» I Belfast, have a world-wide
Samplesand Price Listspost-free. fame "—The Queen.
ISSH HANDKERCHIEFS.
ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST.
PARTNER WANTED, who can take
Charge of Shop in sood-goini; Florist and Seed Business.
Moderate Capital required.— HORTUS. Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
ANTED, a GARDENER, as TENANT
for a few Forcing Houses, or to Grow Produce on
Commission. About ;^ioo required.— Letters to X., Smith's
Bookstall. Vauxhill Station, S.W.
ANTED, a HEAD GARDENER. Must
have acted as Head for some years in a large garden,
and thoroughly understand the highest branches of Gardening,
both in Fruit and Flowers. Unexceptional references will 1 e
required.— Apply with full particulars to J. SPENDER CLA\ ,
Esq., Ford Manor, Lingfield, Sutrey.
ANTED, in Kent, a GARDENER and
WIFE, without encumbrance— a man understanding
his business in all branches, also Poultry Rearing. Wife to
make herself generally useful. Wages las. with Commission
on Stock, good rooms, firing and gas.- Mr. JONES, Arundel
Hotel, Norfolk Street, Strand. W.C.
WANTED, a trustworthy thorough good
SINGLE-HANDED WORKING GARDENER.
Must thoroughly understand Vines, Greenhouses, Frames,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character indispen^ble.
—Letter, stating wages and age, with full particulars of last
situation, to Mr. E. COWLEY, North Farm, Sudbury, near
Harrow, Middlesex.
October 27, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
547
WANTED, as FOREMAN, a man of Kood
practical experience in CJrowiug Winter Cucumbers. —
State nge, wages and experience, to H. DICKINSON,
Shardlow, near Derby.
ANTED, a WORKING NURSERY
FOREMAN— active, energetic, and of strictly sober
habits. Must have had experience where all classes of Nursery
Stocks are grown in large quantities, with a knowledge par-
ticularly of Propagating Sliriibs and Conifera; for the Trade ;
who can Manage numbers of VVorkmen. and expert in attending
to the execution of orders. State age, where last, and how long
employed, when open to engage, and wages expected. Character
must bear the strictest invesiigalion.—GARLIES MITCHELL,
Nurseryman, Stranraer.
Foreman, and Market Plant Grower.
WANTED, a first-class GROWER for
Coveiit Garden Flower Market, Pot Plants and Cut
Glocm);, with character fur sobriety, honesty, arjd abilily, from
a similar situation. Must be able to Direct and Superintend
the Management of a large phice. — A. IJ. , Gardeners C/irotiiclc
Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
T H I N G 0 E
UNION.
SUPERINTENDENT OF LABOUR WANTED.
THE GUARDIANS of the POOR
of the Tbingoe Union require a strong, active, intelligent
unmarried Man, without encumbrance, between 25 and ^oyeais
of age, as SUPERINTENDENT OF LABOUR at their
Workliouse, Bury St. Edmund's. He will be required toSuper-
ialend the Employment of the Indoor Poor and Vagrants, in the
Cultivation of 5 acres of Garden Land, Wood-chopping, &c. ;
to see that they perform the work respectively assigned to them,
and to keep a record thereof in such manner and form as the
Guarciians may diiecL ; to assist the Master in maintaining
discipline and good order in the Workhouse, and to act generally
imder his directions. Salary XI30 per annum (increasing to ^^5
tha first year if found competent), with board, washing, and
lodging in the Workhouse.
Applications in the handwriting of the Candidates, staling age
and previous occupation, and accompanied by recent testi-
monials, must be sent to me on or before Wednesday, the 31st inst.
Selected Candidates will be allowed third-class return railway
f.xrcs.
No one need apply whose character for lirmness, honesty,
morality, sobriety, and competency will not bear the strictest
investigation.— By Order,
JAMES SPARKE,
Clerk to the Guardians.
Workhouse, Eury St. Edmund's,
October 19, 1S33.
Wholesale Seed Trade.
WANTED, an experienced SHOPMAN.
One that is thoroughly up in Garden and Flower Seeds,
and able to control and superintend the work of assistants.
Must be of good appearance and address, as he will have to
travel in the summer. — Apply by letter, stating age, where
previously employed, and in what kind of work, and salary
required, to A. F., Gardetun* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.
Wholesale Seed Trade.
WANTED, in the Warehouse, a MAN
well able to Pack and Mark off Orders ; must be
thoroughly experienced in the business.— HY. CLARKE and
SONS, 39. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
WANTED, a respectable LAD, to Assist
generally in a Florist's Shop. — Send particulars by
letter to J. PARKER and SON, Nurserymen, &c., Brixton
Road, S.W.
ANTED, a steady young MAN, as
Wreath and Bouquet Maker.— EDWARD CARR,
Florist. Market Hall, Southpoit.
WANTED, a LAD for Office, and to make
himself useful in Nursery, from 15 to 18 years of age.
One with a slight knowledge of Seed and Nursery Work pre-
ferred.— Apply, in own handwriting, stating wages expected,
&c., to S. BIDE, Alma Nursery, Farnham, Surrey.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.
JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23S, High Holbom, W.C.
"piCHARD SMITH and CO.
J-V beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, S:c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married, one
child ; understands the profession in all its branches.
Twenty-^^even years' experience, Seven years' good character,
— G. OLIVER, The Gardens, Hanbury Hall, Droitwich.
(^ARDENER (Head). — No family ;
^-^ thoroughly practical in all branches. Twenty-two
years character — S. D., Thomas Perkms & Sons, 34, Drapery,
Northampton.
r^ARDENER~(HEM)) ; age 28.— R. Walton,
v^ Gardener, Hilton Park. Wolverhampton, would be glad
to recommend R. Sharpe, who has been wilh him lour and a half
years as Foreman, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a prac-
tical Gardener.— Address as above.
GARDENER (Head) ; age 40, married.—
Mrs. Barwicic Bakkk, Hardwicke Court, Gloucester,
would be pleased to recommend a Gardener, with long and
excellent character, and many years' practical experience in all
branches of the profession.
GARDENER^ (Head).— A Lady wishes to
recommend the above, who ii leaving through deatli of
employer. Thoroughly efficient in every branch ; likewise Land
and Stock. Eight years in present place.— J. BElCK, Old
Road, Lee, Kent.
/:j.ARDENER (Head)"; age 2>^, one child
V^ (age 6). — A Gentlhman having lett his country residence,
wishes to recommend his Head Gardener, a good practical man
in all departments; Land and Stock if required. Wife could take
Dairy.— W. S., Myrtle Villa, Wandle Road. Upper Tooting,
Surrey.
GARDENER (Head Working), where not
less than five are kepi. —Age 29. married, no family;
good experience in all branches. — G. S., Liltle Gaddesden
House, Great Berkhampsted, Herts,
ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32,
married, no family ; excellent Grape grower. Florist,
and Kitchen Gardener. Wife good Couk and Daity-woman.^
SEALEY, 7, Hishland Place, Aberdare, Wales.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27^
married; good practical knowledge of the profession in
all its branches Fourteen years' experience in large establish-
ments.—A. C. C, The Gardens. Wilton Park, Salisbury.
GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 29.
— E. Clakke, Gardener, Cannon Hall, Earnsley, can
confidently recommend his Fureman, John Street, to any one
requiring the services of a man well up in Fruit and Plant
Growing. Two years in present situation. — Apply as above.
GARDENER (Head^ Wor'king).— Age'^o,
married, no family ; twenty years' experience in Forcing
Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables. Wife can Manage Dairy, or
take charge of Country House. — JOHN TURNER,
Cormonger's, Nutfield, Surrey.
GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 34,
married, one child, — Alfred Hoadlev, Oak Hill,
Sevenoaks, is at liberty to engage with any Lady or Gentleman
requiring the services of a thoroughly practical man in all
branches. Employer leaving place cause of changing. Over
three years' excellent character.
ARDENER (Head Working).— T. Rush-
WORTH, Esq., can highly recommend to any Nobleman
or Gentleman a Gardener, who thoroughly understands Early
and Late Forcing of Fruit and Cut Flowers. Stove and Green-
house Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Industrious and
trustworthy. — HEAD GARDENER, Thornes House. Wake-
field.
ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed)'
— Age 3S, married, no family. Twenty-four years'
practice in all branches, including Forcing. — G. C., 75, Taunton
Road, Lee Green, Kent.
ARDENER (Head, or good Single^
handhd) — Age 30, single; thoroughly experienced in
all branches of Gardening, including Orchids. Can have highest
references. — H. C, 47, Upper Park Road, Hampstead, N.W,
GARDENER. — Age 2S, married when
suited ; twelve years' experience in all branches. Good
character from present situation. — A, W. , Miss Allen, Book-
seller, Edgware, Middlesex.
ARDENER.— Age 25 ; eight years' Gar-
dener to the late Mr. J R. Scott, of Walthamstow.
Understands Orchids. Good references.— B, SHIP, Mrs,
Scott, The Drive, Walthamstow.
GARDENER ; age39, married. — Mr.HiNSON,
Oxton, Birkenhead, will have pleasure in recommending
his Gardener, who has a practical knowledge of all branches.
Has had good places, and is very respectable in appearance
and conduct.
GJ.ARDENER, where several are kept. —
T Persevering; highly qualified in all branches. Experi-
enced in Planning, Planting, and Laying-out of Grounds.
Lately Head Gardener at Highclere Castle. Excellent testi-
monials.—S. ROSS, Melrose Villas, Westfields, Newbury.
GARDENER (Single-handed), or where
help is given. — Age 26 ; married, one child. Good
character. — M. G., Aston le Walls. Byfield, North Hants.
GARDENER (Second), or to take charge of
small place. — Age 25, single; has had good experience,
and can be highly recommended. — Please state particulars to
ALFRED PEPPER, Rev. A. Carter, Tewin, Hertford.
GARDENER (Under).— Age i8, single";
can Milk if required. Can be highly recommended by
his present employer.— GARDENER, The Lodge, Oak HiU,
Edgbaston, Birmingham.
GARDENER (Under), inside or out.—
Age 26 ; willing to assist in both ; good character.
Distance no object.— W. MADDOCK, Quatford, Bridgnorth,
Shropshire.
GARDENER (Under), where one or more
are kept. — Age 20 ; steady and willing ; good references.
— W. B. BRICKEIT, FlorUt, Bendon Valley, Garrat Lane,
Wandsworth.
GARDENER (Under), where three or four
more are kept ; age 18. — A. Horsell, Gardener
to Lord Grantley, Wonersh Park, Guildford, can recommend
a young man as above.
GARDENER (Under), where others are
kept.— Age 18, strocg, a Gardener's son ; has had expe-
rience in Gentlemen's gardens. Good testimonials. Abstainer.
— H. B., 4, Oxford Vdlas, Livingstone Road, New Thornton
Heath, Croydon.
MANAGER, to Grow for Market extensively.
Fruit, Roses, Orchids, and all requirements of a first
class Trade.— Age 38.— BETA, 10, Stockwell Park Road
Clapham, S.W.
To Head Gardeners.
r^OREMAN, in the Houses, in a good estab-
L lishment.— Age jj, single ; practically experienced in the
Cultivation of Fruit, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
&c. Three and a half years in present situation ; three in
previous. Thoroughly recommended. — G. CAMP, The
Gardens, Winslade, Exeter.
T^OREMAN, or SECOND where three or
J- four are kept, in the Houses. — Age 24 ; good references
and character.— G. WING, Dunchurch, Rugby.
_^ To Growers and Head Gardeners.
PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age ^6;
-L good experience in Growing and Propagating Roses,
Orchids. Stove Plants and Ferns for Market or otherwise. —
ALPHA, 4, Fern Grove, Felthani, Middlesex.
To Nurserymen.
PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Hard
and Soft-wooded Plants for Maiket.— Age 40 ; good refer-
ence. Total abstainer.— W. C,, 23, Bieteuham Koad, Gran-
ville Estate, Edmonton.
JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good large
f-' establishment, or FOREMAN.— Age 23 ; well experi-
enced, and can be thoroughly recommended from past and
pre.-ent employers. Total abstainer. Bothy preferred.— G. H.,
High Leigh Gardens, Hoddesdon, Herts.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good
tJ establishment, or Second where a Foremin is kept. —
Age 21 ; six years' experience. Good character.— C. CURTIS,
5, Hornsey Park Road, Hornsey, N.
Seed Trade.
TMPROVER. — Age 19 ; has assisted at
-^ Counter in a good Retail House. Can be well recom-
mended.-ARTHUR CROOT, Granlchester, Cambs.
TMPROVER. — Wanted, by a young man
-L (age 21), who has a good character Irom Lord Middleton's
Head Gardener, a place as above. — C. P., Mr. Grant, Butcher,
Rugeley.
'po GARDENERST— A Strong active~"lad
-■- (age i8) desires a situation. Has been in a Garden a year
and a half. Good character.— ALFRED FIELD, Ashe,
Micheldever, Hants.
O HEAD GARDENERS.— Wanted, to
place a youth (age 14) with the Head Ganiener of a
large establishment, whose services would partly pay for
board and instruction —Z. Y., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41,
Wellington Street, W.C.
RAVELLER, Nursery and Seed.— Four
years on the Road. First-class connection among Gar-
deners, Farmers, Stewards, &c. Good character. Will send
all particulars to a good house requiring such a man. — E. E.,
S3, Roseville Terrace, olT Roundley Road, Leeds.
To the Seed Trade.
MANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN. —
Age 30 ; fourteen years' experience, thorough know-
ledge of the trade. Excellent references.— J. CORNEV, 6,
Anwick Place, Boston.
SHOPMAN (MANAGING).— Age 23, married ;
good experience in all the different branches, including
Buying. Publishing of Catalogues, &c. Eight years' experience.
Highly recommended. Thoroughly steady, honest, trustworthy,
and of good address.- J. A. L., 354, Vork Road, Wandsworth,
London, S.W.
HOPMAN.— Many years' first-class expe-
rience. Would accept a temporary engagement in Lon-
don. Good address. Salary moderate. — HORTUS, 15,
London Street, Paddington, W.
SHOPMAN.— Age 22 ; well up in the Retail
Seed Trade, with a Knowledge of Plants ; six years*
experience; excellent references. — B. A., 3r, St. George's
Square, Tunbridge Road, Maidstone.
ASSISTANT. — Age ig ; good reference from
large London house.— DAVIS, 6, Bath Terrace, Trinity
Square, London, S. E.
O FLORISTS.— Wanted, by a young Lady,
a re-engagement in a Floral Establishment. Has had
good experience in Malcing-up Bouquets. Wreaths, &c. —
E. D. B., Messrs. Jno. Jeft'cries & Co., Oxford.
GRATEFUL-COMFORTING.
EPPS'S COCOA.
BREAKFAST.
*' By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern
the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli-
cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps
has provided our breakfast-tables with a delicately flavoured
beverage which may save us many heavy doctors's bills. It is
by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution
may b« gradually built up until strong enough to resist every
tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating
around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak pomt. We
may esc.ipe many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified
with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Service
Gazette.
Made simply wilh boiling water or milk. Sold only in
Packets, labelled thus : —
JAMES EPPS & CO., Homes op atliic Claemists,
London, Englajid.
HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Indigestion and
Liver Complaints. — The digestion cannot be long or
seriously disordered without the derangement being perceptible
on the countenance. These Pills prevent both unpleasant con-
sequences ; they improve the appetite, and with the increase of
desire for food they augment the powers of digestion and
assimilation in the stomach. Holloway's Pills deal most satis-
factorily with deranged or diseased conditions of the many
organs engaged in extracting nourishment for our bodies from
our various diets— as the liver, stomach, and bowels— over all of
which they exercise the most salutary control. By resorting at
an early st.Tge of this malady to these purifying and laxative
Pills, the dyspeptic is speedily restored to health and strength,
and his sallowue^s gradually vanishes.
54^
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
(October 27, 1883.
HOT-WATER
SEASON,
18 8 3.
STEVEN BROS. & CO.
Have the largest and best stock of Hot-Water Appliances in London. Boilers of every description, Pipes, Connections, Furnace Fittings,
Greenhouse Gearing, and all requisites for the Heating of Conservatories and Hothouses. No. B2.— Stax Boiler.
No. 43. -Dome-Top Boiler. CoU Cases.
No 28 —Terminal End
Boiler
No. 18.- Gold Medal
Boiler.a r-i,
Illustrated PRICE LIST (10th Edition) Free on appl.^
A very economical b.
Steven Bros. & Co. {^'"^''^^'^^t.T-]
, 35& 36, Upper Thames Street, E.G. wi.h Exu„ded Feeder.
MILFORD NURSERIES, NEAR GODALMING, SURREY,
Within a Mile of Milford or new Godalming Stations.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT FOUR OAYS' SALE OF FIRST-CLASS NURSERY STOCK.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS have received instructions from
Mr. Maurice Young to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on TUESDAY, November 6, and THREE FOLLOWING
DAYS, at 12 o'clock precisely, each day,
SEVERAL ACRES OF BEAUTIFULLY-GROWN NURSERY STOCK,
In Fine Condition for Removal, and Lotted to suit the Trade and Private Buyers,
Comprising 4000 Specimen Evergreens, 1500 fine Variegated Hollies, 2 to to 4 feet ; 500 Green Hollies, 2 to 8 feet ; 5000 Dwarf Roses, of the best
sorts ; 10,000 Green Hollies, I to li foot, for hedges ; 3000 Green and Variegated Aucubas, l to 2 feet ; 3000 fine named and other varieties of
Rhododendrons, 9000 Evergreen Privet, for hedges or cover planting ; 9000 Laurels, of sorts ; 3000 fine Ornamental Park Trees, 6 to 15 feet ; 1500
Limes, 7 to 10 feet ; 8000 Flowering Shrubs, 7000 Red and Black Currants, for Market Gardeners ; Fruit Trees, Climbers, Clematis, and other
Stock, too numerous to mention. May now be Viewed.
Catalogues may be had on the Premises, or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
N.B. — The Auctioneers beg to call the special attention of intending planters to this important Sale. The Stock is in fine condition and worthy
of an inspection.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, li^th edition, price is.
Gold and Silver Medals, also
Special Certificate,
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Price List on application Free.
Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete,
or the Materials supplied.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
X ONLY TWO MINUTES FROM CO VENT GARDEN MARKET. X
ARTHUR HILL & CO.,
HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, &c.,
ST. MARTIN'S LANE, LONDON, W.C.
THE COVENT GARDEN BOILER.
This new Amateurs' Boiler is intended for
fixing flush in the wall of the greenhouse, the
feeding door and flue pipe being left on the out-
side. A considerable amount of heat which is
lost with other Boilers is thus given off into the
house — a great advantage; and the necessity
of a stoking-hole is thus dispensed with. The
Boiler is strong, durable, and cheap, and we can
thoroughly recommend it.
Large and Small Hot-water Apparatus erected complete in Town
or Cou7itry^ or Materials only S2ipplied.
ARTHUR HILL & CO
■ ^ The Covent Garden Boiler.
^° VERY SPECIAL NOTE. -»
Our Establishment is open at 6 o'Clock every
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday Morning, for
the Special Convenience of Nurserymen and others
who come to Covent Garden. Customers are thus
enabled to take back in their empty vans anygoods
they may require, and save cost of extra cartage
from the City, or Rail Carriage and Breakage.
By this means we are able to sell at more favour-
able prices than any House in the Trade.
Illustrated Catalogues on application and Special Quotatio7ts on .
receipt of Particulars,
85, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, W.C.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;'* Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richaeds, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbukv, Agnfw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whiiefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, October 27, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
Cstaljlisjeti i84i.
No. 514. — Vol.
■^y.^'^. \ Sf.rif.s. I
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1883.
f Registered at the General \ Price 5d,
I Post-office as a Newspaper. fPoST-FREE, 5ji/.
CONTENTS.
Anipelopsis Veitchii .. 569 Gladioli, finest and latent 569
Apiary, the . . . . 570 Grapes and vineries . . 563
Apple congress the •■ 5^3 Hardy fruit garden, the . 563
„ show in March next 570 Honours to horticulturists 564
Aster Atnelhis .. .. 559 Lapagerias .. .. 569
Autumn tints . . . . 566 Lombardy Poplar, disease
Beaufort Nurseries, the . ssq of 57'
Begonia picta .. .. 567 Lycoperdon, a new .. 570
Begonias, tuberous . . 569 Magnolia Lenne , . . . 572
Books, notices of. . 57° >• Soulangeana nigra . 572
Cabbage, Waite's New Maiechal Niel Rose .. 569
Early .. .. .. 566 Miss North's drawings .. 564
Camellias of irregular Newton Court .. ..557
form 569 Nupharadvena .. .. 556
Central America, the cli- Nurseries, Mr. John
mate of 55S Walker's .. ..558
Chou de Burghley, the . . 569 Obituary 575
,, ,, Gilbert, the .. 569 Oncidium trifurcatum .. 556
Chrysanthemum pros- Onion, new . . . . 567
pects .. .. 555 I Orchid notes and glean-
,. shows, the . . . . 5^16 1 ings 562
Cochliostema Jacobianum 567 ' Orchids at Bocking Place 562
Cycad, a new Indian .. 556 Palm Cabbage .. .. 574
Fxhibilion prospects . . 566 I Parsnips, prize . . - . 567
Flower garden, the .. 563 Pine-wood fungus .. 566
,, vases .. .. 560 Plant diseases .. .. 566
Forest Flora of South ,. portraits .. ..568
Australia .. ..564 Potato crop, the . . .. 558
Forestry . . . . . . 572 Presentation to Mr. Cole 566
„ exhibition, Edin- Rosery, the .. .. 560
hurgh . . . . 564 Slelis zonata . . . . 556
Fruit notes . . . . '567 Stock upon scion, in-
„ show in Jersey, a.. 564 fluence of .. .. 569
,, „ of the Woolhope Vanda hastifera . . . . 556
Club.. .. 572 Variorum 573
Fuchsia exoniensis . . 560 Weather aspects .. .. 566
Garden Orchids, list of . . 573 .» the 575
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Flower vases 5^
Fuchsia exoniensis 5^5
Nupharadvena 557
Pear, graft hybrid 5^9
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE,
ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY,
Gardens. Regent's Park, N.W.
FIXTURES for 1884.
EXHIBITIONS of SPRING FLOWERS, WEDNESDAYS,
March 26 and April 23.
SUMMER PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUIT, WEDNES-
DAYS, May 21 and June 18.
EVENING FETE, WEDNESDAY. July 2
PROMENADES on all the other WEDNESDAYS in May,
June, and July.
BOTANICAL LECTURES. FRIDAYS in May and June.
OROUGH of HACKNEY CHRYSAN-
THEMUM SOCIETY.
ROYAL AQUARIUM. WESTMINSTER, WEDNESDAY
and THURSDAY, November 14 and 15. The following
amounts are offered in Prizes : —
About SIXTY POUNDS for Cut Blooms.
FORTY-FIVE POUNDS for Specimen Plants.
TWENTY-SIX POUNDS for Fruits and Vegetables.
" TWENTY POUNDS for Grapes. &c., &c
Schedules are now ready, and may be had on application to
WILLIAM HOLMES, Honorary Secretary.
Frampton Park Nursery, Hackney, Loudon, E.
I N G S TO N and S U R B I T O N
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The SEVENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held
in the Drill Hall, Kingston, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY,
November 15 and 16 ; when, in addition to valuable Money
Prizes, the CHAMPION CHALLENGE VASE, value
25 Guineas, will be competed for. For Schedules and further
particulars, apply to T. JACKSON, Hon. Sec.
Fife Road, Kmgston. -^ \
OYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL-
TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER and the
NORTHERN COUNTIES. — CHRYSANTHEMUM
SHOW, in the Town Hall, Manchester, on TUESDAY,
November 20. For Schedules apply to the undersigned,
„ , T> ■ n A vr T, » BRUCE FINDLAY.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester.
IRMINGHAM CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.
The TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be
held in the Town Hall, Birmingham, on WEDNESDAY and
THURSDAY, November 21 and 22. The Prizes include :—
48 Blooms, 24 incurved and 24 Japanese, £.10, jCt, £,^, £,2.
2d Blooms, 12 incurved and 12 Japanese, £4, £2, £1.
18 Blooms, incurved, ^3, £2, £1.
12 Blooms, Japanese, £2, £1, ics.
12 Blooms, Anemone, not less than 6 varieties, £1, 15^., los.
12 Blooms, reflexed, distinct varieties, ^i, 15.1., lar.
12 Blooms, incurved, to be grown within 3 miles of Stephenson
Place, £1 los., £t, 10s.
Entries Close November 14, Schedules may be obtained on
application to Q RED FERN, Secretary.
Old Court House, High Street, Birmingham.
s
s
O
UTTON'S Collections of HYACINTHS
for Pots and Glasses.
UTTO'n^'S^SPECIAL EXHIBITORS'
COLLECTIONS.
25 splendid varieties, 42i. | Carriage
12 „ „ 2\s. » Free.
NE~HUNDRED~ fiYACINTHSin^roo
very choice sorts, 841. Carriage free from Sutton & Sons.
O
F
NE HUNDRED HYACINTHS in 50
very choice sorts. 70J. Carriage free from Sutton & Sons.
IFTY HYACTnTHS in 50 very choice
sorts, 42s. Carriage free from Sultop & Sons.
FIFTY HYACINTHS in 25 very choice
sorts, 35.1. Carriage free from Sutton & Sons.
WENTY-FIVE HYACINTHS in 25 very
choice sorts, 21s. Carriage free from Sutton & Sons.
WELVE HYACINTHS in 12 extra fine
sorts. 12^., from Sutton & Sons.
WELVE HYACINTHS in 12 choice sorts,
91.. from Sutton & Sons^
T
T
WELVE HYACINTHS in 12 good sorts,
6s., from Sutton & Sons.
s
UTTON AND SONS,
The Queen's Seedsmen,
"p FADING, BERKS.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— 20,000 White, Cut
Blooms, to offer ; fine, under glass, Elaine and Mrs. G.
Rundle, at per dozen. 103, or 1000.
R. LOCKE, Red Hill, Surrey.
To the Trade.
OPIR^A JAPONICA,
O 2-yr, transplanted, strong, for forcing. 12s. per 100.
W. C. SLOCOCK, Goldworth Old Nursery, Woking, Surrey.
FRANCIS BELL, Nurseryman, Easing-
wold, offers for sale 2,000,000 LARCH, 2 to 5 feet,
recently transplanted, with good leads and vi-ell rooted, at
greatly reduced prices.
To the Trade.
GLADIOLI, NAMED and MIXED
HYBRIDS
HOOPER'S LIST is the Cheapest in the Trade. Only
First-class Sorts. Sent by return post by
HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden, London, W.C.
A Q U I LE G I A GLANDULOSA
XX. (GRIGOR'S, guaranteed true).
Twelve Plants of this beautiful Columbine, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kingdom, at 6s. per
dozen. Cash with order.
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries. Forres, N.B.
TRAWBERRIE S— Next Summer, by
planting now : capital roots, 4s. per 100 ; 6d. extra per ico
for delivery by Parcels Post. In a Few Months, by forcing :
plants in pots, 16^. per 100. Only the best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
Firms In tlie Nursery and Seed Trade
wishing to publish iheir announcements in Ireland, will find
THE IRISH FARM, FOREST, and
GARDEN, an excellent medium. Specimen Copies,
Scale of Charges. &c , on application to
Mr. THOS. MOORE, Sole Proprietor, 39, Lower Oimond
Quay, Dublin.
Special Offer.
TO THE CUT-FLOWER TRADE.—
Extra large, 18 months old Plants of MRS. SINKINS,
for 24 pots, 50J. per 100, package included. Cash or suitable
EXCHANGE. W. WEALE, Taplow, Bucks.
ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flowek Salksmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
WANTED, Red MAHONIA LEAVES, in
any quantity. State price to
H. DAMMANN, Jun, Breslau, BUllnerstrasse 7, Germany.
ANTED, Three Standard CRATAEGUS
ORIENTALIS ODORATISSIMA. with 6 feet
strong straight stems ; also three or four ABIES BRACTE ATA.
State price.
JNO. JEFFERIES AND SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.
Notice to Senders.
WANTED, GRAPES, TOMATOS. MARIE
LOUISE PEARS, &c. Also STEPHANOTIS.
EUCHARIS, GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES, MariSchal Niel
and other ROSES; White CAMELLIAS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, W.C.
ANTED, White Elephant POTATOS.
Quote per Ton to
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.
BOUVARDIAS.— TO THE TRADE.—
Special low offer of the following :— Alfred Neuner (double
white). President Garfield (double pink), and Humboldti
corymbitlora, nice vigorous stuff, in 6o's and 48"s. Write for
prices and sample plant to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and
238, High Holborn, London, W.C.
UBEROSES. — TO THE TRADE. —
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE have
received their Second Consignment of AFRICAN TUBER-
OSES, in fine condition, and will be pleased to quote special
prices to large buyers on application.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C.
^OLDEN EUONYMUS, 10,000, good
bushy stuff for pots. 12 to 15 inches, 25J. per 100 ; 15 to
21 inches, 35J. per 100.
THUIA AUREA, do,, 15 to 18 inches, 50s. per loo.
PASSIFLORA COIRULEA, single pots, 6 to la inches, 12s.
per 100. Terms cash. Address
PHILLIPS AND CO., The Torbay Nurseries, Torquay.
Surplus Stock
HOME-GROWN and NEW PEAS. —
William I., Day's Early Sunrise, Kentish Invtcta.
Laxton's Supreme, Veitch's Perfection, a few quarters of each
lor sale. C. FREEMAN, Norwich.
Deutzia gracUlB.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
Chrysauthemums.
CHARLES TURNER'S extensive Collection
(comprising all the classes) of many thousand Plants, is
now in fine bloom. An inspection is invited.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
himdreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen. Worcester.
HyaclntlLs, Tulips, Narcissus. Lilies, ice.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post •
free on application.
URPLUS STOCK.— Handsome and Choice
Evergreen and Deciduous TREES for Avenues, Parks,
Gardens, Streets, &c. Very good and cheap. LIST free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
R^SE^STOCKS .—Seedling Briers, the Dog
Rose, fit for budding ne.>ct summer, very cheap. Price
and sample on application.
SCHARMER and MULLER, Pinneberg, near Hamburgh.
To Fruit Growers.
FOR SALE, a large quantity of Carter's
Prolific RASPBERRY CANES. The best Raspberry
in cultivation. For price apply to
C. STEEL AND SON, Growers. Ealing, W.
To Market Gardeners and Others.
FOR SALE, a large quantity of CABBAGE
PLANTS, true strains. For price apply to
J. SMITH AND SON, Sepson, near Slough, Middlesex.
ARNATION, "MARY MORRIS."
Plants now ready for delivery.
First-class Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
1882. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, of
great size, very full, and of perfect shape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardeners' Chronicie, August 4, 1883, page 146.
Price and all particulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C.
ELWAY AND SON'S CATALOGUE
of GLADIOLI, describing all the varieties worth grow-
ing, and at prices as low as those of any other house, will be
forwarded on application.
Langport, Somerset.
Until the stock is Exhausted,
CHARLES NOBLE will supply the finest
forcing clumps of crowns ever offered of : —
SPIR.l!:A PALMATA. at tsj., wj., and 251. per 100. [each.
LILIUM GIGANTEUM, nice bulbs, 31.6^., M.M., and tj.6rf.
Orders with cash or reference should be sent at once, — Bagshot.
GOLDEN YEWS for Ornamental Hedges,
the Elvaston and other varieties, 2 to 3 feet, iZs. per doz. ,
£,^ per 100. . „ . ,
W. MAULE AND SONS, The Nurseries, Bristol.
EMLOCK SEED (Australian). — Plants
grow to be 10 feet high, very handsome among shrubs.
Package of Seed, 6a'. each.
Mrs. K. HOMAN, Dunkerrin Post-office, Roscrea, Ireland.
RANSTON'S Descriptive CATALOGUES
of Fruit and FOREST TREES, SHRUBS, &a, are
now ready, and may be had free on apphcation.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED COMPANY
(Limited), King's Acre, Hereford.
550
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883,
SALES BY AUCTION.
Dutch Flower Roots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tuesday Next.-(Sale No. 6509.)
PERIODICAL SALE of POULTRY and PIGEONS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, November 6,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 400 Pens of First-class
POULTRY and PIGEONS, from the Yards and Lofts of
well-known Breeders and Exhibitors.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Important Sale of EstabUslied Orchids.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc-
tions from H. Harkewitz, Esq., of Middlesborough, to
SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, November 7, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, his extensive COLLECTION of
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising about 600 plants,
all in fine condition, and including some good specimens of the
following varieties: — Aerides, Angra;cums, Anguloas, Calanthes,
Cattleyas, Coilogynes, Cymbidiums, Cypripediums, Dendro-
biums, Epidendrums, Lcelias, Lycastes, Odontoglossnms. On-
cidiums, Phaius. Saccolabiums, Stanhopeas. Vandas, Zygo-
petalums, Phalajnopsis, &c. ; also a few STOVE PLANTS
and PALMS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednosdav Next— (Sale No. 6510)
PLANTS and BULBS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, November 7,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, first-class Standard, Half-
s'.andard. and Dwarf ROSES, m all the leading varieties, from
well known English Nurseries ; Hardy Ornamental CON I FERS
Variegated HOLLIES. RHODODENDRONS of sorts:
Standard FLOWERING TREES and SHRUBS, &c., from
Holland : also a consignment of choice named Double and
Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, and other DUTCH BULBS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6512.)
VANDA SANDERIANA.
PHALjENOPSIS SANDERIANA in FLOWER.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, November 8, at hall-
past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.,
strong healthy plants of VANDA SANDERIANA, rooting
freely, amongst.them a very fine established specimen with two
growths and 24 fine healthy leaves : ODONTOGLOSSUM
PESCATOREl from a new locality, probably the finest speci-
mens hitherto ottered; O. TRIUMPHANS, O. HASTILA-
BIUM. CATTLEYA MENDELII, ONCIDIUM CUCUL-
LATUM. At the same time will be offered established plants
of CATTLEYA TRIAN^, with flower-sheaths ; a strong
plant in flower of a most lovely and distinct variety of CAT-
TLEYA ELDORADO, which may fairly be described as the
Wallisi form, with the addition of a rich plum-coloured mark
on the lip; also a strong established specimen of PHAL/E-
NOPSIS SANDERIANA, grand variety, with ten buds and
flowers on one spike.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6512.)
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
November 8, ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, from the collec-
tion of D. B. Crawshay, Esq., comprising rare and valuable
sorts ; also a small collection of Established Orchids, the pro-
perty of a gentleman ; Hardy Orchids in variety, from
Messrs. F. Horsman & Co. ; a consignment of 1000 Bulbs of
IMANTOPHYLLUM MINIATUM SPLENDENS, from
South Africa; GLORIOSA SUPERBA, ORCHID BAS-
KETS, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Dutch Bulbs.- Great Unreserved Sales.
Every MONDAY. THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS. SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Hol-
land, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers,
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Important Sale of Ftrst-class Dutch Bulbs ;
500 Standard, Dwarf, and other ROSES, of the best varieties ■
Hardy CONIFERS, SHRUBS, AMERICAN PLANTS,
selected FRUIT TREES, &c.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City
Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechiuch Street, E.C., on
TUESDAY, November 6, at 12 o'clock precisely.
May be viewed the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the
Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Lee, S.E.
SALE of beautifully-growu jnURSERY STOCK, nearly the
whole of which has been transplanted within the last
two years.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Manor
Lane Nursery, Lee, S.E., on TUESDAY, November 6, at
12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. W. North & Son, a
large quantity of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, including
about 300D fine specimen Evergreens, from 3 to 7 (eet high ;
loco Thuia Lobbii, -j to 8 feet ; 2000 bushy Common Laurels, 3
to 4 feet ; loao Standard and Dwarf Roses, .^000 small Ever-
greens for pots, 2500 Gooseberries and Currants ; also 500
Ampelopsis Veitchii, 500 Erica hyemalis, large Camellias, a lew
Orchids, and other Greenhouse Plants.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises;
and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Mllford Nurseries, near Godalmlng, Surrey,
Within a mile of Milford or new Godalming Stations.
Highly important Four Days' Sale of FIRST-CLASS
NURSERY STOCK.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
have received instructions from Mr. Maurice Young to
SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on
TUESDAY, November 6, and three following days, at 12
o'clock precisely each day, several acres of beautifully grown
NURSERY STOCK, in fine condition for removal, and lotted
to suit the Trade and Private Buyers, comprising 4000 Speci-
men Evergreens, 1500 fine Variegated Hollies, 2 to 4 feet ;
500 Green Hollies. 2 to 8 feet ; 5000 Dwarf Roses, of the
best sorts ; 10,000 Green Hollies, i to i\i foot, for hedges ; 3000
Green and Variegated Aucubas. i to 2 feet ; 3000 fine named and
other varieties of Rhododendrons, 9000 Evergreen Privet, for
hedges or cover planting ; 9000 Laurels, of sorts : 3000 fine
Ornamental Park Trees, 6 to 15 feet ; 1500 Limes, 7 to 10 feet ;
8oao Flowering Shrubs, 7000 Red and Black Currants, for
Market Gardeners ; Fruit Trees, Climbers, Clematis, and other
stock too numerous to mention.
May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises,
or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and
8, New Broad Street, E.G.
N. B. The Auctioneers beg to call the special attention of
intending planters to this important Sale. The stock is in fine
condition and worthy of an inspection.
Wednesday Nest.
CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, FICUS, and other plants from
Ghent; STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS in
variety ; fine TEA ROSES and FERNS in pots ; a choice
assortment ofStandard and Dwaif ROSES. HYACINTHS,
TULIPS. CROCUS, and other Dutch BULBS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL the above at their Central Auction Rooms.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Eaton Nurseries, near Norwich.
GREAT CLEARANCE SALE.
THIRD PORTION of the BEAUTIFULLY GROWN
NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs. Ewing & Co.,
who are giving up their Business.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
the old-established Nurseries at Eaton, near Norwich, on
WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, November 7 and 8. at 12
o'clock precisely each day, the Third Portion oi the Valuable
NURSERY STOCK, compribing about 10,000 choice Conifers
and Evergreens, in immense variety ; a fine collection of Ivies
and other Hardy Climbers ; many thousands of Fruit Trees,
beautifully grown and trained for Pyramids, Bushes, Walls,
open Standards, &c., and consisting of the finest sorts of
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. CHERRIES,
Peaches, Nectarines and Apricots, Filberts and Nuts, Walnuts,
&c ; lo.oco Red and White Currant Bushes ; 10,000 Roses of
the best sorts of Hybrid Perpetuals, Teas, Noisettes, Mosses,
Climbing Roses, &c.
Many thousands of Ornamental— Trees, of large and small
sizes, deciduous flowering Shrubs, Forest Trees, including a fine
lot of young Spruce Fir, Chestnuts, Hazel, &c. The lots will be
so arranged as to suit both Wholesale and Retail Buyers.
May be viewed any working-day prior to the Sale. Cata-
logues on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Valuers,
67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Feltham, Middlesex.
Within 10 minutes' walk of the railway station.
WITHOUT THE SLIGHTEST RESERVE.
GREAT UNRESERVED SALE, under the Will of the late
Mr. Charles Lee.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre-
mises, Lee's Nursery, Feliham, and Hounslow Heath, Middle-
sex, on TUESDAY, November 13, at 12 o'Clock punctually, a
portion of ihe beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK, which
has been carefully prepared for transplanting. It includes a
great variety of handsome Specimen Coniferas, from 2 to 7 feet ;
2000 Golden Yews, i to 4 feet ; 700 Cedrus Deodara, 3 to 7 feet ;
100 Wellingtonia gigantea, 2 to 4 feet ; 300 Abies Englemanni :
2000 Ponticum, Rhododendrons, i% to aj^ feet, many well
budded ; several hundreds of Common Hollies, 7 to 8 feet,
recently transplanted ; 3000 Dwaif Roses, and other Stock.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ;
of Messrs. LEE and SON, Royal Vineyard Nursery, Hammer-
smith, W. ; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
N.B. The Auctioneers beg to call special attention to this
important Sale. It is seldom that such a good stock comes into
the market.
Fetersfield, Hants.
Well-grown NURSERY STOCK.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. C. Bailey to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, the Petersfield Nurseries, Petersfield, Hants,
on WEDNESDAY, November 14, at 12 o'Clock precisely, a
large quantity of valuable NURSERY STOCK, in fine condi-
tion for transplanting, comprising an immense quantity of
Evergreens and Conifers in the borders, amongst which will be
found a large number of handsome specimens, Golden Varie-
gated Hollies, and other stock described in Catalogue.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.C.
Famcombe Nursery, near Qodalming.
London and South-Western Railway, close to Broadwater
Cricket Ground, about eight minutes from old Station.
MR. H. W. COPUS is instructed by
Mr. Kaile to SELL by AUCTION, at the above Nur-
sery, on MONDAY, November 5, at 12 o'clock precisely, an
assortment of fine grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising
thousands of very fine bushy Spruce Fir, Cedrus Deodara (2 to 6
feet), Cupressus Lawsoniana (3 to 6 feet), ditto erecta viiidis,
Irish Yews (1 to 3 feet) ; bushy Common, Caucasian, and
Portugal Laurels (i to 3 feet) ; Ligustrum ovalifolium {2 to 3
feel). Green and Variegated Euonymus, Irish and other Ivies,
Deutria gracilis for potting, Thuia aurea, Abies Douglasii,
Picea Nordmanniana, Finns austriaca,' Rhododendron ponticum.
Variegated and Green Hollies, Box, amongst which will be
found fine specimen Border Plants;; Currants, Gooseberries,
Rhubarb Plants, 8000 Asparagus {2-yr.), Seakale, Limes (4 feet),
Norway Maple (8 to 10 feet). Laburnum, Italian Poplar, and
clean-grown Standard and Pyramid Fruit Trees.
A Conveyance will meet the up train arriving at ii.aSj and
the down train arriving at 10.30 at New Godalming Station.
The Nursery is within a few minutes' walk of the old Station.
Catalogues may be had (post-fi'ee) of the Auctioneer, j6.
Friary Street, Guildford.
Hundleby, near Spllsby, Lincolnslilre.
MR. H. SIMPSON will SELLbyAUCTION,
at the Holly Nursery. Hundleby, on TUESDAY,
November 6, at 11 o'Clock precisely, i,coo,ooo ASH, LARCH,
OAK, PRIVET, QUICK. SPRUCE, &c. ; lo.coo Park and
Hedge-row Trees, viz , ELMS, LIMES. SYCAMORES,
BIRCH. &c., 8 to 12 feet; 50C0 Border Shrubs, viz., YEWS,
HOLLIES, BOX, LAURELS, &c.
Particulars on Cards.
MR. JNO. COWAN will SELL by AUC-
TION, as the City Hall. Eberle Street, Liverpool, on
TUESDAY NEXT, November 6, at 12 o'Clock precisely, a
splendid consignment of ORCHIDS, also CROTONS, DRA-
CAENAS, PALMS. &c.,cx Maskelyne, from Rio de Janeiro ;
also a splendid collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS-
many in flower.
Catalogues on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTI-
CULTURAL COMPANY (JOHN COWAN) LIMITED,
The Vineyard, Garston.
Plants on view morning of Sale.
West Hill, Wandsworth.
SHRUBS, PLANTS, FRUIT TREES, &c.
MR. W. H. COLLIER is instructed by the
British Land Company (Limited) to SELL by
AUCTION, on the Premises, Pntney Lodge, West Hill,
Wandsworth (late the residence of Sigismuod Rucker, Esq.),
on THURSDAY NEXT, November 8, at 11 for 11 o'Clock,
about 270 Lots of SHRUBS, PLANTS, FRUIT TREES, &c.,
consisting of fine specimen Standard Azaleas, Rhododendrons :
golden, variegated, and other Hollies ; Pampas Grass, &c., all
well grown, and fit for moving : also a quantity of Aucuba,
Yucca, Cupressus, Thuia, &c. ; about 150 Pyramid Fruit Trees,
Dwarf, Standard, and (Climbing Roses, the Garden Produce,
Box Edging, &c. ; several Chestnut and Plane Trees, and the
Ornamental SUMMER-HOUSE.
May be viewed any time previous to the Sale ; and Catalogues
obtained on the Premises, and of the Auctioneer, 2.";, Moorgate
Street, London, E.C.
London, East.
Only 5 miles from the Bank of England.
TO BE SOLD, for the low sum of /750
(part of which could remain), to effect a speedy sale, or
would be LET ON LEASE at i,^o, a well established NUR-
SERY in a densely populated district — an Acre of Land,
Cottage, and six Greenhouses.
Full particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS,
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
TO BE LET OR SOLD, near the Great
Northern Railway, Grantham, Lincolnshire, a SMALL
NURSERY, containing about One Acre of valuable Land, with
a good Dwelling-house, a Vinery, and Cold Pits. The ground is
well stocked with a line collection of Fruit Trees, Strawberries,
Roses, and Herbaceous Plants. Given up in consequence of ill-
heahh, with immediate possession. For full particulars apply to
Mr. WADE, 85, Westgate, Grantham.
MESSRS. PEED & GREAVES,
Auctioneers and Estate Agents,
1, HOLLAND ROAD. BRIXTON, LONDON. S.W-
THE above Firm will be happy to Furnish
Estimates or Terms for the SALE by PUBLIC AUCTION
of all Classes of NURSERY and FLORIST STOCK, either
at the Nurseries of Clients, or to be removed to the Sale Rooms,
as above. Mr. W. G. PEED (son of Mr. John Peed, the
well-known Exhibitor, Nurseryman, and Florist), by his practical
knowledge of the Trade, the nomenclature of alt classes ot
Plants and Trees, as also his intimate knowledge of the value
of every variety of Nursery Stock, can guarantee a like com-
petency and thoroughness of Sale only possessed by one well-
known firm in the Trade, and Messrs. P. & G. will undertake
any such Sales at lowest possible terms.
Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist ajid Seed
BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS.
All the leading kinds, 2f. per loo.
JOHN SCOTT AND CO., Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset.
FOR SALE, Large Fruiting PEACH and
NECTARINE TREES, 15 to 18 feet aaoss. Moved
last year. Sorts and price on application.
W. AND J. BROWN, Stamford.
BERMUDA EASTER LILY
(Lilium Harrisii). — A large stock of excellent bulbs,
2^. 6d, each. 245-. per dozen.
LENT LILY— bulbs 3^. €,d per 100, sor. per 1000.
Priced CATALOGUES of our immense and very varied stock
of Bulbous Flower Roots, &c., post-free on application to
JAMES DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nurseries, Chester.
HOLLY for HEDGES.— 12 to 15 inches, i^s. ;
15 to 18 inches, 35^. ; 18 to 24 inches, 50J. per 100.
Forest LIST, containing heights and prices of well-grown trans-
planted Quick, Ash, Larch, Spruce, Pines, Oaks, Cover
Plants, &c. . free. „ ,
RICHARD SMITH and C0.» Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND VIOLAS,
BEDDING PANSIES, HARDY PERENNIALS,
ALPINES, &C.— One uniform price, if. per dozen, trans- ,
planted. Land sold for Railway Extension. Guinea Garden
Collection increased to thirty dozen, worth £fi ; half, f2s.
CATALOGUE gratis.
JOHN PIRIE AND CO., Stechford Birmingham.
November 3, 1883;]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
551
BERMUDA EASTER LILY (Lilium longi-
floruiii Harisii). — Having ordered direct a large miantity
of the best procurable bulbs from America, we arc enablcl to
offer the true variety at the low price of 25. td. each. More
than forty beautiful pure white trumpet-shaped flowers have
been produced from a single bulb. For farther description of
this valuable acquisition, see Bulb LIST, free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and Nursery-
men, Worcester.
To the Trade.
HOME GROWN VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special offers of all the varieiies of VEGETABLE
and AGRICULTUAL SEEDS they have grown this season
from choice selected stocks. The quality of the seeds is ex-
cellent, and the prices are very low.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
DUTCH BULBS.
All first size and quality. Cash prices.
HYACINTHS, finest named, 45., 51., and 6j. per dozen ; ditto,
finest for beds. 25. 6rf. per dozen.
TULIPS, finest named, 55. to 8f. per 100 ; ditto, finest mixed,
double or single, i,s. per 100.
CROCUSES, first size, all kinds to name, is. dd. per 100.
The CITY SEED and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch
Street, and 80, St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C.
FRUIT TREES (74 acres).—
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. CHERRIES, PEACHES,
NECTARINES. APRICOTS. &c., as Standards, Dwarfs,
Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety.
VINES, excellent canes, 31. 6d. to loi. 6rf. ORCHARD
HOUSE TREES in pots, from st. FIGS, from 3s. td.
Descriptive LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of
Trees, with directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure,
Pruning, Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under Glass : also infor-
mation as to Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin, Colour, Flesh,
Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Se.ason. Price, &c., free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.
Kent, The Garden of England.
300.000 FRUIT TREES in 600 varieties.
GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.
beg to intimate that their stock was never finer, and
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them-
selves. The New Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps. Reference LIST free.
The Kent Roses do Live.
Extra well-rooted stuff, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone. — Established 1796.
CATALOGUE of FERNS, illustrated and
descriptive, with Cultural Notes. Three stamps.
CATALOGUE of ALPINE PLANTS, illustrated and de-
scriptive. Free on application.
LIST of HARDY ORCHIDS, with full cultural mstruc-
tions. Free on application.
The following e.\pression of opinion is from one of the highest
authorities in the land on the subject of Ferns :— " ^ ^ * I have
gone very carefully through your list, and, without compliment-
ing you, it is by far the best nurseryman's list of British Ferns
out."
F. W. AND H. STANSFIELD, Nurserymen, Sale, near
Manchester.
GrowtH 1883.
SEAKALE SEED, plain CRESS, Green
Curled ENDIVE, Variegated KALE, selected Curled
PARSLEY. BROCCOLI.
C. FREEMAN, Seed Grower, Norwich.
To tlie Trade.
FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS. — Three
Millions, chiefly Home-grown i-yr. LARCH. &c., will
be sold on the most reasonable terms. Samples and prices on
application to
PETER BLAKE, Nurseryman, Summer Hill, Co. Meath,
Ireland.
Sharpe'a Seeds.
CHARLES SHARPE and C O.,
Seed Growers and Seed Merchants, Sleaford, will
be glad to forward. Post-free on application. Special Whole-
sale quotations of their own selected stocks of Garden and Agri-
cultural Seeds. Sleaford.— Oclobtr, 1883.
Tea Boses— Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool
Special Culture of
FRUIT TREES and ROSES.— A large and
select stock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The Desciipiive CATALOGUE of Roses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth. Herts.
ARDY ORCHIDS.— Twelve choice kinds,
including six exotic, with full cultural instructions, sj.
STANSFIELDS. Sale.
Fruit Trees to Oflfer.
STANDARD APPLES and PEARS, also
PURPLE and WEEPING BEECH. Price per 100 on
application to
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery. Chertsey,
Surrey.
Mitchell's Gooseberry.
WM. MITCHELL now offers to the Trade
Cuttings of this extraordinary variety of Goosberry,
which is the largest and greatest cropper known. To all
Growers, Salesmen, and Buyers attending Covent Garden
Market this fine variety is too well known to need description.
Cuttings, ^5 per looo.
WM. BROADLANDS, Enfield Highway, N.
JAMES SMFth AND SONSrDar^^ale
Nurseries, near Matlock, begs to offer the following in
nice plants ;— '
AZALEA PONTICA, i to 1% foot, 20^. per 100, or igos. per
loco : I % to 2 feel, 30J. per 100, or 280J. per 1000.
BERBERIS DARWINII, i to ij^ foot, i8j. per 100. or i6ox.
par 1000 ; ij4 to 2 feet, 25^. per 100, or 220J. per 1000.
H
S
EEDS of CLIVIA MINIATA,
fertilised by C. Lindeni X C. robusta.
12 SEEDS, Rtiaranteed .. 5 francs.
100 I, ,, .. 40 francs.
1000 ,, ,, .. 350 francs.
Free by Post.
ED. PVNAERT, Ghent. Belgium.
To the Trade.
HUGH LOW AND CO.
offer:— f per 100.
ACACIA ARMATA. well buddad, extra fine, 755. and locj.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, 75^., loos. and 150J. per loo.
CAMELLIAS, well budded, 175J. and aooi. per 100.
ERICA CAFKRA, in flower, 60s. per 100,
ERICA GRACILIS, in flower, 60s. per 100.
ERICA HYEMALIS, showing colour, 75s. per loo, [loo.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, extra fine, isoJ. and 200s. per
GENISTAS, 66s. 8,/. and icos. per 100.
LATANIA BORBONICA, well shaped sturdy plants, 150s.
SOLANUMS, berried, sos. and 75s. per ico. [per ico
Clapton Nursery, London, E,
THE ** GREENHOUSE AND BORDER"
GUINEA COLLECTION OF BULBS.
Consisting of Bulbs selected for both Indoors and Outside, in
great varitty; including the beautiful New Blue Wood Ane-
mone (Robinsonii), Chionodoxa Luciliae, Galanthus Elwcsii, and
Dondia epipactis. Carriage and Pac/ciif;e Free.
6 Chionodoxa LuciliEe.
12 Hyacinths, choice for bor-
6 ,, choice for pols. [derf.
12 Narcissus, for pots.
12 „ for borders.
12 Jonquils.
6 Alliums.
12 Oxalis.
3 Snowdrop Elwesii.
50 Tulips, assorted.
12 Ranunculus,
2 Dondia.
200 Crocus, assorted.
50 Snowdrops.
35 Anemones.
6 Muscari.
4 Lilies
4 TritODias.
6 Scillas.
6 Triieleia odorata.
25 Winter Aconites.
6 Brodixa.
12 Dog's-tooth Violets.
12 Saxifrage.
Double the above Quantities for £2. Half ike above
Quantities for 17s., Carriage Paid.
Our CATALOGUE of BULBS and PLANTS, including
Specialities, free on application.
JNO. JEFFERIES & SONS, CIRENCESTER.
50 ACRES, SPLENDID QUALITY. |
--. yiy Pronoicnced ^^ Unequalled'' i
'^"^^^ Ay competait judges. \
m • I
jjN^td — ;^i^JJlM^ Prices strictli) (Pobcnitct
^P^«iiW If/^^TJ! FOR I
^\ffr1y^ CATALOGUES. \
\^v:W>^' Nurseries 200 Acres \
i XiS^Wsl/ IN EXTENT. ►
j gclinblr nito-.iiia. Address in full— \
I THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, |
i — ^^- Cbester.
F
OR SALE, a quantity of selected Critten-
den's Cluster DAMSON TREES, Half and Standard.
A. SEARS. Mr. Skinner's Farm. East Farleigh, Kent.
ORSE CHESTNUTS for Avenues, about
100 fine, from 12 to 15 feet, transplanted last March.
Also CUPRESSUS L.\WSONIANA, 4 to 6 feet : PINUS
STROBUS, 4 to 6 feet ; THUIA ELWANGERIANA, 2;^ to
3 feet ; American ARBOR-VIT.E. 3 to 4 feet, &c. Apply to
THOS. WOODFORD, The Nurseries, Atherstone.
Roses.— Fruit Trees.— Fruit Tree Stocks.
SPECIAL OFFER at REDUCED PRICES,
Delivered free to London.
30,000 ROSES, fine standards. No. i and No. 2. choice,
18,000 „ fine half-standards, No. i and No. 2, choice.
45,000 ,, fine low-budded on Manetti, No. i and No. 2,
choice.
20,000 ,, fine low-budded on Brier roots, No. i and No. »,
50,000 ,, fine, own roots, well assorted. [choice.
10,000 „ fine, own roots. Souvenir de la Malmaison.
300,000 ,, Brier seedling stocks.
100.000 STOCKS. Manetti, No. 1 and No. 2.
25,oco ,, La Grifferaie, No. i and No. 2.
100.000 PEARS. PEACHES. PLUMS, APRICOTS,
APPLES, and CHERRIES, fine i-yr. budded.
30,000 PEARS and APPLES, pyramid, fine 2-yr. budded.
15,000 PEARS. APPLES. PEACHES, APRICOTS,
PLUMSandCHERRIES.formed in pyramids and
palmette. fine extra transplanted.ready to give fruits.
2.oco,oco FRUIT TREE STOCKS, of every kind and
choice, such as Quince ; Apple, i-yr. and trans-
planted ; Pears, i-yr, and transplanted ; Plums,
St. Julien, Myrobalan, Mahaleb ; common Cherries
(Cerasus avium).
10,000,000 FOREST TREES and Ornamental SHRUBS,
young stocks, 1 and 2-yr., and transplanted.
PRUNUS PISSARDL
This .splendid ornamental tree, with its red leaves and black
wood foliage, keeping red until frost, is offered per 100 and 1000,
at low prices. A few hundred fine Specimens on standards.
The prices of the Roses, Fruit Trees, and Fruit Tree Stocks
are very low and advantageous, and will be sent on demand.
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chaleney (Seine), pres Paris,
France. Established 1827.
Persons wishing to be assured of being supplied in full for the
next season, must send their demands and orders at the earliest
moment. Mr. L. Paillet is ready to make immediately a
contract for any quantities of the above stocks.
A Catalogue, printed in English, will be sent on application.
A Gay Conservatory.
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, 2J^. 6a'., 4^., and
6j. per dozen, according to size.
HERBACEOUS CALCEOLARIAS, \s. f>d. per dozen, from
stores.
SOLANUMS, full of berries, CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS,
TREE CARNATIONS, DEUTZIA GRACILIS, in pots
for early blooming, Cs,, gs., 12s., and i8j. per dozen. Three
at same rates,
HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUS, SPIR^.AS. LILIES.
&c.— see Catalogue.
AZALEAS, Ghent, mollis, Pontica, or indica, all with buds, for
Forcing, 18s., 24s., and y-<s. per dozen.
\VM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
ROSES (20 acres). — Well-rooted, many
shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and
of the best kmds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8j, per
dozen, 60s. per 100 ; packing and carriage free for cash with
order. Standards, jss. per dozen, or 100 free for 120s, These
world-'amed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction.
Descriptive LIST free on applicition.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
CABBAGE— CABBAGE.— Extra strong and
fine Plants of autumn sown Early Rainham, Early Enfield
Market, Early Bnttersea, and Early Nonpareil, v. per 1000 ;
Robinson's Champion Drumhead, 2s. per 1000. Tne above are
well-rooted, and free frcm club. No better plants can be had.
Post-olfice Order, or reference from unknown correspondents.
Free on rail. Samples on application. Apply,
W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford, Surrey.
Outdoor riowera In Spring.
DAISIES, Red, White, Rose, &c. ; POLY-
ANTHUS. Single PRIMSOSES in variety of colours,
WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS, gd. per
dozen, 4J. and 51. per 100. PANSIES and VIOLAS
(colours separate), ARABIS, ALVSSUM. SILENE
COMPACTA, AUERIETIAS, MYOSOTIS, is. 6d. per
dozen, 8j. per 100. Or 500 assorted Spring-flowering Plants
for T-js. 6d. ; i coo for 311. 6d.
TULIPS, various colours, 5^-. per 100 CROCUS, is. 6d. and
2s. per 100 SNOWDROPS, 2s. 6d. per 100. Border
HYACINTHS, i8x. per 100, NARCISSUS, of sorts, 51.
and 75. 6d. per 100. Or 500 assorted Spring-flowering Bulbs
for 1 2 J. ; 1000 for 2 IS.
HEPATICAS, Blue and Red, Double PRIMROSES, White,
Lilac, or Sulphur, 35. 6d. per dozen,
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
ERBACEOUS, ALPINE, and ROCK
PLANTS.
Collections of iQo choice varieties .. ^os.
,, 50 ,, „ .. zys.Sd.
,, 25 ,, „ .. lor. 6d.
Packing free and extra plants sent to compensate for carriage.
R. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston,
Birmingham.
Beautiful Flowers for Gardens.
POTENTILLAS, PYRETHRUMS, DEL-
PHINIUMS. lovely hardy flowers for CultinK or Garden
Bloom. Named, 5^. per dozen.
SPLENDID PHLOXES, Pentstemons, Pinks, Pansies, in the
finest varieties, 3^. 6d. per dozen.
HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, the most showy sorts
(too numerous to mention here— see Catalogues for List).
3^. per dozen, 21^. per 100.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, good e.ihibition sorts, &.
per dozen plants. Fine Clove and Border Self varieties,
41. per dozen — all from layers.
LILIES, candidum. Orange, and Tiger Lilies, 3^. per dozen.
Many other sorts in Catalogue.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
ROSES, TREE CARNATIONS
CLIMBERS, &c.
My CATALOGUE of above is now ready, and contains, in ad-
dition to above. Selections of PANSIES, BEDDING VIOLAS,
CLOVES, CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, PHLOXES, PV-
RETHRUMS, DELPHINIUMS, and many others.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
Vines -Vines— Vines.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this season, as
usual, a splendid stock of VIN ES, suitable for Fruiting in Pots
and Planting Vineries. Also a fine stock of Mar^chal Niel»
Gloire de Dijon, and other TEA ROSES.
Descriptive Priced LIST on application.
The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
RAMLEY'S SEEDLING APPLE
Certificated at the Great Apple Congress in London.
DWARF MAIDENS, is. 6rf. each.
„ BUSH, 2J. each.
STANDARD, 5 feet boles, 21. 6d. each.
HENRY FRETTINGHAM. Beeston Nurseries, Notts.
EAKALE ROOTS (Forcing), ASPARA-
GUS ROOTS (Forcing). — A considerable quantity
Must be cleared, the land being let.
C. FREEMAN, Norwich.
EIGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb*
ing and bedding, from 12s. to 24^. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
DWARF ROSES, splendidly rooted, the
best sorts, 6s. per dozen, (rom ground : fifty for 21s.
TEA ROSES, in pots, i=.s. per dozen, fifty for 505.
FINE CLIMBING PLANTS, Hardy, for Walls, Trellises,
Arbours, Rockeries, &c., in twelve varieties, 6^. and gs.
FINE HARDY HEATHS and other Dwarf American Plants,
in variety, 4s. and 6s. per dozen.
PRETTY DWARF SHRUBS of various kinds, for Pots,
Boxes, Winter Bedding, &c., in variety, 4s. or 6.1. per dor.
PRETTY TABLE PLANTS, in variety, for immediate use,
6s., gs-t and 125. per dozen.
BEAUTIFUL FERNS, twelve sorts, 4s. 6d., 6s., or gs.
For all classes of Plants, Bulbs, See(ds, Fruit and other Trees,
Shrubs, or Garden Sundries, see our Calalonues.
Many acres of ground and many thousand feet of glass are
stocked with the best of everything in the respective classes.
Visitors invited.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
552
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 18
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
S0,000 PALMS,
including Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Corypiias, Plioenix. CocosWeddelliana, Caryotas,
&c. ; FERNS, in 48's and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, lor
flowering this season ; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, lASMINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS ;
Tuberous and Foliage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Wallc from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BBITISH FERNS
and SEIiAGINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
ST
-THE OLD ESTABLISHED-
NURSERY^ SEED &IMPLEMENT BUSINESS
'■^.i^nnilSI ITV IISDICTV o EVTrw-p'^y
QUALITY VftRIETY & EXTENT
^rj FOREST • FR UIT • V\l/-
,*< 4 ALL OTHER >*
JV\TREES i PLANTS/ 4-
StRW^^SisE^^ts!-^:
PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE
JAMESDlckSON&SONS
"'NEWTON' NURSERIES
- — ^ CHESTER
FRUIT TREES,
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS,
FOREST TREES,
Roses, Rhododendrons, Climbers, &c.
Large and Healthy Stock, in Prime
Condition for Removal.
Catalogues free by Post, on application to
J. CHEAJD & SONS,
Lowfield Nurseries,
CRAWLEY, SUSSEX.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25^. per 100, or 4J.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.
BOUVARDIAS. — Fine, bushy, healthy
plants, of A. Neuner, Dazzler, and others, 40J. per 100.
Tree CARNATIONS, best free blonming kinds, 405. per loa.
Mrs. SINKINS, best white CLOVE CARNATION, for
forcing, loj. per loo.
W. JACKSON, Elakedown, near Kidderminster,
NNIE ELIZABETH APPLE, which has
been shown so well and highly spoken of at the Apple
Congress. Trees can be supplied by the introducers,
HARRISON AND SONS, Leicester.
EED POTATOS. — St. Patrick, School-
master. White Elephant, Reading Abbey, Snowflake,
Ashleaf, and Beauty of Hebron.
C. FREEMAN, Seed Grower. Norwich.
EADING HERO.— A few Tons of this
famous POTATO for Sale. Price £8 per ton, or gi.
per cwt., on rail, baes included. Cash with order.
J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, West Brighton, Sussex.
CARNATIONS, &c. — Superb Exhibition
vars., 15J. per dozen pairs ; ditto. Continental vars. , 125.
per dozen pairs ; Border varieties, in separate colours, 5^. per
dozen plants ; ditto. Mixed (all double flowers), 3^. td^ per
dozen ; Herbaceous PjEONIES, a magnificent collection, pur-
chaser's selection, 95., 125., and 15J. per dozen ; strong plants.
J. J. MARRIOTT, Highfield Nurseries, Matlock.
AZALEA MOLLIS,
Nice bushy plants, with is to 30 flower-buds, foj. per
100, £12 per 1000 ; stronger, with 30 to 50 flower-buds, 130^.
per 100, ^48 per 1000. Great reduction of prices for many
thousands ordered at once.
ED. PYNAERT, Ghent, Belgium.
PICOTEES and CARNATIONS,
AND CLOVES.
We have again Purchased all the Surplus Stock (6000) of
Mr. DoDWELL, who has been for many years the Champion
Amateur and greatest Raiser and Grower that ever lived ; these,
together with our own i6.oco Plants, enables us to supply such
better than any other firm. Send for a CATALOGUE. The
extraordinary bed of these at Hampton Court was supplied by
us, and just to show the sensation they made, we are specially
appointed to supply a similar collection for Hyde Park for next
year.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
THE HOME OF FLOWERS,
SWANLEY, KENT.
CHRYSANTHEMUM
EXHIBITION.
E. G. HENDERSON & SON
Invite Visitors to view the above
in their Winter Garden,
PINE-APPLE NURSERY,
MAIDA VALE, LONDON', N.W.
The following are offered at exceptional
low prices ; —
ORCHIDS.
s. a,
12 choice free flowering sorts for 21 o
12 „ ,, extra size 30 o
12 „ ,, very choice selected .. 42 o
100 in 50 sorts for . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 o
ICO in ICO sorts lor . . . . . . . . . . . , 400 o
HARDY CLIMBERS.
12 sorts, for Covering Walls, Trellis, &c., extra strong,
3 feet to 6 feet, including the new Japanese Climb-
ing Hydrangeas 12.J., or 18 o
12 smaller siies .. .. .. 80
New Catalogues.
CHARLES TURNER'S New Descriptive
CATALOGUES for the season are now ready, com-
prising Roses, Fruit Trees, and all kinds of Hardy Trees and
Shrubs ; also Carnations, Picotees, Auriculas, and olher
Florist Flowers, Bulbs. &c.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
To the Trade.
SEAKIALE, for FORCING. — Selected
Crowns of the Fulham variety, at 9^. per 100 : 8oj. per
1000, Cash in one month. Fine Dwarf Maiden Moorpatk
APRICOTS, PEACHES, NECTARINES, CHERRIES and
PLUMS— Ojiora'i tnie stock.
WILL. TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.
L ILIUM AURATUM, Home-grown, unpre-
cedented bulbs — see Gardeners' Chronicle, October 27 ;
also extra strong SEAKALE. Prices 00 application.
COLLINS BROS, and GABRIEL, 39, Waterloo Road, S.E.
MANETTI STOCKS for Sale — 50,000,
good, clean grown. Cheap, to clear the Ground. For
sample and price
W. ATKINS, Westeiham Hill, Kent.
MANETTI STOCKS. — Clean and hard,
fine for Grafting, 30J. per 1000. Package fiee for cash.
KIRK ALLAN, The Nursery, Fen Drayton, near St. Ives,
Hunts.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE KEFUSE.
4(f. per bushel : loo for 2ss : truck (loose, about 2 tons),
405. ; 4-busheI bags, ^d. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6d. per sack ;
5 sacks, 255 ; sacks, \d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 221. ; sacks,
^d. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, li. goT. per bushel ; 151. per half
ton, 26J. per ton ; in 2 bushel baes, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD, ij. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, Ss. (,d. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCOCLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. WmeforFree
Price LIST.— H. G. SBIYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides, and all Parasites.
To prevent American Blight, all kinds of Scale, &c., and
for Washing all Hara-wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
Testimonials.
"Coton Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury', July 28, 1S80.
" We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
"201, Broad Street, Birmingham, August 15, 1883.
"Dear Sir, — I have lately tried Hudson's Kxtract of Soap
for the mildew on my Rose trees in the greenhouse, and I find
that with one syringing it completely cures it instantly. I should
say I tried it some time ago with the same result. Yours truly,
(Signed) •' W.JAMES.'
SOLD EVERYWHERE.
REMARKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of aJl DIRT from EVBKYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants, Stc. £,(, 6i. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 15^. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5J. ; 5 Bags,
2!J. 61/. ; 10 Bags, 45J. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
loj 6<;. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 521. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, ^Cs per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25J. per Truck of 6 tons,
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station, Hants.
PUMPS and PUMPING MACHINERY
Of every description for Steam, Water, Wind,
Horse, or Manual Power,
Prices upon application with particulars of requirements.
Warner's Garden, Farm, or
Greenhouse Lift Pumps.
Warner's Improved Farmer's Fire Engine, or
Portable Force Pump for Manure,
Warner's Portable Pump, with
Improved Valves for Liquid
Manure.
J. WARNER & SONS, Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers,
CRESCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C.
November 3, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
553
COCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, :is supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society atid
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at \s. y1. each, or
15 sacks. i8j, ; 30 sacks, ^i 55., sacks included. Truck-load,
lonse, ^ir. ; fifteen Iiajis or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-oillce Older or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab*
lished 1872 -J. STEVKNS and CO., " Greyhound " Yard,
and 11?-, High Street. Baltersea, S. W.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, i5v:c,, of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Light or
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tons, 48^.
each Selected PEA r,3j,persack. SILVER SAN D and LEAK
MOULD, 8f/. per bushel Sacks, (>d. each. Remittance with
order \\. LAMBERT. Ringwood.
Tor Beautiful Rowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
GUARANTHBD ABSOLUTELY PuRB. FrEK FROM ANY
Foreign Intermixture, Manufactured on the premises
from the lamous '* Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from u? direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales : "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants. &c.
DESTROYS AliL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegoyit Bordering to Fltnver Beds. Covibines ivamith
and cL'anlhicss ivitk valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
IS. 6d. each; 10 sacks, it.s. ; 15 sacks, i8j. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ;
30 sacks, 30J. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine nrticle, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, cHUBB, ROUND & CO..
Fibre Works. West Ferry Road, Millwall, London. E.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PEEPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIEBE,
TOBACCO CLOTH. &c.
Quality the Best in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4s. 6d. per sack ; s sacks for 20s.
,, best black fibrous .. 3^. 6d, per sack ; 5 sacks for 15J.
„ extra selected Orchid .. .. 5s. od. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. ..\
PREPARED COMPOST, best ..[is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. .. f included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) . .. ij. 3* per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. lorf. per lb,
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. Sa". per lb.,28 lb. l8j.
,. PAPER, finest imported speciality 8t/. per lb., 28 lb. i8j.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, all .selected. 2j. per bushel, 6s. per sack.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO-
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure,
Manufactured by tlie
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COWIPANY
(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by tltefii and nil Nurserymen and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords,
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
EUREKA!!! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist. Edinburgh.
In Bottles, is., is., and y. td. each. -js. dd. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
testimonial.
" C lone n/ords, by Galashiels. N.B.,yuly2S,jSS2. — Mr. Smith:
Dear Sir, we have now tried your Insecticide on all the
Insects we can find on any of our Plants, including^ Orchids, and
used as directed by you, we find it instant destruction to them
all, while it neither stains nor injures the tenderest leaf. We
shall in future Ube no Fir Tree Oil or other Insecticide but
yours,— We are, yours truly, WM. THOMSON and SONS."
Wholesale Aeents-IRELANp and THOMSON,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, &c.
Superior quality, .it exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 4s. M. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from 51. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from 6s. per sack.
LOAM, Yellow Fibrous, is. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best, ij. per bmhcl.
PEAT MOULD, is. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, ij. 6rf. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, gii. per pound,
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, from«rf. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, ij. 6ti. per b.tg ; per truck-
load of about 2 tons, 35J.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 41. 6,i. per bap;.
VIRGIN CORK, i3s. per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. W£BBEB, 31, Glengarry Road, East Dulwlcb, S.E.
r:i ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
V-* of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
1 to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparatioiisintended to supersede it. In Boxes, u. ,31.,^ 10s. 6d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is muoh used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Odmen, with testimonials and directions lor use, in boxes, tui
and r J. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited), London.
To the Seed and Nursery Trade.
ROLL TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH,
CORD, of reliable quality ; extremely moderate prices.
Terms on application.
RICHARDSON AND CO., Tobacco Works, Leith.
Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark )
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" Piercejield Park, June ix, 1S76.— Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefieid Park, Chepstow.— I am. Sirs, yours re-
spectfully, Wm. Cox."
CAUTION.— ^MA. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they leceive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c., sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks. Staffordshire;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow.
ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—
The Warmest Coveiings for Pits and Frames.
Sizes— 6 ft. 6 in. X 3 ft. 9 in. , 21. ; 6 ft, 6 in. >: 4 ft. 6 in , zj. id, ;
6ft. 6in. X 7fl., 35. -zd. Apply to
Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton. Tring, Bucks.
Russia Mat Mercbants.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9, James
Street, Covent Garden, W.C., can olTer a very fine parcel
of new ARCHANGEL MATS at a very low price. Immense
stock of PETERSBURG MATS and RAFFIA FIBRE.
PROTECT YOUR P LANTS
?f
fRIGmOMQ
REGISTERED
trade'mARK
From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds.
A perfect Non-conductor of Heat, keeping
Wherever it is applied an even Temperature.
To be liad 0/ all Nurserymen and Florists.
fOR TRICE LISTA PARTICULARS ADDRESS'
DENJAMINrDGINGTON
IJ 2DI/KE S^ tLilONDONBR/OSE
RUSSIA
M ATS.
25,000 Common DUNNAGE MATS, at 20J. per loo.
ARCHANGEL, TAGANRfiG, and PETERSBURG MATS,
as per CATALOGUE just issued.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E.
RUSSIAN
MATS.
T BLACKBU
f' • are ctTeiinK ARCHA
RN AND SONS
;ANGEI. MATS at a lower rale
than for the last ten years lor present orders. PETERSBURG
MATS and MAT BAGS. Having bought neatly the whole
stock from Cronstadt, we are prepared to sell at low rates.
Prices and samples on application at
4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C.
TNDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
J- looyardsfor loj., delivered at Burnley Station; or 85 yards
for las., delivered free per Parcels Post. Very useful pure Cotton
for Curtains, Blinds. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley.
ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork. Raflia, Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Thames St., London, E.C.
LABELS.
WATERPROOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
CO.,
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
Under tbe Fatronaga of the Queen.
T SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
O . STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels arc made of a White Metal, with raikbd
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these tha
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit.'*
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-AvoB.
CABSON'S PAINT.
Patronised by
HER MAJESTY,
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES,
15,000 OF THE NOBILITV, GeNTRV, AND ClKRGV.
Is extensively used for all kinds of
OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES,
Greenhouses, Frames.
CAN BE LAID ON BV UNSKILLED LABOUR.
I Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Station!,
Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free,
C ARSON S,
LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL,
LONDON. E.C. ;
BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN;
and 55, ROYAL AVENUE. BELFAST.
Discount for Cash,
UNDER 8PECL4.L ROYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sbeep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£2 i6j. dd. , sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see tnat the
name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
SPECIALLY CHEAP GLASS.
Packing Cases free and not returnable.
100 Squares, good Glass, at the following priees, in Leeds :—
15 oz.
13K W 8 for 91. td.
12 by 9 for 9^. dd,
14 by 10 for I3J-. dd.
15 by 9 for IV- ^d.
HENRY WAINWRIGHT
21 oz.
13K Ijy 8 for I2J. 6rf.
12 by Q for \-2S. td.
14 by 10 for i8i. od.
15 by 9 fof 185. od.
Glass and Lead Merchant,
and 10, Alfred Street, Boar Lane, Leeds.
554
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883,
FOR SALE, 7000 Standard and 2000 Bush
ROSES.
Apply MANAGER, The Hall Gardens. Bushey, near Watford.
O^R^ PEED AND SONS
beg to inform their Patrons that the Sales held at
Messrs. B. PEED and SON'S, of Norbiiry Nurseries,
Lower Streatham, are in no way connected with them.
Our Postal Addkess is Roupell Park Nurseries, near
Tulse Hill Station, S.W.
BRANCH NURSERIES, for Fruit, Roses, and Forest
Trees, Mitcham Road, Streatham, S.W.
SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.— 200,000 Dwarf
ROSES, on Manetti, fine, our own selection, 25J. per
100, ^,11 per I030. 300,000 MANETTI STOCKS, fine, 301.
per 1000, ^13 per 10,000. 10,030,000 ASPARAGUS, 2-yr.
Cotmover's, 17^. dd. per icoo : 3-yr. Connover's, 20^. per 1000 :
2-yr. Giant, iss. per 1000 ; 3-yr. Giant, 17^. td, per 1000, for
Cash with all Orders, otherwise will not be attended to.
R. LOCKE, Royal Nurseries and Rose Farms, Redhill, Surrey.
NEW APPLE,
"HEREFORDSHIRE BEEFING."
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
(LIMITED)
have much pleasure in now offering, for the
first time, good healthy young trees of this
valuable, late-keeping Apple, which for beauty
and general good qualities they have every
confidence in stating is unsurpassed. The tree
is upright in habit, very vigorous and healthy
in growth, never faiHng to produce, even in the
most unfavourable seasons, abundant crops of
large and very handsome fruit. Colour deep
red all over ; flesh white, very firm, crisp and
juicy. It will keep in good condition till June,
and is excellent for either dessert or culinary
purposes.
This excellent Apple was much admired by
all who saw it at the Great Apple Congress
recently held at Chiswick.
Strong Maiden Trees.. 3s. 6d. each.
,, 2-yr. „ .. 5s. Od. ,,
Fruit Tree Catalogue free on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.
(LIMITED),
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.
CRY8ANTHEIVIU1V18.
The most complete and the best-kept
Collection ever existed.
ALL that want to be quite certain of success
next year and the varieties true to name, should order
at once, as we have many thousands of plants in 4-inch pots, full
of flower-buds, in 55a varieties, occupying nearly half an acre of
ground, of all the best old kinds, dd. each, 5s. per dozen. 30s. per
100. These will not only flower, but may be propagated from at
once, a secret of success. Strong country-grown Cuttings from
under glass, is. dd. per dozen, lor. per 100. All orders e.vecuted
by return of post.
For full and invaluable particulars see our explanatory
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, describing minutely all the
best in cultivation, our house, 250 feet long, containing above
2000 specially grown specimens in large pots, forming continuous
banks 800 feet long.
All are cordially invited to see. Every variety will be pointed
out, with its peculiarities, by competent men acquainted with
nearly every variety, and we hope every lover of these flowers
will allow themselves ample time, so as to closely examine the
entire collection, from the species to the newest varieties just
imported. We will name any good specimen sent to us at zd,
per bloom.
The Journal 0/ Horticulture says :— " In the almost in-
numerable ranges of pits fine collections of Chrysanthemums,
about 600 varieties, are grown ; and an admirable system is
adopted of placing each variety in groups by themselves for
keeping them true to name. Altogether, the wonderful collec-
tion of plants to be found in these Nurseries are both a surprise
and delight to the visitor, and testify more eloquently than
words can do to Messrs. CannelL & Sons' energy."
N.B.— The slglit of our Nine Houses of PELAEGO-
NIUMS, PRIMULAS, CYCLAMEN, SALVIAS, and
BEGONIAS, Will alone repay tlie journey.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
i:im©^c:^^¥f^*^PW
THURSDAY NEXT.-(Sale Ho, 6512.)
VANDA SANDERIANA.
PHAL/ENOPSIS SANDERIANAHN FLOWER.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
November 8, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., strong
healthy plants of VANDA SANDERIANA, rooting freely, amongst them a very fine
Established Specimen with two growths and twenty-four fine healthy leaves ; ODON-
TOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI, from a new locality, probably the finest specimens hitherto
offered; O. TRIUMPHANS, O. HASTILABIUM, CATTLEYA MENDELII, ONCIDIUM
CUCULLATUM.
At the same time will be offered Established Plants of CATTLEYA TRIANyE, with flower-
sheaths ; a strong plant, in flower, of a most lovely and distinct variety of CATTLEYA
ELDORADO, which may fairly be described as the WALLISI form, with the addition of a rich
plum-coloured mark on the lip ; also a strong established specimen of PHALj^.NOPSIS
SANDERIANA — grand variety, with ten buds and flowers on one spike.
On view jtioriiing of Sale, and Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS
AND H EATI NG
ENGINEERS.
VINEEIES
Erected in correct style by
competent men.
CONSEEVATORIES.
GEEENHODSES
For all parts of the World of first-
class materials.
GARDEN FBAMES OF EVKRY VARIETY in Stock or Made to Order.
No. 74.
Three-quarter Span-roof Garden Frame.
Cash Prices, Carriage Paid.
8 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . ^^4 15 o
. . 12 feet long . , 6 feet wide . . 6 10 o
. . 16 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 850
These Frames are 11 inches deep io front, 22 inches deep at
back, and 32 inches in the centre. Front or back lights turn over.
Set-opes are provided for ventilating. AH painted four coats of
best oil colour, the lights glazed with best ?.r-oz. English glass.
Geti£ral CA T A LOG UE post-free, twenty-fain
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 75. Melon or Cucumber Frames.
Cash pRiCES, Carriage Paid.
8 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. ;^3 7 6
12 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 4 17 6
16 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 676
These Frames are 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with an iron bar and
one handle to each light. All painted four coats of best oil
colour, the lights glazed with 21-oz, English glass.
penny stamps. Estimates and Lists post-free.
No. 2
No. 3
No.
HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES. TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &C.
13 U)
" a
a .s
HOT-
'WATER
HAENESS
AFPABATTJS for WAEMING CHUECHES, SCHOOLS, PUBUC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
EOOmS, DEYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS Of EVEEY DESCBIFTION.
November 3, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
555
Bhododendrons and Azaleas.
ISAAC DAVIES and SON have 100,000
RHODODENDRONS to olTer this season, including first-
class Hybrids, fiom i to 4 feet high, and the choicest named
kinds, mostly well-budded, as well as Sweet-scented, and other
Novelties of their Qwn raising. 50,000 AZALEA MOLLIS and
other choice Azaleas, and a hne general NURSERY STOCK,
all extra transplanted and in fine condition for removal.
Descriptive CATALOGUE with prices on application.
Brook Lane Nursery, Ormskirk, Lancashire,
LILIUM HARRISII
(the Bermuda Easter Lily),
one of llie most valuable introductions of late years, a long
trumpet- II uwered white Lily, beautifully retlexed, bearing
frequently from 6 to ro, and has been photographed with over
30 flowers on one spike. Forces in pols with great facility, and
IS so full of vitality that several and continued growths frequently
spring from one bulb. It is quite distinct from L. longil^orum.
Bulbs. 2s. each, 18s. per dozen, 120s. per 100.
Delivcrei free. S/t-cial terms to Trade growers in qttantity.
HOOPER & CO, COVEN T GARDEN. LONDON, W.C.
NEW EARLY RHUBARB,
Charles Kershaw's *' Paragon."
This is unqueitionably the finest variety of Rhubarb ever
oflTertd ; in mild seasons it is ready to pull in February. The
crowns and stalks are produced in such profusion that more
than twice the weight can be pulled from this than from any
other sort. Tlie colour is a splendid red, flavour excellent, and
it has this qualification over all others, it ne\'EK seeds.
PRICE-per Plant, Is. 6d. ; per Dozen, 16s.
Price to the Trade on applica-tion.
For Teslimonials and all other information, see back page
of Gardener:,' Chronicle for October 13. May be had of
all the principal Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, or direct from
CHAKLES KERSHAW,
THE SLEAD SYKE NURSERIES,
BRIGHOUSE.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
2 a''- Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES— Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °^ MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 1784.
ADDRESS .•—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
ENGLISH and CHICHESTER ELMS,
FOR IiMMEDIATE EFFECT.
J NO. JEFFERIES and SONS ofter a few
exira lari;e ENGLISH and CHICHESTER ELMS
16 to i3 lefct, fine straight stems, at 42J. per dozen.
JNO. JEFFERIES AND SONS, Royal Nurseries. Cirencester.
ANTHONY WATERER
Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—
HOLLIES. Common Green, 3,4.5,6.7,810
„ laurifoUa, ditto. ( 10 feet high. |
,, Hodginb", 3. 4. 5 to 8 feet.
„ myrlifolia ditto. I ^j, thousands.
,, Saw-leaved, ditto. '
„ Scottica, 3 to 8 feet.
,, Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others.
„ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6,8 to 10 ft.
„ Waterer's, .-iplendid plants, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet
in circumference.
„ Golden Queen, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of
beautiful specimens.
,, Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful
htads. ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds.
,, new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated. 3, 4. 5. 6. to 7 eet, many
thousands.
YEWS. Common, 3. 4. 5. 6, to 10 feet, thousands.
,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4. 5. 6, to 8 feet,
thousands.
,, Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4. and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, to
10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS. Hpr'y, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and
5 fee', hi^ti, ihousand-i.
JUNIPERS. Cli nese, 7. 8. and 10 feet high.
PICEA PINSAPO. 6 to 8 feet.
,, NOKDMANNIANA, 6, 7. and 8 feet.
Kaap HIU Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.
For Forcing.
ASPARAGUS —ASPARAGUS. — In con-
sequence of ground being sold for building, and must be
cleared, we have to ofler several acres of very fine beds, .strong
plants, 5J. per 100, or 40J. per 1000. Reference required from
unknown correspondents.
RHUBARB— RHUBARB.— Strong roots of
Victoria Rhubarb forforcing, i2J. per doz., or 8oj, per loo.
Planting roots, 50^, p. 100. Special quotations for large quantities.
A. HART iiNU SONS, 152, High Street, Guildford.
Vines.— Vines.— Vines.
WAND E. CRUMP have a splendid
• stock of VINES, short-jointed and wellripened canes,
suitable for fruiting in pots, also for planting vineries. Also a
grand stock of MAIDENHAIR FERNS, in 54*$, fit for imme-
diate use. Price on application to
Ranelagh Gardens, LeamiogtOD.
E W RASPBERRY,
"BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING."
Testimonial from Mr. Thomas Laxton. Bedford : —
'■ ' Baumforth's Seedling ' Raspberry has again proved the best
of all Red Raspberries tried at Girtford (14 varieties)."
Prices — Planting Canes, 25X. per 100, 41. per dozen ; Fruiting
Canes, 35^. per 100, 6j. per dozen.
Early orders respectfully solicited.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, The Yorkshire Seed Esta-
blishment, Hull.
ICOTEES, CARNATIONS, CLOVE S~
&c. — My Annual Autumn CATALOGUE is now ready,
and contains all the best of the above famiUes, and in addition
Collections of ROSES, TREE CARNATIONS, CLIMBING
PLANTS, P/EONIES, SHRUBS, PINKS, &c.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
Orcblds, Bulbs, Lilies.
THE NEW PLANT and BULB COM-
PANY. Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64. containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
KEEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants, being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
A LEXIS DALLIERE, Nurseryman,
i^ Ghent, Belgium, has just published his NEW CATA-
LOGUE of Azaleas, Camellias. Rhododendrons, Ferns. Aroids,
Bromeliads, Cycad?, Pandanus, Palms, Orchids. Ornamental
Plants for Exhibition, New and Rare Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, &c.
The Catalogue will be sent post-free on application to M.
DALLIERE, as above.
N.B. — Prices very moderate.
TMANTOPHYLLUMS.
J- Fresh Seeds, hybridised from the sorts with large flowers,
per dozen, 5J. ; per 100, 30J. ; per 1000. ;£ra.
Forwarded free by post to all parts of the world for cash,
ED. PYNAERT, Ghent, Belgium.
THE OLD FIRM, "VEUVE DTJCHER."
Special Establishment for Rose Culture.
JPERNET FILS— DUCHER,
• 23, Chemin des (Juatres Maisons Guillotiere,
Lyons, France.
NEW ROSES, obtained from seed in this establishment,
are now ready to be distributed.
EDOUARD GAUTIER, Tea, of vigorous habit, like Jean
Pernet— flowers large and globular, full, of excellent shape,
outer petals white shaded light rose on the under surface,
inner petals chamois-yellow, shaded clear rose. A superior
variety, raised from Devoniensis, Tea. 25 francs each.
TREE PEONIES, obtained from seed in this establishment,
and now offered for sale : —
SOUVENIR DE DUCHER — vigorous habit and fine
foliage ; flowers large, full, globular, of a beautilul intense
violet colour shaded with magenta. Its early- flowering and
robust habit render it a variety of superior excellence. Price,
strong plants, 10 francs each.
ROSES by thousands. Dwarfs and Standards of the best
varieties, old and new.
The CATALOGUE will be sent free by post.
1883-A BC BULBGUIDE-1883.
THIS very complete CATALOGUE, which
has been prepared with my customary care, is now
ready, and includes, in addition to a most EXTENSIVE
Selection of General MISCELLANEOUS BULBS,
very extensive and complete collections of NARCISSUS,
LILIUMS (perhaps the finest collection ol these ever
oflered), GLADIOLUS, IRIS, HELLEBORUS, TRIL-
LIU MS, PEONIES, the leading and most distinct
varieties of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, &c.,
and a List of CHOICE HARDY PERENNIALS
adapted for Autumn Planting.
Copies had gratis and post-free upon application to
THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES,
TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from l%s. to 36J. per dozen.
These ■World-famed BOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
THE
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1883.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
CHRYSANTHEMUM PROSPECTS.
WE are now upon the immediate threshold
of the Chrysanthemum exhibition season,
and growers are anxiously watching the expand-
ing of their flowers, and counting their chances in
the numerous contests which offer to them, not
at this winter season in the " tented field," but
rather on the commonplace show tables, where
the competition, if neither fierce nor deadly, is
at least soinewhat crucial and severe. Both the
exhibitors and the public who admire our floral
autumn queen, if they cannot grow her, have
much interest in learning what are the proba-
bilities of the season, and the prospects of the
shows, and the answer seems, as far as our
widely collected information goes, to be
eminently a satisfactory one. 'Tis true that at
this time of the year the weather becomes a
very important factor in the calculations, and a
few days of continuous rain or of fog, or even
of an ordinary damp-charged atmosphere, may
upset much of the exhibitor's anticipation, and
hopelessly destroy his best blooms. That is
one of the possible ill fortunes of preliminary
warfare. On the other hand, however, we may
have some fairly dry, open, cool weather, and
the blooms may be thus retained for a length-
ened period in all their freshness and beauty ;
and if those weather conditions prevail for the
next few days, there is reason to believe that a
really grand display of Chrysanthemum blooms
will mark the present season.
It is curious to find, however, that opinions
seem to differ materially as to whether blooms
are expanding earlier than usual or otherwise,
but some experience seeins to point to earli-
ness rather than the reverse. That such should
be the case may well be anticipated, having
regard to the singularly mild nature of the
autumn, when even the nights, as a rule, have
been mild, and the conditions have been so very
favourable to floral development. But whilst we
find some kinds holding their blooms consider-
ably beyond Christmas, so also are there some
so precocious that they must needs expand their
flowers in October ; and if both these early and
late kinds prove treacherous aids to the exhi-
bitor, at least they render good service in
extending the blooming life of the Chrysanthe-
mum over a long period of the winter season.
Growers of show flowers, however, whilst always
caring a little for both early and late kinds, as
it is never possible to foretell just how the
season may affect flowers, are careful to have
the bulk of their kinds of those mid-season
bloomers that may be relied upon to be at their
best about the middle of November, and, if the
weather be kindly, to be good all through the
month. These kinds are so abundant that
there is little cause for alarm lest any season
should prove early or late ; and therefore we
may take it for granted that diversities of
opinion as to whether the flowers are early or
otherwise have little force generally, and only
affect individuals.
Mild as has been the weather the opinion
556
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3,
prevails that it is less forcing for the blooms
than is a damp time, which renders consider-
able firing needful. In the former case plenty
of air may have been given night and day, and
the atmosphere of the houses kept fairly cool,
dry, and active. When there is much moisture
the houses are kept close shut to exclude it,
and fires are needful to keep it down within ;
and to do this a temperature is created that
really means forcing heat both day and night,
and blooms are not only thus pushed on unduly,
but they lack that solidity and freshness that
characterises naturally developed flowers. All
the surroundings, therefore, point to a very fine
Chrysanthemum season, and we anticipate that
the show tables will shortly be laden with
flowers as fine and as beautiful as have in any
previous year graced the exhibitions.
Owing largely to the difficulty which exists in
the raising of new kinds from seeds, we find
novelties, and especially meritoriously distinct
ones, to be somewhat rare visitants. Sports
yield almost as many novelties as seeds do,
with this advantage, that when a good kind
does sport it always produces a good form
diversely coloured. Still, the fact that such
novelties come sparsely adds greater interest
to their appearance, and if the year gives
but one really meritorious new kind, it has
not been useless. Perhaps, too, the exceed-
ingly fine form, large size, and varied colouring
of the existing varieties, renders the production
of good novelties one of exceeding difficulty.
In any case it needs first-class blooms to run
successfully the gauntlet of public opinion, as
represented by the censorship of myriads of
growers, who may be trusted to understand all
those points which make up a good flower with
absolute implicitness.
Few flowers perhaps have a larger con-
stituency than has the Chrysanthemum, for of
all those that beautify our country gardens
none are so amenable to town culture or more
readily serve to gladden the eyes of the pent-up
citizen or of the free dwelling country residents
at the same time. Its lovers and its growers are,
indeed, countless ; it is everybody's flower. It
may be a queen, but it is everybody's queen ;
indeed, it is a flower for the people, and by the
people it is grown and cherished. That its cul-
ture is widely spreading is evidenced by the
rapid increase of shows, which, if they include
many garden products, at least owe their exist-
ence to the Chrysanthemum more than to any
other element. So quickly are autumn shows
increasing, and so restricted is the period over
which they can extend, that very large numbers
have to be crowded into the fortnight which
comprises the two middle weeks of November.
Because of this there is danger that in some
localities they may clash one with the other,
and by reason of their dispersing the exhibits
over so many areas materially detract from
the average good quality of some of our best
shows. To do that would be a misfortune,
for though some localities must of necessity be
content with mediocrity, yet some others have
high-class reputations, and those it is desirable
should be maintained. We cannot see all
shows, but those which most deserve mention
will, it is hoped, amid the surrounding competi-
tion of minor displays, still attract those finest
and most beautiful exhibits, to see which is to
see all that high culture and human art yet
can accomplish in the production of perfect
flowers.
To those, however, who would grow Chry-
santhemums only as house decorative plants,
and not for show purposes, we can hardly say
that exhibitions offer the best places at which
to look for those peculiar qualities in varieties
that they most desire. Even the plants so
largely grown for competition seldom show
natural habit or floriferousness, and in the
groups arranged for effect the grouping gene-
rally is too crowded to enable the true charac-
teristics of any plants to be fully shown. Perhaps
those who may be looking for selections of good
decorative kinds can hardly do better than
visit our trade growers' establishments, where it
it is now the rule to grow large collections
naturally and well, and to arrange each plant so
that whilst adding its quota to the general
effect yet its individual beauties are never
obliterated in the mass. Such collections,
almost always extensive, are always beautiful.
Our public parks and gardens, too, are not without
very attractive displays, and though seeing a
score of these collections will reveal consider-
able sameness, yet perchance in each one will
be lound some kind, not found in the others,
that is either exceptionally beautiful, novel,
or attractive. Specially may such rarities be
found in the nurserymen's collections, because
it is the business of those who grow for sale to
seek for and present them. We have, indeed,
great reason to bless those who placed the
Chrysanthemum in our paths ; its existence
adds many charms and beauties to our lives ;
and if that existence be now but youthful, who
shall venture to anticipate the glories of its
maturer years ?
A NEW INDIAN CYCAD.
In an article on the distribution of the Conifers!
(C3rrf.C/iTOK.,n. s.,xvi.,Aug. 13, p. 209) we reproduced
S)me remarks from Col. Beddome's Forester s' Manual
of Botany for Southern India on the Gymnosperms of
the Indian peninsula, which has been the means of a
fine new Cycad being made known to botanists and
horticulturists, for it caused Mr. Thiselton Dyer to make
inquiries which resulted in his obtaining specimens.
Colonel Beddome poesessed only a single leaf, but
Mr. H. H. Yarde, Deputy Conservator of Forests,
Cuddapah division, supplied Mr. Dyer with lliving
plants and male and female inflorescences, from which
he has been able to figure and describe this new Cycad
in the Transactions of the Linnean Society, where
it appears as Cycas Beddomei. Mr. Thiselton Dyer
says : — *' The species is so distinct in habit that it is
difficult to indicate its relationship, but on the whole
it appears to me that it might be regarded as a very
reduced form of C. circinalis, its Malabar congener,
though differing from it in many striking particulars.
The only stems I have seen are small, not more than
a few inches high, and clothed with the glabrescent
closely imbricated leaf bases. Leaves about 3 feet
long, 9 inches broad ; rachis subquadrangular ;
petiole about 6 inches long, strongly 4-angled, the
upper third furnished with a few minute teeth, the
base clothed with a tufted tomentum ; leaf-segments
strongly revolute when dry, about \ inch wide. Male
cone about 1 3 inches long, 3 inches in diameter, slightly
stipitate ; scales tapering acuminate from an oblong
deltoid base, erect at the base of the cone, strongly
defiexed in the upper half or two-thirds."
The most striking feature in this new Cycad is
offered by the scales of the male cone, which taper
into long points, erect in the lower part of the cone,
and bent downwards in the upper half or two-thirds.
Vanda hastipera, Hchb. /., Linnaa, 1876, p. 30.
It was in 1872 that I saw a single plant of this —
a remarkably tall specimen — at Director Linden's.
It had a lax raceme of flowers, which surpassed those
of Vanda Boxalli, though they are not equal to those
of V. tricolor. The spatulate undulate sepals and
petals were light yellow, with fine red blotches
inside. The curious lip was white, with brown and
some mauve. Column white, with some brown
spots. The lip has features of its own. The com-
pressed conical spur, and the semi-oblong triangular
side lacinise are not extraordinary. The anterior
part of the blade, however, is hastate, and covered
with hairs at its base. The anterior part is dilatate,
very thick, tumid, blunt, and shining like the finest
dandy boots !
I never again saw a vestige of the plant till
quite lately, when, after an interval of more than a
decennium, Mr. F. Sander sent me well dried flowers
and a good sketch in colours, all prepared in the
Sondaic Archipelago by his zealous and intelligent
traveller, Mr. Foerstermann. I learn that a sma.l
set of living plants is likely to come under the
hammer, and we may hope to become better
acquainted with this plant, the *' Banganayer " (water
twig) of the Malays, as I was told by the excellent
collector. H. G. Rchb.f.
Oncidium TRiFtJRCATUM, Lindl., in Taylor's Ann,
Nat. Hist., XV., 384.
Once more a fine old Orchid of Lindleyan nobility
appears on the scene. It was gathered, indeed, a
second time after the original discovery made by my
late countryman, Hartweg, by my late compatriot
Dr. Krause, whose No. 34 it was amidst the plants
sent to Messrs. Backhouse & Son. I do not believe
the plants came alive, at least I never had informa-
tion of their flowering. Messrs. Backhouse favoured
me with the use of a sketch and a dried flower for the
herbarium. Now I have at hand a fine specimen,
dried by the Roezlian nephew, Mr. Edouard Klaboch,
and kindly forwarded by Mr. Sander.
Dr. Lindley very well compared the plant with
Oncidium serratum. The flowers come near those
of that species in general appearance. The petals,
however, are not combined into a ring, but stand
totally free and spreading. The fine borders of the
reniform blade of upper sepal and petals are distinct
in colour. Dr. Lindley asked whether that colour
was yellow. To this an affirmative answer may now
be given. Dr. Krause represents it fine sulphur. The
lip is crimson-lake, Calli fine light yellow. There
are not such developed fringes on the borders of the
wavy petals and odd sepal as in Oncidium serratum,
but they come near them. The very long side lacinise
of the Up are bent down, and very unusual. Under
the stigmatic hollow stand two sword-like blades, —
which were well observed by excellent Dr. Lindley. H
It is still undecided whether those organs are simply ^
steps or footstools for the use of the insect visitors, or
whether they should be regarded as apparatuses for
cleaning and rubbing of wings, antennae, and legs
and tarsi.
In many points the plants stand near one of the
rarest and finest species, Oncidium lamelligerum, but
which has indeed no such sword-like processes under
the stigmatic hollow. I only have one wild grown
flower, a magnificent thing, a present from Don ^.
Benito, gathered by same Mr. Edouard Klaboch. It ^B
may be of Klaboch — Sander — Stevensian origin in ^P
England. I have received it (chronologically !) from
Messrs. Veitch, Vanner, Hardy, Winn, and Hinckly.
//. G. Rchb.f
Stelis zonata, n. sp.*
This is near Stelis muscifera of Dr. Lindley, but
smaller in all parts, and interesting by its coloured
zone. Its stem is short. The very thick leaf is
cuneate, oblong, blunt. Peduncle with numerous
sheaths and a one-sided raceme. Sepals light ochre,
with a rich cinnamon base. Petals with an abrupt
ochre margin and ochre base, a fine mauve mid-zone.
Lip ochre, with granular cells on the abrupt anterior
border. Column mauve, with an ochre zone over its
dorsal mid-line. It was imported from Demerara by
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. H. G. Rchb. f.
NUPHAR ADVENA.
Though this plant is stated to have been introduced
from the United States so long ago as 1772 it is still
but little known to cultivators of hardy aquatics, on
which account we are glad of this opportunity of
figuring a specimen which bloomed this summer in
the Royal Gardens at Kew. As will be seen (fig,
92) it resembles the common European Nuphar
lutea, but has larger leaves, the lobes of which are
more spreading at the base, and larger somewhat paler
flowers, with six (not five) sepals, shorter, less con-
spicuous petals. When grown in masses the leaves
become so dense that they are squeezed out of their
horizontal position, and become nearly erect. Why
called advena is a question for some of our American
friends to answer.
* Stelis zonata., n. sp.— Affinis S. musciferEe, Lindl.; caule
folium cuneatum oblorgum rotundatum non sequante ; pedun-
culo folium bene superaate, infra dense vaginato ; racemo
densifloro secundo ; bracteis arctis acutis ; sepalis basi con-
natis oblongis obtusiusculis ; 5-nerviis ; tepalis transversis apice
abruptis ; iabelli lamina triangula utrinque angulata ; zona
antica abrupte incrassata relusa granulata ; columna antice
tricorni. Ex Demarara imp. cl. Messrs. Veitch. H. G.
Rchb.f.
November 3, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
557
NOWTON COURT.
This, the seat of II. J. Oakes, Esq., lies about
ij mile to the south-east of Bury St. Edmunds, and
is approached by a good road, which intersects the
park, and along each side plantations have been
formed, the ornamental trees in which, when they get
some cottages, however, left standing, and these it
was thdught desirable to hide, which has been most
effectually done by planting same large trees, several
of which were upwards of 40 feet high at the
time of lifting, and they show how carefully Mr.
Carmichael had the work performed in the rapid
growth most of them are now making, and the
Fig. 92. — NUPHAR ADVENA ! PETALS AND STAMENS SHijVVN SEPARATELY, (SEE P. 556.)
up, will afford pleasant shade and add additional
charms to the route. The house is an elegant modern
mansion, in the Tudor style of architecture, but till
recently it was much shut in, and the views obstructed
by stables and other buildings, which have been pulled
down and removed, and the country opened out in
such a way that now miles of delightful scenery break
in upon the view, as Ickworlh and Hardwick Hall
estates are within reach of the eye from the carriage
front, where the clearance was made. There were
healthy state they are in. The transplanting was
done with one of Barron's machines, and the sorts of
trees moved were Picea Morinda, Pinus austriaca,
Abies Douglasii, scarlet Chestnuts, evergreen Oaks,
Yews, Thuia gigantea, and Libocedrus decurrens,
with some of which from 6 to 7 tons of soil were
carried in the huge balls they had.
Not only are the extensive pleasure grounds imme-
diately around the mansion dotted thickly with Coni-
fers, but they have been planted freely all over the
paik, and there are few places where they will be
found to be doing better, for although the annual
growth is not, perhaps, so great as may be seen else-
where, it is firm and solid, and the bark of all has
that smooth, polished look that trees only have where
the soil suits them. At Nowlon it is „ heavy holding
loam, of great depth, and contains a good deal of chalk,
which permeates it in fine particles, and helps much
to give all the timber standing about the fine domain
the solid look that it has.
Among the most striking of the trees the Cedrus
Libani stand out conspicuously, as they have age and
size, but for real beauty and richness of colour
none surpass Cedrus allantica, which is not only
very graceful in its dropping habit but has a peculiar
bluish glaucous hue that few, if any, others possess.
Wellingtonias and Taxodium sempervirens have been
planted in great quantities, and they and Thuia
gigantea, of which there are many, thrive like weeds.
Mr. Carmichael propagates the whole of the K'\st-
named freely from cuttings, as well as most of the
other Thuias and Retinosporas, and is of opinion that
the Taxodium sempervirens is worth planting exten-
sively for timber, but its durability, so far as I I. now,
has yet to be tested. The several plants of Thuinpsis
borealis, with their drooping Fern-like branches, were
remarkably handsome, and showed up well against
the stately grandeur of Libocedrus decurrens, two or
three of which were towering like huge green pillars
upwards of 40 feet high. Cryptomeria japonica,
which assumes an unhealthy look and has a shabby
appearance in most places, is fresh in every leaf at
Nowton, and when seen in that desirable state is very
distinct and ornamental, but the one that attracts
most notice is the Cryptomeria elegans, which turns
to a warm brown colour during the winter, and shows
up in pleasing contrast with the variegated Retino-
sporas and Thuias.
Besides the numerous Conifers and o'her orna-
mental plants dotted about freely all over the lawn,
many clumps have been formed, in which they and
evergreen shrubs have been largely used, and so great
is the wealth of all these that they will require much
thinning and regulating to give each other room — ^
work which, so far, has had timely attention, and will
if continued make Nowton one of the most famous
places for trees in the whole kingdom. Most people
who grow or have to do with Conifers are very averse
to pruning, and till I saw those referred to I was
against the practice, but the splendid stems of those
at Nowton quite won me over, as they are all
so straight and clear, with wounds mostly healed
over, that I could not help admiring them for their
beauty, for look which way one might, the clean
polished boles stood out conspicuously, and com-
manded admiration by the peculiarity or colour of the
bark, which varied with almost every specimen, the
greatest contrast being afforded by the silvery white
of the Birch, and the warm brown of the many Taxo-
diums, the curious, soft, spongy covering of the trunks
of which can only be seen to advantage when they are
bare of shoots near the ground. It must not be inferred
from these remarks that all the trees at Nowton are
subjected to the trimming process, as it is carried out
chiefly with lb se in the park ; and alihough there are
numbers in the pleasure gardens denuded below in
like manner, still there are plenty left to feather
down, and show the natural character of the diBerent
kinds.
The time chosen for the pruning or removing of
the branches is the end of September, at which season
it is found that the trees do not lose sap or dis-
charge resinous matter, but quickly cover and
hide all scars, which was abundantly proved by
the smooth state of the stems. The great thing
appears to be to do the work while the
plants are young, and to do it piecemeal by
taking off a tier of branches biennially till the re-
quired height is reached, and then leave them to
develope their tips. The common Yew, Taxus bac-
cata, seems to bear any amount of pruning, as trees
of it had been cut hard on, and were breaking freely
in all directions around the short stumps. The Irish
varieties had wisely been left to grow in their own
native fashion, and striking was their appearance with
their several leads, running up, spire-like, and sombre
through the great depth of their green, the effect of
which was heightened by the plants standing near
some old ruins of a church, tlie arches and other
portions of which are still remaining, near the lake in
the grounds, by crossing the bridge of which the wild
or woodland walks are reached. The lakes have
558
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 18
bsen well formed — the banks being broken and
irregular — very different lo those of Capability Brown,
whose ponds were made after the manner of pie
dishes, without bend or turn in their sides. What is
wanted at Nowton is more water, as the supply is only
from the surface, and is therefore insufficient to keep
the whole fresh and clear.
The kitchen garden is a large, newly walled-in en-
closure, the walls of which are being rapidly covered
with a great many sorts of Pears and other fruit trees,
as Mr. Carmichael does not head back, as is the
practice with so many gardeners, but leads on and
encourages every well-placed shoot till the space
allotted is filled. By doing this trees are established
and in full bearing in less than half the time it took
under the old system of undoing, in the autumn or
winter, by pruning, all the work a tree got through in
the summer, as the following year the same ground
had to be gone over again, besides which, trees so
treated mu;t suffer a shock. To bring about fertility,
Mr. Carmichael root-prunes or transplants, and
believes that much is yet to be done towards that end
by using proper stocks, and some of his Pears, the
Jargonelle, double grafted, on the Beurre d'Amanlis
and Quince, showed clear proof of this, as the little
bushes were crowded with buds. Among the many
kinds of Pears under trial at Nowton, Mr. Carmichael
thinks very highly of Mariette de Millepieds, which
bears handsome looking fruit, above medium size, and
first-rate in quality, of which the wasps seemed fully
aware, for though the Pears do not ripen fit for table
till March they were eating into them now, thus
showing, as usual, what excellent judges they are.
Doyenne Robin is also a favourite sort, and as Mr.
Carmichael is one of the best pomologists of the day,
his opinion is worth having in all matters relating to
fruit, and may be relied on. Apples are planted in a
belt of land fenced off from the park, which runs
round two sides of the kitchen garden, where
they are in three rows, and looking the picture
of health. Where the Asparagus is, in regular
plantations, the rows are 3 feet apart, but a good
deal of it is grown at double that distance, and single
rows of Broccoli or Brussels Sprouts are planted
between. The Asparagus showed unmistakeable
evidence of how much it appreciated the breathing
room and free root-run, in the big tall stems the
plants had, which were towering up as high as one's
head.
Strawberries receive the same libera! treatment, as
they too are cultivated in wide rows, which afford the
fruit full light and exposure to sun and air, under the
influence of which it must finish up well and be of
fine quality. Owing to changes being made in the
establishment Mr. Carmichael is giving up his charge
at Nowton Court, but with such antecedents as Dun-
more and Sandringham, and the lengthened experi-
ence and high attainments he is known to possess,
he is sure not to remain long unemployed. J. S.
THE POTATO CROP.
PoTATOS have been selling so cheaply in the London
market, owing to the singularly bountiful and clean
crop with which England has been favoured this year —
perhaps the best crop known within the memory of man
-^that growershave found no considerable profit arising,
for, if the produce has been heavy, the expenses inci-
dental to culture, lifting and marketing have been great
in proportion. Southern growers, therefore, may be
interested to learn, on good authority, that the Regent
crop in Scotland, always a considerable one, is largely
diseased ; and whilst they are interested they will,
perhaps, having regard to the remarkable immunity
which late kinds in the North have enjoyed from the
disease, be not a little surprised. As one result,
however, it may be expected, if supplies do not
come from abroad, that a rise in price will pre-
sently follow, and few who know anything about
the expenses incidental to the raising of a Potato crop,
and, not least, the exceeding insecurity which attaches
to it, can regret that growers who have not hurried all
their produce into market may have a little chance to
get back somewhat improved returns. When prices
vary from 70J. to goi. per ton it is evident that
there is no great return obtained for the grower,
whilst the public is, or should be, materially benefited
through his labours. One of the not least interesting
products of the big Potato crop will be found in
watching the results upon the next year's planting,
A heavy crop and low ptices usually act as deterrents
to hrge plantings in the corning spiing, growers pre-
ferring to try some other crop because the Potatos
have not proved profitable. It is to be deplored that
in this country, with the best market in the world,
our own growers, let the crop be a heavy one,
seem always unable to secure that financial benefit
which the big produce should bring them. As a rule,
the dealers get more out of it than do either the
growers or the consumers.
MR. JOHN WALKER'S NUR-
SERIES AT THAME.
The development in late years of Mr. John
Walker's business at Thame has necessitated the
acquisition of new nursery grounds, and now he has
four distinct establishments. The home nursery, best
known as Lashlade Gardens, contains the main portion
of the glass structures, and near to this is another part
of Lashlade Gardens — what was formerly a large
garden attached to a mansion, both very near to
the centre of the town. Then there is the Field
Nursery near the railway station, a piece of ground
of considerable extent, with a rich loamy soil, well
adapted for the culture of fruit trees, Roses, shrubs,
&c. ; and what is known as the Chilton Nurseries, a
small estate rented by Mr. Walker for the growth of
Grapes and other fruits, bedding plants, &c.
In the Field Nursery, which is a well ordered
establishment, maybe seen large breadths of admirable
dwarf-trained Apples, pyramid Pears, standard Horse
Chestnuts, standard Walnuts, standard Sycamores,
very fine indeed ; Spruce Fir, a very fine lot ; Birch,
Larch, -ic, and many ornamental shrubs. Both on
bush and dwarf-trained trees, Golden Spire Apple
was everywhere very fine, a distinct variety of an
elongated Codlin shape, and the skin of a rich gold.
Mr. Walker states that this is an excellent variety, be-
cause such a sure and free cropper. There were fine
examples of many leading kinds of Apples, Pears
also numbering excellent fruit. Many fine specimens
of coniferous plants can be seen here; Golden Hollies
take on a rare colouring, and the brilliancy of the
Golden Elder could be seen for a long distance.
Roses are a leading feature of the stock-in-trade ;
there are large breadths of standard Roses, and
dwarf Roses on the Manetti stock. The plants grow
generously, and in this soil there is a desirable growth
of fibry roots, consequently the plants move well.
In the Lashlade Gardens is found a general collec-
tion of stove, greenhouse and bedding plants, all
in good condition. There is also a good collection
of hardy Ferns, comprising some rare species and
varieties. Dahlias are well and extensively grown,
and both Roses and the former are largely exhibited
by Mr. Walker during the summer, for he has all the
enthusiasm of the true florist, and supports many
movements for the encouragement of florists' flowers.
The quilled and flat-petalled Asters have long been
greatly cared for by Mr. Walker. At the time of
our visit a plantation of the finest strain of Truffaut's
Pceony-flowered Perfection Aster we have ever seen
was in wonderful bloom ; Mr. Walker being an ex
hibitor at neighbouring shows. His'strain of quilled
Asters cannot be excelled, and as seed of them is
much in demand, large beds of the different varieties
are grown to furnish an adequate supply. Rlr.
Walker has selected and named several varieties, the
leading ones being — Daphne, rose, verypretty ; Model,
deep pink ; Modesty, pink and white mottled ; Mr.
Walker, delicate blush ; Purple Prince, purple, very
fine ; Sailor, mauve, very fine ; Snowflake, white ;
Princess of Wales, deep pink, with white centre ;
Rifleman, cerise, very fine ; and Delicata, delicate
blush. These are all very fine indeed, and we caa
scarcely conceive anything better to grow for cutting
from by gardeners than these charming Asters.
A good collection of Carnations and Picotees is
also grown, and the collection of plants obtained from
layers made in July was especially fine. There is
also a good collection of show Pelargoniums of the
various classes ; a number of small bush plants of the
common Laurustinus are grown in pots for cutting
from during the winter, the flowers being in great
demand. Mr. Walker has long been famous for the
splendid blooms of Marechal Niel he produces in early
spring, flowers of large size and richly coloured. They
are grown in a lean-to house of considerable dimen-
sions, looking south, the plants on the Brier stocks ;
and in addition there are such fine Tea Roses as Devo-
niensis, Niphetos, Lamarque, Gloire de Dijon, &c.
Mr. Walker is just now widening this house by another
6 feet, and the result will no doubt be to give him a
little later batch of flowers on the north aspect.
Some plants of Funkia japonica in this house,
growing in pots, were furnishing quantities of large
white flowers, that when wired are very useful f<. r
bouquets.
This necessarily brief sketch by no means exhausts
the leading features of the Thame Nurseries. A
visitor can always find something of interest in them,
and at any season of the year. Walker's Perpetual
Bearer Pea, and Walker's Exhibition Onion — the
latter a very fine selection from the White Spanish —
were both in excellent condition at the time of our
visit.
THE CLIMATE OF CENTRAL
AMERICA.
The Rational Culture of Orchids.
Considering that Central America is but a narrow
strip of land between two enormous oceans, it would be
but natural to believe its climate to be very damp and
rainy. This is but partially true, for Central America
presents this peculiarlity, that it is divided into two
regions of totally different climates by the high chain
of the Cordilleras which runs through it like a back-
bone. On the slopes facing the Atlantic ocean it
rains all the year round — a rainless day is a rare
exception ; but on the slopes facing the Pacific Ocean
it is quite otherwise. There the year is divided into
two distinct seasons — the rainy and the dry. The
rainy season begins in May, and ends in November ;
the dry season, which is absolutely rainless, corre-
sponds with the winter season in Europe. The
division between these climatic zones is very sharp,
and follows, more or less, the crest of the first high
chain of mountains towards the Atlantic Ocean.
When during the dry season the traveller crosses the
isthmus from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean he is
surprised with the suddenness of the change. The
first time I was exploring this region with my men
— it vras in February — we had been ascending all
day a steep mountain, tramping up over a deep bed of
dry and slippery leaves in the primeval forest deprived
by the scorching sun of most of its foliage, water
being absolutely wanting, as every brook was dried
up, when in less than fifteen minutes we passed
from this Sahara dryness to a swamp of such
gloom that it surpassed in its reality the imaginings
of Dante. As we went on the gloom augmented,
the whole land was a large marsh ; we were
wading in the mud up to our knees ; the very trees
seemed to distil water, dripping ceaselessly from their
branches, thickly covered with moss and heavy
garlands of lichen and Tillandsia usneoides. We
bivouacked in the middle of it, several days' journey
from any human habitation. We were wet through ;
we could not make a fire, the wood being too damp ;
we were tired out, and our teeth were chattering with
cold, for the temperature was but a few degrees above
freezing-point. I cannot help shuddering when I
think of the hardships we went through in this place,
and believe myself vastly lucky to have lived through
it. But nevertheless, such is the powerful attraction
of a voyage of discovery that I have often revisited
these rarely explored regions.
The explanation of this extraordinary phenomenon
of a land of everlasting rain depends on the trade
winds. We all know that on account of the rotation
of the earth there are so-called trade winds blowing
from east to west over the Atlantic more or less all the
year round both in the northern and the southern hemi-
spheres, the part immediately under the sun being
meanwhile becalmed. The trade wind of the north-
ern hemisphere starts from North Africa, blows over
the Atlantic, and reaches Central America charged
with vapour from the vast expanse of water it has
been travelling over ; there, at the high ridge of the
Cordilleras, its vapour condenses by the cold of these
altitudes in clouds and rain, and the wind, deprived
of its moisture, descends, dry and cool, the slopes lead-
ing to the Pacific Ocean. Such is the climatic regime
from November to May, while the sun is visiting the
southern hemisphere. The direction of the trade
wind is then N.E. on account of its original direction
November 3, 1SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
559
being deflected by a northern current of air caused by
the winter in the North. The nvitlves call this trade
wind clviento del NortCy or hrisa.
When the sun apparently travels backwards towards
the Nurth, with its accompanyinfr calms, the force of
the trade wind diminishes, and thouf^h it still strikes
Ihc Atlantic shore it is not strong e:iouy;h to pass over
the Cordilleras. Then begins the rainy season on
the shores of the Pacific Ocean. The cause of this
is strictly local. The mornings are always bright,
the perpendicular rays of the tropical sun warm the
earth to a much higher degree than the surface of the
seas ; this causes in the afternoon a strong sea breeze,
called el frazon, charged with vapours which con-
dense on the slopes of ihe Cordilleras, and come down
usually between 2 and 4 o'clock in the form of tor-
rential rain, accompanied by formidable electric dis-
charges. Then, as the sun goes down, the damp
earth begins to cool, and at about 5 o'clock r.M.
there exists something like equilibrium between the
temperature of the sea and that of the earth. During
the night the inverse process takes place, the earth
gets cooler than the sea, and a land breeze sets in
most favourable to sailing ships during this season,
and called cl TcrranilQ.
A page from my journal of August 29, 18S2, will
give an idea of one of those daily tropical storms of
the rainy season : —
The preceding night was very clear, one of those
admirable nights when the full moon sheds its fairy-
likelightoverthe beautiful tropical landscape; the tem-
perature was balmy, 64" F., not a cloud was to be
seen to obscure the vast extent of the skies studded
with stars from the Great Bear to the Southern Cross,
and yet all around the horizon there was a glow of
continuous flashes of lightning. The villagers sung
and danced till past midnight, the scene was so
beautiful that I regretted to retire to bed. As is my
custom in the tropics, I got up very early, for it
is the only suitable time for work of any kind ; one
does more from 5 o'clock to 9 in the morning than
in all the rest of the day. The morning was as
clear and as glorious as the last night, the sun
rapidly rising enlightened all the scene, the air so
clear, or, to speak more correctly, so saturated with
moisture, that the most distant objects — the high
volcanos, the far-off sea — seemed close by. By
about 9 o'clock in the morning the heat became
intense, and at 11 o'clock the volcanos were capped
with dark blue clouds, which grew very rapidly. The
perfect calm of the morning gave way to a light
breeze coming from the sea. On the mountain I began
to hear the thunder, sometimes as a low rumbling
noise, sometimes as the firing of heavy guns in the
distance. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon the whole
sky was covered with clouds, the rain clouds
advanced like an immense grey wall with the noise
of a huge waterfall. It was now on us, but it was
not what we call rain, it was a torrent falling on
our heads, furiously whipping up the earth all round,
and changing in a few minutes its parched surface
into a vast lake. We had hardly time to get
accustomed to this fearful noise before the darkness
which surrounded us was illuminated as by daylight
by the lightning which fell close to us with a crash of
thunder fearful to hear, and yet this was but a begin-
ning, the signal for a real tumult of the elements.
Not only immense sheet-lightning, but thunderbolts,
succeeded one another from minute to minute ; a suc-
cession of pitch darkness and flashing light with a
continuous roar of thunder went on for more than an
hour. At about j o'clock the force of the storm
began to wane, and by 4 o'clock p.m. not only the
rain had ceased, but in a quarter of an hour the very
clouds had disappeared, leaving to the evening sun
still lime enough to reduce to dry dust what was an
hour ago a vast lake. The following night found the
villagers just as jovial and frolicsome as the pre-
ceding ; the storm was not even talked about by the
old gossips, so accustomed are they to its daily
occurrence.
It is curious how man is affected by electricity ;
there, I always feel quite lightsome after a storm, and
I strongly suspect that electricity, which is concen-
trated round the equator, has a very great influence
on tropical vegetation, and probably especially on
epiphytal plants, which feed on air. Would it be too
much to believe that these terrible discharges of elec-
tricity cause the liberation of gases [from the atmo-
sphere or] from the thick layers of vegetable matter,
half-decomposed, which cover all the earth of the
virgin forests, and thereby puts this manure within reach
of the Orchids and Bromeliads which grow above it ?
If it be so, would it not be possible to imitate this
process of Nature on a small scale in our hothouses
by some galvanic apparatus which would act on
guano, peat, or any other nutritious substance ? We
should thereby lilt the conservatory with what might
be that unnamed something of which the deceased
Spyers spoke formerly in the Gardeners^ Chronicle.
A", yy^//^, chiswUk.
{To lie tnittrnifrfi )
ASTER AMELLUS.
After all that has been said and written about
Michaelmas TXiisies there is none in cultivation that
surpasses or equals tlie old-fashioned Aster Aniellus.
It has the additional merit of being a classical flower.
Few flowers have been described by the ancient poets
with sufficient accuracy to make their identification
certain, but this Daisy is one of the few. Virgil had
often gathered it, when a boy, in his walks near his
native town, Mantua, in Lombardy, and he describes
it so that we can hardly be mistaken in the flower in-
tended. *' It's local name, given by the country
folk," he says, "is Amelius. It is conspicuous, easily
found when you look for it, having a large spreading
top in proportion to the base from which it grows.
The flower has a golden disc, surrounded by very
many rays of a dark violet-purple colour. Daisy
chains are often made with these flowers to deck the
altars in sacrifices. It has a rough bitter taste, when
chewed. It is abundant in pasture-meadows near a
stream in Lombardy called the Mellas," or more
properly the Mela, from which Virgil seems to imply
that it took its name, and a later writer, Servius,
states positively that It did so. The occasion for
mentioning the plant is curious. Virgil is writing
about bees, and tells us that a decoction of the root of
Amelias mixed with richly flavoured wine makes an
excellent medicine for them, when unwell. As for
the taste of the flower I find that it contains a
bitter like that of Camomile, but less strong.
There perhaps never was a time, almost from Vir-
gil's day, when this plant was not cultivated in
English gardens. The authority of Virgil became,
within a century of his death, so great, wherever the
Latm language was spread, that if the Romans kept
bees in England they would probably have intro-
duced Amelius in order to carry out his instructions.
It is not unlikely that it was formerly naturalised. As
far as we can make out Gerard's representation and de-
scription of the plant, he speaks of it as the " Italian
Starwort," having " yellow flowers, mixed with some
purple, set about with chafTy scales, like Knapweed."
This plant, he tells us, grew in his lime "on Hamp-
stead Heath, South-fleet Downs in Kent, and many
other such downy places." It must, however, be
admitted that the description in Gerard is meagre and
vague, though it is hard to say to what native plant
the figure could be referred, having any purple in the
flower, for the habitat certainly could not belong to
Aster tripolium. Parkinson is a little more precise.
The "Amelius Virgilii," he tells us, "was usually
called in his day " Aster Atticus Italorum flore pur-
pureo.' " This rivals some of Mr. Peter Barr's Daffo-
dil names, and all I can say is, that I pity the
gardeners of the period, bad scholars as they were,
if they had to write all this upon their labels. Par-
kinson, however, bad as his figure of this flower is,
describes it as accurately as Virgil does, and adds
that " the heads sustaining the flowers are composed
of divers scaly green leaves ; " these do not appear in
the woodcut, which is far less accurate than Gerard's.
So much for the history of this Aster, which
was " plentiful in gardens " at the end of the sixteenth
century, and does not seem to have been a recent in-
troduction, though I find it stated in the Co/laj^e
Gardeners' Dictionary that it was introduced in 1596
— long after Gerard began to write his book.
Of its cultivation little need be said ; it is not one
of those Asters which spread their roots so as to make
frequent division desirable. It is, on the contrary,
rather a difficult plant to divide, the best way being
to lift the entire plant and break off all the stalks
carefully at the base, when more or less root will be
found attached to each. Spring is the best time to
do this. If a large increase of stock is wanted, the
shoots which grow near the base of the stalks may be
slipped off, and will be found to root easily under
glass. Aster Amelius does not vary more than one
would naturally expect an Aster to do, as they are a
variable class.
If raised more frequently here from seed, perhaps
we should have greater variations. At present there
are about four varieties named in catalogues, though I
admit it is dilficult to fix the names. We are often
told that the best variety is bessarabicus, though I am
not sure whether a plant with a stiff regular flower
and long pointed horizontal rays is intended, or a
semi-double very robust flower with cupped broad
rays and a large prominent disc. The former is the
more elegant flower, 1 ut the latter Mr. Lynch sent
me from Cambridge Gardens as what he thought the
true bessarabicus. He had it from Hale Farm
Nursery, from which also comes to me Aster Amelius
roseus, a red-purple, differing only in colour from the
type, and less pleasing as a garden plant. Another
very distinct and good form I had from Messrs.
Smith's nursery at Worcester, under the name of
cassubicus — a name I can find nowhere else ; but the
flower has a very broad and bright golden disc, and
the rays are large, regular, and deflexed. A fourth
variety comes from the same nursery as amelloides ;
it is nearly 4 feet high, or nearly twice as high as
the type, which I own I have some difficulty in
fixing, and I suspect that all these forms might easily
be raised from one another's seeds.
In conclusion, allow me to advocate the raising
of Asters from seed, by which means I believe that
many good improvements on typical forms may be
obtained for our gardens. C. Wo'.Uy Dod, Edge
Hall, Malpas, Oct. 24.
THE BEAUFORT NURSERIES,
SWANSEA.
Good general nurseries are not plentiful in South
Wales. There are many half market garden, half nursery
places where a quantity of forest trees, shrubs, fruit
bushes and Roses are mixed up with large patches of
Cabbage, Leeks, and Savoys, but a nursery contain-
ing a number of good glasshouses and a general stock
of open-air and indoor plants is quite the exception.
The only one we know of this kind is that belonging
to Mr. William Barron, and altogether this comprises
the glasshouses in the Beaufort Nurseries, Swansea,
and the extensive plant-growing grounds a little
further on, near Sketty. Of these latter little need be
said further than noting that the grounds are replete
with well-grown collections of all the most useful
trees and shrubs for forest making and decorative
planting of parks or pleasure grounds. The Rho-
dodendrons consist of all the best in cultivation, and
they are not only great in point of variety, but ex-
tensive in numbers and first-rate in quality. Roses,
too, and all kinds of hardy plants do uncommonly
well here, as the situation is a most favourable one,
and the soil is all that could be desired for the healthy
rearing of all kinds of plants. It is, indeed, a real
plant nursery, and from the peculiar favour of natural
circumstances all plants reared here have the full
benefit of a good beginning.
The Beaufort Nursery was acquired by Mr. Barron
some time ago, and is almost all glass. Its situation
is a delightful one, as the beautiful Swansea Bay is
fully in sight, and so close to the sea that the tide
rolls up almost to the boundary wall ; on the other
side it is hemmed in by the main road leading from
Swansea to The Mumbles, which is a favourite seaside
resort, and makes the position of the nursery an
advantageous one. The houses are ten in number,
and the largest measures 90 feet in length and 12 feet
in width. The chief inmates of this are nice speci-
men Camellias, excellently grown plants, well covered
with flower-buds, which will be most useful in sup-
plying choice flowers throughout the winter months.
There are many fine Azaleas in this house, and a
number of well-developed greenhouse I^hododendrons,
besides a variety of other plants, suitable for conser-
vatory decoration ; other smaller houses were stocked
with smaller greenhouse plants, and the Marechal
Niel Rose clothed the roof of several of the glass
structures. There is a large cut flower trade done
here, and " the Marechal " plays an important part in
it at certain seasons. Others of the houses are kept
as stoves for the culture of Crotons, DracKnas, Gar-
denias, Stephanotis, Palms in variety, many Ferns,
and a general stock of everything that is choice and
useful.
Every efiort is made to keep up a seasonable supply
of plants and flowers, and large quantities of Primulas,
Cyclamen, Cinerarias, Chrysanthemums, and other
soft-wooded subjects are grown for winter use. Here
and there in the houses are batches of Orchids, and
the whole place is well stocked with useful plants.
Scrutiniser.
56o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883.
FLOWER VASES.
If there is anything ugly it is the common flower-
pot ; its utility, however, compensates for an immense
amount of ugliness, and so it is tolerated ; but it is a
question, even from the point of view of mere utility,
whether the time-honoured shape is really the best that
could be adopted. Some of those one sees in Italy
seem preferable, as they are certainly more elegant in
form. But there are various methods by which the
ugliness may be concealed — various substitutes for the
common flower-pot which may be adopted when
the object is merely of a temporary or decorative
character.
For this purpose few things are more suitable than
the elegant vases of all sizes, shapes, and patterns,
and of all prices from pence to guineas, which Messrs,
Doulton & Co., of Lambeth, are now producing. They
are finding their way largely into markets and flower-
shops, and in one of these the forms we now illustrate
(figs. 93 — 100) attracted our attention, conjured the
coin out of our pockets, and stimulated the tfforts of
artist and wood-cutter. Anxious to know more as to
these little elegancies, we made our way to Messrs.
Doulton's show-room on the Albert Embankment,
and there, amid a bewildering wealth of elegancies of
all kinds, betokening that the now familiar phrase,
Doulton Ware, must be taken in a very comprehen-
sive sense indeed, and must not be limited to one
particular kind of pottery, we came upon a perfect
depot of the special articles we came to look at. We
shall not attempt to describe them — scarcely two were
alike — our illustrations must tell their own tale, they
will serve as samples of the bulk. They are here from
the simplest to the most elaborate, good artistic form
in the one case being secured at a cost of a few pence,
supplemented by detail, elaboration, and finish in the
case of the more costly specimens.
The first thing that strikes one is the difference
between mechanism and art. When once a mould
of the desired form has been obtained the objects can
be multiplied almost ad infinitutji. But, as we have
said, that is not Messrs. Doulton's plan. A few only
of each kind are made, and then the mould is broken,
and another one of a different pattern is made. Thus
monotonous mechanical repetition is avoided, and
constant variety assured. Each article, moreover,
bears the impress, not of the mere manufacturer,
but of the artist. Artists furnish the designs. Deli-
cate fingers trace out the patterns on the yielding
clay, and with their modelling tools and styles follow
the lines of the designer as though ihey were etching
tools. The incisions may be left as they are, or filled
in with paste of different colours. In other cases the
ornament is stuck on, each little piece separately. For
this purpose the paste is pressed into a die or a mould
to get ihe required shape, then removed and affixed
bit by bit to the surface of the vase — fidgeity work,
requiring nicety of manipulation. For the cheaper
class of ware the pattern is merely indented on to the
clay by suitable stamps, as a housewife leaves the
impression of her implements on the yielding surface
of her pastry.
In still another class of work Nature printing has
quite recently been adopted, Fein fronds and leaves are
made to leave their impress on the clay, and thus
Messrs. Doulton produce at will fossils — impressions of
fossils rather — exactly such as the lamented Swiss bo-
tanist, Heer, studied to such purpose, or such as our
own Williamsons and Carruthers describe and classify.
One does not usually associate the idea of a fossil with
decorative art or aesthetic utility, but Messrs. Doulton's
newest patterns serve to show that the two ideas are
by no means irreconcilable.
Almost the whole of this art pottery, so far as
designing, modelling, pattern-tracing, china-painting,
and the like are concerned, is done by girls and
young women. Ten years ago three such were em-
ployed— now 300 may be seen at work in light well
ventilated apartments, each intent upon her work,
and suggesting a contrast with listless Berlin-wool
working, crochet knitting maidens, which we will not
pursue further.
The stillness of the work-rooms is almost startling,
but the earnest purpose pervading the whole acts as a
valuable stimulus. How such discipline is maintained
is a marvel : we did not inquire how it was done, as
some things were obvious, as for instance the careful
selection of the workers that is exercised and the
care taken of their material interests. The girls are
taken at a very early age and trained to their work,
promotion and advance being contingent on good
conduct and ability as manifested not only in the
workshop, but in the South Kensington Art Schools.
The younger girls receive the reward of their labour
not only in the form of so many coins per week, but
in the even more potential form of assistance in their
art studies.
It is hard indeed to know what will suit the British
public, but we are glad to learn that Messrs. Doul-
ton's efforts to create a demand for more artistic
flower-holders have been attended with ever-increasing
success, and this in spite of active competition at home
and abroad, and of prohibitive tariffs on the part of
our American cousins.
FUCHSIA EXONIENSIS.
The robust, hardy Fuchsia, represented in the
accompanying woodcut (fig. loi, p. 565), and
identified by me with F. exoniensis of Paxton's
Magazine of Botany^ x., p. 151, is cultivated by
Mr. Lynch in the Cambridge Botanic Garden.
I am not able to assert positively that I am
right in my identification, because I have seen no
authenticated specimen of F. exoniensis ; but this is
the only one that I have ever seen which at all agrees
with the coloured figure given by Paxton, Although
our plant has the largest flowers of any hardy variety
of Fuchsia that has come under my notice, they are
not much more than half the size of those of Paxton's
figure, and the corolla is red-purple rather than blue-
purple. Of course it may be a variety of more recent
Figs. 93 to 96.— ornamental flower vases.
origin, and the true F. exoniensis may be extinct ; yet
I hardly think this can be the case, for I have, within
the last few years, seen living specimens of nearly
every one of the classical hardy varieties— X mean
those hardy varieties and species, as some of them
were supposed to be, raised from forty to sixty years
ago. Among them are F. gracilis, Lindley, Botanicat.
Register^ x., 1S24, t. 847, figured the same year in
"Cii^ Botanical Magazine, t. 2507, under the name of
F. decussata; F. conica, Lindley, Botanical Register,
xiii., 1827, t. 1062, raised in the Chiswick Gardens
from seed sent direct from Chili by Mr. Place ; F.
globosa, Lindley, Bot. Reg., xviii, 1833, t. 1556, said
to have been raised from seed of F. conica, by Mr.
Bunney. Of the really hardy Fuchsias this is the
only one that I have not been able to match nearly or
quite among the wild specimens in herbaria. It is
remarkable for the globo,-e form of its flowers, both
in bud and open, and also for the extreme shortness
of the tubular portion of the flower. I have never
seen any other variety of this group with so short a
tube. Altogether it is one of the most distinct, and
one of the prettiest, though its flowers are relatively
small. Then there is the F. discolor, Lindley, Bot.
Reg., xxi., 1835, t. 1805, Bot. Mag., t. 349S, raised
from Patagonian seeds. It was introduced by Mr.
Lowe, and bore the name of F. Lowei. Mr. Lynch
sent me fresh specimens of this variety lately.
By a singular slip, Lindley recorded it from " Port
Famine, Falkland Islands." Port Famine is in the
Straits of Magelhaen, and is in a somewhat higher
latitude than the Falklands ; yet no Fuchsia has been
found in those islands, nor indeed in any of the islands
between America and New Zealand, where the genus
is represented by three or four species. Finally I
must include in this selection of the older hardy
varieties F. Riccartoni, raised between forty and fifty
years ago by Mr. Young, gardener at Riccarton, near
Edinburgh, from seed, it is stated, of F. globosa,
fertilised by the pollen of some other variety.
F. exoniensis was supposed to be a hybrid between
F. cordifolia and F. globosa ; but, as I have stated
before, I do not think that there is any mixture of the
former very distinct Mexican species in any of the
hardy Fuchsias, which are all forms of F. macrostem-
ma, Ruiz and Pavon, syn. F. magellanica, Lamark,
which species. Gay says, is common from Coquimbo,
southward — that is, through nearly 25" of latitude. A
plant having such a range might be expected to
present considerable variation, and in fact, among
wild specimens the leaves differ in size from less than
half an inch, including the petiole, to 4 inches in
length, and the flowers vary in size to as great an ex-
tent. It is noteworthy, too, that this difference in
size is not in relation to latitude, for the largest wild
form that I have seen was from Port Famine.
Whether I have correctly named the present
variety or not, it is undoubtedly the most vigorous,
and one of the showiest of the hardy Fuchsias. Mr.
Lynch informs me that it is extensively grown in the
West of England, where it attains extraordinary
dimensions, particulars of which he kindly communi-
cated, but I have unfortunately mislaid them. Perhaps
Mr. Lynch will send them direct to the Gardeners'
Chronicle. In conclusion I should like to enquire
concerning the fate of the remarkable F. triphylla,
syn., F. racemosa, of which I gave the history in the
Gardeners'* Chronicle, n. s., xviii., p. 263. IV. Batting
Hems ley.
Autumn Work. — On all sides amongst the Rose
loving fraternity there is bustle, and work has to be
done as speedily as possible, so that all may be ready
to do battle with the cold and wet weather that in one
form or other we are sure to experience in our climate
— a climate, let me say in passing, which, although very
much abused, can hardly be excelled for the Rose
grower. We hear glowing descriptions of how Roses
grow in India, of Marechal Niel and Cloth of Gold
covering untold acres, and giving a gorgeous sheet of
bloom ; Britons, who are nothing if not grumblers,
go to the South of Europe, and as they in mid-
December or January see Roses in full bloom and
clustering on verandahs and terraces at Nice or Men-
tone, go into ecstatic raptures, execute a wild war dance
in which they trample under-foot our climate, Roses
and all ; but yet, with all that, I should like to ask for
how long ? Our prolonged season depending so much
on that moist atmosphere which the foreigner so
much hates gives us an advantage which even the
November 3, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE.
561
practised Rose growers of Lyons do not possess ; with
them the season is short, and as to the quality of the
Roses there can be no second opinion — they may raise
them, but they must leave it to us to grow and estab-
lish them. But I am digressing.
The present autumn has been on the whole a favour-
able one for ripening the wood of the Rose, on which
so much of future success depends, and I therefore
hope and believe, that the prospects before us are
good. The first thought of a Rose grower (I am not
speaking of the exhibition nursery), as he looks round
upon his garden is, What do I require from the nur-
seryman? If he is wise he will not look on his Roses
with too partial an eye, will not consider whether this
weakly individual should be spared, or whether for
other cause it should be condemned. Generally it
is said, give the criminal the benefit of the doubt, but
not so in this case : out with it ought to be the
verdict, for by-and-bye you will regret that you
fiave shown mercy. Roses are to be obtained now,
especially dwarf, on such reasonable terras, that
it is hardly worth while to hesitate about it.
Let us suppose, then, that, having looked over your
beds, you have determined that a certain number
should be got in, and that they have arrived in good
condition, what is to be done with them ? This, I
think, will depend very much on the time at which
you receive them. If you get them in October, or
very early in November, plant at once ; but the
demands on Rose nurserymen are now so vast, that,
as in every well ordered establishment, the grower for
sale will not trust to subordinates, but he will see to
the lifting himself, that there be none of those mis-
takes in raising which are so worrying to all concerned,
it must be a great chance whether they are received at
the dales I mention, and if not, my own experience is
entirely in favour of not planting them. I know
It is advisable when they are planted to shorten any
long shoots, and to tie the rest securely to a short
stake, so as to prevent the wind from knocking them
about, loosening their hold, and so allowing the
water to get down to them, and especially the junction
of stock and scion. There are differences of opinion,
as there are on most subjects connected with the
Rose, as to the propriety of mulching for the protec-
tion of dwarf Roses in winter. My late friend and
thorough rosarian, Mr. Radcliffe, used to be laughed
at for recommending that they should be earthed-up
like Potatos, but I am not sure whether that plan is
not better than mulching with manure. [As the ridges
r"
^
k
Ka I CY
retain moisture as much as it does, and moisture is a
great adjunct to frost, I have had my beds mulched
all the summer. The manure is now tolerably dry,
and I am thinking of drawing it round the plants and
covering it over with earth, thus forming a little hil-
lock round each. This I purpose taking away in the
spring, and then giving the beds a thorough good
mulching of fresh short manure, which will stimulate
the plants when they are pruned and ready to start
fresh growth. Connected with planting is the order-
ing of varieties which are not already possessed ; let
me advise all who wish for a pretty buttonhole Tea to
order Ma Capucine and William Allen Richardson ;
while for pretty little garden Roses I would advise
are as easily struck as Gooseberries and Currants;
a few things, however, have to be observed. Avoid
taking ()(T all long and watery shoots, as these are
quite unsuited for the purpose ; there will always be
found at this time a number of short and woody
shoots, generally in the centre of the plant — these form
the best cuttings. They should be taken off with a
heel, and should be about 9 inches long ; the lower
eyes should be destroyed, and about three or four of
the top ones left. These alone should be left above the
ground, and the shoots should be dibbled in and
pressed as hard as possible, so as not to allow any
chance of water lodging about the base of the cutting.
If there is any convenience for so doing, it may be as
well to place an old light over them in very severe
weather, but this is not absolutely necessary, but
when a frame is not used, a top-dressing of cocoa-nut
fibre will be useful.
In the remarks that I have made about planting,
I have referred solely to Hybrid Perpetuals, Bourbons,
lS:c., for with regard to Tea-scented Roses I have no
doubt whatever that the best plan to adopt with them
is to lay them in for the winter, doing so carefully,
and having some loose litter to throw over them
during very severe weather, but taking care not to
leave it on when the weather is mild. In laying them
in, let it be done in a place from whence water can
run off, and, if possible, in light soil, for stagnation of
water or watery soil round the roots is fatal to them.
Where Tea Roses are grown against walls, as they
frequently are now-a-days, it will be desirable to give
them some protection, if the weather be severe ; this
situation, of course, encourages early growth, and
where this is the case they are apt to get pinched by
severefrost. I think the best thing to use is "scrim,"
or papering canvas ; this does not coddle them, but
sifts, so to speak, the frosty winds, and thus protect!
them. It is recommended, where Tea Roses are
it is contrary to all that we are told— many scientific
reasons are given against it, but with all that expe-
rience must be the test, " The proof of the pudding is
the eating." I had last year three beds to plant,
containing altogether about a hundred Roses ; they
were recc:ived, as I thought, very late, about the
middle of November, and I could hardly imagine
that any good could be done by planting them then,
they could not, as I thought, properly get hold of the
ground before frost set in, and hence I determined to
lay them in instead of planting. I was warned, but
was obstinate. I was told that when I went to lift them
in the spring I should 6nd them sending out rootlets,
that they would be broken off, and the life of the
plant injured. Well, the result was, that out of the
100 plants I lost five. A friend, who obtained 200
plants from the same source, and planted them in
November, lost forty. I did find some of them
emitting rootlets, whether these were broken off in
planting I do not know ; but I do know that it made
no difference in the growth of the plants, and com-
paring them with those of other friends who had
planted in November in better Rose soil than my own,
I feel abundantly satisfied with the result, and it must
be remembered that we had in March, just after they
were planted, that terrible burst of cold weather which
did so much damage, and raised in some quarters the
cry that we should have no Roses.
Should planting be determined on, it must be done
judiciously, and here the question comes in. Shall we
manure our Roses ? I would decidedly say, not at the
time of planting. It is much better that the roots
should be able to push themselves into good clean
loam than into a mixture which must contain a quan-
tity of fungoid growth, by which the tender rootlets
may be attacked ; and as so many are grown on the
Brier in one form or other, it is more in accordance
with its natural conditions to keep manure away from
it, as it delights in the deep loam of our hedgerows,
where the manure it receives is simply the decomposed
vegetable mould, which washes down into the roots.
FrOS. 97 TO 100.— FLOWER VASES.
Paquerette and Mignonette ; then, again, the little
Rose de Meaux ought to find a place. Blanche
Moreau is also a charming white Moss, but is not
what it was said to be — perpetual. I say nothing of
exhibition Roses, of these there are lists in abundance,
while the catalogue of the National Rose Society
affords an admirable guide for all those who wish to
grow for exhibition.
As a good deal has been said upon the subject of
growing Roses on their own roots, and as several of
our amateur exhibitors have not only advocated it,
but have shown some of their best flowers from these
plants, it may be as well to say that there is no time
when this is so safe a proceeding as now — the wood is
thoroughly ripened, and there is but little chance of
damping off. Nor is there any secret about it ; they
grown in beds, to give them some sort of protection,
either by Fern, or branches of Euonymus stuck in
amongst them. In some localities this may be needed,
but as I now always cut my Teas back hard, and am
not so careful to preserve the growth as when I was
in the habit of only shortening back the shoots,
hence I do not so much mind it being cut off by frost.
My observations are concerning Roses grown in the
South of England ; probably in the Midland Countiei
and in the North other measures may be requisite, but
I think that the danger is far more from coddling than
the reverse. We want to have good hard wood, and
assuredly this fine autumn, which has been so good
for ripening wood of all kinds, must confer its benefits
on the Rose. Wild Rose.
COLONIAL NOTES.
Sydney, New South Wales. — It is now two
years since a wild flower exhibition, or a collection of
the native flowers growing in the vicinity of Sydney,
was instituted by the energy and industry of a party
of ladies, assisted by a few gentlemen who interested
themselves in the undertaking. This, and the first
show of native bush flowers in l88i, was held at the
township of Manly, which is one of the suburbg of
Sydney. It is delightfully situated in one of the
numerous and picturesque nooks of the harbour of
Port Jackson, and the communication is as easy as
numerous — fine and commodious steamers are con-
stantly plying between Sydney and Manly. In order
to collect the large quantities of flowers required for
their purpose the ladies braved the rain and wind,
exploring the dense bush with ardent zeal in search
of their spoil, traversing, in many instances, a dist-
ance of 7 or 8 miles to attain the objects of their
search. Some even got lost, but fortunately were
found again.
Excepting Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope, thera
562
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883.
is no city that can compare with Sydney in the
number of wild flowers to be found in the vicinity.
It is a natural flower garden : flowers in profusion
are seen during the spring season (September), at
which time it is that Nature displays the rich and
varied colours in her floral gems, whether on the
plains, the hills, the dense bush, the steep mountains,
or the deep valleys. The variety of the scenery
excites the imagination, the charming flowers strew-
ing the ground around seem to smile upon us, and
impart, in varied tints, that animating pencil of
Nature that no painter can equal. It was this beau-
tiful carpeting of flowers when first seen by Banks
that suggested the name of Botany Bay, and one
could imagine the admiration and delight of such a
lover of Nature when he beheld for the first time
such a profusion of new forms of vegetation for the
most part to be seen in no other part of the world — the
singular Banksias {named after him), the Grass trees.
Gum trees (Eucalypti), and scattered about in rich
tints were the Stapelias, Eriostemons, Lambertia
formosa, Blandfordia, Pultenrea, Hibbertia, Grevillea,
Kennedya (blue and scarlet), Epacris, Sprengelia, &c.,
and the Boronias, which latter emit from their
leaves when crushed a powerful odour, like all the
Rues, to which family they belong. The Boronias,
Sprengelia and Westringia were first described by
J. E. Smith, in a separate volume {Tracts Relating io
Natural History)^ in 179S, and others subsequently,
by Robert Brown.
On September 13 the exhibition was opened. On
entering the pavilion in Ivanhoe Park there was a
great attraction in the vestibule, for there was erected
a large circular stall, enveloped in green foliage.
Palms, flowers, Pandanus fruits from Port Macquarie,
Ferns, among which the Stag's-horn Ferns {Platy-
cerium) were conspicous among many of great beauty
— all elegantly arranged. Over the openings for the
display and sale of the various beautiful bouquets,
floral wreaths, &:c., were floral emblems or devices,
tastefully worked in native flowers. The interior of
this pretty bower was presided over by numerous
young ladies, dressed with taste, and vying in beauty
with the flowers around them, which they were dis-
posing of in the form of bouquets varying in price
Irom isi to 5J., according to the size and variety
of the flowers composing them. On entering
the hall the visitor was rather bewildered by the
variety of beauty before him, and how to commence
gratifying his sight. The stalls were arranged with
great taste, vases of brilliant Waratahs [Telopea spe-
ciosissima], bouquets of every size, and beautifully
arranged, from pure white to a delicate blending of
flowers of various tints and others worked into various
fanciful devices. Among the devices was a harp
the strings of which were formed of golden flowers ;
another was a cross, beautifully executed ; and
another a Union Jack, all worked in the wild
flowers. Many of the wedding bouquets were very
elegant, the pure white flowers being contrasted by
the delicate green of the Maidenhair Fern (Adian-
tum) ; many of the wedding wreaths were also very
beautiful. The bouquets descended from the large
bunch for a vase in various sizes, to the tiny but
charmingly arranged clusters for the buttonhole.
Ttie floral wreaths, floral emblems, and other decora-
lions, formed a galaxy of t^eauty and taste.
As a contrast in the hall to the bright colour of the
stalls around were groups of Fern trees, Palms, &c.,
which formed a pleasing variety; near them were a
few spikes of the gigantic Lily, Doryanthes excelsa,
but the rich crimson flowers were not yet fully ex-
panded. Although the native flowers are deficient in
perfume, yet for delicacy of tints and variety and
richness of colour they are not to be surpassed, and
their natural rigidity enables them to retain their
vitality for a great length of time. What attracted
great attention at the head of the hall was an exten-
sive bank of flowers of from thirty-five to forty species,
arranged in fine order, embedded in wet sand, by
Mrs. Morris and her sister. Miss Miller. Over this
fine collection was a large device of the Prince of
Wales' feather, foimed of large spikes of the Dendro-
bium or Rock Luy, ot a golaen tint. On each side
of this bank were eight panels, 3 or 4 feet square,
composed of bright-coloured native flowers, such as
WaaTabs, Epacnses, &c. On the columns in the
vicinity were some tine pink fruits of the ''Killepilly. "
In another stall was displayed an interesting model
o^ a Japanese garden. It was formed around a lake
made of looking-glass. The garden was composed
of velvety moss, small Ferns, and native plants form-
ing miniature clumps of trees ; it was arranged with
great taste by Mr. Smedley, who had visited Japan,
and was in the stall among an abundant display of
bouquets, devices, &c., presided over by the Misses
Rowe and Warburton. They had also some Japanese
Ferns adorned in the Japanese style with native
flowers, having a charming effect. The public school
children of Manly had a stall to themselves, and their
display in bouquets, baskets of Ferns, and other
exhibits, showed much taste in their arrangement,
and was highly creditable to them. It was too early
in the season for the elegant ''Christmas bush" to
display its red persistent calyces ; but it was well repre-
sented on this occasion by a very excellent competitive
drawing by Miss Miller, who obtained the 2d prize
for it, having carried off the ist for her beautiful life-
size drawing of a noble spike of the Dendrobium, or
Rock Lily. Every effort was made by the committee
of this novel exhibition to ensure success, and from
upwards of 2000 visitors on the first day, and a greater
number on the second, there can be no doubt that
it was a success. George Bennett^ I\I,D., F.L.S.,
Sept. 20. [We are delighted to find our Colonial
friends carrying on a plan often advocated in these
columns. Why should they, with such grand material
at their doors, care to make indiff"erent imitations of
European shows ? Ed.]
bairtnr|5).
Work in the Houses. — A steady decline in Ihe
temperatures of the warm houses will have taken
place during the past month or so, and as the days
are now rapidly shortening the lowest or what may
be termed safe winter temperatures should at once be
followed. The East Indian plants, including Pha-
Ijenopsis and Angrfecums, will pass safely through
the winter in a night temperature of 63°, with a rise
of 5° during the day. The Mexican plants should be
kept at about 58° at night and 62° during the day.
During cold frosty weather 3° lower night and day
will not injure the plants in the Mexican house.
Dendrobiums at rest should be kept in a dry airy
temperature ranging from 50° to 58°, and any that
have not yet completed their growths, such as D.
moschatum and D. Dalhousieanum, must be encou-
raged in a light position in a stove temperature, keeping
them damp at the root till their growths are made up,
when a reduced temperature will be beneficial to them.
Thecool-houseplantsshouldbekeptbetween45°andS5°,
and the mean of these two temperatures will maintain
them in the best of health. Any Odontoglossums
now showing or developing their flower-spikes should
be assisted with a little extra warmth. The slow growth
of the spikes in the cool-house during the winter
months is tedious to witness, and a little extra warmth
to plants in that stage will bring the spikes out finer,
and the flowers larger and brighter in colour during the
winter months. The month of November is the worst in
the whole year for preserving the beauty of any Or-
chids that may be in flower, especially light-coloured
ones, such as Odontoglossum Alexandra and most of
the Cattleyas. Where there is a superabundance of
moisture they quickly become spotted, so that any now
in flower must be placed in a dry, buoyant atmo-
sphere to keep them fresh and good for any length of
time. The earliest Pleiones will be passing out of
flower, and as growth will be commenced, a little
warmth and a light position must be accorded
them. Any that may be overcrowded with bulbs
should be separated and planted thinly over shallow
pans. It will be better to allow them to stand undis-
turbed for a couple of weeks after flowering, when
the repotting may be done with safety. A sandy
compost suits them best, formed of two parts fibry
peat to one of sphagnum moss and one part sandy
fibrous loam. A thin layer of this compost placed
over ample drainage will suit them. Laslia Perrinii
and L. Dominiana will be passing out of flower, and
must be kept quiet for some lime. As these species
flower as soon as their growths are completed,
they should be kept from commencing growth
again before the spring, when they will have the best
season before them for making stout growths that will
flower strongly in the following autumn. Many of the
Cypripediums will be in full growth, and must be
encouraged in the best temperatures for producing
good growth at command. Any of the winter
bloomers, such as C. insigne, that are now throwing
up their flower-spikes will be benefited by an occa-
sional dose of clear liquid manure, especially if the
plants are pot-bound, y. Roberts, Gtmnerslmry.
L^ELiA Perrinii. — There seems to be great
diversity of opinion amongst various authors as to the
correct generic affinities of this plant, and it has at
different times been described as a Cattleya, a Bletia,
or a Loelia. In the construction of the floral organs
the two latter bear a close resemblance, although in
habit they are very different. The species of Bletia
are in general readily recognised by their terrestrial
habit and linear grass-like leaves, while Lrelia is
epiphytal with coriaceous leaves. At all events for
horticultural purposes they are very different, and the
species under notice constitutes no mean ornament for
the Cattleya-house during the dull autumnal months.
Several varieties, merely differing in the shade of
colour, from lilac to nearly white, occupy the cool
Orchid-house at Kew ; and as a species presents a
striking individuality from the curious manner in
which the sepals and petals recede or fall back, as it
were, from the labellum, which is very prominent,
with a long tube and having a small but conspicuous
rich purple limb. This highly modified structure is
doubtless due to insect agency, and must facilitate or
ensure cross fertilisation.
Orchids at Bocking Place, Braintree.— All
Mr. Sydney Courtauld's Orchid-houses are new, one
block being added during the present season, the
additional space thus afforded working beneficial
results, particularly on the Odontoglossums, Masde-
vallias, and other cool sections. Oncidium varico-
sum, in grand variety, is splendidly grown and
flowered in the cool-house ; the plants are mounted
on neat little shallow cork vases, with tall Hazel-wood
cross legs, similar to those we often see offered in
town for the purpose of growing Ferns in. The plants
are grown cool and moist, in much the same way as
the Odontoglossums, except that but little stuff is
placed about them, so that there is nothing to retain
the water too long about them. O, varicosum likes
frequent and copious waterings, but never thrives with
anything to hold stagnant moisture about it. The new
cold-house seems to suit the plants well ; it is already
filled with a fine and varied lot of Odontoglossum
crispum, and many of the scarce hybrids and a good
general collection of Masdevallias. In bloom are
some gigantic bulbed O. Pescatorei, O. Alexandra,
O. madrense, O. grande, Masdevallia Veitchiana,
some very fine forms of M. chimera and the scarlet
Sophronitis. Noticeable in the intermediate-house
are a grand plant of Vanda Calhcarti, 3 feet in height,
with foliage to the pot, and bearing two strong flower-
spikes ; Mormodes lentiginosa, a very singular Orchid ;
Comparettia macroplectron, a blush or pink little
beauty of singular and attractive form; and the rare
and showy Scuticaria Steelii, with its drooping Rush-
like leaves and massive waxy flowers, with primrose
ground colour, blotched and lined with reddish-brown
and purple. Among the other well-flowered plants
in other houses are Cypripedium Schlimii, some fine
pans of Pleiones (one of P. lagenaria having thirty-
three blooms open), La:lia autumnalis atro-rubens,
with six to nine flowers on a spike ; good Vanda
ccerulea, Gongora maculata, Maxillaria grandiflora,
Nanodes MedusK, which is a weed in a cold-house ;
and the snow-white, maroon spotted Burlingtonia
decora, a fine old Orchid, which has recently been
reintroduced. The aspect of the Orchids in general
at Bocking Place gives good promise for the future.
The collection of Nepenthes also is good and inter-
esting.
Messrs. Protheroe & Morris' Sale of
Orchids in Flower, at their Central Rooms,
67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.G., on Tuesday, Octo-
ber 30, proved one of the horticultural events of the
season, and a great success, one of the finest and
most diversified lots of Orchids in bloom ever brought
together in a public sale room being passed under
the hammer of Mr. Protheroe, in the presence of a
numerous and influential gathering of Orchidists.
Something like 400 lots, comprising well flowered
specimens of Vanda crerulea, Odontoglossum crispum,
Pleiones, Sophronitis, Cypripediums, Cattleya;, and
most other favourites, were disposed of at fair prices,
alike satisfactory to buyer and seller. Among the rare
things, William Lee, Esq., of Downside, secured a fine
plant of a pure white form of Cattleya Eldorado, with
dark carmine lip ; Dendrobium Wardianum album,
Odontoglossum Andersonianum lobatum and another
fine snow-white Cattleya, wiih orange throat and
light rose lower half of the labellum. It came from
Messrs. F. Sander and Co.', and was received by them
from Mr. Lehmann, who collected it on the ground
from whence his and the late Mr. Chesterton's plants
came which were sold in January last, The flower on
NOVF.MIIFR 3, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
563
this small piece is target lovely, and of fine substance.
It augurs well for the importation which Chesterton
spoke so highly of.
Odontoglossum Pescatokei vak. (of the Veitchii
strain). — A lovely thing of perfect form, and with
heavy crimson spotting, which flowered at the large
Orchid establishment of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., at
St. Albans, and which was offered by that firm at
Messrs. Protheroe & Morris', on Friday, October 26,
was secured by Messrs. Jas. Veilch cK: Son, of Chelsea,
at 70 guineas. The plant may be honestly described
as second to none but the original O. Pcscatorci
Veilchii.
The removal of the summer plants and the work
of refurnishing the beds with either shrubs, spring-
flowering plants, or bulbs, should now be nearly com-
pleted, for although the weather has been unusually
favourable this autumn, and many of the late flower-
ing subjects are still very beautiful, and the tempta-
tion great to allow them to remain, still, if the spring
garden is to be a success, the operation of planting
should be finished as quickly as possible, so as to
enable the plants to become well established in the
beds before frost checks their growth. Early planting
in cold districts is the chief step towards success in
the spring garden, and should on no account be
neglected. Another point which should receive atten-
tion is not to have the soil of the beds over-
rich, but aim to secure hardy growth by the
addition of sandy loam rather than stimulating
manures, which produce succulent shoots more easily
affected by frost, and not in the end so productive
of flowers. The best time to give a stimulant
is in the spring, when the danger of severe
frost is past, by administering an occasional soaking
of liquid-manure just at the time when the flower-buds
are expanding, In the removal of late flowering
plants, such as Dahlias, Salvias, and all similar sub-
jects, care should be taken to see that they are free
from excessive moisture by inverting the roots after the
stems are cut down in a dry shed for a few days, and
afterwards storing them in dry sand or soil in a cool
moderately dry shed till spring, taking care to secure
the names firmly to the top of the stem beforehand.
Gladiolus are somewhat late in ripening their growths
this year, and should still be allowed to remain in
the ground ; where, planted in groups, a space should
be left round their stems unplanted, which can easily
be filled after their removal ; in the mean time,
should severe frosts occur, a little dry sand or leaf
soil should be placed at their base as a protection to
the bulbs.
Herbaceous Borders. — As many of the her-
baceous plants have now become somewhat shabby and
unsightly in appearance, they may be cut down.
Where the growth is sufficiently ripened, do not,
however, in order to secure extreme neatness, carry
this practice to excess, and so weaken the plants
by untimely removal of their green stems and
foliage. Before doing so make careful notes
of the heights, colours, period of flowering, and
other distinctive characteristics oi any new species
or varieties which may have been recently intro-
duced, and with which you are not quite familiar.
These notes will afterwards be found very valuable
when the plants are cut down, especially if a re-
arrangement of the borders is found necessary, or a
new one required to be made. This is an excellent
time of the year to undertake such work, as most of
these lovely plants will now bear removal and division,
For those kinds which are too tender or too small
to endure the rigour of our winters until they are
fjirly well established, the protection of a cold frame
will be found advantageous ; and suitable and con-
venient spaces can be left for their reception in
the borders, in the spring, when danger from
frost is past. In forming a new border, or
borders, I would strongly advocate the neces-
sity and advantage, not only for convenience,
but also as being so much more effective than
mixed arrangements, of growing the different species
separately, or at least in planting together only such
kinds as are found to improve each other by juxta-
position. Although herbaceous plants in general do
not require any special preparation of the soil, still
there are some very choice kinds which are benefited
by a little extra attention in this respect, anl when
grouped separately this can the more readily be dune.
For most species, however, a sandy loam, not too
much enriched by manure, will be found very suitable,
and there are few kinds worth growing which will not
succeed in such a soil. In dividing and replanting
it is not advisable.', if immediate ellcct is required, to
reduce the roots very small, and care should be
taken to plant the taller and coarser-growing kinds
in the larger beds, or most backward positions,
and the smaller and more delicate growers in
the smaller beds or front positions, taking especial
care to plant a few good and elfective kinds in suffi-
cient masses to produce a decided effect, rather than
intermix in an indiscriminate way, so as to produce
an indefinite medley. When the planting is finished,
water should be given to settle the soil amongst the
roots, and a mulching of half-decayed leaves will form
an excellent protection against frost.
Roses. — This is perhaps the most suitable time to
plant all kinds of Roses, in doing which the soil
should have been previously prepared by trenching to
a depth of 2 feet, and if poor, by mixing in a portion
of well-decayed manure ; or, better still, a quantity
of fresh turf or rich loam ; if somewhat sandy, so
much the better. After planting, a good mulching of
half-decayed manure will prove beneficial, T. S. C.
|M |ait(l]i |i;uit |ar(l.|n.
Now that the fruit trees are losing their foliage,
planting should be commenced in earnest. The fine
dry weather has left the soil in capital condition, and
where the preparations are completed, planting will
be greatly facilitated. The roots of newly planted
trees must be spread carefully and regularly all round,
covering them with a few spadefuls of fine earth, but
avoid deep planting, and keep the roots only a few
inches beneath the surface, cutting off with a sharp
knife any bruised or broken portions. Make the soil
firm around each plant, and secure to stakes. Mulch
the surface from 2 to 3 feet around each stem, to
protect the roots from frost.
Trees intended to be lifted to induce fruitfulness,
should be operated on immediately. The removal of any
large trees it is intended to place in another position,
and which should have been prepared by trenching
round one year previously, should also be carried out.
In these cases it will also be necessary to mulch and
stake. In making the selection of soits to plant of
Apples and Pears, choose rather a few varieties known
to be good and sure bearers, and adapted to the soil
and climate of the district, and sorts that will succeed
each other, and so extend the season. Several of
each should be planted, in preference to selecting
one of a kind of the most showy varieties,
many of which are not great and constant bearers,
though of first size and quality. This remark applies
more to small establishments, but though larger ones
must have a quantity of some reliable kinds, with
plenty of space they can also go in for variety. An
orchard should be connected with every establishment
for supplementing the garden produce where the trees
may be allowed to attain dimensions undesirable in
the garden set apart for vegetables. All the garden-
ing periodicals abound at this season of the year with
selections and descriptions of the best varieties, and
if writers would make it a point always when doing
so of giving the soil, subsoil, aspect, and particulars
of climate a boon would be conferred upon their
readers. Where it is necessary to remove plantations
or to fill up gaps in Gooseberry, Currant, or Rasp-
berry quarters the old plants may be safely moved
now, and new plantations be formed if the ground
has been previously deeply trenched and manured.
The rows of Gooseberries and Currants should be
6 feet apart, and the plants 5 feet 6 inches apart in
the rows. Raspberries to be trained to wires running
the length of the rows should be planted iS inches apart
in the rows, which should be from 8 to 10 feet apart, to
prevent overcrowding, and insure a proper ripening of
the canes, also to admit of rows of early Cauliflowers or
Cabbages being grown between. Peaches and Apri-
cots should have their leaves — which easily separate
from the tree — removed by hand, so that the wood
may have all the advantage of the sun and air to
mature it. I prefer removing them with the hand to
using a birch broom, as though it takes up more time
there is no fear of injury to shoots or buds. As soon
as the foliage has fallen from Pears, Plums, Cherries,
and Currants, pruning may commence. In large estab-
lishments it is found necessary to begin thus early, as
there is a great amount generally to be got through,
and advantage must be taken of all fine weather;
besides, now it is much more comforrabic (or the
operator than further on, when the cold and wet
weather prevails. Every tie or shred should be te^ttd
as to whether it is capable of standing another year ;
some at least should be renewed, to make sure that
when another season's crop is on the shred or lie dots
not give way, to the possible loss of both crop and
branch. The old nail-holes and crevices on walls
should now be slopped, the workmen in the garden,
who know the value of branches and buds, being the
best to perform this work. D, C. Powell.
lErapes anb Uinedes.
Vines. — The earliest house must have the front
and back ventilators left open night and day until the
Vines start, and where Grapes are required as early as
possible it may be closed and started gently now.
Where fermenting material is used on the inside
border no fire-heat will be required for the first few
weeks. Before starling water the border thoroughly
with clear tepid water at a temperature of 85'', and
turn over the fermenting material every morning, and
add a little fresh when the heat is declining to keep
it steady ; syringe the rods with tepid water when
they are dry, but where fermenting material is used
they will not require much syringing. Cover the out-
side border with fermenting material, so that it will
be at about 80° to 85", and examine it every few days
to see that the heat keeps steady, and replace the
shutters to throw otT the wet. In succession-houses
the decayed foliage must be gathered as it falls,
and the Vines can be pruned whenever opportunity
offers, and have all the air possible night and day.
Late Hamburghs still hanging on the Vines will
require great care to keep them well now. On
dull, foggy days very little air must be given, and
that on ihe top ventilators only, with sufficient
fire-heat to dispel the damp ; but when there is a
bright day admit air freely in the early part, and
reduce it before evening. Look over the Grapes
every few days for decaying berries, or they will soon
disfigure the bunches. Muscats can be kept at a
night temperature of 50"", and have sufficient water at
the roots on the inside border to keep the berries
plump ; but if the border is covered with fern or
straw, to prevent evaporation, no more water will be
required. Give air on the back ventilators on all
favourable occasions, but not much front air will be
required, for if a cold draught is felt the berries will
turn brown and not keep so well. All late varieties
of Grapes can be kept at a night temperature of 45"
to 50°, according to the state of the weather outside ;
a temperature a few degrees lower is always belter
than loo much fire-heat. Pot Vines for early work
must be kept outside until they are started, when
they must be kept at a night temperature of 50°, with
a rise of 10° by day and a moist, growing atmosphere,
Joshua Atkins.
THE PARCELS POST.
The Postmaster-General has given notice that from
and after November I rural carriers, whether on foot
or mounted, will be required to accept parcels from
the public for dispatch wherever they now collect
letters, and the collection of parcels is subject to the
following regulations : —
"(a.) A rural carrier on foot must not accept, from
any one person, a greater weight of parcels ihan 7 lb. in
the aggregate, unless he shall have received notice, on
the previous day, from such person of his intention to
send a greater weight.
" (<^.) A mounted rural carrier is not required to accept
a greater weight in ihe aggregate than 21 lb. from any
one person unless similar notice shall have been given
to liim.
" [c.) Such notice may also be given by the sender at
any post oflice on the route of Ihe rural carrier, and tlie
postmaster of such office will inform the rural carrier.
" {d.) A parcel handed to a rural carrier must be
withni the prescribed limits of weight and size, and must
bear stamps to the full amount required for postage, the
sender being held responsible that these conditions are
complied with.
" {e.) A rural carrier may, at the request of the sender,
weigh or measure a parcel, or check the postage, when
his doing so does not interfere with the proper perform-
ance of his duties, but the sender mu5t understand that
the rural carrier is not responsible for the correctness of
the weight, size, or postage, as this responsibility rests
with the oflice at which the rural carrier hands in the
parcel. Tlie rural carrier may, however, refuse to accept
a parcel which, beyond all doubt, is above the limits of
weight or size.
" ( /. ) A rural carrier unable to accept more parcels
must explain the reason to the person who offers the
parcel, and must report the circumstance at the next
bub-office on his route, and also to the postmaster of
the terminal office."
564
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883.
Thursday, Nov. 8-^
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
( Continuation of Great Apple Show at Man-
MfiNHAV Nnu e i Chester (to oth).
MONDAY, xvov. 5 "j gales of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' and
I Protheroe & Morris" Rooms.
fSale of Roses, Fruit Trees, Bulbs, &c., at
the City Auction Rooms, by Protheroe &
Morris.
Tuesday, Nov. 6 \ Sale of Nursery Stock, at the Milford Nur-
series, Godalming (four days) ; and at the
Manor Road Nursery, Lee, by Protheroe
_ & Morris.
r Chr>'sanlhemum Show at Eastbourne.
Sale of Nursery Stock, at the Eaton Nur-
I series, Norwich (two days), by Protheroe
Wednisdav, Nov. 7 -j Sate o "ntrdy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
I Rooms.
Sale of Camellias, Azaleas, &c , at Protheroe
L it Morris' Rooms.
i Sale of Imported and Established Orchids,
' at Stevens' Rooms.
J Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
( Rooms.
( Sales of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
o< Rooms: and of Hutch Bulbs, at Protheroe
I & Morris' Rcoms.
IT is not much more than twelve months ago
that we had the pleasure of announcing the
opening of the Marianne North Gallery of
" Paintings of Plants and their Homes " in
Kew Gardens ; and now already we have
something to say respecting an important addi-
tion to that unique collection which, although
situated in a somewhat remote part of the gar-
dens, and not mentioned in the current edition
of the Guide, has been visited by many thou-
sands of persons. Indeed, go when we will,
we always find that the picture-gallery has
absorbed more than a fair share of the visitors
to the gardens, and there is no doubt the
attraction will be permanent, because truth-
ful pictures convey to the mind a vast amount
of instruction in so pleasant a manner. We can
imagine no more valuable adjunct to the un-
rivalled collections of living and dried plants at
Kew, for in these pictures we have a reproduc-
tion of the aspects of vegetable life in various
parts of the world, and individual beauty in its
fullest development.
The collection opened to the public twelve
months ago last June illustrates, more or less
fully, the flora of Tenerifife, Brazil, the West
Indies, North America, both East and West
India, including Ceylon, Borneo, Java, Japan,
New Zealand, Tasmania, and Australia, besides
many plants, met with in botanic gardens,
native of other parts of the world. But in this
collection of upwards of 600 paintings there
were very few representing the vegetation of
Africa. Miss North felt that this was a great
void, and she had hardly finished the toilsome
task of hanging her pictures and painting fresh
ones to cover odd spaces, than, as we chronicled
at the time, she started for the Cape to fill it. Her
return last spring, somewhat enfeebled in health
from an attack of fever, was briefly announced.
A few months' comparative repose restored her
strength ; and this courageous lady has again
left this country on a long voyage to paint more
pictures. Before going, however, she set the
builders to work on a new wing to the gallery
for the reception of the South African pictures,
and such others as she may paint on her pre-
sent travels. By this time she is probably in the
Seychelles, whither she went to paint the Palm
forms peculiar to those islands, and threatened
with early extinction. It was also her intention
to visit Mauritius and Madagascar, if prac-
ticable, and afterwards, possibly, Sumatra. Let
us hope that she may have health and strength
to carry her intentions into effect.
The South African pictures, which we hastily
looked over a few days before Miss North's
departure, give, perhaps, as good an idea of the
characteristic features of the flora of that region
as one may gain of Australian vegetation from
the pictures in the collection already visible to
the public.
There are admirable pieces of landscape,
showing the physiognomy of the vegetation ;
and we are repeatedly reminded of the almost
total absence of trees beyond those of quite
small stature. The fact, too, that a genus
specifically so numerously represented in the
flora as the Heath (Erica), yet forms no such
prominent feature in the vegetation as the few
species we have of Erica, for example, do in this
country, is apparent. These pictures teach much,
and are by far the most valuable part of the
collection. The groups of cut flowers in vases
"done to wile away wet days," are many of
them charming in their way, but they lack the
novelty and interest of the plants in their
homes.
The showy Proteaceous genera, Leucaden-
dron and Protea, of which the present generation
knows next to nothing in this country, are
represented by many of the more striking
species. It is noteworthy that, during the last
sixty years or thereabouts, not a single species
of either of these large genera has been figured
in the Botatiical Magazine or other serial pub-
lication. During the first quarter of the present
century from twenty-five to thirty species of
these two genera, but chiefly of Protea, were
cultivated in this country, and figured in various
serials. Andrews' Botanists' Repository is the
principal source, containing altogether six plates
of Protea, and thirty-three of Leucadendron ;
several of them, however, represent varieties
rather than species. Of figures of these plants,
previous to that date, we only remember
those in Weinmann's Pltytanthozaicotiograpliia
— rather a long word ! — which date from 1737,
and which are remarkably good for the period.
Whether they were painted from plants culti-
vated in Europe, or from plants growing at the
Cape, we have not ascertained.
We venture to hope that Miss North's
paintings will induce some of our amateurs to
take up the cultivation of these singular shrubs.
The species of Leucadendron are dio^cious,
and the two sexes are so different in habit and
aspect that they are easily distinguished, as
Miss North's paintings show. The female
plants bear the seed-vessels of several succes-
sive seasons.
Another element, consisting of plants with
fleshy, more or less Cactus-like stems, devoid of
true leaves, is represented by paintings of
various species of Euphorbia — columnar and
spheroidal — Stapelia, &c. There is also a paint-
ing of a fine specimen of the arboreous Aloe
dichotoma, an isolated tree, or group of two or
three trees, we forget which, the remains of the
indigenous vegetation in the midst of cultivation,
and distant some miles, the artist informed us,
from any other member of its species. A remark-
ably robust Kniphofia attracted our attention.
It stands out by itself in a barren, bare looking
place, in a rocky wild country, where its broad
dark green foliage and massive spikes of scarlet
and yellow flowers are exceedingly effective.
Lovers of Cape bulbs have a great treat in
store ; they will derive additional pleasure from
seeing them as they grow at home. There is a
great variety of them depicted, belonging to the
genera Gladiolus, Babiana, Ixia, Sparaxis,
Antholyza, Watsonia, &c. ; specially noteworthy
are the showy Crinum Moorei, the Poison
Lily (Brunsvigia toxicaria), the graceful Dierama
pendula (Sparaxis pendula}, and a thicket of
Watsonia Meriana. Disa grandiflora, the "glory
of the Table Mountain," is there too ; but the
artist had to paint it from a cultivated plant,
not being fortunate enough to be at its home
during its flowering season. A more familiar
plant, Richardia aethiopica, is very striking in
full flower, growing socially in large masses ;
as is also another species of the same genus,
having yellow spotted leaves. Various species
of Erica, of Pelargonium, of Mesembryanthe-
mum, of Helichrysum, and other showy members
of the Compositae, of singularly formed terres-
trial Orchids, of brilliantly-coloured fleshy, leaf-
less parasites belonging to the Scrophularinese,
are scattered up and down in the landscapes
and associated with bolder subjects. There is
also the unique Strelitzia form, the Melianthus,
and a host of others less distinctly imprinted
on our memory in the short half hour that we
spent so pleasantly in looking over them.
— ^ Honours to Horticuturists. — We learn
from the Belgian Moniteiir^ that in virtue of a decree
dated October 7, M. Lavall£e, President of the
National and Central Horticultural Society of France,
has been appointed Officer of the Order of Leopold,
and that the following gentlemen have been named
Chevaliers of the same Order :— M. Wagner, of
Riga ; Van Geert, President of the Syndical
Chamber of Belgian Nurserymen ; de Ghellinck,
Member of the Council of the Society of Agriculture
and Botany of Ghent ; d'Huyvetter, Treasurer of
the Society, and MM. Van Houtte and Linden,
nurserymen of Ghent.
Syndical Chamber of Belgian Nur-
serymen.— To commemorate the honours paid to
those members of the Chamber recently appointed
Chevaliers of the Order of Leopold a banquet is to be
offered them by the members of the Chamber as a
sympathetic and cordial recognition on the part of
their fellows.
A Fruit Show in Jersey. — We are in-
debted to the courtesy of the Editor of the new Jersey
Gardener for an advance proof of his report of the
recent fruit show in that island, from which we gather
that there were over 800 entries, and considering that
a destructive storm swept over the island in
September, divesting many of the trees of their best
fruits, the display was a very good one ; but on
examining closely and weighing the Chaumontels,
Uvedale's St. Germain, and other large growing
sorts, it was found that there was a falling off in size
this year. Thus, Uvedale's St. Germain has been
exhibited in Jersey up to 3J lb. weight, but the
largest this year only weighed 30 oz. ; and the largest
twenty-five fruits only weighed 32^ lb.
The Federation of Belgian Horticul-
tural SociEflES. — The Bulletin for the year 1881,
which is only now published contains in addition to
the numerous reports o( the affiliated societies and
official documents, a notice of Gaspard Demoulin,
a catalogue of the succulent plants presented to the
Brussels Botanic Garden by Madame Demoulin, a
translation of Mr. Hibberd's list of nineteenth cen-
tury Roses, an article on the Vines of Hceilaart, and
a translation of Mr. Tayler's " Vines at Longleat,"
dated April, 18S3.
International Forestry Exhibition,
Edinburgh. — We understand that at a meeting of
the Executive Committee, held on October 24 — the
Marquis of Lothian presiding — letters were read
from the Lords of the Committee of Council on Educa-
tion (Science and Art Department), Kensington,
expressing in the strongest terms their approval of the
project, and stating that the object of the exhibition
was one which deserved every encouragement, scientific
forestry being much neglected in this country. Her
Majesty's Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs, the
Colonies, and India have also warmly supported the
undertaking and proffered their co-operation.
Orange Trees. — Mr. William Saunders,
in an official report to the United States Department
of Agriculture at Washington, mentions having seen
a large tree in Florida, from which as many as 10,000
Oranges had been picked in one season ; the crop for
this year, which had recently been taken from it,
amounted to 7800 oranges.
Triplet AppLES.^Mr. Powell sends us a
group of three Apples fused together into one mass at
the base. We have frequently seen two thus united
but do not remember to have seen three so united
before.
The " Forest Flora of South Aus-
tralia."— We have received the second part of this
publication, which consists of a series of coloured
plates of Eucalypts, with descriptive text by Mr. J. E.
Brown, the Government Conservator of Forests.
The species figured in the present part are E. leucoxy-
lon, E. leucoxylon var. macrocarpa and var. paupe-
rita, and E. cosmophylla. Some idea of the range of
variation in these trees may be gleaned from these
plates, while the mischievous confiasion wrought by
The Gardeners' Chronicle, J
Fig. ioi.— fuchsia exoniensis, (see p. 560.)
^November 3, 1883,
566
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883.
" popular names " of vague and varied application
receives further confirmation. Eucalyptus leucoxylon,
for instance, is known in various parts of South Aus-
tralia as Blue Gum, White Gum, Pink Gum, and
Bastard Red Gum ; and the author himself adopts the
name Blue Gum, which, in this country at least, is
generally accepted as the vernacular for Eucalyptus
globulus.
The Chrysanthemum Shows.— The short
but busy season during which the Chrysanthemum
shows may be said to claim all our attention will
commence on Wednesnayand Thursday next at East-
bourne, and there will be enough of them on hand
in the following week to satisfy the greatest glutton.
First, on the 12th and 13th, comes the Stoke Newing-
ton show ; on the 12th, 13th, and I4lh, the Lambeth
Amateurs hold their annual display ; on the 13th we
may expect to see some new ones at South Kensing-
ton ; and on the same day the Putney and Southamp-
ton growers will hold high court. On the 14th and
15th the Borough of Hackney Society will make the
Westminster Aquarium a gay place in a floral sense ;
and on the same days the turn of the growers in the
Croydon district will come. On the 15th and i6th
the Kingston show will be held ; after which a truce
will be declared until the following Monday, the 19th,
when on that and the following day a new society,
formed at Winchester, will make its first claim (or
public support and recognition. On the 20th Mr.
FiNDLAY will follow Up the Apple show with one of
Chrysanthemums in the Town Hall, Manchester.
On the 20th and 21st the annual show will be held at
Chesterfield. On the 21st the Ealing show comes off ;
and on that and the next day Birmingham and
Bristol will be m fete ; with Shrewsbury on the 22d.
Reading will hold out its Chrysanthemum banner
on the 22d ; and Liverpool on the 27th and 28th ;
the season being closed at South Shields on December
5 and 6, the display here being the only one held
north of York. Of non-competitive exhibitions
several will be in fine condition for examination
next week. Notably will this be the case with the
collections grown so well by Mr. Newton and
Mr. Wright in the Inner and Middle Temple
Gardens respectively. Mr. Cochrane's display in
Finsbury Park, and Mr. McIntyke's in Victoria
Park, both extensive and well done, and both
thoroughly appreciated by the residents in North
and East London, will be well worth a visit. At
Slough Mr. Turner has a larger display than ever,
and has filled the conservatory in which the Carna-
tion show was held entirely with Japanese varieties,
which should prove a remarkable exhibition in itself.
The fine collection of specimens grown by T. H.
Bryant, Esq., at Glencairn, Surbiton Hill, will not
this year be sent to Kingston, though finer than ever
in quality, but will be opened to public inspection, at
a charge of is. each, on November 1$, 16, and 17,
rhe money received to be devoted to the Surbiton
Cottage Hospital.
• Premature Flowering. — Messrs. W.
Pritchard & Sons send us from Shrewsbury sprays
of Laburnum in bloom on the same branch with the
ripe pods of last season. The buds, which under
ordinary circumstances remain dormant throughout
the winter, have, stimulated by the mild autumn,
prematurely started into growth. It is an instance of
what the French call y/i^HrciVoH antuipce, and which we
may translate as premature flowering. The Laburnum
usually flowers from short spurs like those of a Pear
or Apple, and it has done so in this case ; but it is
not unusual to find at this season flowers on the ends
of the long shoots of this year's growth. In this
latter instance the case is not so much one of pre-
mature flowering as of the development of flowers
where leaves should be. So that the unseasonable
flowering of the Laburnum may be due to two different
causes. The same thing happens in some Pears, the
Napoleon being particularly liable to it. From Messrs.
Beach of Ealing, come young flowering shoots of
Raspberries, produced from young canes of this
season's growth, which died down about six weeks
ago, and have started afresh. From Jersey we hear
of the Lilac being in bloom, as well as fruit trees,
and ripe Strawberries.
Disease in Amaryllis and Eucharis,—
Specimens of a curious disease in the leaves of Amar-
yllis and the bulbs of Eucharis have been forwarded
with a view to ascertain whether it is due or not to
any fungus growth. In both alike it is remarkable
for the broad orange coloured patches which com-
pletely penetrate the substance. Its effects on the
Amaryllis are not mentioned, but the plants of
Eucharis affected have not flowered this year. On
examination a mass of branched procumbent threads,
consisting of short articulations, and accompanied by
multitudes of elliptic, or rather shortly fusiform spores,
whose mode of attachment has not been clearly ascer-
tained. As the matter is still somewhat obscure, we
can only say that the parasite clearly belongs to Sac-
carde's genus Cercosporium, so far as he includes in
it species with procumbent threads. The spores,
however, it should be observed, are far shorter than
is usual in Cercosporium. M. J. B.
Weather Aspects. — The joys of an Indian
summer have for once been fully realised in this
country. The end of October has proved a veritable
second summer, and some days were even warmer
and more pleasant than were many found in the month
of June, But no feature so strongly marks a de-
cidedly peculiar year as does the entire absence of
frost during the month just past. Few things are so
rare as a frostless October, and that month in the
year now fast drawing to its end will have to be long
remembered as one singularly soft, pleasant, and
delightful. There have been gentle hints of the
presence of the crisp silvering of the grass in the
valleys, or upon the higher altitudes, but of real,
withering, blasting frost, we have had none, and
even the tenderest of plants were found as fresh
and vigorous when October expired as they were
at its birth. The effect of the summer-like weather
upon the foliage of trees has, too, been peculiarly
marked, and, so far, has quite belled the antici-
pations of those who a few weeks back looked for an
early defoliation of the trees. Those which are now
leafless become always leafless early ; but many that
shed their leaves earlier under the influence of frosts
and storms have ripened their foliage to rich golden
and buff tints, showing decay and death, not from
violence or disease, but from sheer natural exhaustion.
The autumn has, therefore, been in a peculiar degree
rich in foliage effects . No doubt gardeners who are tired
of the constant and slow dropping of the leaves would
now prefer a few white frosts to clear off all the lag-
gard foliage, and enable a clean sweep to be made of
it for the year, but Nature will take her own course,
and so far she seems to be doing her work wisely and
well.
Pinewood Fungus. — There is a curious
fungus which occurs not very uncommonly on im-
ported Pine-wood on railways, and which occasionally
appears, to the great surprise of every one, in houses
in London, of which specimens were exhibited some
years ago by Mr. Bateman at the Royal Horticultural
Society. It is recorded by Fries as Lentinus lepi-
dens — more correctly L. lepideus. A good specimen
of this, with the veil, which is usually very fugitive,
still attached, was found by Mr. Plowright at
King's Lynn in a hollow Elm tree — a very unlikely
habitat for a species which has been supposed hitherto
to be confined to coniferous wood. Its discovery is
interesting as to the habitat, and its being 3 real
native of this country. In other cases the mycelium
has doubtless already existed in the wood. M. J. B.
Presentation to Mr. G. Cole. — On
October 26, Mr. George Cole, who is leaving the
neighbourhood of Exeter, was presented with a hand-
some gold albert watch chain, with a shield appended,
and a purse of money, by his friends. Mr. D.
C. Powell made the presentation on behalf ot the
subscribers, at a well attended meeting, and in the
course of his remarks alluded to Mr. Cole's well
known skill as a plantsraan, and to the many lessons
that the local gardeners had derived from his presence
among them, a fact recorded by many who had sent
letters accompanying their subscriptions. His cour-
teous and unassuming manner had won him many
friends, and they hoped and trusted that his health
would keep improving, and that at no distant date
they would hear that he had achieved still further
honours for the firm he was about to enter. Mr.
Cole suitably responded, and expressed himself as
being endeared to Exeter by the kindness he had met
with from every one, and still more so by the lasting
remembrance then placed in his hands.
— — Autumn Tints. — At the time we are
writing, October 25, there is no more beautiful tree in
Kew Gardens than a small Ash, in the Ash walk,
which is in the pleasure grounds, and skirts the
Botanic Garden from Syon Vista northwards, in the
direction of Kew Palace. It is a grafted tree, and
was received. Sir Joseph Hooker believes, as
Fraxinus floribunda, a native of North India and
Afghanistan. We are unable to determine whether
it is that species, or merely a variety of F. Ornus ;
the nearest forms of the two species are so much alike
in foliage that it is difficult from leaves alone to say
to which they belong. The tree in question is most
likely true F. floribunda, as it has the larger leaves of
that species, with distinctly stalked leaflets, though
they do not taper into quite such long narrow tips as
those of all the dried specimens we have seen. The
autumn tint of these leaves is a bright transparent
yellow, with here and there irregular patches of
purple-red, like splashes of blood ; and they are
certainly among the more effective of the yellow-hued
leaves this autumn. Altogether, we are enjoying a
great treat just now, for the leaves are changing very
gradually, and even the tenderer kinds still hold their
foliage, so that there is great variety and beauty in
woodland scenery. Let us enjoy it while we can, for
any morning we may wake and find that the frost has
destroyed these beautiful pictures — such pictures as no
artist can paint,
Waite's New Early Cabbage. — This is a
new variety of the present season, said to be distinct
also, and so early that it comes into use fully ten
days before any other variety. The habit of the
plant is dwarf and compact, the heart of medium
size, very firm, and with few loose leaves ; the colour
a distinct pale green, and excellent in flavour when
cooked. It is equally adapted for spring or autumn
sowing, and is the beau ideal of a Cabbage for a
gentleman's table. The pedigree of this new variety
is not given, but it looks In character like a selec-
tion from the Improved Nonpareil.
Plant Diseases.— We are glad to see that
the Institute of Agriculture has secured the services of
Mr. V/. G. Smith, to address the members on certain
diseases of plants as mentioned in the subjoined list.
The lectures will be delivered in the new Natural
History Museum, South Kensington, during the week
November 12 to 17, and will be illustrated by large
sized diagrams, showing the objects enlarged to 1000
and 5000 diameters. The tickets for the course to be
obtained at the Institute of Agriculture, for loj. dd. : —
1. Clover Sickness, Clover Mildew, Peronospora tri-
foHomm, D.Bv.
2. New Disease of Potatos, Peziza postuma, Berk, and
Wils. ; Fusisporium solani, Mart.
3. New Disease of Onions, Puccinia mixta ; Perono-
spora Schleideniana, Ung. ; Mucor subtilissimus,
Berk.
4. New Disease of Grass, Isaria fuciformis, Berk. :
Grass Blight.
5. Diseases of Turnips, Gidium Balsamii, Mont. ;
Peronospora parasitica, Pers ; Finger and Toe,
Plasmodiophora brassicce. WOR.
6. Ear-Cockle, Tylenclius Iritici, Bast. ; Dodder,
Cuscuta trilolii, Bab.
7. Grass Blight or Mildew, Erysiphe graminis, DC. ;
Corn Mildew, Puccinia graminis, PERS., ^Ecidium
berberides, Pers.
8. New Diseases of Wheat, Barley, and Rye-grass,
Fusisporium, sp.
9 and 10. Potato Disease, Peronospora infestans,
Mont. — its active state, and its passive state.
.— ^ Exhibition Prospects. — In his address at
the closure of the Fisheries Exhibition H.R.H. the
Prince of Wales made the following remarks, which
may be taken to foreshadow coming events. Sup-
posing the programme thus sketched forth to be
carried out, there will be ample scope for horticul-
turists and agriculturists as food producers, for
foresters as home-builders, hearth-warmers, and
machinery drivers where coal does not exist, in 18S4 ;
for horticultural implement makers in 1SS5 ; while in
1S86 there will be an opportunity for our fraternity to
see what our colonies can do, and of showing what
we can do in turn with the products they send us : —
" The evidence ot the public interest in such exhibi-
tions, afforded by the vast concourse of visitors from all
parts of the realm to that which is now closed, has led me
to hope that the buildings which have been erected at so
much cost, and which have so admirably served their
purpose, shall continue, for the next three years, to be
employed for exhibitions of a similar comprehensive
character. In considering what shall be the subject-
matter of these exhibitions, three topics of paramount
interest to our community have presented themselves to
my mind. These are health, both bodily and mental ;
November 3, 1SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
567
industrial inventions ; and the rapidly growing resources
of our colonies, and of our Indian linipire. 1 have
expressed a desire tliat the exliibition of 1884 shall
embrace the conditions of liealth, in so far as, like food,
clothes, and dwellings, they fall under the head of
hygiene ; or, like appliances for general and technical
teaching, gymnasia, and schools, under that of
education. The question of the Patent Laws
has for many years engaged the attention of all
those interested in the progress ol invention and the
just reward of the inventor. I am advised tliat the
Patent Act of last Session will afford a satisfactory solu-
tion of the difticulties which beset this subject, and will
be especially useful to the poor inventor by enabling him
to obtain protection for his invention at a considerably
reduced rate, and in a manner which will be more advan-
tageous to him. Under these circumstances it has
appeared to me that much good may result from an
exhibition in the year 18S5, showing the progress ol
invention, especially in labour-saving m.achinery, since
1862 — that is to say, since the Last great International
Exhibition held in this country. At the close of the
Paris Exhibition of 1878 I had the satisfaction of receiving
from the Colonial Commissioners an address, in which
great stress was laid on the desirability of establishing a
permanent Colonial Museum in London, as a powerful
means ol diffusing throughout the Mother Country a
better knowledge of the nature and importance of the
several dependencies of the empire, of facilitating com-
mercial relations, marking progress, and aiding the
researches of men of science, and also of affording
valuable information to intending emigrants."
Begonia picta. — A number of specimens of
this pretty and neat-habited species doited about in
the stove at Kew are very elifective and distinct in
their way. It is a tuberous-rooted species, from
Nepal, originally introduced many years ago, but the
plants under notice were a batch raised from seeds
sent from Calcutta (by some mischance possibly)
under the name of Ophelia chirita. The bronzy
markings on the foliage vary considerably, and in
some instances the leaves are of a uniform pale green
colour. The flowers are comparatively large, of a
beautiful rosy-pink, and borne in branching cymes
that stand well above the foliage. The stems do not
exceed a height of 6 inches, and the whole plant is so
manageable as to size and ease of cultivation that it
might be used as a plant to hybridise with the
large-growing tuberous-rooted sorts now so popu-
lar. The species is figured in the Botanical Maga-
zine, t. 2962, and is also known as B. hirta, of
Wallich.
New Onion. — Still another new Onion of
the White Spanish type -named. The Warminster,
and, as is usually the case, to be sent out in packets
at a high price. When and where it originated is
not stated ; but " Originally selected from the White
Spanish, it possesses, in a marked degree, all the
merits of that well-known kind, in addition to which
there have been developed, by continuous and judi-
cious selection, increased size and weight, eatliness,
purity of colour, symmetry of form, mildness of
flavour, and good keeping qualities." At last a
perfect Onion 1 Nuneham Park, Banbury Im-
proved, Walker's Exhibition, Rousham Park, and
a few others all pressed into one. Cheap at any
price !
COCHLIOSTEMA JACOBIANUM. — Few plants
of the order have a bolder or more massive appear-
ance than this fine Spider-wort. Out of bloom it
might easily be mistaken for a Bilbergia, or some
other member of that family ; for although closely
allied to the Tradescantia{with many of which we are
familiar)it bearsno general resemblance to any, except,
perhaps, to T. Warscewicziana in its crespitose or
tufted habit, but differing greatly in foliage, however.
The panicled inflorescence is axillary, showing itself
from amongst the lower leaves, and is of a delicate
rosy colour while still in bud — the large bracts in
themselves constituting the plant no mean ornament.
When fully expanded the petals are blue and shaggy,
with hairs of the same colour ; and the flower is sup-
plemented with curious yellow appendages in the
centre, of unknown value or utility in the economy of
the plant. Owing to its peculiar habit it is difficult of
increase, but may be propagated by seeds, which it
will ripen if the flowers are artificially fertilised. It
flowers with great regularity at Kew, and is now
in fine order in the Victoria-house. A large illus-
tration of it will be fotjnd in our volume for 1868,
p. 265.
Prize Paksnips. — Being at a country show
some time ago, writes a correspondent, we were
much struck wih the great length of some Pars-
nips—clean, symmetrical, and perfect in appearence.
They measured nearly 4 feet in length, and they
were as straight as a needle. Surely the ground
must have been well trenched, and very light too,
was the observation made. Doubtless it was, but
we were informed, in the strictest confidence, that
when the seeds were sown a crowbar was first of
all thrust deeply into the soil, that this hole was
filled up with a mixture ol leaf-mould and sifted
decomposed manure ; that three seeds were sown
over it, the two weakest pulled out and one allowed
to remain, and that the sole remaining plant rooted
down into this subterranean chamber. It is in this
way long exhibition Parsnips are secured. We should
not like our informant to think that his confidence
was misplaced, and therefore we add that the prac-
tice described is not new by any means, but for all
that is not known by everybody.
The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Oct. 29, issued by the Meteorological
Olfice, London : — The weather has been generally
dull or cloudy in all parts of the kingdom, though in
most districts the amount of rainfall has been incon-
siderable. During the last few days a good deal of
fog or mist was experienced. The temperature has
been above the mean in all districts, the excess vary-
ing from 1° in "Scotland, E.," to 4° in " England,
S.," and to 5° over " E." and central England. The
maxima, which were registered at the majority of our
stations on the 27th, ranged from 59° over the northern
parts of England and Ireland to 64° in " England,
E.," and the " Midland Counties." The minima were
generally recorded on the 23d, when the thermometer
fell to 31° in "Scotland, E.," to 33° in "England,
N.E.," and to between 35° and 37° elsewhere. The
rainfall has been about equal to the mean in " Scot-
land, W.," and " Ireland, N.," but in all other dis-
tricts a decided deficit is reported, Bright sunshine
has been much less prevalent than during last week in
nearly all places, the percentages of possible duration
varying from 40 in "Scotland, E.," and 34 in
"Scotland, W.," to 15, 16, and 17 over central,
south, and south-western England. Depressions ob-
served : — During the first part of this period the
barometer was highest and comparatively uniform
over France, while disturbances passed in an easterly
direction over our islands and Scandinavia. Of these
the deepest and most important was that which
travelled very quickly to the neighbourhood of the
Shetlands during the night of the 24th, causing the
wind, which had previously been generally moderate
or fresh from the westward, to blow strongly on all
our coasts, and in the north of Scotland to increase to
a violent gale from the north-westward. During the
latter pait of the week a large anticyclone was gradu-
ally formed over Denmark and the south of Scandi-
navia, and pressure in our islands became very uni-
form, with light winds, at first between south and
west, but finally more variable,
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. R.
Forster, of the Horticultural Department of the
Zoological Society's Gardens, Regent's Park, as
Gardener to Mrs. Hargreaves, Arbor-field Hall,
Reading. — Mr. J. Slater, lately Foreman at
Lord Foley's, Ruxley Lodge, Surrey, as Gardener
to Mrs. Hulse, Ewell House, Surrey. — Mr. Geo.
Yoell, lately Gardener to Mrs. Standring, Crystal
Palace Park, S.E., as Gardener to J. Lainson Nash,
Esq., Colley Lodge, Reigate. — Mr. David Kay,
lately Gardener at Westwood, West Calder, as Gar-
dener to John Bald, Esq., Monzie Castle, Crieff,
Perthshire. — Mr. John Laidlaw, Gardener at Na-
velle, Liberton, as Gardener to R. P. Copeland,
Esq., Kibblestone Hall, Stone, Staffordshire. — Mr.
Andrew McLeod, lately Gardener at Coalstoun,
Haddington, as Gardener to Col. Robertson, Cal-
lander Lodge, Callander. — Mr, J. Clare, lately
Gardener at Brynkinalt, Chirk, as Gardener to J. F.
Le Trove Bateman, Esq., Moor Park, Farn-
ham, Surrey.— Mr Frederick Burgess, Foreman,
Idsworth Gardens, Horndean, Hants, as Gardener to
W. Pink, Esq., Shrover Hall, Horndean, Hants. —
Mr. Charles W. Farquhar, from Mason's
Nursery, Chelsea, as Gardener to T. Woodward,
Esq., Feltham Lodge, Feltham.
FRUIT NOTES.
HUMUOI.DT AND OTHER NECTARINES. — I Can
fully indt)rse all that is said in favour of the Hum-
boldt Nectarine at p. 495, and would advise those who
desire a late supply of first-ckass fruit to plant this
variety, which is one of the very best either indoors or
out, as it is not only very superior in flavour, but is
also a hardy free bearing kind, and remarkably hand-
some and rich looking when ripe. We have just been
lifting a young full-sized tree for the back wall of our
Peach-house, where we have also Pine-apple and
Pitmaston Orange, both excellent sorts, resembling
the above named, as does likewise Rivers' Orange,
which three seedlings no doubt originated from the
old Pitmaston, so long a favourite with many.
Darwin I have not yet tried, but hope to plant one
this autumn, as all these yellow-fleshed sorts are valu-
able for coming in after the others are done. As an
early kind Lord Napier is the best, and is one that
forces well, for it sets freely under heat and confine-
ment, and so do the others above-named ; although it
has been said that the large flowered varieties are shy
croppers, but if they set fewer fruits than the small
blossomed kinds it is because they have longer
jointed stouter wood, with buds less crowded and
bigger. This is very apparent in the Noblesse Peach,
the buds of which are mostly single, whereas in the
small flowered sorts like Royal George and the Elruge
Nectarine, they are generally in twos or threes, and
therefore it follows that these set a greater number of
fruit. Now I am on the subject of Nectarines I
should just like to say a word or two in favour of
early planting, which, if possible, should be done in
October, belore the leaves fall, that is, provided the
trees have not to be got from a distance, but only
moved from walls into houses or to supply gaps, as
by transplanting now they form fresh roots at once
and continue plumping up their buds, which open
just as strong in the spring, and set as freely, as if the
trees had not been disturbed. If the weather and air
are dry at the time, the tops of the trees should be
syringed two or three times daily, so as to keep the
bark plump and the foliage fresh till it will stand
without flagging. J. S/ufpard,
Pear Olivier de Serres, Bulletin d'Arhriciil'
litre, August. — A seedling from Bergamotte Fortunee.
Fruit of moderate size, globular, shortly stalked ; eye
sunken, large ; skin brown, rugose, tinted with yellow
or reddish-brown on the sunny side. Flesh white,
perfumed, juicy, of good flavour.
Pear, Muirfowl's Egg.— I have one tree of this
variety growing on an east wall. It is of medium
growth, hardy, and a constant bearer. It does not
canker as many varieties do on our soil, but produces
clean and good-sized fruits. We have had it in use
lor three weeks, and shall have some for another
week to come. Its flavour is tolerably good, though
not of the best ; at any rate, I class it as a desirable
Pear to grow in a collection, being a sure cropper.
Our soil, I may add, is a light sandy loam on red
sandstone rock. D. C. Powell, Pr>mierham Castle,
Devon,
Apples on the Paradise Stogk. — These are in-
valuable for gardens and confined spaces, carrying as
they do good crops of fruit when larger trees are with-
out. Grown as dwarf pyramids and bushes they
escape frosts and cutting winds in a most remarkable
way. The general Apple crop here for three seasons
was almost a total failure, but we had very fair crops
of excellent fruit on trees on the Paradise stock, and
this season the crop has been a wonderful one and the
fruit very large and of grand quality. The collection
of 100 varieties of Apples which we exhibited at the
Apple Congress at Chiswick, just closed, were all
gathered from pyramids or bushes on Paradise stock
growing in our nurseries here, and a better proof of
the value of this mode of culture could not be given.
Such sorts as Lord Sulheld, Lord Grosvenor, Wel-
lington, Maltster, Blenheim Orange, Annie Elizabeth,
Pott's Seedling, Winter Hawthornden, Kerry Pippin,
Cox's Orange Pippin, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Lodding-
ton Seedling, &c., have been very fine. Indeed,
most varieties seem to do well upon this stock, many
bushes not more than 2 feet high having two to four
dozen of very large fine fruit upon them. F. <5r> A,
Dickson &= Sons, The Upton Nurseries, Chester.
568
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF AGRI-
CULTURE.
The second annual report of the proceedings of the
Sussex Association, and the seventh annual report of
the proceedings of the Aberdeenshire Agricultural
Association, prepared by Mr. Thomas Jamieson,
F.I.C., chemist to these Associations, have been
issued, from which we abstract the following infor-
mation, which may interest our readers, the principles
of plant-feeding being the same, whether practised by
gardeners or by farmers : —
Sussex Association. — From these experiments
we gather that it is possible, even on the poorest and
foulest of fields, to obtain a profitable cultivation, and
that if a reverse result is obtained it must be put
down, not to the fault of the particular soil, but to the
treatment it got.
The importance of nitrogen in some form to the
successful cultivation of our crops has long been
acknowledged by agricultural chemists, and Mr.
Jamieson points out that in the case of Wheat,
Barley, and Oats, the withholding of "nitrogen
alone " was similar in effect to that produced when
everything was withheld. Without nitrogen nothing
could be done by the other manurial ingredients, and
that the most economical form in which nitrogen can
be supplied to crops is by nitrate of sodium.
The same feature, viz., the check to growth by
withholding nitrogen, was also shown by the root
experiments, but not nearly to so great extent, com-
plete failure in the roots being shown only when
phosphates were withheld.
Functions Performed in Plants by Phos-
phorus.—From an analytical examination of Oat
grain and Turnip seed it was found that Oat seeds
contain 0.26 per cent, of phosphorus, and Turnip seeds
o 833 per cent, of this element. But 5 grammes
(the weight used in the analyses) of Turnip seed were
found to represent 2415 seeds, while 5 grammes of the
much larger Oat grains represent only 160 seeds.
Taking this into account, it follows that 100,000 Oat
seeds contain 8.127 grammes of phosphorus, while
100,000 Turnip seeds contain only 1.724 grammes of
phosphorus, that is to say, a Turnip seed contains
only one-fifth of the phosphorus contained in an Oat
seed. Therefore, whatever work phosphorus per-
forms at the germinatmg stage, there is five times as
much in the Oat to do the work as there is in the
Turnip seed. While submitting this statement,
Mr. Jamieson does not venture to say that it is an ex-
planation of the fact, that an Oat crop is so much less
influenced by the application of phosphatic manures
than is the Turnip crop.
Fixed Rotations and Fallows. — Farmers are
frequently bound by covenants for the cultivation of
their land under a certain rotation, little consideration
having been given by those who drew up the agree-
ments that the same course of cropping is not suited
to every class of soil, even within the narrow compass
of the same farm. Again, in most covenants there is
a stipulation to the effect, that so many acres are to
be left each year in fallow, under the notion that the
land requires " rest," in order, it is said, to give
Nature time to make a store of plant food. But we
would remind cultivators of the soil, that exhaustion
takes place in bare uncovered soils sooner than in
such as are overgrown with plants. On this point
Mr. Jamieson remarks that perpetual cropping is
rational farming, and if intelligently done must
benefit all concerned. Towards this system advancing
agriculture must tend, and by this system the most
profitable cultivation— the agriculture of the future —
will be characterised. It is stated that farmers lean
to the " resting " system, partly because it is easy, and
partly because the crops that follow three years in
grass are both good and healthy. But it is not
sufficiently understood that these crops are got at a
sacrifice of some ;^20 per acre over the two years, less
about one-fourth— say £1^ — which may be debited to
each acre of land as manure given by grazing animals.
The decreased produce and the grazing manure are
sufficient to account for the good after-crops. But if
the sum of £^, which is given as grazing manure,
were spent in suitable artificial manure over the three
years, and an equivalent sum spent in labour during
the second and third years, there is no reason to doubt
that the sacrifice would be avoided, thus leaving ^10
of additional profit ; and if carried out judiciously
the system would not entail hurt, either to quantity or
quality of the succeeding crops.
Experiments on Roots. — The greatest increase
of crop was got by artificial manure alone, and at a
much less cost per acre than by farmyard manure
alone, or by farmyard manure with a small quantity
of artificial manure in addition. The following results
show that it is injudicious to apply farmyard manure
alone, however heavy a dose. That the addition of
50.f. to 60J. of artificial manure to a moderate dose of
yard manure gives a much heavier and more profitable
crop per acre. Also, that roots can be grown success-
fully and profitably by means of artificial manures
alone : —
Table SJuywin^ Manure and Produce of Turnips
per Acre.
Average
Produce.
Cost of
Artificial
Manure.
Farmyard manure alone, 12% ton? . .
Farmyard manure alone, 25 tons
Farmyard manure, Z2% tons, and sul-
phate manure ..
Farmyard manure, 125^ tons, and
guano
Nitrogen as sulphate ammonia . .
Nitrate as nitrate sodium
Nitrate as dried blood
Nitrate as horn-dust
Cwt.
259
3^7
327
309
339
33 1
317
334
£ s. d.
2 13 6
292
5 6 3
4 13 3
3 12 3
4 3 9
The superintendent of these investigations seems to
think that the results may ultimately have an im-
portant bearing upon the economy of manuring. That
they imply a reduction of the essentials of plant life,
showing that the mineral ingredients deemed essential
to plants may be a much simpler group than the seven-
sided one at present accepted ; that the whole subject
of manures may be simplified ; and that much useless
expenditure in manures may be spared. ..x^
Aberdeenshire Experiments. — These experi-
ments are stated to have produced evidence that : —
1. The Turnip plant can no more grow without
phosphorus than without water or air.
2. It must have the phosphorus applied in an un-
hurtful form (that is to say, it must be neutralised by
oxygen and lime, or a substance similar to lime ; this
triple compound is termed a phosphate).
3. A full crop of Turnips (say 30 tons) contains
only about 30 lb. of phosphorus.
4. Bone is an effective manure, mainly on account
of the phosphorus it contains.
5. The more thorough the pulverisation by grind-
ing (or " finer the division ") of bone, the earlier the
action on the growing plant.
But the work by which this Association is more
particularly known and individualised is that abundant
evidence is now at hand to prove the following state-
ments ; —
6. Undissolved phosphate in finely ground copro-
lite acts almost identically with phosphate in crushed
bone — that is to say, the action is slow, but lasting,
and the crop produced is healthy.
7. Dissolved phosphate acts more quickly than
undissolved phosphate, and gives usually a rather
heavier crop, but a less healthy one.
8. Too quick action, resulting in rapid early growth,
tends to produce ultimate disease in the plant.
9. Steamed bone- flour possesses nearly the same
rapid action as the dissolved manures, combined with
the healthy and lasting action of the undissolved
manures, and produces heavier crops than either.
Seven years ago steamed bone was unknown to
farmers as a manure. By boiling or steaming bone
its glue is extracted, and grinding then brings it down,
not to a coarse sawdust-like state, but to a state of
division like Wheat-flour ; it is recommended on
account of its cheapness, as each pound of phosphorus
in steamed bone-flour can be purchased for about (>d.
It is further stated to possess the advantage of keep-
ing the Turnip free from the " fingerand-toe "
disease.
Nitrogen on Root Crops. — " Plants can no
more grow without nitrogen than without water or
without air."
"A full crop of Turnips (say 30 tons) contains
about TOO lb. of nitrogen."
"Ten to 15 lb. of nitrogen per acre appears to be
a sufficient quantity to apply for Turnips grown in
granitic (siliceous or clay) soils generally."
(This applies probably to most soils that are not
exposed to prolonged hot seasons, and that are
ultivated in a similar manner to those in Aberdeen-
shire, i.e., receiving during a short rotation, a fair
dressing (12 tons) of farmyard manure per acre, and
grazed one or two years ; 10 to 15 lb. nitrogen would
be supplied by about f cwt. of nitrate of soda, and in
many cases much less would do.)
"Larger applications ol nitrogen than 15 lb. per
acre retard ripening, and produce large watery bulbs,
without much, or any, increase in solid, nourishing
matter."
" To such an extent may this happen that 20 tons
of watery Turnips may not contain more nourishing
matter than 12 tons of imported Turnips."
Nitrogen on Grain Crops " Nitrogen in-
fluences grain crops more than phosphorus. The
reverse is the case with root crops."
"A full crop of Oats (say 8 qr.), contains about
80 lb. of nitrogen."
" It is probably unsafe to have less than 160 lb. of
nitrogen at the command of the grain crop."
"The soil farmed as indicated above, and aided
by the nitrogen in rain, may be depended upon to
provide, in suitable form, by far the larger proportion
of the nitrogen required."
" The manurial application may, as a rule, be
limited to 25 lb. of nitrogen.
(This would be provided by about 14 cwt. of nitrate
of soda, or \\ cwt. sulphate of ammonia, or by
2 cwt. of Peruvian guano.)
PLANT PORTRAITS.
Allium MacLeanii, Baker, in BoU Mag,^
t. 6707. — A new species from Cabul, with broad
flat leaves, and many flowered umbels of lilac
flowers.
Aloe Pratensis, Baker, Bot. Mag,, t. 6705.—
A new species of stemless Aloe with spiny leaves,
the spines marginal and proceeding from a thickened
base. Flowers numerous, reddish, in dense erect
spikes a foot or more in length. From Mr. Justus
Corderoy,
Begonia Thomas Moore, Florist^ July. — A
variety raised at Chiswick, with comparatively small
circular flowers of a brilliant scarlet colour,
Calanthe Regnieri, Garden,]\i\y 21. — A newly
introduced plant. Native of Cochin China. The
segments are ivory-white, with a three-lobed rosy-pink
lip. Messrs. Veitch.
Camellia Eugene Massina, Florist, August. —
Flower large, full, imbricated, soft rose, W, Paul.
CVPRIPEDIUM BARBATUM VAR., Bclgiqut HorH-
cole, t. 7 (1SS3).
DENDRObluM Leechianum, Garden, July 7.
DtNDROBiUM revolutum, Lindl. ; Hook, f., in
Bot. Mag., t. 6706. — A peculiar species of purely
botanical interest.
DiPLADENiA PROFUSA, Hort., Ilhistr. Horticole^
t. 491. — A variety of D. splendens, with large funnel-
shaped, rosy-crimson flowers.
ECHINOSPERMUM MARGINATUM VAR. ^ MACRAN-
THUM, Lehmann ; Regel, in Gartenflora, t. 1119
{18S3). — A Russian species of Borage-wort, with erect
stems, lanceolate, rough leaves, and many-flowered
racemes of pale blue Forget-me-Not-like flowers.
Gerrardanthus tomentosus, Hook, f., Bot,
Mag.j t. 6694. — A Melon-like plant, with enormous
tuberous roots, and palmilobed rough leaves. The
flowers are on short stalks in the axils of the leaves ;
the male flowers have five sepals and five oblong
petals, with recurved margins, and five stamens, the
anthers prolonged at the top into a long tail-like
process. The female flowers are similar, with a
three-celled ovary, the numerous ovules descending
from the top of each cavity. The fruit is capsular.
Native of Natal
GuzMANNiA Devansaya, E. Morr., Belgique
Horticole, tt. 8-9 (1SS3). — A remarkable Bromeliad,
strongly resembling Bonapartea strobilaniha, an
Ecuadorian species with tufted leaves, each dilated
at the base, purple striped, and wiih a central spike,
consisting of numerous flowers tightly packed within
broad acuminate scarlet bracts.
Gypsophila cerastioides, Don. ; Hook, f., in
Bot. Mag., t. 6699. — A dwarf pubescent herb, with
small obovate subsessile leaves and terminal clusters
of small pinkish flowers. Caryophyllacese. Native
of Sikkim. Hort. Kew,
Iris stylosa, Garden, July 28.
November 3, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
569
JiojVlf: -pORREgPOJMDEJsiCE.
Tuberous Begonias. — I send you a box of
tuberous Begonia blooms, to furiher illustrate their
value as autumn bloomers. We have now a grand
display of flowers, which will continue in fine condi-
tion (or some weeks yet. Most of them are my own
seedlings, sown early last March, and grown in small
pots. Theybeganbloomingearlyio June, and havecon-
tinued up to the present time. I have to-day cut
down some for want of room, and the box contains
those I have cut down. I should like your opinion
about them as to quality, &c. Robert Owen^ The
Gardens, Vezi'ife/i, Henley-on-Thames. [A very pretty
lot of flowers, showing us not only how useful they
are for autumn decoraion, but what good things can
be obtained from a packet of seeds, Ed.)
Amongst oiher varieties that we have now in
bloom is Empress of India, which is very striking,
and more or less distinct from the rest. It com-
menced flowering in May, and is still in bloom. The
foliage is handsome in itself ; its green, velvety leaves,
mottled with bronze and veined with greenish-
yellow, look as fresh and as healthy as when they
first appeared in spring, and its beautiful yellow
blooms, rising and spreading over its leaves, make it
a very conspicuous object. Too much cannot be said
in favour of this variety for its beauty and durability.
I do not think it would be at all a difficult matter to
have some plants in bloom all the year round. G,
Harris^ ArU Court Garden^ Gloucester Road^ Chel-
Unhanu
Ampelopsis Veitchii. — This has become a very
popular creeper for covering the walls of white houses,
or those built of limestone, on both of which the con-
trast in colour produces a most lovely eftect. In the
neighbourhood of Exeter it may frequently be seen on
the walls of the whitewashed cottages, and it is not
unusual to see it in possession of the thatched roof, at
this season of the year presenting a novel and charm-
ing picture for an artist. Perhaps one of the grandest
displays it is possible to find, is to be seen on the
walls of the residence of John Drew, Esq., Park
Villa, Kenton. The building is of limestone, with
gabled roof ; the whole of the walls are entirely
covered, and at the present time are a perfect glow of
colour. When travelling by the South Devon
Railway from Exeter, and near to Starcross, I have
often heard travellers exclaim, " How lovely ! " and
*' What plant can it be to produce an effect so really
beautiful, as seen through the trees about one mile
distant as the traveller speeds along?" Being perfectly
hardy, and possessed of self training and supporting
qualities like the Ivy, it gives so little trouble. Even
before the autumn lints are put on, the foliage is very
handsome, and very useful when dishing up the
dessert. By-ihe-bye, have any ot your readers found
it adhering to walls that are kept painted with oil and
lead paints ? I know one case where several plants
refuse to attach themselves. D. C. PowelL
Camellias of Irregular Form. — The taste for
flowers, ihat please the more they depart from
regularity in form, seems to be a growing one, if
we may judge from the interest manifested in autumn-
flowering Asters, single Dahlias, Marguerites, tasselled
Chrys-anthemums, and the single- flowered annual
Chrysanthemums like maximum, segetum and carina-
turn. For winter use in the conservatory, or
for house adornment I would recommend the fol-
lowing sorts of Camellias, as combining many of
the admired points of the irregular flowers : — C.
Chandleri and C. Chandleri tricolor, rose, and white
and rose mottled, and most profuse bloomers ; also
C. pseoniflora, a very large loosely formed red
flower, and an almost certain bloomer ; C. p.-eoniflora
rosea, which is similar to the above, excepting in the
colour, which is a pleasing deep pink. The semi-
double and single kinds in red and white, v/ith gene-
rally a very prominent bunch of golden stamens in
the middle, are very showy and floriferous, as is also
C. Wahratta — a very large crimson kind of peculiar
form. M,
Lapagerias. — I have read with much interest the
remarks of Mr. Cromwell, and fully endorse all that
he says in favour of these beautiful greenhouse
climbers. I have at present under my charge a young
plant of L. alba, which we planted out in March, 1881,
and which has made two unusually fine growths during
the last twelve months. They sprang up. Asparagus-
like, last October, from the base of the plant, and have
each up to the present time attained a length of
36 feet ; but my experience differs from Mr. Cromwell
inihis respect, for therearenow on one of these growths,
on a length of 44 feet, forty-six flowers, twenty-two of
which are fully expanded, the others swelling up. I
may add that it is planted in a prepared compost of
two-thirds fibry peat, the remainder being turfy loam
broken up roughly, coarse sand and charcoal. During
the growing season we have used weak liquid manure
once a week, with copious syringings overhead twice
a day. There is also on the same plant another
growth, which had grown to a length of 10 feet, when
the point accidentally got broken off, and it will be
interesting to note whether, as Mr. Cromwell suggests,
it will induce them to flower in clusters. I hope to
report the result to you at some future time. G. Ilall^
Tabley House Gardens^ Kntitsford,
Chrysanthemum Lady Selborne. — Among
the new varieties of Chrysanthemum this is a decided
acquisition. It is a sport from James Salter, which
it resembles in shape and arrangement of petals, but
pure while. Being an early-flowering variety, like
its well-known parent, it will be found most useful to
cultivate. For the decoration of ball-rooms during
the month of October, intermixed with Maidenhair
and other Ferns, it cannot fail to produce a charming
effect. In culture it will be found necessary to thin
the buds to one on each shoot, that sufficient room
may be given for each flower to develope. D, C,
Poweilj Poivderham.
Influence of Stock upon Scion. — We send you
a sample of Pears which we believe to be the produce
of a Beurre Diel graft upon the stock of a Jargonelle,
and which strikingly illustrates the influence of stock
upon scion. The fruits we send have been gathered
from the original standard, which was grafted by
our deceased principal, the late Mr. James Backhouse,
some sixteen or eighteen years ago. The tree in its
Fig. 102, — GRAFT inLlRID PEAR.
habit of growth has much of the upright shoot of the
Jargonelle, whilst the foliage has more the appearance
of Beurre Diel. The fruits are large, more of the
form of the latter ; but in some instances having the
elongated form towards the stalk of the Jargonelle,
whilst the flavour is much more that of the Jargonelle
with a melting flesh that we do not get with Beurre
Diel from standard trees in these parts. We have
been using the fruits for a fortnight (most of the best
already used), so that the season of ripening may also
be said to be midway between the two kinds. The
tree never fails to bear — generally very abundantly —
thus showing its suitability as a standard for this
northern climate. We propose to call it Back-
house's Beurre. T". Backhouse <^ Son^ York,
Camellia Popf is an exceedingly handsome cream-
coloured flower, of exquisite colouring that is quite
unique. The variety is still an uncommon one in
collections, although it has been in commerce for
many years. The form is perfect, and it is an ad-
mirable flower for personal adornment. The plant
has large foliage, and is a robust grower and free
flowerer. M.
The Finest and Latest Gladioli, — We are
now, in November, with unusually mild weather here
for the season, the average temperature for the past
week, night and day, being about 53^ This has
enabled late Dahlias, double and single, but especially
late Gladioli, to open their blooms to perfection.
Never have I seen richer tints of colour, or finer
spikes, in Appianus and La France, for instance,
among whiles, and Lady Newport, Hercules,
and Rossini, shading from rose to deep red :
they last twice as long in autumn with little sun.
Upon the review of the season I give the palm to
James Mcintosh for size and rich contrast of colours,
while at present, and last season, with its immense
recurved spike of glorious blooms twenty-four in num-
ber, Duchess of Edinburgh stand-^ unapproached.
What do other growers say? iV. J, Murphy ^
C Ion me I.
The Chou de Gilbert. — You mention in con-
nection with Chou de Gilbert, that it is remarkable
I should so soon have got what I wanted, and I must
say that it is indeed remarkable, but none the less it is
a fact. Two years ago last January I potted-up one
stem of Brussels Sprouts and one plant of Chou de
Burghley, both of which were taken into a cold Cherry-
house, and when they came into bloom I crossed
them, making Chou de Burghley the seed-bearing
parent. Only six flowers were operated upon, and,
strange to say, the six pods where nearly twice as
large as those not operated upon. In due time the
seeds ripened, and I sowed them under glass last
March, raising sixty plants, which are now growing
entirely by themselves, and from which I picked those
sent to you last week. I must here say that they are
not all alike, they will of course want selecting and
growing for some time before I get them fixed. I
shall be happy to send you a stem from these, and it
will give me great pleasure to show them to any one
you can send here to see them. I may add that some
other of my crossed Brassicas, of quite another breed,
can be seen at the same time. Richard Gilbert^
Burghley.
Chou de Burghley. — It is three years since I first
tasted this vegetable, and found it had such a delicate
flavour. I made up my mind to grow it in quantity
as soon as I could procure seed. I obtained a
supply in the following spring, which gave me a fine
batch to cut from September till March, which I con-
sider the worst months in the year to produce mild
flavoured vegetables in the Brassica tribe. My
employer tells me it is one of the best vegetables he
gets on the table when nicely cooked ; and gentlemen
visiting here speak very highly of it, and ask where
they can procure seeds. I have sown it in March lor
autumn cutting, and in May for spring cutting. North
of the Trent*
Birds and Fruit. — Like your correspondent
*' R. C. E. H." (p. 5jS), the tom-tits make sad havoc
among my fruit. We are almost surrounded by
woods, which abound with small birds. I have a
good many Sunflowers, but on looking to-day I
cannot discover that the birds have found out the
seeds. Two years ago, I had a large bed of
Carnation and Pseony-fiowered Poppies, which were
allowed to seed. The tom-lits attacked these
voraciously, and they were the means of beguiling
them from my Apples and Pears, also the
late Peas, I have not grown them this season, but
am sorry I did not, for the largest and best of my
Apples and Pears were destroyed by these little pests.
D. C. FowelL
A Mixed Flower-bed. — One of the prettiest of
old-fashioned combinations came under notice last
August in a country garden, where many choice old
things are still the pets of to-day. The bed was a
round one, that had for its centre some few plants of
that graceful plant, Hyacinthus candicans, specimens
of which were also dotted about sparingly among the
other occupants of the bed. The while bells of this
contrasted charmingly with the scarlet of Lobelia car-
dinalis, and assorted with them were plants of Salvia
patens, the blue colour of which seems never out of
place. The outside lines were Begonia fuchsioides
B. Ingrami, and Poa variegata. A'.
Marechal Niel Rose. — There seems no doubt but
that Madame Berard, one of the most robust growing
of Teas, makes a capital base on which to work the
Marechal. I have had remarkable success with it on
that kind in a house, and from ten buds put in last
summer have, on one plant, grown to the extent of
about 80 or 90 feet, all stout and short-jointed. Three
buds put in close together in one stout branch of
Madame Berard have each given 12 feet of growth, if
not more. All the buds were not inserted at the same
time, but just as I could get young wood here and
there to receive them, and some did not get put in till
August, I fear I greatly shocked budding canons by
putting some buds into old wood, but it mattered
little to me so long as the rind would lift and not one
refused to grow ; still farther, I used the blade of my
penknife only in the process, having no budding-knife,
and yet not the most perfect budder in the world
could have ensured greater success. Finding the buds
on the one tree to take so well I worked a second
Madame Berard in the same way, with similar good
results ; and I feel that next year, were I to sacrifice
all other kinds, I could fill the house with the growth
from these buds. The real stocks are standard Briers,
the roots in our stiff clay soil, and the heads inside
running up the wires as Vines are trained. Some old
570
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883.
stems planted inside twelve years ago having become
cankered at the base, I had them soiled up, and they
seem to have emitted roots from the broken parts, as
they are making new robust growth. The Marechal
on the Dog Brier seems to like our stiff soil very much,
and grows almost too freely ; in fact, it is necessary to
thin severely to keep the plants within bounds. The
roots want plentyof room, feeding, and moisture, and
the heads ample space and a warm covering. A. D
A New Lycoperdon. — Some time since Dr.
Harkness, of San Francisco, a zealous and painstaking
botanist, informed me that he had seen in the hands
of a woodsman on the Sierra Nevada mountains a
remarkable Puff-ball, which he was so much struck
with that he endeavoured to obtain possession of, but
without success, as the woodman refused to part with
it. I have now received a letter from him, saying
that he has this summer rediscovered this Puff-ball,
but that as he has found only two specimens he is
unable to distribute them amongst his friends. He,
however, sends me a portion of the fruit and one of
the sculptured tubercles. The colour of the spores in
the mass is pale ochre, the individual spores are
spherical, smooth, with an excessively short pedicel,
.005 mm. in diameter. The threads are dark brown,
.003 mm. in diameter. The tubercle from the exterior
of the peri^': i is sexagonal, the size of an English
fiorin, having oix triangular incurved segments, which
are impressed with a series of striations from the
circumference to the centre. Dr. Harkness describes
the Lycoperdon as 5 inches in diameter, creamy-
white in colour, and found growing from 5000 to
10,000 feet above the level of the sea. He proposes
to call it Lycoperdon (Arctoperdon) sculptum. Hark.,
M.S., and to publish its descrption in the forthcoming
Reporl of the Academy of Sciences^ San Francisco.
WiUiam Phillips^ Shreimbitry,
Irish Forests. — In the hurry of gardening and
farming, my eye only to-day caught the interesting
article on this subject, p. 540, in your^Iast issue, so I
will only ask your space for a line or two. First, to
thank the writer for the courtesy of his remarks, and
second, to ask your permission to add, in reference to
"afforestation" with seed versus established plants
(transplanted several times as in most nurseries),
though your correspondent is technically right as to
the advantage of a tap-root undisturbed, &c., I must
still maintain, knowing most of Ireland, that the
quantity of land fit to sow seed in, or that could be
made so with reasonable expense, and the number of
landlords, not to say tenants, willing to wait to be
reimbursed " eighty to one hundred years hence,"
is so small as not to need consideration. The latter
method is the best, I think. Three or four years'
nursery stuff can be planted at once where you could
not dream of sowing seed at all. W. J. Murphy,
Cloninel.
A Second Apple Exhibition in March Next.
— The Apple Show at Chiswick may, it is to be
hoped, like the Fisheries Exhibition at South Ken-
sington, prove even a greater financial success than its
promoters anticipated ; and if so, the Royal Horti-
cultural Society might, in the interest of horticulture,
wisely devote a portion, at least, of the proceeds to
the holding a competitive exhibition of this fruit, say,
in the early part of next March, as has been sug-
gested by your correspondent, '*,^ s. (/.," see p. 526,
This would form an admirable sequel to the magni-
ficent display exhibited at Chiswick during the last
month of October. The varieties which might be
exhibited in March next would necessarily be possessed
of the keeping qualities which are so desirable in this
useful fruit, which ought to be divided into at least
two classes or divisions — viz., dessert or table, and
culinary varieties, which might be further divided into
classes, such as Nonpareils and Pearmains ; and as
regards culinary sorts, into Codlins, Beefings, &c.
There can be little doubt that very many compara-
tively worthless varieties of the Apple are cultivated
in this country, and a good many such were sent to
Chiswick in October last ; and such varieties, it must
be borne in mind, occupy space, and require attention
in all respects similar to varieties of greater excellence ;
so that this movement will doubtless result not only in
the rectification, to a great extent, of the nomencla-
ture, and the identification of synonyms, &c., which
is very desirable, as well as the ascertaining of varieties
suited to various soils, localities, and climates, and
the discarding of numerous comparatively worthless
sorts. And this may be readily accomplished by the
practice of regrafting, which, in the course of a very
few years, would greatly enhance the value of such
trees, and secure for the consumer a supply of fruit of
superior quality. P. G.
|h^ imih
f
Mr. John Cattell's Estate. — We are informed,
and mention the fact for the information of Mr. John
Cattell's creditors, that the trustee appointed to
liquidate his affairs, Mr. Robert Gifford, 148,
Grosvenor Road, S.W., has absconded, and there is
little doubt has left the country.
Bees and Blue Flowers. — Permit me to make
a few remarks on this subject, as I have always taken
great interest in hive-bees, and given some attention
to their habits. It is asserted that blue colour in
flowers is owing to the preference of bees for this
colour. Does this mean that flowers have assumed
this colour after finding out that their other attrac-
tions were insuflicient to draw the attention of bees
and butterflies, or that Nature has effected this
alteration in colour knowing that these insects have a
preference for blue? If the change has taken place
in this manner and for this object, it seems to me that
it has not proved altogether a success, and I fear that
in many instances some other allurement must some
day be adopted, as flowers of a less gaudy colour are
still able to hold their own, and apparently have
greater charms for these coveted insects even without
the blue. Take, for instance, a Gooseberry bush or
Palm Willow in bloom, a plant or bed of blue
Forget-Me-Not, or of blue Viola, and it will be found
that those sober-coloured plants are preferred before
the Myosotis or Viola, Ageratum again is a flower
not particularly well frequented by bees, while
Ivy, sometimes seen in bloom at the same time,
does excellent business, its customers being numerous,
noisy, and seemingly happy. I allow that Borage
and many other blue flowers are very much frequented
by bees, but that may not altogether be caused by the
colour. My own observations lead me to the conclu-
sion that bees are attracted by the scent of flowers a
great deal more than by their colour, and am very
doubtful if they can distinguish colours at all. Bees
leave their home in search of three different and
distinct articles of food, namely, water, pollen, and
honey, and I think — although I am not quite sure on
this point — that the bee that goes out for water, will
not collect or bring home either of the other two
articles, but will confine itself to water only, and the
same with those that go out for honey or pollen. I
have repeatedly watched bees on Peach trees in bloom
as well as other flowers, and followed some from
flower to flower, and could distinctly see that the
pollen gatherers never entered into the flower, but
simply 'gathered pollen off the stamens, while the
honey gatherers acted in the same way with the
honey, and had no pollen whatever on their legs like
the former ; neither do I remember ever seeing pollen
on the legs of those collecting water. It is my
firm belief that they are mainly, if not altogether,
attracted to these different articles of food
by their keen perception of scents. If there is wax
being melted or honey run out of the comb in a house
with doors or windows open bees are very soon
attracted by the smell, and they are not backward in
making their way into the house ; it matters not
whether it is painted blue, black, or any other colour,
so long as the smell is there. Bees do not know by
sight members of their own family or even their queen,
which in my opinion goes a long way to prove that
they have but little perception of colour or form. If
a bee is bruised or otherwise annoyed to cause it to
sting one, it emits a peculiar smell, which I have often
noticed, and which soon attracts its friends, if at all
near, to the rescue. All who have studied this sub-
ject know that bees are very much attached to their
queen, and would very soon destroy another put in
her place if they knew it. They are a great deal
worse than the Chinese ever were against strangers
taking up their abode in their colony, or even visiting
them there, let that stranger be queen or worker bee ;
they dislike it so much that they are at all times ready
to sacrifice their lives to keep out intruders, or in their
endeavours to expel them if by any means they have
gained an entrance. Now, with all this prejudice
against strangers, they can be introduced into their
hives without detection by simply destroying the dis-
tinctive scents of those introduced — an operation well
known to apiarians. A maiden princess a few hours
old can be substituted for an aged queen, mother of
hundreds of thousands, or vice versA^ and they cannot
see any difference if deceived in the scent ; more than
that, a Ligurian queen of quite a different colour, even
to the human eye, can be substituted for an English
one by the same process, and the bees cannot detect
the difference if the distinctive scent be destroyed
before introducing her ; but if not her presence would
soon be detected, and would cost her life. Butter-
flies and bumble-bees I find are very partial to single
Dahlias ; may we expect the blue one so long looked
for? H, Henderson,
The Larch : a Practical Treatise on its Culture and
General Management. By C. Y. Michie. London ;
William Blackwood & Sons. 1S82.
The Forests of En^land^ and the Manaoemcnt of
them in By^i^one Times. Compiled by J. C. Brown,
LL.D. Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd. London :
Simpkin, Marshall & Co. 1S83.
Finland: its Forests and Forest Management.
Compiled by J. C. Brown, LL.D. London: Simp-
kin, Marshall & Co. 1S83.
French Forest Ordinance of 1669 ; with Historical
Sketch of Previous Treatment of Forests in France.
Compiled and Translated by J. C. Brown, LL.D.
London : Simpkin, Marshall & Co. 1883.
Elements of Sylviculture : a Short Treatise on the
Scientific Cultivation of the Oak and other Hardwood
Trees. By the late G. Bagneris. Translated from
the French by E. E. Fernandez and A. Smithies,
B.A. London ; William Rider & Son. 1883.
The best of this batch of books beyond all compari-
son, from the forester's point of view, is Mr. Michie's
practical treatise on the Larch. It tells us exactly
what we want to know, and it imports into the narra-
tive nothing irrelevant which ought not to appear in a
complete description of one of the most useful of our
naturalised trees. The story of the introduction of
the Larch — the common white Larch, Larix europtea,
(not the pendulous varieties, the Black Larch, L.
pendula, or the American L. microcarpa), from the
Alps of Europe to those of Scotland ; the success
of the Duke of Athole ; the shipbuilding of the
Tay, in which Larch was the timber used ; the
Athole frigate, of iSiS ; the Duke's coffin ;
the Coccus Laricis ; old McCrosty, the forester,
throwing his shoe at his Grace for ordering him
to cut one of the big Larches ; the claims of the
rival trees of note ; Duke John, the Planter, the
Fourth Duke, and his 15,473 English statute acres of
trees — chiefly Larch — all these are familiar matters of
history, and Mr. Michie tells the story briefly and
well. Thirty years' experience as a forester have
enabled him to treat the practical part of his subject
exhaustively, and within the limits of 2S4 pages the
tree planter will find probably all that is known of
the cultivation of the Larch, from the nursery to the
matured tree, the soils adapted to it, the methods of
planting, and the general management, with the rate
of growth and average crop, diseases, uses of the wood,
and other matters important to the planter — as, for
example, the effect upon the soil of the shedding of
the leaves of this deciduous Conifer, and the value
of the pasturage below. Mr. Michie has given us a
genuine book — a book of facts ; and considering
how completely the Larch is naturalised in this
country, especially among the clear dry highlands of
Scotland, that it is the most valuable of the Conifers,
and that a flood has commenced — leading us to fear a
deluge — of works relating to forestry, it seems surpris-
ing that this should be the first practical treatise on
the Larch. We do not expect to see it surpassed,
and it can hardly be superseded, on account of its
abundant information, but from the point of view of
literature a good deal requires recasting, and the
author should be more careful to acknov/iedge
the sources of his information. The Flements of
Sylviculture, in spite of certain merits, will, we
fear, in its present form, repel readers, in conse-
quence of the number of its uncouth and foreign
terms, and inaccurate definitions. In the chapter on
^'definitions and general ideas," for example, we are
told that '* the words shrub and bush are used to desig-
nate woody plants that do not attain this height
\i.e., 20 feet] and whose stem is branched from the
base itself." Neither the English of this sentence,
nor the definition it conveys, seems to us to be correct.
If shrubs and bushes are necessarily branched from
the ground, how shall we define Gooseberry bushes
and other shrubs whose stems are single ? Passing
over other terms which are not recognised in English
forestry — " high forest " among them — we come to the
word "exploit." " To exploit a forest, or crop," we
read, *' means to fell it in accordance with the prin-
ciples of sylviculture. A forest is exploitable when
it has attained the maximum of utility for its
proprietor. The state of a forest in which this con-
dition has been realised is expressed by the word
exploitability." These pedantic terms are not English
either, and we cannot believe that our foresters, North
November 3, 1SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
571
or South— and we boast of some as skilled and accom-
plished as any in the world — will find it necessary to
adopt them. The late author of the Elanents of
SylvicultHrc stated that he wrote this manual for the
use ol foresters at the French schools ; and no doubt
the broad principles of forestry may be taught even
from a French text-book — but not so effectively, we
submit, as from one of English origin. The book is
by no means without merit. The supplement on the
fixing of the dunes, p. 24S, is excellent, but
so far as the practical part of the book generally is
concerned we greatly prefer our native authorities,
Grigor and others.
Dr. Brown is a voluminous writer, whose works
on forestry, published or in the press, number ten,
including, we are sorry to say, Reboiscmcnt in France^
though why such a title should be given to a book
about replanting, we cannot conceive. Dr. Brown,
however, is a very skilful compiler, and an attractive,
though certainly a discursive writer. His travels as
a botanist and minister of religion have extended
over fifty years, and in whatever hemisphere or
country he rambled, observations on forestry have
always engaged him. In each of the three volumes
under notice he has gathered together a large amount
of information from the best sources, while his own
personal knowledge has given life to the narrative.
The French Forest Ordinance of 1669, is a work for
the student and the antiquarian rather than for the
general reader. Forest Lands of Finland^ on the
contrary, is a book which even those who do not care
for forestry may read with interest if they only skip
the various reports on that subject, and pick out
the pages on the fauna, the flora, and the natural
history of Finland, with those incidents of travel
which Dr. Brown has skilfully introduced.
The Forests of England^ by the same indefatigable
compiler, treats of forests from the earliest times down
to the latest episode in connection with Epping Forest.
It includes an account of forest legislation anterior
and subsequent to Charta foresta^ and under the head
of forestal literature it includes short notices of Evelyn's
Sylva and Gilpin's Forest Scenery, Inverted commas
run through the book, and no fisherman was ever
more skilful with his net than Dr. Brown in sweeping
into one small volume the collections of preceding
authors. It is very much to his credit that on all
occasions, so far as we can see, he is perfectly honest
in acknowledging his borrowings, even when he bor-
rows, as he does largely, from that delightful old
book, English Forests and Forest l^ees, whose anony-
mous and modest author could at this date make no
complaint.
Our attractive contemporary, Forestry^ has very
properly given due space to the romance and history
of our woods and forests, and in its pages Dr.
Brown has found a mine of story and anecdote
which he has freely worked. He has thus ob-
tained capital accounts of Sherwood Forest and
Robin Hood, of Epping Forest and Dick Turpin,
with very readable materials relating to the New
Forest and several others, including the little forest of
dwarf Oaks in Dartmoor, known as Wistman's
Wood. We are happy to observe that our own
columns have also assisted him in preparing what is
essentially a book for general readers — not a technical
work.
rli)0«tom.
The Lombaruy Poplar.— The Garten Zeitiing
for September of the present year contains an article by
Dr. W. O. Focke, on the apparent dying out of the
Lombardy Poplar in Germany, with especial reference
to its origin. It appears, according to our authority,
that this tree seems to be dying out everywhere in
North and Middle Germany, and similar phenomena
are observable in this country. Gardeners who are
asked for their opinion of the cause answer, as a rule,
that it was the severe cold that prevailed in December,
1879. Dr. Focke, however, states that several cir-
cumstances are against the cold being the real cause
of the disease. In the first place the Lombardy
Poplar began to dwindle lone before 1S79 ;
and, secondly, the frost of 1879 in north-west
Germany, where the Poplar has suffered so extra-
ordinarily, was not so sharp as to injure the fruit
trees, whereas in the plain of the Upper Rhine, where
the Poplars still look pretty healthy, innumerable
fruit trees were killed. Furthermore, in Bremen, for
instance, it was not so cold in 1S70 as it was in 1821,
in which year the Poplars cannot hive suffered appre-
ciably, because the handsomest, complete avenues
of them existing after that date, are known to have
been planted during the first and second decades of
the present century.
About twenty years ago the greater part of the
Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica) in Germany
perished in a similar manner, and their death was
attributed to frost. Since then the weeping varieties
of Salix purpurea and S. caprea have been imported
in the place of the old Weeping Willow. The few
examples of the last that Dr. Focke has had an op-
portunity of seeing have not visibly sulTered from the
cold of 1S79 ; and of course, as he adds, it is not
credible ihat the frost would prove one year injurious
only to Poplars, and in another only to Willows,
Professor Landois suggests ihat the debility of the
Poplars is due to in-breeding ; but, as Dr. Focke
observes, it cannot be so, because it is almost
invariably propagated from cuttings and not sexually.
This raises the old question, " Do varieties wear out ?"
L)r. Focke is of opinion that the Lombardy Poplars
may be dying from old age, and that it is possible
that, with few exceptions, the trees have all been
raised from cuttings since the origin of the first Lom-
bardy Poplar. In fact, he says it is questionable
whether a single tree of this Poplar has since origin-
ated from seed. Female trees of the Lombardy
Poplar are exceedingly rare, and their origin is
unknown. He thinks it possible that these may have
been raised from cuttings from the male, in which
particular branch there had been a change of sexes —
a phenomenon not unknown in the allied genus Salix.
This is probable, for a complete alternation of function
has been observed in various deciduous trees. Another
possibility Dr. Focke suggests, namely, the repeated
spontaneous sporting of the Lombardy Poplar from
ordinary P. nigra. This would account for the
great vigour of some individuals of the former. He
strongly inclines to the view that the Lombardy
Poplar is dying from old age in Germany, and he
formulates a number of questions bearing on the
subject, not alone as affecting the Lombardy Poplar,
but plants generally that are propagated vegetatively.
Karl Koch {Dendrologie, ii. abtheilung c, p. 190)
states (giving Manetti as his authority) that the
Lombardy Poplar was continually raised in quantity
from seed, especially in the neighbourhood of Mantua.
This statement seems to require some modification,
for in the records of which Manetti was the author
I have found the facts are different, and I append
some extracts which are of interest. It is perhaps
true that I have not found the article from which Koch
obtained his information, as he cites the Gardeners'
Magazine^ ix., p. 159. If he refers to Loudon's Gar-
deners'' Magazine the reference is incorrect. The first
extract is from an article communicated by Mr. John
Denton, and deals particularly with the introduc-
tion of the Lombardy Poplar, and the question of the
presence of one or both sexes in this country. It may
be well to mention that the names Populus fastigiata,
P. pyramidalis, and P. dilatata have all been applied
to the Lombardy Poplar.
'* While curator of the botanic garden at Bury St.
Edmunds I examined all the blooming specimens of
Populus dilatata which grew in the town and neighbour-
hood, in the hope of acquiring both sexes for the collec-
tion of the garden. I could, however, find only the male.
I told this fact to Mr. Sabine on his visiting the garden,
and I understood him to reply, * The female is not in
this country. The Duke of Argyll imported some statuary
from Italy to Whitton, in Middlesex, part of the packing
of which, on being planted, disclosed Populus dilatata,
male ; and there has been no other importation." I
repeated this statement to a very intelligent gentleman,
W. C. Oldham, Esq., then (in the autumn of 1827) resid-
ing at Rickinghall, near Diss, in Norfolk, who could not
assent to its having been exclusively introduced as above
stated, himself and other gentlemen of his acquaintance
having always understood that it was first brought to this
country by the Earl of Rochford while he was Ambas-
sador to the Court of Turin in rysi, and who established
it at his seat at St. Osyth, Essex — the Rev. S. Carter
and other relations of the Rochford family having also
this impression. Mr. Oldham once saw the very old
gardener at the above seat, who attested the truth of this
notion, and slated that he himself was the person by
whom the twigs of the Poplar were planted. They were
incidentally sent over, as in Mr. Sabine's account ; but
if Mr. Oldham rightly remembers it was in this instance
as the package of Orange trees.
" As to the fact of the importation of this species of
Poplar both accounts are probably correct, if I rightly
understood Mr. Sabine's remark ; but as there has been
another importation the female may be in the country,
niul the examination of the Lombardy Poplars about St.
Osyth, if any still exist there, would determine this ques-
tion. As it blooms in the end of March and early part
of April, perhaps some of your readers in the neighbour-
liood will examine the blossoms and sclile this point.
Having, however, since learned where the female exists,
1 would record the place in your mag.lzin'^ that all who
desire it may procure it thence. It is at the University
Botanic Gardens at Guttingen : M. Christopher Abra-
ham Fischer, the inspector of which, in reply to an appli-
cation for it from Mr. N. S, Hodson, superintendent of
the botanic garden at Bury St. Edmunds, remarks in a
letter dated December 16, 1828 :—' Many years since I
looked fruitlessly for the female of Populus dilatata
among many thousand trees all round Gotlingen, Last
year I w;is so fortunate as to find a single tree, and send
you some cuttings.' These cuttings, although planted
as soon as received, and duly attended to. all failed ; but
as Poplars are notorious for freedom of growth, this
should not deter from other importations.""
The foregoing communication does not contain
any absolute proof of the existence of female trees of
the Lombardy Poplar. The following letter on the
same subject was written by Manetti, whom K. Koch
quotes as his authority for the tree being raised from
seed : —
" The Lombardy, or, as we call it, the Cypress Poplar,
is not now so frequently seen in the Milanese territory
as formerly, and the few that still remain there appear to
have been planted on the banks of rivers and brooks, or
near houses, for ornament. I have not been able to
convince myself that it grows anywhere spontaneously,
except in the garden of Comte Orrigo, as I mentioned
in a former letter ; and when I wrote to my brother
Luigi to ascertain if it grew spontaneously in the province
of Venice, he informed me that, although very fine trees
of it are to be seen about villas between Venice and
Verona, and also near the river Erenta, he never saw it
grown spontaneously ; and that it is there always propa-
gated by cuttings.
" I think that this Poplar is a native of the banks of
the Po, because, though it is cultivated to a considerable
extent in Modena, Bologna, and Ferrara, it is found in
the greatest abundance on the banks of that river,
particularly on the Bolognese side. A friend of mine,
who has property on the low ground near Mantua, has
also observed, that, when the soil is dug up there, or
when the river overflows its banks, and carries off part of
the soil, so as to expose the virgin earth, a great quantity
of black Poplars always spring up, and among them
many of the Cypress or Lombardy Poplars. These seeds
were no doubt produced by the forests which once
covered the banks of the Po, the remains of which are
still to be found in some places. In my letter of
lanuary 24, I told you that I agreed with Professor
Morretti in thinking that the Cypress Poplar was a
hybrid ; but since I have studied it more closely I must
say that I consider it a distinct species, because all the
plants raised from seed preserve the characteristics of the
parent.
" I do not know why those who make plantations of
Poplars prefer raising them from cuttings rather than
from seeds ; and as I told you in my last letter, the
agriculturists in Brescia cut down the plants grown from
seed to the collar, in order to make the whole into cut-
tings. I cannot think this desirable, and on the con-
trary maintain that, if you wish the plant to have a
strong root, you should give the preference to the one
that has been raised from seed rather than from cuttings.
" I wrote also to my valuable friend at Florence, Signer
Palli Falbroni, Secretary to the Academy of Geography,
to ascertain if the Lombardy Poplar was indigenous
there. He informed me that they had only the male
plant in Tuscany ; and added, to my great surprise, that
it was not introduced till 1805, by the Marquis Strozzi."f
Manetti's letter seeras either to have been written by
a person not well acquainted with English, or trans-
lated by a person who imperfectly understood Italian ;
for it is very contradictory and vague in some parts.
With regard to the cause of the Lombardy Poplar
dying off in North Germany, we think there can be
little doubt that it was the severe cold of 1879-S0,
for here in England the same phenomenon as we have
stated, was observed in many places, and commented
upon in this journal.
As to the sexes, we have seen no female trees in
this country, and the only dried specimens we have
seen that grew in Europe are from Carlsruhe and
Switzerland ; but the real home of this tree is Western
Asia, and not Italy, where it is only an introduced
tree. Boissier, in his Flora Orientalisy treats it as a
* John Denson, in Loudon's Gardener's Magazine, vi. (1S30),
p. 419-
t Loudon's Gardeners' Magazine, xii. (1S36), p, 56 ,
572
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 18S3.
distinct species, and records it as wild in Macedonia,
Anatolia, Armenia, Antilibanon, Persia, and Turkes-
tan. Griffith regarded it as wild near Cabul in
Afghanistan. It is extensively planted in North-
western India, where the female exists, though it
seems to be relatively rare. Perhaps the finest
avenue of this Poplar in existence is one at Sirinagar
in Kashmir. All travellers mention it ; and Dr.
Brandis, in his Forest Flora^ states it is about a mile
long, and perfectly straight, and the trees are from
90 to 105 feet high.
Magnolia Soulangeana nigra. — A medium-
sized shrub, deciduous, very floriferous, and continu-
ing a long time in bloom — in fact, from March till
June. The plant is perfectly hardy, and makes an
excellent subject for a solitary specimen on the lawn.
The flowers are Tulip-like, and dark purple, about
the size of a goose's egg.
Magnolia Lenn^i, another hardy or half hardy
shrub, rather weaker in growth than the former, is well
adapted for a single specimen, or for a wall. The foliage
is very fine, being about 7 inches in length, not reckon-
ing the leaf-stalk. It is deciduous. The blooms,
which are very large and cup-shaped, are rosy-purple
outside, and pure white within, appear before the
leaves in spring. In warm positions seed-pods are
formed, which are dark green when ripe, and contain
large scarlet seeds.
FOI^ESTr^Y,
Forest Work for November. — Planting. —
Push forward all operations that may have been
delayed last month from the stormy and wet weather,
so as to allow all hands to be turned on to the plant-
ing as soon as the nature of the weather and the state
of the young trees permit. The great advantages of
autumn planting are apt to be too much overlooked,
and work that could be most successfully performed
just now left over till necessity compels its being per-
formed in spring. That spring planting is still rigidly
adhered to by many foresters is beyond a doubt, and
for what reasons it would be difficult to say — more,
perhaps, from a disinclination to get out of the old
and worn track than that any arguments in favour of
the practice can be adduced ; however, as knowledge
spreads, and the principles of plant life are better
understood, autumn planting will be more generally
adopted, with not only a saving to the landowners,
but greater success and credit to the operator. When
the weather is unsuitable for planting the workmen
may be employed in fencing, draining, and fitting
ground intended for planting in spring, such
as cold stiff clay or peat bog. In a clayey ground
it will also be needful to adopt some means
of ameliorating the mechanical texture of the
earth, so as to render it sufficiently pervious to
air and moisture to enable it to carry a healthy vege-
tation. For this purpose sand, road-scrapings, light
loamy earth, vegetable ashes or leaf-mould are
amongst the best substances that can be used. Stag-
nant water should also be removed, as nothing is
more injurious to tender plants than an accumulation
of water about their roots ; it produces a coldness in
the soil, which, in spring especially, is so far mis-
chievous that it frequently effects the destruction of
the plants, and generally causes an inertness, which
is not recovered from for a considerable length of
time. Examine carefully all transplanted trees, espe-
cially such as are of large size, and consequently
liable to be tossed about with the wind. To the suc-
cess of every transplanted tree it is absolutely neces-
sary that motion of its roots be prevented, so that all
the fibres issuing from the injured roots be preserved,
their services being early and eminently needed to
supply sap before the buds shall have perished or the
tree become stunted from the contraction of the sap-
vessels. A recently removed tree that has been upset
or rocked about with the wind, so as to have the
tender rootlets damaged, may perhaps live, but if so
it will be several years before becoming either fruitful
or ornamental.
Hedging. — November is a good time for planting
hedges, and no time should be lost in having such
work in hand, as the Hawthorn is one of our first
plants to break into leaf. Thorough preparation of
the ground intended for quicks is all-important, and
any little expense incurred in this way is amply repaid
by the increased and ultimate value of the fence thus
formed. A good deal has been said and written
lately regarding the oval-leaved Privet (Ligustrum
ovalifolium) as a hedge plant, and its extensive use
here urges me to say a few words in its favour. Neatly
a couple of dozen different shrubs have heen employed
here in the formation of hedges, but for quick dense
growth, as well as ornamental appearance, this new
Privet bids fair to outrival all others. The habit is
strict and close, which, combined with its free growth
and adaptability to the pruning-hook, renders it a first-
class plant for division or screen fences. It is much
stronger than the common Privet, quite as hardy and
equally applicable for planting in different soils and
situations. Although better than the common Privet
for a farm fence, or where resisting powers are
required, yet this plant cannot with confidence be
recommended for such purposes alone. Planted time
about with the quick it soon forms both a useful and
ornamental fence, alike suitable for the farm, forest,
or garden.
Shrubbery.— In the shrubbery little can now be
done, except in maintaining thorough neatness, a
point which cannot be neglected with impunity at any
season. Dressing lawns, edging walks, and planting
of shrubs should be persevered in as far as weather
will permit. Many plants, especially some of the new
species of Pinus, which are frequently used for the
embellishment of prominent positions on the lawn,
will require protection when making their first growth
in spring ; for although hardy enough to stand un-
protected through the winter, they are very liable to
sustain injury in consequence of the early period at
which they commence their growth.
Nursery.— In the nursery, lift and plant in lines all
layers, at the same time layer for a succession of plants.
Dig roughly all vacant ground, at the same time ex-
posing as much as possible of each spadeful to the
influence of the winter weather. Cones, as well as
other tree-seeds yet ungathered, should now be col-
lected and stored away in a dry and airy loft. The
seeds from cones need not be extracted but left as
they are until spring, or such time as required for
sowing. Transplant seedlings into rows, being careful
to allow sufficient room for hoeing and weeding. For
refilling the nursery with seedlings it is well to have
a portion of the stock ordered to hand. This will
enable the nurseryman to embrace every opportunity
of getting on with his work during fine weather — a
point of much importance both for the plants and the
cleaning of the ground. Those having home nur-
series should not lift more plants in one day than can
be used in the same time.
Thinning. — The cutting of underwood and general
thinning of plantations may now be proceeded
with, although where game is preserved it may
be some time yet before the covers are shot
through ; in such cases thinning will have to be
deferred until then. All outlying plantations may,
however, be thinned, and the produce disposed of as
early as possible, so as to have the plantations cleared
out and finished up at once. In this country it is
seldom thinning is done at the proper time, and when
it must be it is difficult to prevent its being overdone.
All dead or broken trees should be removed at once,
and branches that have become twisted during the late
stormy weather pruned off, and either burned on the
ground or removed from sight, especially such as are
visible from drives or roads in the park, lawn, or
pleasure-ground.
Roads and Walks. — An unusual amount of
attention and labour will, during the wet weather,
require to be expended on roads, drives, and
walks, so that they may be preserved in a sound
and passable condition. Carriage drives and walks
within the policy grounds should receive special
attention, to guard against the formation of ruts and
inequalities, either of which are anything but pleasant
to foot or other passengers. We find it a good plan
to keep a few men constantly employed in cleaning
and repairing the carriage drive, so as to guard at all
times against the consequences of allowing these to
get into a dirty, rough, or furrowed condition. The
drives and rides in plantations should also be gone
carefully over, and wherever rabbits are found burrow-
ing under them the holes should be followed up with
the spade to their furthest extremity, and again filled
firmly up ; such holes are treacherous to hunters and
shooting parties, and should, therefore, ba looked to
and remedied at once.
General Work.— See that all drains and ditches
are properly cleaned out, as during the past suc-
cessively wet weather they have in many in-
stances been taxed to their utmost here. Leaves may
now be gathered and carted to convenient places to
rot. On the farm prune all hedgerow trees, and cut
down such as are intended for removal during the
winter season and while the ground is destitute of
crops. A. D. Webster, Penrhyn Castle, North Wales.
THE FRUIT SHOW OF THE
WOOLHOPE CLUB, HEREFORD.
The above exhibition was held in the Shire Hall
(thus giving more space than before), and the fine
room was well filled with a remarkable display of
3000 dishes of Apples and Pears. The orchestra was
relieved by a few well arranged plants in pots —
some lifted specimens of Pampas-grass giving light-
ness to the arrangement. We did not learn who
kindly lent these, but expect the Cranston Company
could answer the question. To our minds a few of
the Palms would have relieved the flatness of the
tables, and it struck us that the two central ones
were far too wide for a proper examination of the
fruit. Possibly the fine tall ladies and gentlemen of
Hereford could see all they desired, but the exceptions
fared badly : another 18 inches at the side tables
would have been more in character. However, we
have done our grumble, and those who know the
"authorities" will quite understand that much of
the success of the show was due to the courteous
urbanity of the esteemed President, Dr. Bull, who
was ably seconded by H. Cecil Moore, Esq., M.D.,
and Mr. D. R. Chapman, who well deserved the
thanks of the exhibitors and the general public. The
judges especially owe them gratitude, for they had the
hall entirely to themselves, and the arrangement con-
siderably facilitated their labours, which appeared to
have given general satisfaction, except, perhaps, in the
"heaviest Apple" class, where the Herefordians
would have liked to see the prize go to Mr, Higgins
for his wonderful example of Peasgood's Nonsuch,
but the schedule did not state beauty, but size,
weight, and quality, so that the scales decided for
Belle Dubois {20 oz. ), from the Barham Court
exhibit, which was 2 or 3 oz. over the Nonsuch.
In the heaviest Pear all the points came together, and
Pitmaston Duchess, also from Barham Court, was 1st
with a bulk of 24^ oz.
Accustomed as our eyes were to the Chiswick con-
gress we were struck with the brilliant colour of the
Hereford fruit — the Tom Putt section rivalling a
batch of Dahlia Mariesii blooms, and the rich orange-
yellow of the King of the Pippins was remarkable.
In the cider fruit the " carnation stripes," the " crim-
son flushes," and the "bronze blacks" were admirable,
and we anticipate we shall hear 1883 called a cider
" vintage " year.
The following notes may be interesting to exhi-
bitors. Taking the Pears first, Mr. Haycock, gr. to
Roger Leigh, Esq., Barham Court, Maidstone, Kent,
was well 1st with fifteen varieties, which were all
grand, the Pitmaston Duchess being very large, and just
colouring elegantly ; Doyenne Boussoch, Triomphe de
Jodoigne, Doyenne du Comice, Beurre Diel, Easter
Hardy, Superfin, General Todtleben, Conseiller a
la Cour, Durandeau, Passe Crassanne, Duchesse
d'Angouleme, Nouveau Poiteau being all large and
of good shape. The grand late Pear Marie Benoist
was also included. Sir Henry Scudamore Stanhope
(who only a few days ago inherited the title of the
Earl of Chesterfield) was a good 2d with a fine collec-
tion from the Holme Lacey cordons, Beurre Hardy,
Flemish Beauty, finely coloured ; Marie Benoist,
Doyenne Boussoch, Chaumontelle, and Beurre Ranee
being conspicuous. The third award fell to Red
Stacey, whose fruit was very fine, and we learn grown
on a very poor soil andin an exposed place, so that it was
green, but heavy, and promising to keep well ; Doyenne
du Comice, Marie Louise, and Pitmaston Duchess,
Hacon's Incomparable, and Conseiller a la
Cour being very good. The dishes of Marie Louise
were very fine, and the Louise Bonnes large but not so
fine as we have seen. The Uvedale's St. Germain
and Grosse Calebasse in the cooking Pears were very
fine, the latter hailing from Kent (Mr. Fremlin's,
Prestons Hall, Wateringbury).
There was a keen competition for the premier
prize — twenty-four varieties of kitchen Apples. Here
again Mr. Haycock vis.^ facile princeps with finer fruit
November 3, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
573
than that staged at Chiswick, the best being Peasgood's
Nonsuch, Belle Dubois, Lord Derby, Alexander,
Reinette du Canada, Loddington, Royal Russet, Mere
de Menage, very large, well coloured ; Beauty of
Kent, and Warner's King. He was well followed by
Mr. Watkins, who had Wallham Abbey, Yorkshire
Beauty, lilenheim, Striped Beefing, Gloucester
Costard, New Hawthornden, and Wellington. Lady
Emily Foley was 3d with a fine lot, well coloured,
but smaller than the preceding. The competition for
the fifteen table Apples was well contested, and six
prizes would have been well bestowed. Mr. Haycock
was I St, his collection being very well set up and varied,
but possibly the fruit was a little too large for a select
dessert. Pine Golden Pippin, Washington, Blen-
heim, Margil, Melon, Golden Russet, King of
Pippins, Ribston, Braddick's Nonpareil, Queen
Caroline (a fine foil for the others, but a dessert fruit
by courtesy ?) ; Court Pendu Plat, Mother, well
coloured; and Ross's Nonpareil. Mr. JohnGriftiths,
Tillington, was 2d, and had finely-coloured and well-
kept Red Astrachan, Ribston, Yellow Ingestrie, and
Melon.
In the class, best Apple, present flavour, there was
a keen contest. Ribston was out of it, not being
ripe, and Mother Apple was well 1st ; Cox's Orange
2d, Hereford Old Pomeroy 3d, and Crimson Gilli-
fiower 4th.
In the Pears for present flavour there were a large
number entered. First honours fell unanimously to
Thompson's, grown by Mr. Piper, of Ledbury ; and
2d to Marie Louise (from a standard tree) ; 3d to
grand Seckles, from Welford Park ; 4th to Beurre
Superfin ; and the old Aston Town was next on
the list.
In the single dishes of Apples there was a grand
display. Mr. Haycock took first honours for Ribstons,
Hereford Pearmain and Cox's Orange Pippin. In the
Blenheims. Mr. Griffiths was 1st, in a class of thirty-
one plates ; the Rev. H, Tweed was a good 2d in the
Cox's Orange. The Blenheims were astonishing — size,
colour, weight, and beauty being well brought out. The
specimens of King of Pippins were wonderful, and a
dozen prizes would scarcely have covered the meri-
torious dishes, twenty-eight competing. Here the
honours fell to a local grower, Mr. Higgins.
The trade were well represented by the Cranston
Nursery Company, Messrs. Davidson of Whitecross
Nurseries, and Mr. Grove of Tupsley, doing duty for
Hereford. Messrs. J. C. Wheeler & Son, Gloucester,
showed a similar lot to their Chiswick collection.
Messrs. George Bunyard & Co., of Maidstone, cham-
pioned Kent : and the local cider celebrity, Mr. Wat-
kins, had 200 dishes of the best cider, and also
kitchen and dessert fruit — very cleanly grown. In the
Cranston collection were grand plates of Peasgood's
Nonsuch, Stirling Castle, Ecklinville, Lord Suffield,
Lane's Prince Albert, Worcester Pearmain, large and
well kept; Bess Pool, Ribston, Golden Spire, Glou-
cester Costard, Brownlec's Russet, Annie Elizabeth,
Lord Derby (grand) ; Lord Grosvenor, Pomona, Tom
Putt, Cornish Aromatic, Ringer, and, lastly, fine dishes
of the Herefordshire Beefing, which is an Apple that
must make its way, because it can be kept well into
May. This lot was well set-up, and contained about
260 dishes. Messrs. Davidson showed fine examples
of Flanders Pippin, Devonshire Red (very like Jef-
feiies* Honeymoon), Blenheim, Warner's King, Cats-
head (Query: if a cat has nine lives, how many heads
has it, for Puss was well represented here) ; Pomeroy,
Stirling Castle, New Hawthornden, and Feain's. Mr.
Grove had fine Alexander, Minchall Crab, Cox's
Orange Pippin, and New Hawthornden, and many
other finely coloured dishes.
Mr. Watkins had Costard, New Hawthornden,
Catshead, Waltham Abbey, Blenheim, Beauty of
Kent, Ribston, Scarlet Nonpareil, Duke o( Devon-
shire, Warner's King, and many others well grown.
Mr. W.'s soil is evidently suitable for Apple growing.
Messrs. J. C. Wheeler & Son had Waltham Abbey,
Yorkshire Greening, Wormsley, Royal Russet,
Golden Noble, Wellington, Worcester Pearmain,
Fearn's Pippin, and many well grown Russets, of
course including the Ashmead's Kernel.
Messrs. Bunyard had good dishes of Loddington
Seedling, Warner's King, Worcester Pearmain, Cox's
Pomona, Lord Derby, Alfriston, New Hawthornden,
Cellini and Pitmaston Pine-apple among the dessert
fruit. Three fruits were also shown of the
Grenadier.
For the noveltyclassthere were several entries, which
the judges divided into sections. The first, for culi-
nary fruit, was awarded to Saltmarsh's Queen, very
finely marked fruit being sent trom Chelmsford. The
second to the Rev. Mr. Pilson, for a pale primrose Apple
of the Golden Noble race. In dessert, the 1st went
to Ballard's Seedling, which is an Apple we ought to
hear more of. Cox's Orange is one parent, and pro-
bably Braddick's Nonpareil another, handsome, fine
in colour and shape, and which will keep till March,
we fancy. Second honours fell to a good plate of
Gipsy King, which were very heavy and well coloured,
shown by Messrs. Geo. Bunyard & Co., of Maidstone.
In the class for nine varieties, culinary Apples, given
by the Cranston Company, there was one remarkable
exhibit from Mr. Higgins. The Peasgood's Nonsuch,
Warner's King, Cox's Pomona, here shown were
better than many Apples at Chiswick, and the
gardener would have done well to have competed in
the open class. We have omitted to say that the
prize for Tom Putt fell to Mr. Haywood in a large
class, remarkable for its striking beauty.
In the miscellaneous lots we noted a plate of the
new Bramley's Seedling Apple, lately certificated,
from Mr. H. Merrywealher, Southwell, evidently a
useful fruit. There were also seventy-five varieties of
orchard and cider fruit from Normandy, and a collec-
tion of vintage fruit from Devonshire ; a plate of very
fine Pitmaston Duchess Pears from Sawbridgeworth,
and a dish of fine Kent Cobs from Bunyard's.
In one corner lay a branch of what looked like a
Willow, but which proved to be a Pear, with long
silvery leaves. It was sent by Sir Rupert Kettle, and
the small green fruit, about the size of an Azarolus
Thorn, is supposed to possess the tannin principle (so
valuable in cider making) in a remarkable degree. On
tasting they caused one to shut the left eye with their
peculiar acidity. We believe this to be Pyrus salici-
folius pendula, grown in some nurseries as a hand-
some and distinct tree. Loudon says P. salicifolia is
a native of Siberia, and that trees 20 to 30 feet high
exist at Whiteknights.
In conclusion, we are glad to say that the show
was well patronised by the local nobility and gentry,
and also by the Apple farmers and gardeners, and we
believe has proved a financial success. The judges
were Mr. R. S. Carrington, of Worcester, and Mr.
George Bunyard, of Maidstone ; the cider and ptrry
fruit being judged by experts, whose names we did
not hear. Mr. Phillips and Mr. Piper, of Ledbury,
we believe, did good service.
LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.
Epidendrum, — Continued from p. 477.
147. E. (Encyclium — Sarcochila) OCHRACEUM,
Lindl., Bot, Reg. 1838, t. 26, Misc., p. 14 ;
Walp. Attn., vi., p. 325 ; Rcfug. Bot., t. 88 ; £.
triite, A. Rich, and Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., scirie 3.
iii., p. 20. — Guatemala and Mexico. Introduced
by Skinner, and first flowered in Sir C. Lemons
garden. Small yellowish-brown flowers.
E. ocHKANTHUM=:virens.
148. (EUEPIDENDRUM — PANICULATE) OCHRIODES,
Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 165 ; Walp. A?in., vi.,
p. 371. — New Grenada, at 7000 feet. Introduced
by Linden. Habit of nutans, with a dense
raceme of pale violet flowers.
149. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila)odoratissimum,
Lindl., Bot. Rf^., t. 1415 ; Eoi. Orch., n. 33;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 330. Macradenia lutescens,
Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 1556, not of R. Br. Encyclia
patens. Hook., Bot. Mag., I. 3013. Epidendrum
glutinosum, Scheidw., Otto and Dietr., Alig. Gart.
Zeit. 1843, p. no. — This has green and brown or
wholly green " delightfully fragrant " flowers.
Lindley states that none of the above figures is
good, all having been made from unhealthy culti-
vated plants.
150. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) oncidioides,
Lindl., Bot, Reg., X. 1623; Fol. Orch., n. 29;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 327. E. affine ^ndk E. spec-
tabile, Focke, Bot. Zeit. 1853, pp. 229 and 341.
E. guatemalense, Klotzsch ; Otto and Dietr.,
Allg. Gart. Zeit. 1852, p. 249. — Guiana. Culti-
vated by Mr. R. Harrison, of Liverpool. A
stately species, having broad foliage and branch-
ing panicles of yellow and brown, very fragrant
flowers. In a wild state the panicles are as much
as 6 feet high, according to Schomburgk. A
variety called graniticum, from its growing among
boulders, is described as having smaller green
flowers, dotted with red, and a white lip, rosy-red
at the base.
E. ORNATUM =1 floribundum.
151. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) ovuLUM, Lindl.,
Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc., p. 55 ; Fol. Orch., n. 42 ;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 333. — Mexico. Imported
and cultivated by Loddiges. Flowers olive-green,
with a white crimson-veined lip.
152. E. (Encyclium) oxypetalum, Lindl. , Orch.
Linden, p. 8 ; Fol. Orch.^ n. 35 ; Walp. Ann.^
vi., p. 330 ; ///. Hort., xxviii., p, 96. — Cuba. In-
troduced by Linden. Flowers pale yellow.
153. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) pachvanthum,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838. p. 31 ; /-"oL Orch., n. 25 ;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 326.— Demerara. Discovered
by Mr. Schomburgk, who sent it to Messrs. Lod-
diges. A large green-flowcrcd species.
E. PACHYSEPALUM = variegatum.
154. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— AMI'HtGTOTTIDE./E) PALLI-
DIKLORUM, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 2980 ; Lindl.,
Fol. Orch,, n. 180; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 378. —
Dominica. Sent by the Rev. L. Guilding to
Glasgow, where it flowered in 1829. Flowers
pale yellowish-whitt-*, with a purple stain on the
column. The Botanical Magazine figure was
from a weak plant.
155. E. (EUEPIDENDKUM— AMPIHGLOTTIDEiE) PALPI-
GERUM, Rchb. f., Gard. Chron., n.s., xti., p. 40. —
Mexico. Introduced and cultivated by Mr. W.
Bull in 1880. Flowers larger than those of E.
ellipticum, of an exquisite lilac colour ; colunm
green, with a purple top. Hort. Kew.
156. E. (Aui.ueum) pampi.onense, Rclib. f., Linna^a,
xxii., p. 837 ; W-ilp. Ann., vi., p. 356 ; Lindl.,
Fol. Orch., n. 118.— New Grenada, at 6000 feet.
Introduced by Linden in 1848. I'lowers yellow
and white, flecked with purple.
157. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM- AmPIIIGLOTTIDE/^.) PAN-
CHRYSUM, Rchb. f. and Warsc. ; Otto and Dietr.,
Allg. Gxrt. Zeit, 1854, p. 313 ; Walp. Ann., vi.,
P- 397* — Peru. Introduced by Warscewicz, and
cultivated by Senator Jenlsch, Hamburg. A
pretty species, with golden-yellow flowers, about
half the size of those of a healthy E. ellipticum.
158. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— PaNICULAT>E) PANICULA-
TUM, Ruiz and Pav.. Fl. Feruv. et Chil. Sy\t.,
p. 243 ; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 174 ; Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 376; ///. Hort., n. s., t. 211 ; Bot. Mag., t.
5731 ; Gard. Chron. i368, p. 1338. E. la-ve,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1844, p. 24. — New Grenada to
Peru. Cultivated by Messrs. Veitch in 1868. A
tall, vigorous species, bearing ample panicles of
purple or lilac-purple flowers, with some yellow at
tlie tip of the column. Described as ihe most
superb of the paniculate species, and perhaps the
most free-flowering of all Orchids. Hort. Kew.
E. papilionaceum = bifidum.
E. papillosum =z adenocarpum.
E. Paricinsonianum =: falcatum.
E. Pastoris= Linkeanum.
159. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— AMPHIGLOTTIDE-^) PATENS,
Swartz., Fl. Ind. Occ., iii., p. 1495 ; Lodd., Bot.
Cab., t. 1537: Bot. Mag., t. 38CXD ; Lindl., Fol.
Orch., n. 23s; Walp. Ann.,v\.,\i. 384. — West
Indies and Guatemala. Introduced by Skinner.
Flowers rusty-yellow, about i^ inch across.
Hort. Kew.
160. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — AmPHIGLOTTIDE/E) PAY-
TENSE, Rchb. f., Bonplandia, 1855, p. 220; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 391 ; Otto and Dietr,, Allg G^rt.
Zeit. 1855, p. 185. — Peru. Imported and culti-
vated by Mr. Nauen, of Berlin. Flowers
cinnabar, half as large as those of E. cinna-
barinum.
161. E. (Aultzeum) pentotis, Rchb. f., LinncEa, xli.,
p. 81. — Brazil. Cultivated by Linden.
162. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) phceniceum,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc, p. 57; Fol. Orch.,
78 ; Sert. Orch., t. 46 ; Gard. Chron. i84r, p. 55 r,
and 1842, p. 423 ; Paxt., Mag. Bot., ix., p. 97,
with coloured plate, copied in Fl. des Serres,
May, i3i6, t. 8 ; IValp. Ann., vi., p. 3^4. E.
•pha^niceum vanillosmiwi, I'l. des Serres, t. 306.
E. Grakami, Hook., Bof. Mag., 3385. — Cuba.
Originally introduced and cultivated by Loddiges.
A very handsome, large flowered species, with
branching panicles 2 to 3 feet high. Sepals and
petals leathery, deep purple, mottled with green ;
lip clear bright violet, veined and stained with
crimson. Thus Lindley described the original
variety ; but there are great 'differences in the
coloration of the varieties referred to this species.
Theone figured by Paxton has a bright rosy lip, and
it is very much like E. macrochilum var. roseum ;
and E. Grahami has yellowish-green and brown
sepals and petals, and a whitish lip veined with
red.
163. E. PHYLLOCHARIS, Rchb. i., Xenia, iii., p. 11,
(_ 208. — Costa Rica. Introduced by Mr. Endres,
and cultivated in the Hamburg Botanic Garden.
164. E. physodes, Rchb. f., Gard, Chron. 1873, p.
289. —Costa Rica. Sent to Messrs. Veitch by
their collector, Mr. Zahn. A mere botanical
curiosity, with whitish-brown flowers.
165. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) pictum, Lindl.,
Bot. Reg. 1838. Misc., p. 32 ; Fol. Orch., n. ^s\
Walp. Ann.,\'\., p. 334. — Demerara. Cultivated by
Messrs. Loddiges. Resembles E. odoratissimum,
with dull yellow flowers neatly striped with crim-
son.
166. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — AMPHIGLOTTIDE^) PILI-
FERUM, Rchb. f., Linna-a, xH., p. 83.— Costa
Rica. Originally discovered by Warscewicz, and
subsequently imported both by Mr. Linden and
Messrs. Veitch. Allied to E. floribundum. Sepals
greenish, petals white, lip white spotted with
violet.
167. E. PiPiO, Rchb. f. ; Otto and Dietr., Allg. Gart.
Zeit. 1856, p. 98 ; Cat. Orch. Sarmnl. Schiller,
ed. 3, p. 32. — Brazil. Cultivated by Consul
Schiller, Hamburg, in 1857.
168. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) plicatum,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 35 ; Fol. Orch., n. 3a ;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 329.— Cuba. Imported and
cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges. A handsome
574
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883.
species, having green and rich purple flowers,
with a liltle white and yellow on the lip.
169. E. {EUEPIDENDRUM — PANICULATE) POLYAN-
THUM, Lindl., Ge7t. and Sp. Orch. PI, p. 106;
FoL Orch., n. 187 (excluding the synonyms E.
densiflorum, Hook., and E. rubrocinctum, Lindl.) ;
Batem., Oych. A-Iex. and Guat., t. 34; Refzig.
Bot., ii., t. 112. E. btsctiiin, Lindl., Bot. Reg.,
1841, Misc., p. 68. E, fiuiiferiim, Morren, Ann.
de Gand, iv., p. 211, t. 198. E. colorans,
Klotzsch; Otto and Dietr., Allg. Gart. Zeit. 1851,
p. 250. E. Lajisbergii, Regel, Cat. Hort, Petrop.
1855 ? — Mexico and Guatemala to Venezuela and
Brazil. First imported and cultivated by Messrs.
Loddiges. As represented by Bateman, this is a
very ornamental species, though it rarely attains
perfection under cultivation. Thesepals are brown
or yellow-brown, the exceedingly narrow petals
white, and the labellum and column yellow, white
and green.
170. E. (Encyclium — Holochila) polybulbon,
Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ, iii., p. 1491 ; Bot. Mag.,
t. 4067 ; \ioo\i., Exot. FL, t. 112; Lodd., Bot.
Cab., t. 1230. Dinema polybulbon, Lindl., Gen.
and Sp. Orch. PL, p. ill. — West Indies and
Mexico. Introduced by Mr. C. Horsfall, of
Everton, near Liverpool, and presented by him to
the Liverpool Botanic Garden, where it flowered
in 1S82 ; 3 or 4 inches high, with solitary small
white flowers proceeding from between the two
leaves borne by each pseudobulb.
171. E. (Encyclium) porphyrospilum, Rchb. f., Lin-
ncea , x\\. , p. 80. — Nativecountry not given. Sepals
and petals olive-green ; lip white, with an
amethystine-violet disc.
E. PKIMULINUM= rufum.
172. E. (Encyclium — Holochila) prismatocarpum,
Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 729; Lindl., FoL
Orch., n. 23 ; Rchb. f., Bcitr. Orch. Cent. Am ,
p. 34 ; Gard. Chron, 1865, p. 413 ; Bot. Mag.,
*• S'i'i^ : Xefiia Orch., ii., p. 83, t. 123 ; Warner,
Set. Orch., ser. i. , t. 9. E. maculatum, E. nigra-
macnlatum, and E. Uro-Skhnieri, Hortulan.
Central America on the Volcan de Chiriqui. Dis-
covered by Warscewicz. A strikingly handsome
species, having tall, erect, many-flowered racemes.
Sepals and petals yellow-green, with a few large,
very dark purple almost black spots ; lip lilac-
purple bordered with white. A robust plant, with
broad, recurved leaves. Hort. Kew.
173. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — AmPHIGLOTTIDEE) PSEUDE-
PIDENDRUM, Rchb. f. , Xtnia Orch. , i. , p. 160, t. 53 ;
Bot. Mag., t.5929 ; IValp. Ann.,v\.,p. 414 ; Gard.
Chron. 1872, p. 763. Pseudepidendrum spectabile,
Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 733. — Central
America. Discovered by Warscewicz ; flowered
by Messrs. Veitch in 1871. A very striking
species, having flowers 3 inches across ; sepals
and petals wholly green ; lip rich orange-red and
yellow.
174. E. (Encyclium— Sph/erochila) pteeocarpum,
Lindl., Hook. Journ. Bot., iii., p. 82 ; Bot. Reg.
1841, Misc., p. 60; 1844, t. 34; Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 326 ; Lindl., FoL Orch., n. 22 ; E. cinna-
momeum, A. Rich, and Gal. , An7i. Sc. Nat. ,
s^rie 3, iii., p. 19. — Mexico. Imported and culti-
vated by IVlr. G. Barker, of Birmingham. Flowers
brown and green, with a broad yellow variegated
lip, whose middle lobe is wliitish.
E. pulcherrimum = cochlidium.
175. E. (AuLizEUM — Holochila) punctiterum,
Rchb. f. , in Gard. Chron., n.s., xvi., p. 38, under
E. tripunctatum. E. tripunctatuni, Lindl., FoL
Orch., n. 126, but not n. 12 ; Walp. Ann., vi.,
p. 35g. — Brazil. Imported and cultivated by
Messrs. Loddiges. Flowerssmall, yellowish, with
three purple spots in front of the callosities, and
two or three smaller ones on each side above the
furrows of the Up.
E. purpurascens = clavatum.
176. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — PANICULAT^E) PURUM,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc., p. 75 ; FoL Orch.,
n. 289; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 412. — Venezuela
and New Grenada. Introduced by Mr. Linden,
and cultivated in this country by Mr. Rucker.
Flowers pale green. Hort. Kew.
177. E. {Encyclium — Hymenochila) pyriporme,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 50; FoL Orch., n. 74;
Gard. Chron. 1847, p. 671 ; Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 343. — Cuba. Imported and cultivated by
Messrs. Loddiges. A dwarf plant, with pear-
shaped pseudobulbs and rather large flowers,
having red and yellowish-green sepals and petals,
and a straw-coloured lip, veined with crimson.
E. quadkatum = varicosura.
178. E, (AuLiZEUM— Holochila) radiatum, Lindl.,
Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., p. 58, and 1844, t. 45;
Gard. Chron. 2841, p. 503, and 1844, p, 607 ;
FoL Orch., n. 130 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 359. E.
marginatum, Kl., Link., Klotzsch and Otto, Ic.
PL Rar. Hort. BeroL, p. 89, t. 36. E. brae tea-
latum, Presl., Reliq. Hcenk., i., p. loo? — Mexico
and Guatemala. Imported and cultivated by
Messrs. Loddiges. Allied to E. cochleatum.
Pseudobulbs strongly ribbed ; lip crisp and cre-
nated. Flowers pale green, striped with deep,
bright purple rays on the lip. Hort. Kew.
179. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — AMPHIGLOTTIDE/E) RADI-
cans, Pavon, Lindl., Gen. atid Sp. Orch. PL,
p. 104 ; F'ol. Orch., n. 220 ; Walp. A?in., vi.,
p. 390; Paxt., Alag. Bot., xii., p. 145. with a
coloured plate, copied in Burnett's PL UtlL, iii.,
t. 78 a, M. ihizophorum, Batem., Bot. Reg. 1838,
Misc., p. 8. — A very handsome species of the
same group as E. cinnabarinum, but having more
numerous flowers of a dark orange-red, with a
hghter coloured lip and column. Lindley says it
always has long while roots proceeding from the
sides of the stem.
iSo. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— StROBILIFER^) RAMOSUM,
Jacq., Stirp. Amer., p. 221, t. 132 ; Lindl.,
FoL Orch., n. 238 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 399.
E. rigidtim, Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 1600, not of
Jacq. — Mexico to Brazil. Cultivated by Messrs.
Loddiges in 1829. Flowers quite small, greenish-
yellow.
181. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM) raniferum, Lindl., Bot. Reg.
1842, t. 42 ; Gard. Chron. 1841, p. 518 ; and
1842, p. 511 ; Fol. Orch., n. 167; Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 372 ; Fl. Mag., n. s., t. 445. — Mexico.
Cultivated by Mr. G. Barker and others before
1842. A striking species, having yellowish-green
flowers, thickly studded with purple-brown spots.
Described as one of the most attractive of the
genus. Lindley describes a variety, luteum, having
bright yellow flowers spotted with red, and a
whiter lip. Hort. Kew.
182. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — PaNICULAT^E) RAPHIDO-
PHORUM, Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 164 ; Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 371. — Venezuela, at 6500 feet. Introduced
by Linden in 1846. A coarse plant, with the
habit of E. nutans, but having large spathes and
needle-like bracts. Flowers white or pink,
183. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM) EECURVATUM, Lindl., Bot.
Reg. 1845, Misc., p. ']T ; FoL Orch., n. 280;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 410; ///. Hort., xxviii,,
p. 96. — Venezuela. Introduced by Linden.
Flowers rose-coloured.
184. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) replicatum,
Lindl., Lindl. and Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii., p. 167,
fig. 224; FoL Orch,, n. 27; Walp. Afin., vi.,
p. 327. — New Grenada? Cultivated by Mr. S.
Rucker. Flowers yellowish stained with brown ;
lip white and pink.
185. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — AmPHIGLOTTIDE-E) RESEC-
TUM, Rchb. i., Linna:a, xli., p. 82. — Central
America. Introduced by Mr. Zahn for Messrs.
Veitch.
186. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— StROBILIFER^) RIGIDUM,
Jacq., Stirp. Amer., p. 222, t. 134 ; Lindl., Fol.
Orch., n. 239 ; Walp. AnJi., vi., p. 400; Hook.,
Ic. PL, t. 314. — Mexico and the West Indies to
Brazil. Cultivated by Loddiges. A very curious
species, with quite small green flowers that turn
yellow.
187. E. RucKER/'E, Rchb. f., Hamb. Gart. Zeit., xxi.,
P- 385 ; Xenia Orch., ii., p. 136, t. 149. — Country
unknown. Cultivated in Hamburg gardens in
1865.
E. rhizophorum rrradicans.
E. EIGIDUM, Lodd. = ramosum.
E. rubrocinctum = densiflorum.
187*. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) rufum, Lindl.,
Bot. Reg. 1845, Misc., p. 33 ; Fol. Orch., n. 50 ;
Walp. Ann. , vi. , p. 336. E. pri7milinum,
Batem., in Lindl. and Paxt. FL Gard., i., p. 151.
— Bahamas (?), Brazil (?). Cultivated by Sir C.
Lemon, in whose garden it flowered in 1844.
Flowers in narrow, slightly branched panicles ;
very sweet, like Primroses, brownish-yellow.
E. Sagr-eanum ■=. fucatum.
i83. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM) SARCOCHiLUM, Linden and
Rchb. f., Bonplandia, 1854. p. 281 ; Walp. Ann ,
vi., p. 363. — New Grenada, at 5000 feet. Intro-
duced by Linden.
(To he continued.)
the PALM CABBAGE.
Palm Cabbage is much esteemed in the West
Indies, but not so largely used as its quality, plentiful-
ness, easy culture, and the lack of true Cabbage and
other vegetables, would appear to justify or require.
Though it is very probable that the majority uf the
larger-growing Palms would yield this vegetable, some
species are too fibry in the texture of their leafage to be
of service, while in others the presence of some bitter
principle makes the cabbage unpalatable. Only a
few are therefore known, or supposed to be available
for the purpose. The plants mostly employed are the
several species of Oreodoxa and Euterpe. They are
vigorous, rapid-growing, soft-wooded trees, usually
attaining, in good situations, very large dimensions,
and their cabbage is delicately tender, possessing
a sweet, smooth, nutty flavour. The cabbage is
obtained in two forms : first from the heart of the
crown of the tree, z.c\, the nascent, germinal leaves ;
and second, from the young, undeveloped flower-
spikes, which at the time of gathering are closely
sealed in their protecting spathes. To obtain
the first kind mentioned it is necessary to cut
down the tree, then sever the trunk from the head
just at the base of the long-cIasping petioles, and cut
away the leaves above at the point where they diverge
from the centre and the leaflets begin. These opera-
tions leave a solid cylinder, as much in some cases as
a man can lift, 4 or 5 feet long and several inches in
diameter, according to the particular species and age
of the tree, wrapped in the tight-fitting sheaths.
Longitudinal slits are then made in this, and layer by
layer the strong ligneous sheaths are removed, till the
white succulent heart is reached. In medium-sized
trees this is about 3 or 4 inches thick, but in full-
grown ones of the larger kinds it is twice as much.
Only from half a dozen to about a dozen dishes are
obtainable from the best specimens, for however tempt-
ing and nice it may look, all but the very centre is too
tough and fibry for table use. Judged simply by the
result, of all the eff"orts at waste and thoughtless ex-
travagance in Nature that one could commit, this
seems to be the greatest. You take a tree, it may be
of many years' growth, which perhaps wa.s in the hey-
day of its robust youth ere your father or grandfather
breathed. With a stately grandeur unmatched, it
stands erect, and hardly bends to the fiercest storm
that blows, its naked column-like trunk reaching
50 to 100 feet high. The power and skill of a woods-
man are required to bring it down. It falls at length
with a thud that makes the solid earth vibrate for
many yards around. You remove its royal head,
that has quivered through generations with the
faintest breeze, and tossed aloft in the rudest and
wildest storms, not losing, however, its infinite grace.
You hack — and it requires herculean labour — to
remove the exterior sheaths, and your reward is —
just in a measure for your act of vandalism — a few
pounds of cabbage ; good cabbage it must be
admitted, but, nevertheless, only cabbage.
In British Guiana, the second system I have men-
tioned— one that is very simple and neither laborious
nor difflcult to perform, and which inflicts no injury
whatever on the tree — is that mostly practised. The
coast lands of this territory, wherever they have been
cultivated, and the banks near the estuaries of the
rivers, abound more or less plentifully with a social
species of Oreodoxa, which seems to follow, and
remain after, agricultural clearings, as it is nowhere
found in more than a semi-wild state, and this only on
the lower parts of the rivers which were once coff'ee or
sugar estates. It is one of the largest of the family ;
and to obtain cabbage recourse is had to the half-
grown flower-spikes. These are found to be as lender
and delicious as the material obtained from the heart
of the tree, if not, indeed, superior. At certain
seasons of the year (and a tree is rarely quite bare of
them) these spikes make their appearance,
several at a time, around the top of the trunk,
just below the plume of foliage. They spring
from the lateral buds, which, after the age of
reproduction is reached, are produced with the
leaves. With the aid of a ladder, as the stem Is too
stout to be clasped, a boy climbs the tree and pulls,
or cuts one or two off. The spathe is then split down
and removed, and the delicate wax-like spadix ap-
pears most carefully packed in a quantity of snowy,
crystalline dust, and more brittle than the best bleached
Seakale. This is the cabbage, ready for use after
boiling. An excellent and much-esteemed pickle is
also made from both this and the heart of the tree.
The cabbage of one of them — the well-known Mani-
cole — is sometimes eaten raw by travellers ; and,
with unimpaired powers of digestion, it is not to be
despised on a long tramp through the forest, with a
late, or afternoon, breakfast only remotely in view.
Cooked, it is one of the best of all kinds, as is that,
also, of the kindred Rayhoo. Cabbage Palms might
be cultivated for market, or for family use, as easily
as cabbages are, and with much less trouble and
expense ; and they would possess the further advan-
tage over Cabbages that there would be no danger of
their spoiling by delay in cutting them. The ob-
jection that is felt to destroying old and venerable
trees, and the labour that attends obtaining the
cabbage thus, would not apply to young plants pur-
posely grown for table. The best species to adopt
for this purpose would be some of the bulky and fast
growing Oreodoxas. Any unoccupied piece of land, not
too swampy, would do for their growth, but it would
be much the better if rich and well watered. About 500
plants might be put in to the acre, or raised from seed
in situ, to be cut as required at from three to five
or more years of age ; the ground to be replanted, or
sown, as they were gradually removed. An acre estab-
lished in this way, and kept supplied as cut, would
be an inexhaustible source of Palm-cabbage for a
house ; and the little maintenance it would require —
merely in cutting out any immigrant growth that
might spring up in it — would be only a trifling cost
annually. If a few of these trees, fairly scattered over
the ground, were left to seed, very little replanting
after a time would be necessary, as these plants are
November 3, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
575
abundantly spontaneous wherever the conditions in
the Isast favour their growth. If the cabbage from
the ioBorescence should be preferred, the plants might
be gradually thinned out to rather less than half the
number first planted, and these allowed to grow on
alone to the flowering state, when the flower-spikes
would be gathered instead of cutting the trees down.
About half a dozen species o( this genus of Cabbage-
Palm are known, two or three of which are firmly
established, and grow self-sown in Georgetown, any
or all of which might be cultivated to produce more
plentifully than it is now to be obtained there, Palm-
cabbage. G. S, y.. Botanic Garden, British Guiana,
Aui;. 24.
%\n %
r.
STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LOA'DON,
For the Week ending Wednesday, October 31, 1883.
So . S--
T3 " I. S- *=
Temperature of
THE Air.
Hygrome-
trical De-
ductions
from
Glaishcr's
Tables 6th
Edition.
S'S's,
Oct.
In.
as
2<)-70
36
39.84
'7
299s
28
30.04
29
30.11
30
30.25
3"
30.t9
Mean
30.™
0. 02 60.9
-Ho.ii|S9
^■0.22 61.2
+0.3160. 0
+0.3757.0
+0.52153,5
o'"
E
C5mS
53.5 7 4 57.1+ 9-6 32.9
53.0 6.255.6+ 8.4 49-8,
I ! I, I I
49.012,254,3+ 7.450.1;
I I !_,_ J I
45.015.051.5 + 4.847.4
49.0 8.052.1'+ 5.530 9
I 1 I '
46,5 7 oso.i|+ 36146.4
47.5
ig.i 8.652.8 + 6.0J49.2 87
In.
W.
w.sw. "•"
S.S.W. 0,04
N.W. :
WNW °-™
E.
S.S.E "^
Fog.
F..N.E
W.SW,
E.S.E. ;
Oct. 23
Dark sky at
Fine day, bright at times in morning.
nigtic.
26. — Fine day and night ; dull.
27.— Fine and bright at times, dull mostly. Fine calm
night.
28. — Fine day, clear sky from lo A.M , overcast at s P.M.
Dark sky at night.
zg, — Thick fog all the morning, clear during the afternoon.
Fine night, dark sky.
30, — Fine, dull day and night.
31. — Fine day and night, dull.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending October 27 the reading of the barometer at the
level of the sea increased from 29.74 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.05 inches by 3 p.m. on
the 22d, decreased to 29.73 inches by 9 A.M. on
the 23d, increased to 29. S4 inches by 9 A.M. on the
24th, and decreased to 29.77 inches by midnight on
the same day, increased to 30.06 inches by 9 a.m.,
and decreased to 29.98 inches by midnight on the
25th, and was 30.20 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week was 29.93 inches,
being 0.03 inch above the average of the week, and
0.20 inch above last week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 6l°.2, on the 27th ; the highest
reached on the 22d was 49°, The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 56°- 9.
The lowest temperature was 37°, on the 27th ;
the lowest on the 25th was S3°.5. The mean of
the seven low night temperatures was 44°. 7.
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
19°,' on the 23d ; and the smallest was 6°, 2, on the
z5lh. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 12°, 2,
The mean temperatures were — on October 21,
46°. 5 ; on the 22d, 43°. 6 ; on the 23d, 48° ; on the
241h, 50°. 8 ; on the 25tb, 57°. I ; on the 26lh,
55°. 6 ; and on the 27th, 54°. 3 ; of these the first three
days were below their averages by 2°.$, 5°.I, and
o°.3 respectively, and the last four days were above
by 2°.9, 9°.6, S°.4, and 7°. 4 respectively.
The mean temperature of the week was 50°. 8,
being 0°.3 lower than last week, and 2°,9 above the
average of the week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 102*, on the 27th. The mean of the seven
readings was 85°.5.
The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb on short grass was 31*, on the 21st.
The mean of the seven readings was 37°.2.
Rain, — Rain fell on four days, to the amount of
0.22 inch,
England : Temperature. — During the week ending
October 27 the highest temperatures were 65°, 5 at
Cambridge, 62°. 2 at Leicester, and 62° at Truro,
.Shefiield, and Hull ; the highest at Preston was 56°,
at Kolton 56°.!, and at Bradford 57°.4. The general
mean was Sg^.Q,
The lowest temperatures in the week were 30°,5 at
Bolton, 31° at Truro, and { 32° at Sheffield; the
lowest temperature at Liverpool was 38°, I and at
Brighton, Blackheath, and Leicester v/as 37°, The
general mean was 34**. 5*
The greatest ranges of temperature in the week
were 31° at Truro, 30° at Sheffield, and 29°.5 at Cam-
bridge ; the smallest ranges were 20°. I at Liverpool,
23° at Preston, and 23°.$ at Brighton, The general
mean was 25°, 4,
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Cambridge, 58°.8, at Truro 57°.6, and at
Blackheath 56°.9 ; and was at Bradford 52°. 5, at
Preston 52°.6, and at Bolton 52°.9. The general
mean was 55". 4,
The means of the seven low night temperatures
was highest at Truro and Bristol, 46", and at Liver-
pool 45° ; and was lowest at Bolton, 39°. 2, at Wolver-
hampton 40".5, and at Hull 40°.6, The general
mean was 42°. S.
The mean daily range of temperature was gre.Tfest
at Cambridge, 16°. 2, at Iluil 15°. 6, and at Sheffield
I5°.3 ; and were least at Liverpool, 8°.9, at Bradford
Io°.2, and at Bristol 10°. 8. The general mean was
I2°.6.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 50°. 9,
at Blackheath 50°. 8, and at Bristol 50°, 5 ; and was
lowest at Bolton, f'45°. I, at Preston 46°. 2, and at
Wolverhampton 46°.4. The general mean was 4!S°.2.
Rain. — The largest falls were — 1.S3 inch at Bolton,
1.47 inch at Preston, and I. II inch at Bradford ; the
smailest falls were — 0.22 inch at Blackheath, 0.24
inch at Cambridge, and 0.26 inch at Brighton, The
general mean was 0.64 inch. Rain fell on every day
in the week at Bristol.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing October 27 the highest temperature was 57, at
Edinburgh and Greenock ; at Dundee the highest in
the week was 54°,6, The generai mean was 5S°.9,
The lowest temperature in the week was 29°,
at Glasgow and Perth ; at Greenock the lowest in
the week was 36°. The general mean was 3i'',4,
The mean temperature was highest at Edinburgh,
46", 6 ; and lowest at Perth, 44°.3, The general
mean was 45°. 3.
Rain. — The largest fall was 3.28 inches, at
Greenock ; and the smallest was 0.26 inch at Aber-
deen.
JAMES GLAISHER, F,R.S,
©ijituara).
*' At Pitcairlie, on the 23d uU., John Laing, in
his seventy-fifth year, forty-nine years head gardener
at Pitcairlie — much esteemed and deeply regretted by
Mr. Cathcart and the family." Such is the brief
record of the death of a man who for a long period
was known as one of the most successful gardeners in
Scotland. The marvellous crops of Grapes, Muscats
especially, which he annually grew for some years
were widely known, and attracted many visitors to
Pitcairlie. Kitchen gardening was also a speciality
with Mr. Laing, with whom close cropping and excel-
lent order were always carried out. He was one of
the most painstaking, industrious, and kindest of
men, and his death will be regretted by a wide circle
of friends.
Variorum.
NyMPH/EA Lotus Ortgiesiana. — There are
several varieties of this fine old Water Lily in
cultivation, differing more or less in the colour or size
of the flower, but the one under notice may claim
precedence as a really handsome and free flowering
sort that may with propriety be introduced to any, or
the most select collection of aquatics for the warm
stove. Even at this dull season a considerable dis-
play of bloom enlivens the tanks at Kew, and attracts
the attention of visitors, both by the size of the
individual flowers as compared with other species
presenting here and there a stray bloom, or by their
bright rosy colour. When fully expanded, a profusion
of orange-red stamens adds materially to their hand-
seme appearance. There is a figure of the species in
the Botanical Magazine^ 797, and it is described in
some books as pink, or in others as white-pink sepals.
This could easily be accounted for by the wide
geographical distribution it enjoys, and its consequent
likliability to varietal differences. The ample foliage
is beautifully scalloped, and communicates a crimp
appearance to the water where the margin comes in
contact. The seeds of this species were made into a
kind of bread by the ancient Egyptians.
Tree Growth in Florida. — In travelling
through these swampy woods I have been particularly
interested in noticing a striking peculiarity of nearly
all kinds of trees growing in water, or in places
frequently flooded with it. The peculiarity to which
I allude is a prominent bulging of growth near the
ground. Many trees have a butt which would
measure 2 feet through near the ground, and would
dwindle into a stem from 8 to 12 inches in diameter
4 feet above this widest point. This process of growth
does not seem to be confined to any single species of
tree, and although it is most pronounced and con-
spicuous in deciduous Cypress (Taxodium distichum),
yet it could be seen in Ashes, Maples, slightly in
Oaks, and quite distinctly even on some Pines, but
only in tress growing in wet ground. What parti-
cular purpose is served by this abnormal growth, or
what occasions it, I am unable to say. W. Saunders^
*' Observations on the Soil and Products of Florida.'^
" Ifc that qitcitioneih vitich shall learn ;««<:/(."— Bacon.
Belladonna Lilies. — Can any of your readers sug-
gest a reason for my Belladonna Lilies not flowering ? I
have a good many under my charge, some in pots, others
planted out under the wall of a stove, but cannot get a
flower from any of them. Some of the plants in pots I
have repotted ; others have not been disturbed (except a
little top-dressing) for the last three years ; but all with
the same effect. F. P,
C. W, Fagus sylvatica var.
Answers to Correspondents.
America : W, Easily. Advertise either in the Ameri-
can Gardeners' Monthly, published at 814, Chestnut
Street, Philadelphia ; or the American Agriculturist,
Broadway, New York.
Cyclamen Culture : \V. J. M, The phrase "con-
stant and unvarying heat " we take to be only another
way of saying "a regular and even temperature."
Nothing was said about fire-heat.
DouBLE-si'ATHED Arum : Parr. A common condi-
tion, of which we once gave a large illustration. Why
do not our gardeners try to perpetuate such occur-
rences ?
Fern-leaved Beech :
dissecta.
Forcing for Market : A. F. As soon as you please,
and the sooner the better, if you want a good return.
Medicinal Berberis : T. J. P. Berberis lyciuni.
Probably any of the species will answer the purpose.
Names of Fruit : Reader, Colinton. 1, Blenheim
Orange ; 2, StirUng Castle ; 3, Yorkshire Greening ;
4, Cellini ; 5, Ecklinville, probably. — S. B. O. 2,
rotten ; 3, Chaumonlel ; 4, Bergaraot d'Esperen ; 6,
Cox's Orange Pippin. — E. Burbcry, i, Beurr^ Ranee ;
2. Knight's Monarch ; 3, Vicar ot Winkfield ; 4,
Beurre Capiaumont ; 5, Passe Colmar ; 6, not known.
— 7. T. Mason. Mere scrubs \ ~ R, B. i, Cellini ;
2, HanweU Souring? 3, Winter Strawberry; 5,
Sturmer ; 6, Cat's Head. — 7- Day. 1, Van Mons
Leon Le Clerc ; 2, Helotte Dundas ; 3, Beurrt^ Hardy ;
4, Knight's Monarch ; 6, Verulara. — Pope 6^ Sons. 1,
Lane's Prince Albert ; 2, King of the Pippins ; 3,
Fearn's Pippin. — J, F, York, i, French Crab ; 2,
Early Nonpareil ; 3, Passe Colmar ; 4, Beurrt^ Ctair-
geau ; 5, Glou Mor9eau ; 6, Easter Beurre ; 7, Beurr^
Diel ; 8 and 9, Passe Colmar. — J. F. H. i, King of
the Pippins ; 2, ditto ; 3, Scarlet Nonpareil ; 6, Cal-
ville Blanche. Others not recognised.
Names of Plants : R. E. i, Anthoxanthum odoratum
Puelli. — F. J. T. I, Pyrus aria, var. grceca? 2, P.
pinnatifida ; 3. P. torminalis.— J*. G. The Wild
Gueldres Rose (Viburnum Opulus). — R. W. i, Erigeron
c^nadense ; 2, Erythrasa Centaurium. — C. Ncsbitt.
Not Veronica, but Polygonum vacciniifolium. — H. J.
Ross. Aspidium trifoliatum. — G. B. A. Epidendrum
radiatum. — A. R. L. A poor variety of Zygopetaluni
Mackayi. — Stuart &* Mein. We fail to identify it. —
H. B., Tanfield. A species of Eucalyptus, probably
E. globulus. — Miss Percival. Calvary Clover (Medi-
c^go echinus). — R. M E. A. i, Cupressus Lawsoni-
ana, golden var. ; 2, Cupressus Lawsoniana, erect
variety ; 3. Tamarix germanica ; 4, Cryptomeria ele-
gans ; 5, Thuia orientalis ; 6, Rhipsalis Cassytlia ; 7,
Vinca major foUis variegatis ; 8, Cephalotaxus For-
tunei.
Odontoglossum Roezlii : P. Marchand, Sangatuck,
U.S.A. The leaf sent shows traces of yellow thrips,
and also of a rust-like fungus, both peculiar to this
plant when it is badly cultivated. O. Roezlii, while
hking a warm, airy, light situation, is very impatient
of direct sunlight. It does well in pots in a shady
corner, where the warm-house Cypripediums are
grown, or on a shady shelf in the Phal?enopsis-house.
Syringing lightly twice a day when not in flower aids
much in giving vigour to the plants, and thus keeping
down the pests which beset it. Frequent dippings of
the heads of the plants in weak tobacco-water is also
576
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883.
very serviceable in the same direction. Use rain-water
only for this and all other Orchids. We will take an
early opportunity of noticing the culture of this plant
in our columns.
Single Dahlia : Kelway &■ Son. Your seedling single
Dahlia, James Kelway, is very pretty, and, we be-
lieve, distinct. It is not too large, good in shape,
white, with a well-defined purplish-rose margin to the
petals.
Strawberries in Autumn : .S. S. We believe you
are quite correct in your facts, but the gardens you
mention do not constitute Great Britain, and it must
do good to notice such things for the benefit of the
rising generation.
The Large Vine at Harewood : A'. F. J. Mr.
Barron states, in his Vines and Vine Culture, that the
Muscat of Alexandria is often called the Charlesworth
Tokay in the North of England, and alludes to the
Muscat of Alexandria at Harewood House as being
one of the largest examples known. This we take to
be conclusive.
Transplanting Evergreens : W. F. Portugal
Laurels are frequently moved by hundreds at this sea-
son : and, when done carefully, without any losses. If
planted early il will do no harm to cut-back shghtly a
few of their longest shoots, but severe pruning should
be left until the spring.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Dickson & Robinson, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester-
Fruit Trees.
Herkman a. Frommer, Budapest, Hungary — Farm
and Garden Seeds, Tree Seeds, &c.
Waite. Nash, Huggins & Co.. 79, Southwark Street,
S.E. — New and Choice Seeds.
Gaklies Mitchell, Stranraer — Forest and Ornamental
Trees, Roses, &c.
DiCKSONS & Co., I, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh —
Roses.
L. ]acob-Makoy et Cie., Liige, Belgium — Stove and
Greenhouse Plants.
Anthony Waterer, Knap Hill Nursery, Woking —
American Plaiits, Hardy Trees and Shrubs.
Fruit. — Average Wholesale Prices.
Communications Received.— G. B.— T. Dobson. — H. J. R.
— E. H.— C M. O.-R. G.-J. V. & Sons.-G. B.— W. E.—
T. W. B. & Sons,— J. E.-T. S. C— C. N.-G. B.-W. B. H.
— M. T. (ihanki.).— J. B.— B. C.-A. Grant.— J. C. (we did
not receive the canister).— W. M. G.— J. D.-E. O.-W. B.
— E. V. B.— D. T. F.— H. Witte.'Leiden — E. P.— H.— N. S.
— W. M.-J. H.-G. W.-Rev. S. L.— J. P.— G. C— Bell &
Sons. -J. k.— J. B. T.— A. S.
arhcts*
COVE NT GARDEN, November I.
[The subjoined reports are furnished to us regularly every
Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales-
men, v/ho revise the list weekly, and are responsible for the
quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations
are averages for the week prt ceding the date of our report.
The prices fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often
several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as
averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating
the price at any paiticular date, still less can ihey be taken
as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.].
Our market is more clear of common Apples. Good
samples are in fair demand, and prices have been well
maintained. Grapes heavy ; Cobs in demand at higher
quotations. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market,
Plants in Pots.— Aver
s. d. s d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.12 0-24 o
Arbor-vitae (golden),
per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o
— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Asters, per doz. .. 40-90
Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Bouvardias, doz. ..12 o 18 o
Caladiums, per doz. 6 0-24 o
Cluysanth., per doz. 6 0-18 o
Coleus, doz. . . ..20-60
Dracaena term. doz... 30 o 60 o
— viridis. per doz. . 12 0-24 o
Erica, various, doz... 9 o 18 o
Euonymus. vaiijus,
per dozen • . • • 9 0-18 o
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o
AGE Wholesale Prices.
s,d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 4 c- 9 o
Liliums, various, per
dozen . . ..iz 0-30 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. .. 8 0-12 o
Mignonette, doz. . . 40-60
Myrtles, p-rdoz, .. 6 c-12 o
Palms in variety.each 2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ..30 60
Solanums, per dozen 8 0-15 o
Ci/T Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.
. d. s. d.
Abutilon. 12 bunches z o- 4 o '
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 40-60
Asters, 12 bunches.- 4 0-12 c
— French, per bun. 10-30
Azalea, white, 12 spr. 10-20
Bouvardias, per bun. i o- 1 f
Camellias, per doz. . . 20-50
CJarnatioos, 12 blms. 10-30
— 12 bunches .. 30-60
Chrysanth,, 12 blms. 10-40
— 12 bunches .. 40-90
Cornflower. 12 bun.. 16-40
Cyclamen, 12 blooms 03-06
Dahlias, 12 bun. .. 20-40
Eucharis, per doz. .. 40-60
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 40-60
Gladioli, 12 spikes.. 10-30
Heliotropes, i2sp. .. 06-10
Hyacinths (Roman),
12 sprays .. ..20-40
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . . ..30-60
— red, 12 blooms.. 10-30
Lilac, white Fr.,bun. 8 o-io o
d. s. d.
Liliums, 12 blooms.. 06-16
Marguerites, 12 bun. 40-60
Mignonette, 12 bun, z o- 6 o
Myosoiis, or Forget-
me-not, p. 12 bun. 20-66
Narcissus (Paper-
white) .. ..20-40
Pansies, 12 bunches o g- i o
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 10-..
— zonal, 12 sprays 03-06
Primula, double, bun. I o- ..
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60
— (outdoor),i2bun. 30-63
— coloured, doz- .. 30-86
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 40-60
Sweet Peas, 12 bun. 20-40
Tropa;olum, 12 bun. 10-20
Tuberosss, per doz.. 10-20
Violets, 12 bunches.. 10-16
— French, per bun. 10-16
— Parme, per bun. 40-50
Wallflower, 12 bun.. 30-40
White Jasmine, bun. 06-10
s. d. s. d.
Apples, ^-sieve . . 1 c- 3 o
Cobs, per 100 lb... 115 0-125 o
FiEs, per dozen .. 10- ..
Grapes, per lb. .. 10-30
s.d. s.d.
Lemons, per case ..20 0-30 o
Melons, each.. .. 10-30
Pine-apples. Eng ,1b. 20-40
Vegetables —Average Retail Prices.
. d.
Globe,
Artichokes,
per doz. .. ..30-50
— Jerusalem, bush. 40-..
Beans, French, lb. . . 06- ..
— Scarlet, per lb. .. 03- ..
Beet, per doz. .. 10-..
Cabbages, per doz, .. 10-20
Carrots, per bun. . . 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 20-30
Celery, per bundle.. 16-26
Cucumbers, each .. 04-08
Endive, English, per
dozen . . ..10-..
Garlic, per lb. ..06-..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
Horse Radish, bund. 30-40
PoTATOS. — Kent Kidneys, £^ to £i los. per ton ; do.. Regents,
£^ ics. to ;^4 ics. ; Champions, ;^3 us. to ^^3 15s. per ion.
s. d. s. d.
Lettuces. Cabbage,
per dozen . . ..10-..
— Cos, per dozen. . i 6- ..
Mint, green, bunch . . 06-..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bunch . . o 6 ■ . .
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch.. 04-..
Radishes, per do7. .. 16-..
Salsafy, per bundle. . o 8- ..
Seakale, per puanet z fi- , .
Small salading, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..06-09
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 02-04
SEEDS.
London : Ocl. 31. — An improved demand for red
Clover seed is now experienced, and values are advancing.
Fine samples of foreign seed being scarce are inquired
for. Long prices are asked for white Clover seed, choice
qualities being in very short supply. There is no
change in either Alsike or Trefoil. In Italian Rye-grass
there is not much doing. A further advance is
demanded for Hemp seed, but Canary continues dull
and neglected. Spring Tares are firm. Linseed steady.
yoAn Sha-w &^ S^m■s^ Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane,
London, E.G.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday fine white Wheats were
steady at the previous Monday's rates, but red Wheats
showed easier rates on the se'nnight. For dry foreign
Wheats suitable for mixing there was rather a better
market than on Friday, but as compared with Monday
last all foreign Wheats were easier. Flour showed prices
also in favour of buyers, though not worse than last
reported. Fine malting Barley was firm, but other
grades 6d. and is. lowtr, as compared with rates a week
back. Grinding sorts are 6d. lower. There was a
decidedly better market for American mixed Maize.
Round corn closed without much alteration. Oats were
^d. lower than Monday se'nnight for common qualities.
— On Wednesday, after a limited business in Wheat, the
market finished quiet, with for English no improvement
upon Monday's rates, but white Wheats continued fairly
firm. Flour was dull. Barley generally firmer, and
grinding descriptions 2^. to 6d. dearer. Beans and Peas
were unchanged. Oats were slow, and prices steady.
Flat Maize was again dearer at zSs. on the spot ; round
corn steady at the same price. — Average prices of corn
for the week ending Oct. 27 : — Wheat, 40J. ; Barley, 351. ;
Oats, 19J. gd. For the corresponding period last year ;
— Wheat, 4or. -^d. ; Barley, 34-r. 4a'. ; Oats, 19J. lod.
CATTLE.
At the Metropolitan Market on Monday cattle supplies
were quite equal to demand, which was slack. Sheep
supplies included a large number of Danish, at $s. ^d. to
6s. ; and Canadian at average 5J. Zd. English sheep
were a slack sale at barely supported value. The
calf trade ruled dull. Quotations : — Beast, 3^. jod. to
55., and $s. ^d. to 6s. ; calves, 5^. to $s. 6d. ; sheep,
5J-. 4(/. to6j., and 6s. 8d. to 7J. 2d. — Thursday's trade
was firmer. Supplies were short ; both beasts and sheep
were in demand, and prices hardening. Calves were
scarce and dear, and pigs remained unaltered.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that large
supplies were on sale, but with a dull trade. Quotations :
— Prime old Clover, 1005. to ii^s. ; inferior, 60s. 1075^. ;
prime second cut, 90^. to loSs. ; best meadow hay,
80s. to gos. ; inferior, 40s. to 655. ; and straw, 30J. to
40^^. per load. — On Thursday a large supply of hay and
straw was on sale. The trade was very dull, and prices
were with difficulty maintained. — Cumberland Market
quotations : — Superior meadow hay, Sos. to gos. ; infe-
rior, 60s. to 72J. ; superior Clover, loos. to 112s. ; infe-
rior, 70J. to 84J. ; and straw, 341. to 46J. per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that good supphes were on offer, but demand dull, at
the following prices : — Magnum Bonums, 8oj. to 100s. ;
Regents, Sos. to looi. ; Champions, 6oj. to Sos. ; Roses,
60s. to 70J-. per ton. — The imports into London last
week consisted of 506 bags from Antwerp, 6549 Ham-
burgh, 17 Rotterdam, 10 baskets Terneuzen, 8 packages
St. Nazaire, and 844 tons from RoscofF.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, xjs. ; Walls End — Hetton,
17J. 6d. ; Hetton Lyons, i$s. 6d. ; Lambton, i6s. 6d.
and 17J. ; Wear, i5J-. and i^s. 6d, ; Caradoc, lys. 6d.;
Thornley, lys. ; Tees, i/s. 6d.
Government Stock.— Consols closed on Monday
at ioi| to ioi| for delivery, and 101^ to xoi^^ for
the account. Tuesday's figures were loig to loij for
both delivery and the account. The final quotations of
Wednesday were ioi| to 1015 for delivery, and loi^^^ to
ioi-i% for the account. As usual on November i (Thurs-
day), the Stock Exchange was closed.
HELLIWELIi'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY
REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAINTING
Adopted by His Royal Highness the Prwice of Wale
Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.
Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covered.
Plans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and
8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S.W.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and ptices, carriage paid to any sUlion
in England, ready glazed and painted : —
6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free,
12 feet long, 4 teet wide, ,, ,, n
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ .1
12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, >,
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
R. H A L I. I D A Y & CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G.
£,^ 15
4 15
3 15
6 10
W H LASCELLES and CO. iviU give Estmiates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours. , ,,,
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, BunhiU
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists ot Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application,
DEANE
CONSFRVATORIfS
CO.'S
GRFFNHnilSES.
The prices given include llKtCllNG COMPLETE, with
all necessary brickwork, S:c., within fifteen miles of London.
SPAN ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size 15ft. bygft. .. 20ft. by raft. .. 25ft. bytsft.
Price .. {,ia .. {.ii 10s. .. .£58.
LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE.
Size. . loft. by 6ft. laft. by 8ft. isf'. by loft. 20ft. by 12ft
Price. ;£i9 lor. .^23 loJ. ;£29 lOJ. . ^4°.
Proportionate prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates for Conservatories free.
THE LOUGHBOROUGH H'OT WATER APPARATUS,
;£4 45. — The simplest, cheapest, and most powerful, requiring no
Brick Setting, and no Hot-water Fitter for fixing. LlbTS free.
DEANE &
{^^■J^^\ LONDON
CO.,
BRIDGE.
^tGL^SSHOUSES&ii-EATiNGr
^^M^tEeWSl
CiirGHCATE ROAD OvONDON^m^
November 3, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
hll
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine on rail at 7i. 6rf. per ton— not less than 4-ton trucks
Teims cash.-Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigale.
Rhubarb and Seakale Forcing.
STRONG WELL-MADE POTS
for the above.
GARDEN POTS, ORCHID POTS, ALPINE POTS.
FERN PANS, SEED PANS,
and all kinds of GARDEN POTTERY of the best quality.
Price List Free.
J. M.\TTHEWS, Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
~ Eoslier's Garden Edging Tiles.
iiillii pill JgBl
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
a(e made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially ,^
suited for KITCHEN "^i
GARDENS, as ihey har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up tittle room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense, ^'"
as do "grown" Edgincs, consequentlv being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, '&c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior fini.'ih, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO.. Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street. Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,'
PLANT COVLRS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
OrnamentaTl pXving tiles,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c ,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kind-i. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates. Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Buck and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L V~^^ R~ S AND,
fine or coarse gram as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLIN I S and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantilie^^.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade,
^
"fSx
\i\j* 21 oz. Foreign, of the following
»^ sizes, In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, "'
3ds and 4tlis qualities always kept In stock :—
14X12
:6xi2
18x12
20 X 12
20X14
20X16
16X14
20X15
22 X 16
18X14
1SX16
24X16
20x18
22x18
24x18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
AU descriptioiis of British and Foreign Glass can be obtained
from
OEOBGE FAKMILOE & SONS,
GLASS, LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
S4. St. John'! Street, West Bmltbfleld, Lonilon, E,a
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in,, 20 in. by 18 in , in 16-oz.
and 21-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 3oo-ft. cases.
IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,
Iron and Wire Espalier, Ac, &c.
MATERIALS WIRING GARDEN WALLS.
GALVANISED.
iili|i|i|ill!liiiigaBB'
EYES, 7</. per doKn. HOLDFASTS, with
Winders, yr. per dozen, WIRE, aj. per ICO yards.
lUtiilralii CATALOGUE Frte on application.
BAYLISS, JONES & BATLISS,
VICTORI.\ WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON;
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London. E.C.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
The Best
^;^J and Quickest
made.
4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J, yi. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. td. each.
Price List on afifilicatioit.
STOVES.
Terra-Cotta ! Portable I For Coal I
ROBERTS'S PATENT.
Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for
about \d.^ without attention. For Greenhouses,
Bedrooms, or almost any purpose. Pamphlet
and authenticated Testimonials sent. In use
daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
To Nurserymen, &c.
BOILER. — A very powerful Cannon Boiler for
sale. Length, 4 feet ; width. 2 feet 4 inches ; height,
3 feet 4 inches. For particulars apply to
W. M. CROWE. Boleyn Nursery. Upton, Essex.
PRUNING MADE
SAFE and EASY.
This implement is unrivalled
for Pruning. Trimming, and
Thinniog-out Trees of all kinds,
Shrubs, Fruit Bushes, Vines, &c.
Is used in the Parks and Gardens
cf the Queen, H.R.H.the Prince
of Wales, the principal Nobility,
and is also ordered by Her Ma-
jesty's Commissioners of Works
and the Metropolitan Board of
Work5, to be generally adopted
in the Parks and Gardens under
their control. The leading Horti-
cultural Authorities join in the
universal opinion as to its being
the best tool for the purpose ever
: invented. Its length varies from
j 2 to 30 feet, and its price from
4,r. 6</. each. It is Sold by the prin-
cipal Ironmongers and Setdsmen, from whom Illustrated Price
Lists can be obiained. or of the Sole Proprietors and Makers.
THE STANDARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
Patentees and General Machinists. Strand Arcade, Derby.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GBNERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES,
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
FOSTER k PEAESOI, BEESTOI, lOTTS.
i^RYSTAL PALACE SCHOOL,
\J for the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES : Principal.
Mr, EnwAKD Mii.ni'.k. F. L.S. The study includes Engineer-
ing and other woiks, and all details ol Landscape Gardening.
Prospectus of the undersigned,
F. R. J. SHENTON, Supt. Educational Department,
Crystal Palace.
AccldeiitB!-64, ComMIi.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ^^ 1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Resarve, ;^35o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. / 1,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Cleiks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN. Secreury.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street. Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ;62oo,oc».— Reserve Fund, ^^75,000.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from £\q to
;£50oo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal
Also upon life policies and deeds at Z5 per cent, from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice.— Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
?ersons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused,
ersonal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ,£250,000 per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
(ESTABLISHBD l86 7^) _^_
Dr. Smiles' Works.
TAMES NASMYTH, ENGINEER : an
fJ Autobiography. With Portrait etched by Rajon, and 90
illustrations. Crown 8vo., i6i _
" The whole range of literary biography may be searched in
vain for a more interesting record of an active, useful, successful,
and happy life, than is presented by the delightlul auto-
biography of James Nasmyth."— -£i//«^wrfA Revtew.
" We should not know where to stop if we were to attempt to
notice all that is instructive and interesting in this volume. It
will be found equally interesting to students of hunian nature, to
engineers, to astronomers, and even to archaeologists. Among
other merits, there are few books which could be put with more
advantage into a young man's hands, as affording an example
of the qualities which conduce to legitimate success in work."
Quarterly Review.
LIFE of a SCOTCH NATURALIST.
New Edition. Portrait and illustrations. Post 8vo, 6s.
UTY : with Illustrations of Courage,
Patience, Endurance. Post 8vo, 6s.
ELF HELP : with Illustrations of Conduct
Perseverance. Post Svo, 6s.]
CHARACTER : a Book of Noble Charac-
teristics. Post Svo, 6s.
D
S
THRIFT : a Book of Domestic
Post Svo, '6^.
Counsel.
Iron
TNDUSTRIAL BIOGRAPHY:
J- Workers and Tool Makers. Post Svo, 65.
LIVES of the ENGINEERS. Illustrated
by 9 Steel Portraits and 342 Engravings on Wood.
5 vols., 7^. 6il. each.
THE HUGUENOTS: their Settlements,
Churches, and Industries in England and Ireland. Crown
Svo. 7^. 6d.
I>OBERT DICK: Baker of Thurso, Geo-
^ logist and Botanist. With Portrait etched by Rajon, and
numerous illustrations. Crown Svo, I2r.
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
ADKIEL'S ALMANAC, 1S84— Circulation
over 140,000 — contains Weather Predictions. Voice of
the Stars, Horoscope of Gambetta, &c. Zadkiel foretold the
Ischia Earthquake. Price 6t/.
COUSINS AND CO., 3, York Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Price 2</., by Post ^^d.
GREENHOUSE HEATING.— A series of Illustrated Articles
descriptive of the various methods of Heating Greeiihouses
and Conservatories by means of Hot Water, Steam, Flues, Gas
and Mineral Oils, is now appearing in the Friday issue of
THE BAZAAR.
May be had of all Newsagents. London Office, 170,
Strand. W.C. ; Birmingham Office. 29. Broad Street.
ROBINSON'S COUNTRY SERIES.
In Fcap. Svo, cloth, price i^. each, by post is. i<f.
THE GRAPE VINE, its Propagation and Culture. By John
SlMfSON.
THE APPLE, in Orchard and Garden. By James Groom.
THE LONDON MARKET GARDEN, or Flowers, Fruits,
and Vegetables, as grown for Market. By C. W. Shaw.
ASPARAGUS CULTURE, the best methods employed in
England and France. By James Barnes and W.
Robinson. F.L.S.
FRUIT CULTURE for PROFIT. By C. Hobdav.
THE POTATO in Farm and Garden, By R. Fremlin.
TOWN GARDENING, a Handbook for Amateurs. By
R. C. Ravenscroft.
In crown Svo. cloth, price is. 6d., by post is. &l4d.
MUSHROOM CULTURE, its Extension and Improvement.
By W. Robinson. F.L.S.
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE and SONS, Broadway, Ludgate
Hill, E.C.
OR Sale, Four Vols, of PHILIP MILLER'S
WORKS, viz, :—
Vol. I.— The Gardeners' Dictionary— Dale 1731.
Vol. II.— The Gardeners' Dictionary— Date 1740,
Vol I.— The Gardeners' Dictionary, 4th edition— Date 1743.
Gardeners' Kalendar — Date 1748-
Apply to FREDK. HUGHES, Overbury, Tewkesbury.
F
578
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
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THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.
EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER,
To any one who owns a Flower-Pot, a Garden, or a Farm,
It is Indispensable,
because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It is Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.
It Is always Seasonable.
because it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.
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because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
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least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
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In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles ofTered in our
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postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
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ROBINSON & CLEAVEB,
The Queem.
BEIiFAST.
JOHN LAING AND CO. regret that they
are unable to REPLY INDIVIDUALLY to the numer-
ous Applicants for the Head Gardener's vacancy Advertised in
the issue of October zo.
ANTED, a PARTNER, with some
Capital, for a Branch Nursery of 5}^ Acres of excellei t
Land, near Station on Main Line (Great-Western Railway) and
important bridge over Thames. Fashionable summer boating
place. An excellent position. No opposition. — Further par-
ticulars on application to W. WEALE, Taplow, Bucks.
ANTED, a PARTNER, in an Old-Estab-
lished RUSTIC and FLORAL BUSINESS. To
take the place of one retiring through ill health. Good chance
for an energetic Man.— Particulars of BETTS and JOHNSON,
Estate Agents, near Etreatham Common Station, S.W.
ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER,
competent to Grow well a Small Collection of Stove
and Greenhouse Plants and Orchids : there is also a Vinery,
The assistance of a boy is given. No house or perquisites.
Wages 30s. a-week.— Apply to Mr. JAMES BROCKBANK,
Solicitor, Whitehaven. Cumberland, stating age. experience,
and particulars of present employment, and givmg references.
WANTED, for a Private Situation, a tho-
roughly experienced GARDENER.— Vineries, Stove
and Greenhouse ; able and willing to make the Glass sufficiently
profitable to pay wages for himself and an Under Gardener.
Cottage rent-free. — Apply, in first instance, to H. DALE, High
Road, Lee.
November 3, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
579
WANTED, a GARDENER, as TENANT
for a few Forcing Houses, or to Grow Produce on
Commission. About ^io3 required. — X., Smith's Bookstall,
Vaiixhall Station. S.W.
ANTED, as FOREMAN, with good
address, a working peiseveritiR Man, who thoroughly
understands the Laylng-out and Planting Large or Small
Estates, Preparing Plans and Estimates, a good Manager of
Men. Liberal and progressive salary to a worthy man. —
Apply by letter, to EDWIN HOLLAMBY, the Nurseries,
Groombridge, Tunbridge Wells.
Foreman, and Market Plant Grower.
WANTED, a first-class GROWER for
Covent Garden Flower Market, Pot Plants and Cut
Blooms, with character for sobriety, honesty, aod abiUiy, from
3 similar situation. Must be able to Direct and Superintend
the Management of a large place.— A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle
Otlice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
WANTED, a MAN, thoroughly versed in
ordinary Kitchen and Flower Gardening. Will be
required to Clean Boots and Knives, and do such-like odd jobs.
Rooms and beddine, but no furniture. —Apply, stating wages
required, to J. D., The Grange, Hampton, Middlesex.
ANTED, a GROWER of^ROSES and
PELARGONIUMS for the London Markets.-Apply
to R. CHILDP, Florist, 65, Rye Lane, Peckham, S.E.
WANTED, FLORIST'S LEADING
HAND. — A Lady experienced in Making-up, who is
a good Saleswoman, will be liberally treated with, — Write, with
full particulars as to capabilities, to J. POUNCE, iS, West-
bourne Grove, London, W.
WANTED, an energetic, thoroughly trust-
worthy young MAN, to take charge of a Small Florist
and Seed Busmess. Character must bear strict investigation.—
S. MAHOUD AND SON, Putney, S.W.
Seed Xrade
WANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN.
— Apply, stating age, experience, and salary required,
D. CUTHBtR, 12, Clayton Square, Liverpool.
WANT PLACES.
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
RB. LAIRD AND SONS (successors to the
• late Firm of Downie & Laird) can at present recom-
mend with every confidence several first-rale SCOTCH GAR-
DENERS, whose character and abilities maybe thoroughly de-
pended upon, either for Large Establishments or Single-handed
Situations; also FOREMEN, UNDER GARDENERS, and
FARM BAILIFFS.— 17. Frederick Street, Edinbureh,
BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be made. — Hollowav, N,
I C H A R D SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
RCHID GROWER, or HEAD GAR-
DENER. — Has a thorough knowledge of the profession
in all its branches. Can be well recommended. — W. MAY,
22, Great Quebec Street, Montague Square. London, W,
G' ARDENER (Head). — No family;
thoroughly practical in all branches. Twenty-two
years' character. — S. D., Thomas Perkins & Sons, 34, Drapery,
Northampton.
GARDENER (Head).— ^s^BoniTs^wiir be
paid to any one procuring me a situation where several
men are employed.— JOHN HILL, Post Office, Syston,
Leicestershire.
GARDENER (Head); age 31.— i;5 Bonus
to any person who may be the means of the Advertiser
securing a suitable situation. First-class character and references,
— M., Mrs. Ackrill, 12, North Row, Park Lane, W.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, one
child (11 years) ; eighteen years' practical experience in
first-class situations. — J. KEELING, Mount View, Glossop
Road, Sheffield.
GARDENER (Head), where two or more
are kept. — Several years' practical experience in all
branches of the profession ; good character from present and
previous situations. — GEORGE PARR, The Gardens, Sun-
dorno Castle, Shrewsbury.
ARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married ;
twenty years' experience in all branches. Nearly seven
years in present situation, where seven hands are kept ; leaving
ihrough death of employer. Good character.— HEAD GAR-
DENER, Ayot St. Lawrence. Welwyn, Herts.
ARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— J. Sherwin,
Gardener, Picton Castle, Pembrokeshire, would be pleased
to recommend his son to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a
good practical Gardener. Three and a half years in present
situation as Foreman. — Address as above.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married;
eighteen years' practical knowledge in all branches ; great
experience in Estate Alterations, Laying-out New Gardens;
Advice in Erection of Greenhouses, Vineries. &c. — E. C. G.,
Little Compton, Moreton-in- Marsh, Gloucestershire.
GARDENER (Head) ; age 28.— R. Walton,
Gardener, Hilton Park, Wolverhampton, would be glad
to recommend R. Sharpe, who has been with him four and a naif
years as Foreman, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a prac-
tical Gardener.— Address as above.
GARDENER (Head). — Age 31, married;
well experienced in all branches ot the profession. Five
and a half years' good character from present situation. Leaving
tiirough death of employer.— A. BARKER, Warmsworth Hall,
Doncasler, Yoiks.
GARDENER (HEAD); age 31, married, one
child. —A Gentlhman is anxious to recommend his late
Gardener, who is an able and efficient man, thoroughly
understanding his business in all its branches. — G. U., 3<j,
Norlhwood Road, Archway Road, Highgate, N.
ARDENER (Head).— To any Lady or
Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical,
trustworthy man the Advertiser might be reli-^d on, having for
twenty-two years most satisfactorily to his employer (now
deceased) conducted the Gardens, together with other things
entrusted to his care. — A. B. DEVON, Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 41, Wellington Street, W.C.
C:j.ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38,
* m.irried, two children ; understands Vines, Melons,
Cucumbers, Siove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen
Gardening. Good character. — E. C., a, Flexton Terrace, Rye
Common, Herts.
ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30 ;
sixteen years' practical experience in Early and Laie
Forcing of all Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables. Flower and
Kitchen Garden. Highly recommended. No single-handed
place accepted. — W. HEAD, 12, Salisbury Road, Upper
Holloway, N.
GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.—
Mr. B. Bealk, Gardener to E. A. Hambro, Esq ,
HayesPlace, Hayes, Beckenham.Kent, can wuh every confidence
recommend his Foreman, Charles Blick, who has been with him
two and a half years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the
services of a thorough good Gardener. First-class character and
testimonials.
:^ARDENER (Head Working), or FORE-
MAN In a good establishment. — Age 27, single ; fourteen
years* good practical experience. Can produce first-rate testi-
monials.—F. A., 6, Dunollie Road, Kentish Town, London, N.W
'(^ARDENER.— Age 25; eight years' Gar-
VX dener to the late Mr. J. K. Scott, of Walthamstow.
Understands Orchids. Good references. — B. SHIP, Mrs.
Scott. The Drive, Walthamstow.
G
GARDENER (Single-handed, or where
help is given). — Age 26, married, one child ; good charac-
ter,—M. G., Aston-le- Walls, Byhelds, North Hams.
GARDENER (Single-handed or Second).
— Can manage Live Stock. Seven years' character.
Handy man.— J. McKAY, Enfield Wash, Middlesex.
ARDENER (Second), or to take charge of
small place. — Age 25, single ; has had good experience,
and can be highly recommended. — Please state particulars to
ALFRED PEPPER, Rev. A. Carter, Tewin, Hertford.
GARDENER (Under). — Three years'
excellent character.— H. WALKER, The Gardens, The
Leazes, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire.
GARDENER (Under), where one or two
are kept, or Singlh-handhd and to make himself
generalUy useful. — Age 24 ; good references. — G. P., 11, Frith's
iJuildingx, Eltham, Kent.
FOREMAN, in a first-class establishment. —
Age 25 ; five years in Rule Hall Gardens, one and a half
year in present situation ; ten years' experience.—GEORGE
GREEN, The Gardens, Trentham Hall, Stoke-on-Trent.
FOREMAN; age 24.— Chas. Towers,
Gardener to Sir John Thorold, Bart., Syston Park,
Grantham, would be glad to recommend his Foreman (John
HallJ to any Gentleman's Gardener in want of a steady, per-
severing, and deserving young maru Total abstainer.— Address
as above.
To Nurserymen.
PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24 ;
ten years" experience in Propagating and Growing Soft-
wooded Plants. Well recommended.— H. EDEN, 12, York
Street, Butts, Coventry.
OREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and
GROWER. — Single; many years' practice, under Glass,
with Roses, Grapes, Ferns, Bulbs, and all Flowering Plants for
Cut Blooms and Market. Seven years' character. — H. J. P.,
10, Haviland Terrace, Defoe Road, Lower Tooting, Surrey, S.W.
OREMAN and PROPAGATOR (Hard-
wooded), where Roses, Rhododendrons, Clematis, Ivies,
Conifers, and all Hardy Plants are required in quantity. —
Eleven years' experience. Character and ability will bear strict
investigation. — H. ABEAR, Messrs. Lee's Nurseries, Wood
l.ane, Isleworth.
OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN,
in a good establishment. — Ten years' practical experience ;
four years in last place ; highly recommended. — FRED.
FLETCHER. Higher Bank, Halliwell, Bohon.
ROPAGATOR and GROWER of Hard
and Soft-wooded Plants, Cut Bloom, &c., for Market ; or
could take the Management. — W., 23, Bretenham Road,
Edmonton.
JOURNEYMEN, private or Nurseryman's
establishment.— Quick, strong, and experienced.— S. B.,
Gardeners Chronicle Oidc^, 41, Wellington Steel, Strand, W. C.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ;
no objection to pay small Premium in good establishment.
—P. JONES, Little Ouseburn Post-office, York.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good
establishment— Age 23 ; Scotch. Good references from
present and previous employers. Cause of leaving, the estab-
lishment been sold. — J. F., Middleton House, Ringford Road,
Wandsworth, S.W.
OURNEYMAN (Indoors or Out), in a
good establishment. — Age rg ; five years' good reference
from present employer.— W. HUGHES, The Gardens, Winlot
Hall, Bewdley, Salop.
To the Trade.
PLANT GROWER.-Age 24 ; has a good
knowledge of Ferns, Stove and Soft-wooded Plant Grow-
ing. Good references.— E. WARDEN, 4, Thorpe's Cottages,
Longlands Park, SidcuiS.
MANAGER, to Grow for Market extensively,
Fruit, Roses, Orchids, and all requirements of a first-
ch-iss Trade.— Age 38,— BETA, 10, Stockwell Park Road
Clapham, S.W.
MANAGER, of a Small Country Nursery or
Farm.— Married ; respectable. Understands Nursery
Tr.ide, Propagation of Bedding Plants, and General f Ireenhouse
Work.— W.. 267, Shakespeare Road, Heme Hill, S.E.
O NURSERYMEN.— The Advertiser, who
is proceeding almost immediately to the United Slates,
would be glad to hear of a COMMISSION for the Sale o(
Orchidfj Palms, Roses, Rhododendrons, &c. Gond Trade
connection.— Address, in first instance, X. Y. 7... Gardeners'
Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
Seed Trade.
TMPROVER. — Age 19 ; has assisted at
J- Counter in a good Retail House. Can be well recom-
mended.—ARTHUR CROOT, Grantchester. Cambs.
TMPROVER"r^Wanted, by a"^oung~man
-L (age 21), who has a good character Irom Lord Middleton's
Head Gardener, a place as above. — C, P., Mr, Grant, Butcher,
Rugeley.
T^O NURSERYMEN7&C.— Situationwanted
-L in Nursery or Greenhouses by a young man ; over three
years' experience. Good references.— H. G , Field View,
Wollaston. Stourbridge.
To HEAD GARDENERS and NUR-
SERYMEN.— Wanted to place a Voulh (ace n years)
to learn Growing Fruit and Flowers.— State terms, &c., to
Z. v.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.
To Nurserymen.
"XJURSERY FOREMAN, or TRAVELLER.
■^^ —Advertiser will shortly complete his engagement with
Messrs. Thomas Imrie & Sous, with whom he has been em-
ployed during the past four years. Has travelled the principal
Trade in Scotland. England, and Ireland, and has a good con-
nection. Is thoroughly conversant with the business in all its
branches.— JOHN BROWN, Nursery House. Ayr, N.B.
npRAVELLER, or NURSERY FOREMAN.
-*- — Had twenty-five years' experience in largest Provincial,
Scotch and English Nurseries. Accustomed to travel, and with
lirst-rate connection.— R. H., Messrs. Hurst K: Son, i'52,
Houndsditch.E.C.
Tj^QUATORIAL TRAVELLER.— A young
J— ^ GERMAN (age 25). free from military service, speaking
French and English, experienced Gardener and excellent
Botanist, wants a situition as Equatorial Traveller in an
Establishment for introduction of New Plants.— Address, S.,
2488, Messrs, Haasenstein & Vogler, Kcenigsberg. i. Pr.
SHOPMAN (MANAGING).— Age 23, married ;
good experience in all the different branches, including
Buying. Publishing of Catalogues, &c. Eight years'experience.
Highly recommended. Thoroughly steady, honest, trustworthy,
and of good address.— J. A. L., 354, Vork Road, Wandsworth.
London, S.W.
To the Seed Trade.
^HOPMAN (Second).— Over seven years'
^ experience ; first-class references.— M. R., 26, Red Lion
Square, Hclborn, W.C.
HOPMAN or ASSISTANT, in a good
House.— Age 25 ; ten years' experience. Highly recom-
mended^—T^2^^^J^^^Vough^ Seedsman, Preston.
A SSISTANT, or INVOICE CLERK.— Age
-^^^ 21, respectable : can offer good references.— WEL
LINGTON, 9t, Fernlea Road, Balham, S.W.
Seed Trade.
A SSISTANT.— Age 21 ; has had three years'
-^^ experience in a large Wholesale London House.— S.,
9, Tolmer's Square, Hampstead Road, London. N.W.
To the Seed Trade.
A SSISTANT, in Shop or Warehouse.— Age
-i^^ 20 : two years* experience. Good character and refer-
ences.—OMEGA, 7. Charles Street, Northampton.
GRATEFUL— COMFORTIN G.
EPPS'S COCOA.
BREAKFAST.
'* By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern
the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli-
cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Kpps
has provided our breakfast-ubles with a delicately flavoured
beverage which may save us many heavy doctors's bills. It is
by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution
may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every
tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating
around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak pomt. We
may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified
with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Sendee
Gazette.
Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in
Packets, labelled thus : —
JAMES EPPS &; CO., Homceopathic Chemista,
London. England.
HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS
will be found the best friend to persons afflicted with
Ulcerations, Bad Legs, Sores, Abscesses, Fistula, and other
painful and complicated complaints. Printed and very plain
directions for the application of the Ointment are wrapped
round each pot. Holloway's alterative Pills should be taken
throughout the progress of the cure, to maintain the blood in a
state of perfect purity, and to prevent the health of the whole
body being jeopardised by the local ailments ; Bad Legs, old
age's great grievances, are thus readily cured, without confining
the patient to bed, or withdrawing from him or her the nutritious
diet and generous support so imperatively demanded when
weakening diseases attack advanced years or constitutions
evincing premature deoeptitude.
S^
58o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 3, 1883.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, \\th edition, price \s.
Price liist on application Free.
Gold and suver Medals, also Hot-watep and Hot-aJf Appapatus erected Complete, or the
Special Certlflcate, . . r r . ... r J
Awarded May 22, 18S3.
Materials supplied.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
P A X T O N'S C A L E N D A R .
NOW READY, A REVISED EDITION 01
The COTTAGER'S Calendar
OF
GARDEN
OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMP.ILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON. M.R
Price 3d.; post-free, 3id.; 20s. per 100.
If ordered in quantities of not less than 200, Carriage will be paid to any part of the United Kingdotn.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O.
Price IS. stitched.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS.
A POPULAR EXPLANATION OF THE BEST METHOD OF CULTURE.
By WILLIAM EARLEY.
A New Editioti. Fcap. Cloth. Price "js.
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN.
A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE MANAGEMENT AND ADORNMENT
OF GARDENS OF EVERY SIZE.
Crown 8w, with Coloured Frontispiece. Price 4^. 6d.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A HANDY MANUAL FOR THE IMPROVED CULTIVATION OF ALL VEGETABLES.
By WILLIAM EARLEY, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c.
London : BRADBURY, AQNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
of every description con-
structed, erected, fitted,
and heated.
I Iltustrated CATALOGUE Ftee
iT.H.P.Dennis&Co.,
Chelmsford, Essex.
London Office :
Mansion House Buildings.
\
Editorial CommuDications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher/* at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 4:, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, November 3, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
egtatjlisjjeti 1841.
No. 515.— Vol. XX-Ise/hLI SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1883.
fRegUtercd at the Genera
Posl-oiTicc as a Ncwspapci
'}
Price 5d.
PoST-lKEli, 5J1/.
CONTENTS.
America, Central, the Kitchen garden, tlie .. 595
climate of .. .. 599 Kumara, the .. .. 6oi
Appleexhibition in March 602 Lettuces, disease of .. 600
Apples and Apple shows 602 Masdevallia brevis _ .. 588
lielgian garden, a .. 589 Meconopsis nepalensis . . 603
Belladonna Lilies . . 604 Newcastle parks and gar-
Rees and blue flowers . . 593 dens 590
Benzoin . . . . . . 596 Odontoplossum Pesca-
Books, notices of . . . . 594 torei SchrOderianum . . 588
Borough of Hackney Odontoglossum grande.. 594
ChTysanthetnum So- Orchids. Mr. J. E.
ciety 59S Sonny's . . . . 594
Eouvardia strigosa .. 594! ,, and Nepenthes .. 596
Cestrum nociurnum . , 605 ,, list of garden . . 606
Christmas Rose, the true 591 Osmanthus aquifolium .. 605
Chrysanthemum shows 604 , Peaches and Nectarines . 595
„ Society, a national . 598 1 Physiology, the province
Covent Gardeu Market . 599 I of . . . . . . . . 598
Cucumbers .. .. 595 1 Plant portraits .. .. 600
Cupressus macrocarpa . . 603 Plants and their culture . 594
Dracaina Smithii.. .. 597 I ,, new garden .. 588
Erica Cavendishiana .. 596 . Potato, a new species .. 596
Fenham Nurseries, the.. 589 Pyracantha berries .. 596
Florists' flowers . . . . 606 Pyros pinnatiBda . , 603
Flower market, a . . 592 Rain-gauges, gratis . . 598
Flowers m season .. 605 Roses on Tweedside .. 588
Fruit tree planttog . . 604 Salvia discolor . . . . 588
Fuchsia exoniensis .. 604 Seeds, the germination of 592
Gardeners, to the rescue . 589 I'huias, browning of ,. 596
Gardeners' societies .. 600 Tom-tits .. .. .. 603
Gardenias , , . . . . 603 Trade memorandum . . 592
Graft-changed Pear . . 603 Variations in Nature . . 598
Grape Golden Queen .. 63 Violets, white, turning
Heaths at Kingston .. 597 'blue .. .. .. 604
Kiosk in Regent's Park 593 Weather, the , . . . 607
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Belgian Garden, plan of a 589
Erica Cavendishiana .. .. .. .. .. .. 597
Kiosk in Regent's Park, the . . . . . . . . . . 593
Kumara, the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Peronospora ganglioniformis .. ., 600
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS attd OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
Soulh KensiDgton. S.W.
NOTICE I — COMMITTEES MEETINGS, Fruit and
Floral, at ii A.M. : SCIENTIFIC, at i P.M., on TUESDAY
NtXr, November 13.
UTNEY and DISTRICT CHRY-
SANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The SIXTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION of the above
Society will be held at the Assembly Rooms, High Street,
Putney, on TUESDAY, November 13. Schedules and Entry
Forms on application to
Windsor Nurseries, Putney, S.W.
J. A. MAHOOD.
BOROUGH of HACKNEY CHRYSAN-
THEMUM SOCIETY.
ROYAL AQUARIUM, WESTMINSTER, WEDNESDAY
and THURSDAY, November 14 and 15. The following
amounts are offered in Prizes : —
About SIXTY POUNDS for Cut Blooms.
„ FORTY-FIVF, POUNDS (or Specimen Plants.
„ TWENTY-SIX POUNDS for Fruits and Vegetables.
,. TWENTY POUNDS for Grapes, &c., &c.
Schedules are now ready, and may be had on application to
WILLIAM HOLMES, Honorary Secretary.
Frampton Park Nursery, Hackney, London, E.
STAINES, EGHAM, and DISTRICT
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The SECOND GRAND SHOW of CHRYSANTHE-
MUMS and AUTUMN FLOWERS will be held at the
Literary Institute, Egham, on THURSDAY, November 15.
THOS. J. RAWLINGS, Secretary.
Windsor Street, Chertsey.
KINGSTON and SURBITON
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The SEVENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held
in the Drill Hall, Kingston, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY,
November 15 and 16; when, in addition to valuable Money
Prizes, the CHAMPION CHALLENGE VASE, value
25 Guineas, will be competed for. For Schedules and further
particulars, apply to _. T,p..cnM H„„ Q„
Fife Road, Kingston. 1. JACKSON, Hon, Sec.
"ROYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL-
-Lt TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER and the
NORTHERN COUNTIES. — CHRYSANTHEMUM
SHOW, in the Town Hall, Manchester, on TUESDAY,
November 20. For Schedules apply to the undersigned.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester. BRUCE FINDLAY.
WICKENHAM HORTICULTURAL
and COTTAGE GARDEN SOCIETY
AUTUMN SHOW at the Town Hall, NOVEMBER 20
and zi. Admission, 20th, 2 to 7 p.m., \s. ; 8p.M., Promenade
Conceit, 2 J. 6(/.; 21st, 10 a.m. to 5 p m., iid. ; 5P.M.to6. 30 PM,
■^d. 7. 30, Concert, xs.
ALEXR. ALLFREY, Hon. Sec.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
HORTICULTURAL and BOTANICAL SOCIETY.
A GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW, B'RUIT, and
POTATO EXHIBITION, will be held at the Mechanics-
Hall, on WEDNESAY and THURSDAY, November at and
22. Schedules, Entry Forms, and all other information can be
obtained from ^^^^^^ pgj^ ^^^ STEWARD, Hon. Sees.
Mechanics' Institute, Nottingham.
BRISTOL CHRYSANTHEMUM
SOCIETY.
The TWENTIETH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be
held on NOVEMBER 21 and 22, at the Victoria Rooms, Clifton.
For Schedules and further information apply to
Wcstbury-on-Trym, Bristol. ^EO. WEBLEY, Hon. Sec.
EADING HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
A CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW fin connection with the
above) will be held at Reading, on NOVEMBER 22. Regula-
tions and Schedule of Prizes on application to
97, London Street, Reading. ^M. SMITH, Seoetary.
TPSWICH and EAST of ENGLAND
X HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
A GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM and FRUIT SHOW
will be held in connection with the above Society, in the
Corn Exchange, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY, November
22 and 23. Entries Close November 17. Schedules may be
obtained on application to the
Rev. HUGH A. BERNERS, Hon. Sec.
Harkstead Rectory, Ipswich.
BOUVARDIAS. — TO THE TRADE.—
Special low offer of the following : — Alfred Neuner (double
white). President Garfield (double pink), and Humboldti
corymbiflora, nice vigorous stuff, in 6o's and 48's. Write for
prices and sample plant to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and
238, High Holborn. London, W.C.
TUBEROSES. — TO THE TRADE. —
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE have
received their Second Consignment of AFRICAN TUBE-
ROSES, in fine condition, and will be pleased to quote special
prices to large buyers on application.
237 and 238, High Holborn, London, V/.C.
ARNATION, "MARY MORrTs7'
Plants now ready for delivery.
First-class Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
1882. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, of
great size, very full, and of perfect shape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardefiers' ChromcU, August 4, 1883, page 146.
Price and all particulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.~2o,ooo White, Cut
Blooms, to offer ; fine, under glass, Elaine and Mrs. G.
Rundle, at per dozen, loi.or 1000.
R. LOCKE, Red Hill, Surrey.
To Nurserymen. Private Growers, &c.
ACATTANEO, Commission Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Garden,
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.
MESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and reTerences on application.
WANTED, EUCHARIS, STEPHA-
NOTIS, GARDENIAS, ORCHIDS. ROSES,
White CAMELLIAS, TUBEROSES, Double PRIMULA,
CHRYSANTHEMUM (large blooms with long stalks),
BOUVARDIAS, White AZALEAS, and other choice CUT
FLOWERS.
N.B.-SPIR^,A JAPONICA, LILY of the VALLEY,
LILIUMS. and numerous other PLANTS and BULBS to
offer, at low .prices.
W. DEN Man, Salesman and Horticultural Agent, Covent
Garden, W.C.
WANTED, Transplanted QUICKS, i to 2
feet. Send sample per parcels post only, stating quantity
to offer, and lowest price to
WM. WOOD AND SON, Maresfield, Uckfield, Sussex.
WANTED, 5000 well-rooted clean grown
Common ASH, 4 feet and above ; also loco BEECH,
same height. State lowest price for cash to
S. MAYOR. 6, Coronation Street, Albion Street, Leeds.
Notice to Senders.
WANTED, GRAPES, TOMATOS, MARIE
LOUISE PEARS, &c. Also STEPHANOTIS,
EUCHARIS. GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES, Mar^chal Niel
and other ROSES; White CAMELLIAS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Ftuit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, W.C.
ANTED, White Elephant POTATOS.
Qurte per Ton to
HOOPER AND CO., Ccvent Garden. London, W.C.
s
s
UTTON'S Collections of HYACINTHS
for Pots and Glasses.
o
UTTON'S SPECIAL EXHIBITORS*
COLLECTIONS.
2S splendid varieties, 43*. \ Carriage
12 ,, „ 21J. ) Free.
NE^UNDRED HYACINTHS in loo
very choice sorts, 841. Carriage free from Sutton & Sons.
o
F
,NE HUNDRED HYACINTHS in 50
very choice sorts, 701. Carriage free from Sutton & Sons.
IFTY HYACINTHS in 50 very choice
sorts, 42J. Carriage free from Suiton & Sods.
FIFTY HYAC'iNTHS in 25 very choice
sorts, 35^. Carriage free from Sutton & Sons.
F
TWENTY-FIVE HYACINTHS in 25 very
choice sorts, ^\s. Carriage fi'ee from Sutton & Sons.
T
WELVE HYACINTHS in 12 extra fine
sorts, I2J., from Sutton & Sons.
TWELVE HYACINTHS in 12 choice sorts,
9f.. from Sutton & Sons.
TWELVE HYACINTHS in 12 good sorts,
6j., from SuttoD & Sons.
s
UTTON AND SONS,
The Queen's Seedsmen,
"READING, BERKS.
Tbe Best WUte LUy.
L ILIUM PHILIPPINENSE is the most
handsome White Lily in cultivation. Price loj. dd. each,
4 guineas per dozen.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 5}6, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
A Q U I L E G I A GLANDULOSA
-^^ (GRIGOR'S. guaranteed true).
Twelve Plants of this beautiful Columbine, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kingdom, at 6s. per
dozen. Cash with order.
JOHN GRIGOR ano CO., The Nurseries, Forres, N.B.
FRANCIS BELL, Nurseryman, Easing-
wold, offers for sale 2,000,000 LARCH, 2 to 5 feet,
recently transplanted, with good leads and well rooted, at
greatly reduced prices.
Flue Transplanted Larch, all sizes.
W JACKSON and CO., Nurseries, Bedale,
• have very fine Trees to offer this season. Buyers will
be supplied with Samples and Prices on early application.
November i, 1H83.
UTTINGS of CALCEOLARIA " GEM "
(First-class) for Sale, at 71. 6(/. per 1000. — Apply
T. A. SKENE. Rose Cottage, High Road, Leytonstone, E.
Cash with order.
TRAWBERRIES— Next Summer, by
planting now : capital roots, 4J. per 100 ; (id. extra per ico
for delivery by Parcels Post. In a Few Months, by foroing :
plants in pots, 16^. per 100. Only the best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from laf. to 24,1. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants. Worcester.
B
RAMLEY'S SEEDLING APPLE.
Certificated at the Great Apple Congress in London.
DWARF MAIDENS, is. M. each.
„ BUSH, IS. each.
STANDARD, s feet boles, is. 6d. each.
HENRY FRETTINGHAM, Beeston Nurseries, Notts.
Vines -Vines— Vines.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, have this season, as
usual, a splendid stock of VI N ES, suitable for Fruiting in Pots
and Planting Vineries, Also a fine stock of Mar^cnal Niel,
Gloiie de Dijon, and other TEA ROSES.
Descriptive Priced LIST on application.
The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
OSES, TREE CARNATIONS,
CLIMBERS, &c.
My CATALOGUE of above is now ready, and contains, in ad-
dition to above. Selections of PANSIES, BEDDING VIOLAS,
CLOVES, CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, PHLOXES, PY-
RETHRUMS, DELPHINIUMS, and many others.
THOS. S. WARE. Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
Firms in tlie Nursery and Seed Trade
wishing to publish their announcements in Ireland, will find
THE IRISH FARM, FOREST, and
GARDEN, an excellent medium. Specimen Copies,
Scale of Charges. &c , t n application to
Mr. THOS. MOORE, Sole Proprietor, 30, Lower Oimond
Qmy, Dublin.
582
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION,
Dutch Bulbs.-Great Unreserved Sales.
Every MONDAY. THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C., every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and SATURDAY, at half-past ii o'clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS. CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Hol-
land, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers,
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Feltbaia, Middlesex.
Within 10 minutes' walk of the railway station,
WITHOUT THE SLIGHTEST RESERVE.
GREAT UNRESERVED SALE, under the Will of the late
Mr. Charles Lee.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre-
mises. Lee's Nursery, Feltham, and Hounslow Heath, Middle-
sex, on TUESDAY, November 13, at 12 o'clock punctually, a
portion of the beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK, which
has been carefully prepared for transplanting. It includes a
great variety of handsome Specimen Coniferae, from 2 to 7 feet :
2000 Golden Yews, i to 4 feet ; 700 Cedrus Deodara. 3 to 7 feet ;
100 Wellingtonia gigantea, 2 to 4 feet ; 300 Abies Engelmanni ;
2000 Ponticum Rhododendrons, ij^ to 2^ feet, many well
budded ; several hundreds of Common Hollies, 7 to 8 feet,
recently transplanted ; 3000 Dwarf Roses, and other Stock.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ;
of Messrs. LEE and SON, Royal Vineyard Nursery, Hammer-
smith, W. : and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68,
Cheapside. and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
N. B. The Auctioneers beg to call special attention to this
important Sale. It is seldom that such a good stock conias into
the market.
Tuesday Next.
7000 LII.IUM AURATUM, from Japan; 1200 IMANTO-
PHYLLUM MINIATUM SPLENDENS; and 1000
Double African TUBEROSES from the Cape.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at Iheir Central Sale
Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 7000 LILIUM AURATUM,
just received from Japan in unusually fine condition ; 1200
IMANTOPHYLLUM MINIATUM SPLENDENS; and
1000 Double African TUBEROSES, received direct from the
Cape; 1000 LILIUM HARRISII; 500 HELLEBORUS
NIGUR; 500 Tuberous-rooted BEGONIAS; a choice assort-
ment of hardy English-grown LILIES, all extra fine roots ;
MILLA Bl FLORA, and other PLANTS and BULBS.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Fetersfield, Hants.
Well-grown NURSERY STOCK.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. C. Bailey to SELL by AUCTION,
on the Premises, the Petersfield Nurseries, Petersfield, Hants,
on WEDNESDAY, November 14. at 12 o'clock precisely, a
large quantity of valuable NURSERY STOCK, in fine condi-
tion for transplanting, comprising an immense quantity of
Evergreens and Conifers in the borders, amongst which wilt be
found a large number of handsome specimens. Golden Varie-
gated Hollies, and other stock described in Catalogue.
May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and
of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8,
New Broad Street. E.C.
Wednesday Next.
400 CAMELLIAS and AZALEAS, FICUS, and other
DECORATIVE PLANTS from Belgium; STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS and FERNS in variety : a
choice assortment of Standard and Dwarf ROSES, HYA-
CINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, and other DUTCH
BULBS: CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and a variety of
PLANTS and BULBS for the garden.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve.
On view morning of Sale, Catalogues at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Friday Next.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, superb forms.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
EC, on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely,
an extra fine consignment of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX-
ANDR^, consisting of splendid masses ; and the whole are
exceptional varieties from the mountains whence came the so-
called O. Reilly varieties some years ago. They are the best
forms Mr. Sander has ever been able to offer. Also CAT-
TLEYA MENDELII. C. TRIAN/E, C. IMPERIALIS, and
others; ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, &c.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.C.
Friday Next.
ODONTOGLOSSUM SPECIES (in flower.)
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by
AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, a fine plant of ODONTO-
GLOSSUM species in flower. This is a very lovely thing.
On the stem are nine flowers, and these combine in themselves
the prettiness of crocidipterum, nzevium, and blandnm.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Friday Next.
Mill Cottage, Woodford, near the " Napier Arms," and about a
mile from Mile End or George Lane Stations.
CLEARANCE SALE, by order of G. W. Booth, Esq., the
residence being let.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION on the Premises as above, on
FRIDAY NEXT, November 16, at i o'Clock precisely, with-
out reserve, the whole of the STOVE, GREENHOUSE, and
BEDDING PLANTS, choice CAMELLIAS and AZALEAS,
several GARDEN FRAMES and PITS, MOWING MA-
CHINES, GARDEN ROLLERS, TOOLS, and numerous
other effects.
On view day prior to Sale. Catalogues had of the Gardener
on the Premises ; at the principal Local Inns ; or of the
Auctioneers, High Road, Leytonstone, and 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, and 3, New Broad Street, E.C
November 14 and IS.
SPECIAL CLEARANCE SALE.
MR. F. J. THORNBER has received
instructions from Mr. Charles Wilson, who is retiring
from Business, to SELL bv AUCTION, at the Summerhow
Nurseries, Kendal, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,
November 14 and 15. the remaining portion of his valuable
stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising
many thousands of Tea Roses, Stephanotis, Eucbaris, Adi-
antum. Palms, Solanums, Lygodiums. Fuschias. Bouvardias,
Azaleas; Pots, Tallies, and other Horticultural Items. The
whole of the Slock will be Sold without the slightest reserve.
Also, TOOLS and General WORKING PLANT.
On the SECOND DAY, at 3 P.M., will be offered the whole
of the GLASS HOUSES, viz., Vinery, Rosery, Gardenia.
Camellia, Cucumber, Green, Stove. Propagating and Grafting
Houses, s large BOILERS, PUMPS, VALVES, and other
FITTINGS. The Sale will commence each day at 11 o'Clock
prompt. Conveyances will run from the Station.
Lists may be had by application to Mr. WILSON, or the
Auctioneer, Exchange Chambers, Kendal.
Dutch Flower Boots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
An Importation of
CATTLEYA SPECIES (supposed new species).
Collected by Mr. John Carder in a remote district beyond
Popayan. The plants offered are of the same variety and
from the same ground as those collected by the late Mr.
J. H. Chesterton, and which were sold at Messrs. Stevens'
Great Rooms on January 24, 1883. Mr. Carder's estimate
of the plants tallies with that ol Mr. Chesterton. He con-
siders that it more nearly approaches C. Mendelii ihan it
does C. TrianEc. This Cattleya is remarkable for the great
number of snow-white forms which it produces, many of
them appearing identical with the rare white Cattleya
Bluntii, while the coloured forms exhibit a breadth of petal
and perfection of form which places them in the front rank
of Cattleya. The flowers measure 7 and 8 inches in
diameter, and we believe they will prove most valuable
winter flowering varieties. The consignment is offered as
received, the white and coloured forms mixed.
ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, the dark-flowered
autumn var,
BOLLEA SPECIES, PAPHINIA RUGOSA, very rare.
HOULLETIA CHRYSANTHA and HOULLETIA sp.,
supposed floribunda.
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (Alexandra) and O. PES-
CATOREI,of thevery best type.
The whole of the above, in good condition, will be SOLD by
AUCTION by
MR. J. C. STEVENS at his Great Rooms,
38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNES-
DAY NEXT. November 14. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely,
by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6517.)
PLANTS and BULBS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, November 14, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, first-class Standard, Half-
standard, and Dwarf ROSES, in all the leading varieties, from
English nurseries; specimen hardy ornamental CONIFERS,
Standard RHODODENDRONS, with bloom-buds; Green
HOLLIES, 7 feet high; LAURELS. AUCUBAS, and other
PLANTS from Holland ; a consignment of 100 AZALEA
MOLLIS, FERNS. PALMS, DRAC/ENAS, and other
GREENHOUSE PLANTS from Belgium; and an importa-
tion of choice named Double and Single HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, SNOW-
DROPS, and other DUTCH BULBS for present planting.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6517.)
5000 LILIUM AURATUM, just received from Japan ;
splendid Bulbs, in very fine condition.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT,
November 14, Jooo fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, just
received Irom Japan in very fine condition.
On view mornmg of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6519.)
RARE MASDEVALLIAS.
VANDA HASTIFERA.
MR, J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on
THURSDAY NEXT, November 15, at half-past 12 o'Clock
precisely, some very rare MASDEVALLIAS, consisting of
Masdevallia Wallisi discoidea, Winniana, Roezlii, chimaera
aurea. Rcezlii rubra, Schlimi, Atmini, and others ; the rare and
fine VANDA HASTIFERA, Rchb. fs ; also consignments of
CATTLEYAS, ODONTOGLOSSOMS, L^LIAb. also fine
CATTLEYA MENDELII, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
ODONTOGLOSSUM WILCKEANUM, Rchb. f., grand
variety in flower.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
November is. by order of Mr. J. H. Rath, a fine pljnt in flower
of a grand variety of ODONTOGLOSSUM WILCKEAN UM,
of which Professor Reichenbach speaks in the highest terms ;
also another plant of a very rare and distinct ODONTOGLOS-
SUM in bloom.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6519.)
FLOWERING ORCHIDS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his
SALE by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
November 15, fifty plants of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX-
ANDRA, in flower and bud.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Choice Home-grown Lilies.
MR. J. C. STEVENS is instructed by the
New Plant and Bulb Company, to offer for SALE by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY, November 20, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, a fine selection of home-grown LILIES and
other BULBS, IRIS, and other PLANTS, including Liliums,
Washingtonianum. Harrisii (the Bermuda Lily), Hansoni,
Leichtlini, Coridion, concolor, excelsum, Sczovitzianura,
(Colchicum), Parryi, Brownii, Dalmaticum, C^tanei rubescens,
and a new form of Lilium longiflorum, and other LI LIES ; also
100 bulbs of the new white Tigridia, MONTBREl'TIA
CROCOSMIAFLORA (new), IRIS Robinsoniana, Iberica,
Amaryllis, Crinums, and other BULBS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Unreserved Sale of a Choice Collection of Orchids,
comprising Dendrobiums, Cattleyas and Oocidiums : also
CLERODENDRONS, ANTHURIUMS, ALAMAN-
DAS, PANDANADS. AZALEAS, ERICAS, Specimen
ACACIAS, PALMS, FERN.S. PHORMIUMS, YUCCAS,
CYCAS, CHRYbANTHEMUMS, 160 strong and healthy
Queen PINES (some now in fruit) ; GERANIUMS,
STRAWBERRIES in pots, for early forcing. Ornamental
Garden STATUARY and VASES, GARDEN TOOLS,
WINES, &C., which
MESSRS. C. B. SMITH and GOLD-
SMITH will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises,
Western House, Fareham, Hants (without reserve), on
SATURDAY, November 17, at rz o'Clock.
Catalogues of the Auctioneers, Fareham.
T
Comely Bank Nursery, Walthamstow.
O BE SOLD, or LET on Lease, this well-
establUhed NURSERY.
For particulars apply as above.
O BE LET, an old-established NURSERY,
FLORIST, and SEEDSMAN'S BUSINESS, with
immediate possession, on account of the death of the late pro-
prietor, 'who has carried on a successful business for the last
thirty years. The Premises comprise a convenient Dwelling-
house, Seed Shop, and good Storage. There are Z% Acres
of deep rich Soil, and all the necessary Glass-houses, &c., for
carrying on a large business. For particulars apply to
J. WATSON, 38, Crown Street, Bury St. Edmund's.
Market Garden Ground.
Close to Beddington Railway Station and about 2 miles from
Croydon.
TO BE LET, 16 Acres of LAND, well
planted with Fruit Trees, &c
Apply to BLAKE, HADDOCK and CARPENTER,
Estate Agents, &c., 21, High Street, Croydon, and 32, Nicholas
Lane, E.C.
Pine-apple Nursery, Peckham Rye, E.C.
TO BE LET, on Lease, this well-known
NURSERY, with extensive Grape and Orchard-houses,
planted with the choicest Vines and trees ; Hothouses and
numerous Outbuildings, Cottage, Stabling, &c.
For terms apply to RUSHWORTH, ABBOTT and
STEVENS, 22, Savile Row, Regent's Street, W.
MESSRS. PEED & GREAVES,
Auctioneers and Estate Agents,
1, HOLLAND ROAD. BRIXTON, LONDON, S.W. |
THE above Firm will be happy to Furnish
Estimates or Terms for the SALE by P U BLIC AUCTION
of all Classes of NURSERY and FLORIST STOCK, either
at the Nurseries of Clients, or to be removed to the Sate Rooms,
as above. Mr. W. G. PEED (son of Mr. John Peed, the
well-known Exhibitor, Nurseryman, and Florist), by his practical
knowledge of the Trade, the nomenclature of all classes of
Plants and Trees, as also his intimate knowledge of the value
of every variety of Nursery Stock, can guarantee a like cora-
Eetency and thorouRhness of Sale only possessed by one well-
nown firm in the Trade, and Messrs. P. & G. will undertake
any such Sales at lowest possible terms.
ROTHEROE and MORRIS, HORTI-
CULTURAL Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers
and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.C, and at Le^ton-
stone, £. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.
MILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
OTICE. — WILLIAM SUTHERLAND, I
late of the Barbourne Nurseries, Worcester, and previ- '
ously of Liverpool, begs to intimate that, havinpf effected an
engagement with Messrs. James Dickson & Sons, his present
address (at which he hopes to hear from his various friends) is
" Newton" Nurseries, Chester.
LILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
bulbs, 4J., ds., gs., iss., i8s., and 24s. per dozen ; extra
strong, 30^. and 42s. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for "New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
HOW and FANCY PANSIES. — An
Amateur has for Sale his surplus stock of the above, in
about 100 varieties, good plants, 17s. 6d. per 100, 10^. per 50;
25. to 6s. per dozen, named.
G. W. DUITON, Summerfield, 15, Curzon Park. Chester.
LIMES, 12 handsome, girth lo inches at
4 feet.
ELMS, 25 English, girth 7 inches at 4 feet.
R. AND G. BESTER, Mount Pleasant, Cambridge,
FOR SALE, a quantity of good LARCH
FIRS, 2J4 to 3J^ feet, 22^. per looo.
PRIVET, 2^ to 3ji feet, Qs. per 100.
QUICK, 13J. per 1000.
And Green and Variegated HOLLIES and YEWS, &c.
All this is good rooted and grown stuff.
JOSEPH SPOONER, Goldworth, Woking Station.
ANNETTI STOCKS, clean-eyed, good
Stuff, 20s. per looQ for cash with order. Sample 5«nt
GEO. BOLTON. The Nursery, Wyddial, Buntingford, Herts
November io, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
583
DWARF ROSES, splendidly rooted, the
best sorts, ts. per dozen, from ground ; fifty forau.
TEA ROSES, in pots, 155. per dozen, fifty for sor.
FINE CLIMBING PLANTS, Hardy, for Walls. Trellises,
Arbours, Rockeries, &c., in twelve varieties, ts. and gr.
FINE HARDY HEATHS and other Dwatf American Plants,
in variety, 4J. and bs. per dozen.
PRETTY DWARF SHRUBS of various kinds, for Pots,
Boxes, Winter Beddinc, &c., in variety, 4*. or 6j. per doz.
PRETTY TABLE PLANTS, in variety, for immediate use,
6j., gx., and lis. per dozen,
BEAUTIFUL FERNS, twelve sorts, ^s. (>d., 6j,, or 91.
For all classes of Plants, Bulbs, Seeds, Fruit and other Trees,
Shrubs, or Garden Sundries, see our Catalogues.
Many acres of ground and many thousand feet of glass are
stocked with tha best of everything in the respective classes.
Visitors invited.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
Beautiful Flowers for Gardens.
POTENTILLAS, PYRETHRUMS, DEL-
PHINIUMS, lovely hardy flowers for Cutting or Garden
Bloom. Named, 55. per dozen.
SPLENDID PHLOXES, Pentslemons, Pinks, Pansies, in llie
finest varieties, 3J. td. per dozen-
HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, th? most showy sorts
(too numerous to mention here — see Catalogues for List),
3^. per dozen, -us. per 100.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, good exhibition sorts, 6j.
per dozen plants. Fine Clove and Border Self varieties,
4^. per dozen — all from layers.
LILIES, candidum. Orange, and Tiger Lilies, 31. per dozen.
Many other sorts in Catalogue.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery-, Altrincham,
HERBACEOUS, ALPINE, and ROCK
PLANTS.
Collections of loo choice varieties .. 3c j.
,, 50 ,, ,, .. 17J. 6d.
It 25 It ti •• i<^- ^•
Packing free and extra plants sent to compensate for carriage.
R. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston,
Birmingham.
Outdoor Flowers In Spring.
DAISIES, Red, White, Rose, &c. ; POLY-
ANTHUS, Single PRIMSOSES in variety of colours,
WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS, gd. per
dozen, 4^, and 5 J. per 100. PANSIES and VIOLAS
(colours separate), ARABIS, ALYSSUM. SILENE
COMPACTA, AUBRIETIAS. MYOSOTIS, li. 6^. per
dozen, 8j, per 100. Or 500 assorted Spring-floweiing Plants
for 17J. 6d. ; 1000 for 31^. 6d.
TULIPS, various colours. 5J. per ico CROCUS, is. 6d. and
2j. per 100 SNOWDROPS, 25. 6d. per 100. Border
HYACINTHS, iZs. per 100. NARCISSUS, of sorts, 5*.
and 7i. 6d. per 100. Or 500 assorted Spring-flowering Bulbs
for 12J. ; icoo for zis.
HEPATlCAS, Blue and Red, Double PRIMROSES. White,
Lilac, or Sulphur, 3^. 6d. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
ABBAGE— CABBAGE.— Extra strong and
fine Plants of autumn sown Early Rainham, Early Enfield
Market, Early Battersea, and Early Norpareil, 3^. per 1000 ;
Robinson's Champion Drumhead, 3^. per 1000. The above are
well-rooted, and free from club. No better plants can be had.
Post-office Order, or reference from unknown correspondents.
Free on rail. Samples on application. Apply,
W. VIRGO. Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford. Surrey.
ROSES (20 acres). — Well-rooted, many
shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and
of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8j. per
dozen, 60s. per 102 ; packing and carriage free for cash with
order. Standards, 15^. per dozen, or 100 free for 120s. These
world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction.
Descriptive LIST free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
A Gay Conservatory.
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, 2s. 6^,, 4J.,and
6s. per dozen, according to size.
HERBACEOUS CALCEOLARIAS, is. 6d. per dozen, from
stores.
SOLANUMS. full of berries. CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS,
TREE CARNATIONS, DEUTZIA GRACILIS, in pots
for early blooming, 6j., 9^., izf., and i8f. per dozen. Three
at same rates.
HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUS, SPIR^AS, LILIES.
&c. — see Catalogue.
AZALEAS, Ghent, mollis, Pontica, or indica, all with buds, for
Forcing, iSj., 24^., and 301. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA,
I. 2, and 3 feet high,
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. 3, 4, to 6 feei high.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 2, 3, 4, 5 to 10 feet high.
RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA, 2. 3. 4. 5, 6 to 10 feet high.
RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA AUREA, i, 2, 3. 4 to 6 feet.
RHODODENDRON PONTICA. 2 to 5 feet, bushes.
RHODODONDRON, named kinds in great variety.
TEA ROSES, in pot?, choicest sorts, including a fine
stock of NIPHETOS, in 4^^ and 6 inch pots, iJ4 to 4 feet
high and bushy.
A large stock of the above plants to offer cheap. For prices and
other Stock see CATALOGUES, post-free on application to
F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer.
Farnborough Station, Surrey,
R E E S and SHRUBS.
100,000 Hardy HEATHS, nice plants, suitable for
planting on banks and mounds. Can be supplied in 20
or 30 varieties, at 41. per dozen, 251. per 100, or ;£[o
per 1000.
LARCH, 2 to 3 feet, 21J. per 1000; 2]^ to ^\i feet, 231. per
1000 : 3 to 4 feet, 25J. per 1000 ; ^}i to 4!^ feet, 30J.
per 1000.
FIR. Scotch. I to ij^ foot, iSj. per 1000; iJ4 to 2 feet, 37.1.
per ICOO.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 2 to 1% feet, i2r. per dozen, gos. per
100 ; 2j^ to 3 feet, us per dozen. i6os. per ion ; 3 to
4 feet, 305. per dozen, 230.^. per 100 ; 3^^ to ^% feet,
361. per dozen, 275.1 per 100 -beautiful plants, having
been recently transplanted.
RHODODENDRONS, Hybrids, 9 to 15 inches, 27^. per 100,
or 250J. per iqoo ; 12 to 18 inches. 32J, per loo, or 30oJ'.
per 1000 ; 15 to ao inches, 435. per 100 ; i}^ to 2 feet,
5or. per 100.
CATALOGUES, containing other Evergreens and Flowering
Shrubs, may be had on application to
JAMES SMITH and SONS, DarUy Dale Nuritries, near
Matlock.
Rhododendrons and Azaleae,
ISAAC DAVIKS and SON have 100,000
RHODODENDRONS to offer this season, including first-
class Hybrids, fiom i to 4 feet high, and the choicest named
kinds, mostly well-budded, as well as Sweet-scented, and other
Novelties of their own raising. 50.C00 AZALEA MOLLISand
other choice Azaleas, and a hne general NURSERY STOCK,
all extra transplanted and in fine condition for removal.
Descriptive CATALOGUE with prices on application.
Brook Lane Nursery, Ormskirk, Lancashire.
REEFERS 7or WA1-LS, TRELLISES^^c,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants, being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Orchids, BnlbB, Lilies.
THE NEW PLANT AND BULB COM-
PANY, Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64, containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
ICOTEES, CARNATIONS, CLOVES,
&c.— My Annual Autumn CATALOGUE is now ready,
and contains all the best of the above families, and in addition
Collections of ROSES, TREE CARNATIONS, CLIMBING
PLANTS, PiEONIES. SHRUBS, PINKS, &c.
THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
E~w rT a ~s~p~b"~e~r r^ ,
"BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING."
Ttitimonial from Mr. Thomas Laxton, Bedford:^
" ' Baumforth's Seedling ' Raspberry has again proved the best
of all Red Raspberries tried at Girtford (14 varieties)."
Prices — Planting Canes, 35J. per 100, \s. per dozen ; Fruiting
Canes, 35J. per 100, 6j. per dozen.
Early orders respectfully solicited.
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, The Yorkshire Seed EsU-
blishment. Hull.
To the Trade.
SEA.KALE, for FORCING. — Selected
Crowns of the Fulham variety, at 9J. per too : 8oj. per
1000. Cash m one month. Fine Dwarf Maiden Moorpark
APRICOTS. PEACHES, NECTARINES, CHERRIES and
PLUMS — Osborn's true stock.
WILL. TAYLER, Osbom Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex.
THE OLD ESTABLISHED-
=^
NURSERY, SEED&IMPIEMEWT BUSINESS
S^Zf^^WhX ITV «SDICTV » CVTCH-p*^*>
QUALITY VARIETY & EXTENT
^/FOREST • FRUIT
)»< «. ALL OTHER
JVktrees <s plants.
^^ — — — ■ -- ■ . Jr
PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE
JamesDickson&sons
"NEWTON" NURSERIES
i — CHESTER
New Catalogues.
CHARLES TURNER'S New Descriptive
CATALOGUES for the season are now ready, com-
prising Roses, Fruit Trees, and all kinds of Hardy Trees and
Shrubs ; also Carnations, Picotees, Auriculas, and other
Florist Flowers, Bulbs. &c.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
KEADING HERO.— A few Tons of this
famous POTATO for Sale. Price {,% per ton, or 9s.
per cwt., on rail, bass included. Cash with order.
J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, West Brighton, Sussej-.
NNIE ELIZABETH APPLE, which has
been shown so well and highly spoken of at the Apple
Congress. Trees can be supplied by the introducers,
HARRISON AND SONS, Leicester.
Winter riowerlng Plants,
BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that his
• Stock of
AUTUMN and WINTER FLOWERING PLANTS
is now ready for sending out, consisting of
AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS, CYCLAMEN. BOUVARDIAS,
CARNATIONS (Tree, or perpetual-flowerlng). ERICAS—
all the leading kinds, EPACRIS, SOLANUMS-unusually
well berried; ACACIAS, GENISTAS, AZALEA MOLLIS,
and a number of other things that are required for this season.
The whole are well-grown and set with flower-buds.
Early orders are respectfully solicited.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N.
TWO HUNDRED THOUSA^JDVIOLAS,
BEDDING PANSIES, HARDY PERENNIALS,
ALPINES, &c.— One uniform price, ir. per dozen, trans-
planted. Land jold for Railway Extension. Guinea Garden
Collection increased to thirty dozen, worth £6 ; half, laj.
CATALOGUE gratis.
JOHN PIRIE AND CO., Slechford Birmingham.
Sharpe's Seeds.
CHARLES SHARPE and C O.,
Seed Growers and Seed Merchants, Sleaford, will
be glad to forward. Post-free on application. Special Whole-
sale quotations of their own selected stocks of Garden and Agri-
cultural Seeds. Sleaford.— October, 1883.
To the Trade.
L ILIUM AURATUM,
home-grown, from £,^ per loo, sizes on application.
"Some of the finest examples of Lilium auialum hulbs that
have come under our noiice."— Gardeners' Chronicle, Oct. 27,
page 534.
"Ihe finest home-grown bulbs of Lilium auratum we have
ever seen." — jourital a/ Horticulture, November i, page 375.
" Past all ordinary precedent." — Gardener's Magazine,
October 27, page 594.
COLLINS BROS, and GABRIEL, 39, Waterloo Road. S.E.
HOLLY for HEDGES.— 12 to 1 5 inches, 25-f. ;
15 to 18 inches, 35J. : 18 to 24 inches, 50J. p«r 100.
Forest LI ST, containing heights and pricei of well-growo trans-
planted Quick. Ash, Larch, Spruce, Pines, Oalcs, Cover
Plants, &c., free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Mitchell's Gooseberry.
WM. MITCHELL now offers to the Trade
Cuttings of this extraordinary variety of Goosberry,
which is the largest and greatest cropper known. To all
Growers, Salesmen, and buyers attending Covent Garden
Market this fine variety is too well known to need description.
Cuttings, £,<, per 1000.
WM. BROADLANDS, Enfield Highway, N.
CATALOGUE of FERNS, illustrated and
descriptive, with Cultural Notes. Three stamps.
CATALOGUE of ALPINE PLANTS, illustrated and de-
scriptive. Free on application.
LIST of HARDY ORCHIDS, with full cultural instruc-
tions. Free on application.
The following expression of opinion is from one of the highest
authorities in the land on the subject of Ferns :— " * "^ • I have
gone very carefully through your list, and, without complimeot-
ing you, it is by far the best nurseryman's list of British Ferns
out."
F. W. AND H. STANSFIELD, Nurserymen, Sale, near
Manchester.
Kent, The Garden of England.
300.000 FRUIT TREES in 600 varieties.
GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.
beg to intimate that their stock was never finer, and
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them*
selves. The New Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps. Reference LIST free.
The Kent Roses do Live.
Extra well-rooted stuff, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone. — Established 1796.
FRUIT TREES (74 acres).—
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. CHERRIES, PEACHES,
NECTARINES, APRICOTS, &c., as Standards, Dwarfs,
Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety.
VINES, excellent canes, 31. td. to loj. 6rf. ORCHARD
HOUSE TREES in pots, from jr. FIGS, from 31. id.
Descriptive LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms o(
Trees, with directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure,
Pruning, Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under Glass ; also infor-
mation as to Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin. Colour, Flesh,
Flavour, Use. Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &c., free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.
DUTCH BULBS.
All first size and quality. Cash prices.
HYACINTHS, finest named, 4^., 55., and 65. per dozen ; ditto,
finest for beds, is. 6d. per dozen.
TULIPS, finest named, 55. to 85. per 100 ; ditto, finest mixed
double or single, 4s. per 100.
CROCUSES, first size, all kinds to name, is. 6d. per 100.
The CITY SEED and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fenchurch
Street, and 80, St. Paul's Churchyard, E.G.
To the Trade.
HOME GROWN VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special offers of all the varieiies of VEGETABLE
and AGRICULTUAL SEEDS they have grown this season
from choice selected stocks. The quality of the seeds is ex-
cellent, and the prices are very low.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
ERMUDA EASTER LILY (Lilium longi-
florum Harisii). — Having ordered direct a large quantity
of the best procurable bulbs from America, we are enabled to
offer the true variety at the low price of is. 6d. each. More
than forty beautiful pure white trumpet-shaped flowers have
been produced from a single bulb. For further description of
this valuable acquisition, see Bulb LIST, free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and Nursery-
men, Worcester.
QEEDS of CLIVIA MINI ATA,
K_? fertilised by C. Lindeni X C. robusta.
12 SEEDS, guaranteed .. 5 francs.
100 ,, „ ..40 francs.
I003 ,, ,, .. 350 francs.
Free by Post.
ED. PYNAERT, Ghent, Belgium.
II^RUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES
In all the Best Cropping Varieties.
APPLES, PEARS and CHERRIES, D waif- trained, good
trees, 15J. and 185. per dozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 40s. and 50s. per 100; good fruiting trees ,
7$s. and 1001. per io3 ; Maidens, sor. per 100.
APPLES. Pyramid, 40J., 50^., and 755. per 100,
CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained Morello and May Duke, 15^. and
i8s- per do2en.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8s., los. and
1 2 J. per 100.
RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, 6s. per 100.
ROSES. Dwarf H.P.'s. 30J. per 100.
CONIFERS, bushy, for pots, window boxes, &:c., a to :s in.,
251. per T03.
POPLARS, Lombardy and Ontario, from 5 to 10 feet, Ss. to
35J. per 100 ; 12 to 16 feet, extra fine, for screens, grown
in single lines, ipr. per dozen, looj. per loo.
SHRUBS, Deciduous, 121. and i$s. per ico, good plants.
HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, 15s. per 100.
THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts. Standards and Pyra-
mids, 50^. and 75J. per 103.
SPIRj'Ti^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, 10s., 155. and 20s.
P':r 103.
AUCUBAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots, &c., g to 12 in., i6j.
per 100 ; 12 to 15 inches, 2or. per 100,
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nurseries, AJtrmcham.
584
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 18S3.
NEW EARLY RHUBARB,
Charles Kersliaw's ** Paragon."
ThU is unquestionably the finest variety of Rhubarb ever
offered ; in mild seasons it is ready to pull in February. The
crowns and stalks are produced in such profusion that more
than twice the weight can be pulled from this than from any
other sort. The colour is a splendid red. flavour excellent, and
it has this qualification over all others, it never seeds.
PRICE-per Plant. Is. €d. ; per Dozen, 15s.
Price io tfie Trade on application.
For Testimonials and all other information, see back page
of Gardeners Chronicle for October 73. May be had of
all the principal Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, or direct from
CHABLES KERSHAW,
THE SLEAD SYKE NURSERIES.
BRIGHOUSE.
POTATOS.— Sutton's Reading Hero, White
Elephant, Beauty of Hebron, and Ashleaf Kidney. A
'■pw Tons each of these popular sorts cheap lor cash, lo save
S jring. BRINKWORTH and SONS, Reading.
NEW LILIUM HARRISII (True).
We were the introducers of this distinct and
fioriferous variety of L. eximium last year.
Extract from Gay-deners Chronicle : — " Lilium HarrisiL —
We have received a two- flowered stem of thts Lily from Messrs.
Watkins & Simpson, who introduced it into the London market,
and which is the second flower-stem produced this season in
the manner described by Mr. Clausen, at p. 53, by a second-
si^ed bulb in the possession of Mr. Walker, ot Whitton, near
Hounslow. The flowers are very fine, and evidence seems to
be accumulating that it is distinct from L. longiflorum, or at
least a well-marked variety of that species. It does not appear
to do well out-of-doors, preferring the Sihelter of a cool green-
house ; and it stands forcing well.
" We understand tluit one of the most extensive growers 0/
plants /or market has give?i a large order for biilbsforjorcing
next spring."
Price of Bulbs of the above and many other Lilies
on application to
WATKINS & SIMPSON,
Seed and Bulb Merctiants, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from i8j. to 36^. per dozen.
These World-famed B.OSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
2i'^ct. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °f MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 1784.
ADDRESS :—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25^-. per 100, or 4^.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTEB.
ANTHONY WATER ER
Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—
HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8 to
„ laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet high, j
,, Hodgins', 3. 4, 5 to 8 feet. I
„ myrtifolia ditto Uany thousands.
,, Saw-leaved, ditto. ( ^
„ Scottica, 3 to 8 feet. I
„ Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others, j
„ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 ft.
„ Waterer's, splendid plants, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet
in circumterence.
„ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of
beautiful specimens.
,, Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful
heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds.
,, new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 7 feet, many
thousands.
YEWS, Common, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 10 feet, thousands.
,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3* 4. 5» 6, to 8 feet,
thousands.
„ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, to
10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and
5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8. and 10 feet high.
PICEA PINSAPO, 6 to 8 feet.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7. and 8 feer.
Enap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.
<S)li®stabtisluii.'
50 ACRES, SPLENDID QUALITY.
Pronounced " Unequalled"
by competent Judges.
^prices strictlj) JHoicratt,
- WRITE FOR -
CATALOGUES.
Nurseries 200 Acres
in extent.
jlcliable nitoniis. Address in full—
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN.
Cbester.
NEW APPLE.
"HEREFORDSHIRE BEEFING."
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
(LIMITED)
have much pleasure in now offering, for the
first time, good healthy young trees of this
valuable, late-keeping Apple, which for beauty
and general good qualities they have every
confidence in stating is unsurpassed. The tree
is upright in habit, very vigorous and healthy
in growth, never faihng to produce, even in the
most unfavourable seasons, abundant crops of
large and very handsome fruit. Colour deep
red all over ; flesh white, very firm, crisp and
juicy. It will keep in good condition till June,
and is excellent for either dessert or culinary
purposes.
This excellent Apple was much admired by
all who saw it at the Great Apple Congress
recently held at Chiswick.
H
strong Maiden Trees .
„ 2-yr. „ .
3s. 6d. each.
5s. Od. ,,
Fruit Tree Catalogue free on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY di SEED CO.
(LIMITED),
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.
Trade Price on application.
ARDY ORCHIDS.— Twelve choice kinds,
mcludins sbc exotic, with full cultural instructions, 5s.
STANSFIELDS, Sale.
Special Culture of
FRUIT TREES and ROSES.— A large and
select stock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The Desciipiive CATALOGUE of Roses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth, Herts.
Tea Roses— Tea Boses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses m pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
To tlie Trade.
NEW EARLY RHUBARB, KERSHAW'S PARAGON.
WILLIAM KERSHAW has pleasure in
again offering this splendid new variety, in extra strong
roots, such as gave general satisfaction to the many leading
London and Provincial Houses, who obtained supplies from him
laj-t autumn. Price, gs per dozen, 65^. per 100.
Airedale Nursery, Bingley. Yorkshire.
BOX EDGING.— A large quantity for Sale.
Address —
GARDENER, Mr. G. B. Smith, Chipping Norton, Oxon.
URPLUS STOCK.— Fine bearing PEACH
TREES, in excellent condition, grown under glass, and
well ripened.
W. WOODFIELD, Gardens, Ketton Hall. Stamford.
Forest and Ornamental Trees and Slirubs.
THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY
COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, have an immense
Stock of the leading kinds of Seedling and Transplanted
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS, &c.— all in healthy condi-
tion and prices moderate. Special oflers on application.
SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.— 200,000 Dwarf
ROSES, on Manetti, fine, our own selection, 25.5. per
100. £i-2 per lojo. 3oo,coo MANETTI STOCKS, fine, 30J.
per 1000, £\-i per 10,000. 10,000,000 ASPARAGUS, 2-yr,
Connover's, 175. 6d. per 1000 ; 3-yr. Connover's, 20^. per looo ;
2-yr. Giant, 15J. per 1000 ; 3-yr. Giant, 17J. 6d. per 1000, for
Cash with all Orders, otherwise v/'v>\ not be attended to.
R. LOCKE, Royal Nurseries and Rose Farms, Redhill, Surrey.
CLEMATIS COCCINEA.— A new, distinct,
and very beautiful Climber, with small, bright orange-
scarlet flowers, perfectly hardy, and one of the best
climbing plants in cultivation.
LILIUM TENUIFOLIUM. — A brilliant
scarlet Turk's-Cap variety. Very early ; blooming out
in the open ground in June, or will stand forcing well.
Very suitable as Cut Blooms for Buttonholes or Bouquets.
It is perfectly hardy.
For prices of above and all varieties of DUTCH, ENGLISH,
and JAPANESE BULBS, see our Wholesale Bulb CATA-
LOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
SEAKALE.— A large Stock of fine strong
Roots, for Forcing and Planting.
Also pood 2-yr. old GIANT ASPARAGUS.
FRUIT TREES. — Fine healthy stock of horizontal and
dwarf-trained Apples and Pears, and dwarf-trained Apricots,
Cherries, Plums. Peaches and Nectarines.
Price on application.
D. S. THOMSON, The Nurseries, Wimbledon.
Carriage Paid.
pAULIFLOWER, &c., PLANTS : —
V-^ Autumn sown sturdy good plants. Early London,
Asiatic, Cyprus, Erfurt, and Walcheren CAULIFLOWER;
Bath. White, Green, Blood-red, and Brown Cos, Winter
Passion and Swede's Head CABBAGE LETTUCE ; Broad-
leaved Batavian and Green Curled ENDIVE ; Giant
Rocca and Flat Tripoh ONION PLANTS; Early Rainham,
Saint John's Day, Daniel's Defiance, and many other choicest
varieties of CABBAGE PLANTS; Abergeldie and Melville's
Variegated KALE; Aigburth BRUSSELS SPROUTS, and
Purple Sprouting BROCCOLI, ij. ()d. per ico. Good large
plants only sent. Also the following varieties of Herbs, viz. : —
Pot MARJORAM, Winter SAVORY, LEMON and Winter
THYME, HYSSOP, BALM, LAVENDER, WITLOEF,
BELLVILLE SORREL, TANSY. FENNEL. Broad-leaved
SAGE, HORE HOUND, WORMWOOD, and FEVERFEW,
IS. -^d. per dozen, 8r. per tco.
Post-office Order (with order) payable Godalming, to
EDWARD LEIGH, Dunsfold, Godalming.
To tlie Trade.
HUGH LOW AND CO.
offer : — Cp^^ ^oo*
ACACIA ARMATA, well budded, extra fine, 75J. and loof.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, 755., 100^. and 1501. per 100.
CAMELLIAS, well budded, 175J. and 2oar. per 100.
ERICA CAFFRA, in flower. 6oj. per 100.
ERICA GRACILIS, in flower. 6oj. per loo.
ERICA HYEMALIS, in 48 pots, in flower and showing
colour, 755. per 100. Can be supplied by the thousand.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, extra fine, 150^. and 2oar. per
GENISTAS, tts. 8d. and icos. per 100. [100.
LATANIA BORBONICA. well shaped sturdy plants, 150J.
SOLANUMS, berried, sos, and jss. per 100. [per 100.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.
OUVARDIAS. — Fine, bushy, healthy
plants, of A. Neuner, Dazzler, and others, 40.^. per 100.
Tree CARNATIONS, best free blooming kinds, 40s. per 100.
Mrs. SINKINS, best white CLOVE CARNATION, for
forcing, 305. per ioq.
W. JACKSON, BUkedown, near Kidderminster.
OR SALE CHEAP,
a quantity of
LARGE LAURELS, 4 to s feet, very bushy, recently
transplanted ; also
15,000 STRAWBERRY RUNNERS, best sorts, at
13^. per 1000. Address
The GARDENER, ChUd's HiU Farm, Finchley Road,
London, N.W.
F
November io, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
585
CUT CHRYSANTHEMUM BLOOMS
Magnificent flowers of the following :—
ELAINE,
EMPRESS OF INDIA,
MRS. GEORGE RUNDLE,
MRS. GEORGE GLENNY,
MRS. DIXON.
Price on application.
HEATH & SON, Royal Exotic Nurseries,
CHELTENHAM.
RANSTON~S Descriptive CATALOGUES
of Fruit and FOREST TREES, SHRUBS, &c , are
now ready, and may be had free on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED COMPANY
(Limited), King's Acre, Hereford.
elway" and son^s catalogue
of GLADIOLI, describing all the varieties worth grow-
ing, and at prices as low as those of any other house, will be
forwarded on application.
Langpoit, Somerset,
URPLUS STOCK.— Handsome and Choice
Evergreen and Deciduous TREES for Avenues, Parks,
Gardens, Streets, &c. Very good and cheap. LIST free by prst.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus. Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS,, BuLB
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen, Worcester.
Cliry santhemums .
CHARLES TURNER'S extensive Collection
(comprising all the classes) of many thousand Plants, is
now in fine bloom. An inspection is invited.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
Deutzla gracilis.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
FOR S A L E, fine Specimen Plants :—
1 STANDARD ORANGE TREE, fine.
1 BUSH ORANGE, full of fruit, 4H feet high.
4 CAMELLIAS, double red and pink, 6 to 7 feet high, bushy,
hundreds of buds, healthy, in 18-inch pots.
I AZALIA, white. 4 feet high, full of bud, bushy.
3 NERIUM SPLENDENS, 9 to 10 feet, full of blossom-bud.
2ASPLENIUM BULBIFERUM, fine, in i8-inch pots.
The above will be sold cheap for cash, being too large for the
gentleman's house. No reasonable offer will be refused.
Apply to
T. W. DALEY, Nurseryman, Hendford, Yeovil.
MANETTI STOCKS. — Clean and hard,
fine for Grafting, y^s. per 1000. Package fiee for cash.
RASPBERRIES, Pbnting Canes of finest market variety, per
100. icoo, or 10,000. Price on application.
KIRK ALLEN, The Nursery, Fen Drayton, near St. Ives,
Hunts.
NE HUNDRED and FIFTY DUTCH
BULBS for 55. , for the Garden, Window Box. or Pots :—
Consisting of 8 Hyacinths, 6 Double, 6 Single, 6 Van Thol. and
6 Parrot Tulips; 16 Yellow, 16 Blue. 16 White, and 16 Violet
Striped Crocus, 6 Narcissus, 6 Daffodils, 8 Iris hispanica, 6
Winter Aconites, 6 Snowdrops, 6 Anemones, 6 Ranunculus, 6
Jonquils. 4 Triteleia and 4 Scillas. Warranted sound bulbs.
Carriage free, 5^, goT. ; half. is. P.O.O., &c., payable to
]. L. WATSON, Manor Road Nursery. Gravesend.
Fruit Trees to Offer.
STANDARD APPLES and PEARS, also
PURPLE and WEEPING BEECH. Price per 100 on
application to
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey,
Surrey.
SINGLE CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
NEW DEPARTURE.
Wc beg to announce that Mr. Teesdale's New Single
Varieties are now in fiower, and for bouquets
and house decoration the ordinary kinds bear no
comparison, and must become popular.
SEND FOR A CATALOGUE.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
THE HOME OF FLOWERS, SWANLEY, KENT.
OR SALE, handsome INDIARUBBER
PLANT, 8 feet 6 inches high.
Mrs. RICHARDSON. 35, Woodstock Road, Shepherd's
Bush, opposite Uxbridge Ro.ad Station, W.
TO THE TRADE.— Special low offer of the
foUowinR :—
BOUVARDIAS, in variety, 40^. per 100 in 48's.
GREENHOUSE FERNS, in variety. 3JI. per 100 in ^S's.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA, 321. per 100 in 48's.
Cash with order.
C. W. BILLINGS, Upton Nursery. Forest Gate, Essex.
OR SALE. — Telegraph CUCUMBER
PLANTS, Dwarf Moss, Cabbage, and H.P. ROSES ;
STRAWBERRY, Cos LETTUCE,and CABBAGE PLANTS :
also PANSIES, by the 100 or 1000.
G. WALKLING, Colleee Park Nursery, Lewisham, S.E.
Special Offer.
AZALEAS and CAMELLIAS. — Twelve
AZALEAS, full of buds, jri. or 34J. Twelve CAMEL-
LIAS, nice plants, with buds, 24J. or 301. Packing included for
cash with order from
L. WATSON, Manor Road Nursery, Gravesend.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
4<f. per bushel : 100 for 25^ : truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40J. ; 4-busheI bags, id. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, si- S''- per sack ;
5 sacks, 251 ; sacks, i,d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 221. ; sacks,
^d. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, li. gif. per bushel ; 151. per half
ton, 26J. per ton ; in 2 bushel bags, \d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, St. 6rf. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK. TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Wme for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 2r, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A. Coal Yard), W.C.
pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE,
V^ best quality, as supplied to the principal Nurserymen and
Nobility, IS. per Bag ; 15 Bags, r4S ; 30 Bags. 251., sent to all
parts ; Truck-load, 301., free to rail. Best LOAM and PEAT.
A. FOULON, 32, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C.
pOCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
V^ made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at \s. 3-/. each, or
IS sacks, i8j. ; 30 sacks, C^ 5J., sacks included. Truck-load,
loose, 33J. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
lished I872-J. STEVENS AND CO., "Greyhound " Yard,
and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, &c., of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Light or
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tons, 48^.
each. Selected PEAT. 3J. per sack. SILVER SANDand LEAF
MOULD, Zd. per bushel. Sacks, dd. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAMBERT, Ringwood.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants. &c.. ;£6 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant
Beds, 15J. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5^. ; 5 Bags.
2^J. 6(/. ; 10 Bags, 45s. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
loj. td. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 525. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWO RK, ^£5 per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25J. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Famborough Station, Hants.
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries, Stoves, Greenliouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are th«
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
and that thf verv bffjt.
Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the largest. Hot-Water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected and success guaranteed
in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, £cc., always in stock.
Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Custotners waited on in any part 0/ ihi Kingdom.
Our Maxim is and always has been —
MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORE. THE BEST UATERIAI.S,
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by them and all Nurserymen and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords,
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent posl-fiec on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
GARyEnEOuTsiTES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &o.
Quality the Best in the Market.
(AH Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4J. dd. per sack ; 5 sacks for aoj.
„ best black fibrous .. 3s. 6d per sack ; 5 sacks for 15*.
,. extra selected Orchid .. .. ^s, od. ,.
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. ..\
PREPARED COMPOST, best .. ( 11. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD f included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) .. .. 11. 3*. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. 10/ per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. id. per lb., 28 lb. 181.
,, PAPER, finest imported speciality 8^. per lb., 28 lb. t8j.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected. 2j. per bushel, 6s. per sack.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Important Discovery.
For Cleansing Plants from Aphides, and all Parasites.
To prevent American Blight, all kinds of Scale, &c., and
for Washing all Hard-wooded Plants, always use
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
A \ lb. Packet to 3 Gallons of Water.
A strong solution thickened with clay makes an
effective Winter Dressing.
TeBtlmonlals.
"Coton Hall Nursery, Shrewsbury, July 78, 1S80.
" We find Hudson's Soap a very useful Winter Dressing for
all kinds of Fruit Trees ; both as a preventive and cure against
American Blight and all kinds of Scales. We also use it for
Camellias, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and all kinds of Hard-
wooded Plants. We have much pleasure in presenting you with
this testimonial, and remain, yours truly,
(Signed) "JOHN JONES and CO."
*'2ot. Broad Street, Birmineham, August 15, 1883.
"DharSir, — I have lately tried Hudson's Extract of Soap
for the mildew on my Rose trees in the greenhouse, and I find
that with one syringing; it completely cures it instantly. I should
say I tried it some time ago with the same result. Yours tiuly,
(Signed) " W. JAMES. "
SOLD EVERYWHERE.
REMABKABLE DISAPPEARANCE !
of all DIRT from EVERYTHING
BY USING
HUDSON'S EXTRACT OF SOAP.
GARDEN REQUISITES."
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, &c.
Superior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from e,s. 6d. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from 51. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from 6s. per sack,
LOAM, Yellow Fibrous, is. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best, is. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, i^. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, is. 6d. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, gd. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, from Sd. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. 6d. per bag : per truck-
load of about 2 tons, 35^-.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 41. 6d. per bag.
VIRGIN CORK. iZs. per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 34. Glengarry Road, East Dulwlch. S.E.
SOLUBLE FIR TREE OIL insecticide.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and
Blight. Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c., and makes a good
Winter Dressing. Of all Saedsmen and Chemists, is. 6d., aj. 6d.,
41. 6d. a bottle. Per gallon laj. 6d. , or less in larger quantities.
Maker. E.GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester. Wholesale
from Hooper & Co , Corrv, Soper. Fowler &Co. , C. E. Os-
MAN & Co., and from all the London Seed Merchants and Whole-
sale Patent Medicine Houses. New York : Rolker & Sons.
EUREKA!!! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH. Chemist, Edinburgh.
In Bottles, is., 7S., and ss. td. each. 7^. 6d. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
TESTIMONIAL.
" Cloven/ords^byGalasJiiels, iV'..^..y«/>'25, 1883- — Mr. Smit^ :
Dear Sir, we have now tried your tnseclicide on all the
Insects we can find on any of our Plants, includine' Orchids, and
used as directed by you, we find it instant destruction to them
all, while it neither stains nor injures the tenderest leaf. We
shall in future use no Fir Tree Oil or other Insecticide but
yours.— We are, yours truly, WM. THOMSON and SONS."
<„ Wholesale Agents-IRELAND AND THOMSON,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
586
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 1883,
A VAN GEERT, Nurseryman, Ghent,
• has still on hand nice Indian and Mollis AZALEAS ;
Sne CAMELLIAS, all with buds. Also strong clumps of
SPIRjEA JAPONICA, for forcing.
The whole at usual Trade Prices.
Until the Stock 1b Exhausted.
CHARLES NOBLE will supply the 6nest
forcing clumps of crowns ever offered of : — ■
SPIR^A PALMATA. at 15s., 20s., and 25s- per 100. [each.
LILIUM GIGANTEUM, nice bulbs, 35.60^., 2J.6rf., and iJ.6rf.
Orders with cash or reference should be sent at once — Bagshot.
CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION^
E. G. HENDERSON & SON
Invite Visitors to view the above
in their Winter Garden,
PINE-APPLE NURSERY,
MAIDA VALE, LONDON, N.W.
The following are offered at exceptional
low cash prices : —
ORCHIDS. J. d.
XI choice frte floworing sorts for 21 o
IB „ , , extra size 30 o
12 ,, ,, very choice selected .. 42 o
xoo in 50 sorts for 200 o
100 in ICO sorts ior ■■ 400 o
Special Cash Price LIST on application will be posted of
the Sweet-scented RHODODENDRONS for Greenhouse.
AZALEAS covered with Flower-buds, CAMELLIAS, TREE
CARNATIONS, EPACRIS, &c., and NEW PLANTS.
FRUIT TREES,
OBNAMENTAL TB.EES and SHBUBS,
FOREST TREES,
Roses, Rhododendrons, Climbers, &c.
Large and Healthy Stock, in Prime
Condition for BemovaL
Catalogues free by Post, on application to
J. CHEAL & SONS,
Lowfield Nurseries,
CRAWLEY, SUSSEX.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BBITISH FEBNS
and SELAGINELLAS,
Suitoble for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
20,000 PALMS,
including Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Coryphas, Phoenix, CocosWeddelliana, Caiyotas,
&c. ; FERNS, in 48's and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, lor
flowering this season; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, JASMINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS ;
Tuberous and FoUage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
LILIUM HARRISII
(the Bermuda Easter Lily),
on* of the most valuable introductions of late years, a long
tnimpet.flowered white Lily, beautifully reflexed, bearing
frequently from 6 to lo, and has been photographed with over
30 flowers on one spike. Forces in pots with great facility, and
IS so full of vitality that several and continued growths frequently
spring from one bulb. It is quite distinct from L. longiflorum.
Bulbs, 2s. each, 18s. per dozen, 120s. par 100.
Dtlivtred /rtt. Special terms io Trade growers in quantity.
HOOPER ft 00. » OOVBNT GARDEN, LONDON. W.O,
PAUL & SON'S CHESHUNT ROSES.
PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT,
RESPECTFULLY INVITE EARLY ORDERS FOR
STANDARD, HALF-STANDARD, AND DWARf ROSES,
SELECTED FROM THE
Finest Stock ever held by any English Rose-grower.
The Cheshunt Roses have, during the past season, obtained more First Prizes than any other
House — showing the Firm maintains the reputation they have enjoyed for so many years.
An Inspection of the Stock and Personal Selection of the Plants is invited. Descriptive
CATALOGUES Post-free on application.
Prices of Selected Plants for Autumn, 1883:—
STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS
„ „ New and Scarce Sorts, including Teas
DWARF STANDARDS
DWARFS, on Manetti ) older sorts
„ on Brier ) „
„ „ newer sorts
„ Teas, all on Brier
2IJ. to 24J. per dozen ; £^% os, per loo
30J.
IBS.
gs. to 12s,
12s.
1 5 J. to 30J.
15^-. to i8j.
;^IO OS.
£6 OS.
£4 £"■•
£6 OS.
Please Address, without Christian Name or Initial —
PAUL & SON, The Old Nurseries, CHESHUNT, HERTS.
AN I M PORTATION OF
C ATT LEY A SPECIES
(supposed new species),
Collected by Mr. John Carder, in a remote district beyond Popayan. The plants offered are
of the same variety, and from the same ground as those collected by the late Mr. J. H.
Chesterton, and which were Sold at Messrs. Stevens' Great Rooms, on January 24, 1883.
Mr. Carder's estimate of the plants tallies with that of Mr. Chesterton. He considers that it
more nearly approaches C. Mendelii than it does C. TrianK. This Cattleya is remarkable for
the great number of snow-white forms which it produces, many of them appearing identical
with therare white Cattleya Bluntii ; while the coloured forms exhibit a breadth of petal and
perfection of form which places them in the front rank of Cattleyas. The flowers measure
7 and 8 inches in diameter, and we believe they will prove most valuable winter-flowering
varieties. The consignment is offered as received, the white and coloured forms mixed.
ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, the dark flowered autumn variety.
BOLLEA SPECIES. PAPHINIA RUGOSA, very rare.
HOULLETIA CHRYSANTHA and HOULLETIA species, supposed floribunda.
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (Alexandra) and ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI,
of the very best type.
The whole of the above, in good condition,
will be r SOLD by AUCTION
MR. J. C. STEVENS, at his Great Rooms,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, November 14, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
by
38, King Street,
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
WARN ER'S
PATENT
ANNULAR SAIL
STAR WINDMILLS,
Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying
Farms, Railways, Mansions, &c.
Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are at Work in every psurt of the World.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Keliable made.
Prir*a including Timber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, _pQK
II ICvi complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, Xt^\)
Prices of larger sizes for Pumping, Grinding, Farm
and Mill Work in proportion.
'^^..iiSl^w^of^^^tFilfen"''} J. WARNER & SONSioRil^lSl°o^°o^T'iic,
November lo, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
587
WOODS AND FORESTS:
COVERT, PARK, ARBORETUM,
AND NURSERY,
A Journal of Planting and Estate
management.
It is intended to issue immediately
a new Weekly journal, of which
the above title describes the aim.
Large areas of the poorer lands of
the United Kingdom and of the hill
and mountain country, of no agri-
culttiral value, are filed for the
profitable growth of timber. The
landscape beauty of our country is
oiuing mainly to the taste for plant-
ing long characteristic of the country
gentlemaji. These interests may be
deepened and the love of planting
extended by a high-class weekly
journal which will furnish a stipply
of accurate information on every
subject of practical interest to the
planter for use and ornament.
" WOODS & FORESTS" will
be an illustrated journal, produced
in the best manner. In addition
to the above-mentioned subjects it
will illustrate and describe all hardy
trees and their varieties, inchiding,
particularly, all the newei' species
and forms. The Nos. will be bound
as an indexed annual volume, form-
ing a work of reference to the trees
and shrubs thriving in these islands.
Monthly Parts, containing the
whole of the weekly Nos., will be
published.
In view of this undertaking and
object, the Editor venttires to ask the
support of all practically interested
in such work.
NOTE BY PUBLISHER.
SUBSCRIPTIONS.— The Subscription, post-
paid, to "Woods and Forests" is 15s. 2d.
per year; it will be Sold at Bookstalls
and by Newsvendors at 3d. per Copy.
The Farts at Is. 2d. each.
ADVERTISEUENTB will be charged at
the rate of £7 per page, with a liberal
reduction for a series. Early copy will
oblige.
OFFICE— 37, Southampton Street,
Covent Garden, W.C.
PAULS' l^UESERIES,
WALTHAM CROSS.
^Vm. Paul & Son
Respectfully invite attention to the following
SPECIALITIES:-
PAULS'-Roses-WALTHAM CROSS.
Standards
Dwarf standards
Dwarfs
ClimbinK
F'oicing in pots
New varieties
Specimens
.. from 15J. doz.
.. ,, los. 6d, „
.. „ ts. „
.. .. 6s. „
. . „ 21s. „
.. f, 31S. ,,
. . ,, 5 J. each
The /\(jse Garden, by Wm. Paul,
F.L.S., 8ih edition, with plates, 21s.
The same without plates, loj. 6d.
The Rose Anriuai, with plates, six
parts, 4J-. each, Roses in Pots, 5th
edition, -2$. Roses arid Rose Culture ^
5th edition, IS.
PAULS'-Hyacinths-WALTHAM CROSS.
Hyacinths for pots and
glasses .. .. from 4.;. doz.
Hyacinths for borders ,, lis. 100
Hyacmths, Roman, for
early forcing .. 35. doz., 20J. 100
Tulips for pots . . from is, doz.
,. ,, borders .. ,, is. 100
Polyanthus Narcissus . . us. 6d. doz.
Crocus .. .. ..is. 6d. 100
Snowdrops, dbl, & single 2s. 6d. 100
Border Narcissi, Jonquils. Anem-
ones, Ranunculuses, Lilies, Gladioli,
/ I Lily of the Valley, Spiraeas, &c.,
// '' . cheap and good. See Catalogue,
PAULS'-Camellias-WALTHAM CROSS.
The largest and finest stock in
Europe. Good plants, from zrs. per
dozen ; specimens from i to 30 gs.
each.
Azaleas, Winter-blooming Heaths,
Epacrises, Gardenias, Stephanotis,
Lapagerias, and other Stove and
Greenhouse Plants.
■a choice col-
Planting done by Estimate
or Contract.
PAULS'-Seeds-WALTHAM CROSS.
Of every description, of the first
quality, and low in price. Vege-
table Seeds, forautumn sowing : —
Peas, Beans, Cabbage, Cauliflower,
Carrot, Cress, Cucumber, Endive,
Lettuce, Mustard, Onion, Radish,
Spinach, Turnip, &c. Flower
Seeds, various, for autumn sowing :
— Cineraria. Calceolaria, Primula,
Cyclamen, Balsam, Aster, &c. The
finest florists' strains always on sale.
Mushroom Spawn, $$. per bushel.
Mats, Knives, Gloves, Tools and
every Garden Requisite.
Gladiolus Brenchleyensis, fine,
•js, dd. per 100, 15. 3^. per dozen.
PAULS'-FruitTrees— WALTHAM CROSS,
Apples, Pears, Cherries,
Plums, Standards, from i$s. doz.
,, Pyramids ,, 32J. ,,
,, Dwarf-trained ,, 30J. ,,
Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines,
Dwarf-trained, from 42X. per doz.
,. Standard -trained, 10/6 each.
Grape Vines, 25. 6d. to los. 6d. each.
Figs. sr. 6d. to y. f>d. each.
Raspberries, from 12s. td. per 100.
Strawberries, from 3j. 6d. per 100.
Filberts, from 6s. per dozen.
Currants and Gooseberries, from 25.
per dozen.
Full Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUES will be for-
warded, post-tree, ou application. Special and reduced prices
wheie large quantities are required.
WM. PAUL & SON,
WALTHAM CROSS, N.
THE
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER lo, 1883.
GARDENERS TO THE RESCUE.
A MAN- must live : only cynics, and not
many of them, will deny that proposition.
We go further, and say that a man ought so to
live as to be good in the estimate of his own
conscience, and good in the eyes of his fellows.
How is he to accomplish this.' Moralists and
priests will answer this question in their own
several ways. For their teaching we have the
highest respect ; but we shall not venture to
trench on their province further than may be
incidentally necessary in helping on their good
work. All we can say in this place is, that to
compass the good results before-mentioned the
conditions must be favourable. A man may
have every desire to do his duty, whatsover it be,
but he is let and hindered in various manners.
As to these lets and hindrances some are innate
to the man, some are external to him, some
are remediable, others are inevitable. If his
food be insufficient or unsuitable — if the water he
drinks be contaminated, the air he breathes
impure, the soil he lives upon fouled with cor-
ruption, his dwelling-place unwholesome, his
clothing inadequate, his work noxious, his
recreations debasing, the man cannot be good.
His moral and physical qualities alike will be
deteriorated in direct proportion to the force of
these adverse influences, and these influences
do not act singly, they are apt to join their
forces. Moreover, the man not only suffisrs
himself, but as a direct and necessary conse-
quence he injures, to a greater or less degree, all
he comes in contact with, and his failure to
help himself and his fellows is hardly less
deplorable than the direct injury he does. All
this is trite to the verge of truism. What is
equally obvious, though less regarded, is the
share which we as plant-growers have or ought
to have in promoting the welfare of our fellow
men. We feed them, we supply their wants
in the house they live in, and in the clothes
they wear. We furnish wholesome labour and
healthful recreation. We only ask to be allowed
further to do our share in securing to the com-
munity fresh air, pure water, uncontaminated
soil. This brings us to the especial object we
have in view in thus writing. From the period
of its estabhshment till now the Gardeners'
Chronicle has, when opportunity served, ad-
vocated the establishment of Town Gardens,
and published directions for their formation and
management. Hitherto we have dealt with the
subject chiefly from the point of view of the
recreative needs of the community, but the time
has now fully come when gardeners should take
up higher ground, and enrol themselves among
the band of sanitary reformers. They have the
means of recognising the unwholesome charac-
ter of any particular locality long before it comes
under the notice of the doctor. Plants, speak-
ing generally, are less long suffering than men
— they hoist the signal of distress or vanish
utterly long before the man is stricken down.
On this account, then, their indications are
most valuable. It may be Utopian to say that
588
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 1883.
a man should not live where a Rose will not
grow, but the principle is sound, and the more
closely it is acted up to the better it will be
for every one. Again, if gardeners possess
in the observation of plants a rough and ready,
but none the less excellent, test of the healthi-
ness of any locality, they also possess the
means of counteracting unwholesome agencies,
or of banishing them more or less completely.
With these views it is our intention to pass
under review, from time to time, the pro-
visions that have been or are being made in
certain of our large towns to secure open
spaces for the public use. Where men congre-
gate, as in our towns, they defile the air in
proportion to their numbers, apart from any
noxious employment they may carry on, and
apart from any special disease-germs or poison-
vapours that may be imported from elsewhere
or generated in their midst. Open spaces, if
they do nothing else, secure the population
against the evil effects of overcrowding, and
serve to dilute and attenuate the inevitable air-
pollution.
The first thing to do, then, is to secure open
spaces before the opportunity for so doing is
blocked by the energetic ^builder. Of course in
all cases the larger the space the better, but we
should hope, in the course of our inquiry, to be
able to get at some opinion as to the actual aver-
age area of open space that should, as a matter
of practice, wherever possible, be allotted
to a definite number of people, and to form some
opinion as to the relative advantages of larger
areas as compared with more numerous spaces
dispersed at intervals over the town. Circum-
stances would, of course, vary in different loca-
lities according to the nature of the site and
the manufactures carried on. A small provincial
town, for instance, with no specially noxious
trade carried on in or near it, ought to be as
healthy, and more so, than a detached hamlet
in the heart of the country, destitute of the
sanitary appliances which even our smaller
towns now possess. In such a case it is
clear that, so far as pure air is concerned,
no large area need be set aside for open
spaces, but only so much as will serve for
recreative purposes. If it were possible to start
afresh, and found a city of Hygeia, as
advocated by Dr. Richardson, or to build
new cities as they do in America, there
would be little doubt as to the general
plan to be adopted to secure adequate
open spaces, but as it is we are trammelled in
all sorts of ways and have to make the best we
can of existing conditions.
The space secured, the next question is,
What shall be done with it ? The answer
to this depends almost entirely on the means
at disposal and on the taste and good
sense of the authorities or their delegates.
Details, of course, must vary according to
locality. The essentials are a sufficiency of
trees, shrubs, flowers, grass, ample space for
walks, for games, for shelter. The requirements
of the old and feeble, of the infant as well as of
the athlete, should be carefully provided for.
The disposition of the planting should be effi-
cient as regards shelter and utility, efl^ective as
regards ornamental character. There is no
necessity, where means are scanty, to plant ex-
pensive trees and shrubs, or to indulge in
elaborate styles of garden decoration. These
are all very well in their way, and no doubt the
poor highly appreciate them, but they are not
primarily important, and public money would
be better spent in extending and specially
in multiplying open spaces than on elabora-
tions [of this kind. It is found in the case of
museums and picture galleries that as soon as
the good management of such institutions
becomes evident, and their advantages appre-
ciated, that donations in kind or in money may
be expected ; so we have no doubt it would be
in the case of public gardens. Were these
established by public funds and properly admin-
istered, private zeal and generosity might be
called on to supply the purely ornamental
details, the expenses of which it is hardly just
to take from the pockets of the ratepayers.
It is with a view of calling pubhc attention to
the means at the disposal of the gardener as a
sanitary reformer, and of eliciting practical
opinions as to the best method of securing to
our town-populations the advantages that the
gardener can offer, it the chance is given him,
that we purpose from time to time to allude to
the provisions made in some of our cities to
secure pure air and healthful recreation to their
inhabitants. The information will be collected
by our own special reporters, or by reliable cor-
respondents who have kindly undertaken to aid
us in this matter. A few typical illustrations
will serve our purpose as well as a larger
number, to which we should find it difficult to
allot space.
In our present issue, at p. 590, we pass under
notice the public parks and gardens of New-
castle-on-Tyne.
SALVIA DISCOLOR, H. B, K.
In the Gardeners^ Chronicle^ n.s., xix., p. 341, I
identified a Salvia, exhibited by Mr. Cannell as Salvia
nigricans, with S. mexicana var. minor of Bentham.
I had only the drawing and a few flowers to guide
me, but the species was so distinct from all others of
which I had seen specimens that I had no doubt at
the time of the correctness of my determination ; yet
I was certainly wrong, as a specimen sent to Kew by
Mr. Lynch, of the Cambridge Botanic Garden, (or a
name, clearly shows. There is no specimen of S.
discolor in Kew Herbarium, but Prof. Oliver and
his assistants did fnot rest until they had succeeded
in "running down" Mr. Lynch's plant, which was
then handed to me to give me an opportunity to
correct my blunder. S. discolor is figured and
described by Kunth in Humboldt and Bonpland's
Nova Genera et Species Plantarum^ ii., p. 294, t.
146 ; and although the drawing of the inflorescence
of the present plant at the places cited in the Gar-
deners' Chronicle strongly resembles S. mexicana, there
can be no question of the identity of the living plant
under observation with S. tricolor, S. discolor is of
shrubby or half shrubby nature and erect habit, with
almost terete stems, entire ovate-oblong leaves on
rather long petioles, and purple and black flowers in
long terminal spikes. The stems and the upper
surface of the leaves are covered with viscid glands,
which secrete a very bitter principle. The petioles,
the under surface of the leaves, and the calyces are
clothed with a hoary pubescence, like the common
Sage, which our plant is not unlike in odour. The
tubular portion of the corolla, which is almost wholly
concealed by the calyx, is of a dark purple colour,
while the projecting lips are nearly black, or rather
the violet-black such as one sees in some Pansies. I
am not able to say anything respecting the general
effect of the plant, because every flower had
fallen from the stems sent by Mr. Lynch ; but
I should think it must be a very striking object.
The cultivated plant differs only from the wild speci-
mens described and figured in the work cited in
being somewhat larger in all its parts, due to the
greater vigour acquired under cultivation. Thus the
largest leaves in the figure of S. discolor are repre-
sented about 3 inches long, whereas in the cultivated
plant they are nearly 6 inches, and they do not taper
quite so much towards the tip. In the Gardeners'
Chronicle figure cited they are intermediate between
the two in size. All the forms of S. mexicana have
leaves much thinner in texture, and invariably more
or less distinctly toothed, besides being more ovate or
ovate-cordate in outline. In a wild state S. discolor
is described as growing 2 or 3 feet high, but it will
probably grow more than double that height under
cultivation, for the specimen sent by Mr. Lynch
measures 20 inches from the last pair of leaves to the
tip of the flower-spike. When or by whom this hand-
some Salvia was introduced I am unable to say, and
its degree of hardiness is likewise unknown to me ;
but on this point Mr. Lynch may be able to give
some information. Humboldt records it as growing
at an elevation of about 6000 feet in shady mountains
of the Andes of Peru, in the lovely valley of the
Guaneabamba River. I had almost forgotten to men-
tion that the upper lip of the calyx is represented
rather deeply bifid in the Gardeners' Chronicle figure
— incorrectly I should say, because it is entire in the
living plant and it is so described by Kunth ; the
lower lip, however, is slightly bifid. The upper lip,
if split at all, would be trifid or three-toothed. W. _
Boiling ffemslev. \
Odontoglossum Pescatorei Schroderianum,
n. var.
This fine variety was imported and grown by Mr. ■
Sander, of St. Albans, and brought under Messrs, "
Protheroe & Morris' hammer the other day in full
flower and with four growths. Messrs. J. Veitch &
Sons secured it for 70 guineas, and it is now enthroned
in the collection of Baron von Schroeder, at The Dell,
where is also the type of Odontoglossum Pesca-
torei Veitchianum, so that in the Baron's collection
there are to be found the rarest and best Pescatorei
known as yet in the world.
I learn a great excitement arose at those rooms, as
is not seldom the case. The name Pescatorei Veitchia-
num was declared wrong. I have been honoured
with the invitation to act act as arbiter, and if ever I
could do so I can do so now, having before me the
exceedingly well preserved dried type and a care-
fully prepared sketch in water colours of Pescatorei
Veitchianum,
I am in the very agreeable position to say " both
parties are right.". If we assign to Pescatorei Veitchia-
num the character of having bands and blotches of
purple-mauve colour on the sepals and petals, as a
botanist would prefer to do, then Mr. F. Sander's
naming is right. If, however, we regard the narrow
sphere that is given now-a-days to varieties, then we
may as well distinguish the fresh plant adorning it
with Baron von Schrceder's name. The former one
had pure mauve bands and blotches, reaching further
towards the ends of sepals and petals ; the new one
has them more purple and not reaching so far.
For the moment the question may be regarded as
settled. We may, however, expect Mr. F. Sander
taking a different view, by bringing forward a third
plant intermediate between the two and connecting
both. H. G. Rchb. f.
Masdevallia brevis, «. sp*
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons have sent me a specimen
of this new introduction from British Guiana. It is
of great botanical interest to see this variation from
the well-known types of Masdevallia ochthodes and
macrodactyla. The present plant is far more slender,
the leaf is smaller, the flower shorter, and the lateral
pair sepals quite ventricose. The upper sepal is of
fine yellow, with three rows of dark purple spots,
the thick tail dark purple. The lateral sepals are
divided into unequal halves by the lemon coloured
keels running over the median nerves, prolonged into
the lemon coloured, slender, long, subulate tails. The
anterior superior area is orange with purple, the other
three quarters are brown. The irregular rhomboid
petals are characterised by an inflexed apiculus.
Colour yellowish and brown. The long narrow lip
has a distinct stalk and a pandurate blade, whose
anterior part is neatly fimbriate, as well as the ante-
rior parts of the blade above and which bears two
fimbriate crests, H. G. Rchb.f.
Roses on Tweedside, Berwickshire. — To-day
we have cut a charming bouquet of Roses com-'
posed of Prince Camille de Rohan, Annie Wood,
Souvenir de la Malmaison, and Victor Verdier.
Besides these there are still blooms of Captain
Christy, Marquise de Gibot, and Duchesse de Cay-
lus, but not very fine ; and Reynolds Hole, Pierre
Netting, and Monsieur Noman show a wealth of
buds which, however, mildew at the stalks and rot
off without opening out. November gave us a taste
of the "drear and surly blast" yesterday, which
stripped many of the trees of their lovely covering of
various tinted leaves. T,
'.l''"/""^ll>'^ trevis, n. sp. — Aff. Masdevallije ochthodi,
Rchb., f., sed omnino gracilior : folio cuneato oblongo obtuse
acuco : pedunculo gracili racemoso ; flore brevi : sepalo imparl
galeato tnangulo in caudam crassam loDgiorem extenso ; sepalis
lateralibus navicularibus connatis, supra nervutn medium cari-
natis, in caudas subulatas acuminatas extensis : tepalis obtu-
pto-rhombeis irrregularibus, apiculo inflexo ; latjello unfiuicu-
lato anguste pandurato, partitione arnica fimbriata, superior!
etiam antice fimbriata utrinque fimbriato-carinata : columnar
alls suboblongis minute lobulatis. Ex Demerara imp. cl.
Veitch. H. G. Rchb.f.
November io, 1883.]
'IhE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
589
A BELGIAN GARDEN.
The garden of which we give a plan (fig. 103)
afi'ords a good illustration of the way in which, in
the hands of a competent landscape-gardener, the
disadvantages of site and surroundings may be over-
come. The garden was laid out by M. Burvenich, of
Ghent, on the estate of Mr. Eug. Beaudoux, the
owner of coloured glass-work manufactories at Jumet,
Hainaut. The garden has an extent of 96 ares
(l are = 1 19.6 square yards), and it is situated in
the picturesque valley of the " Ilameau des Ha-
mendes." The culminating points are, one at the
entrance, the other at the pa.vilion. The elegant
residence is built in the valley. This position, at
tirst sight, may appear strange, but it is not without
an object. The approaches are carefully concealed, as
the vicinity is in no way alluring. The traffic of the
heavy waggons on roads covered with ashes and waste
of furnaces, raises clouds of dust, the speciality of the
environs of the city of Charleroi. Thus, the house
could not be built near the entrance. M. Burvenich
resisted the proposal to build the mansion on the site
now occupied by the summer-house, already narrow
enough, as the garden would then have been crossed
rich and magnificent industry, in the shape of a very
fine kiosk of coloured glass, which was much
admired at the National Kxhibition at Brussels in
1880. The view from the north-east and western side
is unattractive, the neighbourhood being flat and
monotonous ; but from the southern side, light pierc-
ing through the trees shows a large undulating land-
scape ; and in the distance the imposing prospect of
manufactories, coal-pits, glassworks, and foundries —
a hundred little craters spluttering out their blazing
fires on the black horizon.
The inhabitants are as proud of that spectacle as
the Swiss are of their mountains and the Flemish of
their monotonous but fertile fields. The stranger is
especially struck by that feverish bustle of life which
characterises the locality, and is going on night and
day. Nowhere accordingly does a beautiful garden
well dciigned with plantations elegantly arranged at
a great expense afford more delight to the owner than
in such a district.
Before the mansion extends a regular elliptic lawn,
the whole set of which has been treated after the same
manner. A basin of the Italian Renaissance style in
cement, better known under the name of " Miroirs
Louis XV.," is fed by an elegant wheatsheaf jet. At
deed, that in a neighbouring garden the red-spider had
quite denuded pyramidal Apple trees of their leaves,
and, although it was only the month of August, the
trees had a winter aspect.
Forest stuff and deciduous shrubs take up a
large portion of the nursery. Poplars are largely
grown, chiefly P. canadensis, this being one of the
trees that are much used in town parks, street plant-
ing, and town gardening generally. It seems to have
the ability to withstand, with but the minimum of
injury, the injurious gases of the large manufacturing
towns. It forms also one of the best shelter trees
on exposed sites. The Elders are much grown here,
especially the golden leaved sort, and for much the same
reason that makes the Poplar so useful. Several cut-
leaved varieties were seen, among them a sort with
finely dissected leaves edged with silver is being quickly
propagated for sale. These Elders are usually cut down
to the ground every year or two, and thus are made
to form pretty round-headed or pyramidal bushes as
the case may be. Of Hollies there are many varie-
ties grown, and several varieties of Retinosporas,
Thuias, and Conifers generally, for ornamental
garden planting. These plants seemed to be doing
very well, and were exceedingly healthy in foliag e —
Fig. 103.— plan of a garden near charleroi.
from one end to the other by the carriage-road lead-
ing to the mansion. Besides, the more you advance to
the further end of the garden the nearer you approach
the glass manufactories. It must also be borne in mind
that the lower parts of the garden are about 7 feet
higher than the southern levels which iurround
them.
The railway passes at the southern limit of the
property. Then the water line in that locality is
at least 6 feet below the lowest level of the ground ;
and the stream, being in the remotest part of the
garden, runs through a deeply excavated channel, the
banks of which run down in a very deep slope
towards the summer-house ; its current is provided for
by the numerous declivities of the ground.
The soil is fertile and argillaceous, but too stiff. At
this spot cultivation becomes possible. We are here
just outside the coalfields of the Bassin de Charleroi.
Where the schist abounds the dusty smoke, the sul-
phureous emanations from the glass-houses, and the
debris of the manufactories of that little Newcastle
render cultivation difficult.
The garden is planted with a very varied choice of
shrubs and trees, but with very few Conifers. Only
the Taxus and deciduous Conifer^e, such as Larix and
Taxodium distichum, can be grown here.
The projected pavilion has not been executed ; the
owner preferred to supply its place by a sample of his
each extremity of the lawn are two mosaic beds and
four globes, formed of Taxus baccata aurea. The
remaining part is treated naturally, and, as may be
seen upon the plan, the walks afford the double enjoy-
ment of shade and variety.
THE FENHAM NURSERIES.
A small hamlet a few miles to the west of
Newcastle-on-Tyne, lying high and exposed, should
be a suitable place to obtain hardy, enduring
trees and shrubs, plants that will be well able to
carry themselves safely through the rigours of a
Northern winter. Keeping the climatic influences
firmly in view, there is but little to be found here that
can be called half-hardy or tender. In fruits there is a
total absence of Peaches, Apricots, Necarines, or
Figs, in the open quarters, such as may be seen in the
nurseries further south. It is only on walls that such
trees are grown and trained for sale, and then only to
a small extent. Hardier fruits of all kinds, and in
considerable variety, are grown in the sheltered
breaks, surrounded by tall hedges that intersect the
nursery in all parts. Such-like stock was looking
uncommonly well at the time of my visit, being robust
in wood, and very healthy in foliage. The season
had been exceptionally warm and dry, so much so in-
a proof that the soil suited their requirements, and
that they were too far from the smoke to be affected
by it.
The old kitchen garden of Fenham Hall is now a
part of Mr. Watson's nursery, and is devoted to
the growing of herbaceous plants and the younger
portion of the general nursery stock. The walls sur-
rounding this old garden, which are high and in
tolerable order, are utilised for the training of fruit
trees, and some wall and creeping plants. It is
seldom a forest tree is seen doing duty as a wall
trailer, but such is the case here with Salisburia
adiantifolia, which is trained to the wall of a cottage
in the nursery, and that, judging from the peculiarity
of its habit, has been raised from a cutting.
Roses seem greatly in demand, and receive accord-
ingly much attention at Mr. Watson's hands. The
quarters filled with maidens and cutback stock,
although these were making less growth than one is
used to seeing in warmer localities, were very vigor-
ous. «tocky, and at the time wonderfully free from
mildew.
The general impression'of the visitor is, that this is a
place which is kept well abreast of the requirements of
the day, having regard to locality and climate, and
that only plants of proved hardiness and general
usefulness meet with much favour at Fenham Nur-
sery. M.
590
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 1S83.
NEWCASTLE PARKS AND
GARDENS.
Newcastle-on-Tvne now comprises within its
boundaries several villages and hamlets that were a
generation since without the city limits. In conse-
quence of the rapid growth which has followed on
the development of the mining, manufacturing, and
shipping industries these places have been gradually
absorbed. The population is upwards of 147,000 ;
the death-rate per thousand for 1S82 was twenty-
three, the average for fifteen years, from 1S6S to
18S2, being 25 "4. Zymotic diseases, or those which
are more or less preventible by sanitary measures,
occasioned last year a mortality of 3.9 per thousand of
the population — a rather larger proportion than usual.
It is interesting to see from the map attached to the
health officer's report that the prevalence of these
disorders was, on the whole, decidedly less in imme-
diate proximity to the open spaces than elsewhere.
The mean temperature is given as 48°. 9 ; that of the
first quarter as 44°. 3 ; of the second, 5o°.9 ; of the
third, 57*. 2 ; and of the fourth, 43°. I. The total rain-
fall for 18S2 was 2.83 inches for the first quarter ;
8 inches for the second ; 7.23 inches for the
third; and 10.4S inches for the fourth quarter;
for or the whole year, 28.55 inches. Of course,
that part of the population engaged in manual
labour is greatly in the majority, and, having com-
paratively limited incomes on which to subsist, the
demand has arisen for a class of houses, the rent of
which will not make too heavy a demand on their
means. Therefore, in the suburbs, and in that
encircling belt of new dwellings round the nucleus
of the old town, small houses of from six to ten rooms
abound. These are arranged generally in wide streets,
which in most parts are paved throughout ; the road-
way with boulders, the side paths with flags, and
sometimes smaller boulders on each side of the flagged
portion. As many of these streets ascend the steep
acclivities which stretch up from the Tyne side to the
country beyond the drainage will doubtless be efficient
and the exit rapid ; the more need, therefore, to pave
the streets in that thorough manner generally seen.
The width in many of these breezy streets is as much
as 40 yards, in many also much less.
Open places abound, especially in the western and
northern portions of the town, such as burying grounds
and gardens held in common by a whole street, sur-
rounded by walls, in which the householder can culti-
vate within certain stipulated limits what he fancies.
These abound with smallish trees, fruit and other,
forming excellent private playgrounds for the children
of that particular street. One of these is at the
least 300 yards long by 80 yards in width.
The total area of open space to which the inhabit-
ants have free access is, as we learn from the courtesy
S Mr. Armstrong, the medical officer of health, 1268
acres — almost one-fourth of the entire city, and at the
rate of I acre to every 1 14 persons ; an amount pro-
bably unequalled in any other large city. Excepting
the district of Bylter and some parts of the old town,
the people are nowhere so closely housed as, for
instance, in Bermondsey or Lambeth.
The Town Moor. — For generations the Town
Moor, a large open space on the north-west, has been
the recreation- place of the town, and it was only after
much persistent advocacy that the town authorities
were induced to make the first small park in the
town suburbs, so that the inhabitants could en-
joy the sights and fragrance of trees and flowers,
and more pleasing surroundings, than were pos-
sible on the old moor of 1 100 acres. The day
may not be far distant when, owing to the growth
of the town, and possibly to the impracticability of
growing anything in the neighbourhood, the moor
will be partially treated as a park, reserving a large
portion of the wild part just as it has been for centuries.
The Leazes. — The first-made, and certainly one
of the pleasantest and enjoyable of these parks, is the
Leazes, or, more correctly, the Castle Leazes, which
was opened in the year 1S73. It is a long narrow
area extending from north to south, and has been
slightly extended on several occasions, till it now
includes within its boundary 35 acres of coin-
paratively level land, which has been laid out by the
present superintendent, Mr. Wilson, under the direc-
tion of the Town Council, at a cost of ^3000. The
confines are well masked with vigorous young trees
and shrubs, which will in time shut out much of the
view of houses and chimney stacks that are now con-
spicuous in the immediate neighbourhood, and also at
a distance. Winding walks, just intricate enough to
lend variety without being puzzling, lead between
groups and belts of shrubs and trees, of common and
flowering kinds, chiefly Thorns, varieties of Elder,
many of which are of the golden-leaved kind ; Willow,
Poplar, and Lilac. These groups, except in the least
frequented parts of the park, are bordered with flower-
ing plants of an annual character mostly — Clarkias,
Venus' Looking-glass, Asters, Stocks, Lupins, Fox-
gloves, Gladioli of commoner sorts, Saponaria, Mari-
golds, and Silenes being the sorts mostly used, although
bedding Pansies, Pelargoniums, Calceolarias, and
Verbenas are seen here and there. But the annuals
give the charm to these borders, being exceedingly
bright and cheerful looking, without that elaborate
stiffness and primness we are accustomed to see in the
London parks. The best things amongst the flowers
last autumn were Nasturtium Her Majesty, a free,
dwarf, most floriferous scarlet, that is used by every
one who has a garden ; and Calceolaria Bothwelliana,
a capital free flowering yellow not much known in the
South.
Bowls being the popular game among rich and
poor, the designer had to make provision for it, and
so that many parties could engage in play at the same
time ; and altogether there are three capital level well
turfed lawns, slightly sunk below the surrounding
level ; and one lawn tennis ground. These are each
pleasantly surrounded, on three sides at least, by a
nice broad path of asphalte, a grass verge on either
hand, then the encircling shrubbery with its fore-
ground of flowers. There is a pretty piece of water
with an island of rock formation, on which Willows
and other trees and shrubs are thriving and healthy.
The bank of this lake, which may be 600 yards round
is embanked with unhewn stone, and grass mar-
gined, and therefore is too artificial-looking, and is
not improved by a pendent chain of an ornamental
character running round it — perhaps to keep the
Newcastle babies from falling into the wafer. There
seemed to be an almost total absence of water-loving
plants in the lake, so that its artificiality was exces-
sively conspicuous. It may be taken for granted that
where the air is sufficiently pure for trees to flourish,
water plants will also grow satisfactorily. The
level of this park being a " hanging one," advantage
was taken to erect a terrace of stone, balustraded,
gravelled, and furnished with steps. One naturally
looks for some imposing building, to which the
terrace is the base, but here, as in all the town parks
— and there are terraces in all of them but one — the
ostensible reason for an architectural terrace is con-
spicuous by its absence. From here a fine view is
had of the surrounding country, and of the park
itself. Under the walls of this terrace is a wide border
of hybrid Rhododendrons interspersed with Digitalis,
Aconites, Gladioli, and Lilies ; in front of this are
some rectangular and circular flower beds, alternately,
then a broad walk, and further down the slope a
band-stand, and a wretched terra-cotta fountain, to
act as a balancing object evidently to the latter.
Here, as in all the parks, is an aviary, with some
common birds, which are doubtless as great delights
to the town children as they would be in the heart of
London. This is certainly the best kept and most
tastefully arranged of all the places of recreation
belonging to the town, and is evidently the work of
one who, while having to cater for the particular
fancies of the visitors, has a good eye for the beautiful
and the pleasing in landscape and garden embellish-
ment.
Elswick Park is at the south-western side of the
town, just above the foundry and works of Sir W. Arm-
strong, and in the neighbourhood of an extensive
chemical factory, whose poisonous fumes are decidedly
injurious to all vegetation within half a mile. In some
senses, then, this park is specially well placed. This
rectangular piece of ground was formerly the
garden and pleasure grounds of Elswick Hall,
which were sold entire by Christian Alhuesen,
Esq., to the Newcastle Corporation. The extent
of it is only S-J acres, abutting on the Westmore-
land Road, surrounded on three sides by roads
and terraces of houses, being bounded partly by
the old walls of the place, and in part by iron palis-
ading. The entrance in the Westmoreland Road is
by one of the old lodges. The old mansion, a plain
building of stone, has been converted,into a depository
of the Lough and Noble plaster-casts of busts of
county worthies and others, stnd of other group: and
subjects, many of which have become famous, in
marble. These gardens, which are a favourite resort
of all classes in the locality, are perforce laid out in
terraced fashion, and overlook the beautiful scenery
of the Derwent and the Leam valleys, and other parts
of the county of Durham, which lies like an enormous
amphitheatre to the south and south-west.
The first or upper terrace is laid out chiefly in turf,
and is utilised for bowls ; the next terrace is more
architecturally treated, having a balustraded front
wall, a birds' house, and shelters from the rain pro-
vided with seats. Good masses of rock— of which
fortunately Newcastle has abundance— fill up what
would otherwise be unsightly angles, and bare banks
are seen in three or four different parts of the grounds.
These are planted chiefly with Saxifrages and common
rock plants. On a lower terrace stands the old
mansion, right and left of which are groups of trees,
mostly Beeches, most of them showing signs of soon
succumbing to the poisonous fumes of the chemical
works below, which will in fact annihilate trees,
shrubs, and most other kinds of vegetation. On a
still lower terrace, backed with a semicircular shrub-
bery and flower border, is a large piece of lawn of a
half-moon shape, laid out with flower-beds, and a
long border following the line of the walk. The beds
and borders were filled with Petunias, Nasturtiums,
Pelargoniums of the more robust sections. Cal-
ceolarias, Perillas, Lobelias, annuals hardy and
tender ; looking at the time of my visit fairly well, in
view of the exposed bleak position and the inimical
odours and gases of the quarter. Below this garden,
partly hidden by great natural rocks and shrubs, was
a piece of water of an irregular shape. Ilere shrubs
grew quite luxuriantly for Newcastle ; further down
still was a young plantation, formed with the in-
tention doubtless of hiding the terrace of houses from
view. Walks of easy gradients are carried all about
the place, and level ones on the terraces.
The place is charmingly situated, is very enjoyable,
and a great boon to the immediate neighbourhood, so
that it would be a pity should circumstances hinder
its continued maintenance as a place of resort.
Brandling Park, an enclosure of 4J acres, was for-
merly a place for shooting rubbish, and in consequence a
danger and a nuisance to the adjoining neighbourhood.
It has now for several years been turned into a pleasant
promenade and place for the favourite game. Under
the auspices of the Town Council, ably assisted by
the superintendent of the Leazes Park, the garden
has been quickly made and furnished. The many
Thorns, Syringas, and numerous other flowering
shrubs, have grown into fine healthy specimens, that
will soon be large enough to furnish shade to the
frequenters. A large bowling-green, accurately
levelled, and bounded with a low turf bank to pre-
vent the balls straying, occupies the middle portion of
the garden. A walk encircles the place, and several
cross-paths connect with the opposite side. A little
piece of water with some waterfowl, and borders
full of very gay flowers, many of them annuals, com-
pletes the furnishing of what is quite a gem in an
ocean of dirt and coal-dust. Houses surround it, and
the shape is a long oblong, but the planting has been
so managed and well grouped that the visitor has not
much idea either of its form or of its size.
The Jesmond Dene, _ j^iciuresque dell, with a
brawling stream flowing over a rocky bed at its
deepest part, will eventually be made the most
charming of all the resorts of the Newcastle people.
It is at the present moment the private property
of Sir W. Armstrong, who admits the public on
one day in the week, but the public-spirited baronet,
to whom the town is so much indebted for a great
deal of its present prosperity, intends shortly
handing it over, conditionally, to the town authorities,
together with some additional adjoining lands and
house property, so as in a degree to make the place
self supporting. Entering the dell by the gardener's
house, the descent is soon made, past a spacious
banqueting pavilion, to the broad path which skirts
a wall of rock, covered with Saxifrages in great
masses and of many varieties, intermixed with which
are even greater masses of various kinds of Ivies.
This walk may range from 40 to 60 feet above the
stream that flows beneath. Trees are scattered over
the dell in promiscuous wildness, chiefly of common
deciduous kinds, at some more open spots relieved by
groups of Thuia, Silver and common Spruce. The
walk above mentioned leads by devious windings to a
water-mill, now useless, except for its effect, as a
November lo, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
591
picturesque object, for Ihe water flows many feet
below it; the bed of the stream having been lowered
from above the mill to a considerable distance. Here
the stream is crossed by a single arch ol light elegant
appearance, which has evidently been constructed
of the stone dug up in deepening the burn. On
crossing this a great mass of sandstone is left on the
left-hand, through which a path descends, passing a
half-hidden pool, down to a ford across the water.
On reaching the other side of the bridge
the bank is much less steep and rocky, allow-
ing of a more diversified style of planting.
Here were found great masses of Iledera caenwood-
ensis, many yards square ; II. aurea variegata, several
kinds of Vincas, great patches of Ternettya mucro-
nata which bloom and berry finely. Ericas, and Men-
ziesias in many varieties form great colonies, looking
quite as if they were indigenous to the place ; enor-
mous growths of Spirsa Ulmaria, .S. sorbifolia. Bog
Beans, Coltsfoot, and great Kquisetums luxuriate
in the boggy land near the stream. A fine Kubus,
whose light mauve flowers made it 'a very con-
spicuous object, was met with in quantity in the
undergrowth in damp places. On the banks, in
some spots, Gaultheria Shallon was growing away
vigorously ; and in others Andromedas, Dielytra for-
mosa, Berberis Darwinii, and B. stenophylla. The soil
here being rather thin and stony, the plants made short
growth and grew less luxuriantly than those on the
opposite hand in the boggy soil down the slope. The
intention had evidently been to copy Nature in her
methods of plant arrangements, with results particu-
larly pleasing to an observer surfeited with the for-
mality too often seen in gardens. The things had
been planted with care, they were adapted to the
climate and to the locality, and were meddled with
as little as possible afterwards, beyond keeping them
within bounds and free from weeds. The walk con-
tinues onwards, passing under an enormous iron
viaduct, that stretches right across the dene. This
was built at Sir W. Armstrong's expense for the con-
venience of the traffic, which formerly had to make a
long detour, and by a road almost impassable in the
winter season.
Armstrong Park:. — A short distance beyond
this viaduct a lodge is reached, by which the Arm-
strong Park is entered — a portion of the property
which has been in the possession of the town for
several years. The dene widens out here considerably,
but has still sharp descents in places. Where the
configuration of the ground was favourable some
attempts have been made to form flower parterres
and borders of shrubs and foregrounds of flowers,
but it cannot be said that they have been successful,
at any rate the impression one receives after passing
out of the dene is not altogether one of pleasure.
The efforts of the designers have certainly received a
misdirection, much of the undergrowth, whatever it
was, having been cut away, and nothing but puny
shrubs and herbaceous plants put in its place ; and the
trees being here meagre and stunted, although old,
have an unsightly look, much of which, had the
undergrowth remained, would have been hidden from
view. The flower garden part proper has its inevit-
able terrace, of rather pretentious dimensions, but
which supports nothing better than an aviary, a re-
freshment stall, and a shelter from the weather. The
terrace has a broad border of bedding plants in the
front that looked very gay for the end of the month of
August.
Nearly 2 acres of lawn facing this border was taken
up by two bowling lawns, divided from each other by
a broad walk. The means secured to the public to
witch the games were well devised, as high ground
sirrounds the lawns on all sides but one. Masses of
sSrubs surround the whole of these, borders and banks
of flowers, both on the slopes and on the level, lend
a glow of colour grateful to the eye.
This park of 50 acres, formerly a part of the demesne
of Heaton Hall, abutting as it does on a neigh-
bourhood called Byker, abounding with factories and
workshops, is a great boon to the weary workers at
grimy trades. Here they can wander on Sundays and
holidays under the shade of the trees, and breathe an
atmosphere comparatively pure. Byker is to New-
castle what Bethnal Green and Whitechapel are to
London, and the Armstrong Park is the lung.
Much remains to be done ere the work can be said
to be completed, but with so energetic a Corporation
as that of Newcastle a very few years should see its
consummation.
The statistical data we have quoted in this article
are taken from the Report of the Medical Oflicer of
Health for 1S82. This document is not only elabo-
rate, but it is so carefully drawn up that it is a
veritable scientific treatise.
THE TRUE CHRISTMAS ROSE.
(IlELLEnORUS NIGER ANGUSTIFOLIUS.)
The history of this most beautiful of all the Helle-
bores is even more obscure than that of H. niger
allifolius, which formed the sul)ject of my last com-
munication (p. 527). From several letters received I
am glad to find the conclusions I arrived at on that
subject have met with general acceptance. The late
Miss F. J. Hope, of Wardie Lodge, brought the
Scotch variety of H. niger angustifolius into notice
in the GarJcners' Chronicle, January 22, 1S76 (Mr.
MacNab, of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, had iden-
tified the plant as entitled to this name). " It is," she
wrote, "a most desirable variety, and one which, owing
to the time at which it flowers, is more useful even
than Helleborus maximus, coming in as it does at
least two months later than that kind, and with me a
little earlierthan H. niger, . . . That it is a strong grower
is proved by the reserve beds of it being taken by a
good judge of Christmas Roses for those of H.
maximus. In another part of the garden, however,
where the two sorts grow side by side H. angusti-
folius could never be mistaken for either H. maximus
or H. niger. ... It has large white flowers, tinged
on the back with rose. ... Its flower-stalks, which
bear two or three flowers on each, are comparatively
tall and stout. It is a very free flowerer, and ripens
its seed."
It is a curious fact that this valuable Hellebore
should have almost passed out of notice by the public,
and altogether so by the professional gardener, only
to be thus casually reintroduced by the identification
of Mr. MacNab.
On applying to Messrs. Backhouse, of York (who
offered it in their catalogue), as to the origin of the
name angustifolius they replied that they could not
give any further explanation except that they received
the plants originally under that name from Mr.
MacNab after Miss Hope had drawn attention to it.
In the llortus Cantabridgensis, edition 1845, p. 379,
the name occurs, the plant being then grown in the
Cambridge Botanic Garden. It is entered as " Helle-
borus niger 3 angustifolius, the narrow-leaved Helle-
bore, white," but the columns in which its native
habitat and the date of its introduction should have
been recorded are left blank. Mr. Lynch, the present
Curator, informs me that it is not now in the gardens,
and that he cannot trace any early records of it.
Johnson's Gardeners' Dictionary has " H. niger
angustifolius (narrow-leaved), pink, March, Austria,
1596." Perhaps its present Editor can tell us whence
this information was obtained. I have searched in
vain for the plant in the Austrian Floras. There is
II. angustifolius (Host), plate ciii., Reichenbach's
leones Floric Germa. et Helvcta., but this is one of
the green-flowered Hellebores, its synonyms being
H. Bocconi and multifidus. It is possible enough
that we may find in Austria the native habitat, but it
is by no means an ascertained fact, so far as I have
been able to learn. Ilerr Gusmus has, in his Alpcn-
flora A'atalog, " H, niger v. laciniatus," which may
possibly be the plant, I have written to ask him
for a leaf of it. I have, however, come
to the conclusion that this Hellebore was
introduced into England quite as early as 1596, the
date given, as above stated, in Johnson's Gard. Did.,
and I believe it has been grown in this neighbour-
hood down to the present time. It is curious how
one naturally turns to Parkinson's Paradisiis and
Gerard's Herbal for the early record of our garden
favourites, and here again we find a full description of
the plant in the former, and a capital plate of it in the
latter, thus carrying us back to Queen Elizabeth's reign.
"There are three sorts of black Hellebor," writes
Parkinson {Paradisus, c. 81), " One that is the true
and right kinde, whose flowers have the most beauti-
ful aspect, and the time of his flowering most rare,
that is, in the deep of winter, about Christmas, when
no other can be seen upon the ground, , . . The
true black Hellebor hath many fair green leaves,
rising from the root, each of them standing on a thick,
round, fleshly, stiffe green stalk, about a hand-breadth
high from the ground, divided into seven, eight, or
nine pairs of leaves, and each of ihem nicked, or
dented, from the middle of the leaf 10 the pointward
on both sides, abiding all the winter, at which time
the flowers rise up, on such short thick stalks as the
leaves stand on, every one by itself, without any leaf
thereon for the most part, or very seldom having one
small short leaf, not much under the flower, and very
little higher than the leaves themselves (the flower),
consisting of five broad white leaves, like unto a
great white single Rose (which sometimes change
to be either less or more purple at the edges,
as the weather or lime of continuance doth effect,
with many pale yellow thrummes in the middle,
standing about a green head, which after growelh to
have divers cods set togeiher, pointed at the ends like
homes ... It growelh in the gardens of those that
arc curious and delight in all sorts of bcautiluU flowers
in our country, but wilde in njany places of Germany,
Italy, Greece, t!v:c. ... It flowers in the end of
December and beginning of Januaiy. It is called the
Helleborus niger verus. We call it in England true
black Hellebore or the Christmas flower, because it is
commonly in flower at or before Christmas."
The woodcut in Parkinson gives a bud, flower, and
two leaves, all cut off short (2d td., 1656).
In Gerard's Ilcrhal (Johnson's edition, 1633), p.
976, there is an excellent illustration of this Helle-
bore, evidently drawn from a living specimen, and
which shows all the distinctive features in root, leaf,
petiole, and flowers. By comparing it with the illus-
tration of H. niger in Bot. Ma«., vol. i., pi. 8, the
differences are at once evident. Gerard's plate
exactly represents H. angustifolius. The description
is not so full as in Parkinson, and appears to have
been partly copied from that author's ; but of the
root he more specifically says, "the roots are many,
with long black strings coming from one head;"
which is a distinctive difference in this variety as com-
pared with the ordinary form of the root of H. niger.
Gerard says : — "In high Dutch it is called
Christ's-ltJUVti — that is, Christ's-herbe, or Christ-
mas herbe— and in low Dutch Jtt,ii)lii:lt hcrst cniljt,
and that because it flowereth about the birth of Jesus
Christ." Curiously, however, the first edition os
Gerard contains a very diff'erent illustration of this
plant, and one entirely unlike it in every particular.
We are told by Johnson, in his address to the
courteous reader of his new edition, that the plates of
the first edition were not engraved especially for that
work, but were obtained by Mr. Norton, the printer,
from several sources. Many of them had been used
in the German Herlnil of Tabernaemontanus, printed
at Frankfort in 15SS. In Johnson's new edition very
many additions and emendations were carried out,
and the new matter by Johnson was marked in the
body of the text, there being also a full catalogue of
additions, in which F stands for figure, and D
description.
Now although a new woodcut is substituted for the
former one of H. niger verus, there is neither the
mark which would attribute it to Johnson, nor is it
catalogued in his additions ; we therefore conclude
that the whole chapter on Hellebores, and the new
illustrations, are entirely as Gerard left them amended
for any future edition of his work.
Mr. Baker, of Kew, has very kindly compared this
plate with the German A'rciilerlnich of Tabernae-
montanus, and has ascertained that the two are en-
tirely dilferent. It is thus pretty clear that the plate
is Gerard's own, and that it was a new one made
specially for this work
Gerard had a large garden in Holborn, wherein
were grown over 1000 species of plants. He devoted
twenty years of his life to botanical pursuits, and was
the means of introducing many new plants into
England. It is thus that the date 1596 so frequently
occurs in our records of plant history. His was the
earliest botanic garden. He was a much better
botanist than a scholar. He drew up a full catalogue
of his plants in 1596 and 1599, and these are fortu-
nately preserved in the British Museum. To make
quite sure that Gerard grew the plant, I wrote to the
British Museum requesting that reference might be
made to these catalogues, and received a very
courteous reply from the Chief Librarian, as follows :
— " ' Helleborus niger verus, and Helleborus niger
alter,' are given at p. S of the list contained in the
' Catalogus arborum, fruticum, et plantarum tam
indigenarum quam exoticarum, in horto Johannis
Gerardi, Londini, 1596.' " I think we may, there-
fore, fairly conclude that H. niger angustifolius,
under the name of H. niger verus, the true Christ-
mas Rose, was thus growing in Gerard's garden
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
John Gerard was a Cheshire man — born in Nant-
wich in 1545. Mr. Sutton, Chief Librarian at our
Manchester Free Reference Library, tells me that he
recollects of Gerard's writings that he frequently
refers to his " garden in Cheshire," as well as to that
in Holborn near to London, and also that our local
592
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 1883.
botanists have been struck by the completeness of his
knowledge of Cheshire plants, showing that he culti-
vated his botinical pursuits in his native county.
What, then, more likely than that he should either
have been the means of introducing this true Christ-
mas Rose into Cheshire, or that, if it were already
there (which is by no means improbable), that he
should have become acquainted with it in one of his
visits to his kinsfolk at Nantwich ?
I have lately been endeavouring to ascertain how
long this plant has been grown in our neighbourhood,
and have found one gardener who has cultivated it
for twenty-two years ; another who has known or
grown it for thirty-two years ; and an old man — a
retired gardener — who can recollect it for fifty years,
during all which period it was grown in his own and
his father's gardens. He says that even then it was
a common plant in all the gardens round. This
Hellebore likes a light soil, and it abounds with us on
what were formerly old moors to the south of Man-
chester, on the borders of Cheshire — Barlow Moor,
Sale Moor, and Baguley Moor. In gardens on these
it thrives and abounds. It is common all over
Cheshire, and appears to have all been propagated by
divisions, as it is always alike. It is largely grown
for cut flowers, which sell readily in winter, and there
are many gardeners who live by this plant almost
entirely.
Its stalks and petioles are purely green, with-
out any purple mottling. It has narrow leaves ; its
flowers are of the purest white. There is a slight
shade of pink in the buds, but it passes away as the
flower expands. Whilst H. altifolius has a pinkish
tint of white, which deepens in colour at the margins
of the sepals, H, angustifolius has a greenish hue of
white, with a green centre, like the flower of Eucharis
amazonica. It is exceedingly floriferous, and has a
compact habit of growth. In early winter the leafage
completely covers over the plant, but as the buds are
lifted up the leaves gradually fall around, so that the
flowers may have room, and they thus fill up the
centre with a mass of white blossoms of the greatest
purity and beauty. They are at their best from the
middle of December to the middle of January, and
are thus indeed true Christmas Roses.
The Scotch variety is not nearly so free from colour,
the petioles and flower-stalks having each a slight
pink mottling, which also shows in the leafage. The
flower was also described by Miss Hope as "large
white flowers tinged on the back with rose." I have
obtained a large plant of this variety from Messrs.
Backhouse, of York, and by the kindness of my
Edinburgh friends a fine plant has also reached me
from the Wardie Lodge garden. I have not yet seen
it in bloom.
There is a third variety, which is well known from
frequent mention of it in the columns of the Garden
as being grown in great perfection on the Hill of
Howth. This appears to be very similar to the
Brockhurst variety, and was obtained originally by
Mrs. Laurenson from an old garden in Kildare, where
it had been grown for at least thirty years. It does
not appear to have existed anywhere else in Ireland.
I am indebted to Mr. Burbidge and " St. Bridgid "
for a fine plant of this variety ; and, so far as I can
yet see, there is no difference in the leafage from the
plants which abound here. I have never seen
it in flower. It was figured by " F. W. B." in
the Garden of I\Tarch 24, 1883, as " H. niger
angustifolius — St. Bridgid's Christmas Rose." Mr.
Burbidge proposes to give the plant the latter
name in the future. If it should prove, as he
states, that it is a new variety, he may with perfect
propriety give it a name, and that an Irish one ; but
if it should turn out to be the same as old Gerard's
variety, surely even St. Bridgid would hesitate before
giving her name to "Christ's-herbe, the true Christ-
mas Rose." Mr. Barr is growing all these three
varieties side by side at Tooting, for which purpose I
sent him one of my large plants some weeks ago. The
same is being done here, and we shall thus be able to
compare the varieties when in bloom. I hope there
will be no attempt made to rob this grand old plant
of the name given to it by our dear old masters
Parkinson and Gerard — the True Christmas Rose.
Wm, Brockhank^ Brockhurst^ Didsbitry, November 3.
TRADE MEMORANDUM.
Enquiries are being made for the address of Mr.
A. J. Curtis, who lately traded under the name of
A. J. Curtis & Co., at 45, Lower Essex Street, and
Laxey Cottage, Nechells, Birmingham.
We are sorry again to have to caution gar-
deners seeking situations against the wiles of so-called
agents, who, under pretence of gaining them occupa-
tion, fleece them of postage-stamps and small sums of
money. No less than three such instances, all ema-
nating from the same source (a man unfavourably
known to us under more than one name, and whose
letters are dated from more than one address), have
come under our notice this week. We would also
warn them against sending their testimonials to such
THE GERMINATION OF SEEDS.
Dr. Sturtevant, the Director of the New York
Agricultural Experimental Station, reports that :^
It early came to our attention that seeds which
responded well to the test for vitality in the germinating
apparatus did not equally respond under circumstances
of garden planting. Hence a few investigations have
been made, in order to decide what relation might
exist between the germinating and the vegetating
power. By germination we mean a vitality in the
seed sufficient to put forth the radicle. By vegeta-
tion, in our tests, we mean that vitality which enables
the seed planted under the favourable conditions of a
testing apparatus to form the cotyledons, or seed-
leaves.
Thus far we have found no constant relation between
the percentage of seeds which germinate and those
which vegetate. In some exceptional cases seed
which gave loo per cent, of germination were unable
to vegetate a single plant. These exceptional dif-
ferences were, however, found only in the case of
some seed which required quite an extended period
for vegetation, and, therefore, was more subjected to
accident than other seeds whose habit was to vegetate
more quickly. In the case of Cauliflowers our best
result was 98 per cent, germination, and 96 per
cent, vegetation while the poorest result gave 87 per
cent, for germination, and 24 per cent, for vegetation.
In general, the Cauliflowers (nine trials being made)
varied in germination from 43 to 98 per cent.,
and in vegetation from 34 to 96 per cent. Turnips
(as the result of twenty- two trials) varied from 20 to
100 per cent, for germination, and from 2 to 98 per
cent, for vegetation. The following table represents
the presumed age of the seeds, the number of the
samples and the per cents, of germination and vege-
tation : —
Presumed
age.
Number of
samples.
Average
per cent,
germi-
nated.
Average
per ceut.
vegetated.
Cauliflower
2 years
6
S7
54
3 years
2
51
36
4 years
I
43
30
CoIIards
2 years
2
9S
78
Mustard
2 years
I
80
34
3 years
6
90
74
10 years
2
4
0
Turnip . .
I year
2
100
90
3 years
13
89
60
4 years
7
77
31
7 years
3
39
14
12 years
I
36
6
There is yet much to be learned in regard to the
value of the germination trials of seeds, as also in
regard to the methods for interpreting the results
gained. Thus, if twenty-five seeds be taken for the
test, and twenty-four germinate, the percent, of ger-
mination is 96. If a hundred seeds be taken, and
ninety-nine germinate, then the percentage figure is
99 per cent. ; while if looo seeds be taken for trial,
and 999 germinate, then the nearest percentage figure
that we can use is lOO per cent.
It is plain, therefore, that the value of the figures
expressed in percentages depends somewhat upon the
number of the seeds taken for trial. In the first case
supposed it is evident that we must either have 96
per cent, or 100 per cent, for the result, according as
the twenty-four or twenty-five seeds germinate, or,
in other words, that the matter of 4 per cent, can
hardly be taken into consideration as meaning a real
difference. If two seeds were taken for trial, and one
germinated, then the percentage of germination would
be 50, and it would be impossible to have any figures
other than 0.50 or lOO per cent, in our trial. This
50 per cent, could scarcely be compared with the
result of trials with a hundred seeds where any ger-
minated, as the results do not admit of interpretation
within sufficiently narrow limits, and accident of selec-
tion has too free scope. In order to eliminate this
difficulty of interpretation it would be well for experi-
menters to use the same number of seeds whenever it
is possible, and a hundred seeds for this purpose form
a convenient unit.
Some seeds will germinate when quite immature.
Thus, Sweet Corn kernels, while in prime edible con-
dition, if carefully removed from the cob, will germi-
nate perfectly. The same fact is true of Peas while
in the edible state. In some trials with unripe Corn
it was found that immaturity of seed hastened the ger-
minative processes, and it is certainly worthy of trial
whether by the use of immature seed we may not
attain earliness in our crops through a series of suc-
cessive selections. If earliness be gained, even at the
expense of some other quality of growth, it may
be possible, through a series of selections, to attain
earliness in varieties and yet retain qualities which
may be sufficient for the purposes of the grower.
A FLOWER MARKET FOR THE
THAMES EMBANKMENT.
Mr, E. J. Tarver, in the current number of the
Builder^ gives a plan for a new flower market, accom-
panied by a letter, from which we take the following
extracts : —
In July of last year, long before the Mid-London
market scheme was published, a private client asked
me to find a site for a building much needed by Lon-
doners, namely, a market where they could go in
cleanliness and comfort to purchase flowers and
" table " fruit and vegetables such as they could carry
away or their footmen could take to them in their
carriages. After seeing two or three sites, he at once
preferred that — at present — melancholy waste at the
foot of Adelphi Terrace, which is screened from the
Embankment Gardens by a raised bank ; for, by
throwing this open to the gardens its position for a
flower market would be most appropriate. Upon
making due inquiries, there was reason to hope that
there would be no difficulty in making the approach
from the one to the other, but that, on the contrary,
such an arrangement would develope the resources of
the beautiful gardens.
The approaches from the Strand exist already, but,
alas ! they are a standing disgrace to London, being
nothing more nor less than the notorious "dark arches
of the Adelphi."
The question of access and departure of wheel
trafiic was also considered, and consisted chiefly of a
return to the very purpose for which these dark arches
were built by the brothers Adam, in July, 1768,
according to a print in the British Museum, which
shows the busy riverside wharf (the site now in ques-
tion), with laden carts approaching by the easy gra-
dient from "York Buildings," and the empty carts
departing by the steeper gradient towards the Strand.
There would be no interference with the privacy of
Adelphi Terrace, while the inhabitants of that select
locality could have their own approaches, guarded by
lock and key, down to the market. Neither would there
be any of the nuisances connected with Covent
Garden Market and its nauseous street litter, for the
goods would be sold from the stalls only, and be too
precious to admit of waste or refuse. These stalls
would face on to a covered avenue on the ground-
floor, and on to terraces over them, these upper stalls
being again surmounted by a second terrace, open
only to Adelphi Terrace, and commanding perhaps
the finest view in London, while a fountain would
plash in the centre, and impart a pleasant freshness to
the whole. The freeholder, however, demurs to his
land being used for the purpose, and so the matter
rests.
The preparation of this design naturally led to inci-
dental suggestions for the improvement of the Embank-
ment gardens, &c., which might or might not have
followed in course of time : —
1. The erection of fountains thereon, one of which
was actually proposed by the Board of Works some
years ago, but afterwards abandoned,
2. The restoration of York Gate to its original
purpose as a thoroughfare, and the revelation of its
buried base, which might fairly stand in a basin of
ornamental water.
3. The erection of a shelter for a band, to be used
in the evenings only, so as not to disturb busy people
during ofiice hours.
4. The miserable wooden stairs to Charing Cross
foot-bridge would surely give way to a more dignified
double flight of stone steps.
Lastly. The dangerous condition of the Embank-
ment, which holds out no chance of rescue to a
drowning person, has suggested the double row of
heavy chains, one within reach at high tide and the
other at low tide, thus giving some employment to
the lions who have held the mooring-rings in their
mouths all these years, and must have been wondering
when we should find a use for them.
November io, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
593
THE KIOSK IN
PARK.
REGENT'S
When the First Commissioner of Her Majesty's
Ofiice of Works granted permission to the Kiosk and
Coffee Stall Company (Limited), of which the Duke
of Westminster, K.G., is the President, to erect two
kiosks in Regent'sPark, he granted one of the greatest
boons that could have been conferred on the thousands
of frequenters using this park for recreation — the
privilege of being able to obtain light refreshments on
the spot, of good quality, and at a moderate cost.
The large circular kiosk near the Broad Walk has been
in use some time, but the small one, depicted in
lig. 104, was only erected this suramerj by Messrs,
stained and varnished, and is now assuming a pleasant
russetty-brown tint. The lofty iron finial and
cresting on the ridge finish off into the clear blue sky
in the most ellective manner, the wind vane pointing
due west when, as on the day our photograph was
taken, it blew from that quarter. In its present posi-
tion the little kiosk seems to want a backing of shrubs
to finish it off, but the pulilic who find it such a boon
will not quarrel with it on that score, but on the con-
trary will, like Oliver Twist, cry for more of the same
sort, as they are badly wanted in all the parks.
BEES AND BLUE FLOWERS.
In reference to this subject, which has been treated
of [at pp. 538 and 570, if space could be granted,
which flower they withdraw hurriedly to another, of
the same kind perhaps.
Viewed in the lijjht, that mere colour would be
useless without other object— if bees are observed
to frequent blue flowers, examination would most
likely detect the presence of some useful product
in the economy of the hive. As nectar, from which
they manufacture honey, is the most important, a
study of those flowers much frequented by bees would
show the observer a special set of organs, such as
glands, discs, or nectariferous scales, or other parts of
the flowers (principally petals and stamens), specially
modified for the same purpose. Larkspur and
Monk's-hood have blue flowers admirably adapted for
the accommodjlion of bees, but at the same time pro-
Fig. 104. — REFRESHMENT PAVILION IN THE REGENT'S PARK.
James Boyd & Sons, of Paisley and London, as an
auxilliary. It stands near the Hanover Gate, close to
the end of the lake, and is 25 feet long and 12
feet 6 inches wide, with the roof projecting all
round. It is a solidly built and well finished
structure, and handsome withal. The orna-
mental columns and pilasters, brackets, and drip,
are of Pitch Pine, turned, and perforated
with fretwork designs. The exterior is covered
horizontally with Red Pine lining and overlap
joints, while the interior is lined vertically with
narrow Pitch Pine lining, as is also the ceiling,
which is coved up into the roof. The counter is
of Pitch Pine, and panelled, with shelves behind,
and a small enclosed office in one corner, and the
front can be closed with shutters. The roof is covered
with Broseley tiles of a dull brindle colour, which
harmonises well with the woodwork below, which is
I might append a few observations and incidental
remarks. Why bees should prefer one colour more
than another is difficult to see, unless the attractions
of that particular one were supplemented by some
useful product of which the insects were in search. The
industrious habits of bees are so well known as to
require no comment, therefore it is far from likely
that they would waste their time in the mere gratifica-
tion of a liking for colour (if they have any) ; on the
other hand, what advantage would be gained were
Nature to practise deception in alluring bees by their
known liking for any one colour only to disappoint
them in not ministering to their requirements ? That
colours do serve the purpose of attracting insects from
a short distance there is no doubt, as is evidenced by
their alighting on many flowers temporarily without
nectar — owing, probably, to its extraction by a fellow-
worker, or otherwise, at an earlier time, and from
viding entertainment for their guests in the curiously
constructed nectar-bearing petals. Many members of
the Crucifer family are highly attractive objects for
bees in spring ; their influence on the garden forms
of the Brassica tribe being particularly noticeable.
Here, then, we have yellow, purple, or white flowers,
not merely serving the purpose of allurement, but
furnished with nectar-bearing glands at the base. The
same thing holds good with other flowers that have at
various times been recommended to be grown for the
use of bees, as Mignonette, Collomia, Impatiens
Roylei, &c., the latter having the posterior sepal con-
verted into a nectariferous spur. Sedum spectabile.
Heaths, Honeysuckle, Telekia speciosa, and Ruta
graveolens, are all examples of flowers much fre-
quented by bees, none of which, it will be observed,
have any trace of blue, but all are accompanied by
honey-bearing [glandular processes of one shape of
594
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, i8
other. Notwithstanding the disagreeably strong
odour of Ruta, and its yellowish-green flowers, bees
seem to be particularly fond of it, while various
flowers in the immediate neighbourhood are com-
paratively deserted. The various members of the Pea
and Rose families have an annular nectar-bearing
disc in the calyx tube, and the preference of bees for
such as Clover, Mellilot, Peas, Beans, Lupins, fruit
rees, Roses, and hundreds of others, is a well-known
fact ; and whether the flowers are red, blue, yellow,
or white, they all receive due attention, as is proved
by actual observation and the freedom with which
fruit is produced.
In the large genus Salvia there are flowers of every
hue, and all well adapted for fertilisation by insects.
In Salvia pratensis, however, the length and narrow-
ness of the tube make it difficult or inconvenient for
bees to reach the bottom, and they accordingly per-
forate the corolla near its base, where they insert
their proboscis. This happens to the blue, rose, and
white coloured varieties of the species alike. Some
species of Symphytum, and Lindelofia spectabilis,
having their throats closed with scales, are pierced in
the same manner. These are mostly blue, but an
analogous case occurs amongst some of the long-
flowered Heaths, as in Erica Aitoniana and E. Shan-
noniana, wilh nearly white flowers, where it is abso-
lutely impossible for bees to enter by the narrow
orifice. With considerable expenditure of energy
they, however, manage to break through ; and the
question may well be asked (and possibly answered,
by their sense of smell), what leads Ihem to expect
anything inside such pale-coloured flowers? That
this is no unusual practice amongst these highly
instinctive insects (especially hive-bees) is apparent
by the unhesitating readiness with which they find the
small aperture, X.
Bfititts of § (JO Its.
The Pinetum Britanicum,
We are glad to be able to announce the publication,
after a long interval, of five parts of thisimportant work,
devoted to the illustration, by means of large coloured
figures and woodcuts, of the hardy trees of the Pine
tribe cultivated in Great Britain. The expression
Pine tribe must be taken in a broad sense, since even
in the present parts we find incliaded the Cypress and
the Cedar, the former of which, at any rate, is hardly
of the Pine tribe in its generally accepted botanical
signification. This, however, is a matter of com-
paratively little moment. In the parts now before us
we have coloured figures of Cupressus Lambertiana,
now generally called C. macrocarpa, as there is no
specific difference between the two, and the name
Lambertiana has only provisional and temporary rank,
never having been authoritatively published according
to the recognised rules of botanical nomenclature.
The Corsican Pine, Pinus Laricio, is also the subject
of a coloured plate, while a photograph ol the Cedars
on Lebanon in silii, and a map of their geographical
distribution are given. The text comprises descrip-
tions technical and popular of the following species : —
Pinus albicaulis, the Rexilis of gardens ; P. Balfouri-
ana, P. aristata, P. porphyrocarpa, and Cedrus Libani
in part. Since the preceding parts were published
more attention has been paid to the leaf-structure and
the description of the resin canals than formerly, and
in conformity with this we find in the present part
diagrams representing the arrangements in question.
Similarly, the text, some of which had been prepared
for several years, has been brought to date, in illus-
tration of which we may mention that the Cyprus
variety of the Cedar finds a place, and that the most
recent information as to the distribution of the tree
has been given. Although this intercalation of new
matter will in some sense produce some discrepancy
between the older and newer portions of the work,
still it was clearly the duty of the Editor to bring his
information down to the present time. We are glad
to learn from an announcement issued with the
present part that the whole work will be completed,
with title and index, in January, 1SS4. The work
may be had from Mr. Ravenscroft, 14, Loudoun
Road, St. John's Wood, London, N.W.
Guesses at Purpose in Nature, with especial
Reference to Plants. By W. P. James, M.A.
(Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.)
In this little book an English Vicar, accompanied
by his daughter, make what we can but call a some-
what unfair attack upon a young and susceptible
doctor, They get h'm first of all in the saloon of a
steamer bound for the West Indies, and not content
wilh that they seize upon him afterwards in the
study at the vicarage in Wales, and there they, or
at least the Vicar, pound him with discussions as to
the evidence of design in Nature, and on the assump-
tion that evolution necessarily precludes the idea of
design. The Doctor probably, as the result of his
training, would necessarily admit the principle of
evolution, the operation of which is daily brought
under his notice, but how he could account in a
rational manner for the existence of anything to
be evolved without postulating the existence of
an "evolver," or supreme First Cause, it is diffi-
cult to see. If it be true that mutual adaptations
and adjustments have taken and are taking place
there must be some power, in virtue of which such
changes take place. Wonderful as a lump of proto-
plasm may be both actually and still more poten-
tially, we cannot by any analysis, chemical or
physical, understand its marvellous endowments, still
less create them synthetically. So we have no doubt
that the Doctor and the Vicar, however much they
may have differed upon points of minor detail, and
however differently they may have regarded the same
object, had a common starting point from which each
diverged according to his own innate tendencies and
the diverse operation of external causes. Because the
sun at mid-day sends his beams northward, south-
ward, eastward, westward, and which are reflected and
refracted in all sorts of ways, according to the varying
density of the media they traverse, do we infer that
there is any essential difiference in those rays however
wide apart they become ? And so it seems to us, that
the author of this book is rather slaying the slain, un-
less, indeed, he be, as we do not think he is, one of
that persuasion who think that no other line of thought
but their own can be right. Whether or no, the book
is pleasant and suggestive, more accurate as to state-
ment of fact and more temperate in argument than
such books are wont to be. Incidentally the author
alludes to the rarity of truly blue fruits, but he has
forgotten the fruits of Psychotria cyanococca, Cocco-
cypselum discolor, and others. We have our doubts as
to whether the form in which the book is cast is quite
the best that could have been adopted. To us it
seems much too artificial, not to say fictitious, and
Saitdford ana Merton like. Readers who from the
opening paragraphs may fairly infer that the law of
natural selection is to be illustrated in the instance of
Miss Trevor and Ross will find themselves dis-
appointed, and will judge the book accordingly !
^— Hardy Perennials (Gill, 170, Strand) has now
reached the genus Saxifraga in the alphabetical sequence.
It is a handy little book, which will prove useful to
lovers of these plants. Some of the figures are good,
others are hard and stiff. The cultural directions
seem as judicious as they are clearly stated.
Bulbs and Bulb Cullure (Gill, 170, Strand)
is broad in its comprehensiveness, since it includes
Gloxinias, Alstromerias, Pceonies, Agapanthus, Oxalis,
with short descriptive notes, directions for culture,
and illustrative woodcuts.
of Cattleya Trian^ having as many as a dozen flower-
sheaths on each, and even the smallest pieces exhibit
a desire to bloom, which proves that they are com-
fortable. To an observant grower the small and
sickly plants are sure indications of how the large
strong ones are doing. If the poor pieces go back
now the strong ones will follow shortly, but if the
weak ones thrive all is well, and the success of
the whole certain. The cold houses are bright
with the never failing Odontoglossum Alexandra,
O. Pescatorei, Sophronitis grandiflora (one having a
bloom 3 inches across), Oncidium Forbesi, O. prae-
textum, Lycastes, &c. The Phalcenopsis-house is a
neat little structure, containing a good stock of P.
Stuartiana, P. Sanderiana, P. violacea, P. Schilleriana
(with grand round fleshy leaves), and indeed speci-
mens of most of the good Plalanopsids, and all in
fine health. The house also contains some good
plants of C, Spicerianum and other warm-house Cypri-
pediums, and on a moss-covered shelf at one end is
a sturdy clean lot of Odontoglossum Roezlii, In
this situation it thrives well, the house is generally at
a mean temperature of 65" to 70°, and consequently
the plants are never dried up and weakened by exces-
sive heat, neither are they perished by cold currents of
air. They are syringed lightly with rain-water once
or twice a day, and are found to thrive better thus
than when they are watered profusely in the pot.
Teak wood baskets of good quality are much in use
here, and the plants seem to find something very
grateful to the roots in them. Mr. Bonny began by
making his own, and now he has extended his opera-
tions in the making of Orchid baskets, so as to be
able to supply them both good and cheap to other
growers, either with copper or galvanised iron wires.
It cannot, however, be too distinctly understood that
no other than copper wire should be used ; leaves
touching it are not injured, but whenever they touch
galvanised iron they are hopelessly damaged.
Odontoglossum grande. — -Amongst cool-house
Orchids probably no genus affords an equal number
of species so popular and valuable for horticultural
purposes as that of Odontoglossum, There is, more-
over, so great a degree of variation that the number
of distinct types is considerable. The present is a
striking instance, and may well claim rank as a species
that possesses both size and substance, together with
a colour which, if it cannot be described as gorgeous,
is nevertheless sufficiently defined to be highly attract-
ive. The chief colours are yellow and rich chocolate-
brown, which in the sepals alternate in irregular
transverse bands and blotches ; but in the petals the
brown is confined to the lower half. Curiously enough
the labellum is almost orbicular, of a creamy colour,
and marked at the base with pale brown spots. The
crest, always a very marked characteristic, is here
large and prominent. By the latter mark alone a keen
observer could probably recognise most of the species,
so great is the range of variation, yet constant in each.
The plant is now flowering in the Kew collection, and
by its dwarf habit and other qualities well merits cul-
tivation. There is a figure of it in the Bolaniial
Magazine, 3955.
^n\xi |olt5 1.1.(1 |tel.il.jii, t'"'" ""' "l"' I"""''*-
Mr. J. E. Bonny's Orchids, Hackney Downs.
— The six little houses, all as it were under one roof
and covering a very small town garden at 88, Downs
Park Road, situate close to a busy thoroughfare, and
within a few yards of a railway, serve to demonstrate
the ease with which Orchids may be grown even in
towns, provided due regard be paid to the considera-
tion of their wants. The houses are ventilated into
each other and also to the outer air, and most exten-
sive provisions are made for catching and storing the
rain-water. The latter arrangement, no doubt, has a
great deal to do with the wholesome character of the
air in the houses and consequently with the good con-
dition of the plants, for wherever a bulk of water is
collected in a house an additional lung seems to be
supplied to it, not so much by reason of the moisture
it gives off as by the well known property water has
of attracting and condensing impurities in the air.
The main features of the little collection are Odonto-
glossums, Cattleyas and Laelias, and Phalcenopsis,
and these are remarkably well done, some of the plants
Stoves. — Flowering Plants.— Many of these
that have been giving good returns for several months
past, both for cutting purposes and in rendering the
stove gay, will now be pretty well spent. All
superfluous growth on these may be taken away,
and the plants reduced in compass to economise
space for the winter stock of plants advancing
into bloom. Care must be taken in performing
this operation with such as Ixoras and other hard-
wooded subjects, not to be unduly severe. The
better plan wilh Ixoras is always lo have a young
stock coming on. Such as Allamandas, Bougain-
villeas, and Clerodendrons, can be considerably
reduced. We like to winter these things in a diy
warm pit by themselves, so that their somewhat
ungainly appearance when divested of their foliage
may not be an eyesore in the arrangement of the
general collection. The deciduous section that are
now going to rest should be kept pretty dry at the
root, avoiding the extreme, however, of excessive
drought. Caution must also be exercised with
Dipladenias, not to keep them so freely watered as
November io, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONIC LP
S<^?>
when in more active growth. I do not think it a
good plan to dry them off too severely ; if examined
at the root, even when the plant appears to be in a
dormant state, the roots will be found invariably to
be in a fairly active condition. D. anicena is still in
flower with us ; its pale coloured blossoms, after the
way of D. splendens, are very distinct and pleasing.
Unlike the high-coloured forms, as D. lirearleyana
and D. hybrida, which intensify in colour with the
age of the bloom, D. amccna grows paler in its tints,
fading into a delicate pale flesh colour. This
variety ought to be more grown than it is for
its distinctness and decided contrast to the high
coloured kinds. The present is a good lime to cleanse
the Dipladenias of mealy-bug and scale. The
former parasite appears to be more at home on plants
of this genera than any other, increasing most rapidly.
Every means should, therefore, be used to thoroughly
eradicate it during the resting season. The foliage of
the Dipladenia being very susceptible to the least in-
jury, the milky juice exuding so freely, great care is
needed in the cleansing process. By-and-bye, when
young shoots are put forth, a considerable amount of
injury will be occasioned if insect destroying has to be
followed. Thrips will often attack the Ixoras at this
season of the year, the more so if the plants are near
the hot-water pipes. A sharp watch should be kept,
and measures be taken in time ; sponging with a weak
insecticide will answer where there is only a small
colony, but if more prevalent, three fumigations on
succeeding afternoons with a dry atmosphere will be
the most effectual remedy.
That part ol the stock of Eucharis that has
recently given a good return in flower-spikes should
be induced to make fresh growth. By this means
some of the bulbs that missed putting up spikes when
the others did, may be induced to send up some now
that will come in useful after the Chrysanthemums
are over. We have some that are doing this at the
present time ; but they are not in any case the same
bulbs that have yielded a return for some considerable
time past. Some weeks back, when we had several
spikes up at one time, we kept some of the plants in
a cooler house, the blossoms that opened in this
lower temperature kept in perfection longer than the
others, being of more substance. The night tempera-
ture of this house was about 60^ on the average ; this
has occasioned me to consider whether it would not
be better to always open the flowers in a temperature
a trifle lower than that in which the plants make their
growth. I mean to experiment in this direction when
the lirst opportunity occurs.
Part of the stock of Poinsettias may with advantage
be kept a bit cooler for a few weeks longer ; this will
bring them in fresher for Christmas time. As long as
they do not remain in a lower night temperature than
55* no fear need be apprehended of their coming to
any injury. Feeding with manure-water will greatly
aid those that are now fast developing their floral
bracts. The stock of Gesneras grown for display at
this season will now be in good form, these will re-
quire watering pretty freely whilst the spikes are being
developed. Unfortunately, we cannot succeed with
them through the proximity to the fog and smoke.
We are also failing with Clerodendron fallax from the
same cause. Lately, we had some beautiful little
plants of this handsome stove shrub in full flower, a day
or two, however, of foggy weather brought the ex-
panded blossoms and many of the buds off in numbers,
the surface of the soil being more gay with them than
we liked to see it. We succeed with Thyrsacanthus
rutilans. Fortunately, spring struck stock are now
showing a good number of spikes, that will make a
gay display in December. The fog above referred to
was also very destructive amongst Begonia Knows-
leyana when making a good show. This species is
most valuable for the dull autumn months, coming
into flower well before B. insignis. Keep an eye on
the Gloxinias that are now resting, a little water
occasionally should be given, sufficient to prevent the
bulbs from exhausting themselves. These and the
Achimenes will winter safely in a temperature not
lower than 50°. Now that every available space is
needed toaccommodale the general collection of plants,
all overgrown or useless stock should be dispensed
with, to give more room for those most in request.
Instead of thus parting with some tall plants of flower-
ing Begonias, we have them trained against a bare and
rather unsightly wall. This being a bit damp at all
times, seems to suit them well whilst the room they
thus occupyis verylittle. Gesnera oblongata, a shrubby
species, is also at home in the same position, emitting
roots that are clinging to the wall. The night tem-
perature ol the stove proper should now range from
65° to 67° in mild weather, 5° lower if frost or cold
winds prevail. Allow from 7" to 10° rise during the
day, with a little ventilation on favourable occasions.
In damp weather the atmospheric moisture should also
be reduced ; when additional heat in the pipes how-
ever has to be maintained, an increase should be made
to counteract the otherwise injurious effects of the
drier atmosphere. Janus Hudson^ GHUncrsbury
House Gardens, Acton, IV,, Nov, 0.
Take advantage of every favourable opportunity to
get manure on to the land and to dig or trench vacant
ground. During summer one oftentimes simply points
the ground over, but it is most essential now that the
garden should be thoroughly dug over not less than
10 or 12 inches deep. All half worn out spades should
be handed over to the pleasure-ground staff for flower
borders, &c., and let nothing but good tools be found
in the kitchen garden, where deep cultivation is indis-
pensably necessar;-. Make a sowing of Early Maza-
gan Beans, and if the soil is light and the rainfall not
excessive a few quarts of early Peas may be sown on
a south border. The Celery may soon need protec-
tion should frost come — some protective material
should be at hand ; Sedge grass. Fern, or straw will
do best. On no account use stable litter nor damaged
hay ; the former will ruin the flavour and the latter
till the ground with grass seeds, which will grow in
the spring. Where wood is plentiful the labourers
can easily, with feather-edged boards, knock up on
wet days a light span-roof cap to the ridge, easily
lifted otT in fine weather. Jerusalem Artichokes keep
best in the ground, so that it is well to cover the
ground with something to keep out the frost : not that
they are in the least aftected by it, only it will prevent
the ground getting frozen, making it difficult to dig
them up.
FOKCING. — The daily decline in the temperature
reminds us that a part of our Calendar must now be
devoted to the forcing ground. Seakale is a most
important vegetable, which, from the beginning of
December, ought to be daily found on the table during
that and the three following months. In all the
best gardens the old plan oi forcing it in the open
border has been abandoned, the plan of lifting the
entire crop, which is annually planted in March, being
adopted instead, therefore in some warm place intro-
duce suflicient heads to furnish a supply for ten days.
The Mushroom-house answers perfectly, or under the
stage of the stove-house ; but perhaps the best is a
three-light box placed on the top of a bed of leaves,
and half-filled with light soil ; and a light planted
every ten days will yield sufficient for a good sized
family; 1 500 heads can easily be forced in this
way during the winter months. Add fresh linings to
the bed when the heat declines, and keep the lights
well covered up to blanch the Kale. Perhaps no
plant is more impatient of heat at the roots than this,
therefore be careful to see that the soil is only luke-
warm. Rhubarb can be forced in exactly the same
way as the former, but the finest we always get from
a border where it is grown purposely for forcing ;
covered with barrels, and surrounded by ferment-
ing materials, it comes fine and in abundance.
If a supply of new Potatos is required during March
and April, the planting must be seen to at once. In
districts where there is an abundance of tree leaves,
it is much the best plan to dig out a pit in a
sheltered place, and fill it with leaves, afterwards
covering it with three-light boxes which answer per-
fectly. The soil should be light, the sets whole, and
some new early kind planted about a dozen sets in a
light. For a supply during May and June we plant
at once in pits or frames, but no heat is required for
these, and between every row we plant strong plants
of early Lettuce ; these come in most useful for salad
during early spring and are seldom much in the way
of the Potatos. The earliest Lettuce which we have
found for this purpose is Tom Thumb, and the Cab-
bage kinds are best for this purpose. Take up several
roots of Tarragon and Mint and place them in a gentle
heat to come on for winter use, and introduce Chicory
and Dandelion roots into the Mushroom-house or some
such place where they can be forced in the dark for
salad. Keep the Mushroom-house warm and moist and
be most careful in syringing the beds if they get dry to
see that the water is not below 80°— cold water applied
at this time of the year will ruin a whole bed. Give
abundance of air to Cauliflower and I^etluce plants in
frames, the great secret is to keep theni dry rather than
otherwise, and to give plenty ol air to keep them hardy
for the coming winter. A three-light b:ix should be
placed on a gentle hot-bed and fifled with Asparagus,
keeping the lights close till the grass comes well up,
admitting air according to the weather, and take
care to see that there is plenty of Sedge-grass, Fern,
or other litter, ready in case of severe weather coming
unexpectedly. J. Rust, EriU^e Castle, iiissex.
Peaches an6 Kectarines.
Cakry out the directions given in my last Calen-
d.ir as to preparing the early house for starting by the
middle or end of the month. I seldom start ours
before the end, as there is very little, if anything,
gained by commencing so very early. Any little time
apparently lost now will be easily made up by a little
extra forcing after the stoning process is complete ;
but il desirable a house may be started at once. AH
that will be necessary for the first two or three weeks
will be to close the house, for with a continuation of
the unusually mild weather we are having, no fire-
heat will be required for the present. Ventilate fieely
succession and late houses, and go over the trees and
remove all leaves that are at all loose, or any late
lateral growths, so a sto give the young wood all the
light and air possible. Any root-prunin» in these
houses, or any trees that it is desirable to move,
may be pushed on with at once, for the sooner such
work is now done the better it will be for the wel-
fare of the trees. Examine the roots in all borders,
and if at all dry give liberal supplies of water. If
the wood in late houses is not thoroughly ripe a little
fire-heat may still be used. I find it necessary to use
a little here for a short time longer. This may seem
rather late to be using fire-heat in Peach-houses, but
our late houses are somewhat shaded by tall trees a
short distance away, and being kept as late as we
can possibly keep them, they require plenty of fire-
heat to get the wood thoroughly well ripened. J.
IValUs, KccU Gardens, Nov. 6.
iTucumbers.
The plants put out in ihe end of September
will by this time have furnished the greater
part of the trellis with bearing shoots. They bhould
not, however, be allowed to fruit providing they
have ample scope for root-action, and the fruit i^ not
required before Christmas. But, on the other hand,
if the roots are growing in a confined space, such as
in pots or boxes, and which they have filled with
roots, then it will be advisable to allow the plants
to swell off a few fruits, but let the number be
only sufficient for the purpose, for upon the
judicious or unwise cropping of the plants through
November and the early part of December depends
success or failure {other points being properly attended
to) in maintaining a supply of fruit equal to the
demand during the winter months. Therefore crop
lightly, and otherwise attend to the stopping, thin-
ning, and tying of the shoots, and remove forthwith
ary decayed portion of wood or leaf that may appear,
and let cleanliness prevail throughout. Damp the
house and plants more or less morning and afternoon,
shutting up the house at I o'clock ; but be always
guided in the execution of these details by the internal
and external conditions of the atmosphere and tempe-
rature. Let the fires be stopped soon after S o'clock
on bright mornings, by which time solar will have
taken the place of artificial heat. The fires should be
again started in the afternoon as the sun is going off
the houses and decreasing in force, so that by the
time the heat husbanded by entrapping the sun's rays
by shutting up early has declined to 65°, the heat
radiated from the hot-water pipes may be sufficient to
maintain that temperature in the house during the
night ; but in the event of severe frost a night tempe-
rature of 60° will be ample, and to obtain and main-
tain even this low temperature in a moderately large-
sized house the supply of piping must be liberal.
H, //'. Ward, Lousford Castk.
BouvARDiA STRIGOSA. — As a species this is very
distinct in habit and foliage from those garden forms
or hybrids on which growers depend for their autumnal
and winter display of this class of plants. It is an
old introduction now flowering in the stove at Kew,
and producing its flowers in terminal umbels — a cha-
racter common to all, and which, although not indi-
vidually large, are of an intense red or scarlet colour,
with a yellow hairy eye. Unlike those better known
sorts, however, instead of forming an erect branching
undershrub, the slender shoots depend in a graceful
manner, so that it would form an excellent basket
plant, or at least lend additional variety and interest
to a collection grown for decorative purposes,
596
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Stoke Newington Chrj'sanlhemum Society's
Show (two days).
Lambeth Amateur Chrj'san them urn Society's
Show {three days).
Sales of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' and
Protheroc & Morris' Rooms,
r Royal Horticultural Society: Meeting ol
Fruit and Floral Committees, at ii A.M.;
Scientific Committee, at i P.M.
Royal Horticultural Society of Southamp-
ton's Autumn Show (two days),
Tuesday, Nov. 13 ■< Putney and District Chrysanthemum So-
ciety's Show.
Sale of Lilium auratum and other Liiy
Bulbs, at Prothcroe & Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Nursery Stock, at Lee's Nursery,
Feltham, by Protheroe & Morris.
'Borough of Hackney Chrysanthemum So-
ciety s Show, at the Westminster Aqua-
rium {two days).
Croydon Chrysanthemum Show {two days).
Wednesdav. Nov. 14 -i Saleof Hardy Plants Bulbs, and Imported
* ^ I Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms.
Sale of Camellias, Azaleas, Roses, &c , at
Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Nursery Stock, at Bailey's Nursery,
Petersfield, by Protheroe & Morris.
* Kingston and Surbiton Chrysanthemum So-
ciety's Show {two days).
Chrj'santhemum Show at Staines.
Thursday. Nov. 15 -i J-'""^^". S°^"^^>' ?"^^^!.^' J^-^' , ^,
•^ I sale ol Imported Orchids, at Stevens
i Rooms,
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
L Rooms.
r Chrysanthemum, Fruit, and Vegetable
t Show at Canterbury {two days).
Mn., .fi J Sale of Imported and other Orchids, at
ixov. 10 -j Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
I Sale of Plants and Effects, at Mill Cottage,
Woodford, by Protheroe & Morris,
Sales of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
Rooms ; and Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe &
Morris'.
that the tubers of Solanum tuberosum first pro-
duced in this country were any better than
those of the new Solanum Ohrondii.
It is a singular coincidence that we should be
able on this occasion to bring under notice
another esculent root of some promise. Some
tubers placed at our disposal by the courtesy of
Sir Joseph Hooker enable us to confirm
what is said with reference to the " Kumara,"
by Mr. Hemsley, at p. 601.
Friday,
Saturday, Nov.
''{
THE introduction of a little fresh blood is
admitted on all hands to be, in all proba-
bility, a very valuable resource in cases where,
from the accidents incidental to long cultiva-
tion and in-and-in breeding, the stock has
become enfeebled or prone to disease of various
natures. On this account we hasten to call the
attention of our readers to what is described as
a New Species of Potato in the current
number of the Revue Hotticole. The species
in question is named after its discoverer, a
surgeon in the French navy, named Ohrond.
By this gentleman the Solanum Ohrondii was
gathered on the Island of Goritti, in the mouth
of the Rio de la Plata. The soil in which the
plant grows is described to be of a sandy cha-
racter, the climate temperate, with marked sea-
sonal fluctuations and a cool summer. The
tubers of the plant, not larger than a Hazel-nut,
were found on the surface of the sand. Some
tubers were sent in 1880 to M. Blanchard,
the gardener of the naval hospital at Brest, who
has cultivated them ever since, as also has
M. CARRifeRE at Montreuil, near Paris.
M. CARRlfeRE gives a full description of
the plant, and says that with him the
growth is nearly continuous, so that under
favourable circumstances two crops of tubers
have been yielded in one season. Moreover,
the plant produces underground runners, which
send up flowering shoots. M. Blanchard, in
the moist, mild climate of Brest, finds it almost
impossible to destroy the plant, owing to this
habit of producing stolons. Moreover, he
declares it to be perfectly hardy at Brest, and
asserts that already the tubers show a tendency
to increase in size, and that the plants have in
no instance been attacked by the Potato dis-
ease. The flavour of the tubers when cooked
is a little acrid, resembling that of Potatos
which have become green by exposure to
light ; and they are said also to be waxy.
It seems clear, from the experiments of M.
Blanchard and M. Carri^re, that the plant
is susceptible of improvement, and that it may
prove serviceable either directly or as furnish-
ing means of hybridisation with our present
varieties.. We hope that our French friends
will give us the means of trying the cultivation
of this new species in this country, for it seems
certain, from the detailed report given in our
contemporary, that the " potentialities," as old
Sam Johnson would have said, of this new
species (if new it be) are so great as to render
it desirable that every effort should be made to
investigate the qualities of the plant. Those who
may be able to do so need not be discouraged at
the results at first obtained, We do not suppose
Erica Cavendishiana. — The accompany-
ing illustration (fig. 105) represents an extraordinary
specimen of the Cavendish Heath (Erica Cavendishi-
ana), which has been grown by Mr. Cypher at
Cheltenham, and exhibited this season at Oxford and
other places. It is a very large, well grown plant, 5 feet
4 inches in diameter, and the most profusely flowered
example of this fine Heath we have ever seen — the
flowers all over the plant, from top to bottom, back
as well as front, being literally piled on each other.
Respecting large specimens ot this description there
was a time when the leading exhibitions were over-
done with them, consisting almost wholly of such ;
but at the present day there is some danger of the
opposite extreme coming about, as where the display
is all but entirely made up of small stuff possessing
nothing remarkable in cultivation: the result is poor in
effect, and does little to illustrate what can be accom-
plished by skilful culture. There is room enough for
all, large, small, and medium sized ; and of such, to
be instructive, horticultural exhibitions should consist.
Pyracantha Berries.— We all of us owe
it to the birds to defend them from unjustifiable
charges, as they have had to suffer so much from our
prejudice and ignorances. A gardener remarked to
us recently that the birds had made very early inroad
into the berries of the Pyracantha, and indeed the
lacerated and spotted berries bore out that interpre-
tation. It was not the true one, however, for on
examining the berries more carefully it became
obvious that the fruits had cracked, as Pears do upon
occasion, and that the apparent lacerations were
nothing but the separation of the Seshy flower-stem
from the dry hard carpels in the interior, which
would the more readily be dispersed. And so
the birds, indirectly and unconsciously, were the
means of confirming the notion that the so-called
"fruit " of the Apple, Pear, CratEegus, Medlar, is no-
thing but the end of the flower-stalk, which swells
out into a fleshy mass surrounding and partially
adherent to the carpels or core in the interior.
"The Science Monthly." — This is the
title of a new monthly periodical published by Bogue,
St. Martin's Place, and devoted to various sciences,
treated from a "popular" point of view. It is well
got up, illustrated with numerous woodcuts, and very
low priced. The contents are very varied, ranging
from Astronomy to Zoology. Botany and Horticul-
ture are less well represented than other departments,
but no doubt they will get their turn in due course,
LiNNEAN Society of London. — Papers to
be read at the meeting, Thursday, November 15,
at 8 P.M. : — I. " Reproduction of the Zygnemaceifi ; "
A. W. Bennett. 2. " Antenna; of the Honey
Bee : their Structure and Functions ; " T. J. Briant,
3. " Structural Peculiarities in the Stem of Rhyncho-
petalum montanum ; " F, O, Bower.
Browning of Thuias.— A correspondent
sends us sprays of Thuia occidentalis of a rich brown
colour, and which he thinks are attacked by some
disease, the more so as the discoloration is confined to
certain plants in a particular situation. The appear-
ance in question is common enough in Thuias, and in
Retinosporas, and is hardly to be called a disease,
since it is merely a natural process consisting in the
shedding of the branches in the same manner as the
leaves of the deciduous trees. This process was long
ago described in our columns under the name " Clad-
optosis," by the Rev. M, J. Berkeley. A similar
phenomenon is common enough in the Oak and the
Ash. It is a species of natural pruning or thinning,
whereby the plant disburdens itself of excessive
growths. No doubt particular circumstances hasten
and increase the process, such as overshading, unsuit-
able soil, and the like. Gardeners whose Thuias
show this condition need not concern themselves
much about it, as in due time the browned branches
will fall, new ones will form, and the appearance of
the tree will be restored. A large plant of T.
gigantea (Lobbi) under our own observation was so
disfigured in this manner that we had some
thoughts of removing it, but have now reason to be
glad that we had a little patience ; of course if
there are any morbid conditions that is another
matter. We see none in the specimens before us.
Benzoin. — Mr. Holmes tells us in the
Pliarmaceutical Journal that there are four varieties
of this fragrant gum in commerce, called respectively
Sumatra, Palemberg, Penang, and Siam Benzoin.
Sumatra Benzoin is the produce of Styrax Benzoin.
The source of the other varieties is not definitely
known. Mr. Holmes has been enabled to secure
material, including a living plant of the Sumatra
Benzoin. The evidence at present is not conclusive,
but there are reasons for thinking it the produce of a
species allied to S. Benzoin.
English Botany. — Messrs. Bell & Sons
send us No. 85 of the third edition of this valuable
publication, containing full descriptions and coloured
illustrations of many of our British Ferns and
Equiseta.
'" The Culture of Vegetables and
Flowers, &c. — We have received from Messrs.
Sutton a copy of a work just issued under this title.
It is handsomely got up, and contains articles on the
work to be done in the vegetable and flower gardens,
the formation of lawns, the insects and fungi attack-
ing cultivated plants, and other matters which will
necessitate a more detailed notice at a future time.
The publishers are Hamilton, Adams & Co., Pater-
noster Row.
Woods, Forests, and Estates of Perth-
shire.— We are glad to see that Mr. Hunter has
reprinted the valuable and pleasant series of articles
that have from time to time appeared in the Perth-
shire ConstihitionaL The work is published at Perth
by Henderson, Robertson & Hunter, and de-
mands a fuller notice at our hands, which we propose
to give it on another occasion.
Orchids and Nepenthes at the Vic-
toria and Paradise Nursery. — In the house
where the principal lot of Orchids in flower is stood
there is now a grand variety of Odontoglossura
Insleayi, bearing the name of Insleayi splendida ; the
sepals and petals are much finer coloured than the
ordinary form, the lip is very large and exquisitely
coloured, the centre is a clear bright yellow, with a
well defined margin of vivid crimson bars running all
round from the extreme outer edge inwards for about
an eighth ol an inch ; the spike is large, and altogether
it is a beautiful Orchid. With it is Cattleya Gaskelli-
ana, a fine variety ; C. Dowiana aurea, and C. gigas,
another fine form of a fine species. Amongst a num-
ber of Oncidiums were several varieties of O. Forbesii,
quantities of O. verrucosum, including the true
verrucosum Rogersii, with its large pure yellow
lip. The pretty Crelogyne ocellata maxima, bearing
unusually long racemes ; Dendrobium formosum,
D. superbiens, with its long-lasting deep purple
flowers, the colour, rare in Orchids, not unlilce that of
Polygala Dalmaisiana ; and Zygopetalum Gautieri.
Amongst Cypripediums is C. Maulei var. Chantinii, the
finest of this section, the clear white colour of the
dorsal sepal extending in a broad band all round the
outer edge ; C. Spicerianum, the variety with pure
white sepal, and also that with the violet shade.
Grown as Vandas are by Mr. Williams, the long
house they occupy is always a treat to see, and seldom
more so than about this season, when Orchid flowers
are scarcer than at any other time. There are a
number in bloom, including several examples of V,
suavis, differing considerably in character, but all
fine ; of V. tricolor there is V. tricolor var. Patersoni,
a variety with large highly-coloured flowers ; V, tri-
color formosa, the true form, the flowers are of great
substance and very distinct in the marking. If the
requirements of Vandas had been generally undestood,
and their cultivation so successful as with Mr. Williams,
these noble plants would have been as much in
fashion as Cattleyas and Odontoglossums. All they
want is keeping with their heads close to the glass,
with a very thin shade, and that only when the sun is
on them, and an absence of the stewing, hot, vapour-
laden atmosphere, which results in quick growth,
but the long soft foliage made under such conditions
November io, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
597
as quickly perishes. The plants here are furnished
down to the pots with short stout leaves, that seem
to retain their vitality for an indefinite time. Hung
up, almost touching the roof in this house are some
grand specimens of Saccolabium guttatum, with eight
or ten growths each, masses of healthy leaves, with
an unusual quantity of roots, that half hide the
baskets in which the plants are grown. In the cool
Orchid houses the large stock of Odontoglossum
crispum and O. Pescatorei are bristling with bloom
spikes, in various stages of development, promising a
profusion of flowers through the winter ; many
fine forms are now open, some in which the
flowers nre whole coloured without spot or freckle.
fine free pitchering sort, highly coloured ; N. Wil-
liamsii, a strong grower ; N. atrosanguinea, distinct
in colour ; N. hybrida, a deep-coloured variety ; with
N. Rafllesiana, still one of the best. There are many
with medium-sized pitchers, distinct in habit, afford-
ing a nice contrast to the largest as well as the small
kinds. Any one possessing a stove wherein a brisk
heat is kepi up who does not grow Nepenthes is so
far short of getting all the interest they might out of
it, for in the whole vegetable kingdom there is nothing
existent that contains so much that is singularly beau-
tiful. The long house running across the western
end of the nursery, where used to be grown large
('an)ellias, is n^^ filled with grernhnii^e Khododen-
at Kingston as ordinary trade stuff, but they are
made into splendid exhibition plants, and indeed
the collection of these in Messrs. Jackson's hands
is, perhaps, one of the finest in the kingdom. Even
at this time of the year, when few are in bloom, the
plants are rich in their foliage, and are thus beautiful
to look upon when all outside is dull and dreary.
The fullest exposure seems to be given to all the
plants when the weather is open, and as a result
the growth is singularly dense and compact, yet
vigorous. It is amusing to learn that the cats which
abound in the quiet .Surrey market town exhibit a
special penchant for some of the more Ini<:hv Tfeaths
when the houses are ()|K-n, and make the heads
Fig. 105.— specimen plant ok erica cavendishiana : 5 feet 4 inches in diam. (see p. 596.)
others heavily marked ; the length ol the spikes and
the size of the individual flowers, telling their
own tale as to the strength and condition of
the plants. O. Pescatorei is in equal form, the big,
many-branched spikes being almost as attractive as
the larger Howered O. ciispum, and for cutting even
more useful.
Nepenthes. — Always attractive as are Pitcher-
plants when well-grown, at no season are they to
be seen in such condition as in the autumn, when
their summer's growth is fresh on them, with every
leaf bearing a pitcher. The roofs of the houses
here, in which the plants are closely hung in long
rows, are literally a mass of pitchers in endless forms,
varying much in colour and marking. Amongst
them are a number of the beautiful seedling varieties
in which this nursery is so rich :— N. Henryana, a
drons, of which there is a large collection, in plants
of various sizes,
Heaths at Kingston. — Of the many
who will assuredly flock to see the grand show
of the popular Chrysanthemum at Kingston next
Thursday and Friday, not a few will look in
at the Messrs. Jackson's nursery to see their fine
display of that flower — and as becomes so classic a
locality, a good one will be found. Some may
perhaps find as much of interest in looking over
the truly grand collection of Heaths, for which the
firm have long been famous — and not only many in
variety, but represented by such splendid specimen
plants, that it is most refreshing to find some things
grown that are neither Palms, Ferns, nor foliage
plants. Heaths are not only remarkably well done
of the plants their beds, to the injury of the
specimens, and the discomposure of the growers.
A few sharp-pointed sticks, however, will com-
pose a mattress that even Grimalkin finds uncom-
fortable. Some of the Heaths are now in bloom,
and, indeed, it may be said of the family —
as can be said of few others — that some of its
members are never out of flower. We should like
to see Heaths somewhat more universally grown, for
few plants are more floriferous, and when in bloom
more beautiful. Perhaps a sight of Messrs.
Jackson's fine collection just now may help to that
desirable end.
Dracsna Smithii. — A large plant of this
species, which was introduced about nine years ago,
and is said to be a native of west tropical Africa, occu-
598
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[November io, 1883.
pies a prominent position amongst the surrounding
plants of lree-lil5e dimensions in the Palm-house at
Kew. Like all others of its kind it is characterised
by a tuft of leaves on the top of a slender naked
stem, from amongst which the inflorescence shows
itself. In this instance it consists of a pendent
panicle of 2 or 3 feet in length, with a small globular
head of flowers terminating the branchlets. These
flowers, although small individually, and of a yellow-
ish-green colour, are sufficiently distinct from the
leaves to make themselves noticeable and in some
degree attractive. The leaves are relatively broad, of
a deep green colour, and assume an erect or ascend-
ing direction. D. fragrans, also flowering in the same
house, is far less conspicuous both in the inflores-
cence and the foliage.
Presentation to Mr, J. D. Dick.— All
whose business has at any time called them to the
offices of the Royal Horticultural Society will be
pleased to hear that Mr. J. Douglas Dick, who,
during the time the Fisheries E.\hibition was open,
had charge of the turnstiles, was on Thursday week
entertained at a complimentary dinner by his staff,
numbering thirty in all, and presented with a ring,
bearing the following inscription: — "Presented to
J. D. Dick, Esq., as a mark of esteem by his staff',
I. F. E., 1883." Mr. Dick so closely attends to the
details of his office, and at all times is so courteous
in his demeanour to those who have to do business
with his department, that we are not surprised his
" Fisheries staff" should have paid him so graceful a
compliment. We feel sure it was well deserved.
A National Chrysanthemum Society.
■ — The suggestion thrown out by Mr. Henry Cannell
some time since, and supported by others, that there
was need for a National Chrysanthemum Society, has
had effect given to it in a way that is perhaps best
adapted to meet the ends of the advocates of the pro-
position. At a recent meeting of the committee of
the Borough of Hackney Chrysanthemum Society a
proposition was submitted to the following effect : —
"That at the expiration of the current year the
present title of the Society be altered to that of 'The
National (late Borough of Hackney) Chrysanthemum
Society.'" The proposer and supporters of the
resolution contended that the Borough of Hack-
ney Society was, to a considerable extent, national
in its scope and aims, that its roll of mem-
bership contained a large number o( country
subscribers, that it was a society rapidly growing
in extent, and while one of the oldest was also one of
the most comprehensive Chrysanthemum Societies in
existence. After considerable discussion the resolu-
tion was referred to a meeting of the members of the
Society, and this took place on Tuesday evening last,
when there was a very large attendance. The subject
was fully considered, and eventually the resolution
given above was adopted by an almost unanimous
vote. In the course of the discussion the members
contended that certain classes must be reserved for
borough cultivators, as heretofore, and this was dis-
tinctly understood ; while further eff'orts will be put
forth to encourage the culture of the Chrysanthemum
within the area of the Parliamentary boroughs in the
metropolis.
Rain Gauges Gratis. — Mr. G. J. Symons,
62, Camden Square, London, N.W., writing to the
Times of Thursday last, says : —
" It is not often that those who make wills leave any-
thing to scientific objects, it is still more rare for the
appropriation of the amount to be left at the disposal of
one person. A deceased correspondent has placed me
in that almost unique position, and as I wish to effect the
largest possible amount of benefit with the money I am
obliged to ask your help in spending some of it. Miss
Eleanor Nunes, who had been keeping an extremely
accurate record of the fall of rain at Langtree Wick,
Torrington, Devon, died last spring, having left the sum
of ^ico to me ' to be applied to meteorological purposes. '
I am sure that there are few things which would have
pleased the testatrix more than the establishment of addi-
tional rain gauges in those parts of the British isles where
even yet there are large tracts of country without any — for
instance, there is not even one in co. Kildare or co. Ros-
common. The object of this letter is, therefore, to
announce that I am prepared to consider applications
from aU parts of the kingdom for rain gauges to be sent
gratuitously on loan subject to very easy conditions, and
to send them to all accepted applicants who reside five
miles from any rain gauge now at work, and the same
distance from_any"other>pplicant. Copies of the rules
to which observers will have to conform will be sent free
upon application, but it will save some correspondence
if you will allow me to subjoin the first part of Rule I. ,
as it is useless for any one who cannot comply with it to
apply for a gauge : — I. Site. — A rain gauge should not
be set on a slope or terrace, but on a level piece of
ground, at a distance from shrubs, trees, walls, and
buildings — at the very least, as many feet from their base
as they are in height."
CovENT Garden Market. — At a meeting
of the Court of Common Council on the 1st inst.
the Markets Committee brought up an important
report on the reference to them of a letter from the
Duke of Bedford, in which his Grace informed the
Court that a large block of buildings between Covent
Garden Market and the Strand fell out of lease during
the current year, and before dealing with the premises
by way of re-letting he was desirous of knowing
whether the Corporation of London wished to acquire
Covent Garden Market as part of any general scheme
of market extension in the metropolis. At the outset
Mr. Bourne, the Duke's agent, courteously offered to
supply any information that might be desired, and
accordingly attended before them. As a result of
that interview they felt that before they could be in a
position to express any opinion as to the advisability
of the Corporation taking any steps with a view to
the purchase of the market it was essential they should
have some knowledge of the approximate sum asked
by the Duke. Collateral points also occurred to them,
and for the purpose of obtaining information thereon the
officers, by their instructions, placed them in communi-
cation with Mr. Bourne. Mr. Bourne replied that
no approximate valuation of the market and adjacent
property had been made, but he was authorised to
say, for the information of the committee, that if the
Corporation should elect to purchase the Duke's
trustee would be advised to concur in any reasonable
agreement that might be suggested for the ascertain-
ment of the fair market value, and, if acquired under
the powers of a special Act, that the sale should be
treated as a voluntary and not as a compulsory one.
The Duke would be ready to sell as much of his
estate outside the market area as the Corporation
would consider to be needed in the interests of the
public. He (Mr. Bourne) had supplied the City
architect with a plan showing the property at present
available and indicating other property that would be
available within a reasonable time. It would
not be practicable to sell the market franchise
apart from the market area. By the original
charter the franchise could not be severed from
the soil. He (Mr. Bourne) should be pleased to
supply the committee with any dala that they
might think would help them in advising on the
subject, and if it should appear desirable that the
Corportion should acquire the market they might rely
on every assistance being given by the Duke to
facilitate the necessary arrangement for its transfer.
The committee thus conclude : — " We have, with the
assistance of the officers, given the subject the best
attention, approaching it from the broad view of the
public interest, possibly even predisposed in its favour,
and certainly appreciating the courtesy of the Duke in
affording the Corporation the opportunity ol looking
fully into the question with a view to see whether the
acquisition of the market would assist to elucidate the
question of suitable market accommodation for the
metropolis. After the fullest consideration, we are of
opinion that it would not do so, its position, its con-
tracted area, the nature of the approaches, and the
value of the market and land surrounding being
primary elements in this decision. We therefore
beg to report that, after a full and careful inquiry, we
do not consider that it would be expedient for the
Corporation to take steps to acquire Covent Garden
Market ; and this is our unanimous opinion."
A History of British Birds. — The new
edition of " Yarrell," now under the direction of
Mr. Howard Saunders, has reached its nineteenth
part, and comprises descriptions and figures of various
Snipes, Sandpipers and allied birds. It is published
by Van Voorst, and is quite indispensable to bird
lovers.
Variations in Nature. — We have before
us a copy of Mr. Meehan's address before the
American Association for the Advancement of Science,
in which he controverts the view that the variations
met with in plants are connected with some benefit to
the plant, and shows that many variations occur
which are no special advantage to the individual plant
in which they occur. In Mr. Meehan's opinion it
is posterity at which Nature aims. Self-sacrifice, not
self-interest, is Nature's demand on us all. In sup-
port of his view he notes the great waste that goes on
in Nature ; the millions of pollen-grains, for instance,
that are produced for every one that is of service in
fertilisation. All these pollen-grains are useful, not
to the parents that bore them, but as sacrifices to pos-
terity. They serve as food ; they die that something
else may live. In illustration of his subject Mr.
Meehan cites the case of Pinus rigida :—
" Here we have a series of cones made up from trees
growing within a circuit of, say, a day's ride around
Hammonton, N.J. They are all from trees of Pinus
rigida. From one tree we have cones 4 inches long and
almost round : others 4 inches long and not 2 inches
wide ; the one would be called almost linear, the other
almost globose. Others arc flat at the base and will
stand upright ; the others are rounded and roll over like
marbles. One is so small as to be not more than an
inch in length, and yet with perfect seeds. Some have
very narrow scales, others have very wide ones. Some
open slightly, but never much, others open so much that
they reflex. Then there are some which to the best of
my beUef never open. Then we find several characters
going along together. For instance, it is the narrow
scaled forms which recurve ; while the broader the scale
the less tendency there is in the cone to open and scatter
the seed. We see that all these cones belong to Pinus
rigida, because between each cone there is but a shade
of difference. Now I have already shown you that seeds
of any one of these cones would produce trees bearing
cones with a general resemblance to the parent cone.
Supposing all these intermediates were to be crowded
out, and only the two extremes left, there is not a
botanist but would regard them as two distinct species.
Now what I have given you as a supposititious case is an
actual truth. We have at one end Pinus rigida, at the
other Pinus serotina of the older botanists. Pinus sero-
tina is no longer considered a good species. Why ? Not
because there was any error in the original description,
but simply because we have found the missing links.
You cannot conceive of any physiological value to the
individual or to the race to spring from any of these
changes from the original form ; you will not for one
moment believe that in any one of these forms there is
the slightest advantage to be gained over the other in
what would be generally understood as the struggle for
life. On the contrary, you will find one which has the
cone closed, and in this particular lost the power to
readily distribute the seeds — lost the great advantage of
numbers in the tremendous battle — is the one form
which has so well succeeded in establishing itself as to be
the only one which has gained a disunctive botanical
name.
" I think you will come to agree with me that 'the
race is not always to the swift, nor the battle to the
strong ' is just as true in the development of species as in
morals ; that the whole round of organic existence is not
one of self-seeking advantage over one's neighbour, but
one of intrepid self-sacrifice ; and that the doctrine of
evoludon and the theory of natural selection are rendered
clearer and stronger by the perception of these facts."
" Woods and Forests." — Under this title it
is proposed to issue shortly a weekly journal intended
to be a practical journal of planting for use and orna-
ment, and devoted to the subject of estate manage-
ment generally. The office is at 37, Southampton
Street, Strand.
Premature Flowering. — Many years ago
we noted the early development of the leaves and
flowers of a Horse Chestnut tree at the corner of
Lyndhurst Road, Peckham. Every year this par-
ticular tree was some weeks in advance of its associates,
W^e now learn that what is presumably the same tree,
is now expanding its blossoms, to the detriment of its
appearance next spring.
Borough of Hackney Chrysanthemum
Society. — At a meeting of this society which took
place at the " Milford Arms " Hotel, Hackney, on the
6th inst., considerable interest was imparted to the
proceedings by Messrs. Henry Cannell & Sons, of
Swanley, and Messrs. Mahood & Son, of Putney,
sending a number of cut blooms of new Japanese in-
curved and pompon varieties of Chrysanthemums for
inspection. In a letter which accompanied the flowers,
Mr. Cannell pointed out that there are now a con-
siderable number of Japanese Chrysanthemums, espe-
cially among the newer sorts, that flower in October,
and there being no meeting of the Floral Committee
of the Royal Horticultural Society between October
9 and November 13, when many of the early flower-
ing varieties are over, there was much need of some
Novemher 10, 1S83.]
THE G A R D B NE R S ' CHR ONICL E.
599
body that could take cognisance of the flowers that
could not be sent to South Kensinp[ton, and he
requested that the Hackney Society, being metru-
politan in its scope, should pass some opinion on the
flowers submitted on that occasion. Mr. Cannisll's
collection was a very interesting one, numbering
quite fifty varieties. Mr. Canneli-'s suggestion being
favourably received by a full meeting of the committee,
Messrs. Orchard, Davis and Giliiey were appointed
a sub-comraittee of censors, and they made a report as
follows, which was unanimously approved by
the committee : — First-class Certificates of Merit
to Messrs. Cannei.l & Sons for the following
Japanese varieties : — Mary Major, a beautiful pure
white variety — very chaste and distinct ; Chinaman,
a large full flower of a brilliant violet-purple hue,
dashed with silvery white ; and La Vierge, an ex-
tremely pretty pale variety of good quality ; also to
Lord Wolseley, an orange-bronze sport from Prince
Alfred, and classed among the incurved larger flower-
ing varieties. This gives an acceptable hue of colour
in this class. Messrs. Cannell & Sons also received
Second-class Certificates of Merit for the following :
— Mdlle. Louise Sabatie, bright violet-rose, tinted
white — long and slightly tinted petals ; Mons. Boyer,
rosy-lilac — large and distinct ; and J. Ilillier, with
long curled drooping petah of a rich amaranth colour,
spotted with violet. The foregoing were all, we
believe, of Continental origin. Messrs. Mahood
& Son were awarded First-class Certificates of
Merit for the two following new Japanese varieties
of their own raising, viz.:— Mrs. Townsend, bright
orange-red deepening to maroon at the points of
the narrow slightly twisted petals ; Joseph Mahood,
orange, tinted with cinnamon — a fine large flower
of great beauty ; and R. Ballantine, a very fine
incurved Japanese variety, which, when fully deve-
loped, is of a soft pinkish-violet colour, the reverse
purplish-ctimson. This comes so near to the large
flowering incurved type that it will very soon be diffi-
cult to discriminate between them. Thomas Tod-
man, pale purple, and a pretty orange and crimson
seedling, unnamed, were also shown by Messrs.
Mahood & Son. The following newer Japanese
varieties in Mr. Cannell's collection were particu-
larly noticeable : — Rosea superba, deep rosy-lilac and
buff ; Mons. R. Laiios, Cieur Fidcle, Mons. Deveiller,
Beaulc de Toulouse, and iJormillon. Some pretty
new pompon varieties were also worthy of notice, viz..
New Marabout, white and delicate lilac, the petals
much fimbriated ; Yellow Lilac, large and very full
symmetrical flowers of a pale lilac-purple colour ;
Elegant, very small bronzy-red, borne in clusters ;
Vulcan, dark chestnut-ted ; and Dupont de I'Eure,
pale purple, very fine form.
The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Nov. 5, issued by the Meteorological
Olfice, London : — The weather during the first few
days was generally dull, with fog or mist, but as the
week progressed it l)ecame very unsettled, squally and
rainy. The temperature continued above the mean
in all districts, the excess varying from 1° over central,
southern, and north-western England to 4° over Scot-
land and the north of Ireland. The maxima, which
were recorded in most places on the first day of the
period, ranged from 55° in the north of England to
58° in "Scotland, E.," and 59° in "Ireland, N."
The minima were registered at most stations on the
4th, and varied from 30° in "England, N.W.," and
32° in "England, S.," to 37° in " Scotland, E.," and
"Ireland, S.," and 38° in " Ireland, N." The rain-
fall has been rather less than the mean in " Scot-
land, E.," and "England, N.E.," but more in all
other districts. Bright sunshine has been very
deficient in all places, the percentages ranging from
27 to 28 in Scotland to 7 in the " Midland Counties,"
and 6 in " England, S." Depressions observed : —
During the earlier part of this period the barometer
over our islands continued high and uniform, with
light breezes, generally easterly in the .south, and
southerly in the west and north. Later on, however,
several important depressions travelled from west to
east off the north of Scotland, 'while on the night of
the 5th a deep depression, subsidiary to the larger dis-
turbances in the north, passed rapidly across Ireland
and England. Strong winds between south and west
were consequently general during the last few days,
and on many parts of our coasts they reached the
force of a moderate to Iresh gale.
Gardening ArpoiNTMENTS. — Mr. J.
Kkiti.e, late Foreman at Ashley Park, Waltonon-
Tliames, as Gardener to Lady .Scoir, The llursl,
Wallon-on-Thanies.— .Mr. S. Vinney, lately Gar-
dener to J. K. K. Barker, Esq., Fairlord Park,
Gloucester, as Gardener to II. Foi.EY Vernon,
Esq., Ilanbury Hall, Uroitwich. — Mr. WiLLIAii
Stewart, Gardener at Arrochar House, N.B,, as
Gardener to F. Ci.U'iroRi) Ai.i.r.UTT, Esq., Carr
Manor, near Leeds.
THE CLIMATE OF CENTRAL
AMERICA.
{Concluded from page 559.)
A COMPARISON of my records of the temperature
in Costa Rica in Ihe month of August with similar
records made in the same month at Chiswick indi-
cates that the temperature of Central America
is remarkable for its equality, especially for the
minima which are reached every day towards the
end of the night. Neither do the maxima differ
very much. There is one exception, on August 9,
when the heat attained 79° F. It was because
that day was the second on which no rain had fallen ;
perhaps it may have been sunny even in the after-
noon. At all events there is never any excessive heat,
as in summer, on the continent of Europe, where the
thermometer reaches sometimes loo" F., whereas the
maximum in my station of Costa Rica was 79° F.,
and that of Chiswick 75'' F. ; the difference between
the two is therefore only 4°. In the night the
temperature is very pleasant, never falling below
60" F., whereas in London it descends even to
50° F, As for England, although the most tem-
perate of Central European countries, it strikes
us by its sudden changes of temperature : there
are days where the minimum reaches almost the
maximum of the preceding day— a thing quite un-
known in the Tropics, For the other regions of
Central America the proportion of maximum and
minimum are always the same. If I want to form a
diagram of the temperature on the coast, I know that
the mean temperature there is 79% whereas at my
station it is 70'^, and I have only to shift up this dia-
gram by 9", the result is then pretty correct. I do
the same for the mountain region, lowering the
diagram by j" F. for every looo feet rise. The tempe-
rature is about the same all through the rainy season,
and even in the dry season the difference is only 2*^
F. ; the minimum is then 57°, instead of 59°, for if
the sun shines all day, on the other hand the cool
wind comes down irom the high mountains. The
greatest heat I have ever observed in the dry season
at an altitude of over 3000 feet was 86° F. (March,
iSSi).
As to the rainfall, as a rule the mornings are rain-
less. In the afternoon it is just the reverse, a dry
afternoon is then the exception ; out of the thirty-
one afternoons of August there were twenty-three
with rains or storms, of which I have described one
of the heaviest.
We have yet to mention one factor more of the
climate ; this is the dew, which is exceedingly heavy,
much more so than in any part of Europe, and in the
dry season makes up partly for the want of rain.
Now that the reader is fully acquainted with the
climate of the place, let us see what we may infer
therefrom as to the culture of Orchids.
Orchid Culture. — It is evidently useless to
try to imitate Nature too closely in our hothouses,
and many of the elements thereof are beyond our
power to create, such are light and electricity ;
others are only produced very artificially, such
as moisture, ventilation, and heat. We must use
what we have, but we can say that all want of
harmony in the means we apply is fatal. For in-
stance, heat and light are proportioned to one another
in Nature ; it is, therefore, a mistake in our pale
northern light to create artificially a tropical heat for
plants accustomed to tropical light. The Tricho-
pilias grow in their natural habitat in a mean tem-
perature of 70' F., the minimum never falling below
57° F., and in full sunshine ; but in our dark winters
no Orchid grower would think of keeping his tem-
perate-house at a mean heat of 70*', Gardeners have
found out this law by experience after many failures.
But if we must nut liy to imitate Nature too
closely, on the other hand we must not disdain its
teachings. It is clear that Pescatorea, which grows
in the dark shadow of the virgin forest, must not be
treated like a Caltleya or a Lx-lia which grows on
rocks, or in the open savannah on trees, which in the
dry season are leafless, and, therefore, grow in full
light. The plants of the coast will require more heat
than those of the mountains.
I shall say nothing about the heat to be given to
each category of plants, liy experience and the com-
munications of travellers it is now generally known
what degree of heat is most favourable in the case of
most of the known species, and as to the new plants it
is the duty of the collector to furnish precise informa-
tion.
An essential question is that of the amount of light.
All that remarkable section of Orchids without pseudo-
bulbs, such as Pescatorea, Warscewiczella, BoUea, grow
only in the interior of forests, on stones, on the stem or
on the lower branches of trees, and therefore require
absolute shade — too much light would kill them. I
can say the same of the Trichopilia, the Cypripedium
lon^ifolium, the Chysis and most of the Masdevallias.
Near these plants are to be found in the same
locality but on the top of the trees the Odontoglossum
cariniferum, Schliperianum, Oerstedtij and most of
the same genus, the Kpidendrum prismatocarpum and
others, the Oncidium cheirophorum, Cypripedium
caudatum, &c. As these plants grow on the top of
the trees they require more light, the direct rays of
the sun are unfavourable to them but much more so the
shade. I have seen Epidendrum prismatocarpum,
Odontoglossum cariniferum, and others displaced by
accident grow and flower in full sunshine but with
faded colours, on the other hand I have seen the same
fallen at the foot of trees inside the forest rot away and
die in a short time.
The plants which require most light are amongst
the most brilliant. Such are the Cattleyas, of which
the C. Skinneri and IJowiana are Central American
kinds ; the Lxlia, of which few are found in Central
America (excluding Mexico) ; most Oncldiums,
splendid Sobralias (Fenzliana, tvc), fine Epidendrums
(macrochilum, Stamfordianum).
I must insist on the fact that these plants in their
habitat enjoy sunshine only during the dry season ;
during the rainy season, on the contrary, they are
shaded by the leaves of the trees, and also during the
hotter part of the day by a thickly clouded sky, and
in the evening often by dense fogs. It is therefore
not rational to expose them to continuous sunshine.
This leads me to the question of moisture and
watering. During the rainy season in the Tropics
the air is always so saturated with humidity that no
gun, tool, knife, or any object in steel or iron can be
kept free from rust ; the clothes you put on in the
morning are wet through, however dry you may try
to keep them, and your boots are white with mouldi-
ness. At other times of the year the north wind dries
up everything, it is true, but the nights are neverthe-
less very damp, as we can see by the dew. We
must, therefore, keep our Orchid-houses in a perma-
nent state of moisture ; but I doubt whether it be
well to let the air be saturated with the same, as the
ventilation is so defective (compared to that of their
native abode), even with the very best systems, that
the air if too damp might possibly favour rot. As to
watering, I believe that, even in winter, light and fre-
quent syringing is useful to the plants, and makes real
watering useless, unless they actually begin to grow.
The Huntleyas (Pescatoreas, -Src), Sobralias, and
Cypripediums require all the year round much
moisture at the roots. The first especially grow in
the middle of the forests, and never receive the
direct drops of the rain ; I think, therefore, the best
way of watering these plants is to dip them into water
— I have done so most successfully.
As to ventilation, I say only — what is already
known — give as much as you can ; there is a great
difficulty to surmount in doing so, for free ventila-
tion dries up the air in summer and cools it in
winter ; but I have no doubt that some system will be
found by which these drawbacks may be avoided.
I do not mean in this paper to go further into the
details of this subject, but I may say before ending
that the advice I have given is based not simply on
the theoretical suggestion of a traveller, but on expe-
riments in my own culture of Orchids in Chiswick,
which I began only a few months ago, and their
6oo
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 1883.
present state is so satisfactory that I feel sure the
result will prove the treatment I have indicated to be
a quite rational one.
Before concluding I beg to add that I consider
it to be the main duty of the botanical traveller and
explorer to seek to enrich horticulture by his dis-
coveries with unknown or rare and beautiful speci-
mens of the plants that are scattered in the untra veiled
parts of the world ; but yet it ought not to prevent
him from taking notes which may be useful either to
men of science or growers, and if I have succeeded
in interesting either I shall have fully accomplished
my purpose while writing these lines. Richard Pfau,
Chiswick, October,
PLANT PORTRAITS.
Begonia Olbia, O. Kerchove, in Revite de PHor-
ticuUure Belge^ November. — A species like B. Dia-
dema, but with short fleshy stem and irregularly
toothed leaves, of a blackish-green above, spotted
with white, and of a rich vinous-red beneath. The
flowers are white. Introduced by M. Pynaert, of
Ghent.
BlandfordiaCunninghami splendens, Garden^
October 27.
Caraguata sanguinea, Revue Horticok^
October 16. — A handsome Bromeliad, discovered in
New Grenada by M. Andre, and now introduced by
him into cultivation. The plant is of tufted habit,
with orange-scarlet leaves surrounding a central tuft
of small whitish flowers. It is a very handsome
species, of moderate dimensions.
Crinum Hildebrandi, Vatke ; Baker, in Bot.
Mao. (1883), t. 6709, and in Gard. Chron^ 1881, vol.
xvi., p. iSo.
Cypripedium Warnerianum, Laurenceanum
spectabile, Garten Zeitun^, September.
Leucoium hyemale, DC. ; Baker, in Bot, Mag.,
t, 67 1 1 {1S83), — One of the rarest of European plants,
confined to the sea shore between Nice and Mentone.
It has linear leaves and small nodding star-like
whitish flowers.
Phalv^nopsis Sanderiana, Garden^ September
29. — A form of P. amabilis.
Primula floribunda, WalHch ; Hook, fil., in
Bot. Mag. (1883), t. 6712 ; see also Gard. Chron.
1882, vol. xix., p. 113, f. 17.
Rhamnus libanotica, Boiss, ; Hook, f., in Bot.
Mag,, t. 6721. — A hardy deciduous shrub, with bold,
alternate, shortly stalked, lanceolate leaves, turning
of a beautiful bronze colour in autumn, and incon-
spicuous green flowers.
Rheum hybridum " Florentin," Revtie Horti-
cole^ September 16. — A spontaneous hybrid grown in
the garden of the Faculty of Medicine at Paris, and
presumed on good evidence to be a cross between
R. CoUinianum of Baillon, and R, officinale. The
branched spikes of flowers are of a deep pink colour,
and very showy.
Sarmienta repens, Ruiz and Pavon ; Hook, f., in
Bot. Mag., Nov. 18S3, t. 6720. — A pretty little
Chilian Gesnerad of creeping habit with small oppo-
site fleshy roundish acute subsessile leaves, slender
axillary peduncles exceeding the leaves in length and
bearing solitary flowers about i inch in length, with
tubular corollas, narrow at the base and throat dis-
tended in the middle and with a short five-lobed
limb, beyond which project two long stamens, the
other stamens being much shorter or abortive. It is
best cultivated in a cool greenhouse,
TULIPA KoLPAKOwsKYANA, Regel ; Baker, in Bot,
Mag. (1883), t, 6710 ; see also Gard. Chron, 1S80, f.
Ill and 113, and 1S83, vol. xix., p. 789.
DISEASE OF LETTUQES.
Peronospora ganglioniformis.
The Rev. M. J. Berkeley pointed out in the first
volume of the yotiriial of the Royal Horticultural
Society in 1846 that Lettuces were at that time sub-
ject to a putrefactive disease, caused by a fungus
closely allied to the fungus of the Potato disease, and
named by him Botrytis ganglioniformis. Besides the
fungus of the Potato disease, Mr. Berkeley described
four other allied species, and stated that he knew
"many other undescribed species." In the volume
above adverted to there is an illustration of Botrytis
ganglioniformis probably not improved from the
original sketch by the process of lithography. As the
paper referred to is restricted almost entirely to the
Potato disease the Lettuce fungus is not referred to
at any length, neither is there any scale of magnifica-
tion on the plate. The season of growth is not given.
Soon after, however, Mr. Berkeley supplied the period
of the year in the Ajinah of Natural History, ser. 2,
vol. vii., p. 526, where he said " very common on
Lettuce leaves in the spring."
As too often happens with names of fungi, various
botanists have, with insufficient reason, altered the
name of the Lettuce fungus. Corda was the first to
do this, and he changed Botrytis to Peronospora, and
since then the fungus has been generally known as
Peronospora ganglioniformis. De Bary did not
approve of ganglioniformis so altered it to gangliformis.
Then Tulasne renamed the fungus Peronospora para-
sitica var. lactucoe, and lastly we observe that Dr. Max
Cornu prefers P. gangliiformis. We have recently
Fig. 106.— fungus of lhttuce disease (peronospora
ganglioniformis),
Growing out from the lower surface of the leaf, but shown in the
reversed position in the drawing.
seen it suggested that a society should be formed for
the purpose of taking back Cleopatra's Needle and
other Egyptian and Greek antiquities now in Europe
to Egypt and Greece. Perhaps the time may some
day arrive when a society will be formed for the
reconstitution of old generic names and the oblitera-
tion of the many worthless new ones. Botrytis is a
far better name than Peronospora, for the former
means a bunch of Grapes, and refers to the appear-
ance of the fungi as they hang down from the under-
surface of leaves very much in the style of bunches of
Grapes. Unfortunately the gentleman who invented
the name of Peronospora (Corda) is not alive to tell
us what his views really were — ganglioniformis refers
to the fruiting threads of the fungus resembling the
natural enlargements termed ganglions in the course
of a nerve. It is a curious fact that in the lithograph
of Mr. Berkeley's first hasty sketch these ganglionic
swellings are wholly omitted, and it is still more
curious that in all the copies made by different authors
during the last thirty-seven years the ganglions are
wholly omitted — so is the scale of measurement.
Mr. Berkeley said the plant was common in the
spring, so do the since published handbooks ; but the
fact is, there are two crops of this Peronospora every
year, and the most virulent is generally in September
and October. The invasion of Lettuces in the late
autumn is often so destructive that it entirely destroys
the harvest of Lettuce seeds.
In fig. 106 we have made an attempt to illus-
trate Peronospora ganglioniformis from Nature, but
enlarged 200 diameters. The peculiar ganglion-
like swellings of the branches are seen in the upper
part of the illustration. The end of each fine ultimate
branch is most beautifully dilated into a saucer-like
expansion, with a single excessively attenuated spicule
growing from the centre of the saucer, with from three
to five spicules round its margin. This extremely
beautiful growth (something like the leaf of a Drosera,
with its glandular hairs) is illustrated at c, enlarged
1000 diameters ; each spicule is slightly dilated at the
tip, and on each tip a comparatively large globose
spore is balanced, four to six on the dilated end of
each tiny branchlet. The Cabbage Peronospora, P.
parasitica, to which Tulasne wished to refer this
plant, is destitute of these saucer-like expansions. At
the top of the spores will be noticed a small almost
invisible papilla, best seen in the figure at c ; at this
papilla the spore bursts, and the vital material streams
out on germination.
The illustration shows the fungus growing in and
on a Lettuce leaf ; the letters A and B indicate the
thickness of the lamina of the leaf, which really in the
Lettuce is unusually thin ; the spawn Inside the leaf is
furnished with minute suckers, with which the fungus
pierces the cells and supports its life. Three fruiting
threads are shown emerging from one of the minute
mouths or organs of transpiration of the leaf (stomata),
and it will be seen at a glance that the mycelial threads
are too large to get from the inside, through the little
mouths into the air. To meet this difficulty the threads
inside the leaf, as they approach the stomata, twist
round once, like a corkscrew, flatten themselves, and
push through the stomata with a chisel-edge (see
fig. 106 d). As soon as this chisel-edge is pushed
into the air a septum appears, and from this septum
one, two, or three fruiting threads arise. Corda said
that genuine species of Peronospora had no septa or
joints, but it often happens that authors and Nature
are a little at variance. The growth of the threads
through the stomata is shown enlarged from Nature
1000 diameters at D.
Happily the Lettuce Peronospora is not everywhere
in Britain. It is only recorded as growing on Sow
Thistles in Scotland. Some market gardeners have
never seen it, others know its spring and autumn visi-
tation too well. It causes large pallid patches to
appear on the leaves, and on the outside of these
patches little white nodules of the destructive mould
may be seen. In the spring the pest begins on the
outside leaves, and proceeds inwards, carrying putre-
faction in its course. In bad cases summer Lettuces
are quickly reduced to lumps of wet putridity. In
the autumn the flowers and fruits or seeds are
chiefly destroyed. Thickly sown plants are worst
affected.
Peronospora ganglioniformis grows on various other
living Composite plants in addition to the garden
Lettuce. Of these the different sorts of Sow Thistles
are most often attacked, then Cnicus arvensis, Cicho-
rium Endivia, the Nipplewort, Lapsana communis,
Groundsel, Senecio vulgaris, and other plants, both
wild and cultivated. Weeds nurse the fungus for the
Lettuces, and as Peronospora ganglioniformis is
known to produce resting-spores it is desirable that
all decaying Lettuce material as well as the decaying
weeds above-mentioned, should, inhere possible, be
gathered together by children and burnt. W, G.
Smith.
GARDENERS' SOCIETIES.
How is it, that in Kent — and especially in the
Maidstone district— gardeners' societies appear to
be not only numerous (as they are to be found in
almost every village), but prosperous also? Any
one taking up a county newspaper, which circulates
in the particular district, will find duly reported
meetings of gardeners' societies ; and it would seem
that not only do the brethren of the spade meet together
for reading and discussing papers bearing on practical
gardening, but they also exhibit any fruit, plants,
flowers, and vegetables, and, in not a few instances,
prizes are offered for the best subjects, and this kind
of useful, practical meeting appears to be almost un-
known elsewhere. In the suburbs round London,
November io, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
601
where gardeners of all degrees abound, it is very
difficult indeed to get 'such a society to exist, either
from a want of interest, or from a lack of a feeling of
unity and mutual confidence. The balance-sheet of
receipts and expenditure of the Maidstone Gardeners'
Society for the year ending September 30 last is a
very interesting and instructive document. The
Society includes in its roll of folio wship 155
honorary and 143 ordinary members ; and it has
a balance of something like ^^^370 at its bankers. Not-
withstanding that the Society undertakes important
financial responsibilities, it not only pays its way, but
during the year just closed was able to add the sum of
(j to its balance at the bank. It holds a Chrysanthe-
mum and Fruit Show in November at a cost ofsome.^80,
and nearly, if not quite, makes it pay, taking the large
sum of ;,^30 -^s. 6d. as payment at the doors ; it holds
six monthly shows in the year in addition, viz., in
January, February, March, April, May, and June ;
also an Aster Show in September ; and gives prizes
for essays on different aspects of gardening. The
meetings are always well attended, and the honorary
members, but few of whom are directly connected
with gardening, attend in large numbers. There is
also a kind of benevolent fund in connection with the
Society, and members needing pecuniary assistance at
times receive it from this fund. The sum of ^10
was expended in this way during the past year, and
it is certain that these monies are distributed only in
deserving cases, and after full consideration.
Perhaps as far as the suburbs of London are con-
cerned, we must discriminate between real and sham
gardeners ; and, however much the fact is to be
regretted, yet it is undoubtedly true, that many ne'er-
do-weels join the ranks of the jobbing gardeners, and,
besides bringing the gardening profession into disgrace,
they lower the rate of wages for really competent
men. Why should there not be some attempt at
combination among boni^ fide gardeners to bring their
claims before the public, and so oust, as far as pos-
sible, the non-professional class ? This might be
done through the agency of gardeners* societies, and
there is quite enough of the proper element in each
suburban district to keep an organisation of this kind
on its legs and fairly prosperous. Such an associa-
tion can be worked inexpensively. From it might
emanate a circular addressed to suburban residents,
setting forth the names and addresses of men really
competent to manage gardens. Such a document
would be welcomed by many who at present take
their gardeners upon trust, and have cause to rue the
day they did so. Such a society would afford
gardeners the means of meeting together and discuss-
ing the difficulties of their position and any means
of improving it.
Other matters of importance would also suggest them-
selves as fitting topics for consideration. Meeting places
can be secured at a comparatively trifling cost, and as a
last resource a room can be had at a public house,
though for obvious reasons it is desirable these places
should only be resorted to when none other offers.
One great difficulty is the want of qualified leaders,
men with intelligence, tact, business capacity, and
steadiness of character. Once form a nucleus, and
we think men fitted to lead will be forthcoming. I do
not advocate mere tyrannical trades unionism, but
the establishment of helpful means, so that men may
be encouraged to do something in the way of attempt-
ing to better their condition. And it is certain that
all laudable attempts in this direction will receive
some measure of support at the hands of the public,
if the efforts are of a nature to command sympathy
and deserve assistance. R, D.
country, and Mr. \V. Colenso, who knows more, pro-
bably, than any living person concerning the Maories,
from their language to their food, has several times
sent tubers to Kew ; but from some cause they have
not grown. This year, however, some tubers sent to
Kew by Mr. Cheeseman have grown and increased,
and Sir Joseph Hooker is sangume that the Kumara
may be successfully cultivated in this country. The
small crop of tubers obtained at Kew has been widely
distributed, so that others may test the value and
capabilities of the Kumara in Europe. We have been
favoured with half-a-dozen small tubers for our drawing
(fig. 107) and a taste, and we agree with Sir Joseph
Hooker that the Kumara is an excellent vegetable,
likely to prove valuable if it flourish in our climate.
It is too early yet to say anything on the last point.
The flavour is that of a good sweet Potato, over which
it has the advantage of a convenient size, resembling
more in this respect the common Potato ; and it may
be cooked and served in almost as many ways as the
latter. There are many varieties cultivated by the
Maories, concerning which we cannot do better than
make some extracts from an article, by Mr. W.
Colenso, in the Transactions of the Nerv Zealand
Institute : —
"The first {among the vegetables cultivated by the
Maories) in every respect and degree was the Kumara.
This plant is an annual (rather herbaceous plant) of
tender growth, and was one of their vegetable mainstays.
THE "KUMARA."
A New Vegetable for this Country.
Of all our colonies New Zealand, almost at our
antipodes, possesses a climate nearest to that of the
Mother Country, though the mean annual tempera-
ture is some degrees higher, and the winter-cold is
never severe. It is from this country that the Kumara,
a kind of sweet Potato, comes. The earlier voyagers,
who paid attention to the vegetable productions, wild
and cultivated, of New Zealand, speak very highly of
this vegetable, which was cultivated with great care
by the Maories. It is the Convolvulus chrysorrhizus
of Forster, and probably only a race of Ipomo^a
Batatas, so widely cultivated in the Pacific Islands
and elsewhere. For the last ten years Sir Joseph
Hooker has been trying to introduce it into this
Fig. 107. — THE KUMARA Tl'BER : REAL SIZE.
Their use of this plant, as T take it, is from pre-his-
torical times, as their many legends about it evidently
show, which I purpose to lay before you in a future
paper. In suitable seasons and soils its yield was very
plentiful. It had, however, one potent enemy of the
insect tribe, in the form of ^a large larva of one of our
largest moths. This larva was named aituhe, awhato,
and hoteie, and as it rapidly devoured the leaves of the
young Kumara, it was quite abhorred by the Maories,
who always believed that they were rained down on their
plants. Sometimes their numbers were almost incredible,
as some of us have also seen in the abundance of the
more common caterpillar pests in certain seasons. I
myself have often marvelled at them in their number, and
where they could possibly have come from, basketfuls
being carefully gathered from the plants, and carried off
and burnt. This job of gathering them, though necessary,
was always greatly disliked. Long before the roots or
tubers of the Kumara were of full size they were
regularly laid under contribution ; each plant was visited
by old women with their little sharp-pointed spades or
dibbles, who were quite up to their work, and a few of
the largest young tubers selected and taken away, and
the earth around the plants loosened, when it was again
" hilled " up — an operation not unlike that of our Potato
hoeing, only much more carefully performed, as at the
same time they took away every withered leaf and upper
outlying rootlet and weak sprout. Those young tubers
were carefully scraped, and half dried on clean mattings
in the sun, being turned every day and carefully covered
from the dew, and when dry, either eaten or put away in
baskets as a kind of sweetish confection or preserved
tuber, greatly esteemed by them either raw or soaked and
mashed up with a little warm water, and called kao,
' ' At the general digging of the crop in the late autumn,
but always before the first frost, great care was observed
in the taking up of tlie roots, when they were carefully
sorted according to size and variety (if of two or more
varieties in the same plantation), all bruised, broken, or
slightly injured ones being put on one side for early use ;
then they were gathered up into large flax baskets,
always newly made, and in due time stowed away in the
proper store, taking great care to do so only on a per-
fectly dry sunshiny day, as they had to guard against
mouldiness of every kind, which was destructive and
dreaded. It is impossible to estimate, even approxi-
mately, the immense quantity of this root, whch was
annually raised by the old Maories, especially before
they took to the cultivation of the introduced Potato.
" At their large and noted tribal feasts enormous quan-
tities were used, as well as at their commoner feasts held
on account of births, betrothals, marriages, deaths, &c. ;
on such great occasions the quantity was often increased
through profuse ostentation, for which, while the chief
anfl the tribe gained a great name, they all (especially the
women and children) subsequently suffered severely
' ' But, in myopinion, one of the most remarkable things
pertaining to this useful root, or tuber, has yet to be
noticed ; its many marked varieties, which were also old
and permanent. I have, I think, known more than
thirty varieties ; and I have lists from the north and the
south of several others, and have also heard of others —
possibly ten more — while some old sorts were known
to have been lost. In this respect the tubers differed
just as Potatos do with us. Some were red-skinned,
some purple, and others white ; some were rough-
skinned, and others smooth ; some had red flesh, or
were pink, or dark purple throughout, others were white ;
some were even and cylindrical, others were deeply
grooved or regularly channelled ; some were short and
thick, with obtuse ends, others were long and tapering,
with pointed ends ; and I never once noticed that there
was any mixture (as it were) of the several varieties — all
came true to sorts planted, as in the Potato with us ;
their only sign of degeneration through soil or drought
was in the size. Now all those several varieties were of
old, and only handed down by the strict preserving of
the seed (or tuber) ; and the question with me has ever
been. How were they first derived ? From the
Maories themselves I never could learn anything satis-
factory respecting them, save that they had had them of
old from their forefathers. Of course, for the lime I set
aside their legends concerning them.
" I have carefully inquired if the old Maories had ever
known the Kumara to flower, but they all said, ' No ;
never heard of such a thing." And they never harvested
their crop until after the withering of the leaves of the
plant. I have also frequently enquired if any sort or
variety had ever been newly raised by them or their
immediate fathers. To this they also rephed, 'No.*
"Is it not possible that in ancient times this plant did
flower here, and that the old cultivators, either by design
or accident, obtained their sorts by sowing seed? The
northern tribes, especially theNagapuhi, had, more than
forty years ago, obtained several new varieties of Potato
by sowing its seed ; to which, however, they were first
led by accident, having noticed some young plants which
had sprung from self-sown seed of the ripe Potato
berries, and from them they had obtained several good
and prized sorts.
"Is it also not possible that this plant (Kumara),
through constant, assiduous, early, artificial cultivation,
extending throughout centuries, has permanently changed
in this respect of non-flowering, as it is known the early
varieties of Potato have done in England through
repeated cultivation ? There the earliest varieties do not
produce flowers or seed. There is an excellent paper by
Mr. T. A. Knight in the Philosopkical Transactions for
1806 (London) bearing on this subject, in which Mr.
Knight shows, from experiments made by him, that the
same fluid or sap gives existence alike to the tuber, the
blossoms, and the seed, and that whenever a plant of the
Potato affords either seeds or blossoms, a diminution of
the crop of tubers, or an increased expenditure of the
riches of the soil, must necessarily take place. Following
this out he succeeded in producing varieties of sufficiently
luxuriant growth and large produce, which never pro-
duced blossoms. I have previously shown that the
Maories used no manure, and planted the Kumara in
poor gravelly soils devoid of all richness."
Mr. Colenso gives a list of names of upwards of
forty varieties, all of them having small tubers. They
are classified as follows : — Varieties with a white
skin, and white or whitish flesh ; white skin, with a
slightly reddish flesh ; red skin and flesh ; and varie-
ties having dark purple skin and flesh. The variety
cultivated at Kew has a whitish skin and flesh, and
the tuber figured is represented exactly natural size.
Mr. Colenso does not give actual dimensions of the
varieties, but we daresay this variety will produce
larger tubers than have been obtained this season, H,
The Ipswich and East of England Hort!-
CULTURAL Society will hold its second annual
Chrysanthemum and fruit show on Thursday and
Friday, November 22 and 23,
6o2
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November lo, 1S83.
j4o]VIE jjORREpPOJ^lDEJMCf:.
Apples and the Apple Show. — The time has
again come round for planting Apples, and many so
engaged will no douljt, as usual, feel bewildered with
the endless numbers of varieties that are offered.
Even where some experience is brought to bear on
the matter not a few will be tempted to plant more
sorts than admissible were the selection strictly con-
fined to such kinds as calculated to give the best
return. If proof were needed of the immense number
of varieties existent more than are of any use, the
recent Apple show was calculated to abundantly
afford it. Notwithstanding the enormous quantity of
Apples brought together at Chiswick, and the excel-
lent arrangements made for their display, a good
many who went to see the show expressed themselves
disappointed with it. Possibly this was through so
many encomiums being passed on the exhibition that
anticipation had been raised too high. No doubt as
a mere display it would have been much more effec-
tive if three-fourths of the quantity brought together
had been absent, inasmuch as a repetition in so many
of the exhibitor's collections of kinds that were under-
siz-d and valueless detracted much from the general
appearance of the whole. As an instructive exhibi-
tion it was calculated to do much, though it may with
truth be said that the teaching was more of a negative
than a positive character, in showing those who went,
with a view to learn, what to avoid in the way of
selecting varieties to plant. The different condition
of a good many kinds as they appeared from different
localities showed the influence of soil and climate, but
many of the varieties, whatever their source, were
so inferior as to prove the mistake of growing them.
This last is a matter already well known to those who.
with even a limited experience in Apple culture,
possess enough observation to see that it would be
much to the interest of all concerned if some possible
means could be devised of wiping out of existence
nine-tenths of the sorts that are now grown. And if
the Chiswick show has done anything to open the
eyes of Apple planters to this fact it will have done
real service to both growers and consumers of the
fruit. Such vast numbers of worthless varieties being
grown is no doubt owing to the fact that fruit growing,
except with the limited number of individuals who
cultivate for market, has always in this country been
looked on more in the shape of an interesting hobby
than as a business proceeding, in which profit or
no profit depended on the sorts grown. The
American growers, both in the States and in
Canada, have evidently gone into the pursuit in
a much more sensible way, by only planting
kinds that are well proved as possessing a hardy
constitution, as being abundant bearers, the fruit good
in quality for the purpose required, table or cooking,
and of medium size : this last property is of great
importance, much more than is often considered.
Varieties that are only big enough to be useful whilst
the trees are young, or where they get the attention
such as usual when grown in a kitchen garden, where
they receive the pruning necessary to keep them
within a limited size, with the manure that under such
conditions is within reach of their roots, will not
produce fruit large enough to make them worth a
place when they get large with the little or no prun-
ing usually given to orchard trees. On the other
hand there are itv^, if any, of the very largest cooking
kinds, that have such an imposing appearance on the
exhibilion stage, that are free enough to place them on
a par with the medium-sized sorts, at least this is my
experience with the biggest varieties, and it is further
supported by what I have seen of them in the hands
of others. There was an excellent cooking Reinette,
Blanche d'Espagne or Cobbett's Fall Pippin, shown
in Messrs. Veilch's fine collection, that I have not seen
noticed in anything that has been said about the ex-
hibition ; yet, if I were planting an orchard for profit
in the southern half of the kingdom (how it would
succeed further north I cannot say), I should devote
one-fourth of the space to this variety alone. The fruit
is large, as big as that of any kind with which I am
acquainted that is a real heavy cropper ; it rarely
misses a season bearing, added to which it is a good
keeper. The tree is vigorous and, like Blenheim
Pippin, grows to a large size. Tender indifferent
growers should be counted as worse than useless, a
tree that fails to thrive and bear occupies as much
room as one that succeeds. What is wanted in cook-
ing Apples — and it is these alone that are of most
consequence looking at the subject from a profitable
point of view — is sorts that are thoroughly hardy, and
heavy bearers, like Keswick Cod lin, LordSuffield, Eck-
linville Seedling, Cellini, Tower of Glamis, Cockpit,
Wellington, syn. Dumelow's Seedling, and Proctor's
Seedling : the last is another of the hardy, immense
bearing sorts raised in Lancashire, that scarcely ever
fails, even in seasons when most sorts are fruitless.
It is of medium size, a good cooker, and will keep
until late in spring ; it does not seem to have yet
made its way southwards. The above varieties have
the merit of succeeding in any locality where Apples
can be grown so as to give a fair return, very different
in this respect to the favourite dessert kinds, many of
which are much more particular as to soil and situa-
tion than the cooking sorts, although the latter are of
much more importance to those who grow Apples for
profit, as well as to the public who consume them,
consequently in the selection of dessert kinds it is well
10 ascertain the varieties that do best in the locality.
The surpassing merits of Ribston Pippin are such as
to give it the first place in all situations where it will
succeed ; it is more particular in the matter of soil
than climate, and usually does well where the land is
of fair quality, if not too cold and heavy. Where the
conditions are such as it requires, this fine old sort
should always find a place. Irish Peach is one of the
most reliable bearers that I have had to do with, a good
grower, and not easily beaten as an early sort. Cox's
Orange Pippin, an excellent kind, and a very free
bearer where the conditions suit it, but, like the
Ribston, it will not do everywhere ; and, so far as my
own experience goes with it, it is more suitable for the
South than the North of the kingdom, in this way
being the reverse of the Ribston, which seems to do
best where the air is cooler and the rainfall greater.
King of the Pippins is an Apple of fair quality, and
one of the heaviest and most certain bearers of all
dessert kinds, doing better under greater difference of
soil than most of the table varieties. Fearn's Pippin
has a combination of good properties ; it has a hardy
constitution, is a very free bearer, and keeps late.
Claygate Pearmain is also a good keeper, equally
good in quality, and an abundant bearer in most
situations. Syke House Russet is another sort that I
should plant in a very select assortment ; it is a great
bearer, in condition all through the winter. Blen-
heim Pippin. — The only fault which this fine Apple
has is that the tree is longer in coming into bearing
than most, and when an attempt is made to induce a
fruitful condition by root-pruning I have found that
the fruit thus obtained is much below the natural size.
In this it differs from any of the many varieties that
I have subjected to root-pruning. Sturmer Pippin,
although a small Apple, deserves a place for its late
keeping property, usually being in good condition
when other sorts are over ; it is a good grower, and
very free bearer. The above dozen and a half sorts
cut a poor figure, so far as numbers go, amongst the
hundreds of sorts to be met with in almost every
county. Yet if the gardens and orchards throughout
the kingdom were confined to something like the
above-named varieties, I venture to say that Apple
growers would get a very different return for the
labour and expense they go to, and the public also
would be much better supplied, T. Baines.
The Apple show recently held at Chis-
wick scarcely realised the title claimed for it of
national. An exhibilion that would give us even a
moderate representation of the pomological riches of
Britain would be indeed worth seeing. In spite of
the number of Apples exhibited there was a tiresome
amount of repetition in the several stands, and the
impression was conveyed that it was more of a nur-
seryman's parade of well-known sorts than an exhi-
bition fairly representing the products of the orchards
of this country. The merits of two Apples well
known to many fruit growers, but scarcely if at all
known to some of the persons officially employed by
the Royal Horticultural Society, Bramley's Seedling
and the Grenadier, are likely to be brought more
prominently and deservedly into notice ; and a more
extended acquaintance with fruits proved to possess
some at least of the good qualities it is desirable yet
to secure in our Apples may be classed as one good
result of a large central show. But it must not be
presumed that no other valuable and little known
seedling Apples exist in the country ; sought for, I
believe that many excellent Apples raised from seed
by country people might be found. Indeed, I know
of several good Apples undistinguished by names,
and the result of carefully set pips now profitably
fruiting in the gardens of a neighbouring village. I
was instrumental some years ago in bringing to
general notice a local seedling Apple, one to be seen
on many catalogues under the name of Betty Geeson,
the raiser an old woman residing in a village near
Belvoir. I mentioned this Apple to the late Mr,
Thos. Rivers, and sent him grafts, and it was in this
way distributed. I believe it to be a fact pretty
generally recognised by pomologists that a fruit tree
originated on a soil of a very marked character,
receives a certain constitutional bias in favour of that
particular soil ; that being so, the raising of Apples
adapted, or likely to be, to particular latitudes and
soil formations, is a matter that should excite the
attention of horticulturists in various parts of the
country. One reason why the show at Chiswick was
not more representative, was the early season at which
it was held. Not hall of my large collection was
gathered, and although the Kentish Apples were ripe
or mature, the majority of those named as being so
were far from being in the same condition in the
majority of places in the North Midlands. Persons
who go to Apple shows for the purpose of selecting
orts for cultivation should be very careful in their
nquiries as to the bearing habit of the various kinds
before them. I have on other occasions brought to
notice the importance of this point, having suffered
from the marked unfruitfulness of sorts which in their
fruits, exhibited without comment, promised so much.
One illustration mny be given of a tree uncertain in
its habit of bearing fruit is Bess Pool, an Apple
excellent both for dessert and table, but wanting long
periods of rest between the heavy crops it occasionally
bears. Sorts that possess the very desirable property
of producing crops annually without suffering exhaus-
tion cannot be too well known, and these the secre-
taries or other officials of shows, if they happen to be
able to distinguish, should specially mark. I have
several sorts that possess the distinguishing recom-
mendation of habitual fruitfulness, and one specially
that is not at all noticed or generally known, and yet
it is by far the best table Apple, the best keeping
Apple, and the most constant bearer I possess. It
was named for me by the officials of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society some years ago Herefordshire Pear-
main, but I have some doubts about its identity with
that variety. I will send a specimen for your opinion. J
Frogmore Prolific, a seedling of my father's, is i
another sort that reproduces a crop with unimpaired
vitality. Lord Suffield, Stirling Castle, and King of
Pippins are kinds that seldom fail to produce crops \
with us. It was my good fortune at one of the former
Apple shows held by the Royal Horticultural Society
in London, and acting with the late Mr. Rivers as
judge, to distinguish the merit amongst many other
sorts, Ribston Pippins included, of Cox's Orange
Pippin, which we placed 1st for high quality — a
position it has well maintained. It is, I am afraid,
too late this year to hold a show for the Midland and
Northern Counties, but I hope, when next we are
favoured by an Apple crop, to do something to pro-
mote a good representative exhibition of both Apples
and Pears in one of our great centres of manufacturing
industry. William Ingram, Belvoir, Nov. 6.
A Second Apple Exhibition in March Next.
— At p. 570 " P. G." suggests, if a show is held in
March that the Apples should be divided into various
classes, and, if the object is simply to thrust so many
more prizes into the pockets of some half-a-dozen
exhibitors, I think the idea is a most commendable
one [there were no prizes at the late show] ;
but I conclude that something more practical
might be accomplished if the country were divided
into sections instead of the Apples, and the more of it
the better if it is desirable to make the show a repre-
sentative one. From its experience of the late so-
called Congress the Royal Horticultural Society is
well armed with materials, and from these their Super-
intendent, with his organising skill, would be able to
draft a scheme in less time than it takes me to write
this by which all the competitors might be placed on
a fair footing. I reside in Lancashire, and if I were
allowed to exhibit (which I am not) no prize would
tempt me to make an exhibition of myself by sending
Lancashire grown Apples to compete at a London
fruit show, I should be sorry to venture south of
Manchester. There should be two classes of exhibi-
tors, viz., those growing for sale, and private growers,
all eligible to compete in an open class or two for
dessert or culinary kinds, the number of fruit in the
two classes to be unlimited. I think we may reason-
ably conclude that the best Beefingsand Pippins would
be amongst that lot. Assuming that the United
Kingdom is divided, those competing in the above
classes should be excluded from competing in the
division they may happen to reside in, for if that were
permitted we should only have a needless repetition
of their productions. Open classes might be made in
each division, and the number of dishes should
graduate from an unlimited number to two, placing
some restriction, so that one could not enter in more
than two classes. There are numbers of amateurs
who may have a dish or two in March and no more
who might he tempted to send them if they have only
some protection from those who have more trees than
they have Apples. Another method by which the
Society might be expected to scour the country of
every available Apple would be to offer a small sum
for every distinct dish sent up, so as to recompense
the sender for his expense and trouble. It might also
award prizes to the most meritorious collections.
W. P. R.
The proposal to hold another exhibition of
Apples next spring is undoubtedly a good one.
Although I can bear personal testimony to the
good done by the recent congress, I feel sure the
keeping qualities of many of the Apples exhibited
could not be fairly judged. This was especi-
ally noticeable with Annie Elizabeth, a compara-
tively new kind, which was scarcely noticed by
some of the reporters, but which will eventually
prove to be one of the most useful kitchen Apples
we have ; it is of first-rate constitution, vigorous and
upright in growth, a sure cropper, of large size, of
good colour when ripe, and keeping very late without
shrivelling in the least. Another excellent kind, not
half so well known as it deserves to be, is Duke of
November lo, 1883.)
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
603
Devonshire, a fair-sized dessert Apple of first-rate
quality, a sure cropper, and which keeps remarkably
well until May. Another show in the spring would
doubtless bring several other good kinds into greater
prominence for their keeping qualities, which the late
one could not possibly do. W* II, Div.'rsy /hirs^hhy
Gardens^ Slanifoni,
Graft-changed Pear. — Assuming that Messrs.
Backhouse & Son are correct in their conclusion that
the Pear described at p. 569 is really Beurtu Dicl
changed in character through the inlluence of the
stock, it would be interesting to learn how far similar
results had been obtained by others. We might ex-
pect, lor instance, to find divergences of this kind fol-
lowing upon double grafting, of which the case quoted
is an example, the jargonelle stock, doiilitless, having
been originally worked upon the common Pear stock.
Mr. Kenn once thought that he had a good case of
changed character in connection with the Apple, but
the results were not always so apparent to others as lo
that veteran horticulturist, and in this particular case
the Messrs. Backhouse are careful to say that they
only believe the Pear in question to be Beurre Diel
grafted on Jargonelle. There seems, therefore, to
be an element of uncertainty about something that
would possess singular interest were the matter posi-
tive and absolutely reliable. If exceptions prove
the rule then of this curious character exceptions
are exceedingly rare, and the rule as to the un-
changed nature of grafted or budded fruits seems
to need no exceptions to prove its incontestability.
It would be of interest were some grafts of this tree
worked on common Pear or Quince stock, noting
whether any such change as is said to exist now were
maintained, or whether the kind reverted to the true
Beurre Diel form. If it did not revert it would
probably then prove to be some distinctive kind other
than Beurre Diel. If it did, then, whilst it would
prove that a graft change had resulted it would also
show that it was Beurre Diel still and nothing more,
A, D.
Meconopsis nepalensis. — As far as I know
young plants of Meconopsis nepalensis have never
been used as edging for spring beds. The beauty of
the leaves lasts all winter, and though only a biennial
it is so easily raised from seed and seeds so freely
that there is no difliculty in getting and keeping a
stock of young plants. George ^yHson^ Heatherbank^
Weybridge, November 5.
Gardenias. — The culture of Gardenias has been
so often described in the gardening papers, that one is
almost tempted to say, with some reason, that there
is nothing more to say upon the subject ; but I
fancy many will agree with me that such is not the
case. I more particularly refer to those who, like
myself, attempt to get their plants to bloom in the
depth of winter. My house of Gardenias flowered
last March, they were afterwards repotted, placed in
brisk heat, kept well syringed, and are now the
picture of health, with hundreds of bloom-buds ; but,
alas ! these buds do not seem to progress in the least,
while from their base are springing young growths. I
have, therefore, begun to question within myself, Is my
system of culture the right one ? For advice I thought
I would turn to my bound volumes of the gardening
papers. What do I find ? — such conflicting opinions
among the leading and best men of the gardening
world that I remain more confused than before. One
says, *'The employment of young plants only is the
system adopted by Mr. So-and-So, one of the leading
growers ; and he believes further that continuous
growth and flowering is the only system worth adopt-
ing, with a warning never to rest the plants, as it
is during this enforced rest that the plants get into
bad health." Another says, that "Messrs. S., per-
haps the largest 'growers of these plants, place their
plants out-of-doors [!] in August as soonas the bloom-
bu.is have set, in order that exposure to the sun, &c.,
may check further growth, and cause the plants to be
more easily forced in autumn." I, therefore, thought
I would write to Messrs. S. for advice ; their reply is
brief, and to the point, c.g.^ "We do not rest our
Gardenias." Another says "The only way to get a
crop of flowers in the winter is to get the buds well
forward in autumn;" but does not tell us how he
does it. Another says, "Never use bottom-heat,"
while some one else, an equally good authority, says,
" Gardenias are very fond of a plunge-bed, and
should be rested in autumn." Others say, "It is
only from hard pruned plants that the best flowers
a-e got ; " so that, with these conflicting opinions on
resting, pruning, bottom-heat, and so forth, I did not
benefit much by my reference to back numbers of the
gardening papers. I found also an almost equal
number of diverse opinions on the culture of the
Eucharis, as to resting it, ^c. I should much like to
know whether I should greatly err by at once placing
my Gardenias under a sort of check in the shape of a
brief rest for a fortnight or three weeks, then intro-
duce them to the forcing-house again. I almost fear
I should lose all my buds. A, I£, [The development
of Gardenia buds at this season is a slow process, even
under the most favourable conditions. " A, E." would
be very ill-advised to check the growth of his plants
now by putting them in a cooler temperature, we
should rather increasclhe heat of the housetheyare now
in, though we cannot say if that would be altogether
advisable, because "A. IC." docs not tell us what
temperature the plants have been growing in, upon
which more depends than anything else perhaps.
Ko.]
Tom-tits. — Although these busy little creatures are
at certain periods of the year an intolerable nuisance
and annoyance to gardeners, they are nevertheless
seemingly anxious to make amends for their
mischievousness in a most useful manner, an instance
of which has recently come under my own observa-
tion. I was greatly amused a few days since, upon
noticing two of these busybodies engaged upon the
Celery here ; upon closer observation T discovered
they were in search of the maggot of the Celery Fly
(Tephritis onopordinis), which, by-the-bye, is very
troublesome here this season. If tom-tits will only
assist in ridding us of this troublesome pest, we can
to some extent overlook their misdeeds among our
Pears, however vexing it may be when they attack
our choice table sorts, for which purpose they render
them perfectly useless ; the only way of utilising Pears
thus pecked is to consign them to the stewing pan.
E. Morgan, The Biitts^ Harrow-on'the-Hill.
Cut Chrysanthemums. — In arranging these
flowers we make use of the foliage of Mahonia (Ber-
beris) aquifolia with good effect. Small shoots with
clean growths being first placed in the vases, then
the flowers, cut with a good length of stem, are
arranged. A good support is given to these by the
stiff shoots of the Mahonia. The leaves with the
bronzy hues are excellent for the various shades of
yellow, y. Hudson.
Chou de Burghley. — I fail to recognise any
special feature to recommend this vegetable so strongly
as some have done. It is certainly a Cabbage of
ordinary merit : beyond this I can say nothing in its
favour. With regard to its cooking qualities, it is far
surpassed by the well tried and useful Coleworts ; but
of all the Brassica tribe nothing can compare to the
Chou de Russie for delicacy of flavour, of which I
have previously spoken in these pages. E. Morgan.,
The Bii/ts, Harro'v-on- the- Hill,
Boltonia latifoUa. — I suspect that of the three
forms of this plant mentioned by Mr. WoUey Dod at
p. 473, the white-flowered one may be B. asteroides
{= glastifolia). The original B. latifolia with us has
light violet rays. Asa Gray., Cambridge, A/ass.,
Oct, 23.
Doyenne Boussoch Pear Foliage. — Varying
from a clear yellow to a rich purple-brown and bright
soft red, the leaves of this Pear are very ornamental
at this time. The tree, trained to the wall as an up-
right cordon, looks almost as handsome just now as
it did when covered with blossom, or when laden
with its large, handsome, bright yellow fruit. Its
colouring at present reminds one of the lovely Ampc-
lopsis Veitchii. T.
Cupressus macrocarpa. — In reply to "X.'s"
query in the Gardeners^ Chronicle of Oct. 20, at p. 510,
in regard to measurements, &c., of Cupressus macro-
carpa, I have to inform him that I measured two of our
largest specimens with Kay's Dendrometer (one of
the cheapest, simplest, and best instruments for
measuring the height of trees I have ever come across).
The largest, which was planted in 1S47, is now
50 feet 6 inches in height, the bole, 4 feet from the
ground, being 6 feet 2 inches in diameter. The other,
which was planted about ten years later, but in better
soil, is now 49 feet 6 inches in height, and 6 feet in
diameter 4 feet from the ground. There are two
avenues in the grounds from 30 to 40 feet in height,
as well as hundreds of smaller heights in the park and
pleasure grounds, all in perfect health. There have
been no specimens cut here of sufficient size to test the
merits of the timber. It ripens seeds freely, and
for the last twenty years we have occasionally been
raising seedlings, many of which have been planted
out, and are thriving equally well with those which
have been raised from imported seed. As this in-
teresting tree has been less or more experimented
with in most parts of the three kingdoms, for nearly the
last half century, it would not only be interesting but
useful to arboriculturists if those who have an oppor-
tunity would stale the results in reply to" X,'s" inquiry.
If correspondents could be induced to do so, I
believe from extensive observation that it will be
found to thrive in a much wider range than at one
time it was supposed to do. In localities where the
temperature falls very low it will not succeed. If it
proves valuable as an economical tree it will produce
as large an amount of timber per acre on a light soil
in a given period of time as most other trees. In
selecting seed for timber purposes care should be
taken to collect only from upright growing varie-
ties. The spreading varieties, however useful
they may be as ornamental trees, can have little value
as timber trees, Archibald Fowler, Ca:>l!c Kennedy,
Stranraer.
Golden Queen Grape.— This Grape, which was
awanled a First-class Certificate by the Fruit Com-
mittee of the Royal Horticultural Society ten years
since, is, like some others, a long time in establishing
its character. Diverse conclusions respecting it arc
arrived at, some growers condemning it as unworthy
of cultivation, while others (and amongst them good
authorities, too) are of opinion that there is a good
future awaiting it ; that it will become a valued
variety when its special requirements as to its culture
are ascertained. I hope this will be confirmed, for it
has many good qualities, a part of which are wanting
ill some kinds which are most popular. Different
modes of culture as well as climatical changes affect
both the flavour and appearance of fruit in a marked
degree, so much so in some instances, that even
experts fail to identify common varieties because
of its influence on their character, yet I very
much doubt if skilled culture, or anything else, will
occasion sufficient change in Golden Queen to cause
it to be worthily classed amongst first-rate Grapes,
although there is considerable difference between its
fruit grown in a temperature favourable to Muscats,
and that which suits Alicantes. We have it under each
treatment ; under the former we have but one Vine of
it, which we consider worthy of its room, principally
for the sake of variety, but on account of its flavour
also, for though it does not approach that of Muscats
it is better than some other white sorts which are
commonly grown. Its appearance is likewise im-
proved when it is subjected to more heat than is
generally allowed it by its attaining a clearer colour,
almost losing the muddy-looking veins which are
characteristic of it, especially if its foliage is drawn
aside and the bunches are fully exposed to light and
sun : when treated in this way it keeps well and
retains it full flavour, but after a time begins to
deteriorate in appearance, assuming a dull leaden
colour. As a companion to the Alicante we
find it unsatisfactory, neither its flavour nor colour
reaching the standard it does in a Muscat*house.
Probably it would be better in the Alicante tempera-
ture if we started the house at an earlier date, and
consequently ripening it under more favourable condi-
tions ; but as it was not convenient to give it the trial
we have inarched with other varieties. With the
exception of Gros Colmar, it takes longer to swell
and finish its fruit than any Grape we have, coming
into blossom some days earlier and beginning to colour
about the same time, later than Muscat of Alexan-
dria ; it therefore requires a long season, and should
be started early. Perhaps no other kind possesses a
stronger constitution than Golden Queen, it is very
rampant in habit and swells its stems exceedingly
freely j Vines which we planted four years last May,
and were young canes from a nursery at that time,
have stems now 7 inches in circumference. Asa stock
this variety should answer admirably, for not only
does it swell its stems freely, but its roots are numer-
ous and strong, and quickly ramify a border, readily
grasping any nourishment afforded. When we re-
planted the vineries here the borders were made
piecemeal, and I noticed it was the first to pierce its
vigorous roots through the turf walls which supported
the soil and run them down their sides. We notice
also when top-dressing the borders that it has more
surface-roots than any other, Thos, Cooniher^ Hendre
Gardens^ Monmouth,
Lilium auratum. — Noticing on p. 534 of the
Gardeners' Chronicle interesting notes respecting
some good home-grown examples of this Lily, I think
it may be worthwhile recording the measurement and
weights of some very fine bulbs, also home-grown,
recently observed at Messrs. James Dickson & Sons'
Newton Nurseries, Chester, as follows : — Size i .
Circumference, 17 inches ; weight, i lb. 9 oz. 2.
15 inches round; weight, I lb. 2.\ oz. 3. 14 inches
round ; weight, i lb. Lilium, Chester,
Pyrus pinnatifida. — The plant so beautifully
figured on p. 493 is undoubtedly the P. pinnatifida of
Smith, in Eng. Bot., t. 2331, which came from Castel
Dinas Bran, but it is not my P. fennica (Man., ed. S),
nor the Sorbus fennica or S. hybrida of Fries, It is
the S. scandica of Fries, P. scandica of Syme and of
Babington, but is my former P. fennica, erroneously
so named. Dr. Boswell(then Syme) paid great atten-
tion to these trees, and has, I believe, correctly iden-
tified them with the plants named in Scandinavia by
Fries and others. He entered very fully into the dis-
cussion of the forms or species formerly included
under the P. Aria by Linn.xus {of these P. pinnatifida,
Sm., is one) in the Report of the Boian. Exchange
Club for 1S72, pp. 16—25. 1^6 there states that, in
his opinion, P. fennica is a hybrid between P. aucu-
paria and P, scandica, and in that view I am inclined
6o4
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November lo, 1883.
to agree with him. But as Fries and Nyman do not
think so, and the plant is apparently common
in Sweden, we must still doubt. There is
very little of it in Arran, from whence I have speci-
mens gathered by Mr. Duthie in one glen, and
have also received it from another glen in that island,
where it was found by Mr. Duthie and also by Pro-
fessor Balfour. The names to my specimens from
both of these places have been authenticated by Dr.
Boswell. P. fennica seems to be unknown in cultiva-
tion, but P. scandica (P. pinnatifida, Sm.) is not un-
frequent. Critical questions like this hardly concern
the gardener, who will probably continue to use
Smith's name for this beautiful tree. C. C Bahington,
Cambridge.
Belladonna Lilies. — " F. P." asks if any one
can suggest a reason for Belladonna Lilies not flower-
ing, which, without knowing more about those he
refers to, is a difficult matter, as their failure to
bloom may arise from a variety of causes ; but from
what he says of them I should think they are not in
suitable soil, with proper drainage, and in a situation
fully exposed to the sun, without which it is impos-
sible for them to ripen and mature their bulbs.
What often interferes with the free blooming of Bella-
donna Lilies perhaps more than anything else is the
loss of their foliage in spring, which, appears early
above-ground, and frequently gets cut by frost, to
prevent which the border containing the plants
should be protected by a heavy mulching of half-
rotten leaves and a few evergreen branches stuck in
to break the force of the cold cutting winds. The
way we prepared for ours was to dig out the narrow
border along the front of the greenhouse to the depth
of 3 feet, this we drained by putting in about
6 inches or so of brickbats covered with a layer of
half-rotten dung, on which we returned the soil,
mixed with a good dressing of leaf-mould and sand ;
in this the bulbs were planted 6 inches deep, and
so well have they done that we have had to take them
up to thin and replant, as they were pushing each
other out of the ground. Although this dividing and
replanting was only done a year ago, we have had
plenty of flower this autumn, the last of which we
have only just cut, and we are now clearing the old
stalks away ready to mulch over the bed. As
'* F. P." appears to have his Belladonnas in front of
a stove I should advise particular attention to the
taking care and protection of the foliage, as so much
depends on the leafage they make : and if he does
this, and prepares and plants his border in a similar
way to that we have done ours, I do not think he can
fail. To give the Lilies a good chance the work
should be done now, as the bulbs make their roots
during the winter, and if disturbed later many would
be injured and spoiled. J Sheppard,
White Violets Turning Blue.— I may endorse
Mr. Cannell's experience by saying that it constantly
happened to me when at Bromley Common ; and,
what is more remarkable, I sowed a large quantity of
seed of the White Czar, gathered by myself, and out
of about 100 seedlings or more there was not a white
one in the lot — all common Czar, without even any
distinction of colour. I have coming on now another
batch of seedlings from White Czar, which will show
bloom soon. A. Rawson^ Fallbarro-w, Windermere,
Early-Flowering Chrysanthemums : Madame
Desgrange. — There is aninterregnum, so tospeak,of
the reign of floral beauty during the months of Octo-
ber and November, so it would be very desirable to
add to the limited number of early-flowering Chrysan-
themums that can be had to bloom either in a cool-
house or in beds or borders outside during that time,
especially for cutting purposes. Those we have got
so far have rather poorish flowers, most of which show
a centre, with a few exceptions. Nannie, silvery-
white, is tolerably good, but not so flne as La Vierge,
and neither is as good as Virginia. Precocite, among
yellows, and Anastasio, among pinks, are the best I
know, but none of them can come near Madame
Desgrange as I saw it yesterday at Spring Gar-
dens, the residence of Thomas Phelan, Esq. We
measured the magnificent large white blooms, and
found them 5^ inches across, and not fully developed.
As the temperature here has not fallen much be-
low 50° Fahr., would not this make a magnificent
bedder ? It seems to have some Japanese blood.
W. J. Murphy, Clonmel.
Planting Fruit Trees. — In the generality of
cases, the planting of fruit trees, like that of other
deciduous subjects, is left till much too late in the year
for them to do well, as during the dead cold season
roots are formed very slowly, and when spring comes
and there is a demand for supplies by the buds,
there is little or no absorption of water to feed them
and assist their swelling ; and the result is, as must
naturally follow, they break feebly, and the plants
make but a poor growth. Moved now, or as soon
after this as can be done, fresh fibres are formed at
once, striking proofs of which may frequently be seen
when trees are laid in by the heels for a short time,
as after being lifted again they are often found
covered with young rootlets that are fresh looking
and full of activity. I have witnessed this again
and again, and I always endeavour to give all
deciduous plants a good chance by transplanting
them early. I have already done this this season, and I
have no doubt if they could be examined, that they
would be found busy at work. Besides being so
beneficial for the trees, there are other advantages
in early planting, as first comers to the nurseries
get the pick, which is a very important matter
where a selection has to be made, especially in the
case of Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines, where
so much depends on the stocks, for if these are not
free from suckers, and are rough and knotty in the
bark, they never swell satisfactorily, and the heads
on them fail to do well. It is much the same
with Apples and Pears, and it is quite worth
while, when many are wanted, to go and pick them
out, as then there is no disappointment after they
are sent and get planted. In putting them in the
ground, all should have a little fresh turfy loam,
which, though the natural soil may be ever so
suitable, is a great help in giving them a start.
Manure is bad, and on no account ought it to be
used, except on the top as a mulching, applied in
which way it is beneficial in keeping out frost, and
maintaining the earth about the roots in an equable
state. J. S.
Fuchsia exoniensis (see p. 560). — The particu-
lars I gave to Mr. Hemsley about this plant were to
the effect that it is common in the West of England,
and that it is sometimes known as F. corallina. I
have known this plant for many years, and have
retained a vivid recollection of its robust arching
branches and fine flowers from the time when first it
arrested my attention, and for several years I re-
marked, so far as I knew, its complete absence from
the neighbourhood of London. It was not at Kew I
know, from the desire I had to get it there. Its
name, however, I never knew until after I had
obtained plants from near Plymouth for the Cambridge
Garden ; and then, when it flowered, Mr. Hemsley
was so good as to give me the identification which
still appears to stand. About the same time it came
to me from Mr. Cannell as F. corallina ; and this fact
I communicated to Mr. Hemsley, who apparently
knew nothing of such a name, and said he would look
it up. From Mr. Hemsley's letter received then, and
as he says nothing about it in his notice just pub-
lished, and because I can find the name in no book I
have at command, I take it that the name was never
authoritatively given. With regard to its culture in
the West of England, I may quote what Mr. Archer-
Hind, of Newton Abbot, says. He did not know
what I called F. exoniensis, and so I sent it to him.
He says : — " It appears to me to be the same as one
I have. It grows as high as the eaves of the houses
in many of the seaside villages on this coast, and in
some instances the stem is more than 14 inches in
circumference ; with me, inland, it dies down in
winter." Mr. Ellacombe, of Bitton, upon seeing
this illustration and the account, enclosed me a speci-
men of the plant, and says with reference to the name
F. exoniensis, " I never heard that name before, but
is it not the same as the one enclosed, which I have
grown for years as F. corallina, and which is largely
grown in these parts under that name ?" To this I
can only answer that it is the same, but I have not
seen these plants cultivated as F. corallina growing
under the same conditions with this now figured. It
seems to vary (speaking of them as the same, which
no doubt they are) in foliage according to position ;
Mr. Ellacombe's specimen has opposite leaves, and
they are comparatively delicate and pale, while I
have it flowering now in an open bed with whorls of
four leaves bearing six flowers. These leaves are of
dark reddish-green, and the stems are very dark red,
instead of being pale red. In every case of compari-
son I have made the flowers have been identical.
Mr. Ellacombe says that at Bitton it requires a wall ;
here it lived last winter in the open bed, without pro-
tection, but it should be protected against severe
winters, no doubt. I was indebted to Mr. Brimmell,
the gardener at Antony House, for my stock. In
those gardens it has the herbaceous habit as with Mr.
Archer-Hind, and as I have seen it generally. It
would be of interest now to know how the name F.
corallina came to be applied, and by whom. R.
Iritfin Lynch.
Christmas Roses. — These seem to have got much
in advance of their usual season, as already tufts are
full of bloom, and most acceptable they are for cut-
ting, for besides being so showy and pure, their thick
waxy petals and stout fleshy stems make them very
lasting in water, where they stand fresh almost as long
as they do on the plants. As their flowers are so near
the ground, it is a good plan to mulch under them by
placing a thin layer of half rotten leaves or cocoa-nut
fibre, which prevents any splashing of the soil, and
thus saves the blooms from disfigurement. Another
way of protecting them is to cover with handglasses
or old lights, which should be tilted over them so as
to let in plenty of air, or damp will condense on them
and spot the petals by turning them brown. Laurel
or other evergreen branches also afford excellent
shelter, and any covering adds to the delicacy of the
flowers by rendering them more white, as they lose
the stain of colour they generally have when left fully
exposed. Those who have vases or window-boxes
indoors to furnish will find Christmas Roses excel-
lent things for the purpose, as the plants bear lifting
well, and may be dug up and potted, if done carefully,
and made use of at once, as they are such rooty subjects
that they always lift with good balls, and never flag
or appear to feel the removal if kept supplied with
plenty of water. The sort in most favour with us is
H. niger maximus, which has stout spreading leaves
and very large blooms, but the smaller variety is the
most floriferous of the two, as strong crowns of it
come quite crowded with blossoms. The places where
these Hellebores do best is near the margins of Rho-
dodendron beds, as they are fond of peat, and like a
little natural shade, such as they get there or from
trees, and they also do well in prepared beds with
peat or rotten leaves mixed in with the soil. The
proper time to plant is just when they are starting
into growth, which they do early in the year, when
they may be pulled apart and divided to almost any
extent, as every piece with eyes or buds at the crown
will shoot afresh and make roots. In replanting such
pieces it is advisable to surround them with a pinch
of sand, so as to keep the soil from immediate con-
tact with the injured parts, as the sand assists the
healing over and prevents rot from damp. y. S.
THE CHRYSANTHEMUM
SHOWS.
The glories of the Chrysanthemum season are upon
us, and whether we look at the plants on the breezy
heights of Finsbury Park, or those iu smoke-begrimed
Bethnal Green (Victoria Park), or on those by the
muddy Thames in the Temple Gardens, we see plenty
of evidences of the skill that is brought to bear on the
cultivation of the Londoner's flower par excellence.
That some kinds have done less well at some one or
other of these places does not detract in the least
degree from the cheerful effect afforded by these hand-
some and sometimes singularly formed flowers. The
taste of the uninitiated in these matters is ever vary-
ing, if the cultivator and connoisseur remain true to
their early loves and fancies , The former observer will
see no beauty in anything that is not tasselled, odd in
form, and brilliant in colouring. The Daimios, Cry
Kangs, Harlequins, Red Dragons, and Tycoons put
him into an ecstasy, whilst he would possibly show no
interest at all when in presence of a regularly built
flower of purer tints and finer proportions, such as
meet with due appreciation from the more knowing
ones. Each class demands gratification and enjoy-
ment— a fact fully recognised by these caterers of the
flower in our midst. No one class of flower meets
with redundant attention, and only one with too
little ; we refer here to the pompon and Anemone
class, the few that are grown being merely used to
screen the long legs and unsightly sticks and pots of
the taller plants. This is a class which deserves better
treatment at the hands of our metropolitan growers ;
it would show town dwellers the possibilities of the
smaller type of Chrysanthemum, in close quarters, and
prove how well they are adapted for small gardens and
forecourts, as well as for the window-box and balcony ;
and what they do not possess in grandeur of aspect —
which, by-the-way, often means great longleggedness
and gawkiness — is compensated for by great neatness
and compactness in habit and very abundant bloom.
Town cultivators should look them up.
The house in the Inner Temple Gardens is very
gay, the showy colours being very nicely assorted, and
the whole forming an even bank of bloom from 3 feet
high in the front to more than 5 feet behind. Of
older kinds in fine bloom are — Fair Maid of Guernsey,
white ; White Beverley, Golden Beverley, Golden
Empress of India, Virgin Queen, Aurea Multiflora,
Mrs. Dixon, Venus, both white and peach-coloured ;
Bronze Jardin des Plantes, Cassandra, a handsome
incurved white flower, with the petals tipped with
pink ; Eve, a very pretty primrose ; and Gloria Mundi,
a fine yellow flower, which is much admired. Amongst
the new introductions to this collection we noticed
Chinaman, a singularly confused flower, tasselled,
but in consequence of the petals incurving excessively
but little is seen beyond the reverse of the petals,
which is flesh colour, while the upper side is rosy-
purple ; Progres Toulousain, is a fine dark crimson,
November io, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
605
the form flat and showy ; Bonaniy Aimee, of a regular
form, compact, purple, with white tips, petals in-
curved ; Esmeralda, a reddish-chestnut, with gold
centre, reflexed farm, is a fine showy Japanese sort ;
Curiosity, a pretty lemon flower tipped with red-
brown, is an attractive bloom of the confused Japanese
type ; Dr. Macary is of a delicate mauve colour,
the base of the petals beinp; white, and the
form flattish. A rich ;dark chestnut bloom is seen
in Souvenir de Fran9oise, incurved, and rather
flat in form. ROve de Printemps, a rosy-purple
flower, prettily tasselled and flat, is a good thing.
Other good sorts noticed here are Prometheus, a rich
chestnut ; Mr. Corbay, a crimson-bronze ; Dr. Sharp,
a tine deep pink ; Progne, a medium sized compact
crimson ; Pire DeKiux, a showy crimson chestnut, flat
in form ; Cceur tidcle, a rich gold and brown ; La
Chamoise, a tasselled purplish-rose— a very handsome
bloom J Princess of Teck, a pretty Anemone flowered
pink ; Fleur Parfait, a good purplish-rose ; Diamond,
an orange and crimson ; Tendresse, a grand tasselled
flesh and salmon coloured Japanese kind ; Mr. Jay,
a fine incurved orange, with the base o( petals crim-
son ; Sir Beauchamp Seymour, a fine red-bronze ; and
Orphee, crimson and red— a particularly striking
bloom.
In the Middle Temple the display is quite as
brilliant as in the Inner Temple, the effect being
enhanced by reason of the whole of the bank of plants
being seen at one glance, whereas in the latter there
is a break that detracts from good effect. The plants
are very healthy, but rather tall, perhaps owing to
the gardener, Mr. Wright, being constrained to grow
them under the wall of lofty buildings— a fault he
hopes to be able to control or sensibly abate next
season. Of course to be found here are many of the
varieties to be seen in the other collection, the amount
of bloom, size, and quality being about equal. Most
noticeable were Faust, a fine quilled rosy-purple of
moderate size ; Arizona, also a moderate sized flower
of good shape, incurved, and of a purple colour ;
White Globe, a fine incurved flower ; Hero of Mag-
dala, a handsome Japanese sort, crimson, the reflex
of petals orange ; Fleur parfait. Flambeaux, a flowtr
having rich crimson petals, the centre ones being
tipped with yellow ; Pere Delaux, Orphee, Co-ur
fidele, and La Charmeuse, Eve, Progne being also in
capital form. Dr. Sharp is very well done, as also
are King of Crimsons and Mi. Corbay, Elaine, Hero
of Stoke Newington, a pretty lilac incurved flower ;
Golden Queen of England, very large and fine in form
and colour ; also Catherine Tilford, an incurved gold-
coloured bloom of moderate size ; Themis, a pretty
reflexed flesh-tinted bloom ; Lady St. Clair is a
pleasing, loosely formed incurved flower ; Prince of
Anemones, a very pretty lilac with a pink shade ; and
Striped Queen of England, a fine incurved bold
white flower. Barbara, a rich orange, flat, and
medium in size, is a flower very conspicuous by its
colour ; as is also Sanguinea, a crimson with some
chestnut colour in it ; and Rifleman, another incurved
flower, with similar tints. Hereward, a pleasing
flower of purple colour, the reflex of the petals being
silvery ; Mons. Chas. Hubert, a fine yellow ; Nuit
d'automne, an amaranth ; Nuit d'hiver, a dark gold.
Tendresse and The Daimio, among Chinese or
Japanese kinds were very conspicuous by the novelty
of form and the brilliancy of their colours.
FiNSBURY Park. — In the purer air of Finsbury Park
the visitor expects to find the Chrysanthemums looking
their best, and it must be said that the expectations
formed are fully realised on inspection. The plants are
dwarf and compact, and the colours bright ; we should
say, perhaps, that they are cleaner than is by any means
possible in the heart of London. Without venturing
to mention a full list of good things to be seen here,
we find we have a rather abundant crop of names of
really good flowers jotted down, from which the fol-
lowing have been selected : — Bras-rouge, crimson,
with gold tips ; To Kio, something like Flambeaux,
but flatter, and having fewer petals ; Laciniata,
resembling a double Carnation in form, French-white
and rose in tint ; Venus, mauve, very full, and beauti-
fully incurved ; Mons. Patrolin, a rosy Japanese-lilac ;
Abbe Passaglia, a large bronzy incurved bloom ;
Plenipo, a very fine incurved lilac ; Rob Roy, a con-
fused tasselled Japanese kind, gold and brown-
crimson ; Aurea multiflora, a bright yellow, incurved
flower, with fine even form ; Golden Empress of
India, of the largest size, and very good in condition ;
St. Patrick, an immense incurved rosy-lilac tipped
with gold, are particularly striking ; King of Crimsons
and Lord Clyde are similar in colour, but the former
is reflexed in its petals while the latter are incurved,
and both are of medium size. Comte de Morny, a
deep rose, with reflexed petals, and Mrs. Heale, a
white, with a bright golden mass of central petals ;
GUick, bright yellow and broad basal petals, are good
kinds ; the latter two belonging to the Anemone class.
The Cossack, a bright tasselled crimson, dashed with
gold, is very fine and distinct. Princess of Wales and
Mrs. Parneil, two fine incurved white flowers, were in
capital form; Mrs. Geo. Rundle, Henri Fleuri, a
a beautiful tasselled flesh, with broad petals, were very
fine, as was Madame Eugenie Porquie, a tasselled
brown and gold flower ; the Rev. J. Dix, a fine in-
curved crimson flower, with gold tips, and Thunberg,
a tasselled gold from Japan, will conclude our notes
of the Chrysanthemums so nicely done by Mr. Mard-
lin at these gardens.
Victoria Park. — This collection, the pride and
glory of the East-enders, is, if anything, finer than ever,
and next week, should the open weather continue,
will be at their best. The weather has always to be
taken into consideration when a forecast has to be
made in connection with the Victoria Park show,
this being the only place where a glass structure is
not provided for their exhibition. In the Temple
Gardens and at Finsbury Park the authorities provide
substantial glass shelters for the plants, but Mr.
Mclntyre, who, as regards climate, has, perhaps,
more to contend with than the growers of the collec-
tions named, has to do the best he can with an ordi-
nary canvas shed. The cost of a skeleton show-
house, the lights of which could be used at all other
seasons in the propagating and furnishing department
of the park, would not cost a great deal, but it would
be a great boon to the public, and of great assistance
to the Superintendent ; and on these grounds we
commend the subject to the First Commissioner
as being well worthy of his consideration. A visit to
the park at the present time we feel sure would con-
vince Mr. Shaw-Lefevre of the necessity of such a
structure. The Chrysanthemum is essentially a town
plant, but there are some parts of London where one
would not expect it to do much, and Bethnal Green is
one of them. How, in the smoke-laden atmosphere
of this place Mr. Mclntyre manages to make such
a display,'js not quite clear, but there it is — a long bank
of large, medium, and small flowers, show sorts,
Japanese and pompons, 150 varieties, and about a
thousand plants in all, with ample foliage down to the
pots. New additions are made to the collection every
year, the poorer sorts being regularly weeded out to make
room for them so as to keep the number within reason-
able limits, and the standard of excellence always a
good one. That grand old variety. Dr. Sharpe, here,
as at the other places, is to be seen in grand form —
it seems to be universally good this year ; James
Salter also claims attention by reason of its fine size,
and other notable sorts one could not help but admire
a few days ago were Hermione, Novelty, a pretty
incurved flower ; Astrolabe, Hereward, Golden Her-
mione, Peter the Great, a new yellow ; Sir Stafford
Carey, Bronze Queen, Louise Salter, Gluck, and
Prince of Anemones, and Mr. W. Shipman, new and
lively in colour.
The Chrysanthemums at "Glencairn,"
SuRBiTON Hill. — At this place, the residence of
T. H. Bryant, Esq., a gentleman whose name is well
known and recognised among Chrysanthemum growers
as one of the most successful cultivators of this popu-
lar favourite, preparations are being made for an exhi-
bition of them in his own grounds, the proceeds of the
show to be given to the funds of the local Cottage
Hospital. It is to be wished that the laudable inten-
tion will meet with the general support of all lovers of
the Chrysanthemum, and of the well wishers of the
above-named useful institution. The exhibits will be
staged in two large tents on the lawn, and are to be
associated with other floral contributions that will add
to the charm and attractiveness of the whole. There
are here some capital specimens of well-known favour-
ites among show varieties, the largest plants measuring
fully 7 feet in diameter. These consist of Mrs. Rundle,
Mrs. Dixon, Mr. Glenny, amongst incurved flowers —
the pompon, James Forsyth, also being quite as large;
the pretty Anemone-flowered Marguerite de Caux,
of S feet diameter ; Prince of Wales, Bijou de I'Hor-
ticulture, Mrs. Anstey, and Rosinante being about
I foot less through them. Besides the above-named
examples of cultural skill are a number of the choicest
of the newer kinds of Japanese varieties. Fine blooms
are the rule, and the various examples would be
difficult to excel for size, variety of colouring, and
grotesqueness of form. We noticed especially Cri-
terion, a large amber ; Etoile Toulousain, large and
double, the drooping red petals on the outside only,
while the middle ones are erect, making it a most
singular flower, the reverse side of the petals only being
seen ; Lord Wolseley, a fine chamoise-purple ;
Mons. Lemoine, a rich red, tipped with gold ; G,
Gordon, a grand crimson not unlike Dahlia Juarezii ;
Album plenum, a faint sulphur tinged flower of
a large size ; Curiosity, a fine French-white ;
Magnum Bonum, a rosy-lilac the reverse of the
petals being of a lighter hue ; the very singular
looking Comte de Germiny was of a very com-
pact form and large, the colours, of nankeen and
striped crimson showing well ; Mons. Brunet was an
immense flower of a pure flesh colour ; Emeraude is a
long recurved petaled flower of red-salmon tint,
shaded yellow, the centre being white ; Mdlle. Mou-
lise, is a fine cream-white and rose, with pale prim-
rose centre, and very large. These are merely a
few of the good things to be seen here, many of
which will be in perfection during the course of next
week. M.
FLOWERS IN SEASON.
Mr. Ware sends us, together with some plants of
which we shall take note later on, flowers of
Iris alata (scorpioides) with flowers about
4 inches across. The very long flower-tube is tri-
angular and bears three spreading narrow sepals,
each about I inch in length. These correspond to
the " falls " of an ordinary Iris, only they do not fall
but spread horizontally. The petals or standards of
garden nomenclature are erect or ascending for half
their length, afterwards spreading or recurved. The
petal-like styles are erect, deeper violet, their broad
summits incurved, each about 3 inches long by
I J inch in the broadest part, oblong ovate obtuse,
narrowed at the base into a troogh-like stalk. The
colour of the petals is slaty-blue with a central golden
stripe and n mottled arrangement of blue and white
spots, but without any " beard." The species is
remarkably handsome.
Nerine filikolia has, as its name implies, long
linear leaves like those of the Sheep's Fescue, Festuca
ovina, but longer. The flowers, which, as in all the
Nerines, are borne in umbellate clusters, provided at
the base with two spreading bracts about I inch long,
are about 2 inches across, with six very narrow
undulate rose-pink segments, recurved so as to expose
the six upturned stamens with their small black
anthers. The ovary is sub-globose, only slightly
lobed, and the pedicels slightly hairy.
Nerine crispa has the same general habit with
broader linear oblong leaves, and an umbel of pale
pink flower, each about I inch across, and with
narrower, less showy flower segments. The ovary
is sub-globose and deeply globed, the pedicels
glabrous.
OsMANTHUS aquifolium. — Mr. Noble sends us
specimens of this hardy evergreen in flower. It is
one of the very best shrubs for town gardens. Mr.
Noble's specimens are further interesting as confirm-
ing the statement we made in. our volume for 1877,
February 24, p. 239, that two forms of leaves occa-
sionally occur on the same shoot, and therefore that
the distinction drawn between O. aquifolium and O.
ilicifolius, and still adhered to in some nurseries, is a
purely arbitrary one.
Cestrum nocturnum. — From Mr. W. O. Chalk
comes a specimen of this rarely seen greenhouse
shrub. It is a native of Mexico, and has lanceolate
glabrous leaves, in the axils of which are produced
long cymose racemes of tubular greenish flowers, each
nearly an inch in length, and not remarkable for
beauty, but having a delicate perfume, specially
observable at night. The structure of the flower is
interesting botanically, and we hope shortly to have
an opportunity of figuring it, as on account of its
perfume it is worthy a place in the greenhouse.
6o6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 1883.
JloJihis' Jitrufp.
Seasonable Notes : The Auricula. — As I
write the weather is very mild for the season, which
gives the plants which threw up flower trusses in the
month of September a chance to form a new heart
before the winter sets in. My experience with such
plants is this — that they do not form such large
trusses in the spring, nor are the pips so perfect in
form. The plants require judicious watering now,
and until the frosts set in. All such as have formed
a sturdy crown in the centre of the plant, and have
made no attempt to flower, should have just enough
water to prevent the roots being injured. Those that
have shown trusses ought now to be watered more
freely to cause them to make some growth. It is not
safe to leave the lights off at night after this time of
the year, as the heavy dews and fogs wet the leaves,
and they scarcely dry before sunset of the day follow-
ing. We are planting out a number of alpines this
year ; they are well adapted for certain positions on
the rockwork. There are sheltered spaces large enough
to hold half-a-dozen plants or more of one variety,
and I fancy they have a better effect that way than
when the colours are mixed. The double dark alpine
form is not worth growing either as a pot-plant or
planted out, so we threw our stock away. The
double yellow variety seems to be merely a form of
the Primula Auricula in its wild state, but it makes a
nice plant for the rock garden. All the alpines that
have the flower-trusses supported on stiff stems do
well planted out.
Carnations and Picotees. — Our potting-up of
the layers was finished ten days ago, and a little
attention is required to see that none of them lack
water, and any decaying leaves are at once removed.
The latest to be potted were the yellow ground
Picotees and self Carnations, mostly of the Clove
type. It may not be known very widely that there
is much difference in the perfume of Carnations and
Picotees, very few of them being Clove-scented ; those
that are we are careful to propagate, and when the
flake or bizarre throws a self flower — as most of them
will some time or other — we have then a Clove of a
new colour. Mr. Dodwell's new purple-flake. Squire
Whitbourn, is decidedly Clove-scented, and, as it is of
the richest purple-fiake we may soon expect a new
purple Clove. Amongst new yellow-ground Picotees
Janira (Nye), being sent out by Mr. Turner, is novel
and distinct. Amongst perpetual flowering varieties
we have at present in flower Mrs. Llewelyn, deep
rose — a charming variety ; and Juliette, not quite so
large, but a beautiful rose colour — no collection should
lack these two. Whipper In is a fancy flake, crimson
and maroon, also very fine. We flower these all
through the winter. There is also a batch of young
plants now in 6o's, but they will be potted on to
flower in the spring.
Dahlias. — With us these are still in full beauty,
and as the weather is more like August than Novem-
ber, one cannot say how long they will remain so.
Frost threatened on one evening, about October 24,
to kill them, but a change came about 10 P.M., when
the glass had fallen to 30°, It will probably soon be
the time to take them up, and in that case see that
the roots when lifted are turned upside down, to
drain all moisture out of the hollow stems. Let the
roots be well dried before storing them away in a
dry cool place, but out of the way of frost.
Hollyhocks. — We were congratulating ourselves
on entire immunity from the ^disease, but on going
over the plants a few weeks ago it was found on one
plant. If we had possessed another example of that
variety the diseased plant would have been destroyed
root and branch ; as it was, we dug it up and cut
every affected leaf off, potted the old stump, and
isolated it completely from the others. It was well
washed with soapy water well thickened with sulphur.
Instructions as to the treatment of old and young plants
were given at p. 430.
Pansies. — Instructions were given at the same page
how to treat out-of-door plants ; but the best varieties
ought to be grown in pots in cold frames. A 6-inch
pot will do for a good-sized plant, and I fancy the
plants look quite as attractive in these pots as they do
in larger ones. As long as the Weather continues
mild the plants will grow freely. They should now
be very strong plants, well established in large 60-sized
pots. They should be potted this month into pots a
size larger, to be repotted into their flowering pots
two months later. I find the compost that we use
for Hyacinths does well for Pansies; it contains
quite a fourth part of rich cow-manure, with a good
sprinkling of sand and leaf-mould. We admit no
peat soil into the Pansy compost. The plants should
be placed in a frame very near to the glass, the lights
to be removed altogether in fine weather. It will
be necessary to fumigate to destroy greenfly, which is
troublesome ; slugs, too, look out for their share of
the flower-buds, which they sadly mar. The roots
must be kept fairly moist all through the winter,
except in time of frost,
Pentstemons. — We find it is necessary to treat
these very much the same as if they were shrubby
Calceolarias. Any time during October the cuttings
may be put in, either in pots or hand-glasses. If in
pots they should be plunged in cocoa-nut fibre refuse.
They strike equally well in the hand-glasses if they
are pricked out in fine sandy soil. The glass lights
need not be removed at all until the cuttings are
rooted, and they must be looked over about once a
week, to see that they do not want for water.
Tulips. — It will now be time to plant out these,
as the roots show signs of growing out from the base
of the bulbs. At present the ground is in capital
condition, being quite dry. Our process of planting
and preparing the ground is very simple. Any rich
piece of ground from which the crop has been cleared
in September or October will do. If it is not rich we
dig in a good dressing of rotten stable manure. On
the top of this ground is spread out 2 or 3 inches of
decayed turfy loam, well chopped up ; if it is rather
heavy loam some sea-sand is mixed with it. A hole
is made with the fingers, some sand is put round the
root, the loam pressed over it, leaving the crown
3 inches under-ground. A space of 9 inches is suffi-
cient between the bulbs. In previous numbers I have
described the old-fashioned method of planting with
seven rows in a bed, arranging the different classes.
We do not protect our beds in any way, but I find
they succeed well in a sheltered border in front of a
wall. There are but four rows in the bed, and we can
reach the blooms nicely from either side. y. Douglas
LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.
Epidkndrum. — Conii7tued from p. 574.
189. E. (Aulizeum) sceptrum, Lindl., Orch. Linden,
p. 8 ; FoL Orch., n. in ; XValp. Ann., vi.,
P- 353 I ^^i' Hort., xxviii., p. 96. — Venezuela, at
6500 feet. Introduced by Linden in 1843.
Pseudobulbs a foot long ; flowers ver>' numerous ;
petals brilliant golden-yellow, spotted with purple ;
lip bright purple, white at the base. Hort. Kew.
190. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — AMPHIGLOTTIDE^)
SCHLIMII, Rchb. f., Linncsa, xxii., p. 838 ; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 361 ; Fol. Orch., n. 201 ; ///. Hort,,
xxviii., p. 96. E. tenellum, Lindl., Fol. Orch., n.
138. — Venezuela, at 6500 feet. Introduced by
Linden in 1848. Flowers pale red.
E. ScHLiMir, Lindl., not of Rchb. f. ^ socorrense.
191. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — AMPHIGI^OTTIDE^) SCHOM-
BURGKii, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 15,
t. 53 ; Card. Chron. 1843, p. 631 ; Paxt., Mag.
Bot., x., p. 121, with a coloured plate; Maund,
Botanist , iv., t. 165, copied in Burnett's PL Util.,
iii., t. 83a. E. Julgens, Brongn., Voy. Diiperrey,
t. 43. — Guiana. Discovered by Schomburgk ;
imported and cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges. A
striking species, having vermilion -red flowers,
clustered at the top of a slender scape, like E.
cinnabarinum and E. radicaus. In this the
labellum is narrower and toothed rather than
fringed.
192. E. SCRIPTUM, A. Rich, and Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat.,
s^rie 3, iii., p. 22 ; Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 264 ; ///.
Hort., xxviii., p. 96. — Mexico. Introduced by*
Linden in 1837. Hort. Kew.
193. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— SUBUMBELLAT^) SCULP-
TUM, Rchb. f. , Bonplandia, 1854, p. 89 ; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 401. — Panama. Introduced by Mr.
Keferstein, and cultivated by Mr. Lehmann.
194. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) selligerum,
Batem., Bot, Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 40; Lindl.,
Fol. Orch., n. 26 ; IValp. Ann., vi., p. 327. —
Mexico and Guatemala. Introduced by Slunner,
and cultivated by Mr. Bateman. Flowers dingy
brownish-purple, with a white or rose-coloured
Up ; sweet-scented, like Tuberoses or Violets.
Hort. Kew.
E. SECUNDUM = elongatum.
195. E. (Aulizeum) seriatum, Lindl., Fol. Orch., n.
183 (under Am phi glottis) ; Rchb. f., Walp. Ann.,
vi., p. 347 ; Refug. Bot., ii., t, 90, Card. Chro?i.,
1871, p. 1323. E. luteo-roseum, A. Rich, and Gal.,
Ann. Sc. Nat., s^rie 3, iii., p. 19. — Mexico. Im-
ported and cultivated by Mr. Bateman. A slender
plant having yellowish -greeen sepals and petals,
purple-brown near the tips, with a httle white on
the lip.
E. SINUOSUM, Lindl. ; see tovarense.
196. E. (Barkeria) Skinneri, Batem., Bot. Reg., t.
1881 ; Bot. Mag., X. 3951; Warner, Sel. Orch.,
ser. I, t. 38 ; XValp. Ann., vi., p. 382. Barkeria
Skinneri, Paxt., Mag. Bot., sv., p. i, with a
coloured plate ; Pudyt, Les Orch., t. 6. E. Fuchsii,
Regel, Schweiz. Zeitschr. Gartenb., 1851, p. 202.
— Guatemala. Introduced by G. U. Skinner in
1835, and flowered by Mr. Bateman in 1836.
A handsome species, having long racemes of
medium size rich purple flowers, with a little
yellow on the labellum.
197. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM — AMPHIGLOTTIDE.^) SMARAG-
DINUM, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 32 ; Fol.
Orch., n. 208 ; Walp. An?i., vi., p. 386.— Guiana
and Brazil. Cultivated by Loddiges. Flowers
small, bright green, of the same hue as the
leaves.
198. E. (Aulizeum) socORRENSE, Rchb. t,Bonplandia,
1854, p. 20 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 396 ; ///. Hort.,
xxviii. E. Schlimii, Lindl., Fol. Orch., n. 234.
— New Grenada. Introduced by Linden. Stem
said to branch like a shrub. Flowers red.
199. E. (EUEPIDENDRUM— SpATHACE^)SPATHACEUM,
Lindl. ; Hook., Journ. Bot., iii., p. 85 •,Fol. Orch.,
n. 166; Walp. Ann., vi., p. yjx ; III. Hort.,
xxviii., p. 96. — New Grenada to Peru. Introduced
by Mr. J. Linden in 1847. Flowers white and
pink, in dense masses, upwards of 18 inches long.
200. E. (Barkeria) spectabile, Rchb. f., Walp.Aun.,
vi., p. 375. Barkeria spectabihs, Batem., Bot. Reg.
1842, Misc., p. 43 ; Orch. Mex. a7id Guat., t. 33 ;
Bot. Mag., t. 4094 ; Paxt., Mag. Bot., x., p. 169,
with a coloured plate ; Fl. des Serres, i., t. 24
(copied from Paxton's Magazine). — Mexico and
Guatemala. Introduced by Skinner and Hartweg.
Flowers very showy, 3 inches across, lilac-purple ;
lip paler, studded with blood-red dots.
E. spectabile =^ oncidioides.
E. Spruceanum = nocturnum.
E. squalidum r^ bicameratura.
201. E. (Psilanthemum) stamfordianum, Batem.,
Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 11 ; Lindl., Fol. Orck.^
n. 88 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 415 ; Bot. Mag.,
t- 4759; Lemaire, Jard. Fleur., iii., t 251 (var.
pictum). E. basilare, Klotzsch ; Otto and Dietr.,
Allg. Gart. Zeit. 1843, p. 193 ; Link, Kl. and
Otto, Ic. PI. Far. Hort. BeroL, p. in, t. 45.
E. cycnostalix, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1853. p. 731.
— Guatemala. Discovered by Skinner, and culti-
vated by Mr. Bateman. One of the finest of the
genus, having large panicles proceeding from
below the pseudobulbs of fragrant bright yellow
and green flowers spotted with crimson ; Up having
white lateral lobes and a violet spot at the base.
202. E, (EUEPIDENDRUM — SUBUMBELLATvE) STENO-
PETALUM, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3410 ; Lindl.,
Fol. Orch., n. 247. E. lamellatum, Westcott,
Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc., p. 46. Isochilus eltgans,
Focke, Tijdschr. Natuur. Wetensch., iv., p. 68.
— Jamaica. Sent to the Glasgow Botanic Garden
in 1835 by Mr. Macfadyen. A pretty species,
having a cluster of small lilac-purple flowers
between the two small leaves at the top of each
stem. The hp, which is free in this species, has
a darker purple blotch in the middle and a yellow
and white base.
203. E. (Aulizeum) stramineum, Lindl., Fol. Orch.,
n. 100 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 351 ; ///. Hort.,
xxi,\., p. 51. — New Grenada, at 8500 feet. Intro-
duced by Mr, J. Linden. Flowers yellowish-
green.
204. E. strophinx, Rchb. f., Linncsa, xli., p. 78.—
Guatemala. Cultivated by Consul Schiller, of
Hamburgh. Near E. nsevosura.
205. E. (Encyclium — Holochila) subaquilum,
Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1846, under t. 64 ; Fol. Orch.,
n. 8. — Mexico or Guatemala. Cultivated by Mr.
Warner. A small plant, having dull brown
flowers with a whitish hp.
306. E. syringothyrsis, Rchb. f., Bot. Mag., t. 6145 ;
Xenia Orch., iii,, p. 22. — Bolivia. Discovered by
Mr. Pearce, and introduced for Messrs. Veitch in
1866, A tall, handsome species, belonging to the
same group as E. elongatum. Flowers dark
purple, with a Httle orange and yellow on the lip
and column, crowded in long racemes.
E. tenellum ■=. Schlimii.
307. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) tessellatum,
Batem., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 7; Lindl.,
Fol. Orch., n. 69 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3638. E.lividum,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 51 ; Fol. Orch.,
n. II. E. articulatum, Klotzsch ; Otto and
Dietr., Allg. Gart. Zeit. 1838, p. 297. — Mexico
to Venezuela. Introduced by Mr. Skinner, and
cultivated by Mr. Bateman. Flowers green and
brown, with transverse red marks inside.
ao8. E. (Encyclium) thrombodes, Rchb. f., Linneea,
xli., p. 79. — Peru. Imported and cultivated by
Messrs. Veitch. Near E. aromaticum. Sepals
and petals yellow, marked with purple-brown ;
column yellowish, marked with purple ; lip yellow,
veined with purple.
209. E. (Aulizeum) tigrinum, Lindl., Orch. Linden-
iana, p. 9 ; Fol. Orch., n. 116 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p.
354. — Venezuela. Introduced by Mr. Linden.
Flowers orange- yellow, spotted with red, with a
white and purple lip. A plant in the way of E.
variegatum, but having flowers four times as large.
210. E. (Aulizeum) tipuloideum, Lindl., Fol. Orch.,
n. 98 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 350. — Venezuela, at
1000 feet. Introduced by Linden. A small
grassy plant, having white and brown flowers.
{To he eontinu^d.'S
November lo, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
607
Wilt Mcatljcr.
STATE OF THE
WEA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, LONDON,
For the Week ending Wednesday, November
7. .883.
Hygrome-
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13.5
13.040.3
— 4.4
37.8 92 {
SE, :
S.S.W.
0.13
Mean
3961
-0..7
50.1
,0.9
9,3;4S.3
— 0.2
43.4 90
Vari-
able.
0.88
Nov. z. — Fine day, few gleams of sunshine. Fine night,
overcast.
— 3. — Fine, misty in morning, very dull. Fine night,
overcast.
— 3. — Dull day, dark from 10 A.M. till 2 P.M. Slight rain
during the evening.
— 4. — Faint gleams of sunshine before 9 A.M., rain from
10 A.M. till 6 p M. Clear sky from 7 P.M.
— 5. — Fine bright day till 2.30 P.M., few dark clouds at 3
P.M. Rain from 7 P.M.
— 6. — Very dull, rain from early morning till 3 P.M. Fine
night, cloudless.
— 7, — Dense fog from early morning till 6 p.m., raining at
8 P.M.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending November 3 the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea increased from 30.20 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30.25 inches by 9 A.M. on
the 28th, decreased to 30.16 inches by midnight on
the same day, increased to 30.45 inches by 9 a.m. on
the 30th, decreased to 30.24 inches by midnight on
October 31, increased to 30.27 inches by midnight on
November I, decreased to 30.04 inches by midnight
on the 2d, and was 30. 10 inches by the end of the
week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 30.24 inches, being 0.31 inch higher than last
week, and 0.31 inch above the average of the week.
Temperature, — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 60°, on October 28 ; the highest
reached on November 2 and 3 was 48*. The mean
of the seven high day temperatures was 52°. 8.
The lowest temperature was 43°. 5, on November 2
and 3 ; on October 29 the lowest temperature was 49°.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures was
4S°.8.
The greatest range of temperature m one day was
15°, on October 28; and the smallest was 4°. 4, on
October 31, The mean of the seven daily ranges
was 7°.
The mean temperatures were — on October 28,
Si°.5 ; on the 29th, 52°. i ; on the 30th, 50°.: ; on
the 31st, 49"; on November i, 48°. I ; on the 2d,
45°. 5 ; and on the 3d, 46' ; and these were all above
their averages (excepting November 2, when it was
o°.5 below) by 4°.8, 5°.5, 3°.6, 2°.6, i°.9, and o°.2
respectively.
The mean temperature was 48''.9, being i°.9 below
last week, and 2°.6 above the average of the week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was lo8°.5, on October 28. The mean of the
seven readings was 7*°*9"
The lowest reading of a thermometer with its
bulb placed on short grass was 37°.9, on October 30.
The mean of the seven readings was 40°. 2.
Rain. — Rain fell on October 29 and on Novem-
b«r 3 to the amount of 0.04 inch.
England : Temperature. — During the week ending
November 3 the highest temperature was 61° at
Nottingham, and 60° at Truro, Blackheath, Sheffield,
and Hull ; the highest at Bolton was 55°. 9, at Sun-
derland 56°, and at Bradford 56°. 4. The general
mean was 58°.4.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 35°.? at
Bolton, 35°. 8 at Leicester, and 36°.! at Bristol ; the
lowest at Plymouth was 48°. 7, at Truro 47*, and at
Brighton, 44°. 3. The general mean was 40°. 7.
The greatest ranges in the week were 23°. 7 at
Leicester, 21° at Sheffield, and 20°. 9 at Bristol ; the
smallest ranges were io°.4 at Plymouth, 13° at Truro,
and I3°.7 at Brighton. The general mean was 17°. 7
The mean of the seven high day temperatures wa^
highest at Truro, 57°, at Plymouth 56°. 2, and at
Nottingham and Leeds 53°.9 ; and was lowest at
Sheffield and Bolton, 50°. 9, and at Liverpool 51°. I.
The general mean was 52°. 8.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures
was highest at Truro, 5o°.7, at Plymouth 50°.4, and
at Brighton 46°.9 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton,
4i°.4, at Bolton 4i°.5, and at Hull 4i°.6. The
general mean was 44°. 6.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Hull, 12°. I, at Wolverhampton 10°.3, and at
Nottingham Io°.2 j and was least at Plymouth,
5°.8, at Brighton 6°.i, and at Truro 6°,3. The
general mean was 8°. 2.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 53",
at Plymouth 52°.5, and at Brighton 49°. 2 ; and was
lowest at Bolton, 45°.4, at Wolverhampton 45''.7> ^^d
at Sheffield 46°. 3 The general mean was 47°. 9.
Rain. — The largest falls were— o. 57 inch at Ply-
mouth, 0.4S inch at Truro, and 0.34 inch at Wolver-
hampton ; the smallest falls were — o.oi inch at Leeds,
0.02 inch at Brighton and Liverpool. No rain fell
at Sunderland. The general mean was o. 15 inch.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing November 3 the highest temperature was 62°. I,
at Leith ; at Greenock the highest in the week was
54°, The general mean was 57°. 5.
The lowest temperature in the week was 33°,
at Perth ; at Greenock the lowest temperature was
4l''.2. The general mean was 38''. I.
The mean temperature was highest at Glasgow,
49°. I ; and lowest at Perth, 45''.7. The general
mean was 47°. 7.
Rain. — The largest fall was 1.25 inch at
Greenock ; and the smallest was 0.03 inch at Edin-
burgh. No rain fell at Aberdeen. The general mean
fall was 0.27 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
Answers to Correspondents.
Ekigeron muCronatum. X. This is of Mexican origin.
It was at first mistaken for the Australian Vittadenia
triloba.
Glazing : A Subscriber. The best plan is to bed the
glass well in putty, but to put none on the top, as in
the old and usual style of glazing.
Names of Fruit : G. C. Apples : i, Gooseberry ; 2,
Pine Golden Pippin. Pears : r, Catillac ; 2, Huyshe's
Bergamot ; 4, Josephine de Malines. — y. B. T. 1,
Pear, Beurr^ Ranee ; 2, Apple, Bess Pool. — S. L. i,
Barcelona Pearmain ; 2, not recognised ; 3, not known
— very handsome ; 4, Beauty of Kent ; 5, Bedfordshire
Foundling, — N. S. r. Doyenne Boussoch ; 2, Beurr^
Diel ; 3, Beurr^ Hardy ; Apples : 4, Bess Pool ; 6, King
of the Pippins. — Belt Sy Son. i, not recognised ; 2,
Court Pendu P14t ; 3, Kerry Pippin ; 4, Cox's Orange
Pippin ; 5, Scarlet Nonpareil ; 6, Braddick's Non-
pareil ; 7, Minchal Crab.— A/. 'J . P. Apples : I, Cox's
Orange Pippin ; 2 and 4, King of the Pippins ; 3,
London Pippin. Pears: i, quite decayed; 2, Jose-
phine de Malines. — A. P. i, Sam's Crab; 2. Moor-
park Pippin. — I?r. Wallace. Colchester. 2, King of
the Pippins ; 3, Golden Reinette ; s, Herefordshire
Russet : 6, Forge ; 7. Baxter's Pearmain ; others not
recognised. — W. M. Apple. Brabant Bellefleur. —
J. M., Lockinge. Pears : i, Beurr^ de Capiaumont ;
2, Uvedale'sSt. Germain ; 3, Louise Bonne of Jersey.
Apples: I, Yorkshire Beauty; 2, Gravenstein ; 4,
Mank's Codlin ; 5, Mere de Manage ; 6 and n, Down-
ton ; 7, Tower of Glamis ; 8, Lamb Abbey Pearmain ;
9, Gloria Mundi. — A. S. r, Kirke's Schone Ram-
bour ; 2, Rhode Island Greening ; 3, Orange Pear-
main ; 4, Woodley's Favourite ; 5, Tower of Glamis ;
6, Hoary Morning ; 7, Pear, Emille d'Heyst. — George
Wood. I, Alfriston ; 2, Hanwell Souring ; 3, Irish
Giant ; 4, Wormsley Grange Pippin ; 5, King of the
Pippins ; 6, Blenheim Orange ; 7, Duke of Devon-
shire : 8, Coe's Golden Drop. — A small box (contain-
ing five Apples wrapped separately in sheets of Pall
Mall Gazette, and two of one sort in another paper)
has been received without any letter. The varieties
are :— i. Golden Noble ; 2, Winter Hawthornden ; 3,
French Crab ; 4, Hambledon Deux Ans ; 6, London
Pippin. We have received so many parcels of fruit to
be named that we must ask those who send them to
exercise a little patience. We cannot undertake to
give the name the same week. The work of identi-
fying Apples and Pears is one ot some difficulty, and
we cannot devote all our time to it, having other more
urgent work to do.
Amateur. Adiantum graciUi-
Yes. Colchicum autumnale
We think it is the old Tea,
' lAovieX."— James Cypher. Zygopetalum crinitura.—
James Shiel. Drosera rotundifolia. — N. Burgess.
Xanthium spinosum. — R. B. Panlcum miUaceum. —
C. W. Dod. Aster sikkimensis, A. lasvigatus, and A.
Araellus several forms.— A/r. Culling/ord. Artemisia
annua. — Clifton, i, Asplenium Adiantum nigrum ; 2,
Pleopeltis Billardieri ; 3, Pterislongifolia ; 4, P. serru-
lata cristata ; 5, Polyslychium angulare proliferum : 6,
Scolopendrium vulgare macrosorum ; 7, Asplenium
marinum. — A. D. Spiraea arisefoHa. — N. B. Rhus
Cotinus (the Wig-plant).
Stone for Rockwork : H. H.. Bournemouth. You
cannot do better than make use of the various sorts of
Names of Plants :
mum. — A Subscriber.
flore-pleno. — D. M.
stone peculiar to the district. To mix with the lime-
stone— of which we presume you can get plenty close
at hand — you may, for the sake of variety, get some of
either the white sandstone, or of the two or three other
sorts of stone to be obtained from the quarries at
Swanage, the cost of which should not be heavy if
carried by sloop or barge.
Suogkstion : D. D. C. The matter has often been con-
sidered. Under the present system greater value is
given for the money, and much earlier information is
possible than under the plan you advocate. Our expe-
rience of the plan is not favourable to its further exten-
sion : at the same time we are obliged for your sugges-
tion, and shall be glad of others.
Winter -flowering .Stove and Greenhouse
Plants ; J. E. The following plants will supply
you with cut blooms from August to January, but the
quantity will depend on your requirements, accommo-
dation, and cultural skill: — Stove: Eucharis from
August to January ; Allamandas, Bougainvilleas, Cle-
rodendrons, Dipladenias, Gardenias, Ixoras, Pancra-
tiums, Rondeleli.as, and Stephanolis, from August to
middle nf October. Thence onwards to Jauuary,
Begonia Knowsleyana, B. insignis, Urceolina aurea,
Jasminum gracillimum, Ipomea Horsfallice, Plumbago
rosea, Centropogon Lucianus, Eranthemums, Thyrsa-
canthus. Euphorbia jacquinsefiora, Gesneras in variety,
Poinsettias, Scutellarias, and Epiphyllums of the trun-
catum section. Greenhouse : Bouvardias in variety
from August to January ; Vallota purpurea, Agapan-
thus umbellatus, Lilium lancifolium, vars., and L.
auratum. Tuberoses, Statice imbricata and S. profusa,
Lapageria rosea and L. alba, from August to end of
September. Thence Pelargoniums (zonal section),
Epacris (winter varieties), Celosia pyramidalis. Globe
Amaranthus, double Primulas, Jasminum grandi-
florum, Nerines, or Guernsey Lilies, Salvias, Tree
Carnations, Cyclamen persicum, Libonias, Sparmannia
africana, Camellias and Chrysanthemums, with the
aid of Roman Hyacinths, Paper-White and Roman
Narcissus, and Schizostylis coccinea, onwards to
January.
Zonal Pelargoniums ; An Amateur. You should
have potted up the rooted cuttings in the middle of
September, or earlier, to have got them established
and well hardened before winter ; and you should not
have potted them when you did in damp soil, unless
you could have given them a little heat to set the roots
in motion. Pick all decaying leaves off the plants, and
give them a little heat, with plenty of air when fine,
and keep them on the dry side as regards watering. It
you have no heat, shake the cuttings out of their pre-
sent soil, and pot them in moderately dry sandy soil,
using the smallest pots they can be put into.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
James Dickson & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester —
Autumn Catalogue of General Nursery Stock.
William Meadmore, Romford, Essex — Roses.
Alexis Dalliere. Faubourg de Bruxelles, Ghent —
Stove and Greenhouse Plants.
Alex. A. Campbell, Cove Gardens, Gourock — Choice
Hybrid Gladioli.
Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle — Forest and orna-
mental Trees and Shrubs.
Hogg & Robertson, 22, Mary Street, Dublin — Forest
and Ornamental Trees, &c.
Communications Received.— T. S. W.—W. O. C— R. Pfau.
— j. E. H.— A. W.— T. Hunter.— E. R.— J. S.-G. C. D —
I. O. W.— D. T. F.— A. F. B.— A Constant Subscriber (see
&506).— R. I. G.— H. E.— O. 0.— W. Smythe.— Pomona.—
. r. S.— R. D.— E. V. B— T. D. H.-C. T.— A. E.—
E. A. S.— P. L.— T. R. B.— Porthewidden.— W. B. T.—
S. J. T.-J. D. F.-J. S. S.-J. F.-M. O.— J. J. F.—
A. O. W.-T. J. S.— W. W.
larkcls.
CO VENT GARDEN, November 8.
A LARGE cargo of St. Michael Pines to hand, consi
derably affecting home fruit. Apple market quiet,
with prices inclined to give way. Grapes dull. Kent
Cobs maintain Iheir rise. Trade generally dull. James
Webber, Wholesale Apple Market.
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.
s.d.
Apples, J^-sieve . . i o-
Cobs, per loolb. ..150 o-
Figs, per dozen .. 10-
Grapes, per lb. . . x o-
s.d.
3 o
s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case ..15 0-35 o
Pears, French, doz. 16-40
Pine-apples, English,
per lb 20-..
Vegetab LBS.— Average Retail Prices.
Globe,
s. d. 5. d.
Artichokes,
per dor 3 o~ 5 o
— Jerusalem, bush. 40-..
Beans, Fieoch, lb. . . i c- . .
Beet, per doz. . . 10- . .
Cabbages, per doz. . . 10-20
Carrots, per bun. . . 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. a t>- 3 o
Celery, per bundle.. 1 6- z 6
Cucumbers, each .. 04-08
Endive, English, per
dozen . . ..10-..
Garlic, per lb. .. 06- ..
Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04
Horse Radish, bund. 30-40
POTATOS, —Kent Kidneys, £,^ to £i, los. per ton ; do., Regents,
£•>, ics. to ;£4 ici. ; ChampionB, £,% tzs. to jt3 i5*' P«f ton-
s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . . ..10-..
— Cos, per dozen.. 16-..
Mint, green, bunch . . 06-..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. x o- 2 o
Onions, per bunch . . o 6 • ■ . .
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch.. 04-.,
Radishes, per do?, .. i 6- ..
Salsafy, per bundle., o 8- ,,
Seakale. per punnet 26-..
Small saladirg, pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bubhel 36-..
Tomatos, per lb. . . o 6- o g
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegt. Marrows, each 02-04
6o8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 1883.
Plants in Pots. — Aver
s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 12 o--'4 o
Arbor-vitas (golden),
per dozen . . . . 6 0-18 o
— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 6 o-iz o
Bouvardias, doz, ..12 o 18 o
Chrysanth., per doz. 6 0-18 o
Coleus, doz. . . ..20-60
Cyclamen, per dozenia 0-18 o
Dracaena term. do2...3o o 60 o
— viridis, per doz. . 12 0-24 o
Epiphyllum, per doz.18 o 30 o
£rica, various, doz... 9 o 18 o
Euonymus, various,
per dozen .. .. 9 0-18 o
Evergreens, in var,,
per dozen . . . , 6 0-24 o
AGE Wholesale Prices.
s, d. s. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each ,. .,2 0-10 o
Fuchsias, per dozen 40-90
Liliums, various, per
dozen . . . . 12 0-30 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. ..8 o-iz o
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Palms iu variety,
each. . .. .,2 6-2£ o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen . . 40-90
Solanums, per dozen 8 0-15 o
Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Abutilon. 12 bunches 20-40
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 40-60
Azalea, white, 12 spr. 10-20
Bouvardias, per bun. i o- i f
Camellias, per doz. . . 20-50
Carnations, 12 blms. 10-30
— 12 bunches .. 30-60
Chrysanth., 12 blms. 10-40
— 12 bunches .. 4 o- g o
Cornflower, 12 bun.. 16-40
Cyclamen, 12 blooms 03-06
Epiphyllum, 12 blms. 10-16
Eucharis, per doz. , . 40-60
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 40-60
Gladioli, 12 spikes,. 10-30
Heliotropes, 12 sp. . . 06-10
Hyacinths (Roman),
12 sprays . . ..20-30
Lapiageria, white, 12
blooms . . ..30-60
— red, 12 blooms.. 10-30
Lilac, white Fr.,bun. 8 0-10 o
Marguerites, 12 bun. 4
Mignonette, iz bun. 2
Myosoiis, or Forget-
mft-not, p. /2 bun. 2
Narcissus (Paper-
white) .. .. 2
Pansies, 12 bunches o
Pelargoniums, iz spr. 1
— 2onal, 12 sprays o
Primula, double, bun. 1
— single, 12 bun. . . 6
Roses (indoor), doz. 2
— coloured, doz. . . 3
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 6
Tropasolum, 12 bun. i
Tuberoses, per doz.. i
Violets, izbunches.. 1
— French, per bun. i
— Parme, per bun. 4
Wallflower, 12 bun.. 3
White Jasmine, bun. o
d. s. d.
0-60
0-60
0-40
g- I o
0-16
3-06
o- 9 o
o— 6 Q
c- 8 6
0-80
0-20
0-20
0-16
c- I 6
0-30
0-40
6-10
SEEDS.
London : Nov. 7. — The market for farm seeds is
generally firm, with an upward tendency for certain
varieties. More money is again asked for both Con-
tinental and American Clover seed : more liberal offerings
o( English may shortly be expected. Fine samples of
Alsike and white are scarce and dearer. There is but
little business passing in grass seeds. A fair sale is
experienced for the new Kosnigsberg Tares just to hand.
Blue Peas are firm at late rates. Hemp seed is scarce.
No change in Canary. Feeding Linseed is steady.
Jokn Shaw ^ Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane,
London, E.C.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday the improvement noticed
on Friday was supported as regards foreign Wheats.
English Wheat remained at the rates of this day week
for white, but with a slow sale, and red sections were the
turn lower. The flour market was dull, without change
in prices. In English Barley all malting descriptions,
excepting finest, were is. lower. Foreign grinding sorts,
on the contrary, were firm at \s. per quarter advance on
the week. Maize still hardens in value. Flat corn
advanced to 26J. (>d. ex ship, making is. rise for the
week ; round corn was -yl. to Sd. dearer, at 26^. yi. to
27J. 6d. Beans and Peas were not quotably altered.
Oats ruled firm. — On Wednesday the Wheat trade was
firm, the full terms of Monday being upheld generally.
Flour was dull and unaltered. Malting Barley met little
inquiry, and grinding sorts were firm. Beans, Peas, and
Maize were all firm, — Average prices of corn for the
week ending Nov. 3 : — Wheat, 40J, yi. ; Barley,
34J. 7</. ; Oats, igj. 7^. For the corresponding period
last year: — Wheat, 40J. \\d,\ Barley, 34J. ^d.\ Oats,
20J. 2rf.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that sup-
plies were large, and trade very dull. Clover, hay, and
straw were all rather lower. Quotations : — Prime Clover,
looj. to wos. ; inferior, 60s. to 75i^. ; prime second cut,
90J. to 1085. ; best meadow hay, 8cw. to 88j. ; inferior,
40J. to 65^. ; and straw, 30J. to 395. per load. — On
Thursday there was a large supply. The trade was dull,
and prices were unaltered —Cumberland Market quota-
tions : — Superior meadow hay, 80J. to goJ. ; inferior, 6qs^
to 72J. ; superior Clover, loar. to 114^. ; inferior, 70J.
to 86j, ; and straw, 351. to 40J. per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that fair supplies were on offer, but trade quiet. Mag-
num Bonums, Boj-. to looj. ; Regents, 8oi. to looi. ;
Champions, 6oj. to 8oj. ; Roses, 6ar. to 70J. per ton. — ■
The imports into London last week consisted of 9B84
bags from Hamburgh, 33 Harlingen, 5194 Stettin, 32
Rotterdam, 500 cases Bordeaux, 130 tons Roscoff, 8
sacks and 400 bags from Bremen.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — East Wylam, 17.J. ; Walls End — Hetton,
igj. ; Hetton Lyons, 17^. ; Lambton, i8j. 6rf. ; Wear,
17J. ; Tees, igj.
Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at loij to ioi| for delivery, and ioi| to loi^ for the
account. Tuesday's figures were loij to ioi| for
delivery, and loi^ to ioi§ for the account. Wednes-
day's final quotations were loif to \o\\ for delivery, and
loi-j^a to ioi| for the account. Consols finished off on
Thursday with an improvement of \ for delivery and \ for
the account.
SILVER ME0AI-IS51. BROUZE MEDAL-Ifl9I.
To His
Royal
Highness
the Prince
of
Wales.
For Btautlful Flowers and Fmlts
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHTTBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Absolutely Pure. Free from any
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '" Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the eud. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold lIic fulluwing ;- From Mr. Charlei Pfnnv
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bylbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants. &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Bordering to Flower Beds. Combines warmth
and cleanliness with, valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows :— Sacks.
\5. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 135. ; 15 sacks, i8j, ; 20 sacks, 23^. ;
30 sacks, 30J. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £z.
Limited quantities of SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, zs. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (m rotation). We also find U
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, cUXm, BOUND & CO.,
Fibre Works. West Ferry Road, Millwall, London, E.
To the Seed and Florist Trade.
CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO.
(LIMITED),
Horticultural Sundries Merchants,
and Manufacturers of all kinds of
INSECTICIDES and MANURES, GRASS and DRIED
FLOWER BOUQUETS, WREATHS and CROSSES.
in every Material and Pattern.
IMPORTERS OF
DRIED FLOWERS and GRASSES, VIRGIN CORK,
RAFFIA MATS, &o.
Every Horticultural Requisite required for a shop kept in
stock- Show Rooms now complete with every novelty for autumn
use, and special attention given to any visiting customers.
CATALOGUES Free to the Trade cit afflication.
18, Flnsbury Street, London. E.C.
To the Seed and Nursery Trade.
ROLL TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH,
CORD, of reliable quality ; extremely moderate prices.
Terms on application.
RICHARDSON AND CO., Tobacco Works, Leitb.
ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparatioDsintendedto supersede it. In Boxes, \s.,->,s.^%L\os.td.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, td.
and ij. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited), London.
ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.C
RUSSIA
M ATS.
25.000 Common DUNNAGE MATS, at ios. per loo.
ARCHANGEL, TAGANROG, and PETERSBURG MATS,
as per CATALOGUE just issued.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E.
RUSSIAN MATS.
T BLACKBURN and SONS
O • are offering ARCHANGEL MATS at a lower rate
than for the last ten years for present orders. PETERSBURG
MATS and MAT BAGS. Having bought nearly the whole
nock from Cronstadt, are prepared to sell at low rates. Prices
and samples on application at
4 and 5. Wormwood Street, London. E.C.
Russia Mat Mercbants.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9, James
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, can offer a very fine parcel
of new ARCHANGEL MATS at a very low price. Immenss
p,tock of PETERSBURG MATS and RAFFIA FipRE.
PROTECT YOUR PLANTS
?e
RIDIDOMO
REGISTERED
TRAD E~M ARK
From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds.
A perfect Non-conductor of Heat, keeping
Wherever it is applied an even Temperature.
To he kad of all Nurserymen and Ftorist-i,
TbR PRICE LIST JL PARTICULARS ADDRESS*
3 Poke ST »^ London Bjj/oge
ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—
The Warmest Coveiings for Pits and Frames.
Sizes — 6 ft. 6 in. X 3 ft. 9 in. , si'. ; 6 ft. 6 in. X 4 ft. 6 in , 31. 2d. \
6 ft. 6 in. X 7fr., 3.?. -zd. Apply to
Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Trinff. Bucks.
UNDSB SPECIAL BOYAIi PATKONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sheep and Letmbs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
j^2 i6j. 6(/., sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of Imitations, and see that the
name, DAY. SON & HEWITT, Is on aU Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
Oil Paint No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark)
'■^'^^Ufmii^
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwilhstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at \s. 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" P/ercejSeld Park. June-zx, 1876. — Sirs.— I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully, Wm. Cox."
CA l/T/ON.—HiLi. & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in It, and the numerous
Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genume.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates. &c., sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street, Glaseoi.v^^
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
T SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
O • STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Mazasine says : — " We must g^ve these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
100 yards for loj., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 >ards
for loj., delivered free per Parcels Post. Very useful pure Cotton
(or Curtains, Blinds, Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern,
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley.
November lo, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
609
THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.
Price, as engraving, with boiler, open feed syphon, 12 feet of
4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints complete, £,^ 4s.
Delivered free to any station. Discount for cash.
Cost of apparatus for houses of any size on applicitlon.
This is the simp'est, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus
made. It requires no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
water fitter for fixing, The boilet stands in the greenhouse, the
front only being outside and flush with the outer wall, so that
the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised. It burns
over twelve hours without attention, at a nominal cost.
Illustrated LIST with full particulars post-tree.
DEANE &
(t^'Is^.), LONDON
CO.,
BRIDGE.
STOVES.
Terra-Cotia .' Portable! For Coal.'
BOBERTS'S PATENT.
Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for
about id.., without attention. For Greenhouses,
Bedrooms, or almost any purpose. Pamphlet
and authenticated Testimonials sent. In use
daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
The Beat
and Quickest
Hade.
4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4^. ^d. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. (td. each.
Price List on application.
IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,
Iron and Wire Espalier, &c., &c.
Illustrated CATALOGUE Free en amplication.
BAYLISS. JONES & BAYLISS,
VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London. E.G.
PRUNING MADE
SAFE and EASY.
This implement is unrivalled
for Pruning. Trimminp, and
Thinning-out Trees of all kinds,
Shrubs, Fruit Bushes, Vines, &c.
Is used in the Parks and Gardens
cf the Queen, H.R.H. the Prince
of Wales, the principal Nobility,
and is also ordered by Her Ma-
jesty's Commissioners of Works
and the Metropolitan Board of
Work?, to be generally adopted
in the Parks and Gardens under
their control. The leading Horti-
cultural Authorities join in the
universal opinion as to its being
the best tool for the purpose ever
invented. Its length varies from
2 to 20 feet, and its price from
4J. 61^. each. It is Sold by the prin-
cipal Ironmongers and Seedsmen, from whom Illustrated Price
Lists can be obiained, or of the Sole Prnprietnrs and Makers,
THE STANDARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
Patentees and General Machinists, btrand Arcade. Derby.
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine, on rail at -js. td, per ton — not less than 4-ton trucks
Terms cash.— Apply lo H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
as do " grown '
Bhut)arb and Seakale Forcing.
STRONG WELL-MADE POTS
for the above.
GARDEN POTS. ORCHID POTS, ALPINE POTS,
FERN PANS, SEED PANS,
and all kinds of GARDEN POTTERY of the best quality.
Price List Free.
J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Bosher's Gatrdeu Edging Tiles.
11 '^^^, '^,
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
T-T-(nr-r". .-, pblncr sorts are specially
v'iVi£G>Jli^ suited for KITCHEN
- ^'■■-"'-■'^ GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
fiirihct l.ibuui ui expense, '•'
Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F, ROSHER AND CO.. Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E,
AKenls for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also
for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL ^PXVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c ,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walts of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Pavmg of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates. Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO.. Btick and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L V E R S AND,
fine or coarse gram as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS fur Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade,
SPECIALLY CHEAP GLASS.
Packing Cases free and not returnable,
100 Squares, good Glass, at the foUowinR prices, in Leeds : —
15 oz. a I oz.
13K by 8 for 9r. iid.
12 by 9 for QS td.
14 by 10 for i3f. 6<a?.
15 by 9 for I \s. td.
13M by 8 for I2J. td.
12 by Q for I2J. td,
14 by 10 for \%s. od.
15 by 9 for i8f. od.
HENRY WAINWRIGHT, Glass and Lead Merchant,
8 and 10, Alfred Street, Boar Lane, Leeds.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHABd: & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in , 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in , in i6-oz.
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 2oo-ft. and 300- ft. cases.
14x12
20X12
20x14
20x16
:6xi2
16x14
20x15
22x16
18x12
18x14
18x16
24x16
VJ^ 21 OX Foreign, of the foUowlng OJ
^^ sizes. In boxes of 100 and 200 feet, '
3ds and 4tlis qaalltles always kept In stock:—
20Xl8
22x18
24X18
Stock Lists and Prices on application.
All descriptions of British and Foreien Glass can be obtainad
from
GEORGE FAKMILOE & SONS,
GLASS. LEAD. OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS,
S^ It John'i street. West Bmltblleld. ZfOndon, £.a
JOHNSON BROTHERS & CO.
{LIMITED),
6, WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL, S.W.
Builders of Conser-
vatories and all descrip-
tions of Hothouses and
Roofs, in Iron and
Wood, nr a combina-
tion of both, on their
Patent System, with-
out Putty, or, with
Putty, in the ordinary
waVi if preferred.
CORRUGATED IRON STRUCTURES /or all purpous-
Plans and Estimates submitted free of cost.
HEATING by HOT WAT E R, on the best Principles.
XL^SSHOUSES&WEAT-mG
sHIGHCATE ROAD , LONDON. N.W.^
RICHARDSON'S
IMPROVED GARDEN FRAMES,
WITH ADJUSTABLE RIDGE VENTILATION.
Lifthts can be instantly removed or fixed open at any angle
without inleiferinj; with the plants.
Carriage paid to any station.
W. RICHARDSON & CO.,
Horticultural Builders & Hot-Water Engineers,
DARLINGTON.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
lai, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G.
W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of char£c,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on appUcattoo.
Cucumber Frames.
K HALL I DAY and CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England : — £, s. d.
2-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) p^jr-Wintr ( 3 10 o
3-l«htframe.,.fcetby6fct ^ Cases 'fr- ] 5 5 o
0-light frame, 24 feet by 6 feet ) ^ 10 o o
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.
R. HALLIDAY and CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester.
Illustrated Catalogues of Art Conservatories, Growing Houses,
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, Lights, Summer-houses,
Wall-Tree Covers, &c.. Post-free.
T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., Chelmsford, Essex.
London Office : Mansion House Buildings, E.C.
6io
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November lo, 1883.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Line charged as two.
4 Lines
/;o
3
0
15 Lines
£0 8
6
6 „
0
^
6
16 »
0 9
0
6 „
0
4
0
17 »
0 9
6
1 „
0
4
6
18 „
0 10
0
's ;
0
*;
0
19 .,
0 10
6
9 ..
0
=;
6
20 „
0 II
0
10 ,.
0
6
0
21 „
0 II
6
11 „
0
6
6
22 „
0 12
0
12 „
0
7
0
23 „
0 13
6
13 „
0
7
6
24 ..
0 13
0
14 „
0
8
0
25 ..
0 13
6
AND SIXPENCE FOR
EVERY ADDITIONAL LINH
Use
across col
Limns,
he lowest charge
will be
30^.
Page
Iq
0
0
Half Page
5
0
0
Column
3
S
0
GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words is. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line
(about 9 words) or part of a line.
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers a-re ca7tHoncd
asainst having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the autlwrities attd
returned to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5^. each insertion.
Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.
All Subscriptions payable in advance.
The United Kingdom : la Months, £t 3J, lo^f. ; 6 Months,
iij. lid. ; 3 Months, 6j.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,
£i 6s. tor 12 Months ; India and China, £i 8j. 2d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
"W.C, to W. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
LABELS.
WATEBPKOOF KOSE TREE
and all Icinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
CO.,
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Str«e^ Covent Garden, London.
Capital, ;^ 200, 000.— Reserve Fund, ;£7S,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from £,to to
;£5ooo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds at £s per cent, from one
month to 15 years. No suieties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice, — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
?ersons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused,
'ersonal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ^^250,000 per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
(Established 1867.)
SUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.C. ; Charing Cross, S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE.— Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at
moderate rates.
LIFE.— Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large Bonuses. Immediate settlement of claims.
Accidents 1-6^ Comlilll.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured agamst by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital. ;^ 1.000,000.
Paid-up Capita! and Reserve, ;C25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;£ 1,840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Cleiks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head OfTice, 64. Comhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
Lithographic Coloured Plates of Vegetables, Fruits,
FLOWERS. &c, or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
CATALOGUES.
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, Lithographer
to the Royal Academy, 15, Rue du Boulevard, Brussels.
Established 1829. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Natural History. Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that maybe required, and Estimates will
be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER, 149, KingsUnd Road, LondoD, E.
POSTAL ORDERS.
TO ADVERTISERS, SUBSCRIBERS, AND OTHERS.
// is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it should Be filled in payable at
DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS,
as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a
particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose
hatids it tnay fall from negotiating it.
NB.—The best and safest means of remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER.
The Sydney Mail
and
NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.
.- " CONTENTS:—
INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn aid engraved
especially for this Journal.)
NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generaUy.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.
THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
COMMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.
Subscription in Advance, £1 6s. per Annum.
Single Copies, dd. ; Stamped, ?</.
Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.
ENGLAND.
The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—
London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Comhill, E.C.
Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard
Street. E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,
Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H, Smith & Son, i86. Strand.
Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance
Buildings.
Manchester. . James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh Robeitson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.
Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange
Place.
1^" Copies of each Jotimal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers.
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELEGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFQLLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OF AMERICA.
EDITED BY DR. F. M. HEXAMER.
To any one who owns a Flower- Pot, a Garuen, or a Farm,
It is Indispensable,
because it gives all the latest and best information about every-
thing pertaining to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Improvements, and all kindred subjects.
It Is Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors are all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.
It Is always Seasonable,
b;cause it forestalls its readers' wants by giving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.
It is Clean and Pure,
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything that could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums.
In addition to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles ofl^ered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.
Subscription Price, $3. per year, including foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
on NeW' York or London.
B. K. BLISS & SONS, Publishers,
34, BARCLAY STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A.
Belgian.
BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-
NiCH, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hullk,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentafGhent Post-paid, lof. per aimum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanica Gardens, Ghent, Belgium.
ROBINSON'S COUNTRY SERIES.
In Fcap. 8vo, cloth, price is. each, by post is. zd.
THE GRAPE VINE, its Propagation and Culture. By John
Simpson.
THE APPLE, m Orchard and Garden. ^By James Groom.
THE LONDON MARKET GARDEN, or Flowers, Fruits,
arid Vegetables, as grown for Market. By C. W. Shaw.
ASPARAGUS CULTURE, the bsst methods employed in
England and France. By James Barnes .and W.
Robinson. F.L.S.
FRUIT CULTURE for PROFIT. By C. Hobday.
THE POTATO in Farm and Garden. By R. Fremlin.
TOWN GARDENING, a Handbook for Amateurs. By
R. C. Ravenscroft.
In crown Svo. cloth, price zs. dd., by post is. 8^d.
MUSHROOM CULTURE, its Extension and Improvement.
By W. Robinson, F.L.S.
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE and SONS, Broadway, Ludgate
Hill, E.C.
Price 2d., by Post 2%d.
GREENHOUSE HEATING. -A series of Illustrated Articles
descriptive of the various methods of Heating Greenhouses
and Conservatories by means of Hot Water, Steam, Flues, Gas
and Mineral Oils, is now appearing in the Friday issue of
THE BAZAAR.
May be had of all Newsagents. London Office, 170,
Strand, W C. ; Birmingham Office, 29, Broad Street.
KEVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard,
E. Andre, C. Baltet, T. Buchelet, F. Burvenich, F. Ct^pin,
Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis. J. Glllon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, B. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, A. Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.
This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, Svo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings,
Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom ; — One year,
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Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PVNAERT,
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Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or
Purchabing an Estate, can have copies of the
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supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for
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always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to
Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let.
WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY.
SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL
DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and
Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full
Explanation of Technical Terms. An entirely New Edition,
enlarged in size and type. Medium Svo, cloth. Price 25.^.
BOTANY for BEGINNERS.
An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T.
Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Examiner in Botany, University
of London. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3^. dd.
LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY.
A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students,
&c. With 400 Illustrations. Svo, cloth. Price 5s. td,
LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS of BOTANY.
with Illustrations. Svo, cloth. Price qs.
LINDLEY'S MEDICAL and CECONOMI-
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cloth. Price 5J.
LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.
For Self- Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price
\s. sewed.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouverie
Street. E.C.
Hemmed for Use.
OAhJIDDIO *^^^^'^'^*="'^ iJ. loj^rf. per dozen.
U H III D 11 1 U GenUemeii's' ' .' ." .* '. 3^ ^r^d
Hemstitched. — Ladies' 55. \\d.. Gentlemen's 75. 9^/. per dozen.
Direct from Ort^l/r'T "The Irish Cambrics of
the Manu- K|ll|lvr I Messrs. Robinson & Cleaver,
facturers. ■ wWlxL* I Belfast, have a world-wide
SamplesandPriceListspost-free. fame " — The Queen.
By appointments to
the Queen and Crown
Princess of Germany.
ROBINSON & CLEAVER,
HANDKERCHIEFS.
BELFAST.
EDITOR WANTED, for a Small Gardening
Paper ; alsoPRACTICAL GARDENER, who could Con-
tribute Articles to such Publication. — B. L., 71, Victoria Road,
Stroud Green, London, N. Communications treated confidentiallj
November io, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
611
WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a HEAD
WORKING GARDKNER, where three and a boy
in all are kept. A steady, energetic, and trustworthy married
man, who thoroughly understands Flowers, Plants, and the
Forcing of all kinds of Fruit. Preference given to one who has
hitherto been Foreman. — Apply, staling experience, age,
number in family, and wages required, to WALTON and
LEE, 20, Mount Street. London, W.
ANTED, a good practical GARDENER,
Undeniable relercnces required. Good wages, — Mr.
{AS. BROMWICH, 25, Buckingham Palace Road, Pimlico,
lOndon, S.W.
WANTED, an industrious GARDENER,
possessing experience in the Culture of Fruit, P'orcing,
&c., for Market, and one who could take entire Management ot
a Gentleman's Garden and GrnunHs. — Address, stating wages
required and qualifications, to SUFFOLK, Gardeners' Chronicle
Oftice, 41, Wcllineton Street, Strand, W.U.
ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER,
competent to Grow well a Small Collection of Stove
and Greenhouse Plants and Orchids ; there is also a Vinery.
The assistance of a boy is given. No house or perquisites.
Wages 30J. a-week.— Apply to Mr. JAMES BROCKHANK,
Solicitor, Whitehaven, Cumberland, stating age, experience,
and particulars of present employment, and giving references.
WANTED, a young MAN, well up in
Propagating Roses In and Outdoor, and Haid-wood,
Clematis, Rhododendrons, and Fruit Trees, Laying-out, &c.^
Stanhope Nursery, Westerham Hill, Kent.
W' ANTED, a ROSE GROWER; must have
a good knowledge of Roses, and be thoroughly expe-
rienced in the Cultivation of Plants for Sale. Apply, stating
age. where last and previously employed, and wages required,
to JAMES DICKSON and SONS, "Newton" Nurseries,
Chester.
WANTED, a steady active young MAN
where Grapes and Ferns are largely grown for market.
—J. JIOCHFORD, Page Green Nursery, Toitenham. N.
WANTED a smart, intelligent young MAN,
thoroughly experienced in Testing Growth and
Cleaning all kinds of Agricultural Seeds, Preparing Permanent
Pasture and Clover Mixtures, Keeping Stock Books, &c. None
need apply but those who have had experience in First-class
Houses and can furnish highest testimonials from past and
present employers. Abstainer preferred. Commencing salary,
;£7o.— G. M., 13, Great Western Docks. Plymouth.
ANTED, an experienced NURSERY
CLERK for a large establishment doing an extensive
business in all departments. Must be able to conduct Corre-
spondence—Apply by letter, giving references, and enclosing
copies of testimonials addressed to Messrs. NUTTING and
SON, 60, Barbican, London, E.C.
WholeBale Seed Trade.
WANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN.
Must be quick at Parcelling and thoroughly steady.
State age, amount of experience, where obtained, and wages
required. — S. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C.
W' ANTED, a respectable YOUTH, to look
after a Horse and ^an. Must be an early riser and
a careful driver.— WILLIAM HOOPER, 186, Oxford Street,
London, W.
WANT PLACES.
*^(.* Gardeners and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONE Y to any Agent zinless they have good
reason io know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
appHcations from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen recLUlxlng Land Agents,
STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.
JAMES CARTER AND CO. have at all
times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holbom, W.C.
ARDENER (Head). — Age 31, married,
two children ; sixteen years' practical experience ; eight
years in present situation. — A. HUTTY, Chirk Castle Gardens,
Llangollen Road, Ruabon.
ARDENER (HEAD), to take charge of a
large establishment.— Age 40 ; ten > ears in last situation.
Can be highly recommended for the last seventeen years. —
JOHN CLEWS, Yeddow Grange, Lewisham Park, Kent.
GARDENER (Head), where two or more
are kept, — Several years* practical experience in all
branches of the profession ; good character from present and
previous situations.— GEORGE PARR, The Gardens, Sun-
dorna Castle. Shrewsbury.
ARDENER (Head) ; age 39.— Joseph
Brittain will be pleased to treat with any Lady or
Gentleman requiring a practical Gardener, having lived at three
of the largest establishments in England ; twenty-five years'
experience. Can be well recommended by present employer. —
Beardwood Cliff, Blackburn.
GARDENER (Head).— Owing to a variety
of circumstances His Grace the Duke of Devonshire does
not consider it requisite to retam the services of a Head Gar-
dener at Lismore Castle, Ireland. G, S. MuLLis, Head Gar-
dener, is at liberty to engage with a Lady, Nobleman, or Gen-
tleman, requiring the services of a thoroughly experienced man.
Address as above.
GARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— J. Sherwin,
Gardener, Picton Castle, Pembrokeshire, would be pleased
to recommend his son to any Lady or Gentleman requirmg a
good practical Gardener. Three and a haU years in present
situation as Foreman. — Address as above.
GARDENER (Head).— To any Lady or
Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough praclical,
trustworthy man the Advertiser might be relied on. having for
twenty-two years most satisfacturily to his employer (now
deceased) conducted the Gardens, together with other things
entrusted to his care.— A. B. DEVON, Gardentrs' Chronicle
Office, 4r, Wellington Street, W.C.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31,
married ; experienced both in Houses and Gardens, also
Management of Stock,— C. S., Oakfield Lodge, Sevenoaks.
GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 29.—
E. Clarkb, Gardener, Cannon Hall, Barnsley, can con-
fidently recommend his Foreman, John Street, to any one
requiring the services of a man well up in Fruit and Plant
Growing. Two years in present situation.— Apply as above.
GARDENER (Head Working).— G.
Nicholson, Esq., can highly recommend to any Noble-
man or (leiillemAn a Gardener who thoroughly understands
Early and Late Forcing of Fruit and Cut Flowers, Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Industri-
ous and trustworthy. — B., 120, Westgate, Wakefield.
GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed),—
Age 26, married, one child : eleven years' experience in
all branches of the profession. Good knowledge of Orchids,
—GARDENER, 25, Loveridge Road, Kilburn, N.
GARDENER.— Practical in all branches.
No objtfciion to Manage Land and Stock.— J. H., Mr.
Brown, St. Mary's Grove Nuiseries, Richmond, Surrey.
GARDENER, where one or more are kept.
— Age 39, married, no family. Thoroughly experienced
in all branches. Good personal character. — G. L., 16, Harvard
Road, Lewisham, S. E.
/:i ARDENER. — Age 28, married when
V-^ suited ; twelve years' experience in all branches. Good
character from present situation. — A. W., Miss Allen, Book-
seller, Edgware, Middlesex.
ARDENER.— Age 25 ; eight years' Gar-
dener to the late Mr, J. R. Scott, of Walthamstow.
Understands Orchids. Good references. — B. SHIP, Mrs.
Scott, The Drive, Walthamstow.
ARDENER (Under). — Young ; under-
Stands Kitchen Garden, Houses, and Pleasure Grounds,
— H. CANNING. Bellmount, Speen, Newbury, Berks.
GARDENER (Under), where three or more
are kept; age 18.— A. HORSELL, Gardener to Lord
Grantley, Wonersh Park, Guildford, can reconunend a young
man as above,
FOREMAN, or under a good Foreman, in a
Gentleman's Garden. -Age 20, single; total abstainer.
Leaving through place being sold. — J. LIDDIARD. Wethers-
field, near Bramtree, Essex.
FOREMAN, in a first-class establishment. —
Age 25 ; five years in Keele Hall Gardens, one and a half
in present situation.— GEORGE GREEN, The Gardens,
Trentham Hall, Stoke-on-Trent.
FOREMAN. — Age 23 ; ten years' practical
experience in first-class establishments ; in the last as
Foreman. Very highly recommended. Strictly steady, perse-
vering and trustworthy. — Mr. GOLDSMITH, Polesden,
Dorking. Surrey.
FOREMAN.— H. Hughes, Gardener to T.
Pins, Esq., Dashwood. Giavesend, would be glad to
recommend his Foreman, H. Davis, to any Gardener where he
will be able to gain a thorough knowledge of the profession.
Orchids included. Two and a half years' excellent character.
— Address as above.
OREMAN PROPAGATOR and PLANT
GROWER.— Well up in Floral Decorations and getting
up Stock for Market. Thoroughly experienced. First-class
references, — A, S. B-, Fenay Bridge, Huddersfield.
OREMAN and PROPAGATOR (Hard-
wooded), where Roses, Rhododendrons, Clematis, Ivies,
Conifers, and all Hardy Plants are required in quantity,—
Eleven years' experience. Character and ability will bear strict
investigation. — H. ABEAR, Messrs. Lee's Nurseries, Wood
Lane, Isleworth.
OREMAN, or S E C O N D.— Age 25 ;
ten years' experience : two years in present place. Highly
recommended. Suburbs preferred. No objection to bothy. —
A. Z., 9, Tatterdown Place. Muswell Hill, N.
GROWER. — Peach, Grape, Cucumber,
Melons, and Cut Flowers. Six years' experience. Six
years' undeniable character. Please state terms.— Z. Z , New
Cottage, Ascot, Berks.
To Nurserymen.
FRUIT and FRUIT TREE GROWER.
— Well up in Apples. The Advertiser has a good general
knowledge of all Nursery Work connected with the above, as
well as other Nursery Stock. Good references. — T. S., R.
Edmaston, 6, Huntley Sireet, Edinburgh.
To Nurserymen.
PROPAGATOR and GROWER.—Age 24 ;
ten years' experience in Propagating and Growing Soft-
wooded Plants, Well recommended. — H. EDEN, iz, York
Street, Butts, Coventry.
TO GENTLEMEN and FRUIT
GROWERS.— A Gentleman intending to commence an
extensive Business to Grow Grapes, Peaches, Tomatos,
Gardenias, Orchids, &c. Advertiser would take sole manage-
ment ; age 38. — BETA, 10, Stockwell Park Road.CIapham.S.W.
JOURNEYMAN (First), or Charge of a
t^ Department, — Age 23; ten years' experience in large
gardens, three years in present situation. — A. W., The
Gardens, Cherkley Court, Leatherhead.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses of a large
establishment, where he could Improve himself ; age ao —
Mr. Silver. Gardener to Lord Trevor, will be glad to recom-
mend a thoroughly useful, intelligent, industrious young man,
who has been wuh him several years, under Glass. — Brynkinalt
Gardens, Chirk. Denbighshire.
TOURNEYMAN (INDOORS or Out), in a
" good establishment. — Age 19 ; hvc years' good reference
from present employer,— W. HUGHES, The Gardens, Winlet
Hall, Bewdley. Salop.
JOURNEYMAN (Inside and Out, or. in
the Houses) — Age 22 ; seven years' experience. Has
good reasons for leaving. Bothy preferred. — State particulars
to J, BOON, The Manor Lodge, Little Missendon, Bucks.
TMPROVER, in the Garden, under a Head
JL Gardener, or FOREMAN. — Age ig ; no objection to
bjihy.— H. A. EVANS. Oakfield House, 9, Edgbaston Road,
Balsall Heath. Birmingham.
rpo GARDENERS.— A Lady wishes to find
-L a situation for her Gardener's son (age 14). The lad has
been employed by a Gardener as " half-timer " for three years.
He is strongly recommended. — A, W, , Mrs. Wallis, Montagu
Street, Kciiciiiig.
To the Wholesale Seed Trade.
OFFICE MANAGER, CORRESPOND-
ENT, &c. — Long experience, and capable of under-
taking any position. Thoroughly acquainted with Clovers and
Grasses, also Market Gardeners' Trade. Moderate salary,
permanent situation being desirable. — SEEDSMAN, 74,
Alexander Road, Holloway, N.
TRAVELLER, or NURSERY FOREMAN.
— Had twenty-five years experience in largest Provincial,
Scotch and English Nurseries. Accustomed to travel, and with
first-rate connection. — R. H., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152,
Houndsdttch, E.
Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN. — Age 25 ; eight years' experi-
ence both in Wholesale and Retail Houses. — H. "S., q8,
Harrison Street, Gray's Inn Road, London, W.C.
To the Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN (Second).— Over seven years'
experience ; first-class references. — M. R., 26, Red Lion
Street, Holborn, W.C.
SHOPMAN (Second), or to Manage Small
Business. — Six years' experience; knowledt^e of Nursery
Department. Good references. — C. DUNN, Southgate
Chichester.
SHOPMAN or ASSISTANT, in a good
House. — Age 23 : ten years' experience. Highly recom-
mended.— T. H., W. Troughton, Seedsman, Preston.
•1^0 SEEDSMEN.— A young man (age 20)
-L desires a situation in the Seed Business. Good know-
ledge of Vegetable, Flower, and Farm Seeds, Horticultural
Sundries, Book-keeping, &c. Could Manage a Branch. —
W. X., E. Bates, Station Road, Red Hill, Surrey.
O NURSERYMEN, i&c— Situation wanted
in Nursery or Greenhouses by a young man ; over three
years' experience. Good references. — H. G , Field View,
Wollaston, Stourbridge.
O THE SEED TRADE.— Wanted, by a
youth (age 17). a situation. Three years' experience in a
provincial town ; good character.— C. H. THOMAS, 30, Hud-
son Road, Southsea.
To the Seed Trade.
ASSISTANT, in Shop or Warehouse.— Age
20 : two years* experience. Good character and refer-
ences.— OMEGA, 7, Charles Sireet, Northampton.
GRATEFUL— COMFORTING.
EPPS'S COCOA.
BREAKFAST.
" By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern
the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli-
cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps
has provided our breakfast-tables with a deliciiely flavoured
beverage which may save us many heavy doctors's bills. It is
by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution
may be gradually built up until strong en:)UEh to resist every
tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating
around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We
may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified
with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Service
Gazette.
Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in
Packets, labelled thus : —
JAMES EPPS & CO., Homoeopathic Chemists,
London, England.
Belief of Cough and Asthma in Ten Minutes hy
DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS.—
From Mr. Fox. Omnilms Office. WhiCefield Road,
Liverpool: — "After years of severe suffering, and fearing many
and many a night I should have died from suffocation, &c , I
was induced to try Dr. Locock's Wafers. Ten minutes after I
had taken two Wafers I felt relief " In Asthma, Consumption,
Bronchitis. Coughs, Colds, Rheumatism, and all Hysterical and
Nervous Complaints, they give instant relief, a rapid cure, and
taste pleasantly.
Sold by all Druggists at «. lYzd. ana ^s. gd. per Box.
OLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.
— Diseases of Advanced Years. — The grand climac-
teric being passed mankind pass to old age. Then the digestion
becomes impaired, the nervous system grows feeble, and the
physical powers become enervated. Now arises Congestion of
the Liver, Lungs, or Head, followed by Asthma, Dropsy, or
Apoplexy, which frequently afllict and often destroy the aged.
As the Liver usually becomes torpid its activity may be speedily
revived by rubbing Holloway's Ointment thoroughly over the
pit of the stomach and the right side, at least twice a day, and
taking the Pills at the same time. This treatment also disperses
Sill other Congestions by varying the parts rubbed according to
the situations of the mischief.
6l2
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November io, 1883.
HOT-WATER
SEASON
18 8 3
STEVEN BROS. & CO.
Have the largest and best slock of Hot-Water Appliances in London.
No. 43.— Dome-Top Boiler.
Greenhouse Gearing, and all requisites for the Heating of Conservatories and Hothouses.
Boilers of every description, Pipes, Connections, Furnace Fittings,
No. 52.— Siar Boiler.
Coil Cases. :--^.''';3
No. 28.-Terminal End
Boiler.
No. 18.-Gold Medal
Boiler.
A very economical boiler.
Illustrated PRICE LIST {2oih Edilioii) Free on application.
Steven Bros. & Co. r'°^^S^I%35¥3Mpper Thames Street, E.G.
With Extended Feeder.
ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS.
By Rev. O. FISHER. Fourth Edition. Price \s.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, ffnM K
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes. Sjm__:?%e=^> t.^ -~3?
Illustrated CATALOGUE, \\th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Gold and Silver Medals, also Hot-watep apcl Hot-aJr Aoparatus erected Complete, or the
Special Certificate, .."".. ... ~ '
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Materials supplied.
Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.
Price 3d., Post Free Sid.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
ONL Y TWO MINUTES FROM COVEN T GARDEN MA RKE T
ARTHUR HILL & CO.,
HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, &c.,
ST. MAETIN'S LANE, LONDON, W.C.
i^° VERY SPECIAL NOTE. =^
Our Establishment is open at 6 o'Clock every
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday Morning, for
the Special Convenience of Nurserymen and others
who come to Covent Garden. Customers are thus
enabled to take back in their empty vans anygoods
they may require, and save cost of extra cartage
fiom the City, or Rail Carriage and Breakage.
By this means we are able to sell at more favour-
able prices than any House in the Trade.
Ilhisirated Catalogues on applicaiio7i and Special Quotations on
receipt of Paftzczilars.
85, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, W.C.
THE COVENT GARDEN BOILER.
This new Amateurs" Boiler is intended for
fixing flush in the wall of the greenhouse, the
feeding door and flue pipe being left on the out-
side. A considerable amount of heat which is
lost with other Boilers is thus given off into the
house — a great advantage ; and the necessity
of a stoking-hole is thus dispensed with. The
Boiler is strong, durable, and cheap, and we can
thoroughly recommend it.
Large and Small Hot-water Apparatus erected complete in Town
or Country i or Materials only supplied.
ARTHUR HILL &
CO.,
t (jarJen B.nltr.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ERECTED and HEATED.
MESSENGER & CO.'S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, with tlie least obstruction to light and sun, the greatest Strength and Rigidity.
The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.
Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.
Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,
Forcing Houses, &=c., recently erected by M. &-• Co., for 24 stamps.
MESSENG-BB & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. November 10, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
CstaljUsijeti I84i.
No. 516.— Vol. XX.
( New 1
( Series. )
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1883.
! Registered nt the General
Post-office as a Newspaper.
■}.
Price 5d.
POST-I'KEE, Sjl/.
CONTENTS.
Amarylli', seedling .. 632
Autumn flowers .. .. 631
Apple bits ,, 6i2
Apple, Liv«'s Imperial .. 6^4
Bamboos; .. .. .. 6t8
Boltonia 63')
Books, notices of .. 626
Calcutta Boranic Garden 626
Carnations, winter f1 jwer-
ing . . . . 630
Chrysanthemum nolei .. 633
Chrysanthemtim shows , . 635
Clover, red, (eitilisaiion of 623
Colonial notes .. .. 626
Cottages, labourers* . . 632
Covent Garden lifeboat. . 630
Crinum zeylanicum var.
reductum .. .. 618
Cupressus macrocarpa . . 633
Cyclamens, a feast of . . 631
Dendrobiumlinearifolium 618
Dimorphanthus mand^hii-
ricus .. .. .. 630
Eucharis amazonica .. 632
Euphorbia canariense . . 628
Florists' flowers . . . . 636
Flower garden, the .. (27
French horticullure .. 623
Fruit notes .. 624
Fuchsia exoniensis and
corallina .. .. 632
Fungi on foreign Grape
Vines in America .. 630
Gardeners' societies .. 629
Gardenias .. .. ,. 623
GlasnevinBotanicGarden 619
Grain pits . . . . .. 63 j
627
632
632
621
631
6<8
Grapes and vineries
Hr»rdy liuU girden
Lilacs for forcing . .
Malv.i moschata atba
Medinilla Curtisii
Narcissus viridiflorus
Nursery stock sales
Orchids at Burford Lodge 621
,, list of garden .. 634
Orchid notes and glean-
ings
Peas, late
Plant label, a new
,, portraits
Plants, diseases and in-
juries of
Plants, hardy, in high
latitudes
Plants, new garden
Peronospora parasitica
626
632
632
624
628
625
618
- . 62s
Raasay . . .. .. 69
Refugium Botanicum .. 628
Saccolabium Witteanum 618
Silenes, the . . . . 622
Societies : —
Royal Horticultural . . 634
Strawberries in Novem-
ber . . . . . . 633
Sweet Scabious . . . . 634
Tigridias .. .. .. 634
Tree planting . . . . 617
Weather, the .. . . 637
Week, the ,. ..630
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Euphorbia canariense, at Cipe Town.. .. . . '. . f29
Medinilla Curtisii .. .. .. 621
Peronospora parasitica .. ., .. 625
Plant label, a new ., .. .. ,. 631
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
I IN AMERICA.
The Subscription to America, including Postaf^e, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.
Agent for America :— C. H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.
WICKENHAM HORTICULTURAL
and COTTAGE GARDEN SOCIETY
AUTUMN SHOW at the Town Hall, NOVEMBER jo
and 2[. Admission, 20th. 2 to 7 p.m., ij. ; 8 P.M., Promenade
Concert, ts. 6d.; 21st, 10 A.M. to 5 p M., 6J. ; 5P M. to 6.30P M ,
3d. 7.30, Concert, is.
ALEXR. ALLFREY, Hon. Sec.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
HORTICULTURAL and BOTANICAL SOCIETY.
A GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW. FRUIT, and
POTATO EXHIBITION, will be held at the Mechanics'
Hall, on WEDNESAY and THURSDAY, November 21 and
22. Schedules, Entry Forms, and all other information can be
obtained from ^^^^^^ p^j, ^^^ STEWARD, Hon. Sees.
Mechanics' Institute, Nottingham.
JOHN LAINGandCO.'SCHRYSANThY-
fJ M UM EXH I BITION is now open to view at Stanstead
Park. The Collection comprises all the latest interesting
Japanese varieties. Lists gratis on application. See reports of
the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting on the 13th insf.
Address JOHN LAING and CO, The Nurseries, Forest
Hill, S.E.
(CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— 20,000 White, Cut
VJ Blooms, to offer ; fine, under glass, Elaine and Mrs. G.
Rundle, at per dozen. loo.or looo.
R. LOCKE, Red Hill, Surrey.
QPLENDID TREE CARNATIONS coming
^. into bloom. The finest subjects for Winter Decoration, in
rich colours — Pink. White. Rose, Crimson, Yellow and
Scarlet. &c Awarded Prize Medal at Royal Horticultural
Society, on Tuesday, November 13. Price jj. 6d., 31. td , and
5S. each, according to size.
HOOPER AND Co , Covent Garden, London, W.C.
~A M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK
jiTNEl^'f STOCKt fi.^for'rmeSw'oTng.''"^'-''''" °'
lotlenham Nuisenes. Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle. Netherlands.
W Deutzla gracms.
ILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
QTOUT LARCH FIR, 2 to 3 feet ;
►J ditto SCOTCH, 12 to 18 inches ; ditto SPRUCE
0 to 9 inches, a-yr. a-yr. transplanted. *
2 1 J. to 251. per loro Samjles, 7S per loo
B. LAMBERT, Ringwood, Hants.
The
Diplftme
d'Honneur.
Amsterdam Exhibition, 1883.
QUTTONS' GRASS
^^ wert
SEEDS
;re used for Sowing the whole of (he
Fxhibition Cirounds, and h.ivp he«n awarded the
Highest Recompense, viz., the DipVime d'Hon-
neur.
SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Saedsmen, Reading,
Berks.
The Best White Lily.
L ILIUM PHILIPPINENSE is the most
handsome White Lily in cultivation. Price los. 6d. each,
4 guineas per dozen.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 5)6, King's Road, Chelsea. London, S.W.
EIGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from laj. to i^s. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application-
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Fine Transplanted Larch, all sizes.
W JACKSON AND CO., Nurseries, Bedale,
• have very fine Trees to offer this season. Buyers will
be supplied with Samples and Prices on early application.
November i, 1883.
FRANCIS BELL, Nurseryman, Easing-
wold, offers for sale 2,000,000 LARCH, 2 to 5 feet,
recently transplanted, with good leads and well rooted, at
greatly reduced prices.
AQUILEGIA GLANDULOSA
-Ti. (GRIGOR'S, guaranteed true).
Twelve Plants of this beauiiful Columbinj;, to bloom next
season, free lo any part of the UniteJ Kingdom, at ts. per
dozen. Cash with order.
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries. Forres. N.B.
Vines -Vines— Vines.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, have this season, as
usual, a splendid stock of VINEb, suitable for Fruiting in Pots
and Planting Vineries. Also a fine stock of Mar^chal Kiel,
Gloire de Dijon, and other TEA ROSES.
Descriptive Priced LIST on application.
The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
TRAWBERRIES— Next Summer, by
plariting now : capital roots, 4r. per loo ; 6d. extra per K o
for delivery by Parcels Post. In a Few Months, by forcing :
plants in pots, 165. per 100. Only the best varieties are offered.
Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND
CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
To the Trade.
PEAS. — Veitch's Perfection, Yorkshire Hero,
Day's Early Snnri.se, Harrison's Glory, Kentish Invicta,
&c. Cheap for cash.
BRINKWORTH jnd SONS, Reading.
W' ANTED TO PURCHASE or
EXCHANGE, large plants of DAPHNE INDICA
RUBRA and ALBA.
The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John
Cowan) Limited, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &o.
ACATTANEO, COMMISSION .Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Gaiden,
W.C, is open 10 RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.
MESSRS. SQUELCH and~BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market,
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
ANTED, strong PINE Plants— Smooth
Cayenne and Black famaica — clean : also large Plants
of OLEANDERS and Blue AGAPANTHUS. State pice and
sizes to
J. GOUGH, The Gardens, Harefield Grove, Uxbridge.
ANTED, well grown LARCH, not less
than 4 (eet in height; English OAKS, BEECH, and
ACERS, 6 to 8 feet high : HORNBEAM, 4 to 5 feet high, and
well grown— transplanted ; PINUS AUSTRIACA, 5 feet high.
Send samples and prices to
JOSEPH F. MESTON, 20. Spring Gardens, London, S.W.
Notice to Senders.
WANTED, GRAPES, TOMATOS. MARIE
LOUISE PEARS, &c. Also STEPHANOTIS,
EUCHARIS. GARDENIAS. ROSES, TUBEROSES
ORCHIDS. White CAMELLIAS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, W.C.
To the Trade.
WANTED, some good strong Crowns of
RHUBARB, for Forcing. Must be ot early, and cheap.
State price by dozen or ico, and all particulars to
M. L.. John Beal & Co., 55, East Street. Brighton.
A N T E D , a few Bushels of
HALLETT'S PEDIGREE WHEAT.
CHAS. KERSHAW, The Slead Syke Nurseries, Btighouse.
H
Llllum auratum.-To the Trade.
TAMES CARTER, DUNNETT AND
* * BBALE are prepared to oiTer Cases containing 50 and io.>
bulbs, as imported — unopened and examined Pi ice on appllrri-
tion. Also stronc bulbs of L. LANCIFOLIUM ALBUM,
RUBRUM. and KOSEUM.
337 and 258, High Holborn, London, W.C.
FRICAN TUBEROSES, a second and
very fine consignment, just arrived,
GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS, unusually fine this year.
Price per 1000 and 100, to the Trade, on apolication to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and 238.
High Holborn, London, W.C.
Erica hyemalls, in flower.
UGH LOW AND CO. offer the above, in
48 pots, at 7SS. per 100 ; can be supplied by the lo^o.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.
ARNATION, "MARY MORRIS.'
Plants now ready for delivery.
First-class Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
18S2. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, 01
great size, very full, and of perfect sh^pe : does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfecity
hardy. See Gardeners' Chronicle^ August 4, 1883, page 146.
Price and all particulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C.
New Catalo^es.
CHARLES TURNER'S New Descriptive
CATALOGUES for the season are now ready, com-
prising Roses, Fruit Trees, and all kinds of Hardy Trees and
Shrubs ; also Carnations, Picotees, Auriculas, and other
Florist Flowers. Bulbs. &c.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
P R U C E— SPRUCE— SPRUCE.—
A large lot to dispose of. Grown expressly for Christmas
Trees, i^. 2/2. 3H. to 4 feet.
ED. H. BLAND. The Old Nurseries, Fordham. near Soham.
N.B. Please address all communications, " Old Nurseries "
OLDEN EUONYMUS, 10,000, good
bushy stuff for pots, 12 to 15 inches, 25J. per 100 ; 15 to
21 inches, 35J. per 100.
THUIA AUREA. do., 15 to 18 inches, 50J. per 100.
PASSIFLORACCERULEA. single pots. 6 to 12 inches, 11s.
per 100. Terms cash. Address
PHILLIPS AND CO., The Torbay Nurseries. Torquay.
(CHRISTMAS TREES in great variety;
V-^ Well-grown Trees, fine in colour, trom 2 to 20 feet.
Suitable for every description of Christmas decorating.
CATALOGUES ready, apply at once.
W. JACKSON AND CO.. Nurseries. Bedale.
A VAN GEERT, Nurseryman, Ghent,
• has still on hand nice Indian and Mollis AZALEAS ;
fine CAMELLIAS, all with buds. Also strong clumps of
SPIR^.A JAPONICA, for forcing.
The whole at usual Trade Prices.
OUVARDIAS. — Fine, bushy, healthy
plants, of A. Neuner, Dazzler, and others, 40J. per 100.
Tree CARNATIONS, best free blooming kinds, 401. per 100.
Mrs. SINKINS, best white CLOVE CARNATION, lur
forcing, loj. per ioq.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Seed MerchanU and
Nurserymen. Worcester.
Orchids, Bulbs, Lilies.
THE NEW FLANT and BULB COM-
PANY. Lion Walk, Colchesttr. have just publi*.hed their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64, containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
HESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash,
Scolch, Birch, Alder, Willon-, Seedling Oak, and Thom
Q lick. Stout, well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity lo
be sold.— GEO. CHORLEY, Coastei's Nursery, Midhurst.
URPLUS STOCK.— Handsome and Choice
Evergreen and Deciduous TREES for Avenues. Parks,
Gardens. Streets, &c. Very good and cheap. LIST free by pi sr.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Fruit Trees to Offer.
STANDARD APPLES and PEARS, also
PURPLE and WEEPING BEECH. Price per 100 on
application to
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery. Chertsey,
Surrey.
OTATOS.— Sutton's Reading Hero, White
Elephant, Beauty of Hebron, and Ashleaf Kidney. A
few Tons each of these popular sorts cheap lor cash, to save
toring. BRINKWORTH and SONS, Reading.
Firms In tbe Nursery and Seed Trade
wishing to publish (heir announcements in Ireland, will find
THE IRISH FARM, FOREST, and
GARDEN, an excellent medium. Specimen Copies,
Scale of Charges. &c , on application to
Mr. THOS. MOORE, Sole Proprietor, 30, Lower Ormond
Quay, Dublin.
6i4
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[NOVliMEER 17, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Dutcli Flower Roots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at iialf-past 12 o'clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known farms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tuesday Next.-(Sale No. 652=.)
CHOICE HOME GROWN LILIES, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, November so,
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a fine selection of Home-
grown LILIES and other BULBS and PLANTS, by order of
the New Plant and Bulb Company. Also an importation of
LILIUM AURATUM from Japan ; 300D TUBEROSES from
South Africa, DUTCH BULBS, Roman HYACINTHS and
Paper NARCISSUS in quantity, and 1500 Crowns of LILY
of the VALLEY.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Choice Home-grown Lilies.
MR. J. C. STEVENS is instructed by the
New Plant and Bulb Company, to offer for SALE by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent
Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY, November 20, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, a fine selection of home-grown LILIES and
other BULBS, IRIS, and other PLANTS, including Liliums,
Washingtonianum. Harrisii fthe Bermuda Lily), Hansoni,
Leichtlini, Coridion, concolor, excelsum. Sczovitzianum,
(Colchicum), Parryi, Brownii, Dalmaticum, Catanei rubescens,
and a new form of Lilium longiflorum, and other LI LIES ; also
100 bulbs of the new white Tigridia, MONTBRETTIA
CROCOSMI^FLORA (new). IRIS Robinsoniana, iberica,
Amaryllis, Crinums, and other BULBS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
■Wednesday Next.
PLANTS and BULBS from Holland.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. November
21, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, first-clafS Standard and
Dwarf ROSES, in all the leading varieties from English
Nurseries ; a consignment of AUCUBA JAPONICA, in sixty-
one fine varieties : RHODODENDRONS, with Flower-buds;
AZALEA PONTICA and A. MOLLIS, strong plants with
buds; HARDY CONIFERS, &c , from Holland ; GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, and an importation of choice named
Double and Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES,
NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, and other Dutch BULBS for present
planting.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
A Grand Importation of
CATTLEYA SPECIES (supposed New Species) collected
and brought home by Mr. John Carder from a remote
district beyond Popayan. The plants offered are of the
same variety and from the same ground as those collected
by the late Mr. J. H. Chesterton, and which were sold at
Messrs. Stevens' Great Rooms on January 24. 1883. The
above are in splendid condition, many of them with perfect
* leaves and fine masses. Mr. Carder's estimate of the plants
tallies with that of Mr. Chesterton ; he considers that it
more nearly approaches C Mendelii than it does C. Trianse.
This Cattleya is remarkable for the great number of snow-
white forms which it produces, many of them appearing
identical with the rare white C. Bluntii, while the coloured
forms exhibit a breadth of petal and perfection of form
which places them in the front rank among Cattleyas. The
flowers measure 7 and 8 inches in diameter, and we believe
they will prove most valuable winter-flowering varieties.
The consignment is offered as received, the white and
coloured forms mixed. See dried flowers. MASDE-
VALLIA CROSSII, exceedingly rare, and most difficult
to import, bright orange-scarlet. See dried flowers.
ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM. ihe dark-
flowered autumn variety; O. PESCATOREI, O. CRIS-
PUM (Alexandra;). PAPHINIA RUGOSA. very rare:
BOLLEA SPECIES; HOULLETIA CHRYSANTHA
and HOULLETIA SPECIES, supposed floribunda ; and
ODONTOGLOSSUM ROEZLII. All in the very best
of condition. Which wifl be SOLD by AUCTION by
MR. J. C. STEVENS at his Great Rooms,
38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURS-
DAY NEXT. November 22. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely,
by order of Messrs. Shuttleworlh, Carder & Co.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.
Four Cases of ARAUCARIA EXCELSA.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms.
38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSD.AY
NEXT, November 22.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Dutch Bulbs.— Great Unreserved Sales.
Every MONDAY. THURSDAY, and SATURDAY.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C.. every MONDAY, THURSDAY,
and S.ATURDAY, at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely each day,
extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS,
NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, and other ROOTS from Hol-
land, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Important Sale of about 300 Choice Double Camellias
and AZALEA INDICA, compact plants, i to 3 feet, beau-
tifully set with bloom-buds; GREENHOUSE PLANTS
in variety, 400 handsome Standard and other ROSES of
the best sorts, selected FRUIT TREES, Hardy CONI-
FER/E, SHRUBS, AMERICAN PLANTS, DUTCH
BULBS, &c.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City
Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.G., on
TUESDAY, November 20, at 12 o'Clock precisely.
On \ few morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
ofthe A uctioneers,8,Ncw Broad Street,E.C., and Leytonstone,E.
Tuesday Next.
CATTLEYA SPECIES (supposed new species).
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Messrs. Shuttleworlh, Carder & Co.,
to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and
68, Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, at half-past 12
o'clock precisely, an importation of CATTLEYA SPECIES,
collected by Mr. John Carder in a remote district beyond
Popayan. The plants offered are of the same variety and
from the same ground as those collected by the late Mr.
J. H. Chesterton, and which were sold in January last. Mr.
Carder's estimate of the plants tallies with that of Mr. Ches-
terton, and he considers that it more nearly approaches C.
Mendelii than it does C. Trianse. This Cattleya is remarkable
for the number of snow-white forms which it produces, many
of them appearing identical with the rare white Cattleya
Bluntii, while the coloured forms exhibit a breadth of petal
and perfection of form which places them in the front rarik
among Cattleyas. The flowers measure 7 and 8 inches in
diameter, and it is believed they will prove most valuable
winter flowering varieties. The consignment is offered as
received, the white and coloured forms mixed. Also ODON-
TOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, the dark-flowered autumn
variety; O. ALEXANDR^E and O. PESCATOREI, of the
best types ; and other ORCHIDS.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street. E.C.
"Wednesday Next.
400 CAMELLIAS and AZALEAS. FICUS, and other
DECORATIVE PLANTS from Belgium; STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS and FERNS in variety: a
choice assortment of Standard and Dwarf ROSES, HYA-
CINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, and other DUTCH
BULBS; CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and a variety of
PLANTS and BULBS for the garden.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street. E.G.
Friday Next.
CATTLEYA SPECIES (fine plant in flower).
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to include in their
SALE, at their Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheap-
side, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, a splendid plant of CAT-
TLEYA species in flower. It was imported as Mendelii, is very
distinct, and one ofthe hnest Mr. Sander has ever seen.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Friday Next.
LYCASTE SKINNERI.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC-
TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside,
E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past ij o'Clock precisely, a
splendid importation of LYCASTE SKINNERI, mostly in
large masses ; a very tine lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM
ALEXANDR/E, CYPRIPEDIUMS, CATTLEYAS, MAS-
DEVALLIAS, and other ORCHIDS. Also a splendid new
ODONTOGLOSSUM in flower.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street. E C
Flowering Orchids.— Specleil Sale.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
beg to announce that their next special SALE of
FLOWERING ORCHIDS will take place on TUESDAY,
November 27.
The Catalogue is in course of preparation, and gentlemen
desirous of including plants are respectfully requested to furnish
a list by Tuesday next.
Sunbury, Middlesex.
By Order of the Executors of the late Mr. R. A. Osborne.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the
Premises. The Sunbury Nursery. Sunbury, on THURSDAY,
December 6, the remainder of the unusually well grown
NURSERY STOCK, including 10,000 Maiden Apples, 4500
Feathered and Maiden Pears, 3000 Maiden Plums and Damsons,
8000 Dwarf HP. Roses, 1000 Standard Roses, 600 trained and
Maiden Moor Park Apricots, 500 Limes, &c. Further par-
ticulars next week.
N.B. The OLD-ESTABLISHED NURSERY is FOR
DISPOSAL on advantageous Terms. The Auctioneers will be
pleased to furnish full particulars and lowest terms on appli-
cation.
Ottershaw Park Nursery. Ottershaw, CHertsey.
UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of well-grown
NURSERY STOCK. Owing to this property being Sold,
and the Lease having expired,
MESSRS. R. AND J. WATERER and
SON have been favoured with instructions from Mr. W.
Fletcher to SELL by AUCTION, upon the Premises, on
MONDAY, December 3, and following days, at 11 fori a o'Clock
precisely, on each day, the whole ofthe NURSERY STOCK,
on the above Land, comprising 50,000 Standard and Pyramid
Fruit Irees of the choicest sorts of Apples, Pears, and Plums ;
300 Dwarf-trained Fruit Trees; 10,000 Common Privet ; i5,oco
Forest Trees, consisting of Horse Chestnut and Birch, 12 to
30 feet; Scarlet Oaks, 4 to 6 feet ; Weymouth Pine, S to 12 feet ;
Purple Beech, 7 to 12 feet ; Weeping Beech and Elm. 8 to
10 feet ; Norway Maple, S to 14 feet ; Hornbeam, 6 to 12 feet ;
Limes, 4 to 10 feet ; Spanish Chestnuts, i to 3 feet ; Elms,
2 to 3 feet ; and a number of Ornamental Shrubs. Picea Nord-
manniana, Aucubas, named Rhododendrons, Variegated and
Green Hollies, &c. ; a few choice Standard and Dwarf Rose
Trees, and other stock.
May be viewed, and Catalogues obtained 7 days prior to the
days of Sale, at the principal Hotels and Inns in the neighbour-
hood ; _ of Messrs. FLETCHER and SONS, Ottershaw
Nurseries ; and of the Auctioneers, Chertsey and Weybridge
Station, Surrey.
To Gardeners and Florists.
FOR SALE, li Acre of N URSERY
GROUND, 4 miles fro"m Covent Garden. Nice Cottage,
3 excellent Houses. Stock moderate. 54 years' lease.
Address. GARDEN, 2, Carrington Villas, Richmond.
Market Garden Ground.
Close to Eeddington Railway Station and about smiles from
Croydon.
TO BE LET, 16 Acres of LAND, well
planted with Fruit Trees, &c.
Apply to BLAKE, HADDOCK and CARPENTER,
Estate Agents, &c., 21, High Street, Croydon, and 32, Nicholas
Lane, E.C.
Pine-apple Nursery, Peckham Rye, E.C.
TO BE LET, on Lease, this well-known
NURSERY, with extensive Grape and Orchard-houses,
planted with the choicest Vines and trees ; Hothouses and
numerous Outbuildings, Cottage, Stabling, &c.
For terms apply to RUSaWORTH, ABBOTT and
STEVENS, 22, Savile Row, Regent's Street. W.
MESSRS. PEED & GREAVES,
Auctioneers and Estate Agents,
1, HOLLAND ROAD, BRIXTON. LONDON, S.W.
THE above Firm will be happy to Furnish
EstimatesorTermsforthe SALE by PUBLIC AUCTION
of all Classes of NURSERY and FLORIST STOCK, either
at the Nurseries of Clients, or to be removed to the Sale Rooms,
as above. Mr. W. G. PEED (son of Mr. John Peed, the
well-knnwn Exhibitor, Nurseryman, and Florist), by his practical
knowledge of the Irade, the nomenclature of all classes of
Plants and Trees, as also his intimate knowledge of the value
of every variety of Nursery Stock, can guarantee a like com-
petency and thoroughness of Sale only possessed by one well-
known firm in the Trade, and Messrs. P. & G. will undertake
any such Sales at lowest possible terms.
TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
NOTICE. — WILLIAM SUTHERLAND,
late of the Barbourne Nurseries, Worcester, and previ-
ously of Liverpool, begs to intimate that, having effected an
engagement with Messrs. James Dickson & Sons, his present
address (at which he hopes to hear from his various friends) is
" Newton" Nurseries, Chester.
RCOLLYER, NURSERYMAN, Cart House
• Lane, Woking Station, Surrey, begs to offer the loUow-
iog good rooted and well grown plants :~
COMMON YEWS. 2 to 4 feet.
COMMON GREEN HOLLIES, 1% to 3 feet
GOLD GREEN HOLLIES, iK to 2% feet.
Samples and pries on application.
c
Cape Bulbs.
E B U
L B
Orders for small Sample, Post Collections, or larger Shipments
now received. Delivered January and February, 1884.
ED. HUTT. Sales Department, Botanic Gardens,
Capetown.
To the Trade.
PALMS and FERNS
from Stores.
PALMS — Latania borbonica (Livistona sinensis) and Corypha
australis, 6s, per too, 55^. per icoo.
FERNS — Blechnum corcovadense. Phlebodium aureum, Adi-
antum pubescens, and Pteris cretica albo-Hneata, 8.S, per 100 ;
Cheilanthes elegans, and Gold Gymnogramroas, 125 p. 100.
Ferns in about 8 or 10 varieties, from stores, 7J. per io3,
These are all good strong stuff.
Trade LIST free on application,
W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery, Upton. Essex.
FOR SALE,a quantity of Selected (Crittenden
Cluster) DAMSON TREES, true, from Spawn ; 10,000
best Naples, Black, Raby. and Scotch CURRANT TREES.
Apply, A. SEARS, Mr. Skinner. East Farleigh, Kent.
EAKALE for SALE.— 3000 Roots, very
fine for forcing. Price lor. per loo. Apply to
JAMES TURNER, 37, George Street, Richmond, Surrey.
Fruiting Pines.
FOR SALE, 44 Black Jamaica PINES, fine,
stout, healthy stuff, in fruiting pots, perfectly clean, and
in first-rate condition. Apply to
JAMES DICKSON and SONS, "Newton" Nurseries,
Chester.
FECIAL OFFER ^f PRIVET, &^.
50,000 EVERGREEN PRIVET, aj^ to 3V2 feet, very
bushy, 20s.; 3 to 4 feet, extra stout, 25 j. per 1000.
50,000 PRIVET OVALIFOLIUM, very stout and bushy
I to 1J4 foot, 2as. per 1000 ; 9 to 15 inches, very fine,
15J. per 1000.
MANEITI STOCKS, very strong. 70s. and 255. per 1000.
Terms cash.
B. R, DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil.
Lily Of the Valley.
EKRUIJFF, Sassenheim, near Haarlem,
• Holland, has to offer, to the Trade only, strong selected
Buds of CONVALLARIA MAJALIS for Forcing, at 21. 6d.
per 100, 225. per 1000. Terms cash. Samples free on
application.
OMMON LAURELS, 20,000 to offer, i to
1 J3 foot, 70J, per ICOO ; iJ4 to 2 feet. looj. per 1000 ; 2 to
2j^ feet, 130S. per loco. The whole are four years old, very
bushy, and well rooted,
SPRUCE FIRS, 3i to 4 feet, -zos. per 100 ; 4 to 6 feet, 40s,
per ICO ; 6 to S feet, 60s. per 100, extra transplanted, and bushy
MANETTl STOCKS, strong i-yr., aoj, per 1000 for cash.
A large quantity of fine AVENUE and FOREST TREES
in stock.
CATALOGUES of general Nursery Stock post-free.
R. TUCKER, Nurseryman, Faringdon, Berks.
FECIAL TRADE OFFER.— 200,000 Dwarf
ROSES, on Manetti, fine, our own selection, i^s. per
ICO, £i2 per 1030. 310,000 MANETTl STOCKS, fine, 30?.
per 1000, ;£i3 per lo.oco. io,odo,ooo ASPARAGUS, 2-yr.
Connover's, ijs. 6d. per looo ; 3-yT. Connover's, zos. per iodo ;
2-yr- Giant, 155. per iodo ; 3-yr. Giant, 17J. 6d, per looo, for
Cash with all Orders, otherwise wiil not be attended to.
R. LOCKE, Royal Nurseries and Rose Farms, Redhill, Surrey
To the Trade.
SEED POTATO S.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special offers of their fine selected stocks of SEED
POTATOS, grown under their own superintendence expressly
for seed purposes. Their LISTincludesall the varieties worthy
of cultivation, and the prices will be found very reasonable.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
November 17, 1883.)
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
615
Until the Stock Is Exhausted,
CHARLES NOBLE will supply the finest
forcing clumps of crowns ever offered of : —
SPIRyt^A PALMATA, at 15J., 10s., and 251. per 100. [each.
LILIUM GIGANTEUM, nice bulbs, 31.6^., 2j.6rf., and iJ.6rf.
Orders with cash or reference should be sent at once — Bagshot.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, LUles, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb
Growers, HillcKom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
ELWAY AND SON'S CATALOGUE
of GLADIOLI, describing all the varieties worth grow-
ing, and at prices as low as those of any other house, will be
forwarded on application.
Langport, Somerset.
RANSTON'S Descriptive CATALOGUES
of Fruit and FOREST TREES, SHRUBS, &c, ate
now ready, and may be had free on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED COMPANY
(Limited), King's Acre, Hereford.
Carriage Paid.
CAULIFLOWER, &c., PLANTS: —
Autumn sown sturdy good plants. Early London,
Asiatic, Cyprus, Erfurt, and Walcheren CAULIFLOWER;
Bath. White, Green, Blood-red, and Brown Cos. Winter
Passion and Swede's Head CABBAGE LETTUCE ; Broad-
Iraved Bat.avian and Green Curled ENDIVE ; Giant
Rocca and Hat Tripoli ONION PLANTS; Early Kainham,
Saint John's Day, Daniel's Defiance, and many other choicest
varieties of CAKBAGE PLAN IS ; Abergeldie and Melville's
Variegated KALE; Aigburlh BRUSSELS SPROUTS, and
Purple Sprouting BROCCOLI, u. ti. per ico. Good large
plants only sent. Also the following varieties of Herbs, viz. :—
Put M.»,RJl)KAM, Winter SAVORY, LEMON and Winter
THYME, HYSSOP, BALM, LAVENDER, WITLOEF,
BELLVILLE SORKEL, TANSY. FENNEL. Broad-leaved
SAGE, HOREHOUND, WORMWOOD, and FEVERFEW,
\s ^d. per dozen, Sj. per ico.
Post-office Order (with order) payable Codalming, to
EDWARD LEIGH,_pnnsfold, Godalming.
SEAKALE.— A large Stock of fine strong
Roots, for Forcing and Planting.
Also good ayr. old GIANT ASPARAGUS.
FRUIT TREES. — Fine healthy stock of horizontal and
dwarf-trained Apples and Pears, and dwarf-trained Apricots,
Cherries, Plums. Peaches and Nectariiies.
Price on application.
D. S. THOMSON, The Nurseries, Wimbledon.
LEMATIS COCCINEA.— A new, distinct,
and very beautiful Climber, with small, bright orange-
scarlet flowers, perfectly hardy, and one of the best
climbing plants in cultivation.
LILIUM TENUIFOLIUM. —A brilliant
scarlet Tuik's-Cap variety. Very early ; blooming out
in the open ground in June, or will stand forcing well.
Very suitable as Cut Blooms for Buttonholes or Bouquets.
It is perfectly hardy.
For prices of above and all varieties of DUTCH, ENGLISH,
and JAPANESE BULBS, see our Wholesale Bulb CATA-
LOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs.
THE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY
COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, have an immense
Stock of the leading kinds of Seedling and Transplanted
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS, &c.— all in healthy condi-
tion and prices moderate. Special offers on application.
URPLUS STOCK.— Fine bearing PEACH
TREES, in excellent condillon, grown under glass, and
well ripened.
W. WOODFIELD, Gardens, Ketton Hall. Stamford.
To the Trade.
NEW EARLY RHUBARB. KERSHAW'S PARAGON.
WILLIAM KERSHAW has pleasure in
again offering this splendid new variety, in extra strong
roots, such as gave general satisfaction to the many leading
London and Provincial Houses, who obtained supplies from him
la^t autumn. Price. 95. per dczen, 651. per 100.
Airedale Nursery, Bingley. Yorkshire.
Tea Roses-Tea Rosea.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and oiher Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
~ Special Culture of
FRUIT TREES and ROSES.— A large and
select stock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The De'-ciiptive CATALOGUE of Ruses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worlh. Herts.
To Florists.— For Forcing this next Winter.
LILACS (Syringa) Charles X., Saugd, and
ALBA VIRGINALIS.— Nice round plants cultivated in
pots, plants from i foot 10 inches to 2 feet 10 inches, with
six, ten, and fifteen branches, well set with flowers, price
0>. £S. and j£io per 100.
STAPHYLEA CULCHICA.— Plants cultivated in pots, £6
per 100.
PRUNUS SINENSIS FLORE-PLENO. — Cultivated in
pots, £,6 per 100.
ROSES, Niphetos, Mai^chal Niel, and other Teas, for
Forcing.— Cultivated in pots, £4 per 100.
ROSES, Special Varieties, for Forcing. — Low-budded, fine
plants, X20 to ^24 per 1000.
SPIRv%A PALMATA. — Good clumps, ;Cto to ;6i2 per 1000.
DKUTZIA GRACILIS. —Good young plants, six to twelve
branches, ;tio to Zra per 1000.
Direct Orders to
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chateney (Seine), pre's Paris,
France.
JAMES SMITH AND SONS, Darley Dale
Nurseries, near Matlock, begs to offer the following in
nice plants : —
AZALEA PONTICA, 1 to 1% foot, 70s. per 100, or igos. per
1000; ij^ to 2 feet, 30J. per 100, or 2B0S. per 1000.
BERBERIS DARWINII, 1 to iJ4 foot, i8s. per 100, or iCos.
per 1000 ; ij4 to 2 feet, 25s. per ico, or 220s. per 100c.
LILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
bulbs, 4s., fs., gs., ray., i8j., and ■24s. per dozen ; extra
strong, 30s. and 42^. per dozen. AH other good LILIES at
equally low prices.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, Kinc's Road, Chelsea. London, S.W.
ARDY ORCHIDS.— Twelve choice kinds,
including six exotic, with full cultural instructions, 5,;.
STANSFIELDS, Sale.
H
"■.(""RUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES
-*-- In all the Best Cropping Varietie.-;.
APPLES, PEARS and CHERRIES, Dwaif-lrained, good
trees, i^s. and i8j. per dozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 40J. and 505. per ico; good fruiting trees,
75J. and 1001. per loo ; Maidens, 30?. per 100.
APPLES, Pyramid, 401., $os., and 75y. per too.
CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained Motello and May Duke, 15J. and
i8s. per doien.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, Ss., loJ. and
I2J. per too.
RASPBERRIES, Killbasket, 6s. per 100.
ROSES. Dwarf H.P.'s. our selection, 30J. per 100.
CONIFERS, bushy, for pots, window boxes, &c , 9 to 15 in.,
?SS- per ro3.
POPLARS, Lombardy and Ontario, from 5 to 10 feet, 8s. to
35J. per roo; 12 to 16 feet, extra fine, lor screens, grown
in single lines, 15s. per dozen, io:?j, per ico.
SHRUBS, Deciduous, 12^. and 15^. per no, good plants.
HEATHS, H.Trdy, of sorts to name, 151. per 100.
THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts. Standards and Pyra-
mids, 50^, and 755. per 103.
SPIR.'EA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, 10s., 15s. and 70s.
per lOD.
AUCQBAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots, &c., 9 to 12 in., 16s.
per ICO ; 12 to 15 inches, aor. per loo.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham.
OASPBERRY CANES for Sale. — Semper
-*-*J Fidelis, one of the best market sorts, and most abundant
cropper, ^3 oer 1000.
T. B. CHAPMAN, Twickenham Road, Isleworth, Middlesex.
PLUM TREES for SALE .—Pond's Seedling,
Victoria, Prune, Damson, Sec. Several hundreds, well
established, in bearinp, and will move well, 4s. per tree
T. B. CHAPMAN, Twickenham Road, Isleworth, Middlesex.
[(iTltJUis-tabliDlicti.
ORNAMENTAL TREES,
fiuit Xlvcce,
Evergreens & Cover Plants,
Andall OTHER Trees & Plants
<•■<•>■•■■■■••••••• ••••••••••■■
SPLENDID QUALITY.
Nurseries 200 Acres.
I r rile for CaUlo^iux.
j ilvcliitblcnUimug. Address i?ifnU —
I THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
Cbestcr.
TMANTOPHYLLUMS.
JL Fresh Seeds, hybridised from the sorts with large flowers,
per dozen, %s. ; per 100, 30J. ; per 1000. .£10.
Forwarded free by post to all parts of the world for cash.
ED. PYNAERT, Ghent, Belgium.
OEEDS of CLIVIA M I N I ATA,
y^ fertilised by C. Lindeni X C. robusta.
13 SEEDS, guaranteed .. 5 francs.
100 , ,, ..40 francs.
looa ,, ,, .. 350 francs.
Free by Post.
ED. PYNAERT, Ghent. Belgium.
ERMUDA EASTER LILY (Lilium longi-
florum Harrisii). — Having ordered direct a large quantity
of the best procurable bulbs from America, we are enabled to
offer the true variety at the low price of 2J. td, each. More
than forty beautiful pure white trumpet- shaped flowers have
been produced from a single bulb. For further description of
this valuable acquisition, see Bulb LIST, free on application.
RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Seed Merchants and Nursery-
men, Worcester.
To tlie Trade.
HOME GROWN VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special off^srs of all the varieiies of VEGETABLE
and AGRICULTUAL SEEDS they have grown this season
from choice selected stocks. The quality of the seeds is ex-
cellent, and the prices are very low.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
R U I T TREES (74 acres). ~
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. CHERRIES, PEACHES,
NECTARINES. APRICOTS, &c , as Standards, Dwarfs,
Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety.
VINES, excellent canes, 3^. td. to loj. 6d. ORCHARD
HOUSE TREES in pots, from 51. FIGS, from 3s. 6^.
Descriptive LISP, containing a sketch of the various forms ot
Trees, with directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure,
Pruning, Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under Glass; also infor-
mation as to Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin, Colour, Flesh,
Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season. Price, &c., free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.
EADING HERO.— A few Tons of this
famous POTATO for Sale. Price ^S per ton, or gr.
per cwt,, on rail, bags included. Cash with order.
J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, West Brighton, Sussex.
A Gay Conservatory.
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, 2.f. 6^., 4^., and
6j. per dozen, according to size.
HERBACEOUS CALCEOLARIAS, is. td. per dozen, from
stores.
SOLANUMS, full of berries. CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS,
TREE CARNATIONS, DEUTZIA GRACILIS, in pots
for early blooming, 6^., gj., i2i., and \8s. per dozen. Three
at same rates.
HYACINTHS. TULIPS, CROCUS, SPIR/EAS, LILIES.
&c. — sec Catalogue.
AZALEAS, Ghent, mollis, Pontica, or indica, all with buds, for
Forcing, i8j., 24.?., and 30J. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
ROSES (20 acres). — Well-rooted, many
shooted. truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and
of the best kinds. Bubhcs, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per
dozen, 60^. per 103; packing and carriage free for cash with
order. Standards, 155. per do/en, or 100 free for 120J. These
wotld-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction.
Descriptive LIST free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Outdoor Flowers in Spring.
DAISIES, Red, White, Rose, &c. ; POLY-
ANTHUS. Single PRIMSOSES in variety of colours,
WALLFLOWERS, CANTER IIURY BELLS, ^d. per
dozen, 4s. and 5s. per 100. PANSIES and VIOLAS
(colours separate), ARABIS, ALYSSUM, SILENE
COMPACTA, AUBRIETIAS. MYuSOTlS. ij. 6*/. per
dozen, 8s. per 100. Or 500 assorted Spring-floweiing Plants
for 17J. 6rf. : icoo for 31^. dd,
TULIPS, various colours, 51. per ico CROCUS, is. (>d. and
IS. per 100 SNOWDROPS, -zs. 6d. per 100. Border
HYACINTHS, 181. per ico. NARCISSUS, of sorts, 5*.
and 7J 6d. per 100. C3r 500 assorted Spring-flowering Bulbs
for 12J. ; ICOO for zis.
HEPATICAS, Blue and Red, Double PRIMROSES, While,
Lilac, or Sulphur, 35. 6d. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
ERBACEOUS, ALPINE, and ROCK
PLANTS.
Collections of iQo choice varieties .. y^s.
,, 50 „ „ .. ?7J. 6rf.
,, 23 ,, ,, . . 10s. da.
Packing free and extra plants sent to compensate for carriage.
R. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston
Birmingham.
Kent, The Garden of England.
300 coo FRUIT TREES in 600 varietie?.
GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.
beg to intimate that their stock was never finer, and
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them-
selves. The New Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps. Reference LIST free,
The Kent Roses do Live.
Extra well-rooted stuff, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone. — Established 1796.
CATALOGUE of FERNS, illustrated and
V^ descriptive, with Cultural Notes. Three stamps.
CATALOGUE of ALPINE PLANTS, illustrated and de-
scriptive. Free on application.
LIST of HARDY ORCHIDS, with full cultural instruc-
tions. Free on application.
The following expression of opinion is from one of the highest
authorities in the land on the subject of Ferns : — " * •■ " I have
gone very carefully through your list, and, without compliment-
ing you, it is by far the best nurseryman's list of British Ferns
out. '
F. W. AND H. STANSFIELD, Nurserymen, Sale, near
Manchester.
Mitchell's Gooseberry.
WM. MITCHELL now offers to the Trade
Cuttings of this extraordinary variety of Gooseberry,
which is the largest and greatest cropper known. To all
Growers, Salesmen, and Buyers attending Covent Garden
Market this fine variety is too well known to need description.
Cuttings, £$ per 1000.
WM. BROADLANDS, Enfield Highway, N.
HOLLY forHEDGES.— 12 to 15 inches, 25^-. ;
IS to 18 inches, 35^. ; 18 to 24 inches, 505. per 100.
Forest LiST, containing heights and prices of well-grown trans-
planted Quick, Ash, Larch, Spruce, Pines, Oaks, Cover
Plants, S:c. , free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
WARE ROSES, splendidly rooted, the
best sorts, 6s. per dozen, from ground ; fifty for2ij.
TEA ROSES, in pots, i=;j. per dozen, fifty for sor.
FINE CLIMBING PLANTS, Hardy, for Walls, Trellises,
Arbours, Rockeries, &c., in twelve varieties, 6s. and gr.
FINE HARDY HEATHS and other Dwarf American Plants,
in variety, 4s. and 6s. per dozen.
PRETTY DWARF SHRUBS of various kinds, for Pots,
Boxes, Winter Bedding, &c., in variety, 4s. or 6^. per doz.
PRETTY TABLE PLANTS, in variety, for immediate use,
6,1., 91 , and 125 per dozen.
BEAUIIFUL FERNS, twelve sorts, 4s. 6d., 6j.,or gr.
For all classes of Plants, Bulbs, Seeds, Fruit and other Trees,
Shrubs, or Garden Sundries, see cur Catalog ues.
Many acres of ground and many thousand feet of glass are
stocked with the best of everything in the respective classes.
Visitors invited.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
Sharpe's Seeds.
CHARLES SHARPE and C O.,
Seed Growers and Seed Merchants, Sleaford, will
be glad to forward, Post-free on application. Special Whoh
sale quotations of their own selected stocks of Garden and Agri-
cultural Seeds. Sleaford. — October, 1883.
WO HUNDRED THOUSAND VIOLAS,
bedding PANSIES, HARDY PERENNIALS,
ALPINES, &c. — One uniform price, is, per dozen, trans-
planted. Land sold for Railway Extension. Guinea Garden
Collection increased to thirty dozen, worth £6 ; half, 12s.
CATALOGUE gratis.
JOHN PIRIE AND CO., Stechford, Birmingham.
CREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants, being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
6i6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 17, 1883.
NEW^ APPLE.
"HEREFORDSHIRE BEEFING."
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
(LIMITED)
have much pleasure in now oflfering, for the
first time, good healthy young trees of this
valuable, late-keeping Apple, which for beauty
and general good qualities they have every
confidence in stating is unsurpassed. The tree
is upright in habit, very vigorous and healthy
in growth, never failing to produce, even in the
most unfavourable seasons, abundant crops of
large and very handsome fruit. Colour deep
red all over ; flesh white, very firm, crisp and
juicy. It will keep in good condition till June,
and is e.\cellent for either dessert or culinary
purposes.
This excellent Apple was much admired by
all who saw it at the Great Apple Congress
recently held at Chiswick.
Strong Maiden Trees . . 3s. 6d. each.
„ 2-yr. „ .. 5s. Od. „
Fruit Tree Catalogue free on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY di SEED CO.
(LIMITED).
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.
Trade Price on application.
R^
'S
THE OLD ESTABLISHED
NURSERY, SEEO&IMPLEMENT BUSINESS
^^^UALITY VARIETY & EXTENT^g/
WFOREST ■ FR UIT -V^f
,•< & ALL OTHER >*
/R TREES i PLANTS/ Jh
St^O^^^JisES.Htsf-
priced catalogue post free
JAMESDICKSONj^SONS
"NEWTON' NURSERIES
— CHESTER
ANTHONY WATERER
Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—
HOLLIES, Common Green, 3,4, 5. 6, 7, 8 to
„ laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet high. I
„ Hodgins', 3, 4, 5 to 8 feet. I
,, myrlifolia, ditto. l„ ., ,
.. Saw-leaved, ditto. ( ^^""^ thousands.
„ Scottica, 3 to 8 feet.
„ Yellow- berried, altaclarense and others.
„ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 ft.
„ Waterer's, splendid plants, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet
in circumterence.
„ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of
beautilul specimens.
„ Perry's Weeping Holly, on .^itraight stems, with beautiful
heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds.
,, new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 7 feet, many
thousands.
YEW.S, \_ommon, 3. 4, 5, 6, to 10 feet, thousands.
,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 8 feet,
thousands.
,, Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUlOroia UuLABRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
knODOUENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, to
10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, z, 3, 4, and
5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS. Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high.
PICEA PINSAPO. 6 to 8 feet.
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, and 8 feet.
Knap HiU Nursery. WoMng Station, Surrey.
A GRAND IMPORTATION OF
CATTLEYA SPECIES
(SUPPOSED NEW SPECIES),
Collected and brought home by Mr. John Carder from a remote district beyond Popayan. The
plants offered are of the same variety and from the same ground as those collected by the late
Mr. J. H. Chesterton, and which were Sold at Messrs. Stevens' Great Rooms on January 2 '
1883. The above are in splendid condition, many of them with perfect leaves and fine masseb.
Mr. Carder's estimate of the plants tallies with that of Mr. Chesterton. He considers that it
more nearly approaches C. Mendelii than it does C. Trians. This Cattleya is remarkable for
the great number of snow-white forms which it produces, many of them appearing identical
with the rare white Cattleya Bluntii ; while the coloured forms exhibit a breadth of petal and
perfection of form which places them in the front rank among Cattleyas. The flowers measure
7 and 8 inches in diameter, and we believe they will prove most valuable winter-flowering
varieties. The consignment is offered as received, the white and coloured forms mixed. — See
dried flowers.
MASDEVALLIA CROSSII,
Exceedingly rare and most difficult to import, bright orange-scarlet.^See dried flowers.
ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, the dark-flowered autumn variety ;
O. PESCATOREI, O. CRISPUM (Alexandra) ;
PAPHINIA RUGOSA, very rare; BOLLEA SPECIES ;
HOULLETIA CHRYSANTHA and HOULLETIA SPECIES, supposed floribunda ; and
ODONTOGLOSSUM ROEZLII-
All in the very best condition,
which will be SOLD by AUCTION by
MR. J. C. STEVENS, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, November 22, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely,
by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.
On view morning of Sale, ana Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
DAFFODILS.-DAFFODILLIES.-DAFFODOWNDILLIES.
DESCRIPTIVE LIST FREE ON APPLICATION
Of more than 200 varieties of DAFFODILS, most of which are new, and many of them have been
figured at various times in the Garden.
Selections for Flower Borders or to Naturalise in Grass, &c , is. 6d., y. 6d., ^s. 6d., ys. 6d., los. 6d.,
i^s., 21s., 42s., 62s., S4S. and 105^.
Fine Mi,\ed Varieties, for Wild Gardens, 42s. per 1000, ss. 6d. per 100, is. per dozen.
Choice Mixed Varieties, for Wild Gardens, 63J. per 1000, 7^. 6d. per 100, li-. 6d. per dozen.
IRIS BARBATA, for Naturalisation and surrounding Lakes and Ponds.
PLANTAIN LILIES, to Naturalise in Grass and to Grow in Shady Places.
WOOD HYACINTHS, for Wild Garden and Shady Walks.
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, WINTER ACONITES, SCILLAS, MUSCARI,
DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLETS, HEPATICAS, ANEMONES, GLADIOLUS, LILIES,
CHRISTMAS ROSES, LENTEN ROSES, &c.
1^" The Catalogue, free on application, gives full particulars as to price, culture, &'c.
BARR & SON, 12. KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C.
Now Ready, Crown Octavo, Price is.; Post free, is. ^d.,
THE HORTICULTURAL DIRECTORY FOR 1884,
CONTENTS .—
London Seedsmen and Florists— Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists in the Metropolitan Postal District— County List of the
Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists, in England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and the Channel Islands— Alphabetical List of the
Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists in Great Britain and Iielar.d— County Lists of the Seats of the Nobility and Gentry in Great
Britain, Ireland, and the Channel Islands, with their Post Towns— Alphabetical List of the Seats in Great Britain and Ireland, with
their Railway Stations — Alphabetical List of the Gardeners and their Full Addresses in Great Britain and Ireland— Alpha beiical
List of Foresters in Great Britain and Ireland— Landscape Gardeners, Garden Architects, and Horticultural Builders and
Engineers— Botanical, Horticultural, and Floral Societies in Great Britain and Ireland — The Botanic Gardens and Public Parks
throughout the World — Nurseivmen, Seedsmen, and Florists, on the Continent, in America, and the Colonies.
LONDON: "JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE" OFFICE, 171, FLEET STREET, E.C
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
617
CHAS. KEBSHAWS
NEW EARLY RHUBARB, "PARAGON,"
May be bad of tbe following Firms :-
Messrs. HURST and SON. 152. Houndsdilch, London, E.
Messrs. SUTTON and SONS. Reading.
Messrs. WATKINS and SIMPSON, Slr.ind, W.C.
Messrs, JACOB WRENCH AND SONS, London Bridce, E.C.
Mr. ALFRED LEGERTON, s, AUgate, London, E.C.
Messrs. JAS. FARRARand CO., 36, Primrose Slreel, Bishops-
Messrs, TOOLE AND CO . Dublin. Kale, E.C.
Messrs. HOOPER AND CO , Covent Garden, W.C.
Messrs. NUTTING and SONS. 60, Barbican, London, E.C.
Messrs. RCHD. SMITH and CO.. Worcester.
Messrs. IAS. BACKHOUSE and SON. York.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY.
THE LAWSON SEED COMPANY, Edinburgh.
Messrs. DANIELS BROS., Norwich.
Mr. SAMUEL YATES, 16 and r8. Old Millgate, Manchester.
Messrs. WAITE. NASH, HUGGINS and CO, 79. South-
wark Street, S.E. [Chester.
Messrs. JAS. DICKSON ard SONS, Newton Nurseries,
Messrs. FISHER, SON and SIBRAY, Sheffield.
Messrs. HARRISON and SONS, Leicester.
Messrs. C. LEE and SON, Hammersmith, W.
Trade Price on application.
Or, direct from-CHAELES KERSHAW,
The Slead Syke Nurseries, Brighonse.
HELLEBORUS NIGER ALTIFOLIUS
See "Gardeners' Chronicle," Nov. 10,
page 591.
Flowering Plants and Clumps of this splen-
did variety, the finest of the Hellebores and
the true Christmas Rose, \s. 6d., 2s., and
2s. 6d. each, for forcing and planting.
WM. CLIBBAN & SON,
OLDFIELD NURSERY, ALTRINCHAM, CHESHIRE.
LILIUM HARRIS!!
(the Bermuda Easter Lily),
one of the most valuable introductions of late years, a long
trumpet-fluwered white Lily, beautifully reflexed, bearing
frequently from 6 to lo, and has been photographed with over
30 fl jwers on one spike. Forces in pots with great facility, and
IS so full of vitality that several and continued growths frtquently
spring from one bulb. It is quite distinct from L. longiflurum.
Bulbs, 2s. each, 18s. per dozen, 120s. per 100.
Delivered free. Special terms to Trade growers in quantity.
HOOPER & CO , COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAOINELLAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
iS'J??. '■'"' ^^'"' Eiving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
FRUIT TREES,
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS,
FOREST TREES,
Roses, Rhododendrons, Climbers, &c.
Large and Healthy Stock, in Prime
Condition for BemoTal.
Catalogues free by Post, on application to
T. CHEAL & SONS,
Lowfield Nurseries,
CRAWLEY, SUSSEX.
CUT CHRYSANTHEMUM BLOOMS
Magnificent flowers of the followine :—
ELAINE, "
EMPRESS OF INDIA,
MRS. GEORGE RUNDLE,
MRS. GEORGE GLENNY,
MRS. DIXON.
Price on application.
HEATH fit SON, Royal Exotic Nurseries,
CHELTENHAM.
TO TH E TRADE.
Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES and ROSES,
of fine quality, grown on fresh land at Bush
Hill.
APRICOTS, 36J. per dozen.
CHERRIES, in variety, except May Duke and
Morello, 2ij'. and 24.?. per dozen.
PEACHES and NECTARINES, £\z lo.t. per
100.
PLUMS, £■] io.r., 1,% 15^-., and ^10 per 100.
ROSES, Standard and Half-standard, ^3 lo.r.
to ^4 per 100.
HUGH LOW k CO.,
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 35J. per 100, or 4.?.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
J!t-^d. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS o'' MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded In 1784.
ADDRESS :—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from i8.f. to 36^. per dozen.
These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
NEW LILIUM HARRISII (True).
We were the introducers of this distinct and
floriferous variety of L. eximium last year.
Extract from Gardeners' Chronicle: — " Lilium Harrlsii. —
We have received a two- flowered stem of this Lily from Messrs.
Watkins & Simpson, who introduced it into the London market,
and which is the second flower-stem produced this season in
(he manner described by Mr. Clausen, at p. 53. by a second-
sized bulb in the possession of Mr. Walker, of Whitlon, near
Hounslow. The flowers are very fine, and evidence seems to
be accumulating that it is distinct from L. lonpiflorum, or at
least a well-marked variety of that species. It does not appear
to do well out-of-doors, preferring the shelter of a cool green-
house ; and it stands forcing well.
" We understand that one of tJu most extensive grcivers of
plants fot jfiarket luis given a large order for bulbs for /orci7tg
next spring." - — _ —
Price of Bulbs of the above and many other Lilies
oa application to
WATKINS & SIMPSON,
Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
THE
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1883.
TREE PLANTING.
THE planting season has again come round,
and those who purpose carrying out new
work or alterations in their grounds, will be
actively engaged in preparing for planting. If
there is a people which can lay claim to being
tree planters, it is the inhabitants of this
country. An Englishman possessing the means
of making himself a comfortable home, invariably
looks out for trees to associate with it, and to
give it the privacyhe so much enjoys, and seldom
fails to make their presence one of his first con-
siderations. Let the place be large or small,
to plant is looked on as a necessity, but, as
might be expected, the result is far from being
always satisfactory. If the place happens to be
new, and of considerable size, or an old one
where the additions or alterations are e.xtensive,
the advice of some one is taken who has an
intimate acquaintance with tree life, and all
that relates to the requirements of the
various species in the matters of soil
and climate, and with the form and habit
of the immense number of varieties, so as to be
able to select such as are best adapted to the
thousand and one places they are wanted to
fill. The mere absence of such knowledge as
above indicated often leads to the erroneous
supposition that any one and every one can
manage such matters. Hence the endless
failures continually being met with, not only in
the simple planting of trees, but in all that
relates to their selection and distribution in the
groond to be occupied.
A healthy thriving tree, it may be argued, is
a beautiful object in itself, independently of its
suitability or non-suitability for the position it
is growing in, or of its harmonising with the
surroundings with which it is associated. Yet,
if this be so, it does not follow that a single
example or a group of the erect spiral growing
Lombardy Poplar should be planted where an
odd specimen or a like group of wide-spreading
habited trees are needed to give the desired
effect, or that any of the above should be
admitted where no tree at all is required. Still
this is only an illustration of what may be seen
in so many places where an absence of knowing
what should be done is coupled with a deter-
mination to do something, the natural result of
which is failure in the effect it is intended to
create — evergreens planted where deciduous
kinds were required, or deciduous species intro-
duced where evergreens would best answer.
The great addition which the last half cen-
tury has made to our evergreen trees has
induced many to plant them simply because
they were new, without sufficient consideration
as to what eflect they would give when grown
sufficiently to show their true character, or
without evidence of their being suited to the
localities where planted. The mischievous
results that arise from such work having been
attempted without the requisite knowledge of
what species of trees to select and what to reject
is now too obvious. Nothing could have more
conclusively shown the mistakes made in plant-
ing than the way in which the big Californian tree
the Wellingtonia, Sequoia gigantea, has been in-
6i8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 17, 1883.
discriminately used. There is no exaggeration in
saying, that three-fourths of the sites wherein
this tree has been planted were totally un-
suitable, and would have been still more so had
it turned out suited to the soil and climate,
instead of being the biggest failure of the new
trees that have been introduced in modern
times. One of the most frequent, mistakes
made in planting by those who are not suffi-
ciently accustomed to such work arises from an
apparent inability to realise the size that the
trees they plant will ultimately grow to. If
this were confined to over-close planting the
matter could in most cases be rectified by thin-
ning ; but the absence of forethought is quite as
often apparent in the fact that trees are put too
near walks, carriage-drives, or buildings, so as to
encroach on them in a few years— long, in fact,
before they have attained full growth— in a
way that would lead to Jthe supposition that
the planters never considered the size they
would grow to in after years. Nothing is more
common than to see the effects of such thought-
less work, where trees placed in front of dwell-
ings, before they have attained half their natural
size, block the view from the windows so as to
necessitate their destruction. Half a lifetime
is thus wasted, and the work of growing
others up to an effective size has to be begun
anew.
Over-planting in near proximity to dwellings
is so usual that its effects are frequently to be
seen in places of all kinds, large and small. As
a matter of course, the trees are planted whilst
small, consequently ofiering no obstruction to
distant views ; but in after years, proportionate
with the increase in size, the mistake becomes
apparent. This often goes on until the more
distant parts of the grounds are shut out, so as
to demand a wholesale clearance. Mistakes in
tree planting are not confined to position alone,
but are frequently apparent in the selection of
t'le kinds. The presence of a sufficient proportion
of evergreens is essential with a view to secure
in summer the contrast in colour which the
darker green shade of their foliage affords to
the paler hues of the deciduous sorts, and
to relieve the still greater monotony ex-
istent in winter where deciduous trees alone
exist. But to get the best results from this
association the evergreens need to stand in
groups, generally in the recesses, or least
prominent positions, otherwise their dense
deep colour often asserts its presence too
forcibly in the winter when the deciduous
kinds are bare and least conspicuous. Such
matters as this may appear trivial at the time of
planting, when the trees are small and do not
show the effect that is apparent in after years.
Yet it is only by forethought, when the work is
first carried out, that the required future result
can be had, a result so different from that attain-
able by the ordinary indiscriminate mixture of
here an evergreen and there two or three
deciduous kinds, repeated from end to end of
the space planted. The trees that surround an
English home or the woods that clothe the
distant landscape, seldom fail to receive the
encomiums of foreigners, but it must be con-
fessed that in many cases the climate is more
to be thanked than the planters.
I
Eucalyptus in Spain. — In a recent report
from Malaga it is stated that the cultivation of the
Eucalyptus has of late attracted considerable attention
in the province of Malaga, which has been deprived
of all but fruit trees, in order to supply the constant
demand for charcoal caused by the extensive use of the
fuel for cooking purposes. Large numbers of Euca-
lyptus in a healthy and flourishing state may now be
seen along the line of railway from Malaga to Boba-
dilla, and in other places, and they are reported to
have been effective, to some extent, in destroymg
fevers in the low districts, which were formerly unin-
habitable. The Eucalyptus trees are also successfully
used for avenues, and afford shelter from the sun on
the roads near the city.
\t\
SACCOLABIUM WITTEANUM, «. $p.*
A cuKious plant. Inspector Witte, of the Botanic
Garden, Leyden, sent me a fine sketch in colours, and
the racemes and a leaf. The leaf is cuneate oblong-
acute, with two teeth and numerous toothlets at the
apex, dark green, with a reddish hue (2 feet 6 inches :
0.9 inches). The substance is rather strong, though
not very thick. The rachis of the elongate raceme ap-
pears reddish, but it is green, with numerousdark purple
lines. The flowers stand rather distant. Bracts linear-
lanceolate, nearly equal to the stalked ovaries. Sepals
and petals orange, with numerous reddish spots. Lip
white, with some purple dashes, and a green apex to
the spur. It is like certain antique flat bottles. The
mouth of the spur is covered by the three teeth of the
limb, which are approximate.
The general appearance may be compared to that of
Sarcanthus densiflorus. Par., Rchb. f. The idea of
transferring this well known plant to Sarcanthus from
Saccolabium arose first with Rev. C. Parish, who
proposed to take the callus as the character of Sarcan-
thus. This I assented to, having a plant, Sarcanthus
armeniacus, which can only be discerned outside by the
colour from Saccolabium densiflorum, but which has a
remarkable septum in the spur. The original Cleiso-
stoma of Blume, 1825, includes, indeed, what I call
Cleisostoma, and which is like Saccolabium densi-
florum, as is clearly proved by the figure in the
talclkn. What I call a Cleisostoma, has a thin
lamella, ascending, fixed only at its base. What I
call a Sarcanthus has a sessile, generally pandurate
callus. It would be amusing if somebody had sus-
pected Mr. Parish or myself of overlooking the
absence of the septum in Saccolabium densiflorum,
Lindl.
The plant is dedicated with great pleasure to Mr.
Witte, an excellent cultivator, who has a great know-
ledge of plants. H. G. Rchb. f.
This plant was sent to the Royal Botanic Gardens
of Leyden last July by Mr. Toekamp Lammers, of
Bandong (Java). H. Witte.
Dendrobium linearifolium, Teysm. and Bind.
Recently I had the good luck to see this neat species,
hitherto only known by a poor representation and an
unsatisfactory description. Mynheer Witte, of the
Leyden Botanic Garden, has kindly forwarded me fine
specimens, which indicate a very intelligent treatment.
The general habit of growth is that of Dendrobium
crumenatum, Sw. There was at the base of the slender
stem an ovoid-fusiform bulb consisting of four to five
joints, and covered over and over with longitudinal and
transverse furrows. The very thin slender stem is
shining like a Bamboo, and bears numerous upright
or ascending branches looking like a plant of Dendro-
bium Cunninghami, with its linear bidentate leaves,
which exceed 2 inches in length, and are 2 lines broad.
Those I had from Mynheer Witte are all twisted,
although they are represented straight in Miquel, Choix^
pi. xxiii., the artist having, perhaps, been stili too
inexperienced to see things as they really are. The
flowers are rather numerous, coming out singly from
a small knobby packet of sheaths in the place of old
leaves. The flower is quite in the way of that of
Dendrobium crumenatum, Sw. The mentum is
curved against the stalked ovary, and projects in a
blunt well marked knob, which is nearly overlooked in
Professor Miquel's representation. The upper sepal
is small, oblong-acute. The petals are nearly rhombic,
and very small too. The lip is cuneate dilatate, or
blunt retuse ortrilobed at the apex, then with rbrombic
side-lobes and a retuse mid-lobe. There is a muricu-
late thick yellow area in front of the midle lobe. The
universal colour of the flower is a good white. The
lateral sepals have two purple-mauve fine lines from the
knob to that part which is free on both sides. These
lines are as conspicuous outside as inside. The com-
misural line between the two lateral sepals is green.
The knob is green. The base of the columnar projec-
* Saccolabium Witteanunt. n, sp. — Caule arrecto ; foliis
cuneato oblongis subacutis (insequali bidentatis) : racemo multi-
floro laxifloro porrecto ; bracteis lanceis ovaria pedicellata non
squaQtibus ; sepalis ovatis apiculatis ; tepalis minoribus ;
labello basi columDa: adnato ; limbo minute tridentato dectibus
conniventibus calcari maximol depresso fusiformi apice retuso
emargioato, antrorsum ventricoso : columna humili. H. G.
Rchb. f.
tion has a longitudinal keel, and is green. The side-
lacinise of the lip have fine radiating purple-mauve
veins. The plant is stated to have been discovered
by the late Mr. Teysman in Sumatra. H. G. Rchb. f.
This Denrobium was imported last September into
the Botanic Garden by Mr. T. Ottolander, of Pasa-
roean, Java, who found it on the mountains of that
country. H. Witte,
Crinum zeylanicum var. reductum, Baker.
This is a new form of Crinum which has just
flowered at Kew, where it was received from Zanzibar
from Sir John Kirk in 1 881. Its special merit from
a horticultural point of view consists in its dwarf com-
pact habit and large showy flowers.
Copiously stoloniferous. Bulb 2 inches in diameter,
with a neck 2 inches long. Leaves about a dozen in
a rosette, ensiform, spreading horizontally, not ciliated
on the edge, I — \\ foot long, iS to 21 lines broad,
narrowed gradually from the middle to the apex.
Peduncle lateral, green, terete, under a foot long ;
flowers four to an umbel, sessile ; spathe-valves two,
green, deltoid, 3 inches long. Perianth with a
cernuous green tube 5—6 inches long, and a limb
3 — 35 inches long ; segments eUiptic, acute, connivent,
1 — \\ inch broad, white, with a red central band just
as in typical zeylanicum. Stamens declinate, nearly
as long as the perianth. J. G. Baker.
BAMBOOS.
In a publication I was reading a short time since I
met with the following passage : — '* Bamboos are ever
fresh and graceful. You must look at the force and
harmony of the spray in Mr. Miles' picture of ' Pity
and Love Akin,' just recently engraved. No other
spray, whether Palm or Orchid, could have told half as
much as that bit of common Bamboo in an epitome of
all the grace and elegance possible in a grassy stem."
This passage reminded me that I had promised, when
able, to give you my experience in the matter of
Bamboos. I am not going to enter upon the subject
botanically, or to say whether the names applied by
nurserymen to various reed-like plants are correct,
but simply to say a few words on the ornamental
aspect of Bamboos (so called), for Bamboos as a
popular plant are even now unknown. A few weeks
since I was walking through the well-kept garden and
grounds o! a lady with great taste and a real love of
plants whose near relatives have taste and fine
gardens and grounds, and in reply to my question
about her cultivation of Bamboos I was shown a
solitary specimen of the most miserable kind — three
or four stems not 3 feet high, and when lately at
Kew I saw the same wretched display of this fine
tribe of plants.
In the year 1S60 I was staying at Malvern for my
health, and whilst there I purchased a very small
plant of Bambusa falcata, then so called, but now
named Thamnocalamus Falconeri. It was not a foot
long, but I was assured it would make a reed- like growth
of 6 feet or more. I have the plant now in the open
ground— a very large plant. Some years the shoots
have reached 15 feet in the summer and autumn.
It is always graceful and green. I have now other
plants of the same kind, and one immense plant
flowered with me a few years since, and then died —
the fate of numbers of large plants of this kind through-
out Europe. If the garden is large it may be well to
plant Thamnocalamus, but not otherwise, as it will not
retain its foliage through a severe winter. The next
plant I met with was Bambusa Metake, a small plant
with two slight stems about 2 feet high ; it was planted
in a favourable situation in ordinary garden soil, but
not near water. This plant is now quite a sight for
beauty, size, and grace of form. It has now iSo
upright reed- like stems, with leaves 14 feet high, the
outer ones drooping down in the most graceful way.
Of this Bamboo I have now many, planted in various
situations, various soils, all flourishing. It is quite as
hardy as the common Laurel, and when the outer
canes are bent to the ground by snow they never
break, but recover themselves again on the snow pass-
ing. It is evergreen, and only in the severest weather
are the top leaves slightly browned. Whether the
garden be small or large, no garden should be without
Bambusa Metake. For peculiar and good effect there
is no plant to equal it except my next purchase, Bam-
busa arundinacea, the true Bamboo. This was an
equally small plant as the Metake when purchased.
The plant has now forty-eight canes from 9 to 10
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
619
feet high, a dense mass of beautiful green, small-leaved
foliage. Since the first purchase I have bought
many others ; all are thriving, and none are planted
beside water. I have tried two plants in peat earth
in a Rhododendron bed ; the shoots each year are just
10 feet, but the foliage does not appear quite so thick
as those planted in ordinary garden soil rather lending
on clay.
Bambusi arundinacea [It seems probable that there
is some error of nomenclature here. Ed.] is evergreen,
quite as hardy as Metake, but quite distinct in appear-
ance ; and, if possible, more beautiful. I have growing
also Bambusa aurea and Bambusa gracilis, but I must
say I can perceive no dilVerence between them and
Bambusa arundinacea, or at least no difference, judging
by the plants I purchased with those names. I have
also purchased Bambusa nigra. It is quite hardy and
evergreen, and the growth much like that of B. arun-
dinacea. The stems are a very dark brown — almost
black. This colouring gives it quite a distinct appear-
ance from other Bamboos, but the foliage is not so
thick and dense as in B. arundinacea.
Bambusa Simoni alba striata I obtained some
years since. I understood it sent up shoots 15 feet in
length, but until this year I have been much disap-
pomted. It grew a compact mass of leaves and stems
about 5 feet high, but there was no peculiar effect.
This year it appears developing itself, and many canes
are now sent up some II feet high. It is evergreen
and perfectly hardy, and suffers not the slightest injury
by frost, wind, or snow ; but there is not at present,
and I do not think there ever will be, that peculiar
grace and beauty which Metake and arundinacea
possess. I must now speak of two dwarf Bamboos —
Bambusa Fortunei, the one variegated green and
white, the other green and yellow. I have them
growing in a kind of wild way encircled by Anemone
japonica, red and white; the effect perfect, the whole
encircled again by Box, never cut, never touched by
knife or shears, the whole looking a picture of natural
beauty and plant happiness.
On the whole, I prefer the yellow and green varie-
gation. The colour just now of this Bamboo is won-
derful— perfectly golden ; the late rains evidently
agree with it, for I have never before seen it so per-
fect in colour. Both these dwarf Bamboos grow well
in almost any garden soil, but they must not be shaded ;
every garden should have them planted between her-
baceous plants ; their average growth is about 2 feet
high — sometimes rather more.
Some years since I purchased a plant of an eminent
nurseryman as a dwarf Bamboo ; he had only one
plant, which he divided for me, but I could not get
the name. I have tried twice since to obtain its
name, without success. It is a beautiful plant, grows
well with me, evergreen, and quite hardy ; about
3 feet high. I enclose a leaf, not unlike a large
Metake.
As the result of some experience I would urge
every one having moderate sized garden and grounds
to plant Metake, arundinacea, and nigra Bamboos ;
the idea that they are only fit to grow by water is a
great error, or that ^they require, to ensure perfect
growth, to be near water. Bambusa Simoni alba
striata may possibly be more fitted to plant by water,
when its full growth would be quicker developed.
A'., Devonshire, Nov.
RAASAY.
Raasay, the seat of E. H. Wood, Esq., is situated
in the island of Raasay, in the Skye district of Inver-
ness-shire, about seventy miles north-west of the
county town of Inverness, and lies between the Isle of
Skye and Ross-shire, in the district of Applecross.
This island is a belt of land extending due north and
south, fourteen miles long, with an average of about
three miles in breadth, and may be said to consist of
two continuous hilly ridges, intermixed with fine
verdant slopes. The east side of the southern dis-
trict of this island is diversified with arable land and
wood, formidable cliffs and huge rocks, interspersed
with neat farm-steadings. On this side scenery of
considerable beauty occurs, the regularity of the sand-
stone cliffs rising like towers above the deep blue sea.
The grandeur of those long-extended walls of rock,
varied by the enormous fractures that have at different
times taken place, is most attractive to tourists.
This division has a mean elevation of nearly looo feet,
terminating in a single, curious, flat-topped eminence
named Duncane, 1500 feet above the level of the sea.
This forms a very conspicuous object at a distance.
The north and west of this island have a most
interesting aspect, but the chief antiquity of Raasay is
lirochel Castle. It stands in a little bay, and was the
stronghold of the Maclcods in days long gone by. Its
only access is up a steep incline, which is so sleep
that it can be climbed only with the aid of the hands ;
Its strong natural position is so complete that it exhi-
bits the very idea of security and defence before the
invention of gunpowder. This ruin is also pointed
out as one ol the hiding-places of Prince Charlie.
The last occupant of this curious old castle lived in the
times of James VI., and was called Eoin Garbh
(John the Athletic), on account of his strong and
powerful appearance. I may here mention that the
island ol Kona, about five miles long and one mile
broad — also Fladda, two miles long and one mile
broad — belong to Mr. Wood.
The mansion-house of Raasay is a splendid modern
edifice, built of the native white sandstone. In front
of the mansion a clearance has been made of every-
thing that would interrupt the prospect looking due
south. The views are extremely grand. In the fore-
ground there is an arm of the sea, and about five miles
distant there may be seen some of the finest scenery in
Skye, including some half-dozen mountains of great
height, beautifully rounded and green to the summit.
Behind these are the Coolins Hills, Scuer-na-gullian
(Rock of the Young Men) being the highest peak of
this wonderful formation. At the foot of these rugged
mountains lies Loch Coruisk, a place well known to
tourists. It is allowed that there is nothing in Britain
to be compared with its surroundings for wildness
and desolation. To the south of the mansion-house
is a fine drive, which runs in a gentle curve for some
hundred yards, then turns sharply to the left, and
runs in a straight line due east. On each side there
are Fuchsia hedges averaging about 5 feet high, and
when these are in full bloom they have a very striking
appearance, being so different from what is generally
seen. From this avenue a walk strikes off to the left
with a gentle curve to a very pretty church on an
eminence. On each side of this walk, and 7 feet in,
there is planted a line of Abies nobilis and A. Nord-
manniana, alternately with a plant of double Corse
between. Round the church there are some very
pretty specimens of Abies magnifica and cepha-
lonica, with a number of the finer sorts of Rhododen-
drons and other flowering shrubs, and the whole
backed up with Fuchsia hedges. It may not be out
of place here to mention how these Fuchsia hedges
are got up. The ground is prepared through the
winter, and about March I a line is set, and a number
of the strongest shoots are selected from the old plants
and dibbled in along the line about 6 inches apart,
and no other care is needed with the exception of
keeping down the weeds. By the above treatment
they very soon take root, and in two years these
hedges are from 4 to S feet high. The variety used
is Riccartoni, and it is interesting to know that it is
all but rabbit-proof. Two of these hedges are in the
kitchen garden, on either side of the centre walk,
50 yards long and 40 feet apart, II feet high and
7 feet through. To see these two hedges in full
bloom, about the middle of August, is a treat of no
ordinary kind. Outside again there are over iSoo
yards of these hedges, averaging from 4 to 7 feet high,
and they are planted along the side of the drives and
walks. To the north-east of the mansion-house there
are some very large single specimens of this Fuchsia ;
one I measured was over 13 feet in height and 56 feet
in circumference. It has been the wonder of many
how the Fuchsias have got to such a size without
being cut back by frost ; and the reason assigned is
that, Raasay — lying in the extreme west of Scotland,
the influence of the Gulf Stream is sensibly felt, hence
the frost is never severe or of long duration.
The kitchen garden lies to the north of the mansion-
house, and is over an acre and a half in extent,
with a gentle slope to the south, and enclosed
with a most substantial stone wall 12 feet in height.
All bush and stone fruit does well here ; Apples and
Pears are uncertain. The glass erections are of consi-
derable extent, and placed at the top of the garden.
No. I vinery contained a very heavy crop, mostly
Hamburghs ; No. 2, Peach-house, fine crop, espe-
cially Royal George ; No. 3, span-roofed greenhouse,
contained a nice collection of plants, among which
I noticed fine specimens of Clerodendrons, Acacias,
Statices, Ericas, &c., with a fine Marechal Niel Rose
on the back wall ; No. 4 vinery, containing Black
Prince, West's St. Peter, and Barbarossa, bunches
plentiful and large ; No. 5, Nectarine-house, with
excellent crop, especially of Pitmaston Orange ;
No. 6 stove contains a very nice collection of well-
managed plants, such as Dracaenas, Begonias, Cala-
diums, Cycas, Dxmonorops, Cocos, and several very
fine plants of Adiantum Farleyense. These are
mostly in a small st.ate, as they are used for table deco-
ration. In No. 7 Melon-house was a fine crop ; the
back wall covered with Clcrodendron Balfourianum,
planted out and flowering most profusely. No. 8 is
a Cucumber-house, with an excellent crop ; Pearson's
Long-gun is well grown. In this house also there is
a splendid plant of Stephanolis floribunda. No. 9 is
a Melon-house in which the second crop was just
setting. Castle Kennedy and Iladdo House being the
favourite varieties. The early Peach-house contained
trees of Royal George, Noblesse, and Princess
Beatrice ; crop over August 9.
The plantations here extend to over 150 acres, and
the walks and drives to over twenty miles in extent,
and so arranged and carried over hill and dale that a
most extended and varied view is had in all direc-
tions. One road, leading west to what is called the
outlying home-farm, is five miles in length. Heie
land is being reclaimed under the superintendence of
Mr. Stewart, the energetic factor, to the extent of
250 acres, to form this farm. The farm-steading,
which is of very large extent, is erected wholly ol
corrugated iron. To the west of this is seen Portree,
the capital of Skye, in which neighbourhood are some
very interesting places, such as Prince Charlie's Cave,
Storrt Rock (or, as it is called, the Old Man of Storr) ;
and still further west is the curiously shaped mountain
of Quiraing ; also Needle Rock, a pinnacle 120 feet
high, the features of which defy description. This is
one of the places most frequented by tourists and
sightseers, and away to the north-east of Portree, on
the mainland, are the beautiful lochs of Maree and
Gairloch.
Returning to Raasay, it may be stated that Mr.
Wood has made vast improvements on his estates
since they came into his possession. A large number
of new houses have been built, old ones pulled down
and rebuilt ; and it is with pleasure I mention the
following. Last autumn Mr. Wood reduced the rents
to all his tenants, and also allowed them to consume
all the Potatos on their holdings for food, promising
them that they should be supplied with a fresh stock,
free of expense, in the spring. It is quite refreshing
to hear of such sympathy existing between landlord
and tenants.
In conclusion, I have to thank Mr. Coysh, the head-
gardener here, for the trouble and attention he paid in
showing me everything ; and I have to compliment
him on the high state of cultivation in which I fonnd
everything under his charge. Jolm Dmmie,
GLASNEVIN BOTANIC
GARDENS.
Coming so soon after Mr. Douglas' account of
some of the interesting things he saw at Glasnevin
last autumn, it may be that the following notes,
made during a visit to the same establishment, may
smack of repetition, and lack that amount of interest
which in accounts of this kind is naturally looked for,
and yet it may be that, as the object of my visit was
somewhat different from that of Mr. Douglas, and as
many of the objects of interest noted by me were
omitted by him in his account, I shall be able to
supplement what he has said with a few notes of
more or less interest.
Glasnevin is so full of good things and rare things
— possesses so many striking features in its arrange-
ment, that it would be difficult for me, although
coming so soon after Mr. Douglas, to exhaust the
subject ; for even after spending two days in carefully
looking through the collection under the guidance of
Mr. Moore, I feel certain that there still remains
much in the way of interesting plants at Glasnevin
which I was compelled to pass over for want of time.
The history of Glasnevin Botanic Gardens is one ot
more than usual interest. It is really such a tale as
one delights to tell of a successful and eminently useful
career. The late Dr. Moore, by his untiring energy
and sagacity, as well as by unusual skill as a gar-
dener, turned Glasnevin from a small and unknown
garden into what, one may safely say, is second only
to Kew, and one of the most famed botanical gardens
in Europe. An account of his career was given in
the GarJeners' Chronicle soon after his death, and
therefore need not be repeated here. It is sufficient
in this place to point to what he did as something
620
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[NOVEMBEK 17, 1883.
that others working in the same field should strive to
emulate. No greater monument could be erected to
Dr. Moore than he himself erected before his death in
the formation of a beautiful garden replete with a rich
collection of plants, and grown as none but an accom-
plished gardener could grow them. The present
Curator, Mr. Moore, the late Curator's son, has suc-
ceeded in maintaining the richness and healthfulness
of the collection, and Glasnevin still remains as full of
interest as it ever was.
Nature has, indeed, been lavish in her gifts to these
gardens, for in addition to the picturesque surround-
ings the garden itself is situated on a beautifully
undulating site, and is watered along one side by a
small river, the Tolka, which winds in and out like
Tennyson's " Brook " : —
" I steal by lawns and grassy plots,
I steal by Hazel covers ;
I move the sweet Forget-me-nots
That grow for happy lovers. "
Many happy effects in the landscape are owing
chiefly to the glimpse one gets now and again of this
little river stealing silently along to join the Liffey.
Close by, in the garden, is the famous Yew walk
where Addison loved to wander alone, and perhaps
where his famous essays in the Tatter were first thought
out. Within a stone's-throw of this walk stands the
house where Addison's great contemporary, Swift,
lived.
Climatically, Glasnevin is favoured both by warmth
and humidity to such an extent as to enable Mr. Moore
to grow many things out-of-doors whose requirements
in most gardens necessitate protection for at least a
portion of the year.
The collections of trees and shrubs comprise
many fine specimens and rare things, and especi-
ally may this be said of the Coniferse, which
here are particularly fine. Mr, Moore has re-
cently added largely to his collections of both
Conifers and other trees, and in the nursery are to be
seen many hundreds of choice and rare nurslings
which are intended for a recently acquired piece of
land as soon as they are strong enough to be removed
thither.
A gigantic tree of Pinus Pallasiana, with its huge arms
stretching upward, and its roots nestling along the side
of the river, is a striking object in the landscape.
The health and vigour of the trees and shrubs in the
vicinity of this river is no doubt greatly owing to its
salutary waters. I noticed here a fine specimen of
Photinia serrulata and a remarkably well-shaped bush
of Rhus cotinus, which had assumed the most lovely
autumn colours and stood out from the surrounding
greenery with very fine effect. We have much to
learn in this direction. The rich colours of many
leaves in autumn may, if properly used, be made to
have as beautiful an effect, perhaps even more beauti-
ful, than the flowers of spring.
Taxodium sinense, Pinus nobilis, Quercus Ilex var.
Cookii were especially fine. Hollies are well repre-
sented as also are the Yews. There is here a collec-
tion of the various forms of T. baccata, some of which
are very handsome. The Irish Yews are simply
grand ; great black fellows, a perfect thicket below,
with about a dozen leaders standing well up from the
massive base. I never saw anything like them. A
fine Wellingtonia opposite the Curator's residence
owes its healthy appearance to liberal supplies of
liquid manure — a hint to those whose Wellingtonias
are thin and pale. My run through the arboretum
was somewhat hurried, yet in the little I saw I was
much impressed by the health and vigour of the trees
and shrubs in these gardens.
Turning now to the borders one finds those plants
for which Glasnevin is noted, namely, the bulbous
and other plants which here are grown out-of-doors,
but which in most gardens are grown under glass.
Here, however, nothing is done in the way of protec-
tion beyond placing a mere handful of cocoa-nut fibre
over the crowns of the bulbs, and the astonishing
growth they make every summer proves that this little
is sufficient. Even in the latter end of October many
of the bulbs were in flower, while the leaves were as
strong and stout as driving belts, and full of health.
Deep planting in a well drained border is, Mr. Moore
says, one of the principal causes of his success in the
outdoor management of tender bulbous plants ; another
being the warmth from the wall against which the
bases of the bulbs are nestled. If a bulbous plant
fails to thrive under indoor treatment it is turned out
into the border, and in almost every case proves a
success. The species grown in this way are Crinum
amabile (which has stood out for seven years), C. ameri-
canum, C. Careyanum, C. Moorei, C. latifolium, C.
Powelli and its variety alba, and C. capense. Pancra-
tium maritimum,Scillamaritima, Amaryllis Akermanni,
Bravoa geminiflora, Ismene calathina, and the Sauro-
matums and Eucomis. In addition to these I noted
Thalia dealbata, Dietes Huttoni and D. bicolor,
Cypella Herbertii, Bomarea Jacquini, and Arisasma
Hookeriana, the remains of whose flower-scape I saw,
and which measured 3 feet in length. The Indian
Lilac (Lagerstromia) has stood out against a wall for
seven years, and has flowered freely every year, so
that the drying-off treatment, said to be essential to
the flowering of this handsome shrub, does not appear
to be necessary here. Many Fuchsias, Abutilon
vexillartum and Xerotes longifolia were also happy
under out-of-door treatment. Crocosma aurea and
Montbretia Pottsii are here perfect weeds. The
difference between the temperature of Glasnevin and
the neighbourhood of London cannot be so very wide
as to account for these plants, which, to us, are sub-
jects for greenhouse culture, thriving so well in the
open border there. It would appear, therefore, that
Glasnevin is ahead of us in testing the hardiness of
plants. We are too apt to conclude that, because a
plant is found growing under certain conditions in a
natural state, that none but similar conditions would
suit it under cultivation. The error of such a view is
easily proved by the many plants we cultivate out-of-
doors now, which, when first introduced, were
thought incapable of growing under any conditions
other than those of a greenhouse or stove. We know
that many plants thrive equally, or almost equally,
well when grown under warm and under cool treat-
ment, and it is easy to imagine that in the great
changes which the surface of the earth has undergone
at different periods, and the accompanying changes in
climatic conditions, many of the plants now found
growing under certain conditions are the descendants
of others that grew under very different ones. The
readiness of many plants to conform to altered cir-
cumstances must be evident to all who have paid any
attention to the subject, and although there is a limit
to the adaptability of plants, we are in many cases
ignorant of the whereabouts of the limiting line.
In herbaceous and alpine plants Glasnevin is excep-
tionally rich, and Mr. Moore makes the most of the
more ornamental of them by planting them in large
groups or '* colonies " in different parts of the garden.
A large bed filled with three groups, consisting of
Lobelia cardinalis, the deep purple variety named
Milleri, and Tupa Feuillei, was a beautiful picture in
brilliant colours. Groups of this kind are suddenly
sprung on one in different parts of the garden, and the
effect of such is very fine. One of the most complete
collections of Hellebores in existence is to be found in
these gardens. The Himalayan Poppy (Meconopsis)
grows like Cabbages here. An interesting feature is
the collection of fodder plants, which are grown in
lines and properly labelled ; in the same way garden
vegetables are grown. Mr. Moore says these collec-
tions greatly interest the visitors. Leaving the out-
door department we turn to the houses, where there
is much of more than ordinary interest.
The Victoria Regia is splendidly grown, twenty-nine
flowers having been borne by the plant this year, and
some of the leaves measuring 7 feet in diameter.
Equal portions of stiff loam and fresh cow-dung form
the compost in which this plant is planted. Mr.
Moore believes in plenty of air for the welfare of the
Victoria, six ventilators in the side of the house being
kept open night and day from the commencement of
the flowering period.
In this house the Sarracenias, for which Glasnevin
is famous, are grown. They are in splendid health,
with long stout pitchers, and well coloured. S. flava-
maxima, S. Pattersoni, S. rubra acuminata, and S.
Williamsii were striking forms, while of the older
sorts there were many very large specimens. The
heat and moisture together, with the direct sunlight of
this house, are the secret of growing Sarracenias well.
In the winter of course they are kept cool. In addi-
tion to |the collection of Masdevallias mentioned by
Mr. Douglas, Glasnevin possesses a large number of
Orchids, all well grown. There was a nice display of
bloom even at this dull season, some of the most
noticeable being Paphinia Sanderiana, with a fine
spike ; Catasetum Christyanum, with two strong
spikes, bearing about fifty flowers; Cypripedium
Parishii, a fine, healthy, well flowered piece ; Cymbi-
dium Lowii, and a healthy plant, 5 feet high, of
Vanda Catbcartii, bearing a strong spike, as I was
assured it does every year. It is grown in the
Cattleya-house, where it is given abundance of water
and full sunlight all the year round. Mr. Moore does
not believe in the resting period for Orchids, but
waters freely all the year through, and his Cattleyas
are as healthy as ever I saw Cattleyas, with leaves on
them like boards. The Glasnevin variety of Nepenthes
distillatoria is worth going a long way to see. It
bears pitchers quite a foot in length, green at the
base, gradually becoming purple towards the apex, and
veined with a deep purple both inside and out. The
plant is about 10 feet in length, and bears dozens ol
pitchers. N. hirsuta, known in some collections as N.
zeylanica, is represented by a very fine specimen. Disa
grandiflora was in its usual strength, and was just push-
ing up new growths. The surface soil had lately been
removed, and was replaced by some good peat and
sphagnum. To disturb this fine Orchid at the root is
to run great risk of losing it, or at least considerably
weakening it. D. megaceras, D. ferruginea, and D.
Herschelli, a blue-flowered species, known also as
Herschellia coelestis, find a happy home here. The
collection of Ferns is rich in rare species, and is in a
healthy condition. The number of forms of Tricho-
manes radicans are especially fine here. Mr. Moore
is alive to the advantages of cool treatment for filmy
Ferns, growing the whole of his collection in an un-
heated house, where, in addition to the cool sorts,
such as T. radicans and Todeas, are the tropical (so-
called) Hymenophyllum crispum, caudiculatum, par-
vulum, flabellatum, javanicum, and many others.
Neither are they at all coddled, for they get a good
sousing overhead, with water from the hose-pipe every
morning, and instead of turning brown, as filmy Ferns
usually do when watered overhead, they grow like
weeds.
In the Palm-house and several smaller structures
some rare Palms are to be seen — Areca grandifolia
and A. piniculata being, perhaps, unique plants.
Calamus longipes is a beautiful species, whose stem
and leaf-stalks are covered with long orange spines,
C. Manni is a distinct and rare species from Western
Africa, characterised by the rachis being prolonged
beyond the blade, and covered with hook-like spines,
similar to what is seen in the Wait-a-bit Palm.
Cyphokentia Lindeni is represented by perhaps the
finest plant in the country, having been long l<nown
in these gardens before it was introduced by M. Lin-
den. Wallichia disticha, Pritchardia Martiana, Arenga
javanica, Acanthorhiza Warscewiczii, and Plectoco-
mia assamica are here in the shape of big healthy
specimens. The large numbers of Palms, Tree Ferns,
Dracaenas, &c.,are deserving of much better accommo-
dation than is afforded them by the ugly structures in
which they are huddled together at present. Such
houses are totally unfit for many of the things which
at present are compelled to stand in them. Glasnevin
sorely wants and ought to have a large house of proper
construction for the cultivation of large-growingplants;
indeed, unless many of the rare things are to be sacri-
ficed such accommodation is absolutely necessary.
The greenhouse plants, and particularly the Cape
and Australian ones, are largely represented, and in
most cases very well grown. In Proteads Glasnevin
is perhaps richer than any European garden. Many
beautiful Banksias, Dryandras, Hakeas, and Grevilleas
are to be seen here, which speaks much for the skill
and care expended on these by no means easily man-
aged plants. A specimen of Witsenia corymbosa
measuring 5 feet in diameter was a very fine sight
indeed, and the bottlebrush-like flowers of the Beau-
fortias, Calliandras, and Metrosideros were hanging
about like great fiery-haired caterpillars ; and in this
strain one might go on for a long time before all that
is interesting at Glasnevin was mentioned. The
Solandra grandiflora, covering a tall wall in a warm
house and yielding hundreds of its trumpet-like
flowers : Euphorbia punicea, whose large scarlet
bracts are as ornamental as those of the Poinsettias ;
the Plumieras, which here flower yearly ; Grevillea
Manglesii, whose gracefully drooping branches and
long feathery leaves and feathery white flowers are
most charming to look upon ; these and many such
might be noted, but enough has been said to give
readers an idea of the treasures of Glasnevin, and the
excellent cultivation everywhere so evident in the
health and size of the plants.
An excellent rule at Glasnevin is one which closes
the houses to visitors at 5 o'clock, so as to enable the
gardeners to water, syringe, and damp down the plants
and houses before leaving-off time. The wisdom of
this arrangement must be evident to all who have to
do with the management of plants under glass. In
public gardens where the houses are open to visitors
for the whole of the afternoon there must always be
great ditEculty in preventing the cold air and dust
that are carried in by a continuous stream of visitors
passing through them from injuring the plants, and in
tropical houses especially is this the case. An hour
or even half an hour after the houses are closed would
be an immense advantage to those who have the care
of the plants. At Glasnevin they say it would be
impossible to keep the collection healthy if such an
arrangement did not exist. W. W,
NOVEMIIEK 17, 1S83.]
THE GA R DENE RS' CHR ONICLE-
621
Fig. 108. — MEDIN'ILLA CURTISII : FLOWER-STALKS CORAL-RED, FLOWERS IVORy-WHITE,|
MEDINILLA CURTISII.
This, though not so striking a plant as the Medin-
ilia magnifica, or M. amabilis, is nevertheless suffi-
ciently remarkable to deserve a place in the stove.
The plant from which our illustration was taken (fig.
108) was exhibited by Messrs. Veilch during the pre-
sent autumn at one of the meetings of the Royal
Horticultural Society, and as shown forms a low
growing shrub with somewhat fleshy leaves. The
numerous flowers are borne in terminal, and panicled
pyramidal cymes, the main flower-stalks spreading at
right angles, are jointed, and of a beautiful coral-red
colour. Each flower is about half an inch across,
and has an ivory-white cup-shaped calyx, scarcely at
all divided at the margin, and surrounding a flat
corolla of five roundish oblong petals of a creamy-
white colour, which serves to throw up the central
tuft of purplish stamens. We believe that the plant
was introduced from Sumatra by Mr. Curtis, whose
name it bears.
The Apple Show at Manchester was, we
hear, a great success, over 6000 persons having
visited the exhibition besides the members of the
Botanical and Horticultural Society, admitted by
season tickets.
ORCHIDS AT BURFORD LODGE.
Each succeeding year finds Sir Trevor Lawrence's
grand collection in the same good condition, while
the addition of new and rare things makes it of in-
creased interest. The great thing of the present
season has been the acquiring of the 235 guinea regal
beauty Aerides Lawrencise ; none who saw the plant
in blooom considered it dear, for Lady Lawrence's
Aerides certainly eclipses all in its class, from what-
ever point it may be viewed. It is needless to say
that it is the great pet at Burford, and its sleek,
contented look seems to promise that it will not be
622
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 17, 18
troublesome. Aerides Lawrenci^e is one of those
puzzling plants which sometimes come to us now that
the wildest spots on the earth's surlace are hunted for
Orchids. In growth and habit it is undoubtedly of
the A. quinquevulnerum section, the shape of its
flower is also very near to that of A. quinquevulnerum,
but there the resemblance ends, for the purity of its
waxy-white blossoms, the mauve-tipped petals, and
extraordinarily long flower-spike is suggestive of a
grand form of O. odoratum majus, but the disposition
of the flowers on the spike and their great size renders
it unlike that species. One thing is certain, and that
is, that if ever a small importation of Lady Lawrence's
Aerides arrives, the plants will not have to go
begging.
Visitors to the collection at Burford Lodge are
always struck with the beauty of many of the Orchids
which they had perhaps frequently seen before, and
not thought much of them, but which when seen in
good well cultivated masses at Burford seem very hand-
some. Go there any day in the year and you will be
able to find enough of such plants to form in them-
selves a sufiicicnt recompense for the journey. Among
those of this class now in bloom take, for example,
the exceedingly beautiful plant of Angrcecum pellu-
cidum, with its dark green leaves and over twenty
long drooping flower-spikes, furnished with their
pretty fringed-lipped, transparent white flowers ; to
see such a plant is a pleasant event in any one's life.
The masses of Maxillaria lepidota, each with forty or
fifty yellowish blooms standing erect like short,
narrow petaled Masdevallia chimasra at a distance ;
the great plant of Trichosma suavis, with its many
flowers filling the whole house with a pleasant odour ;
the neat little Cattleya luteola ; the specimen of the
very old Ccelogyne Gardneriana sending out its long
drooping spikes of snow-white flowers, or one of the
many handsome plants of Epidendrum, of which there
are several in bloom. These plainly say that there is
plenty of beautyin most Orchids, and they only want
good cultute to bring it out.
Specially fine among old and generally liked plants
at Burford are quantities of Calanthe Veitchii, of a very
fine strain, having bright magenta-rose flowers, very
different from those generally seen. Cypripedium
Sedeni, with over thirty spikes, and which seems
never to go out of bloom ; Epidendrum vitellinum
majus, with six spikes, all branched, and bearing from
eighteen to twenty-four flowers on a spike ; some very
fine forms of Sophronitis grandiflora, and grand forms
of Lslia pumila, with extraordinarily large blooms,
when the size of the growth is considered.
Lffilia anceps varieties are well grown at Burford,
and there they are given plenty of sunlight and more
heat than L. autumnalis ; the profusion of their
flower-spikes prove that they like the treatment.
One fine specimen of the white L. anceps Hillii has
twenty-two spikes ; another of the variety, Barkerii,
eighteen, and so on through a great number of fine
specimens of selected varieties, the plants of the
true Dawsoni not being large but well furnished with
flower-spikes. The Cattleyas and Laelias are sound
and clean, with every evidence of a good show of
bloom, when the great masses of C. Trianae send forth
the blooms from the sheaths which they now so pro-
fusely bear. Imagine that splendid C. Trianre alba,
when its ten flower-cpikes are up, and those other
grand fellows which before long will be clothed with
their grand and diverse coloured blooms. Until the
Trianres come the old plants will have to keep up the
show. C. Dowiana aurea, C. Walkeriana (one of
them a grand self-rose form), the many specimens of
Laslia pumila, and C. Dormaniana, which is so
pretty when a good variety is obtained, are quite
sufficient to sustain the interest until then.
The Odontoglossum and Masdevallia houses are at
their scantiest for bloom, although many flowers still
appear among the dense setting of the rudely vigorous
plants— Odontoglossum Alexandra, O. Pescatorei, O.
crispum flaveolum, O. Hallii, O. tripudians, Pilumna
Iragrans, P. nobilis, Masdevallia Veitchii, M. ignea,
M. Fraseri (new), M. ludibunda, M. Madura, M.
velifera, and the many examples of the snow-white
M. tovarense still being very showy. The Barkerias,
which do well in a little cool lobby, are now very
effective, and so are the difTerent varieties of Pleiones.
In the East Indian-houses the plants are in fine
order, even the Phaltenopsis, which seem to puzzle
so many growers, thrive well here, cleanliness and
unremitting attention bringing success in every depart,
ment ; and in these and all other matters calculated
lu ensure the good condition of the plants Mr,
Baxter seems to follow in the footsteps of his much
respected predecessor.
Forcing themselves on our notice among a quantity
of good things in bloom are Dendrobium endocharis
(a white scented D. heterocarpum hybrid), D. Goldie-
anum, D. bigibbum superbum, D. forraosum gigan-
teum, Lffilia furfuracea (true), Angr.-ecum Chaillu-
anum, A. pertusum, Cypripedium calurum, C.
Spicerianum, C. insigne punctatum violaceum (a long
way in advance of any other C. insigne), C. Dowi-
anum, C. niveum, C. Haynaldianum, Cirrhopetalum
Medusae, Pescatorea Russeliana, the new yellow
Oncidium bifrons, some fine varieties of O. Forbesii
and O. pra^textum, Cymbidium eburneum (fourteen
spikes and two to three buds on a spike), and the
beautiful little Pachystoma Thompsoni, with its
showy flowers something resembling those of Laelia
anceps. Burford Lodge also proves that Orchid
growing need not extinguish either fruit or other
plant growing on any place, for in every part of the
garden, indoors or out, things are well done, and
nothing is neglected for the Orchids.
ALPINE PLANTS.
The Silenes. — The genus Silene contains several
interesting and essentially alpine species, which, cul-
tivated in our rock-gardens, produce a very fine effect.
Our alps furnish in themselves alone a considerable
contingent, and others come to us from the Caucasus
and other mountain ranges. So far as their culture is
concerned, we may group the members of the genus
Silene into three different divisions : the first com-
prises the species with stiff erect branching stems,
the second includes plants of dwarf habit with creep-
ing and moss-like branches ; in the third the stems
are slender, erect or prostrate, and little branched.
In the first category are species which may be cul-
tivated like ordinary alpine plants from the lower
altitudes, and which only require a light but nourish-
ing soil, but only three species of this section are
worthy to figure in a collection of alpine plants.
Silene Valkria. — A plant 8 to 10 inches in
height, erect, flowers solitary on the summit of the
branches, large and fine ; the petals are rose-coloured
above, veined with red underneath, and their limb is
bifid. This pretty species is rare, and is only met
with in the high alps of the Valais, where it is becom-
ing rare owing to the depredations of collectors.
S. Zawadskii is a very pretty little species from the
Caucasus, the shining foliage of which, being of a
rich green, produces a fine effect in the 'rock-
garden. The flowers, of a pure white, are large,
and disposed in terminal clusters to the number of
five or six.
Silene Schafla, also from the Caucasus, is one of the
best species to cultivate in our rockeries. The
flowers, of a ruddy purplish colour, are numerous, and
arranged in erect tufts. This species offers this great
advantage, that it flowers late and enlivens the
rockeries when all other plants are at rest. It flowers
from August until November.
These three species are cultivated like those from the
lower alpine regions, and require a light soil mixed
with sand. They are easily reproduced by means of
seed.
The series of moss-like Silenes suitable for cultiva-
tion on rockwork is much more numerous, and con-
tains many extremely pretty and interesting species ;
but they are generally more difficult to acclimatise
and to cultivate, and each demands special treatment.
S, acaulis^ L., forms in our alpine regions
large dense tufts, which constitute a veritable velvet
carpet. They may be seen afar off, covering the
rocks, which they render brilliant with their flowers.
No other plant of our alps can be compared with this,
because it is above all the one which produces the
finest effect. The flowers are of a very bright rose
colour, on short stalks, and cover the stem so com-
pletely that the foliage is scarcely visible, this being
buried under the rose coloured carpet. These
tufts, which often become very old, reach to
very large dimensions. I have many times seen them
measuring more than iS inches in diameter. We
possess one in the garden here which has been raised
here, and the diameter of which is 15 inches. As it
flowers here much less abundantly than in the moun-
tains the effect it produces is less attractive, but its soft
green foliage is of itself a rich decoration. The Geneva
folk call this plant by the name of " Red Moss," on
account of the tenuity of its foliage, and from the
lesemblance that the tufts kect to mujs. When the
traveller meets with these admirable tufts quite
covered with flowers he feels an irresistible desire to
carry some specimens away with him. This has
always been the case, as it appears from an old manu-
script of the celebrated botanist, Vaucher. It
was Vaucher who induced the celebrated A. P. de
CandoUe to become a botanist, and in this manuscript
the author relates the want of success experienced in
the last century (in 1798) by cultivators of these plants.
He points out the uselessness of pulling up the tufts
of these charming alpine species, which are, he says,
impossible to be grown in our plains, and whose
beautiful appearance is not retained in cultivation.
Vaucher was both wrong and right. He was wrong
when he stated that the alpine plants could not be
transplanted to our plains ; he was right when
he sought to prevent the reckless and unreason-
able uprooting of the plant, and when he
stated that certain among them, as is more
particularly the case with Silene acaulis, lose in cul-
tivation the brightness of their flowers. Truly in
spite of all the efforts to obtain the same effect as in
the Alps, in spite of all care and experience, we have
never been able to induce this plant to produce the
abundance of flowers that characterise it in the higher
regions. And moreover the flowers do not expand
all at the same time as is the case in the mountains,
but the flowers appear one after another, or at best not
more than eight or ten at the same time. Having
studied this plant a great deal, I have come to the
conclusion that it is better to raise it from seed than
to transplant it. It resists better both the damp and
the scorching heat of summer ; care must also be
taken to keep it at rest as long as possible by means
of Fir branches, covered with snow as long as there is
any, and so force it to remain quiet for a long time,
and not uncovering it until warm rains, and brighter and
more prolonged light, cause all vegetation to sprout.
It should have a vertical or at least an oblique
position, and in the latter case the niche in which it
is grown must be carefully drained, so that the water
may not remain in the tuft and cause it t^o rot. It
prefers a soil composed of humus, mixed with a little
peat and sand, calcareous if possible. I believe that
by prolonging its winter rest as long as possible by
artificial means, and by suddenly exposing it to the
light when the days lengthen, at the end of March
for example, we might succeed in causing it to open all
its buds at once. The seedling plants succeed admir-
ably when the seeds are sown in late autumn, and
the young plants are not exposed to the air and
moisture till March. They must be transplanted
while they are still young. There is in cultivation a
very pretty variety of S. acaulis with white flowers.
I found specimens of it this year in the Jura Moun-
tains.
S. tvscapea, AH., is very like the preceding species
from which, however, it is distinguishable by its abso-
lutely sessile Sowers and by its ovoid capsule, very
little larger than the calyx. It is cultivated in the
same manner.
6'. Pitmilio, Sturm, is one of the most important
and valuable species for cultivation. Its habit is the
same as that of the preceding species, but its propor-
tions are larger — above all those of the flower, which
is particularly developed, and which is of great
beauty. It is a native of the alps of Central Tyrol.
This plant is rare, and difiicult to obtain. It is found
in the crevices of the rocks, down which it sends its
long waving tap-shaped roots, and where it produces
a very fine effect. Its cultivation is the same as that
of S. acaulis, only it does not like a calcareous soil.
S, Elizalieihie is considered to be the most beautiful
of all, the most sought after, but least easy to cultivate.
It grows in the mountains of Central Austria, but has
not been much cultivated till the last ten years. The
flower is very large, of a bright colour, and borne on
a trailing or reflected stalk. The leaves are broad, of
a bright green, and resemble those of S. Zawadskii.
This plant is cultivated like all the other purely rock
plants, that is to say, it thrives in a vertical position,
and demands little nourishment. I have a very
beautiful specimen, covered with flowers, on a wall in
an absolutely perpendicular position. It is difficult to
cultivate in pots, because it easily rots. Care must be
taken to drain it well, and to water it but little, espe-
cially in autumn and winter.
The third group of Silenes, that which contains
the species with fine thin stems, closely crowded
together, is met with among the rocks and pastur-
ages of the Alps, but they are not really tap-rooted,
and do not object to moisture. This third group
contains a large number of species,
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
623
S, riipestris^ L. — A charming little alpine species,
the stalks of which are slender and graceful, closely
packed, covered with a quantity of little white and
rose coloured star-like flowers, which produce a beau-
tiful effect. It prefers a light turfy soil, and grows very
well from seeds.
S. alpcstris^ originally from Tyrol, is a plant
remarkable for the abundance and beauty of its
flowers, which are pure white, elegant and graceful.
It forms close tufts 2 to 4 inches high, which flower
from May to August, flowering again at the end of
autumn. It likes a light, rich, humus soil, and a
rather shady position.
S. quadrifida^ L. — A charming [littles pecies, with
fine and close foliage, forming large tufts which are
covered with white flowers. It likes a cool place, as
it is met with generally in damp clefts of the calcare-
ous rocks.
S. Saxifra^a, L., belongs to the alps of Eastern
Switzerland, and of the Tyrol. It bears a strong
resemblance to S. alpestris, but differs by the
brownish tint of the under-side of the petals, and by
the tendency of these latter to roll back on themselves
under the influence of the sun's ray ; this species
thereore is not beautfiul except when the sun is
hidden, afnd during the night.
S. ciliata. — Originally from the Tyrol, the flower
is two or three times larger than that of S. Saxi-
fraga, is also coloured of a clear brown on the outer
surface, and closes under the influence of the light
of the sun. It is a very beautiful species, and
well worth cultivation. It succeeds under the same
conditions as the preceding.
All the species in this category are hardy, easily
cultivated, very free blooming, and easily reproduced
by means of seeds. H, Correvon^ Curator of the
Botanic Garden^ Geneva,
FRENCH HORTICULTURE.
It is to Italy that the credit of having established
the first botanic gardens is due, and to France
belongs the honour of having established the first
collections of living plants, and the first attempts at
experimental culture. We devised before others did,
and even now we have almost a monopoly of the
art of training and moulding plants in accordance
■with our desires and fancies. It is in France that the
greater part of the innumerable varieties of vegetables,
fruit-trees, and ornamental plants have been obtained,
and by judicious selection, and by the art of hybridi-
sation almost at the will of those who have devoted
themselves to such delicate researches. But before
perfection could be attained it was necessary to pro-
cure the types, that is to say, species such as they are
met with in the wild state. In this particular the
use of collections and botanic gardens appears. To
retrace their history at least to their origin is to trace
that of horticulture itself : this history is not ancient,
and embraces at most five centuries.
While Cosmo de Medicis established at Pisa, in
1543) the first botanic garden, and three years later
Louis Auguillara inaugurated that of Padua, a young
naturalist, Louis Belon, was completing his medical
studies at Wurtemberg. Smitten with love for plants,
and with the desire to see them living in their
native localities, as well as to study those which
furnish the drugs whose history he had read of in his
books, Belon set out in 1546, and visited in success-
sion all the south of Europe, Asia Minor, the islands
of the Mediterranean, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria.
This voyage, lasting three years, was very remarkable
in those times.
Belon was the true founder of the study of plants
and of their cultivation ; it is to his inspiration alone
that France owes the two first collections of living
plants — that of Rene du Bellay, Bishop of Mans, and
that of his brother, Jean du Bellay, Archbishop of
Paris. Belon introduced successively into their gar-
dens, which were justly celebrated in the sixteenth
century, the evergreen Oaks, Cork trees, the Judas
tree, Agnus Castus, the Sumacs, the Juniper of the
East, black and white Mulberries, Viburnum Tinus,
the Jujube tree, the Styrax, Diospyros Lotus, Rosa
moschata, the Myrtle, &c.
Our traveller took care to visit the different botanic
gardens, and he would probably have succeeded in
establishing one at Paris, had he not been cruelly
assassinated in the Bois de Boulogne, in the forty-
eighth year of his age.
We know little of the progress of horticulture in
the second half of the sixteenth century. Gaetan
Monti, at Bologna, and Michel Mercati, at Rome,
undertook, about the year 1568, to establish schools
of botmy, but without obtaining any really valuable
results. The garden at Leyden, on the contrary inaugu-
rated in 1577, rapidly acquired a certain importance,
thanks to the generous gift thatThcodore Auger Chuyt
made to it of his beautiful collections of rare plants.
At Leyden some years later — in 1599 — was con-
structed the first grcenhoase, for the protection of some
plants introduced from the Cape of Good I lope. Gera-
niums, Mesembryanthemums, iiic. Itcontained, accord-
ing to Boerhave, nearly 6000 plants, a number which
would appear fabulous, if one did not take into account
the fact that in those days distinctions were made be-
tween the slightest varieties, however insignificant. It
was in 1 597 that the first school of botany was opened in
France, that ot'Montpellier, created by Richer deBelleval
in compliance with the orders of Henry IV., in whom
as the biographers tell us, the reading of the Remon-
strances of Belon had inculcated the taste for collec-
tions of living plants. The garden of Montpellier
especially contained European plants, but it was not
rich in species from the Levant and the Indies. From
the early years of the seventeenth century Jean Robin,
gardener and herbalist to Henry III., had got together,
either in his own private garden or in that of the
Louvre, all the plants that he was able to collect.
These collections thirty years later served as the
foundation of the Jardin des Plantes. To him is due
the honour of having published the first enumeration
of the species cultivated in France ; their number
does not exceed 1300. At the same time, also at
Paris, there lived an amateur botanist whose history
is not revealed to us by any chronicler. No author
makes the least mention of Rene Morin ; I am glad
to be the means of first revealing his existence to you,
as I was able some years ago to rescue from similar
oblivion the names of the two du Bellay.
The collections of this Rene Morin, of which I had
the good fortune to find the catalogue published in
1623, were not numerous, and contained 400 plants ;
but the idea that had suggested their accumulation
was very different from that which animated Jean
Robin. The latter sought above all useful and rare
plants without reference to their beauty or their use
in the ornamentation of gardens — Rene Morin, it may
easily be seen in looking over his catalogue, addressed
himself to ornamental plants alone, and sought above
all for the most beautiful varieties of each. We may
therefore consider him as having been the first col-
lector of plants from a purely horticultural point
of view. This catalogue also appeared in 1623 —
the same year in which Jean Robin published his
Enchiridion^ which constitutes the second edition of
his own catalogue. It may be asserted that even at that
time a good number of foreign plants were already in
cultivation, such as the Aloes, Datura, the large-fruited
Strawberry, the Burnet-leaved Rose tree, the Persian-
yellow, with single and double flowers, and Semper-
virens, the American Mulberry; and lastly, the Acacia
(Robinia Pseud- Acacia). Many of our garden varieties
were already catalogued there, such as the double and
proliferous Cherry, the double Daisy, many kinds of
Hyacinths, Tulips, and Iris. The beginning of the
seventeenth century (seems to be the true starting
point of our horticulture. The creation of the Jardin
des Plantes was realised in 1626, but our great estab-
lishment of natural science was neither completed nor
opened to the public till 1634, asDeleuzehas proved.
Six years later the first course of lectures was
given. Guy de la Brosse, in his pamphlet The Open-
ing of the Royal Garden, shows that the other Euro-
pean gardens were at that time very small in com-
parison to that of Paris.
Belgium and England were much later with their
schools of botany ; the marvellous gardens at Kew do
not date further back than 1763.
To appreciate the rapid development of horticul-
ture in Paris alone I venture to quote a few figures.
In iSro the number of horticultural establishments of
all kinds only amounted to eighty-nine, there were
114 in 1S20, 133 in 1S40, 189 in 1850—3 slow though
appreciable progress. But see what happened during
the next ten years, and especially the last twenty
years. From 1S9 in 1850, as I just stated, the num-
ber of horticultural establishments rose suddenly to
304 in i860, then to 343 in 1S70, to attain the number
of 415 in 1880, and it is to-day not less than 453.
Paris, in fact, possesses thirty-six seedsmen, i ig
florists, 29S nurserymen, and this number only includes
those establishments which are devoted to the culture
or to the sale of ornamental plants, and does not
include the market gardeners or orchardists and the
host of retail dealers and workmen, whose numbers
cannot be exactly ascertained. Abstract of an Address
delivered by M. Lavalh'e as President of the Society
i\^ationale d' Horticulture de France^ Au^. 16.
THE FERTILISATION OF THE
RED CLOVER.
[The following remarks, rela'in^ tj the feitilisation
of red Clover in New Zealand, sent us by Mr. J. B.
Armstrong, of the Chrislchurch Botanic Garden
New Zealand, have much more than local interest.
We regret that we can only find space for the sub-
stance of Mr. Armstrong's communication.]
It has been frequently asserted that the red Clover
does not produce its seeds in this colony, but the facts
are certainly otherwise. There are, it appears, four
varieties of red Clover in New Zealand. The whole
of these varieties produce seeds of good germinatin;j
quality, but there is a wide difference in their respec-
tive degrees of fertility. One variety is partially self-
sterile and partially self-fertile, the larger flowers
being probably visited by bees, moths, or other
insects, whilst the paler and shorter flowers are prob-
ably self-fertile, the pollen being applied to the stigmas
by the withering of the corolla, as appears also to be
the case with the common Pea (Pisum sativum) and
the Sweet Pea (Lathyrus odoratus), both of which,
although possessing blossoms fully as conspicuous as
those of the Trilolium, are admitted to be absolutely
self-fertilising in New Zealand and probably in England
also. Another variety is frequently termed the Ameri-
can variety, and, as before stated, it is dwarfer than
the common or English one, has much paler flowers,
which are also much shorter than in the other kinds,
and it is most generally self-fertilising. Furthermore,
plants the produce of those which have been grown in
the colony for several generations are almost invari-
ably self-fertilising.
From the above statements the author assumes that
the varieties of red Clover found in New Zealand
exhibit an ascending degree of self- fertility. Thus, in
the cow Clover, a luxuriant variety, we have strongly
developed self-stetility ; in the ' common English
variety there is a tendency to become self-fertile,
which tendency increases with naturalisation ; and
the third, or so-called American variety, is usually,
if not always, self-fertile. This change from self-
sterility to partial or perfect self-fertility — which
may, I think, be viewed in the light of a degrada-
tion— is accompanied by the shortening of the corolla,
and a changing of the colour from a fine red to a
washy rose, and even to pure white in a few instance?.
The question now arises — Do the forms of red Clover
present different phenomena (as tu their fertilisation)
in New Zealand to those seen in other countries? I
am inclined to think that this question may be
answered in the aftirmative. Thus, in Cross and
Self-Fertilisation^ p. 361, Mr. Darwin, writing of red
Clover, observes, first, that the red Clover does net
fertilise itself in England ; and, second, that the par-
ticular insect known as the humble bee is required to
fertilise it. I cannot entertain a doubt, therefore, but
that the red Clover in England is self-sterile, and
that it is not visited by the hive-bee for the purpose
of collecting nectar. But in New Zealand the facts
are otherwise.
From his own observations Mr. Armstrong con-
cludes that, whatever may be the case in England,
there cannot be the slightest doubt but that the honey,
bee is perfectly able to extract the honey from the
red Clover blossoms in New Zealand, and also in
America ; but that the quantity of nectar is so small
as not to be worth collecting when more generous
kinds of plants are in fiower. I am (he says) confirmed
in this opinion by a remark of Mr. Meehan, an excel-
lent American authority on fertilisation, who observed
that humble-bees would not visit a field of red Clover
when the while Clover (Trifolium repens) was in
blossom, and yet the red Clover fields "bore seed as
fully as most insect frequented fields would do." Mr.
Darwin lays some stress on the tongue of the hive-bee
being too short to reach the nectaries of certain
flowers ; but he appears to have been unacquainted
with a fact well known to gardeners, that the hive-
bee, when unable to enter a narrow corolla, is in the
habit of tearing open the tube at the side, and so
reaching the nectary. I have observed that this is
the case more especially with the species of Lycium.
A large plant of Lycium afrum, cultivated in the Christ-
church I3otanic Garden, every year bears many thou-
sands of blossoms, which are crowded by bees during
several weeks, and they may at any time during the
flowering season be seen at work tearing open the
corolla tubes to get at the abundant supply of nectar
within ; of course this is an illegitimate kind of pro-
624
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[.November 17, 1SS3.
ceeding, but the fertility of the plant is not in the least
injured by it, for it seeds most abundantly. A similai
instance occurs in the common Bean (Faba vulgaris).
The hive-bee visits many flowers which are indis-
putably self-fertilising, such as the Sorrel (Rumex
Acetosella), Cerastium vulgatum, Stellaria media, and
many others, evidently obtaining much honey from
them. Indeed, there is, I think, no doubt that the
bee has a strong preference for flowers of quiet colour,
well knowing that these contain more honey than those
with gaudy hues, and pale-coloured flowers are usually
self-fertilising. As Darwin has proved that cross-ferti-
lisation generally — not invariably — results in a benefit
to the plants, or rather to the progeny of the plants,
so crossed, it appears that the functions of the hive
bee in connection with fertilisation are more for the
purpose of crossing (and consequently improving) the
races of plants which, without the aid of these insects,
would otherwise cross themseleves, and bring about
that weakening of constitution which certainly results
from in-and-in^breeding, than for [crossing self-sterile
species. True, the Rev. G. Henslow has attempted
to prove — in a very able article in the Linnian Trans-
actions for 1879— that self-fertilisation is not injurious ;
and in support of this he brings forward the well known
facts that British self-fertilising plants, introduced by
man's agency into this colony and Australia, are more
luxuriant and more fertile than in their native country.
Now, it appears to me that the facts connected with
the naturalisation of British plants in the colony tend
rather to support Darwin's views as to the benefits
derived from intercrossing, for it must not be for-
gotten that, in this and all other new countries, there
is constantly going on an extensive importation of
seeds from Europe and America, belonging to races
which must be far removed in pedigree from those of
the same species already in the country. As nearly
all self-fertile plants are liable to be crossed either by
the wind or by insect agency there is every reason to
believe that the races of species already in the country
are crossed with those newly imported, and in
consequence show an increased vigour of growth
and greater fertility of seed production. If this theory
be the right one, we may, of course, expect that in
course of time, as the farmers and seed merchants
give up the importation of stocks of seeds from
England and America, and consequently check the
importation of weeds, there will be a diminution of
fertility and a lessening of the luxuriance of growth
which is such a marked feature in the naturalised
plants of New Zealand. In confirmation of this view
I have observed that the above-mentioned luxuriance
of growth is most noteworthy in plants of short
duration — in those, in fact, which have had time to
produce several generations in the colony. On the
other hand it cannot be disputed that after a time the
naturalised plants show some diminution of luxuriance,
though not a very marked one as yet.
In conclusion, I think that we may safely assume
that the following facts in connection with the fertili-
sation of the red Clover in New Zealand are proved :
— I. That the red Clover does produce its seeds in
this colony. 2. That some varieties are much more
fertile than others. 3. That there is every reason to
believe that numerous individuals belonging to the
species are self-fertile, and that they produce self-
fertile progeny. 4. That all the varieties show a
tendency to produce paler coloured flowers. 5. That
the common hive-bee and its variety, the so-called
hybrid Ligurian bee, frequently gather honey from
the blossoms of the red Clover, thereby no doubt aid-
ing cross-fertilisation. There is also reason to believe
that the red Clover is becoming modified in its struc-
ture, so as to admit the visits of insects not known to
visit it in England, and that such modification tends
to render the plant self-fertilising, but at the same
time enables it to be improved in constitutional vigour
by occasional intercrossing.
Anthurium Ferrierense. — Amongst the species
grown chiefly for the beauty of their coloured
spathe this plant may claim due attention, because
likely, under good cultivation, to prove a decorative
subject of some value. The whole plant seems of
moderate dimensions, with heart-shaped leaves, and,
like the numerous sorts that have been introduced to
cultivation, of a firm leathery texture. The spathe,
of a peculiar deep red colour, resembles in shape that
of A. Andreanum, but is flat and spreading without
any ol the reticulated depressions characteristic of the
latter. The spadix, too, is stouter, and of a pinkish-
white colour. The plant, moreover, is a small one,
having been sent by Messrs. Veitch & Sons this
year to Kew, where it is now flowering in the stove.
FRUIT NOTES.
Hallingbury Pippin Apple. — I should like to
ask upon what authority the name of this excellent
variety is always spelt " HoUandbury ? " I have
always been given to understand that it was a seed-
ling raised by the late Mr. Spivey, for many years
gardener to J. Archer Houblon, Esq., of Hallingbury
Place (so spelt in all Essex Histories and Directories),
near Bishop's Stortford, and who was also an experi-
enced pomologist. Of course, if any one can prove
that I am in error I am open to correction, T. J.
Saltmarsh, P.R.H.S., The Nurseries, Chelmsford.
[In a brief search through a few books on our shelf,
we have been unable to find the name of Hallingbury
applied to this Apple, and all the modern authorities
call it HoUandbury, Leroy, in his Dictionary of
Pomology, however, gives the names Hollingbury, as
one of eight synonyms, and quotes as his authority
for it Mr. John Turner's " Account of the Apples
Exhibited in 1818," published in the Transactions of
the Horticultural Society of London, 1S19, p. 328.
Mr. Turner, at the reference given, says of the Holl-
ingbury : — " This is an Apple very well known in
various parts of the country. It has lately received
the name of Kirke's Scarlet Admirable, by which it is
now known in the neighbourhood of London." Leroy
gives Kirke's Scarlet Admirable as a synonym on the
strength of the above statement, the other synony-
mous names quoted being Kirke's Schoner Rambour,
Beau-Rouge, Bonne-Rouge, Hawberry Pippin, Hors-
ley Pippin, and Howberry Pippin, the five last-named
being originally published in the late Robert Thomp-
son's Catalogue of Fruits Cultivated in the Garden of
the Horticultural Society of London, :842. Mr. Barron
is inclined to think that Kirke's Scarlet Admirable is
the oldest name. Can any of our readers give any
definite information as to the origin of this variety ?
Ed.]
Live's Imperial Apple. — An Apple was formerly
grown in Nottinghamshire under this name, but
whether it is more than a local name I am unable to
say, nor do I know anything of its origin. Twenty
years ago about a dozen trees were in existence, then
large trees and in full bearing ; but some ten years
later many of them were cut down for extension of
shrubbery, &c., and probably all of the trees in ques-
tion are now destroyed. Not being able to find the
name in nursery catalogues, I was curious to discover
some other name for it, and at the recent show at
Chiswick I took some pains to find a dish of it. At
length one was discovered, exhibited by Mr. Gilbert,
of Burghley, without a name, and, if I remember
rightly, with a request that the Fruit Committee would
furnish one ; this, however, was not then forth-
coming. Close by was a second dish, also exhibited
by Mr. Gilbert, and labelled " Seedling Apple-
Cooper's Ambition," but so exactly similar in every
respect as to leave scarcely a doubt of its being a seed-
ling from the old sort, whatever may be its original
name. It is an early Apple, very similar to Lord
Suffield in shape, and, as far as my memory serves,
not keeping much longer than that useful kind ; the
colour, however, is different. On the shady side of
the tree it is pale yellow when ripe ; but on the sunny
side the yellow is deeper, sometimes ochreous, and
beautifully splashed and striped with red, though not
nearly so copiously as in the Emperor Alexander.
There is also a peculiar smell and a greasy feeling
about it, which, with the other characters, easily
separate it from every other kind known to me, I
should be glad to hear what is the origin of the name
under which I have known it, whether that is its cor-
rect name, and where the variety originated ; for
although the number of useful early Apples is legion,
this, I believe, will compare favourably with some
that are better known. Perhaps Mr, Gilbert will let
us know his experience respecting it, and it would be
interesting if he could bring it specially under the
notice of the Fruit Committee this season, if not too
late, or on some future occasion. R. A, Rolfe, Her-
barium, KeiiJ.
Certificated Apples,— -In your report of the
Chiswick Apple show in your number for October 20
it is stated that Bramley's Seedling and Grenadier
received First-class Certificates, These two Apples
have been in commerce for several years. If Apples
in commerce are to receive certificates, where is certi-
ficating to begin and end ? In your report of the
Woolhope Club Apple show, Gipsy King is named as
exhibited amongst the novelties. It is in the 1874
catalogue of a well-known nurseryman, not as a
novelty, Philomelos. [There can be no possible objec-
tion to any variety of Apple being certificated if it is
in commerce, provided that such Apple is not much
known but is worthy of the award, the motive in
giving the certificate always being to encourage the
more extended cultivation of the variety so certificated.
Neither of the Apples certificated at Chiswick were
known to more than a comparatively few growers —
men like our correspondent, with whom the Apple is
a speciality. Ed.]
PLANT PORTRAITS.
Anagallis collina var. alba, Regel, in Garten-
flora, September, 1883, t. 1125. — A low growing
bushy annual, with linear green leaves and small
white five-parted flowers,
Androsace foliosa. Garden, Oct. 6. — A Hima-
layan species with oblong leaves, tapering to a long
stalk ; peduncles erect, bearing a terminal umbel of
rosy-lilac flowers. Primulacere. Kumaon.
Angr.'ecum Scottianum, Rchb. f. ; Hook, f., in
Bot. Mag., November, t. 6723. See fig. in Gard.
Chron., vol. xiv., 1881, p. 136, f. 30.
Aster diplostephoides, Benth. ; Hook, f., in
Bot, Mag., t. 6718. — The handsomest Himalayan
Composite, with oblong lanceolate hairy leaves, erect
stems, solitary flower-heads 24 inches across, with
lilac rays and yellow disc. It grows on the Himalayas
from Sikkim to Kashmir, and at elevations of from
Sooo to 16,000 feet.
Begonia Roezlii, Garden, August 25,
Camellia M, Hovey, Garden, Sept. 22.
Campylobotrvs Ghiesbreghtii, fol, var.. Illus-
tration Horticole, t. 498, — A stove shrub with oppo-
site lanceolate leaves, acute at both ends, disc green
blotched with cream-coloured blotches.
Cienkowskya Kirkii, Hook, f.. Illustration
Horticole, t. 495 ; see also Bot. Mag., t. 5994 ;
Garden, 1881, p. 504.
Dendrobium nobile var. nobilius and var.
Wallichianum, Garden, Sept. 8.
DIOON SPINULOSUM, Dyer ; Garten Zeitung.
October.
El^ocarpus cyan us, Garden, Sept. i. — A green-
house shrub, with oblong, firm, serrulate leaves, and
elongated clusters of bell-shaped white flowers with
fringed petals. TiliaceEe,
Fritillaria pallidiflora, Schrenk; Baker, in
Bot. Mag., t, 6725. — A Siberian species, with large
greenish pendulous flowers loosely clustered about the
ends of the branches.
Glvphosperma Palmeri, S. Watson ; Hook, f.,
in Bot. Mag., t. 6717. — A hardy Asphodel-like plant,
with long, tufted, linear fistular leaves, and loose
racemes of small, white, six-parted flowers. Native
of Mexico. Hort. Kew.
Hedysarum multijugum, Maximowicz, Garten-
flora, t. 1122 (1S83). — A leguminous shrub, native of
the deserts of southern Mongolia, with slender pinnate
foliage and elegant racemes of small flesh-coloured
papilionaceous flowers.
JASMINUM floridum, Bunge ; Hook, f., in Bot.
Mag., October, t. 6719.— A hall-hardy shrub, with
glabrous pinnate leaves and terminal clusters of long-
stalked tubular salver-shaped yellow flowers. Native
of Northern China.
Kniphofia Leichtlinii, Baker, in Bot, Mag.,
t. 6716. — A species with the spotted stem of a Euco-
mis, and with a dense terminal spike of yellow tubular
flowers tinged with red. Habit that of K. uvaria.
Native of Abyssinia. Kew.
L/ELIA harpophylla. Garden, August ii.
Lathyrus Davidii, Hance ; Kegel, in Garten-
flora, September, 1883, t. 1127. — A Japanese and
Manchurian species, with glabrous broad leaflets,
stalked racemes of buff^-coloured papilionaceous
flowers and long linear seed-pods.
L1ATR13 pycnostachya, Revue Horticole, July
16. — A noble herbaceous perennial, with closely set
linear leaves and dense spikes of rosy-lilac Composite
flowers.
LiCuala orandis, Wendland ; Hook, f., in
Bot. Mag,, t. 6704. — This is the species first exhibited
under the name of Pritchardia grandis by Mr. W,
Bull, and which has flowered at Kew. It is a native
of New Britain, with a bold crown of brilliantly green
leaves, the rounded cup-shaped form of which, de-
licately folded in innumerable plaits and doubly cut
round the edges, are characters [quite unlike those of
any other Palm known in cultivation.
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
625
MONNINA OBTUSIKOLIA, RevM Hoyticole, October
I. — A greenhouse shrub, with glabrous oblong leaves
tapering to a very short stalk, and terminal racemes of
small blue flowers, each with a yellow blotch. These
are succeeded by small ovoid scarlet fruits. Intro-
duced from the mountains of Ecuador by M. Andre.
NYMi'H.iiA ODORATA, Alton, VAR. ROSEA, Pursh. ;
Hook, f., in Bot. Ma^'., t. 6708. — The rose-coloured
variety of the true North American N. odorata, but
not the var. rosea of a former volume, t. 1652, which
is now pronounced to be a form of N. odorata minor.
Oncidium concolor, Hook., Illusl. Ilorlicolc,
t. 487. — Flowers in racemes, each oblong, with
lanceolate segments of a canary-yellow, and a very
large broadly ovate lip of the same colour. Brazil.
0.\ALIS TUBEROSA, Molina ; Kegel, in Gartenjlora,
t. 1 126, c — e. A perennial species, with a tuberous
underground stem, villous, trifoliolate leaves, winged
petioles, and yellow flowers.
Panax fruticosum var. Deleauanum, N. E.
Brown, in Illustr. Horticole, t. 492. — A variety of P.
fruticosum, shown by the Compagnie Continentale at
Ghent this spring. It is a shrub with speckled pur-
plish stem, and foliage deeply and variously divided,
like Parsley.
Parrya nudicaulis, Regel, in Car/sM/fOT-a, t. 11 26,
September, 1S83. — This is the Arabis nudicaulis of
Linnaeus, and has a tuft of oblong entire leaves taper-
ing at the base into a long stalk and an erect scape
bearing an umbellate cluster of lilac rocket-like
flowers. Mountains of Turkestan. A. Kegel.
Pavonia Wioti, Ganien, August 4.
Pellionia Daveauana, N. E. Brown ; Kegel, in
Gartenjlora^ t. 1 120. — An urticaceous plant, with
much the aspect of a Begonia, and described by Mr.
N. E. Brown in our columns, 1880, ii., p. 262.
Pescatorea Lehmanni, Gartenjlora, t. 1123.
Phacelia campanularia. Florist, t. 595. — A
lovely Californian annual, introduced by Mr. W.
Thompson, of Ipswich. It is of rather loose habit,
with long stalked roundish leaves, and racemes of
broad funnel-shaped rich blue flowers, like those of
Whitlavia grandiflora.
Pink Madame Ed. Pvnaert, Revue de rHorti-
aillure Beige, July. — A variety derived from D. lig-
nosus, according to Mr. Puis, and of the same stamp
as the Souvenir de la Malmaison, but with flowers of
a pale tlesh colour.
POTHOS celatocaulis, N. E. Br., Illustration
Horticole, t. 496, See Gardeners^ Chronicle, 1880,
vol. i., p, 200.
Prunus Pissardi, Bulletin ct Arboriculture, July,
— A purple-leaved Plum.
Rosa alpina, Linn. ; Hook, f., in Bot. Mag.,
t. 6724. — A charming Kose, native of the Alps,
devoid of thorns, but with the foliage, young fruit
and sepals studded with glandular hairs. The flowers
are rose-red.
Rose Cramoisie Sup^rieur, Journal des Roses,
August.
Rose Madame AzJilie Imbert, Journal des
Roses, July.
Salvia boliviana, Planchon ; Hook, f., in Bot.
Mag., October, t. 6714. — A greenhouse undershrub,
with bold cordate ovate acute crenate dentate hoary
leaves and dense cylindrical clusters of scarlet tubular
two-lipped flowers. Bolivian Andes.
Sisyrinchium grandiflorum. Garden, June 30.
Senecio concolor, DC; Hook, f., in Bot. Mag.,
t. 6713. September, 1883. See also N. E, Brown
in Gard, Chron,, vol. xii., 183, p. 615, and vol. xx.,
P-7S-
Stenomesson Hartvvegi, Revue Horticole. Sep-
tember.— Abulbous plant, reintroduced from the Andes
of Ecuador by M. Andre, having umbels of tubular
funnel-shape orange-red flowers preceding the leaves.
Tritonia (montbretia) Pottsi, Bentham ;
Baker, in Bot. Mag,, November, t. 6722. — The
plant better known in gardens as Montbretia Pottsi :
see Gard. Chron. 1877, vol, vii., p. 424; 1880, vol.
ii., p. 525.
Veronica Traversii, Revue de V Horticulture
Beige, September,
Vriesia heliconoides, Lindl. ; E. Morren, in
Illustr. Horticole, t. 490. — A New Grenadan Brome-
liad, with tufted oblong strap-shaped leaves. Spikes
central, with spreading two-ranked bracts, each crim-
son at the base, green above.
Zygadenus muscitoxicum and Z. Nuttalli,
Gartcuflora,X. 1121. — Californian bulbous plants with
long narrow inarching leaves a tall spike of small
six-parted whitish flowers. Nat. ord. Melanthacere.
PARASITIC FUNGI.
The fungus shown in our illustrations, Peronospora
parasitica, and to which we hope to refer at greater
length in an early number of the Gardeners' Chronicle,
invades Cabbages, Turnips, and other cruciferous
eg. — PERONOSPORA PARASITICA,
400 DIAM.
rORDA : ENLARGED
As found by Mr. C. E, Broome in 1849.
plants, and causes their putrefaction, During the past
summer we have noticed this fungus helping to make
a combined attack on Turnips, in company with the
fungus of Club-root, named Plasmodiophora brassicse.
Fig. no.— peronospora parasitica, corda : enlarged
400 DIAM.
De Bary, 1863.
Wor., a fungus we hope also to speedily illustrate in
these pages.
Whilst looking over some half-rotten Turnips a
week ago with a view to some new observations on
^Qaj^lQ ^'-!^,© wis
half-rotten Turnips, such as are now to be seen lying
about in the fields.
Mr. C. Edmund Broome, of Batheaston, was the
first to see the resting-spores here adverted to (also in
decayed Turnip), in 1849. He sent the bodies to
Dr. Montagne, and Fig. 109 is a reproduction of the
original drawing Dr. Montagne made from them.
The resting-spore is seen in the collapsed oogonium,
or spore-case.
Fig. no represents two of the same bodies as
illustrated.by De Bary in 1S63, Ann. des Sc. Nat., vol.
XX.
Fig. Ill is an engraving of five of the abundant
resting-spores seen by us in rotten Turnip (the smaller
circles are the spores of the club-root fungus). It
will be noticed that three of the examples are some-
what larger than the supposed average size, and that
they have at length become spiney in the style of
the resting-spores of Peronospora infestans. All the
illustrations are to the same scale, viz., 400 diameters.
Whilst looking over some decayed Lotus corni-
culatus lately, which had been invaded by Perono-
spora trifoliorum, D. By., we found many resting-
spores of the Peronospora in the decomposed spots
where the fungus had been parasitic. This is the
fourth instance of resting-spores being found by us in
tissues made putrescent by the Peronosporeae.
Nematodes were in the same decayed spots with the
resting-spores, and we hope speedily to illustrate them
in the Gardeners' Chronicle. W, G. Smith,
X400
Fig. III.— peronospora parasitica, corda. with plas-
modiophora SPORES : enlarged 4CO DIAM.
the Club-root fungus, we were surprised to see, float-
ing about with millions of the Plasmodiophora spores,
numerous beautiful examples of the resting-spores of
the Peronospora. The resting-spores were abundant,
and any observer who wishes to see them, will pro-
bably have no difficulty in finding them, if he
searches a little amongst the wet decaying tissues of
HARDY PLANTS IN HIGH
LATITUDES.
In his Forest Lands oj Finland, recently noticed in
our columns. Dr. Brown indicates the northern limits
in that part of Europe of various trees and cultivated
plants. In the Arctic Circle vegetation at its northern
limits consists of the dwarf Birch, the Juniper, and the
reindeer moss, on the sunny sides of the rocks and
hills, with a sickly Fir tree here and there. In the
most sheltered valleys closed in from the wind, the
Blackthorn, Sweet Brier, and Aspen expand their
leaves in the month of June, and at the same time
the grass grows vigorously on the river banks. South
of Utsjoki the Pine, Fir, and Mountain Ash, make
their appearance, but at this place agriculture is
scarcely found, and Potatos, Cabbages and Turnips
are only found in the garden attached to the parson-
age at Ut.ejoki. In travelling south. Rye, Hemp,
Apple trees bearing blossoms without fruit, and Oats
are met with successively ; then Flax, Wheat, Peas,
Hops, and Tobacco in warm spots. The Willow
grows furthest north, after the trees already mentioned,
then, travelling south, the Ash, Oak, and the Lime.
Alders are met with, and Cherries ripen as far north
as Flax, the boundary line of Flax and Hops. Berry-
bearing bushes, such as the Blackberry and Cranberry,
Whortleberry, Cloudberry, Strawberry, and Bramble,
are scattered widely over the country, as they are
here anywhere between Caithness and Cornwall. The
northern limit of the satisfactory cultivation of Wheat
is lat. 62° ; Pulse, 64° ; Oats, half a degree further
north ; Hemp, 65° 50' ; Rye, from 67° to 68° ;
Barley, 69°. So Barley ripens nearer the North Pole
than any other grain. The north limits of the trees
are, in the case of the Oak, Ash, Hazel, Maple, and
Elm, between 60° and 62° ; the Lime and Mountain
Ash, 62° and 64° ; the Elder, 65° ; the Aspen, 68° ;
and the Spruce, Pine, and Birch, 68° and 70°. The
limits of the trees are about 2° further north on
the west coast than in the interior of the country.
The Pine (Scotch Fir), which is by far the most exten-
sively diffused of the trees of Finland, and the most
valuable for export, ship-building, house-building,
fuel, and any purpose for which timber is required,
grows in western districts up to 68° 30', in eastern
parts to 69° 30', and forests of dwarf Pines intermixed
with the Birch are common even in the regions of
crippled vegetation as far north as 69° 55'. The Spruce
is common in forests as far north as 69°, where the
trees, however, are stunted. Dr. Blomqvist, Director
of the School of Forestry at Evois, describes two
varieties of the Spruce, " one of which has in the cone
rhomboidal scales denticulated at the apex, and the
other obovate scales entire at the apex." He con-
siders the former as the principal form, and identical
with the Norway Fir of Central Europe. The
second, he says (var. medioxima, Nylander), should
be considered rather as a variety forming a transition
to the Picea obovata, Ledebour, of Russia. There
626
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 17, 1883.
is a whole series of transitional forms in Finland,
he says, between the two forms named, possessing
no differences from a forestal or economical point of
view.
The Siberian Larch was planted by Government in
1788 at 60° 20', and trees were exhibited lately at
Moscow no and 112 feet long by 10 and II. 5 inches
in diameter. The timber is excellent. A few addi-
tions to the list of trees and shrubs will assist in
making comparisons, and therefore we add the follow-
ing, which are not indigenous in Finland. The north-
ern limit of the Siberian Cembran Pine is 67°, the
Weymouth, 61° to 63° ; Balm of Gilead, 61° 53' ;
American Arbor-vitas, Thuia occidentalis, 61° to 63° ;
Lilac, Siberian Pea-tree, Caragana arborescens, and
the Tartarian Honeysuckle, 65° ; the Willow-leaved
Spira:a, the flowering Bramble, Barberry, Snowberry,
and red-berried Elder, 63° 40'; the Tacamahac,
Populus balsamifera, the Abele, and the perfoliate
Honeysuckle, Lonicera caprifolium, 51° 30'; the
Hazel, which is very common on the south and south-
east coast, 61° 40' to 61° 80' ; and the Horse Chest-
nut, which is frequent in the same districts, 61°.
There is a Walnut tree 15 feet high at 60° 8', where
the Hornbeam also grows. The Beech has attained
the dimensions of a small tree at 60° 8', and grows
into a shrub a few feet tall in a hundred years at
60° 30'. The Bullace, common Plum, common
Cherry, Bird Cherry grow as far north as 63° on the
west coast ; Gooseberries succeed very well in the
same latitude, and black Currants at 67° 30'.
The Law of Compensation for Unexhausted
Agricultural Improvements, as Atnended by
the Agricultural Holdings Ad 0/1883. By J. W.
Willis Bund, M. A. (London; Butterworths, 7,
Fleet Street. Dublin: Hodges, Figgis & Co., Graf-
ton Street. Manchester : Meredith, Ray & Letter,
Edinburgh : T. & T. Clark ; Bell & Bradfute.)
The Agricultural Holdings (England) Act, 1883;
with Introdmtioti, Notes, and Form'. By Hugh
W. Pearson. (London : Hamilloi. Adams &
Co. Malton : R. Bradley, (7a:cto Office.)
These works, of which the last-named is a pamphlet,
the first an elaborate treatise, are attempts to explain
the complicated points of the Agricultural Holdings
Act of the present year. Unfortunately, but neces-
sarily, perhaps, the new Act raises a series of points
whose construction can only be decided by the Courts.
The Act of 1875 was not only permissive, the recent
Act being compulsory, but it differed in principle,
the basis of compensation being the original outlay,
limited in accordance with a scale of years within
which the improvements were deemed to have
become exhausted. The recent Act, on the con-
trary, is an attempt to pay by results, and the measure
of compensation is the value of the improvement to the
incoming tenant, without regard to the original outlay.
The difficulties in store for land valuators are apparent.
The application of this new principle, fair as it may
be if it can only be equitably applied, involves the
condition of the occupation on entry, a dozen or
twenty years ago perhaps, the particular requirements
of the incomer, and other abstruse points. Much has
been said, for example, in the course of recent discus-
sions, as to " the inherent capabilities of the soil." The
natural productiveness of the soil is that for which rent
is paid ; the want of it is the cause of those waste lands
which improvers shun. A tenant finding the cask full,
taps it, or, in plain language, he hires good land,
drains it, and crops it fast by the aid of light manures,
raising the yield of the crops from 3 qr. to 5 qr.,
by developing, and at the same time reducing rather
than increasing, the "inherent capabilities of the
soil;" he will be paid for his drainage, but how much
is due to him for other unexhausted improvements ?
Has he not already had his share of what he hired ?
These questions are worthy of the pen of Sir John
Lawes himself, and we should proceed to quote his
writings if space would allow. As already said, the
difficulties in the application of the Act will be heard
of in the law courts, and much as we would deprecate
either litigation, evasion, or any other course but a
loyal attempt to accept legislation which is admitted
on all sides to be moderate, we can hardly anticipate
smooth sailing at present, when the Farmers' Alliance
has already protested in favour of the sitting tenant,
and Sir James Caird himself has criticised the Act
ftoro the same point of view. ,
COLONIAL NOTES.
Calcutta Botanic Garden. — The following
notes are extracted from Dr. King's annual report
for 1882-83, viz. :—
The whole extent of the grounds has been raised
in level, the necessary soil having been obtained
from large sheets of ornamental water which have
been cut out. These artificial lakes have been con-
nected with each other by underground pipes, and
a steam pump has been supplied, by which the water
in the whole system can be kept at a high level by
means of water pumped up from the river. Numerous
wide roads have been made all through the garden, so
that 'carriages may now be driven through every part
of it. This is an improvement which is much ap-
preciated, as the old restriction to driving acted to
a great extent as a deterrent to visitors. Numerous
foot-paths have also been made. The Bamboo and
mat erections, which used to do duty as conservatories,
have been replaced by three large, handsome, and
efficient structures of iron, on which a thin thatch
of grass is spread, and under shelter of which tropical
plants thrive admirably (see Gardeners' Chronicle,
p. 281, vol. xix.). The valuable collection of dried
plants has been suitably housed in a handsome build-
ing designed by Mr. E. J. Martin, the Government
architect, the internal arrangements of which are to a
considerable extent adapted from those of the new
herbarium building at Kew. New propagating houses,
tool and potting-sheds have been erected, and good
dwelling-houses have been built for the members of
the garden establishment, both European and native.
A boundary wall and ditch have been partly built
round the garden ; and finally, attempts at landscape
effects have been made in the gardens, and the
collections have been increased by considerable
accessions of plants, both indigenous and exotic.
Considerable attention was given to the cultivation
of various economic plants. The Ceara rubber-tree,
which thrives well, and has a quick growth, was pro-
pagated to a considerable extent, and the Zanzibar
rubber plant (Landolphia) has, it is said, found a con-
genial home in Lower Bengal. There has also been
a steady demand for Mahogany seedlings. Dr. King
has been trying to obtain from Europe in large quantity
the seed of the paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyri-
fera), which grows wonderfully well, with the view
of spreading its cultivation in India. He has also
arranged for a supply from Japan of the food-plant
known as the " Soy Bean," for experimental cultiva-
tion in this country, although he entertains serious
doubts as to the success of the trial. A few plants of
Cinnamon, which yields the Cassia bark of commerce,
were received from Hong Kong, but they do not pro-
mise to thrive well.
The subject of the utilisation of various fibrous
plants engaged much of the Superintendent's atten-
tion in the past year. A French mechanic was, with
the consent of the Superintendent, sent out by Mons.
A. Berthet, of Rouen, to erect in the garden his
patent machine for cleaning Rheea and other fibres.
It was driven by the garden-engine and tried on
various fibre-yielding plants. It cleaned the Rheea
and Agave fibres admirably, though it was not
equally successful with Plantain and other fibres.
The machine is, in Dr. King's words, "beautifully
simple," and he has little doubt that, if the inventor
were to give his mind to the subject, he would have
no difficulty in contriving simple and cheap machines
adapted to any native fibre suitable as a raw material
for paper, cloth, or rope. Should such a machine be
successfully constructed, it cannot fail to prove of the
utmost value in a country which, like Bengal, abounds
wilh fibrous plants.
The new building for the herbarium, which was
completed during the year under report, is well
adapted in every way for its purpose.
The Lloyd Botanical Garden, Darjeeling, continued
to suffer severely from the depredations of cockchafer
grubs. "This grub," Dr. King writes, "feeds on
the fine rootlets by which plants absorb their nourish-
ment from the soil, and only such plants escape as
send their rootlets deeper into the soil than it cares to
penetrate. The whole of the grass in the garden and all
herbaceous plants succumbed rapidly to its ravages, as
did many of the flowering shrubs, only the deeper root-
ing shrubs and trees being spared. Even the plants in
the conservatories did not altogether escape, eggs of
the insect having got in considerable numbers into the
soil of the pots. This grub is not new to the district.
It is often found in soil near the sites of old grazing
stations in the forest, and it not unfrequently does
damage to native crops in the neighbourhood of these.
The cockchafer, of which it is the grub, appears thus
to affect manure." By vigorous efforts Mr. Jaffrey,
the Curator of the garden, succeeded in collecting and
destroying some six millions of the grubs, and the
plague has since shown signs of disappearing.
Saharunpur Botanic Garden. — Experimental
sowings have been made with seventeen varieties of
Potatos, among which was the Scotch Champion.
The chief result appears to have been that by far the
largest yield, 6 tons to the acre, was obtained from an
inferior variety of tuber which was procured in the
Saharanpur bazaar. The experiments made at Saha-
ranpur confirm the results obtained on a much larger
scale at the Cawnpore farm, and are chiefly valuable
in showing that American cottons will thrive equally
well in the different climate and soil of the former
district. The coarse variety which was imported last
year from the Garo Hills has not proved a success.
Messrs. Hennessey & Brown have been continuing
their experiments with a machine for extracting the
fibre of Rheea. It is satisfactory to find that the quality
of the acclimatised vegetable seeds that are supplied
from Saharanpur is improving, and that their cost is
less than one-seventh of that of English seeds.
Among food plants it may be hoped that the Soy
Bean may become a success. The existence of an
inferior native congener in the lower ranges of the
Himalayas encourages the expectation that the
superior variety may be found to thrive in the same
neighbourhood. It is one of the most highly nitro-
genous forms of food known, and should prove a
valuable addition to the food supply of the country.
Perhaps the most important class of recent intro-
ductions to the gardens are the various kinds of
plant that are specially adapted for growing on salt
or sandy soils ; of these, the Atriplex nummularia
has been distributed to Mr. Wilson, at Awa, and
Mr. Impey, at Cawnpore, and in both places has
been found to thrive admirably on soil of the worst
kind. A large quantity of seed has been sent for from
Australia, and it may be the means of covering the
now nearly useless stretches of " usar " in the Doab
and elsewhere, with a vegetation that will be of some
use as a fodder for cattle, and of still more value in
checking erosion, and gradually depositing a layer
of humus over the barren salt. Besides this, the
sand bush of South Africa, which flourishes in deserts,
and can survive a prolonged drought, may be found
of use for the same purposes.
Some very excellent cocoons reared at Saharanpur,
and recently exhibited at Mussoorie show, if proof
were necessary, the possibility of raising silk in the
sub-Himalayan districts of these provinces. The
chief obstacle at present is the want of fodder, and
the gardens can hardly serve a more useful end than
by the raising and distribution of large numbers of
Mulberry trees, such as Morus multicaulis or M.
indica. From the Annual Report, ending Alarch, 1S83.
||ri;I|ld J[ott') and |lcauinp.
Work in the Houses. — The season up to the
present time has been very favourable for ripening up
the growths of Orchids, and also for bringing out the
spikes and flowers of the autumn and early winter
blooming kinds finer than usual. As fast as these
go out of flower the plants should be thoroughly
cleansed from all dirt and insects that may have got
on them while their spikes were developing, and
during the flowering period. Where white scale has
got a footing on such plants as Cymbidium Mastersii,
no better time will occur for giving them a thorough
check than now, when the plants are passing out of
flower, and before any young growth commences.
Cymbidium Lowianum and C. eburneum may also
now be safely treated to stronger doses of insecticides
than at any other period of their growth. The first-
named plant will soon be developing its spikes of
flowers, and where these may have started, care must
be taken not to damage them. All strong bulbed
plants, such as Chysis, Epidendrumbicornutum, Schora-
burgkias and Cattleyas that have completed their
growths, and which are infested with this scale, should
all be gone over at this season, when the work is not
so pressing as in the spring and summer months.
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
627
The autumn blooming Odonloglossum grande should
be kept on the dry side at the roots after they pass
out of flower, otherwise they will start to grow before
the days begin to lengthen. All the species of this
genus that require wintering in the Cattleya-house,
such as O. citrosmum, O. hastilabium, and O, vexil-
larium, will not need to be kept so damp at the root
during the dull days as the cool-house species. The
only e.xception to this rule is O. Phalajnopsis, which
should now occupy a position close to the glass in
the Cattleya-house, and be kept constantly damp.
There are different degrees of dampness neces-
sary to the health of all those mentioned above, but
a little practice is necessary to thoroughly understand
their treatment. The Coelogynes will now be
pushing out their flower-spikes, and a few of the
earliest may be selected and put into a little
higher temperature to bring them forward, and
so extend the flowering season of this useful plant.
Keep them regularly moist at the root, but be careful
not to fill the young growths with water at this season
of the year, as it often leads to the decaying of the
incipient spike. It will be necessary to keep a close
watch on the Dendrobiums at rest, as some of them,
such as D. Wardianum, do not need a very long
season of rest to induce them to flower, and as this
species is also one of the easiest to excite into growth,
any plants that may be found on the move had better
allowed to remain long with the general collection
be placed under warmer treatment at once, for if
there would be a danger of losing the young breaks,
which would weaken the plants considerably, as they
would have to break back from the old bulbs.
Imported plants of any species, just starting into
growth at this time of year will need extra care in
watering, and in the regulation of the moisture around
them. y. Roberfs, Giinnersbiiry.
Mr. Cypher's Collection. — At Mr. James
Cypher's Queen's Road Nursery, Cheltenham, in
bloom in the Orchid-houses, are some good plants of
Dendrobiura bigibbum superbum, D. Goldieanum, D.
Dearei, D. formosum giganteum (with eight flowers
in a truss), Cymbidium afiine (allied to C. Mastersii),
C, giganteum, Odontoglossum Alexandra (some very
pretty forms), O. hastilabium, O. maculatum super-
bum, and some fine forms of Oncidium varicosum
Rogersii (grown cold), and highly coloured Calantbe
Veitchii,
Transplanting. — The most important work to be
performed in this department at the present time is
the planting of all kinds of deciduous trees and
shrubs, and as the weather is now particularly
favourable for transplanting, this work should be
urged on with all possible speed, so as to accomplish
it while the weather is mild, and so as to enable the
trees to re-establish themselves before being checked
by severe frosts. Where large trees are intended to
be transplanted, it is always advantageous, and in
respect to those kinds of trees difficult to remove, it
is essentially necessary that they should have been
properly prepared for the operation during the previous
autumn. This preparation consists in digging a
trench round the tree at such a distance from the stem
as will leave intact a sufficient number of active roots
to support the tree after its removal, until it becomes
established in its new position. This is a somewhat
difficult point to decide, so much depending upon the
kind of tree, its condition in respect to health, and
the nature of the soil in which it is growing. Experi-
ence and practice are the best teachers, but, as a rule,
it may be safely said, that the greater the number of
fibrous roots the lesser the ball of earth required to
be removed. In addition to this trench, the tree
should be partially or wholly undermined, so as to
sever every tap-root growing in a perpendicular posi-
tion. The trench may then be filled in again, and if
some well decayed leaf-mould or thoroughly rotten
manure be mixed with the soil, roots will be more
freely emitted, and the success of the operation
thereby rendered more certain. That which is
of equal importance to the preparation of the
tree is the preparation of the hole or site in which the
tree is to be eventually placed. Not only should a
hole of sufficient depth and diameter be dug out, but
if the subsoil is not naturally porous or the position
such as will allow the water to drain freely away from
the roots, drains must be laid for the purpose, and
over the drains a depth of 6 or 8 inches of rubble or
rough stones must be placed, so as to most effectually
prevent any stagnant water remaining about the roots.
Unless these precautions be taken in the operation of
planting large trees, especially where the soil is heavy
and tenacious of moisture, it becomes so puddled and
retentive of water that the future well doing of the
tree is thereby rendered almost impossible ; and as
frequent deluges of water are often given to newly
planted trees this evil is often a fruitful source of
mischief. Over the rubble a course of fine gravel may
be placed, so as to prevent the soil interfering with the
drainage. A quantity of turf or fresh loam or other
suitable compost should be added to the old soil.
With such a preparation, made one or two years in
advance, almost any kind or any sized tree may be
moved with perfect safety, provided the mechanical
appliance for lifting and transplanting it be convenient
and efficient. It is always advisable when planting
either trees or shrubs to have close at hand a quantity
of fine soil to fill in the spaces between the
roots ; this should be thoroughly washed down,
so as to render the operation more complete. Great
care should also be taken to prevent the roots and
stem from being buried too deeply, by allowing the
soil to settle sufficiently beforehand, and by treading
it sufficiently firm to prevent sinkage after planting,
also by planting on a slight mound above the general
level, and by keeping the stem well out of the ground.
Before filling in the soil the roots should be spread
out as straight and even as possible, and suitable
stakes and ties should be immediately provided, so as
to prevent injury from wind. In addition to these
precautions, a good mulching of well decayed
manure or leaf-mould should be spread over the
surface, a little beyond the limit of the roots, and if
dry weather prevail an occasional soaking with water
should be given. When situated on the lawn, near
the mansion it is sometimes necessary for appear-
ance sake to dispense with mulching, and lay down
turf, but it is well if possible to defer this till at
least such time as the tree becomes established.
Should very hot weather occur during the following
summer, it will be found very beneficial if the tree
can be partially or wholly shaded from the direct rays
of the sun for a short period, and an occasional
syringing overhead in the evening will be advan-
tageous. T, S. C,
Take advantage of the fine weather to get on with
the pruning and training of such fruit trees as have
lost their foliage. At present these are Plums, Pears,
Cherries, and Currants. In the case of the first three,
if summer pruning has been attended to as advised,
there will only be left the thinning-out of spurs where
overcrowded, and the shortening back of those which
project too far from the wall. Voung growths should
be trained to replace any branches bare of spurs.
Extension shoots should be laid-m where required,
cutting away the unripe extremities and shortening
the others back to secure an evenly balanced tree,
and to produce fruit-bearing spurs, and other branches
for the formation of the tree. Morello Cherries
produce their fruits in a manner similar to Peach
trees, on the young growths of the previous season,
therefore the pruning will consist in cutting away
portions of the old bearing wood to be replaced
with the young growth laid in during the sum-
mer, also having in view the keeping of the tree
well supplied with young wood all over. Avoid
overcrowding, the fruit will be much finer, and
the wood more perfectly matured if laid in thinly.
Trees that cover the whole surface allotted to them
should have the extreme shoots cut away to those next
below them. Where the trees were infested with aphis
all the old nail-holes and crevices in the walls should
be stopped, and all old shreds removed. Both the
trees and walls should then be dressed with an insec-
ticide either of tobacco-water or petroleum diluted
with water. Trees with scale on them should have
as much scraped off as possible, and then be dressed
with sperm or rock oil ; parts affected with American
blight should also receive a similar application.
Remove the fallen foliage from the base of the trees,
and in the case of unhealthy trees, or of those in full
bearing and requiring a stimulus, remove the surface-
soil down to the roots, and renew with new loam
mixed with wood ashes, charred refuse, and crushed
bones. Remove with the hand at intervals of a few
days the foliage that readily separates from Apricots
and Peaches. Unnail the latter when divested of
foliage, and tie the branches together to retard the
buds as much as possible. Make the branches secure
from being broken about by the wind. Fig trees
should be unnailcd, and have the branches tied
together m readiness to be protected with mats, straw.
Bracken, or Fir branches.
The wet weather has delayed planting on heavy
soils to a great extent ; if the operation cannot be
performed this monlh it will be better to defer it till
spring, but all trenching, draining, &c., for new
plantations should be forwarded as much as possible.
Root-pruning and lifting of large trees to produce
fruitfulness should now be completed. Trenches should
be dug around large trees intended to be removed
another year at a distance of from 2 to 3 feet according
to the size of the tree, and in filling up the trench
introduce some well decayed manure and new soil to
encourage the production of new and fibrous roots.
Secure Raspberry canes to their supports, and give a
heavy dressing of manure as a mulching ; but leave the
shortening of the tops of the shoots till later in the
season. The quarters of red and white Currants may
be pruned any time now, when the surface of the soil
should be forked over slightly, and then be dressed
with manure as a mulching, previously scattering lime
over the surface of the soil, or, better still, mixing it
with the manure, which will, to a great extent,
destroy slugs, &c. Wood ashes and soot are capital
manures for top-dressing fruit trees, and are better ap-
plied if incorporated with the mulching. Take cuttings
of Currants, selecting strong shoots about 14 inches
long, removing the eyes from the base towithin 3 inches
of the top. Plant in rows I foot opart and 6 inches in
the row, inserting them about 6 inches in the soil.
In wet weather prepare shreds of various widths and
lengths, keeping them separate. D, C, Powell,
Paiiiderliam Castle, Devon,
iBrapes an6 Uineries.
The earliest house must now be closed, if not
already done, and be started gently. If fermenting
materials be used on the inside border enough heat
will generally be furnished by that means for the first
few weeks, but if not use fire-heat to keep the night
temperature at 50°, with a rise of 10" by day. Do
not give air if the temperature does not exceed 70° in
the daytime, and syringe the Vines overhead with
tepid water whenever the rods are dry. Turn over
the fermenting materials every morning to liberate the
ammonia, and add fresh as the heat declines. Water
the border thoroughly with tepid water at 85°, and
cover the outside border with fermenting material,
and let it be well mixed together, so that the heat
will not be too violent— say about 85°^then cover
with shutters, and add fresh materials as the heat de-
clines. The Vines in succession houses must be
pruned as soon as the fruit is cut, so that they can
have as long a rest as possible. The front and back
ventilators must be left open night and day, only
closing them when the frost is severe. After pruning
dress the Vines with styptic, to prevent bleeding, and
thoroughly wash all the glass and woodwork, and if
the Vines are infested with mealy-bug wash and dress
them as recommended in previous Calendars. After
the Vines have been pruned, if the borders are dry,
water them with clear cold water. Late Ilamburghs
that are still hanging on the Vines must be kept cool,
and the atmosphere dry, giving air freely on the front
and back ventilators in the middle of the day when
the weather is bright, and reducing it early in the after-
noon ; but on dull days very little air will be required.
Look over the bunches every few days for decayed
berries. Muscats can now be kept at a night temper-
ature of 45^ to 50°, with a rise of 10° on bright days,
with air on the back ventilators on all favourable
occasions, but not much front air will be required, and
that only for a few hours on the brighiest d.iys. Only
use sufficient water at the roots to keep the berries
plump and in good condition. Late varieties of
Crapes can now be kept at a night temperature of
45°, with a rise on bright days. Give air on the front
and back ventilators whenever the atmosphere is light
and dry, but on dull or foggy days give very little air
on the back ventilators, and a little fire-heat to dispel
the damp. Look over the bunches for decayed ber-
ries every few days, and go over the house every week
with a hair-brush to dislodge the spiders, or they will
make their webs and disfigure the bunches. The
present is a good time to start the first batch of pot
Vines, placing them in a temperature of 50° at night,
with a rise of 10° by day. If fermenting material is
used to plunge them in see that the bottom-heat does
not exceed So° to 85° ; and it is a good plan to stand
them on large inverted flowerpots and p'ace the
heating material round them, and then they will not
require to be disturbed when fresh material is added.
Water them thoroughly with tepid water at 85°, and
tie Ihem in a horizontal position until they break, and
syringe Ihem whenever they are dry with tepid water,
and keep a healthy growing atmospheie. jOs/iiia
Atkins,
628
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
^November 17, 1SS3
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Chrysanthemum and Fruit Show at Win-
chester (two days).
Sales of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' and
Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Chrysanthemum Show in Town Hall, Man-
chester.
Chrysanthemum Show at Chesterlield (two
days).
Sale of Home-grown Lilies, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Camellias, Roses, Bulbs, &c , at
the City Auction Rooms, Gracechurch
Street.
Ealing Chrysanthemum Show.
Birmnigham Chrysanthemum Show (two
days).
Chrysanthemum Show at Clifton, Bristol
(two days).
Sales of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
and Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Chrysanthemum Shows at Reading and
Shrewsbury.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms,
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
Nov It f Sale ol Imported and Flowering Orchids,
' ""■ '3 \ SLl Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
tch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
MOND.W, Nov. 19
Tuesday, Nov. :o ■
WiDNESDAY, Nov. 21 ■
Thursday, Nov. 22 ■
Friday,
C Sale of Hai
) Rooms.
°* ) Saleof Dul
(. Rooms.
THE Institute of Agriculture has done good
service by drawing attention, in a very
practical manner, to the Diseases and Inju-
ries OF Plants caused by insects and by fungi
respectively. Courses of lectures on these
matters are in course of delivery by Miss
Eleanor Ormerod and Mr. W. G. Smith
respectively, and though primarily addressed
to an agricultural audience, they are necessarily
to a large extent interesting to gardeners. Mr.
Smith's lectures are intended to deal mainly
with those diseases which result from the
attacks of parasitic fungi. The life-history of
some of these is very complex and intricate,
and in very many cases only imperfectly
known. Nevertheless, if any real progress
is to be made towards the palliation of the evils
inflicted by these plants, a knowledge of the
course of life of the fungus, and of the effects it
produces, is an essential preliminary ; without
such knowledge all is haphazard and unsatis-
factory. A knowledge of the structure and vital
phenomena of field and garden plants therefore
forms, as Mr. Smith well remarks, a sure step-
ping stone to vegetable pathology. Itmustbecon-
fessed, however, that just as surgery is often more
precise and certain than the sister art of medi-
cine, so it happens that much more is known
of vegetable anatomy than of the nature of
disease, and of the best means for its preven-
tion or palliation. The nature of some plant
diseases is pretty well known, but as regards
treatment we are frequently entirely ignorant.
The reason for this defect in our knowledge,
Mr. Smith asserts, is to be found in the cir-
cumstance that we have no special teachers of
vegetable pathology, and that the few men who
have made the subject more or less of a speci-
ality have not the time or the opportunity to make
extensive experiments and researches. Field
crops under disease — and the same may be said
of garden crops — are rarely or never examined
by competent observers during growth. Speci-
mens are, indeed, laid before botanists and en-
tomologists, but often without any information
as to the circumstances of the case. Indeed,
the presence of the disease is too frequently
entirely unnoticed till it has assumed such pro-
portions that all possibility of tracing its pro-
gress from the beginning is lost.
Of late years great progress has been made
in preventive medicine. The doctors, phy-
siologists, and the much but thoughtlessly
abused vivisectors, have effected much to-
wards the acquisition of an exact knowledge
of the diseases peculiar to animals, and of the
circumstances favourable to the spread or
to the extinction of disease. The average
duration of human life has been considerably
lengthened by their investigations, and it is
fair to assume that when we have a correspond-
ingly exact knowledge of the nature and course
of plant diseases, and the conditions favourable
to their diffusion or otherwise, we may become
better enabled than we now are to cope with
these diseases by rendering surrounding cir-
cumstances unfavourable to their extension.
In the majority of cases it is futile to expect a
cure — that must be left for quacks of all descrip-
tions ; but prevention is another matter. Just
as people have been stirred up by the doctors
and made to understand something of the con-
ditions of health, so farmers and gardeners
need to be informed as to the conditions which
must be afforded if plants are to be kept free
from disease. As every householder, adds Mr.
Smith, although he may be ignorant of the life
history of Bacteria, at length has come to
recognise that open drains may be fatal to
health and life, so every cultivator must be
brought to realise that imperfectly drained
fields and rotting vegetable refuse mean disease
and destruction of crop. No sane person would
willingly remain in a place tainted with the
contagion of dead and diseased animals, but he
is apt to overlook the fact that it is equally un-
safe to place sound plants, tubers, &c., among
dead or diseased vegetable refuse. In one case,
as in the other, certain individuals may per-
chance escape, but the general result is that the
healthy organisms are at length destroyed by
the dead and decayed ones.
Mr. Smith's lectures are illustrated by en-
larged illustrations specially prepared for the
purpose, and drawn to a uniform scale direct
from Nature, so that they are no mere copies
from other peoples' books, but the result of
actual personal investigation. Mr. S.mith will
indicate in what points his observations coin-
cide with those of others, and wherein they
differ. We hope to be able to give an abstract
of such subjects in Mr. Smith's lectures as have
not already been treated of in these pages. One
thing we expect will come out clearly, and that
is the absolute necessity for fostering original
research. Competent observers and experi-
menters must live, like other people, and under
proper regulation their services would be so
valuable to the community that the " Endow-
ment of Research " should form a charge as
necessary to be provided for as the butcher's
bill.
Euphorbia canariensis. — It is difficult at
6rst sight to realise that the plant here represented (fig.
112) can be a near ally of the common Spurges of our
fields and woods. Nevertheless, an examination of
the flowers would at once show the real aftinity of the
plants. It affords an excellent illustration of the fact,
well known to botanists, that what gardeners call
habit, or general appearance, is very often extremely
misleading. Most persons would probably consider
this to be a Cactus of some sort — an illusion which
would of course be instantly dispelled were the flowers
visible. In doubtful cases a prick of a pin is sufficient
to show the difference, for if it be a Euphorbia a
milky juice at once exudes from the puncture, while if
it be a Cactus the fluid is transparent. Those more
concerned with picturesque effect than with botanical
affinity will see much to admire in the quaint aspect
of the plant, well shown in our illustration. When
growing in its native locality the tall, stiff can-
delabra-like trees shoot up from amid the bare rocks
of Teneriffe, fringing the edges of the precipices,
and adding to the weird appearance of the scene.
The effect produced may be, in considerable measure,
judged of by a visit to the Succulent-house at Kew,
one end of which is occupied with fine specimens of
the present plant, and several of its near neighbours.
The contrast it affords with arborescent vegetation and
with the stiff, bold foliage of the Zamias is shown in
our illustration, prepared from the photograph of a
plant growing in the Botanic Garden of Cape Town,
and for which we are indebted to the Director, Mr,
McOwan.
Denny Memorial. — We are requested to
ask those who have not yet paid their promised sub-
scriptions to this memorial, alluded to at p. 534, to
do so without delay. The Treasurer is W. B. Kel-
LOCK, Esq., Stamford Hill, N.
The Potato Disease. — Mr. George
Murray, of the natural history department of the
British Museum, is announced to deliver a lecture on
the Potato Disease at the Parkes Museum of Hygiene,
Margaret Street, Regent Street, on the 22d inst. at
8 P.M.
Nice International Exhibition.— We
are informed that the date at which proposed entries
in the horticultural section must be made has been
extended to November 20. The Secretary is M.
Feli.x Martin, Nice, to whom all communications
should be addressed.
Completion of the "Refugium Bo-
TANICUM." — It will be remembered that this work
was left in an unfinished state on the death of the late
Mr. Wilson Saunders. Three parts are now
before us, which complete the five volumes. Two
parts are entirely occupied with Orchids, including
plates 97 to 144 inclusive, for which the text has been
prepared by Professor Reichenbach. The third
part contains plates 337 to 360, devoted to a miscel-
laneous assemblage of plants described by Mr. Baker,
with cultural remarks by Mr, Saunders. In order
to make the record complete we shall enumerate the
several plants in our list of Plant Portraits.
The Genus Macrozamia. — Mr. Charles
Moore, the Director of the Sydney Botanic Garden,
kindly sends us some notes on the species of this
genus, collected by himself in New South Wales.
Several of the species have been illustrated in these
columns at various times, so that Mr, Moore's
remarks will be of special interest, and we hope to
recur to them on some future occasion.
Sales of Nursery Stock. — It may be
accepted as a truism that whilst the numerous plant
sales now advertised show the time of year, the season
also necessitates the sales. We are having a time
singularly favourable to planting, and in that respect
alone there should be a good time for the vendors who
find in auctions profitable methods of clearing off a
large quantity of good saleable stock. Auction facili-
ties and the exigencies of trade seem to have made
these annual sales both popular and essential methods
of disposal, the suspicion that once attached to them,
and, perchance, also their assumed unfortunate pecu-
niary associations, no longer exist, and trade firms of
the highest status and respectability now invoke the
aid of the auctioneer without hesitancy or discredit.
That these sales are so popular shows that, as a rule,
they answer, but to be so successful it is evident that
whilst the vendor is satisfied, the public, who are in
the end the chief consumers of plants of all kinds, find
them also to be of service. We may well wonder
what becomes of the millions of plants, trees, and
shrubs raised annually in this country, and even marvel
that such vast quantities should finii purchasers. Still
they do, and in such pleasant result we see good evi-
dences of the expansion of horticultural life and taste
in the community. Just as now nurserymen and
florists find good business through sales, so do we see
in the large number of purchasers proof that the nation
is not becoming poorer, for of all pleasures or luxuries
incidental to wealth gardening is the first to suffer
should trade depression come. Horticulture may be
said to be an excellent trade barometer, it quickly
indicates what are its fluctuations, but the present
time at least is both peaceful and profitable, and
whilst such is the case horticulture will grow ard
prosper also.
Cuttings of Zonal Pelargoniums. —
Cuttings of these made from well ripened hard wood
and allowed to remain out of the soil for two or three
days before placing them in it, if put into we I
drained pots of a light sandy soil, used fairly moist,
and pressed firmly about the cuttings, will make good
plants by next spring. This practice may be con -
mended to those who have little convenience in the
way of glass structures, and it has been found that
such cuttings root during the winter, or if they do
not put forth roots they become " callused," and
root freely in early spring. Cuttings put in much
earlier make a soft, sappy growth, that is very liable
to rot during winter in a cool-house. On a warm
shelf, and covered with newspapers in severe weather,
cuttings of zonal Pelargoniums may be preserved
with much safety, and with comparatively little
trouble.
Premature Flowering. — Adverting again
to this subject, of which we gave an explana-
tion in a former issue, a correspondent kindly
sends us a bunch of Lilac and Laburnum blos-
soms, gathered last week in the Clifton Gardens,
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
629
Fig. 112. — EUPHORBIA CANARIENSIS IN THE BOTANIC GARDEN, CAPE TOWN. (SEE P. 628.)
Folkestone, within a gunshot of the sea, on the high
cliff. Hundreds of trusses of flowers of each were
there to be seen, many open, and many more to come
out soon should the weather keep mild. Mignonette,
Heliotrope, Pelargoniums, Violets, Lobelia, &c., are
also in full bloom.
Gardeners' Societies. — The letter of
" R, D." at p, 600 of our last issue, has brought us a
communication from Mr. W. Swan, of Oakley,
Fallowfield, the Honorary Secretary of a " Horti-
cultural Mutual Improvement Society," which was
established about a month ago, under the auspices
of the Royal Botanical and Horticultural Society of
Manchester, and of which Mr. Bruce Findlay is the
President, and Mr. R. Tait, Treasurer. The meet-
ings of the society are arranged to be held once a
fortnight during the months of November, December,
January, and February ; and the minimum charge
for membership is 2j. 61/. per annum. The first
meeting was held on the 8th inst., in one of the rooms
of the old Town Hall, King Street, when there was a
large attendance of members, the subject of the lecture
being "Poisonous and Medicinal Plants," and the
lecturer Mr. Leo Grindon, who said that botanists
had ascertained through the medium of living speci-
mens in the country, and more particularly through
630
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[November 17, 18
the medium of dry specimens brought from foreign
countries, that there are no fewer than about 100,000
different flower-bearing plants. At a liberal estimate
the number of plants which could be said to be of
direct service to mankind would not amount to more
than 10,000. There would be 500 different kinds of
fruit trees, then all sorts of vegetables, trees supplying
timber, and plants which give material for the manu-
facture of clothing — cotton, hemp, flax, and so on.
The greater portion of the remainder of the plants
were ornamental, but to his mind every bit as useful
as the economic ones. As nearly as he could estimate
there might be some 5000 plants which were more
or less poisonous and hurtful, some of them very much
and others only moderately so. The most important
fact of all was that a large proportion of the deadly
plants with which we are acquainted are admirable
medicines in the hands of a clever physician who
knows how to administer them in proper quantities
and at proper times. We may, therefore, look upon
poisonous plants and accept them as the good gifts of
Providence, intended to be applied to certain purposes.
Mr. Bruce Findlay will read a paper on "A plant,
what is it ? " at next Thursday's meeting.
The " CovENT Garden " Lifeboat. —
On the 3d of the present month the new " Covent
Garden " lifeboat was launched with great success
in presence of the Mayor of Yarmouth and a large
company of friends and supporters of the Life-
boat Institution, including Mr. T. A. Dickson, Mr.
H. R. Buck, Mr. S. J. Pallant, Mr. C. Denton,
and Mr. J. Webber, members of the Covent Garden
committee, of which Mr. Webber was the Honorary
Secretary, and who, in the name of the committee,
handed over the new lifeboat into the keeping of the
Yarmouth and Caister Branch of the National Life-
boat Institution, with the remark that he was sure
the boat would be safe in their keeping, and would
be launched whenever a signal of distress was ob-
served. The Mayor, on behalf of the lifeboat com-
mittee, thanked the Covent Garden committee for
their munificence. He assured them that the new
boat would be perfectly safe in the hands of the
Caister beachmen, than whom a braver set of men
did not exist on the coast.
Fungi on Foreign Grape Vines in
America. — The following very interesting communi-
cation has been received from Dr. Taylor of the
Department of Agriculture, Washington, dated
October 28 : — "This summer, and at this moment,
100 foreign Grape Vines of 100 varieties are, so to
say, covered with the perithecia of an erysiphoid
fungus of which I enclose specimens. I am fully
aware that many of the American varieties and some
of the species have the form Uncinula on them, but I
am not aware that any one has ever found any form,
subgenus, or species of this character on the foreign
Grape Vines. You are, I suppose, aware that in
North America the foreign Grape Vine is grown
wholly under glass structures. The Oidium Tuckeri
is quite common on the foreign Vine. Within twelve
years our foreign Vines were affected alike. I have
watched each year since 1871 but no perithecia were
seen." On examination of the specimens we find the
Uncinula, as far as we can see, to be identical with
U. spiralis. Berk, and Curtis, having the same long
appendage, the tips of which are distinctly spiral
tips and not merely hooked. This species was sent
to us by Mr. Curtis on leaves of Vitis Labrusca. As
far .as we are aware, like Dr. Tavlor, no perithe-
cium has ever been developed on European Vine, on
which the Oidium is so common and destructive.
Pycnidia have been found by A:mici, but no peri-
thecia. It is, therefore, certainly curious that
perithecia should have developed in America under
glass, and still more so that it should be a specimen
which occurs on the well known Vitis Labrusca. As
that Uncinula is not known in Europe we cannot
. suppose that it arises from the historical Oidium
Tuckeri. With the Vine leaves there was a leaf of some
American Vitis thickly clothed with Capnodium elon-
g.atum. Berk, and Desm. It should be mentioned
that I found on the same leaf with the Uncinula a
smgle perithecium, in an imperfect state, of some
Phyllactinia. M. J. B.
DlMORPHANTHUS MANDSHUKICUS. — Year
by year, in the pleasure-grounds at Kew, or elsewhere
in the shrubberies, this noble-looking plant throws
out its immense panicles of flowers, which seen against
the broad handsomely bipinnate leaves in the fading
autumn months is more suggestive of the robust and
vigorous growth of summer. Although individually
small, these flowers in the aggregate at some little
distance resemble the snowy masses of such as Spiraea
Lindleyana, or S. arisfolia. The plant is perfectly
hardy and deciduous, but retains its beautiful
foliage till late in the season, and whether in flower
or not, deserves a prominent place in the shrubbery ;
and were it not for its naked stems in winter, it would
constitute a bold and telling specimen for the lawn.
These stems, being straight and unbranched in the
young state, present the singular appearance of stakes
stuck in the ground. The plant is also known as
Aralia chinensis, and together with some others forms
a subgenus or section of the large and varied genus
Aralia.
COPROSMA LDCIDA. — Outside of botanic
gardens (with the exception of C. Baueriana and its
variegated varieties) the members of this genus seem
little if at all known. Several species have been
introduced from New Zealand, and are so hardy that
C. Baueriana and C. Cunninghamii will live, and
even flower, under the protection of a wall. The
flowers are small and insignilicant, for which the
leathery evergreen leaves are some compensation ;
but their chief value from a horticultural point of view
lies in those sorts having variegated foliage, or, as in
the present instance, having highly coloured and
attractive berries. In the winter garden at Kew a
large plant is conspicuous amidst the surrounding
greenery by its clusters of small scarlet berries, which
seem to weigh down the small twiggy shoots by their
abundance. This it seems to do annually with a
regularity that would make it worth the general culti-
vator's attention as a conservatory plant.
Mr. William Falconer. — The American
Gardeners' Monthly sympathises with the Cambridge
(Mass.) Botanic Garden on its loss of Mr. William
Falconer, its Curator, who is reported to have been
engaged by Mr. Charles A. Dana as his gardener
at Glen Cove. Many of our readers will remember
Mr. Falconer as a young man of great promise who
was well known to horticulturists in London a few
years ago, and whom they will wish all success in his
new undertaking.
A New Raceof Winter Flowering Carna-
tions.— This remark may be correctly applied to a
group of Tree Carnations exhibited by Messrs. Hooper
&Co., Centre Row, Covent Garden, at the meeting of
the Floral Committee at South Kensington on the
ijlh inst. There were so ne three dozen plants of the
following varieties: — Irma, bright purplish rose;
Purity, white ; Zouave, deep crimson ; and Jean
Sisley, sulphur, flaked crimson and rose. They are
of the dwarf, free-branching type known as A. Alle-
gatiere, but in some respects dwarfer, and singularly
free of bloom ; and it would appear that they can be
easily grown in pots, the bulk of the plants shown
being from cuttings struck in the spring, and some of
them— the larger and taller — being two years older.
That such fine bushy, vigorous plants should have
been produced in the space of eight or nine months
speaks volumes in favour of their free growth ; and
they were full of bloom, and with numbers of succes-
sional buds showing themselves. This race will
be found of much value for autumn and winter
cultivation, and with them there will be no
difficulty in having blooms of Carnations all the
year round.
The Week. — Now that the Apple Congress
is over, and that the special Chrysanthemum shows
absorb the interest in those flowers, it might be
thought that the last meeting of the Royal Horticul-
tural Society would have been, to say the least, flat.
Nothing, indeed, can be imagined more dreary than
the empty halls so recently devoted to the " Fisheries "
— the broken lamps, the banks and lawns denuded of
all turf, the indescribable medley of refuse packages.
But this was to have been expected. What was not
expected, perhaps, was the interesting display in the
conservatory, although indeed long experience of the
Tuesday meetings ought to have told us that these
meetings never lack some interest. — We do not
know if the single Chrysanthemums shown by
Mr. Cannell foreshadow, as he seems to think
they will do, " a new departure " — a reversion to the
old order, we should have thought ; in any case,
there is no doubt whatever that the luminousness and
brilliancy of the flower is enhanced by allowing the
yellow disc to be seen. Of course florists will not
agree to this, nor will they or ought they to assent to
the ragged, unsymmetrical ray florets ; but if Messrs.
Cannell's forecast be true, improvements in these
particulars will soon be forthcoming. — The new plants
exhibited by Messrs. Veitch & Bull were, as they
always are, of interest to the few. It may be five or
ten years before the great British public can be
brought to see their charms. The great British
public is a very incomprehensible body, and it is
clearly not always an advantage to be beforehand
with it. " New Plants," described by our forefathers
or by ourselves years ago and forgotten, come before
the present generation; a furore is made, and
the services of those who have gone before are
ignored, and their results appropriated by novices
and brought out as new. — Hybrid Sarracenias are in-
teresting no doubt, as all such productions are, but
from a purely decorative point of view it is doubtful
whether some of the crosses are any improvement on
the originals. Still they are, or may be, the starting
points of some new forms, and should be encouraged
accordingly. It is another mysterious circumstance
that the flowers of these plants should attract so little
attention, and yet they are to the full as extraordinary
and even more attractive than the pitchers. Some
day they will come to the front as something quite new.
— With regard to the Potato disease, it was pointed
out at the Scientific Committee that the tubes emitted
from the bud-spores (conidia) could not, or at least
had never been seen to penetrate the thick, corky
layer, by which the surface of the tuber is invested.
What, then, becomes of M. Jensen's theory ? Again,
as to the alleged " sclerotia," to which attention was
called by Mr. A. S. Wilson, it now appears that these
bodies are only masses of oxalate of lime, and so falls
another theory. It is a subject for inquiry, however,
whether the calcic oxalate may not in some way or
another be connected with the fungus, for it is well
known that crystals of this substance occur in some
fungi. — The rediscovery of NarcissusviridiflorusbyMr.
Maw is also a matter of considerable interest, and is
alluded to elsewhere. — The Grapes shown by Mr. Allan
were wonderful for size, but we do not think many
would grow Colmar for flavour if they could get any-
thing else. — Chrysanthemum shows are the order of the
day, and they afibrd something to look at for the
florist pure and simple, as well as for the lover of
fancy flowers and morphological curiosities. The
diverse utility of the Chrysanthemum, from July to
January, is one of the special points in its favour. —
At the dinner of one of the City companies, not
unconnected with horticulture, the guests were
insulted by being presented with calico Roses for
their buttonholes. We have every wish to encourage
honest industry, but when it comes to wearing calico
Roses when fresh flowers may be had, it is time for
the horticulturists to protest. Better nothing at all
than such abominations. — The lectures on Plant
Diseases are alluded to elsewhere as a step in the
right direction. — Mr. Findlay may well think the
successful Apple show, held under his management at
Manchester, is a similar step in advance; and lastly,
we are glad to chronicle the fact that the Inter-
national Forestry Exhibition, in Edinburgh, is likely
to be a great success. — The question whether this
country ought or ought not to become a party to the
Phylloxera Convention is well worthy of careful con-
sideration by our nurserymen. In the meantime we
do not deserve the castigation administered by the
Gardeners' Monthly, who assumes that this country
has entered the Convention. The Gardeners' Monthly
ought to know that no one has been more outspoken
as to the folly and futility ol the Phylloxera laws than
ourselves.
The Paraguay Flora. — M. Marc
Micheli has recently issued a monograph of the
Leguminosas of Paraguay, mainly founded on the
collections of JL Balansa, Twenty-four quarto
lithographs illustrate the text.
Presentation to Mr. James Beveridge.
— The Langside Horticultural Association, together
withanumber of friends, entertained Mr. Beveridge,
who has acted as their President during the last
year, to a complimentary supper on the even-
ing of the 9th inst., in the Langside Academy,
near Glasgow, on the occasion of his leaving the
district to take charge of the gardens of Arch.
November 17, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
631
CoATES, Esq., Woodside, Paisley. After supper, to
which over fifty gentlemen sat down, Mr. James
Thomson, grandson of the poet Burns, in a most
eulogistic speech, presented Mr. Bevekidoe with a
purse of gold and an address on vellum, signed in the
name of the numerous subscribers by Roiiert
Todd, Chairman ; W. Clark, Secretary (two of the
originators of the Association, twelve years ago) ;
and P. Sinclair, Treasurer. After a suitable reply,
Mr. W. Hume, Union Bank, Glasgow, in
a humorous and delightful manner, presented
for Mrs. Beveridge's acceptance, a handsome
allium as a mark of esteem. Bailie Cami'-
iiELL, Helensburgh, in replying for the strangers,
heartily thanked those present, as well as a num-
ber prevented by illness or otherwise from being
present, for their good wishes. At the same time he
impressed on the young men then present how almost
invariably success w.as attained by the man who best
learned "how to wait," and also how desirable it
was that associations such as this, that combined
the mutual education principle with the healthy
stimulus of competition, should by every means be
encouraged.
Gardeners' Koval Benevolent Insti-
tution.—We understand that at a meeting of the
executive committee held on Thursday evening, it
was decided to add twelve pensioners to the list, at
the election to take place in January, two by right of
having been subscribers for over fifteen years, and the
remainder by the votes of the subscribers. The
committee also decided to add the sum of ^350 to
the general reserve fund invested in Consols, and are
in hopes of being able to add ;^500 to the Augmenta-
tion Fund, when the collection closes on the 30th
inst. The sum of ;^I3oS (u. i,d. has been paid in
pensions during the year, showing an increase of
£%^ \y. over the amount paid last year.
Mr. Turner's Display of Chrysanthe-
mums at Slough seems to be drawing a great number
of visitors to that establishment, over 5000 persons
having passed through the show-houses up to Wed-
nesday night.
The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Nov. 12, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London :— The weather has been finer in
the northern and north-eastern parts of the kingdom
than for some time past, but elsewhere cloudy skies
and rather frequent falls of rain have prevailed. In
Scotland snow and sleet fell on the gth and loih.
The temperature has been below the mean in all
districts, the deficit ranging from 4° in the east of
Scotland, to 1° in the south and south-west of Eng-
land, and south of Ireland. The maxima were gene-
rally recorded on the 6ih, and varied from 49" in
" Scotland, W.," and " Ireland, N.," to 56° in
"Ireland, S.," and 57° in "England, S." The
minima, which were registered on the 12th, were
rather low in all places, and in the " Midland
Counties" the thermometer fell to 22°, in "Eng-
land, E.," to 23°, in " Scotland, W.," to 24°, and
elsewhere to between 25° and 32°. The rainfall has
been a little more than the mean in " Scotland, W.,"
and " England, S.W.," and about equal to it in
" Ireland, S.," but less in all other districts. Bright
sunshine shows an increase in duration in all places —
especially in the north and north-east. The per-
centage's of possible duration varied from 27° in
" Ireland, N.," 28° in " England, S.W.," and 29°
in the " Midland Counties," to 41°in " England, E.,"
and 62° in "Scotland, E." Depressions observed :
—The barometric pressure has been highest and com-
paratively steady over the South of France, while in
other parts of our area, owihg to the passage east-
wardly of several subsidiary disturbances across our
islands, and some larger depressions farther to the
northward, it has oscillated considerably. The wind,
excepting at the close of the period, when it was very
variable in direction, has been generally between
S.W. and W., and light to moderate in force ; on
the evening of the loth, however, it veered to the
N\V., or N., on our northern coasts, and in many
places blew strongly.
Gardening Appointments. — Mr. John
McKinnon, for four years General Foreman at
Dalkeith, as Gardener to Mitchell Henry, Esq.,
M.P., Kylemore Castle, Galway.
A FEAST OF CYCLAMENS.
The most ornate description would fail to do
justice to the splendid collection of Cyclamen per-
sicum now in rare condition at Mr. II. B. Smith's
new nursery at Ilanwell, and of which a selec-
tion was exhibited at the meeting of the Floral
Committee on Tuesday. His tenure of his old
nursery at Ealing Dean having become somewhat
uncertain, Mr. Smith has formed a new one at
Hanwell, and here he has constructed a series of long,
low, span-roofed houses, especially for Cyclamen
culture. Nine of these houses, each 70X 11, running
east and west, and with a flat stage on either side, are
filled with plants in the best possible condition.
They can be counted by the thousand, from plants
flowering for the first time, to huge corms, six, eight,
and even ten years old. The specimens vary in size,
but all agree in splendid development— some in 32's,
some in 24's, and some in 4S-pots. Seedlings raised
from seed, some in August, 1S82, are now flowering
freely ; there have been flowers since the beginning of
October, and the floral continuity will be carried on
in unbroken succession up to the end of April. Thus
for seven months out of the twelve these charming
Cyclamens can be had in bloom. The dimensions of,
and the number of flowerson someof the plants, bloom-
ing for the first time are simply astonishing. Here are
plants, not yet fifteen months from seed, not a few of
the large flowering varieties in 32-pots, that may be
expected, and really do, carry from 100 to 200 flowers
each. What finely marked leaves, and how broad
and leathery they are. Thousands of beautiful
flowers of the grandiflora section could be gathered
now ? Some of the rich colours are deep and striking,
and the flowers grandly formed. There is nothing
like forcing applied to these plants ; a little fire-heat
is put on just to keep them comfortable at night, and
by day plenty of air is given at the top of the houses.
The season being so open and genial has doubtless
greatly helped the development of the plants, at the
same time it has been favourable to greenfly, and
frequent fumigations have been necessary. Mr.
Smith, unlike some raisers, prefers to sow seed in
August, pretty well as soon as it is ripe. The seed
is sown in shallow pans, and they germinate in a
month or six weeks. At this time the seedling
plants which have come from the seed sown last
August are showing their second leaf, and now they
are being pricked off into 4S-pots, filled with a light
sandy soil, twelve in a pot ; here they will remain all
the winter, and in spring they will be potted singly
in small pots. No break is permitted in the growth
of the plants, and their development is therefore
gradual but unceasing up to the time they flower.
It remains to be stated that the plants are growing in
well-drained pots, in a soil composed of good unctuous
yellow loam, leaf-mould, well decomposed manure,
and sand.
up, being like unto the former greeiie leafc, round,
naked, and greenc up to the toppe, 'where two or three
flowers breake forth out of a small thin skinne,
evvery one consisting of six small and narrow greene
leaves, very sharpe pointed at the end, and, as it
were, ending in a sharpe prick or thorne ; in the
middle whereof is a small round cup, or rather crowne,
of the same colour with the leaves and stalke, which
flower smelleth very sweete, somewhat like unto the
other Rush Daffodils ; this showcth not his flower
untill October, and the frosts quickly following after
their flowering cause them soone to perish.' " From
this statement of Parkinson's we turn to that of Mr.
Maw, who thus writes : —
"A long and careful search for this plant on the
African coast h.as been fruillc^ss, and the local botan-
ists of Gibr.iltar discouraged the hope of its being
again found in lliis neighbourliood, its reputed habitat
having been brought tuider cultivation. To-day 1
had the pleasure of rediscovering it, but for obvious
reasons I forbear to give particulars of the locality.
I believe, however, that it is not so uncommon as
is generally supposed ; the green aspects of the plant
closely resembling the other vegetation amongst which
it grows renders it most difficult of detection. The
figure in Burbidge and Baker's Monograph of the Nar-
cissi fairly represents the plant, but it is incorrect in
representing the leaves as contemporaneous with the
flowers and fruit. I have collected more than a hundred
specimens to-day, and in no one of these (some in flower
and some in fruit) are there any leaves present. The
Rush-like scape is about r foot in height, and in some
examples there are several scapes to a bulb. G. Maw^
F.L.S,, Gibraltar, Nov. 6."
NARCISSUS VIRIDIFLORUS.
The following letter from our excellent corre-
spondent, Mr. G. Maw, will not excite much
enthusiasm from those who are attracted by mere
beauty of colour. Those, however, who are inte-
rested in botanical curiosities will rejoice that this
very interesting plant has been rediscovered. It
is one of the small community of plants producing
green-coloured flowers. The question arises. How
does the flower get fertilised ? There is nothing showy
to attract insects, but the perfume is stated to be
agreeable. The very small rudimentary cup is also
significant from this point of view. Those fond of
speculation may exercise their wits in discussing
whether this is a Narcissus in a rudimentary state, or
whether it is a degenerate form gradually becoming
extinct by reason of the superior advantages which
coloured flowers offer to their possessors in the matter
of producing a numerous progeny. In any case, it is
very like the white-flowered N. elegans. Mr. Bur-
bidge, in his Monograph of Narcissus, tells us " that
this plant is not now in cultivation, though it was
so in the time of Parkinson, who thus speaks of it : —
' This strange Rush Daffodil (I call it strange, not
onely because it dilfereth from all others of this kinde,
but also because there are few in these parts that
have had it, and fewer that do still enjoy it, in that
it has perished with all that had it) hath but one leaf,
very long, round, and greene, in all that ever I saw
growing, which beareth no flower, while that leafe is
fresh and to bee scene, but afterward the stalk riseth
AUTUMN FLOWERS.
Nature is indeed in a beneficent mood this autumn,
and appears to be recompensing the children of men
for any inconvenience experienced during the some-
what retarded spring, and the uncongenial weather
which accompanied the advent of May. How much
of flower yet remains to us ; and here, during the
first week in November, a most charming bouquet
could be cut in the open air. Nasturtiums, Dahlias,
and the pretty yellow Canary Creeper, in exposed
positions, are still flowering freely ; it simply needs
sun and mild weather to continue them for days to
come. It was interesting to note what well developed
blooms of Dahlias could be seen on someof the plants
— quite what one is accustomed to see at the end of
September. On an elevated spot south of Harrow,
Salvia coccinea and C. splendensare flowering finely;
a bed of Phlox Drummondi was as good as we have
seen it at any time during the summer, and the gar-
denersaid the plantshad furnished betterbloomsduring
October than at any time previously. French Mari-
golds, Tagetessignata, Ageratums, and other plants of
a decidedly tender character are singularly gay, despite
the storms of rain and cold wind. Of hardy flowers
there are many ; Roses are yet furnishing blooms, and
ordinary bedding plants, such as zonal Pelargoniums,
Calceolarias, &c., though showing the effect of cold
and wet, are yet busy throwing up flowers. Patches
of Sweet Peas are making a marvellous second growth,
but it is too cold and damp for them to bloom ; could
a few clumps of plants be lifted with balls of earth,
placed in pots or bo.xes, and treated to a gentle warmth
flowers could, perhaps, be had at a somewhat unusual
period of the year. Chrysanthemums are now in all
their glory in the open air, but plants that are ex-
posed to the rain and wind have their flowers a little
disfigured. Gardeners would do wisely (and especially
those having but little glass accommodation) to make a
plantation of pompon Chrysanthemums on a south
border, protected somewhat from the north ; and
have a rough framework constructed so that some
mats or other covering could be thrown over the
plants during rough weather and at night. The value
of such a patch for cutting purposes cannot be over-
estimated : and it will be found that with such a
covering as that recommended the head of bloom
could be preserved every year for a lengthened period.
And in the kitchen garden, late Peas, and especi-
ally Ne Plus Ultra, following the lead of the
Sweet Peas, have made a second growth, and are
flowering, as if quite prepared to furnish another
crop of Peas, if only fine genial weather will smile
upon the eflfort. In woods and plantations, by
roadsides and on large trees, the leaves are in not
a few instances grandly coloured. Tints from flames
of fire mingle with those of russet, orange, and
gold, gilding the autumn with a glory gathered
from the splendid sunsets seen last month. Truly
it is an autumn full of flowers and wondrous beauty
in decay.
632
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 17, 1883.
J^OjVIE j!^0RRE3P0jMDE]MCE.
Fuchsias exoniensis and corallina. — I have
no wish in writing these remarks to claim that I know
more, or as much, respecting these varieties as two
such undoubted and good authorities as Messrs. Lynch
and Hemsley. Having grown them both when a
young man, near about forty years since, I think I
am correct in saying that exoniensis and corallina as
grown in gardens then, were quite distinct varieties.
The illustration given on p. 565 is, I have no hesi-
tation in saying, the variety that was grown in
gardens at that time as corallina. The difference
between the two, so far as I am able to describe them
after this lapse of time, is very fresh in my memory,
Exoniensis was, I think, grown in gardens previous to
corallina ; the former was raised by Mr. Pince, a
nurserymen at Exeter, in 1842, and was at that time
the best dark Fuchsia in cultivation, it had a good
habit of growth, was a free bloomer, the corolla
had more blue or purple in it than any other kind
then grown, and the sepals were slightly reflexed.
Corallina, as I before remarked, was sent out after,
and I remember at the time it was to have beaten
all other dark kinds then in cultivation, exoniensis,
the then type of a model, included. But it did not ; it
was voted by the fancy to be of bad habit, the corolla
was nearly of the same colour as the sepals, and it
did not reflex. Exoniensis was retained as a pot
plant, corallina was turned out and planted against
a wall, where, for a quarter of century it grew by the
yard, and produced flowers ad infinihwi. As a
garden or decorative variety it would now be con-
sidered a good thing. From what has been written
I arrive at this conclusion, that exoniensis is lost to
cultivation, and the illustration given at p. 565 is that
of the true corallina. Noy-th Norfolk.
I am so surprised to see what Mr. Lynch
says on p. 604 about this Fuchsia (for which I
never before heard any name except ** corallina ")
that I send a note about it. I should have said
that for the last thirty years at least it has
been the commonest hardy Fuchsia in cultvation
throughout the kingdom. When I commenced gar-
dening thirty-four years ago at Eton it was certainly
common enough in gardens both there and down the
Thames Valley, towards London. At that time some
very fine standards of it used to be planted out every
summer by Mr. Frost in the garden at Dropmore,
and I imitated these, and continued to grow the tree
as a standard as long as I lived at Eton. It was
then commonly called by gardeners Fuchsia Caroline.
It is a conspicuous feature in the gardens along the
coast of Carnarvonshire and Denbighshire, where it
often grows for several years without being cut by
frost, becoming 10 or 12 feet high. The largest I
have noticed are in a garden at Aber, near Bangor,
but it probably becomes still larger on the northern
bank of the Menai Straits. It is one of only three
Fuchsias which are quite hardy in my Cheshire
garden, though strictly herbaceous in habit. The
names of the other two are, I believe, Ricartoni and
gracilis. Perhaps I may add without offence that the
name corallina is generally mispronounced ; the word
is found in Latin poetry, and the " i " is short, so that
the accent falls on the second syllable. On looking
at my plants I found that the common form has oppo-
site leaves in pairs, but whorls of three all along the
stalk are common ; some stalks have the leaves alter-
nate. I find also some leaves in whorls of four,
C. WoUey Dod^ Edge Hall ^ ATalpas, Cheshire^ Nov. 10.
Fuchsia exoniensis, which is more gener-
ally known as F, corallina, is to be found plen-
tifully in the gardens on the shores of Cardigan Bay,
where it becomes a shrub 6 or 7 feet high ; but on
leaving the sea coast it assumes a herbaceous habit.
I well remember in 1853 seeing a fine plant in the
conservatory at Woodlands, near Dublin, trained up
a pillar. This plant, from the strength of the stem,
must have been eight or ten years old. It was annually
pruned like a Vine, and I do not believe we possess a
more useful plant for such situations. It varies much
in foliage from opposite leaves to whorls of four or
five leaves according to the richness ot the soil, which
also causes light or dark stems or leaves. In the
Midland Counties it is perfectly hardy without any
protection, at the same time a slight covering of ashes
is useful. I think F. corallina is the older name,
whoever gave it, and I may ask who named it F.
exoniensis ? [The raiser, Mr. Pince, we presume.
Ed.] Aberia,
Malva moschata alba. — This is a fine thing
for the herbaceous border or mixed plot of hardy
plants in early summer. Seeing it advertised I pur-
chased a packet of seed in the spring of 1SS2.
These were duly sown in a little heat, when they soon
germinated, and in due course, after hardening off,
they were planted outside. The same summer they
flowered a little, but not sufficient to make them
noticeable. The roots stood the winter well (being,
of course, quite hardy), the plants had formed strong
stools, which grew away finely as the season advanced.
Towards June, or thereabouts, before bedding things
had made much show, these plants were just a mass
of white flowers ; those where the soil was rich were
quite 3 feet high, and as much through, literally
covered with bloom. They continued so for several
months, so you can .imagine that it is a very good showy
thing for early summer flowering. ^. M,
An Impostor. — During the last week or two
several gardeners in this neighbourhood have been
imposed upon by a man giving the name of Taylor,
who, producing a character from an employer in
Blackburn, one Mr. Jackson, J. P., has been seeking
work. He was offered a good job by a friend of
mine, but did not come to work at the appointed
time — took good care to use the appointment and the
name of those who assisted him ; borrowed money
from all he could get it from, and decamped. Thomas
Lloyd^ Florist^ ^c.^ Stotirport Worcestershire,
Labourers' Cottages and Gardens in Ireland,
— The kindly spirit actuating yourlleading article at
p. 5S7 towards the artisan and working-classes,
induces me to bring under your notice the satisfactory
working, so far, of the Labourers' Cottage Act,
passed last session, and entrusted for administration
to the several Boards of Guardians. Cottages are
to be built as required in each electoral division, and
that district is to be responsible for the money bor-
rowed for the purpose. Each cottage will have half
an acre of ground, and the estimated general expense,
fitted up besides with all sanitary requirements, is
from ^80 to £100. Though both farmers and land-
lords could claim for the appropriation of the land, in
very many cases both are coming forward and offering
land and sites free, and not only that, but both farmers
and landlords, often differing in position, religion, and
politics, are almost, without exception, unanimous in
carrying out this Act. W. J-. Murphy^ Cloiimcl,
Seedling Amaryllis. — I send you some flowers
of a seedling Amaryllis which have been flowering
since July, and are now throwing up flower-stalks,
each stalk bearing six blooms like those inclosed.
They are strong growers, with beautiful striped leaves.
Six of them have thrown the flower-stalk up from the
centre of the bulb, between the centre leaves, which
I have never seen before. I have four plants now
showing in the same way. They are hybrids obtained
by crossing Defiance with a seedling obtained from
reticulata. The leaves are beautifully striped and ever-
green, and the plants appear to be perpetual flower-
ing— a characteristic so much wanted in the Amaryllis,
as they are equally beautiful in the conservatory, the
greenhouse, or the drawing-room, and last a longtime
in bloom if placed in a cold house. The bulbs require
to be treated like the Eucharis amazonica. Wyn.
Smyihe^ The Gardens^ Basing Paj-k, Alton^ Hants.
Xiphium tingitanum. — I have been successful
in collecting bulbs of this plant in the neighbourhood
of Tangiers. It is said to have pale blue flowers.
It is exceedingly abundant in clayey fields surrounding
the town. I have reason to believe that the plant
figured under this name in the Botanical Magazine
was Xiphium filifolium. G. Maw^ F.L.S.
Plant-Houses as Tenant's Fixtures.— I wish
to know if a span-roofed forcing-house erected on
brick walls built a foot or more in the soil, and away
from any building, would be a tenant's fixture or not.
I am advised that the woodwork and glass would be
removable at the end of a tenancy, but not the brick
walls, and that the boiler and piping would also be
removable. I should be greatly indebted for any
trustworthy information on the subject. Tenant. [We
shall be glad of an expession of opinion on this point
from any one who has practical experience. Ed.]
Strawberries in November. — When at Perry
Hall, near Birmingham, the other day, I was agree-
ably surprised to find a very fine crop of Vicomtesse
Hericart de Thury Strawberries. The fruits were ripe
and well coloured, as good indeed as many that are
seen in the early spring months. Mr. George Mitche-
son, the energetic gardener in charge, informed me
that the plants were the same as he had forced early
last season. As soon as they had done fruiting he
planted them out, and as soon as he found them likely
to flower well again he had them potted up, and the
result is that at the present time he can supply the
table with first-rate Strawberries. 0.
Late Peas.— Favourable soils and situations are
without doubt the two essential requisites if a satis-
factory crop of late Peas is to be obtained, and without
them, all efforts to get even a meagre crop are in vain.
Of course some sorts are better adapted to this purpose
than others, and individuals have their special
favourites, in which case it becomes difificult to
persuade them to make a trial of others. Perhaps
the old but excellent Ne Plus Ultra is considered one
of the best sorts for late sowing, but there are later
introductions, however, which are worthy of a share
of attention. One of these is Stratagem, a grand Pea,
of robust constitution ; and Telegraph, Telephone,
although rather more susceptible to mildew, are by
no means unreliable sorts for this purpose. Another
excellent late Pea on account of its hardy con-
stitution and continuous bearing properties, is
Walker's Perpetual Bearer. Where Peas are in
constant demand this variety cannot fail to give
satisfaction, for, as its name implies, it is a constant
bearer, and moreover is of good quality. E. Morgan^
The Butts, Harro2v-on-the- Hilh
Benthamia fragifera. — I send you a fruit of
Benthamia fragifera, which grows in the open ground
here, and is exceedingly handsome in the late autumn,
as well as in the month of June when in flower. T.
Myles, Ryde, Isle of Wight. [We only see this from
the southern and western counties. Ed.]
Lilacs for Forcing.— The Lilac is very hand-
some, and very easily forced, if the plants are
properly prepared. It can also be grown and flowered
in the form of nice compact little bushes in 8-inch
pots. To obtain plants like this I layer the top
branches when the wood is well ripened. I tie
down the branches to a large stake, then tongue all
the most suitable young shoots and peg them in
a nice rich light soil and cover them well up. I do
this as soon after the leaves are off the bushes as
possible, then by the following season they will be
well rooted, and if carefully taken up with balls of
earth and potted, they will flower early the next
spring. The best sorts for forcing are Charles X.,
Siberian, and Persian. Win. Sniythe, The Gardens,
Basing Park, Alton, Hants, Nov. 6.
Eucharis amazonica.— Those who expect their
bulbs of this fine stove flowering plant to bloom three
and four times a year, will, I fear, find their hopes dis-
appointed. I have had the same pot of roots flower
three and four times in a year, but I always thought
and still believe it to be different bulbs in the same
pot that did so. A few years ago I had a pot that
bore forty spikes in August ; the Christmas following
it had two dozen more, and then in the spring after it
had produced a similar number. Thinking that the
plant would not flower again for some time I had the
pot broken up and when this was done, when the roots
and the soil lay on the potting bench, it seemed sur-
prising that the pot could have held the roots and
soil, so closely were the bulbs packed. Just now we
have a pot bearing sixty-five heads of flowers : this
pot we had a month or so during the summer outside
behind a north wall. Few flowers are more popular
than the Eucharis, and the question may be asked
why a specimen of it is so little thought of by some
as an exhibition plant. To time a good pot for this
work that is not made up often requires considerable
skill. I may here note that a plant of Eucharis that
was exhibited in August last with thirty-six heads is
now just pushing seven or eight heads ; the decaying
base of the late flower-stems can still be seen. For
late flowering I have found that the Eucharis requires
considerable attention : if kept too long in too cold a
temperature at this time of year the flower-scapes are
apt to come partially abortive— instead of having the
five or six flowers, having two or three less than that
number. Last spring when breaking up a few pots
my attention was drawn to the fact of the roots being
all near the surface of the pot, none being found lower
than 6 inches or so from the surface. In making up a
few fresh pots I had a couple of pans also filled which
have done very well, still, though no doubt they will do
very well in pans, the pots will be preferable, as the
damp soil not permeated by the roots in the bottoms
will help to keep the plants better in their growing
season. R, M.
Apple Bias. — Mr. Ingram, at p. 602, makes the
interesting remark that a fruit tree originated on a soil
of a marked character receives a certain constitutional
tendency in favour of that particular soil as a fact wel
known to pomologists. I fear that the knowledge of
the fact, if it be one, is rather limited, and I have
never before met with it or seen it propounded. None
the less, there may be many who hold such a theory,
for it can be but a theory, as I fail to note a good
example, especially amongst Apples, that tends to
convert it into fact. Take the famous Blenheim Pip-
pin, for instance, raised at Woodstock on the oolite,
than which there can be no more strongly marked
kind of soil, and yet it does well everywhere, and is
perhaps a more widely known and grown kind than
any other Apple. But is that any proof that any one
well-known kind of Apple will succeed better in the
locale of its origin than in any other ? Of course, excep-
tion must be made in favour of southern districts, where
almost all kinds of Apples thrive better than in the
North, not because of soil so much as of climate, which
is far more favourable. It may be very much a ques-
tion as to how far kinds raised from established sorts
that thrive specially well in the South are suited for
NOVEMDER 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
633
culture in the North. On the other hand, it may be
accepted that kinds thriving well in the North should
always be made the parents of seedlings intended
specially for northern growth, but these are matters
wide of the question of soil. Were all our Apples
propagated by cuttings, and the trees therefore on
their own roots, soils might be expected to influence
their growth to some appreciable extent, but the Crab
is so thoroughly indigenous that it seems at home in
all soils except wet clay, the which will kill almost
any fruit. [The Crab is common enough on wet clay
in Middlesex. Ku.] The Paradise stocks are such
shallow rooters that soils may be expected to affect
them only in an infinitesimal degree, because the
surface soils, when long cultivated, acquire such con-
siderable identity of character, let the subsoil be what
it may, that surface-rooting plants thrive equally well.
Without assuming that my conclusions are more
correct than are Mr. Ingram's, I cannot but think
facts are against his. A, D,
A Spring Show of Apples. — I am much inter-
ested to find that my suggestion as to the appropria-
tion of a portion of the surplus cash arising from the
recent Apple Congress at Chiswick to the giving of
prizes for keeping Apples about March next should
have called forth notes of approval from some eminent
gardeners — although the idea is one so practical and
common sense like that it is doubtful whether a single
person would be found to offer objection. It cannot
be too well understood that we have many good keep-
ing Apples, but that, as a rule, they are far less showy
or large than were the many beautiful fine Christmas
ripening kinds seen so plentifully at Chiswick last
month. The sorts then thought but of moderate pre-
tensions would be in March next worth very much,
and be of the greatest service to growers and to con-
sumers. Even small kinds that at Chiswick were
looked upon as refuse or superfluous become in March
of great value, though still small and insignificant in
appearance. Sturmer Pippin, Cockle Pippin, Sam
Voung, Kcddleston Pippin, Lemon Pippin, and many
others of like size and appearance prove most valuable
aids to the dessert in the spring, and badly off indeed is
the gardener who is without them. The suggestion that
the kingdom for the purposes of such a show should be
divided into districts is fair, and a division into south,
midland, and north would suffice. Unlimited collec-
tions are undesirable, and are never fair. Even in
March quality and size must go for something, and a
dozen or score of really good sample dishes would be
of more value than fifty that included many perhaps
useless or imperfect kinds. Too many classes are un-
desirable because the object should be, not to give
everybody prizes, but to obtain a good representation
from all parts of the kingdom of keeping Apples.
Specially useful would be information furnished by
exhibitors as to their approved methods of storing to
aid or ensure good keeping. Lastly, we should like
to learn whether dwarfing stocks produce good keep-
ing Apples, or whether the best keepers come from
Crab stocks. I incline to the latter opinion, but it
may not be correct. After all we are perchance
beating the air, for the offering of such suggested prizes
seems improbable. D,
Grain Pits, or Silos.— Throughout Hungary
and the neighbouring countries to the south and east
this method of keeping cereals has been known and
practised from very early times. The unsettled state
of the country compelled the farmers to adopt some
secure way of hiding and preserving for considerable
periods of time these fruits of the earth, and in an
underground pit they were safe from marauders,
thieves, and vermin. These pits, which were built
of solid materials, and made watertight, were of suffi-
cient size to hold considerable quantities of grain.
The altered conditions of life in these countries, and
the ease with which now a famished district can obtain
succour from more plentiful quarters, and the general
state of security in which the people in rural districts
live, have made these grain pits of but little use.
Still, it is not very many years since the writer was
informed of a certain well-known landed proprietor,
half-noble, half-farmer, who had held his corn crop
for a rise in price during eleven years in one of these
pits, but whose greed had defeated itself, for when
the pit was at last opened the corn was found for
I^ foot round the sides to be completely mouldy and
useless, and only the middle was of any value. This
is a proof of the serviceableness of this method for
keeping grain in good condition for a few years with-
out detriment in any way, provided the site chosen is
a dry one, and the grain is perfectly hard and dry. M.
Chrysanthemums at Worksop Manor. — At
the present time there are flowering in the gardens of
the above establishment a fine collection of this, the
queen of autumn flowers. Calling there a few days
ago I was greatly surprised to see the enormous size
01 some of the blooms, which looked more the size of
show Dahlias, being so fine and perfect. Some 250
plants are grown of 115 varieties, varying in height
Irom 18 inches to 8 feet, The bud-thinning principle
is carried out for large blooms, from four to six buds
being left on each plant with satisfactory results.
Others are grown more in their natural style, which
give a profusion of bloom for conservatory decoration,
the whole collection indicating the great care and
attention given them by the gardener (Mr. Sutton)
and his staff. J, Jefferson, Worhop, Nov, 13.
Cupressus macrocarpa.— This tree succeeds very
well at (.'ullen House, as, indeed, all the Cupressus
do ; but it is yet premature to say what it will be as
a timber tree. It is very beautiful at 12 to 15 feet
high, and there is not the sign of a withered branch
on it even after enduring some of the severities of by-
gone winters. Of all others, however, of this class
the Cupressus Lambertiana is decidedly the best for
outstanding our maritime exposures. C. V. I\Iichie,
Cullen House, Banff, Aov. 13.
A New Plant Label {fig. 113). — I send for your
inspection a label which is the best I know of for her-
baceous borders, and all cases where the label has to
be fixed in the soil. It is simplicity itself, very
neat, and durable. The galvanised iron peg can be
made of any size, and, having the two small holes
bored in it, any piece of wood can be fastened to it
in a second with the aid of two tin-tacks. The price
of the specimen sent is ■]$. (yd. per loo ; but if lo.coo
were ordered they can be made for ^s. gd. per too,
and when once made will practically last a lifetime,
as when the wood has done its work or the name
has to be changed the wood can be pulled off, and a
new piece at once attached. By giving the wood
FlG. 113.— NEW LAUEL l-UR J'LANTS.
three coats of good paint renewing will seldom be
required. IV. M. Geddes, The Gardens, Tlirumpton
Hall, Derby.
Chrysanthemums at Messrs. C. Lee & Son's
Nursery at Ealing. — Every year the spirited
manager at these nurseries presents to public view a
fine lot of Chrysanthemums, but this season the dis-
play is one of the finest ever seen. There are about
250 plants mainly in 8-inch and ic-inch pots, grown
to a single stem, and this branching out into several
side shoots, each of which produces flowers of sur-
prising quality. The cuttings from which these fine
specimens are grown, all put in about the end of
November, being struck in thumb-pots in which the
cuttings are placed singly, they have such bottom-heat
as can be obtained from an ordinary frame with a bed
of stable manure ; when rooted they are wintered in a
cold frame, and are potted and grown on in spring in
the usual way, giving the plants their final shift in June.
The following are the leading varieties, and they may
be taken as forming a very fine collection : — Japanese :
James Salter, Elaine, very fine indeed, some of the
flowers of amazing proportions ; Fair Maid of Guern-
sey, Cloth of Gold, a very fine yellow, and quite
distinct ; Triomphe du Nord, La Charmeuse, deep
purple, striking ; Madame Candigeau, quite an
incurved flower, large broad silvery-lilac petals ;
Soleil Levant, a large and very fine golden variety ;
CryKang, very fine; Fleur d'Hiver, Cossack, brilliant
in colour ; La Frisgiere, very fine, soft pink ;
Diamond, very fine ; Album plenum, a variety that is
very shy in producing cuttings ; .Striatum, Peter the
Great, Felicite, and Madame Lemoine. The large
size, rich colouring, and splendid shape of the fore-
going were qualities particularly noticeable, and
equally so is this true of the incurved varieties, the
following being grandly developed : — Kefulgens, rich
mullierry, very fine ; Lady Sale, Jardin des Planles,
and its bronze variety ; Mrs. George Rundell, Mrs.
Dixon, and George Glenny— all three with very large
flowers ; Empress of India, White (ilobe. Princess of
Wtiles, very fine ; Beethoven, Alfred Salter, White
Venus, Abbe Passaglia, Golden Empress of India,
Pink Venus, <Jueen of England, very fine; Mr.
Brunlees, liarbara. Golden nueen of England, Gloria
Mundi, Beauty, delicate pink, very fine ; and John
Salter. Z.
Gardenias. — In reference to the remarks on (iar-
denias at p. 603, permit me to say that I think the
variety intermedia is too generally, and doubtless in
many cases unconsciously, grown to ensure the almost
constant succession of blooms that (i. ilorida will pro-
duce under good treatment. I have lately had this
forcibly brought to my mind. When visiting a neigh-
bouring gardener I was much struck by the free-
flowering appearance of his Gardenias, which were
neither so healthy looking nor yet grown under by any
means such favourable conditions as ours were, which
at that time were flowerless, almost budless — at all
events the buds were not developed. The same friend
had earlier in the season remarked that our blooms
were then much finer than his. On comparing por-
tions of the two lots of plants more closely, I at once
saw the cause. Ours were all G. intermedia, his were
all G. florida. On enquiry I also ascertained that a few
cuttings were incidentally brought here of a very fine
Gardenia some three years since. As our then stock
was more or less exhausted, and the young plants of
the new-come cuttings were soon fine healthy stuH,
we decided to clear out our old lot and have a fresh
start. Since then our spring and early summer bloom
has been much finer in size, but not so continuous.
We at first thought it was the plants being young that
was the cause of both, but now find we were mis-
taken. I enter into these particulars more fully in
case there should be others of your readers who are in
similar circumstances. In reference also to the note
of exclamation in '*A. E.'s" remarks on same page
respecting Gardenias being placed out-of-doors, per-
mit me also to say that when visiting Mr. Denning at
Londesborough Lodge in the autumn of iSSo, I noted
that he had the sashes entirely taken off his span-
roofed Gardenia-house, and the plants were the finest
I ever saw, smothered with bloom-buds, and were the
picture of health. The same able cultivator has, if I
mistake not, been more than once referred to in your
columns as a very successful grower of Gardenias.
H. J. C, Grimston.
I would advise "A. E." to pinch out the
young growths which push out around the buds ; this
will hasten the development of the blooms. But he
must not expect to obtain such a succession of
blossoms later on as he would otherwise do. Bucks.
What is the Ginger Mushroom .'—A para-
graph appeared in one of our local papers the other
day announcing that " an inquest had been held at
Worksop, Notts, before Dr. Housley, coroner lor the
district, on the body of a boy, aged twelve years, who
it was shown had died from eating a poisonous Mush-
room. Deceased picked a Mushroom from the side
of a hedge and ate it for one of the common sort,
whereas it proved to be one of the kind known locally
as the 'Ginger Mushroom,' which is poisonous.
The jury returned a verdict of ' Death from the effects
of eating a poisonous Mushroom.'" I have inquired
into the matter, and find the report perfectly true, but
have been unable either to procure a specimen or
ascertain the species. Can any one say what it is ?
H, T. Soppell, Saltaire. [We never till now heard of
the Ginger Mushroom. Mushrooms from under
hedges are often unsafe. The neighbourhood of trees
seems unsuitable for the great majority of edible fungi.
A true Mushroom, even from a plantation, is often
unsafe. Open wind-swept pastures are the right
places. Ed.]
Chou de Burghley. — I cannot speak in such
high terms of Gilbert's Chou de Burghley as some of
your correspondents have done. It is too coarse,
does not heart well, and is not to be compared with
ordinary Cabbage growing side by side and planted
at the same time ; in fact, common Cabbage and
green curled Savoys are preferred to it. I have had
no experience of it as yet as a Broccoli, but I do not
think it will ever take a very forward place as a
Cabbage. A. Grant, Hadlow Castle.
Boltonia. — In reference to Dr. Asa Gray's note
on p. 603, I may say that I have never mentioned or
possessed a plant named Boltonia latifolia. The species
which came to me in three or four apparently distinct
forms is B. latisquama. The plants sent range from
the small white-rayed flower, more properly called, I
believe, B. asteroides, to a flower twice the size, with
long wavy rays of clear pink. What I received from
our Cambridge Botanic Garden as B. glastifolia,
which Dr. Asa Gray makes a synonym of asteroides,
634
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 17, 1S83.
is so entirely distinct both in flower and habit from
any other Boltonia I have that I send a specimen for
identification. It is 5 feet high, and makes flowering
branches from the summit to the ground. After care-
fully studying Dr. Asa Gray's Handbook of tlie Plants
of the Northern States^ I am sure that these Daisy
Composites present themselves in entirely different
forms both as to colour and habit in English gardens
and in American woods and prairies. I wish Dr.
Gray could see some of the very abnormal forms
under which we have the Asters he describes, and
which answer neither to the description of the name
they bear nor of any other in the book. C. Wolkv
Dod, Edge Hall. [We believe Dr. Gray came to the
same conclusion on his last visit to this country, when
he made a study of our collections, living and dried.
Ed.]
Sweet Scabious. — Late as it is in the season.
Sweet Scabious are all aglow in the borders, which
shows what useful things they are for blooming, and
how valuable they would be if grown in pots, as in a
warm greenhouse they continue to open their flowers
more or less freely during the whole of the winter.
The way they are generally raised is from seed sown
in spring, but I find it is a good plan to make a selec-
tion of the best kind?, and to propagate by putting in
cuttings, which strike freely, and may be kept in store
pots in any ordinary pot or frame from which frost is
excluded. Those who are so fortunate as to have
plants now standing outdoors may turn them to good
account by taking them up with nice balls and potting
them, as by getting them under glass they will afford
fine heads of bloom for cutting — a purpose for which
they are well adapted, as they are bright looking and
last long in water. To have them really good for
winter work, the best way is to grow them all through
the summer in pots, as then there is no check given at
any time, and being well rooted they flower profusely,
especially when kept well supplied with liquid
manure. J. S.
The Tigridias have made a most dazzling display
(there are two large beds of them) for weeks past,
from the earliest hours until 3 or thereabouts in the
afternoon. When the sun is overclouded, as in grey
weather, their time is lengthened by some hours. I
have been studying the Tigridias, and trying to com-
prehend how affairs stand between them and the
bees. My observations, however, do not come to
much ; there is a great sameness about them, and the
most I have discovered can be said in a very few
words. When the sun shines the Tigridia is never
without a hive-bee, or two or three, at work within
the flower (humble-bees never, but very often flies are
in with the bees), yet there is not a drop of honey in
it — none that I can find, at least, after even the closest
search, and none certainly to justify such waste of
time in a person of proverbial business habits like
the bee. I have spoilt dozens of flowers, tearing the
petals from their roots, and only very rarely have suc-
ceeded in detecting the slightest possible sweetish
taste. The bees, however, go to work with a will,
trying to find something where there is next to
nothing. They will search with the utmost care — by
tongue and by antennas — between the petals, and then
get their heads round to the back of the flower to
look ; but with no result, for apparently there is
nothing there. The flaunting red may attract the bees
at first, but there is something else besides colour.
In the centre of each flower, close round the base of
the pointal, are arranged three little mirrors, circular
in shape, and reflecting back the light. Into these
the bees dive head foremost, when, instead of a pool
of honey, as they believed it to be, they only find a
hard polished surface ; they go on boring with their
heads for a while, and then fall to ransacking the
empty hollows of the petals both in front and at the
back. It is a good while before any bee is quite satis-
fied that nothing is to be got there. I have never
seen a humble-bee about the Tigridias, nor a hive bee
with full baskets. E. V. B.
Autumn Flowers.— It is a most unusual thing in
November to see such a wealth of bloom as is to be
found on plants in borders this year, where many ate
now quite gay, and some looking almost as well as at
any time during the summer. This is the case with
single Dahlias, which are showing their worth in an
unmistakeable manner, as damp and foggy nights
seem to have little effect on them, and the quantity of
flowers they yield for cutting is something astonish-
ing, besides which there is no end of variety in the
colours they afford, and few things dress better in
glasses, as they are light and elegant in outline and
form. Not only are Dahlias in full beauty, but
Chrysanthemums seem to vie with them, and it is
very seldom they are to be met with in such perfec-
tion outdoors, the warmth, which has been quite
spring-like, having just suited them, and there has
been no wind or wet to damage the blossoms. A
few Roses are still to be had, and the summer bedding
plants are gay, especially Calceolarias and Tagetes,
but what is more remarkable is that the Iresines,
both Lindeni and Herbertii, are holding their foliage,
which is rich and charming when the sun is upon it,
as the tints are deeper and finer than ever. Violas,
Daisies, Pansies, Forget-me-Nots, and other spring
flowering things are fast peeping out, and Anemone
coronaria will soon be in full bloom — the big
Hellebore H. niger maximus is already so, and
Sternbergia lutea will not lag long behind. J. S.
[The few last frosty nights we fear, or rather we hope,
have altered this stale of affairs. Ed.]
LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS.
'E.\'iV)B.iiiiR\jj>i.— Concluded from p. 6c6.
211. K. (Euepidendrum) torquatum, Lindl., Bcnth.
PL Hartw., p. 149 ; Fol. Orch., n. 272 ; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 408 ; III. Hart., xxix., p. 51. — Xew
Grenada to Peru, at 8000 to 10,500 feet. Intro-
duced by Linden. Near E. scabrum, but having
much larger, more coriaceous, yellowish flowers.
212. E. (Euepidendrum) tovarense, Rchb. f., Lin-
ncsa, xxii., p. 838; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 370;
Lindl., Fol. Orch., n., 160; Planchon, Hort.
Do?iat., p. 169, E. simiatuin, Lindl. ; Regel,
Gartenflora, ii., p. 324, t. 69? — Venezuela, New
Grenada. Cultivated in the Petersburg Botanic
Garden, and also at San Donato. Hort. Kew.
213. E. (EnCYCLIUM — HyMENOCHILA)TRACHYCHrLUM,
Lindl., FoL Orch., n,, ^'j \ Walp. Ann., vi.,
p. 338. E. ahtum, Lindl., Benth. PL Hartw.,
p. 92. — Mexico. Introduced by Hartweg for the
Horticultural Society of London. Sepals and
petal small, leathery, olive-green ; lip deep yellow
and brilliant green, studded with red warts.
214. E, TRICOLOR, Linden, Cat, 1868. — New Grenada.
Introduced by Mr. J. Linden.
E. TRiDENS = nocturnum,
215. E. (Euepidendrum— Spathace/e) trinitatis.
Rchb. f., Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc., p. 86 ; Walp.
Ann., vi., p. 364. — Trinidad. Flowers small, in a
long raceme, greenish-yellow, with a deep apricot-
yellow lip.
E. TRIPTERUM zz Linkianum.
E. TRiPUNCTATUM, Lindl. = Ghiesbreghtianura.
216. E. (ENCYCLIUM — HOLOCHILA) TRIPUNCTATUM,
Lindl., Bot. Re^. 1841, p. 143 ; FoL Orch., n. 12;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 323. — Mexico. Cultivated
by Richard Harrison, of Aigburth. Long grassy
leaves ; scape two-flowered ; flowers dull yellow-
green with some yellow and purple on the labellum
and column.
E. TRISTE ^ ochraceum.
217. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottis) TURiALViE,
Rchb. f., Card. Chron. 1871, p. 1678. — Costa
Rica. Cultivated by Mr. W. W. Saunders.
E. umbellatum = difforme.
E. Uroskinneri, Hortul. = prismatocarpum.
21S. E. vaccinioides, Rchb. f., ex Linden, ///. Hort.,
x.^iix., p. 51. — Venezuela. Introduced by Mr. J.
Linden in 1870.
219. E. (Euepidendrum — Amphiglottide^e) vandi-
folium, Lindl., Journ. Hort. Soc. Lojid.y iv.,
p. 269; FoL Orch., n. 211; Walp. Ann., vi.,
P- 387' — Mexico. Introduced and cultivated by
Messrs. Loddiges about 1848. Nearly related to
E. fuscatum, but having long, narrow, distichous
leaves, recurved like those of some Vanda.
Flowers sweet-scented, dull purple, Ireckled,
220. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) varicosum,
Batem., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 30; Lindl,
Fol. Orch., n. 71 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 341. E.
Iciohiilbo7i, Hook., Journ, Bot., iii., p. 308, t. 10.
E. quadratum, Klotzsch ; Otto and Dietr., Allg.
Cart. Zeii. 1850, p. 402. — Mexico to Panama.
Originally introduced from Guatemala by G. Ure
Skinner, and cultivated by Mr. Bateman. Flowers
small, dull coloured. Lindley included E. chiri-
quense and E. phymatoglossum, Rchb. f., in this
species ; but Reichenbach states that although
closely allied they are easily distinguished Irom
each other.
221. E. {AuLizEUM — Holochila) variegatum,
Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3151 ; Bot. Reg. 1839, t. 11 ;
Fol. Orch. n. 117 ; Walp. Attn., vi., p. 353. E.
coriaceum. Hook., Bot. Mag , t. 3595. E. pachy-
sepalum, Klotzsch; Otto and Dietr., ^//^'■. (7 j/-/.
Zeit. 1855, p. 274. — Venezuela to Brazil, Culti-
vated by Mr. R. Harrison, of Liverpool, in 1832.
Flowers in an erect raceme, yellow, cream, or
white, thickly dotted with purple. Hort. Kew.
E. verrucosum. Lindl. =: nemorale.
222. E. (Euepidendrum) vesicatum, Lindl., Bot.
Reg. 1838, Misc., p. 50; FoL Orch., n. 236;
Walp. Ann., vi., p. 397. — Brazil. Imported and
cultivated by Loddiges. Flowers greenish-white,
with a half transparent blister on the neck of the
ovary.
223. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochila) virens, Lindl ,
Lindl. and Paxt. FL Card., i., p. 152 ; Lindl.,
FoL Orch., n. 54 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 336. E
cckranthiim, A. Rich. ; Ram. de S^gra, Fl. Cub.,
t. 78. E. Wageneti, Klotzsch. ; Otio and Dietr.,
Allg. Gart.Zeii. 1851, p. 250. — Guatemala to Vene-
zuela, and in Cuba. Originally introduced into
cultivation by G. U. Skinner. Flowers green,
with a white and green labellum veined with
crimson. Hort. Kew.
E. virescens =: fuscatum.
224. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) virgatum,
Lindl., in Hook. Journ. Bot., iii., p. 83; FoL
Orch., n. 38 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 352. — Mexico.
Discovered and introduced by Hartweg. Flowers
small, dirty green, stained with brown, in long,
loose, graceful panicles, having simple branches
sometimes a foot long, with nearly twenty flowers
on each. Scape sometimes 7 feet high.
225. E. virgatum? fallens, Rchb. f., Bonplandia,
1856, p. 326. — Mexico. Imported and cultivated
by Consul Schiller, of Hamburgh.
225. E. (Encyclium— Hymenochila) viridiflorum,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1S42, Misc., p. 30 ; FoL Orch.,
n. 49 ; Wiilp. Ann., vi., p. 335. Encycliaviridi'
flora. Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 2831. — Brazil. Intro-
duced from the neighbourliood of Rio by W.
Harrison, and cultivated by Mrs. Arnold Harrison,
of Aigburth, near Liverpool. Flowers small,
green, tinged with purple.
E. viridipurpureum := fuscatum.
E. viscidum =z ciUare.
227. E. (Encyclium — Holochila) vitellinum,
Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch. PL, p. 97 ; FoL Orch.,
n. 4; Wap. Ann., vi., p. 321; Lindl.. Sert.
Orch., t. 45 ; Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 35 ; Gard. Chron.
1841, p. 151; Bot. Mag., t. 4107; Paxt., Mag.
Bot., v., p. 49, with a coloured plate ; Fl. des
Serres, t. 1026 ; ///. Hort., t. 4 ; Otto and Dietr,,
Allg. Gart. Zeit. 1855, t. 7. ^ inajus, FL Mag,
1866, t. 261 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 31 ; Puydt, Les
Orch., t. 20 (copied from the Floral Magazine).-—
Mexico, First flowered by Mr. Barker, of Bir-
mingham, in 1840. This, when well grown, is one
of the finest species of the genus. The orange-
red of its flowers render it a most striking object.
It grows up to an altitude of at least 9000 feet
above the sea. Hort. Kew.
228. E. (AuLizEUM — Schistochila) viviparum,
Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., p. 10 ; Fol, Orch.,
n. 92 ; Walp. Ann,, vi., p. 348. — Guiana. Dis-
covered by Mr. Schomburgk, who sent it to
Messrs. Loddiges. Flowers small, white, clustered
at the top of a spike 2 teet long.
229. E. (Aulizeum— Schistochila) volutum, Lindl.,
Lindl. and Paxt. FL Gard., ii., p. 151, fig. 215 ;
FoL Orch., n. 114; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 354. —
Central America. Skinner introduced this species,
which has greenish -white flowers of no beauty.
E. Wageneki = virens.
230. E. (Acropleuranthium) Wallisii, Rchb. f.,
Gard. Chron., n. s., iv., p. 66, and ix., p. 462. —
New Grenada. Discovered and introduced by Mr.
Wallis for Messrs. Veitch. Flowers nearly as
large as those of E. atropurpui\.um ; sepals and
petals wholly yellow, or blotched with purple ; Up
with orange and dark purple on a white ground.
Remarkable in having both lateral and terminal
inflorescences.
231. E. (Euepidendrum— Amphiglottide^e) xan-
thinum, Lindl., Bot, Reg. 1844, Misc., p. 18 ;
FoL Orch., n. 229 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 395. E.
ellipticum \3.x.Jlavum, Lindl., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
iv., p. 382, — Brazil. Cultivated by Loddiges.
232. E. (Euepidendrum) xantholeucum, Rchb. f.
Linncsa, xxii., p. 839 ; Lindl., FoL*Orch., n. 171
Walp. Afin., vi., p. 373 ; ///. Hort., xxix., p. 51,
— Venezuela.' Introduced by Linden in 1870,
Flowers yellowish with white lip.
333. E. (Encyclium — Hymenochilum) xipheres,
Rchb. f., Fl, des Serres, ix., p. 98 ; Bonplandia,
1854, p. 89 ; Walp. Ann., vi., p. 334. — Peru.
Imported and cultivated by Messrs. Booth, of
Hamburg.
Royal Horticultural : Nov, 13.
Scientific Committee.— Sir J. D, Hooker,
K.C.S.I., in the chair. Present : Messrs. Grote,
Lynch, Boulger, Wilson, G. Murray, Pascoe, McLach-
lan, Loder, A. W. Bennett, Dr. Masters, and the
Rev, G. Henslow, Secretary.
A/r. Jensen and the Potato Disease, — Communi-
cations from Mr. Jensen and Mr. Plowright, dealing
with the proposed method of combating the disease
by laying the haulms and earthing up, was read.
Insect Egg-cases. — Mr. Pascoe showed some beau-
tiful membranous egg-cases, resembling the dry pods
of the Bladder Senna, and containing the eggs of an
insect presumed to be allied to Mantis. They were
on the branches of a Rhamnus-Uke shrub, from
Delagoa Bay, but there was not sufficient material to
determine either the insect or the shrub.
Narcissus viridiflorus, — Dr. Masters showed
flowers of this rare Narcissus, lately gathered in
Southern Spain by Mr. G. Maw,
The Sclerotia^ so-called^ of the Potato Disease. — Mr,
George Murray reported the results of the examina-
tion he had made of these bodies, to which Mr.
A. S. Wilson had called attention some time since.
As a result of the chemical examination of the bodies
in question, Dr. Flight, of the British Museum, had
determined them to be masses of oxalate of lime, and
as having no necessary connection with the Potato
fungas,
Convolviihis tricolor, — Mr. Boulger showed a
flower produced on the terminal shoot of Convolvulus
tricolor instead of a side shoot, as is customary.
Cephalotaxus Foriiinei. — Sir Joseph Hooker, on
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
635
behalf of Rev. J. Goring, of Steyning, showed ripe
fruits of Cephalotaxus Fortunei.
Ear-cockU of iVheat. — A communication was read
from Mr. W, G. Smith, wilh illustrative tlrawinj^s,
showing!; that the Iodides of the flower, which had been
supposed to be the parts involved in the formation <>(
the gall, were not really affected— at least, in all cases..
The gall was the result of a change in the pistil
caused by the Tylenchus tritici.
Packiiiii for Buihs. — Rev. (_i. Henslow showed a
quantity of the inner skin of the Coffee berry, which
it appears is now largely used for packing " Dutch "
bultjs.
Onhith in the Open Air. — Several orchids, includ-
ing, in bloom, Lycaste Skinneri, were sent from
"My Garden," by Mr. Smee, who has been making
the experiment of growing certain orchids during the
summer months in the open air, and with considerable
success.
Ajithurium Amircanum, — A specimen of this,
with two spathes, was shown, the supplementary
spathe being smaller than the primary one, and alter-
nate with it. Such malformations are not uncommon
in Aroids.
FloralCommittee.— Present: G.F.Wilson, Esq.,
in the chair ; Messrs. W. B. Kellock, James Hudson,
II, Turner, J. Dominy, G. Duffield, H. Ballantyne,
N, Ridley, J. Wills, W, Bealby, H. Bennett, J.
Laing, and Rev. G. Henslow. — Chrysanthemums
formed the staple of the florists' productions at this
meeting, small in numbers though they were. New
Japanese varieties were a strong feature, and some
remarkably good things were shown among them.
Full details of these will be found in another column.
Next to these must be placed a remarkably fine group
of Cyclamens from Mr. H. B. Smith's new nursery at
Hanwell, and which are also more fully commented
upon in another place. Of individual plants of
special interest the pride of place must be given to a
new Rhododendron from Sumatra, shown by Messrs.
James Veitch & Sons, and named in honour of
their traveller, Curtis. It is a perfect little
gem, of a dwarf compact branching habit, resembling
at first a plant of Daphne indica, but bearing
trusses of three to four small bell-shaped bright crim-
son blossoms. The leaves are lanceolate, in tufts at
the ends of the branches, and the buds protected by
leafy green scales. The same firm also showed Zygo-
petalum Burkei, a new species from Guiana, and a
pretty one to boot, the sepals and petals being broad,
greenish-yellow, heavily barred with dark chocolate-
brown, and the lip pure white, with a rosy-purple crest
at the base. From H. J. Buchan, Esq., Wilton House,
Southampton, came a curiosity in the shape of a twin-
spathed specimen of Anthurium Andreanura. A well-
grown, fresh, clean specimen of that well-known
exotic Fern, Nephrolepis exaltata, came from Mr. S.
Allen, Northenden Road, Sale, and received a vote
of thanks. Mr. G. Goldsmith, gr,, HoUanden, sent
a nice batch of Iresine formosa, a golden-leaved sport
from I. Lindeni, which has been well tried as a bed-
ding plant for three seasons, and stood the ordeal in
a satisfactory manner. A small specimen of Oncidium
Weltoni came from the collection of A, H. Smee,
Esq., The Grange, Wallingford ; and from G. Neville
Wyatt, Esq., Lake House, Cheltenham, came a
healthy specimen, with two spikes of bloom, of
Cymbidium affine, Mr. Willam Bull contributed
a small batch of hybrid Sarracenias, two of
which were selected for the award of certificates.
S. Swaniana x , a cross between S. variolaris and S.
purpurea, and more erect in habit than the latter
parent, though not so good in colour ; and S. Wil-
sonianax, the parentage of which is S. Drummondii
alba X S. purpurea, erect in habit, considerably
tiller than S. purpurea, and good in colour. Sar-
ricenia Mitchelliana :< , a form with slender erect
trumpet-shaped pitchers, said to be a cross between
Drummondi and purpurea. Sarracenia Maddisoni-
ana >' , a form like a green variety of purpurea, but
with faint white spots indicative of its origin, which
is said to be from S. variolaris and S. psittacina.
Spathiphyllum Minahass^e, an Aroid like S. cannvT^-
f jlium, but with much larger and broader leaves, and
a large white spathe. Trichosme suavis, an Orchid
with erect stems, lanceolate leaves, and racemes of
small ivory-white flowers ; the lateral lobes of the lip
are erect, wilh violet stripes on a white ground, and
the central lobe yellow, with longitudinal yellow
crests. Sirracenia viridis, a green form of purpurea,
and S. Tolliana < , stated to be a hybrid between pur-
p irea and flava, were also shown. A small, neat
s lecimen of Celsia cretica, in a 4S-pot, and bearing
t iree spikes of its yellow blossoms, was exhibited by
Mr. Hudson ; and Mr. Allen, gr. to Lord Suffield,
seit a good stand of blooms of Comte Brazza's white
viriety of Neapolitan Violet. Messrs. Cannell &
S jns, amongst other subjects, sent cut blooms of a
n jmber of varieties of single Chrysanthemums, several
of which bore a singular resemblance to Pyrethrums,
The awards made were : —
Fint-class Certificate.
To Messrs. John Laing .S: Co., for Chrysanthemum
(Japdneie) roaeum buperbum.
To Messrs. John Laing & Co., for Chrysanthemum
(pompon) Mdlle. D'Arnaud.
To Messrs. James Vt;itcli & Sons, for Chrysanlhenmm
(Japanese) roseuni supcrbum.
To Messrs. James Veitcli & Sons, for Chrysanthemum
(pompon) Mdlle. D'.\rnaud.
To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Chrysanthemum
Comet.
To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, for Chrysanthemum
Salter!.
To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, (or Rhododendron
Curtisii.
To Messrs. J.inics Veitch & Sons, for Zygopetalum
Burkei.
To Messrs. Jackson & Son, for Chrysanthemum
(Japanese) Mons. H. Jacobi.
To Messrs. Jackson iS: Son, for Chrysanthemum
(Japanese) Madame Le Croix.
To Mr. J. Ridout, for Chrysanthemum Bcndigo.
To Mr. Geo. Stevens, for Chrysanthemum George
Stevens.
To Mr. G. Goldsmith, for Iresine formosa.
To G. N. Wyatt, Esq., for Cymbidium aflme.
To Mr. William Bull, for Trichosma suavis.
To Mr. William Bull, for Sarracenia Wilsonianax.
To Mr. William Bull, for Sarracenia Swaniana x.
To Mr. Allan, for white Neapolitan Violet Comte
Brazza.
Fruit Committee.— Present : John Lee, Esq.,
in the chair ; Messrs. H. J, Veitch, II. Lyon, A. W.
Sutton, J. Burnet, J. Smith, R. D. Biackmore, and
Geo. Paul. The committee had before them a num-
ber of Apples, sent up from Chiswick for further con-
sideration, and one of the results arrived at was the
award of a First-class Certificate to Mr. Penny, for
the Sandringham Apple, a large and very distinct
variety, that came prominently under notice during
the late Apple show. It is a heavy, conical-shaped
fruit, green skinned, specked with innumerable small
russety spots, and slightly coloured on the
sunny side, and of first-rate culinary qualities.
Another fine variety, also certificated, is Tay-
lor's Kernel, which was exhibited by Mr. Parker,
The Gardens, Moretons Grove, Hereford. It is
a large handsome, culinary or dessert variety, highly
coloured on the sunny side, and of high specific
gravity. Mr. Allen, gr. to Lord Suffield, sent three
large and remarkably well finished bunches of Gros
Colmar Grapes, for which he received a Bronze
Medal. Mr. Allen also sent some good examples of
the Telegraph Cucumber. Mr. Horsefield, Heytes-
bury, showed under the name of Chatsworth Seed-
ling three large bunches of a well shouldered, medium
sized black Grape. Mr. G. R. Allis, gr., Old Warden
Park, Biggleswade, showed a dish of Lady Downe's
Grapes, and also a specially good one of Pearson's
Golden Queen, long, neat, and particularly well
finished bunches. Messrs. James Veitch & Sons con-
tributed a collection of Capsicums, and Messrs. James
Dickson & Sons, of Chester, a seedling scarlet-fleshed
Melon named Master Charlie. Mr, B. S. Williams
exhibited a bunch of a black Grape named Winter
King, which was stated to have been obtained by
grafting Gros Colmar on Raisin de Calabre, the latter
(the stock) completely changing the character of the
former in its fruit and foliage, the berries being oval
instead of nearly round, and of a deep blue-black
colour, and the flavour sweet and refreshing. The
graft was put on two years ago, and produced six
bunches, all alike, which give promise of keeping well
for some time yet. We should be glad of confirma-
tory evidence of this very curious phenomenon.
flopts' JloiD^rs.
New Chrysanthemums at South Kensing-
TON. — As might have been expected, new Chrysan-
themums were somewhat prominently represented at
the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on the
13th inst., and it was to be noted that novelties of the
Japanese section were numerous, while those of the
incurved, large-flowering and pompon sections were
very sparingly represented, Messrs. J. Laing & Co.,
Stanstead Park Nursery, Forest Hill, sent a good
group, consisting mainly of new Japanese varieties,
with a few incurved and pompon types present also.
First-class Certificates of Merit were awarded to the fol-
lowing, selected from this group : — Roseum superbum,
bright rosy-pink in colour ; narrow ribbon-like petals,
large and full ; very distinct and charming in colour,
and an excellent addition to the Japanese section.
Other fine types were Source d'Or, golden-cinnamon,
quilled petals, ball-like flowers, fine and distinct ;
Mons. Boyer, the flowers in the way of James Salter,
rosy-magenta with a pale reverse ; L'Or du Rhin,
pure gold, small, thick, thread-like petals, charming
in colour, and very free — a capital decorative variety ;
Boule d'Argent, very deep, bright, orange-red, with
a golden reverse to the petals, very showy ; Mons.
Moussilac, dull orange-red, golden-bulf reverse, style of
flower of James Salter, very distinct; Mons. Astorg, a
large, pure white variety in the way of Elaine, with broad,
flat petals ; Flamme du Punch, golden centre, orange
and cinnamon petals, sulphur reverse ; Margot, a
somewhat singularly flowered variety, the exterior
petals lilac, enclosing dense centres of creamy white
ribbon-like florets, forming a ball, but which hang
down instead of being erect ; and iMons. Brunet, a
large-flowered delicate pink variety. A First-class
Certificate of Merit was awarded to pompon Madame
Durnaud, of the same small symmetrical form as
Model of Perfection, but bright pale purple in colour,
and very free.
Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Exotic Nursery, Chelsea,
also exhibited a group of plants, including some new
varieties raised by Mr. Alfred Salter. I''irst-class
Certificates of Merit were awarded to Salteri (Salter),
a reflexed Japanese, very large full flowers, bright
orange-red, the reverse deep gold ; very fine, large
and bold ; Roseum superbum, described above ; and
Comet (Salter), pale reddish or orange-brown, the
reverse of the petals pale gold, the exterior petals
reflexed, centre florets incurved, distinct and very
free. The following was also shown : — Duchess of
Albany (Salter), a large variety with long thread-like
petals, the centre white, the exterior delicate lilac.
A First-class Certificate of Merit was also awarded to
pompon Mons. Lidguet, deep purple in colour, very
full and finely formed flowers, extra fine.
Some cut flowers shown by Mr. George Stevens, of
Putney, represented seedling Japanese varieties ob-
tained from seed sown in February, 1SS2. Foremost
was George Stevens, without doubt the finest new
Japanese Chrysanthemum shown on this occasion ; a
flat petalled reflexed variety in the way of Dr. Sharpe,
with bright crimson florets, somewhat broad, the
reverse gold and cream ; very distinct, medium-sized,
compact flowers. This was most deservedly awarded
a First-class Certificate of Merit. W. Robinson,
cinnamon and gold, large in size, half twisted and
half quilled petals, very fine, was also included in this
batch, and one or two unnamed seedlings of promise.
Messrs. T. Jackson & Son, nurserymen, Kingston,
had stands of cut blooms of new Japanese varieties,
and First-class Certificates of Merit were awarded to
Mdlle. La Croix, pure white., large, slightly incurved
and twisted white ribbon-like petals ; very fine and
distinct; and Mons. Henri Jacotot, pale orange-red,
deepening to rich purple on the exterior petals, the
centre petals gold ; medium-sized, full and distinct ;
Mons. Astorg was in fine form, also Flamme du
Punch, Rosea superba, and Mons. Romain, deep
golden thread-like petals, very fine in colour, not
unlike L'Or du Rhin ; a pretty incurved variety,
named Jeanne d'Arc, white, slightly tipped and
striped with bright lilac, was also shown.
From Mr. Ridout, gr. to T. B. Hayward, Esq.,
came cut blooms of Bendigo, a fine pale golden sport
from the creamy-white and pink Mrs. Heale, and
which promises to make a very fine exhibition variety,
accorded a First-class Certificate of Merit. There is,
therefore, no lack of new Chrysanthemums, espe-
cially of the Japanese section.
Single Chrysanthemums. — Whether these will
ever rival in popularity the single forms of the
Dahlia remains to be seen ; but Messrs, H. Cannell
cS; Sons made some of them known to the public by
producing a collection of twelve varieties in bunches
at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on
Tuesday last. The most showy were Dr. Kellock,
Ellen Terry, Mrs. Wills, Mrs. Santley, G. A. Sala,
and Miss Lingard. They appear to lack the refine-
ment and attractiveness of the single flowered
Anemone varieties, but they may hit the public taste
and be sought after. Possibly improvements may be
looked for in the course of two or three years.
CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOWS.
Kings ION and Sukbiton. — The seventh annual
ihow of this Society was held in the spacious Drill HaTl
at Kingston, on Thursday last, the available area being
well occupied with the groups of plants in pots, and the
tables lor cut blooms, fruit, and table decorations. The
difterent items shown, whether cut blooms or Chrysan-
themums in pots, will bear comparison with any that have
been exhibited this year at metropolitan shows. This
remark will especially hold good of those that were put
up in competition for the Challenge Vase of 25 guineas
value, the freshness of the blooms and their good form
and size being remarked by all. This prize was awarded
to Mr. E. Molyneux, gr to W. H, Myers, Esq.,
bwanmore Pork, Bishop's Walthaui. The following
636
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[November 17, 1883,
are the most noticeable blooms in the winning stand
of forty-eight, equally divided between incurved and
Japanese sorts : — Queen of England, Refulgence, Orange
Perfection, Barbara, Le Grand, Mrs. Heale, Baron Beust,
Beauty, and Mrs. Howe. Among the Japanese kinds may
be mentioned, although it seems somewhat invidious to do
so, Thunberg, Boule d'Or, Sarnia, Baron de Frailly,
Comte de Germiny, Khedive, Japanaise, Margaret,
Monarch, Dolores, Criterion, P^re Delaux. The 2d
prize in this class was awarded to Mr. G. Harding, gr. to
T. D. Galpin, Esq., Bristol House, Putney ; the 3d to Mr.
Stenne. The prizes for the best collection of Chrysan-
themums in pots were, ist, Mr. Buss, gr. to A. S. Price,
Esq., Parkside, Ewell. This lot was made up of
tolerably dwarf, large-flowered specimens, in which
those with yellow shades predominated. 2d, Mr.
Orchard, gr. to J. Galsworthy, Esq., Combe Leigh,
Kingston Hill, whose plants were in greater variety,
but taller, and with bloom of less substance.
The 3d prize went to Mr. D. Gibbons, gr. to Mrs. Becks-
ford, O.vford House, and the 4th to Mr. R. Watson, gr. to
J. McKostie, Esq., Eden House, Kingston. For six large-
flowered trained specimens, distinct, Mr. G. King, gr.,
Wolseley Grange, Esher, who was ist, had excellent Lady
Harding, Miss Dixon, John Salter, Mrs. G. Rundle.
For six trained pompons, distinct, ist, Mr. J. Lyne, gr.,
The Belvedere, Wimbledon, with good plants, amongst
them being Dick Turpin, CaUiope, Lilac, and Gold
Cedo Nulli. Cut blooms of incurved varieties. — Twenty-
four were well exhibited by Mr. Molyneux, Mr. G. Har-
ding, Mr. G. Woodgate, and Mr. Macpherson, who
were respectively ist, 2d, 3d, and 4th. For twenty-four
Japanese varieties, ist. Mr. Beckett, gr. to J. P. Currie,
Esq., Sandown House, who had first-class blooms of
Boule d'Or, Magnum Bonum, Thunberg, and Criterion ;
2d, Mr. King, in whose stand were Red Gauntlet, Bal-
moreanum, Madame La Croix ; 3d, Mr. C. Herrin, gr.,
Chalfont Park, Gerrard's Cross ; 4th, Mr. Woodgate.
In the class for reflexed kinds Mr. Molyneux was again
a winner of the ist prize, with twelve capital blooms in
six varieties, very good being Gold Christine, King of
Crimsons, Dr. Sharp, Mrs. Forsyth, and Cloth of Gold ;
2d, Mr. Gibbon, gr. to Mrs. Beckford, Oxford House,
Kingston ; 3d, Mr. Child.
Fruit. — In the competition for the best six dishes, ist,
Mr. Bates, who had a good Smooth Cayenne Pine, fair
Black Alicante Grapes, Muscat of Alexandria, Chau-
montel, and Glou Morceau Pears, and Blenheim Orange
Apples ; 2d, Mr. Munroe, gr. Cambridge House ; 3d,
Mr. Beckett. In our next week's issue a more detailed
account of this exhibition will be afforded our readers,
when we shall have more space to mention the other
excellent floral productions that were shown.
Stoke NEV\fiNGTON.— The members of this Society
held their annual show at the Assembly Rooms, Church
Street, on Monday, In point of quantity the committee
had to deplore a considerable falling off from previous
years, and some slight departure from the high standard
of quality for which Stoke Newington has long been
famous. Perhaps a more active canvas among horti-
culturists generally, far and near, and the infusion of
fresh talent in the still admirable management, may be
of much future good. What will perhaps do still more,
will be to touch their amour propre, as has been done at
this show by an exhibitor hailing from so distant a
place as Sheffield, for when their best prizes go to
outsiders local efforts will probably begin to look up.
The plants staged in the class for ten were nice, well
grown stuff, and reflected considerable credit on
their growers, although so marked were the diffences
between the various groups that the judges were
in difficulty as to whom the awards were due.
Mr. Monk, gr. to H. Fowler, Esq., Forest House, Ley-
tonstone, who was placed ist, had Dr. Sharp, Prince of
Wales, Venus, Golden George Glenny, Mrs. Rundle,
The Cossack, Peter the Great, White Venus. Mr. George
Glenny and Sceur Melanie in handsome moderately large
examples, trained in that reasonable round form which
well fits the plants for conservatory decoration. Mr.
Payne, gr. to C. Paine, Esq., The Cedars, Stamford
Hill, who came in 2d, had also some choice specimens in
Rosinante, Prince of Wales, John Salter, and Cedo NuUi,
In the competition with six plants the same exhibitors
again took the prizes : the former gardener had Lord
Derby, Elaine, Antonelli ; and Mr. Payne, Purple King,
not fully out, but still good in other points ; Venus, and
J. Salter. Mr. Gilby, gr. to B. Booth, Esq., Upper
Clapton, who won in the competition for four plants, was
fortunate in his Barbara, Lady Hardinge, Mrs. Rundle,
and George Glenny ; these were in good bloom, and not
too stiffly trained. The standards of Mr. Payne and Mr.
Gilby were very pretty plants with plenty of bloom,
among which we noticed Cossack, Elaine, Prince of
Wales, Empress of India, and Venus. Pompons
were fairly represented, some handsome plants of
Sceur Melanie, Prince Victor, a rich chestnut ; An-
tonius, the pink Cedo NuUi, and hlac Cedo Nulli,
being shown by Mr. Payne. Mr. Gilby had a pretty
Marie Stuart, and white and lilac Cedo NuUi.
The bright coloured Sunset, a reddish-chestnut, was
present in Messrs. Payne's and Gilby's lots of standard
pompons. Cut blooms were rather numerously shown
as a whole. The first lot of twenty-four in the open
class contained some good blooms, notably of Golden
Empress of India, Princess of Wales, Princess of Teck,
Prince Alfred, Barbara, Princess Beatrice, Chenib, and
George Glenny. These were staged by Mr. J. Udale,
gr., Shirecliffe Hall, Sheffield, whose blooms in this and
another class were undoubtedly the best in the room.
The blooms staged by Mr. Gilby, and which were
awarded the Silver Cup in the local class for twenty-four
imbricated flowers, consisted of fine sorts, among which
were Mrs. Heale, John Salter, Bronze Jardindes Plantes,
Isabella Bott, Rev. ]. Dix, Venus, Princess Beatrice,
Barbara, Hero of Stoke Newington, Mrs. Brunlees, Mr.
Bunn, Cherub, White Beverley, Guernsey Nugget, Lady
Hardinge, and Prince Alfred. Mr. Martin had also good
St. Patrick, Mr. Bunn, John Salter, Cherub. The
Japanese section was mamly made up of the newer
flowers in this class — Flambeaux, and Flambeaux rose ;
Madame Mouline, Mr. Charles Huber, a crimson and
orange, the reflex of petals being bright yellow ; Gloire
de Toulon, L'Incomparable, a beautiful narrow petalled
orange ; Thunberg, primrose, incurved ; Mr. Castel,
Bismarck, The Sultan, Comte de Germiny, Grand Turk,
and Rubra Striata, a purplish-crimson, striped slightly
with gold. These brilliant flowers were of great size,
and most conspicuous by contrast of their bizarre tints
with the more sober hues of the imbricated and small-
flowered sections. The dais in the hall was admirably
filled up with fine-foliaged plants, so that the "horrid
void " was less noticeable than it would have been, some
very creditable specimens of Seaforthiaelegans, Pandanus
and Ferns being there arranged. In front of these was
placed, not for competition, a collection of fruit, by Mr.
W. J. Smith, of 128, High Street, Stoke Newington,
consisting of seasonable varieties of Apples and Pears,
together with some apparently good foreign Pines, Pome-
granates, Nuts, &:c. The same enterprising gentleman
also contributed a variety of bouquets tastefully con-
trived. Dividing the long table longitudinally on which
the cut blooms of Chrysanthemums were displayed, weie
some small decorative dinner plants — too small, indeed,
to serve as a suitable background or foil for the flowers.
Borough of Lambeth. — The annual show of this
amateurs' society extended from Monday to Wednesday
evening. This modest attempt to bring before the
inhabitants of South London the prettiest of autumn
flowers, and one that is within their compass to attempt
its cultivation, meets with well deserved success, the
Lecture Hall in which the exhibition was held being
much visited in the evening ; and so numerous are the
exhibits likely to become at no remote date that doubts
are expressed as to the capability of the present hall to
contain them. When it is considered how small is the
area — i^ mile from the "Elephant and Castle" — the
wonder is that so many good things could be found on
what at first sight seems to be a most unpromising field
for horticultural efforts. The gardens are generally small,
and surrounded with tall buildings, so that it is not only
the extra abundance of smoke and dust that the plants
must fight with, but, in addition, they are deprived of
much sunshine. As .encouragement to the efforts of
local enthusiasts w-e noticed a plated tea-pot, two silver
cups, a massive inkstand, and two albums. Some excel-
lent cut blooms of Japanese sorts were shown by Mr.
Child, who was ist, Mr. H. Ellis 2d, and Mr. C. H.
Payne 3d. In the incurved class Mr. Child was again
ist, Mr. Ball 2d, and Mr. Ellis 3d ; some of these
incurved blooms were small, but very fair examples of
amateur culture. Reflexed varieties were exhibited by,
ist, Mr. Payne ; 2d, Mr. Williams ; 3d, Mr. W. Addison.
The sorts were well chosen, consisting of Chevalier
Domage, Attraction. Ariadne, Golden Christine, Dr.
Sharp, Pink Christine, Progne, Julie Lagravere, Mrs.
Forsyth. The various sections of plants in pots were well
bloomed in most instances, and, as a rule, were allowed
to grow quite innocent of tying or wiring ; and it must
be said that these children of Nature compared favour-
ably with those that unluckily had been tortured
into pyramids, globes, and other shapes. Pompons
were well shown by Mr. Clarke, Mr. Mills, and Mr.
Howett, the blooms being fully open, and the foliage of
the healthiest description. Some good kinds in cut
blooms were exhibited by honorary members of the
Society. Thus, for twelve incurved blooms, dissimilar,
Mr. Richards was ist, Mr. Eraser 2d, and Mr. Crisp 3d.
In the competition for Japanese sorts Mr. Fraser was ist ;
2d, Mr. Richards ; 3d, Mr. Crisp. This was a very
good lot, containing some of the newest sorts of the
section. The Anemone-flowered Chrysanthemums shown
by these members were also good and well chosen.
Putney and District.— The sixth annual meeting
of this Society was held in the Assembly Rooms, Putney,
on Tuesday, and, favoured as exhibitors have been by
the very pleasant weather of the last week, the blooms
exhibited showed to much advantage, and but few badly
formed ones could be detected in the rather extensive
collection that had been so assiduously brought together.
The competition for the best collection brought an excel-
lent show of twenties from several gentlemen's gardeners
of the neighbourhood, the plants and collections being
of a very even quality throughout, with finely developed
blooms set off in all cases by stout healthy foliage. In
this class the ist, a Silver Cup, was won by Mr. A.
Newell, gr. to Sir Edwin Saunders, Bart., Wimbledon
Common, Mr. G. W. Knowles, gr. to G. M. Allender,
Esq., Park Lane, being 2d ; Messrs. Mahood & Son,
Windsor Nurseries, Putney, 3d ; and Mr. ]. Carter, gr.
to J. Parr, Esq., Heathside, Wimbledon, 4th. In the
class for four large flowered varieties, distinct, Mr. Tyte,
gr. to Mrs. Reid. Heathcroft, came in ist ; Mr. Bentley,
gr. to Sir T. Gabriel, Bart., 2d ; and Messrs. Tigwell
& Son, Mortlake, 3d. In the single plant competition
Messrs. Mahood & Son took the lead, with a capital
specimen of the Golden George Glenny ; 2d, C, W.
Knowles, with Mrs. Dixon ; 3d, Mr. J. Hopkins, gr. to
S. Williams, Esq., The Laurels, with a good Earon
Beust. Single plants, Japanese varieties, were exhibited
in competition by Mr. Stacey, gr. to E. Nixey, Esq.,
who was 1st, with a nicely grown Dr. Masters, a fine
crimson-bronze, every flower of which seemed perfection ;
2d, Mr. J. Bentley, with Elaine ; 3d, J. Pepper, Esq.,
St. John's Road. In the class for large flowered stand-
ard plants Mr. Stacey was again ist, Mr. Tyte, 2d, and
Messrs. Tigwell & Son 3d. The plants shown in the
above sections were chiefly, if not quite all, of the older
known kinds ; even among the Japanese varieties, of
which there are so many fine novelties, the old sorts
predominated. Pompons were very prettily shown in
dwarf healthy plants, tastefully trained by Mr. Tyte,
who was ist ; and Mr. C. Bentley, gr. to T. C.
Baring, Esq., The Cedars, who came in 2d; Messrs.
Hopkins, Tyte, and Stacey were awarded prizes for
single pompons in theorder in which theirnames are given.
The cut blooms of incurved sorts, shown in a class for
twenty-four, were well contested, the several collections
consisting of exceptionally good flowers. 1st, Mr. G.
Harding, gr. to D. T. Galpin, Esq. : excellent in this lot
were Prince Alfred, Mr. Bunn, Empress of India, Lady
Hardinge, Novelty, Refulgens. as good as we have seen
it this season ; Princess Beatrice, Barbara, Nil Desper-
andum. White Venus, Princess of Teck, Queen of
England, Mrs. Heale, Mrs. Dixon, Prince of Wales,
Venus, Golden Perfection, Hero of Stoke Nevrington,
Mrs. Rundle, Empress Eugenie, Jean d'Arc. 2d, Mr.
Holmes, gr. to G. M. Storey, Esq., Nightingale Lane,
who had most of the above-named sorts, and Mrs. Ship-
man, Barbara, Mons. Corbay, Cherub, Baron Beust ;
3d, Mr, Hopkins, The Laurels, Richmond Road. In
the next best class, that for twelve incurved large flower-
ing variety, Messrs. Mahood — whose Mr. Bunn. Emily
Dale, Cherub. J. Salter, Golden Empress, Empress
Eugenie. Empress of India, were very choice examples —
came in ist ; 2d, Mr. G. Harding ; 3d. Mr, M, Sullivan,
gr. to D. B. Chapman, Esq., Roehampton. Messrs.
T. Bentley, Mr. Sullivan, and Mr. C. Woodham, gr. to
P. Davies, Esq., Earlsfield, took the prizes for six in-
curved flowers in the sequence of their names. The
handsome Anemone flowered section was well repre-
sented in Messrs. Mahood & Son's collection, with
Fleur de Marie, Lady Margaret, Mr. Pethers, Geo.
Sands, and Gllick ; 2d, Mr. Bentley ; 3d, Mr. James
Lee, gr. to G. R. Stevenson, Esq., Albemarle Lodge.
In the competition for twelve Japanese varieties some
very beautiful blooms were shown, probably as large as
is often seen at metropolitan shows, ist, Messrs.
Mahood & Son, who had Agr^raent de la Nature, Mrs.
Townshend, Balmoreanum, M. Marouch, Mrs. J. Mahood,
Garnet (a grand crimson), Joseph Mahood, Mr. Burnet,
Baron de Prailly, Meg Merrilies, M. Ardene, Triomphe
de la Rue Chatelet ; 2d, Mr. M. Sullivan, who had ex-
cellent flowers of Erecta superba, M. Delaux, Fulgore,
Comte de Germiny ; 3d, Mrs. Jas. Lee, For six Japanese
varieties, ist, Mr. ]. Bentley, in whose lot were Mde.
Moulise, Golden Dragon, Comte de Beauregard ; 2d.
Mr. M. Sullivan ; 3d, Mr. G, Stevens, St. John's
Nurseries, Cut blooms of pompons were nicely shown
in trusses. The ist prize went to Mr. J. Tyte, the 2d
to Mr. D. Ansdell, gr, to G. Reid, Esq,, Putney ; and
the 3d to Mr. J. Bentley. In the competition with twelve
cut blooms, in which single-handed gardeners only could
meet, Mr. E. Coombes, gr.. Lawn Bank, Teddington,
was ist, with some capital Japanese sorts, such as Soleil
Levant, Madame Andiguier, Comtesse Beauregard, Rosa
Bonheur, Mr. J. Burnet, &c. ; 2d, Mr. J. Carter ; 3d,
Mr. J. Hopkins. In the amateurs' classes for groups of
twelve Chrysanthemums J. Pepper, Esq.. was ist ; H,
A, Rolt, Esq., 2d; and Miss Tippins 3d, Pompons
were also shown by the same exhibitors, with the lady
heading the list this time. A special prize was given by
Mr, G. Stevens, St, John's Nursery, for twelve cut
blooms — four incurved, four Japanese, and four Anemone-
flowered — the ist prize for which \vas taken by Messrs.
Mahood & Son, the 2d by Mr. G. Hopkins, and the 3d
by Mr. Bentley. Other special prizes were also given by
H. Pitt, Esq., for groups of decorative plants, which
brought forth some useful subjects, wherewith the corners
of the saloon and the spaces between the flower groups
were duly filled up, and without which a certain amount
of baldness would have prevailed. Some excellent Ali-
cante Grapes were shown by Mr, Holmes and S. Howard,
Esq. ; and capital Apples by Mr, Stevenson, Mr. Smith,
and C. Maskell, Esq. ; and smaller quantities, but far
finer fruits, by Messrs. F. Bush, J. SmoUet, and J. Bent,
Good lots of seasonable kitchen garden productions were
shown by Messrs, Tigwell & Son, ist ; Mr, D. Camp-
bell 2d, and Mr. C. Knowles 3d.
Torquay, — The annual Chrysanthemum exhibition
was held in the Bath Saloons, Torquay, on the 7th and
8th inst. The Chrysanthemum was not shown up to the
usual standard, as far as the plants are concerned — the
judges rightly passing over a collection very stiffly trained,
and where an immense number of huge stakes were ex-
posed, which really formed one of the principal features
of the collection, to one of less formal training and more
pleasing. The number of entries for plants appeared to
be as large as usual. Competition for cut flowers showed
a falling off. Some good flowers were shown on the
stand of Mr. Dolly, gr. to Mrs. Wild, Newton Abbot,
who took the lead in almost all the open classes and
those confined to residents within ten miles of Torquay.
The restricting exhibitors in the cut flower classes,
which in a Chrysanthemum exhibition forms the prin-
cipal feature, is a mistake, because the funds are
diminished and the schedule prizes of course small.
Fruit was shown well, the Earl of Kinnoul taking all
the leading prizes for Grapes, and Jas. Searle, Esq,,
Crediton, for Apples and Pears. Pears were excellent
indeed shown in this gentleman's collection, namely,
Doyenn^ du Comice, Beurre Diel, Chaumontel, Beurr^
Bachelier, Easter Beurr^, very fine and clean, finely
coloured; Belle de Jersey, and Behssime d'Hiver, His
Apples also were very good. The collection of three
dozen varieties, exhibited by Messrs. Veitch & Son, were
very fair specimens, clean and well grown, comprising
the most popular varieties grown. The Rev. W, H.
Gretton, Torquay, exhibited a very nice collection of two
dozen varieties from his estate in Hereford. Vegetables
were good, but not very numerously contested. The
local nurserymen, through some misunderstanding, were
only represented by Messrs. Burridge, of Paignton, who
put up a very nice collection of mixed decorative plants.
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
637
Eastbourne.— The first exhibition held by this
Society was most creditable to all concerned, comprising
the usual kinds, except in a few instances. In the two
popular classes of twenty-four, cut flowers. Mr. Ridout,
of Reigate, carried all before him ; in the twenty-four in-
curved, we noticed a very fine flower, a sport irom Mrs.
Heale, named Bendigo a very peculiar pleasing bronze-yel-
low, the whole build and shape nearly perfect, it w;is awarded
a First-class Certificate. In the twenty-four Japanese
Mr. Ridout was again ist, with Chinaman, Beaut(!^ de
Toulouse. Albert, very beautiful ; Triomphe du Nord.
Source d'Or, Elaine, all grand flowers indeed. For a new
Society and a new beginner. Mr. Jupp, gr. to — Molion,
Ksf|.. showed well, and bids fair to marcli well to the
front another year. Perhaps the most unusual featurein 'he
show was a collection of double Dahlias from the Presi-
dent, H. Wood, Esq., staged side by side with Chrysan-
themums. It is very rare that Jack Frost permits these
two genera to meet face to fac •. The competition groups
were well done and very pretty but the large trade col-
lection from Mr. Scott, of some hundreds of plants,
stretched across from side to side of the New Floral Hall.
in Downshire Park, was tlie largest we have ever seen
and the best arranged ; edged with Mignonette, Ferns and
mosses, it gave a charm to the whole. These together with
the usual and tasteful group of Cannell & Sons, of Swan-
ley, comprising cut blooms of single and double Pelar-
goniums. Primulas, &c., constituted the attractive fea-
tures of the show; both received the usual rewards. Mr.
Davis, of Camberwell, showed a stand of cut flowers, not
for competition, and was aUo awarded a First-class Certi-
ficate for Mary Major, a beautiful white Japanese variety.
Fruit was very sparingly shown, but very good, particu-
larly Black Muscat of Alexandria Grapes. Vegetables
were more plentifully shown, and some of the collections
very good.
Borough of Hackney.— The thirty-seventh annual
show of this Society was held on Wednesday and Thurs-
day, at the Westminster Royal Aquarium, resulting in
what all observers were compelled to describe as the
best show of these flowers held by any society in that
place. The fine seasonable weather contributed largely
to the production of first-class blooms ; that was not
more especially remarked than in the two sections of
Japanese and incurved Chrysanthemums, these being
the first to deteriorate in damp ungenial weather. The
eflTect of the whole was greatly enhanced by several
imposing groups of Palms and other large fine-foliaged
plants, arranged in two points in the middle portion of
the space set apart for show purposes — the florally
decorated fountain at the end contributing prominently
to the general good effect. The large groups placed in
contact with this object, being backed up by the Palms,
were seen to great advantage, The foremost of these,
although not for competition, consisted of large well
flowered examples sent by J, Mc Andrews, Esq., Bel-
mont, Mill HiU (Mr. Lowry, gr.), the most pleasing
flowers being LTsle des Plaisirs, a beauUful orange and
gold— very rich ; Japan hybrid Snowball, Baron Beust,
La Nymphe, a pale pink reflexed sort ; JuHe Lagrav^re,
and other good old kinds. Right and left from these
the competing groups were arranged with good effect,
their imposing size and height, the latter property,
although culturally a fault, standing them in good stead.
The 1st prize, a Silver Cup, was awarded to Messrs. Ma-
hood & Son, Putney ; 2d, Mr. G. Stevens, Putney ; 3d,
Mr. N. Davis, 66, Warner Road. Camberwell. For six
plants Mr. Cherry, gr. to Mrs. Gabriel. Norfolk House,
Streatham, was ist ; Mr. R. Payne, Stamford Hill, 2d ;
and Mr. Archer, gr. to |. J. Griffiths, Highbury, 3d.
For four standards Mr. Weller, Bexley, was ist ; Mr.
R. Payne 2d, and Mr. G. Archer 3d. In the pompon
section, which were exceedin£;ly well done, Mr. G.
Archer came in ist ; Mr. Cherry 2d. and Mr. R.
Payne 3d. The prizes for foliage plants were awarded
to Mr. Archer, ist ; Mr. Payne 2d. Mr. Stevens 3d.
Inihe cut flower class, for twenty-four incurved blooms,
distinct, Mr. E. Sanderson. St. Mary's Road. Harlesdon,
took the leading honours, showing fine blooms of Em-
press of India, A, Salter, Emily Dale. Lady Hardinge,
Empress Eugenie, Jardin des Plantes. John Salter,
Princess of Teck, Duchess of Wellington. Princess of
Wales. Abbt5 Passaglia, Golden Eagle. Mrs. Shipman,
Mrs. Heale. Golden Empress. Venus, Nil Desperandum,
Cherub, Guernsey Nugget, Barbara. Queen of England,
Legrand, and White Venus ; 2d, Mr. C. J. Salter, gr. to
J. Southgate, Esq.. Selborne. Streatham ; 3d, Mr. J.
Clark, gr. to Mrs. joad. Patching House, Worthing.
For eighteen incurved blooms the prizes were awarded as
follows :— ist. Mr. E. Sanderson, with Mary Morgan and
similar varieties, as shown by him in the larger class ; 2d,
Mr. J. Major, gr. to G. J. P. Kidstone, Esq., Nyn
Park, Northam, Potter's Bar ; 3d, Messrs. Saltmarsh,
Chelmsford. For twelve incurved blooms the ist went
to Mr. Udale, from distant Shirecliffe Hall Gardens,
Sheffield, who had capital blooms of Queen of England,
Alf. Salter. Empress of India, Princess of Wales. Mrs.
Heale. Isabella Bott, and other older favourite sorts ;
2d., Mr. C. Herrin, Challont Park Gardens, Gerrard's
Cross, who had the beautiful Lord Wolseley, in good
form ; 3d. Mr. Spreckley, gr., Worplesdon Place, Guild-
ford. The winners for six incurved blooms were : — ist,
Mr. Prickett, gr. to J. Gribble, Es(i., Bohun Lodge
Gardens, East Barnet, who had Prince Alfred, Golden
Empress, Barbara, and others of much excellence ; 2d,
Mr. Sprickley ; 3d, Messrs. Saltmarsh, Chelmsford. The
prizes in the Anemone-flowered section— one that is
usually a weak one in all shows, but which here was
represented by some very fine examples — fell to Mr. Ed.
Berry, Roehampton House, ist, with Marguerite de
Norway, Louise Bonamy, G. Sands, Marginatum,
Gliick, Prince of Anemones, Lady Marguerite ; 2d,
E. C. Jukes, Esq., Hope House, Winchmore Hill, who
had good King of Anemones, and Fteur de Marie ; 3d,
Messrs. Mahood & Son. Anemone pompons were but
few, the prize-winners being, ist, Mr. W. Butcher,
Hadley, Barnet ; 2d. Mr. Hillier, 139. Great Suffolk Street,
Borough ; 3d, W. Long, Esq., 50, Clifton Hill. St. John's
Wood. For twenty-four Japanese blooms, distinct, ist,
Mr. Ridout. gr. to T. B. llaywood. Esq., Reigate, with
splendid flowers of the following sorts ; — L'lncom-
p.irable. The Daimio, AgriSment de la Nature, China-
man. Beauti!' de Toulouse. Fulgore, Comte de CJer-
miny, Oracle, Nuit d'Hiver, Erectum superhutn,
Triomphe du Nord, Bouquet Fait. The Cossack. Peter
the Great. Chang. Sarnia, Soleil Levant, Madame
Andiguier. Fair Maid of Guernsey, Madame Rendatler.
2r). Nlessrs. Dixon & Co.. Amhurst Nurseries, Hackney.
In this lot were excellent blooms of Criterion, Madame
Houchariet, LaFtie Ragouse, and Album plenum ; 3d, Mr.
C. Herrin. For twelve Japanese blooms, distinct, ist,
Mr. Maxted, gr, to the Marquis of Ely, Kearnsey Abbey,
Devon, who had fine examples of P(5re Delaux, Duchess
of Connaught, Illustration. Ethel ; 2d, Mr. W. Jupp, gr.
to J. Boulton, Esq., Torfield, Eastbourne; 3d. Mr. E.
Berry. Special prizes of J^io, £% and £^i were awarded
for forty-eight blooms, twenty-four of which were to be
of Japanese sorts, which had brought a beautiful lot of
.samples together. Messrs. Dixon &. Co. were awarded
the ist prize with sorts identical with Mr. Ridout's lot,
plus such sorts as Meg Merrilies, Madame Moulise,
Baron Frailly, Parasol, Thunberg. &c. ; 2d, Mr. C.
Herrin ; 3d, Messrs. Mahood & Son. The Silver Cup
given by Mtssrs. Dixon & Co. for the best twelve Japan-
ese blooms sent out in 1882 was adjudged to Mr. J. J.
Hiliier. For twelve blooms, four incurved and four
Japanese sorts, inclusive, ist, Mr. Herrin ; 2d. Mr.
Ridout ; 3d, Mr. Berry. For six large Anemone-flowered
sorts, ist, Mr. Herrin ; 2d, Mr. Ridout ; 3d. Mr.
Bellesworth, Barton Grange. For six Japan varieties,
ist, Messrs. Mahood & Son ; 2d, Mr. Herrin ; 3d, Mrs.
Anderson, Waverley Abbey, Farnham. In the class for
twelve pompons, three blooms of each, Mr. C. Martin,
Kearnsey Abbey, was awarded the ist prize. Good were
Rosinante, Madame Marthe, Golden ditto, Mrs. Wheeler,
St. Thaire, Model, Perfection, Mons. Hosle, Fanny Mara-
bout ; 2d, Mr. Butcher ; 3d, Mr. E. Huntley, gr. to C. N.
Pe-d, Fernhurst, Mattock Lane, Ealing. For twelve
reflexed blooms, ist, Messrs. Dixon & Co. ; 2d, Messrs.
Mahood & Son ; 3d, Mr. W. Jupp. The special prize,
given by W. Ireton, Esq., was awarded to the Empress
of India in Mr, Dix's stand, this bloom being adjudged
the finest in the show. Chinese Primulas were shown
by several, Mr. Jukes and Mr. Gilbey being respectively
ist and 2d.
Fruits. — The exhibits of Grapes were especially
fine. The ist prize for the best dish of white
Grapes was awarded to Mr. A. Smith, gr. to A.
Sewell, Esq., Warren Hill, Lough ton, lor three
bunches of Muscat of Alexandria ; 2d, Mr. J. Austen,
Ashton Court, for three bunches of the same sort ;
3d, Mr. Herrin, ditto. For three bunches of black
Grapes, ist, Mr. Allan, gr. to Lord Suffield, Gun-
ton Park, for very well finished Gros Colmar ; 2d, Mr.
S. Castle, manager. The Vineyard, West Lynn, Norfolk,
for the same sort ; 3d, Mr. Howe, gr. to H. Tate, Esq.,
Park Hill, Streatham, for Black AUcante. For the col-
lections of Grapes of not less than twelve bunches
some magnificent specimens were staged, the prizes
given by the Royal Aquarium Company (;^io, ^^3, and
£i loj.) bringing the best growers into the field, ist,
Mr. Roberts, Gunnersbury. with Alnwick Seedling,
Muscat of Alexandria, Black Alicante, White Tokay,
Gros GuiUaume, Mrs. Pince, St. Peter's, and Black Ham-
burgh ; 2d, Mr. J. Austin, who had very fine Alicante,
Mrs. Pince. Black Muscat, Muscat of Alexandria ; 3d, Mr.
Findlay. The numerous entries of Apples and Pears
made a show of these fruits of some magnitude, the
individual lots being, in most cases, well grown, and the
Apples especially high in colour. For dessert Apples,
six dishes, ist, Mr. AUis, Old Warden Park, Biggles-
wade. This lot consisted of Aromatic Russet, Court
Rendu Plat, Sykehouse Russet, Court of Wick, Reinette
Gris, and Cox's Orange Pippin ; 2d, Mr. J. Austen,
Ashton Court ; 3d, Mr. G. Goldsmith, gr., Hollanden
House, Tunbridge. For culinary Apples Mr. Haycock,
Barham Court, was awarded ist ; Mr. Ross, Welford
Park, 2d ; Mr. Austen, 3d. In the competition for six
dishes, dessert Pears, ist, Mr. Haycock, with Doyenn6
du Comice, Conseiller de la Cour, Duchesse d'Angou-
leme, Beurre Diel, and Easter Beurr^ ; 2d, Mr. Fowle,
gr. to Sir H. Mildmay, Bart. ; 3d, Mr. Goldsmith.
Vegetables. — The collections of vegetables left nothing
to be desired, and contained everything in season, ist,
Mr. J. May, Northam House, Barnet ; 2d, Mr.
Austen ; 3d, Mr. Haines. ColeshiU House, Highworth,
A great quantity of Potatos were exhibited by well
known growers, and were quite a feature in the
show, being mostly sorts remarkable for symmetrical
outline and large size. ist, Mr. R. Dean ; 2d. Mr.
Ross, Welford Park ; 3d, Mr. Osman — for twelve dishes.
The smaller competition, for the best six dibhes, resulted
in Mr. R. Dean being again ist, Mr. Osman 2d, Mr.
Prangwell, the Metropolitan School, Epsom, 3d. The
prizes offered by Messrs. Webb & Son, Wordsley. Stour-
bridge, for the best collections of vegetables, enabled
Mr. J. Austen to be ist, his lot containing Select James'
Onion, Snowball Turnip, Musselburgh Leek. Excelsior
Tomato, Autumn Giant Cauliflower, White Star
Potato, Sion House Kidney Beans, &c. ; 2d Mr.
May, 3d Mr. Findlay. Messrs. Hooper's prize for si.x
varieties of vegetables was awarded to Mr. J. May, The
above complete the list of awards in the open classes.
Amateur Classes. — For twelve incurved Crysanthe-
mum blooms, disdnct, ist. Mr. Wildman. Oakland
Grove Road, Clapham. with very good blooms of the
usual varieties shown (this exhibitor was also fortunate in
getting the ist prize for six incurved blooms) ; 2d, Mr.
F. Bingham, 22, Manor Road, Stoke Newington. In those
classes designated " Borough." Messrs. Drain, South-
gate Nurseries, were awarded ist prize— a Silver Cup—
for ten plants of Chrysanthemums in pots under 12 inches.
This was a capitally bloomed exhibit, and included
Japanese and incurved varieties ; 2d Mr. Gilbey, 3d
Mr. Payne. For four plants under same conditions,
ist, Messrs. Drain — other prizes were not awarded.
In the competition for four standard pompons, ist, Mr.
Gilbey ; 2d, Mr. R. Payne. For twenty-four incurved
blooms, ist, Mr. (iilbey ; 2d, Mr. Martm ; 3d, Mr, R.
Payne. In the class for twelve incurved blooms, ist,
Mr. Langton. gr. to Drs. Monroe ani Adams, Clapton ;
2d, Mr. K. H. Nichols, gr. to W. T. Ogden, Esq., Veran-
dah House, Clapion ; 3d. Mr. R. Payne. Mr, Gilbey,
Mr. Langdon, Mr. Nicliol won respectively ist, 2d, and
3d prize for six incurved blooms, the prizes for twelve
Japanese blooms being taken by, ist, Mr. Langdon ;
2d, R, W, Right; y\, Mr, W, Holmes. The Messrs.
Sutton staged a very large collection of Potatos, rennark-
able for their enticmg appearance, and fine quality of
surface. It may be stated in conclusion that it is the
intention of the Hackney Borough Chrysanthemum
Society to assume the title of the " National " in lieu of
its present one. and, as becomes a Society with so pre-
tentious a name, to draw to itself many of the minor and
ill-supported societies of the country.
%\t Mcatljcr.
ST A TE OF THE U'EA THER A T BLACKHBA TH. LONDON
For the Week ending Wednesday, November 14, 1883,
-2 .
Temperature of
THE Air.
Nov.
In.
8
ag-ss
9
39.51
10
29.53
II
29 59
12
29.68
■3
2993
14
29.98
Mean
29,08
In.
-0. 2549.0
-0.2953.2
-0.2744.5
-0.20 46. c
I
-o-".43
+ 0.1444.5
i-0.2I 4!.
O.I I 46.
V s.
9-2
38.0 II. 044.0
I I ,
40 o 13 2 46.4
36.9 7. 641.0
HygromC'
trical De-
ductions
from
Glaishcr's
Tables 6lh
Edition.
— 2.5
i6.4 9.640.6
10.5 12.635.6— 6.3
i0.oi4-537-7— S-o
to 012.537.2— 5.3
33.I
36.5
3" -3
33.»
3' -3,
145 II 640.5— 2.t
89 {
84
74
-{
83
84
80 {
)S 5, 83
I In.
WNW jO'iS
0.03
W;
s.w.
W. :
NNW.
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.0]
0.00
Nov. 8.— Dull morniDg, fine bright afternooo, rain in the
evening. Fine at midnight.
— 9. — Fine day, shower of rain Irum 1.30 to 2 p.m. Fine
night.
— 10. — Fine day. very slight shower at 9. 30 A M , and again
at 9 45 A.M. Cloudless till 1: p.m., then over-
cast.
— ir. — Fine day and night.
— 12. — Fine, but very cold day, fog throughout. Fog at
night.
— 13. — Fine cold day, fog. Fine night.
— 14. — Fine cold day, foggy. Fine night.
London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week
ending November 10 the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea decreased from 30.10 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29.5S inches by 3 p.m. on
the 4th, increased to 29 69 inches by 9 A. M. on the
5th, decreased to 28.97 inches by 9 a.m. on the 6th,
increased to 29.76 inches by 3 p.m. on the 8th,
decreased to 29.67 inches by 3 p.m. on the 9th, in-
creased to 29.72 inches by midnight on the same day,
decreased to 29.65 inches by 9 a.m. on the loth, and
was 29.77 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.60 inches, being 0.56 inch lower than last
week, and 0.37 inch below the average of the week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 55°.5, on November 6; the
highest reached on the loih was 44^5. The mean
of the seven high day temperatures was 49°. 9.
The lowest temperature was 33^.5, on the 7Lh ; on
the 6th the lowest was 42". The mean of the seven
low night temperatures was 38^.2.
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
I3".5, on the 6th ; and the smallest was 7°.6, on the
loth. The mean of the seven daily ranges was ii°.7.
The mean temperatures were — on November 4,
45°.4 ; on the 5th, 44°.3 ; on the 6th, 47^.7 ; on
the 7th, 40°.3 ; on the 8th, 44° ; on the 9th,
46°.4 ; and on the loth, 41° ; of these the 6th and
9th were above their averages by 2°.6 and 2^5 respect-
ively, the rest being below by 0°. 2, i°.i, 4^.4, o"*.3,
and 2^.5 respectively.
The mean temperature was 44^.2, being 4°.7 below
last week, and o°.5 below the average of the week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
638
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 17, 1883.
sun was 94°. 5, on the 5th. The mean of the seven
leadings was 78°.2.
The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer
with its bulb on short grass was 29°, on the 7lh. The
mean of the seven readings was 3i°.8.
Rain. — Rain fell on six days to the amount of
0.94 inch.
England : Te7jiperaliire, — During the week ending
November 10 the highest temperatures were 58°. 5 at
Brighton, 58° at Leeds, and 57° at Truro ; the highest
at Bolton was 48°. 6, and at Leicester, Wolverhamp-
ton, and Sheffield, 50°. The general mean was 53°.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 29''.5 at
Wolverhampton, 30°. 7 at Nottingham, and 31" at
Hull ; the lowest at Liverpool was 37°. 3, at Brighton
36°, and at Preston 35°, The general mean was
The greatest ranges in the week were 25° at
Truro, 24° at Leeds, and 23°. 2 at Bristol ; the smallest
ranges were IS°.2 at Liverpool, i6°.5 at Leicester,
and 1 6°. 7 at Bolton. The general mean was 20°. 2.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, S4°-7. at Plymouth 53°.9, and at
Brighton 5i°.3 ; and were lowest at Bolton, 46°.6,
and at Sheffield and Preston 47°. The general mean
was 49°. 4.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures
was highest at Liverpool, 40°.!, at Truro 39". 8, and
at Preston 3S°.6 ; and were lowest at Wolverhampton,
32».9, at Hull 34°. 7, and at Nottingham 35°.!. The
general mean was 37°. 3.
The mean daily ranges of temperature were greatest
at Plymouth, 15°. 9, at Truro I4°.9, and at Wol-
verhampton 14°. 6 ; and were least at Preston,
S°.4, at Liverpool 8°.6, and at Sheffield 9°.2.
The general mean was 12°. t.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 46°. 7,
at Plymouth 45°, 4, and at Brighton 44°. 3 ; and was
lowest at Wolverhampton, 39°.6, at Bolton 40°.8, and
at Nottingham 41°. 2 The general mean was 42°.8,
Jiain. — The largest falls were — 2.69 inches at
Bolton, 1. 61 inch at Preston, and 1.58 inch at Wol-
verhampton ; the smallest falls were— 0.80 inch at
Hull, 0.85 inch at Leeds, and 0.94 inch at Black-
heath. The general mean fall was 1.28 inch. Rain
fell on every day in the week at Truro, Bristol,
Leicester, Sheffield, and Leeds, and on five or six
days at other stations.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing November 10 the highest temperature was 59°. 5,
at Glasgow; at Leith the highest in the week was
49°- 2 The general mean was 53°.
The lowest temperature in the week was 25°,
at Perth ; at Leith the lowest temperature was
32°.4. The general mean was 29°. 4.
The mean temperature was highest at Glasgow,
46°.5; and lowest at Perth, 39°.8. The general
mean was 4i°.7.
Rain. — The largest fall was 1.64 inch at
Paisley; and the smallest was 0.21 inch at Aber-
deen. The general mean fall was 0.7S inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S.
Answers to Correspondents.
Botanical Periodicals : Dotaiiicu!. There are a
number published in Germany and Belgium. Write
to Messrs. Williams & Norgate, Henrietta Street,
Covent Garden.
Climate of Costa Rica : Mr. R. Pfau, Riverside,
Chiswick Mall, W., has had a Uthographic plate pre-
pared, showing the fluctuations ot temperature, &c.,
for the month of August at Costa Rica and at Chis-
wick respectively, a copy of which may be had from
him on application. It should be stated that the table
only gives a record of the meteorological phenomena
of one mouth in one year.
Hereford Fruit Show : Erraiuvi. The 2d prize for
twenty-four varieties of kitchen Apples was won by
Lady Emily Foley (Mr. Ward gr.), Mr. Watkins being
3d, and not 2d, as stated in our report at p. 572.
Mock Ginger : R. M. L.
which bears this name.
Names of Fruit : J . S. S. i, Emperor Alexander ;
2, Fearn's Pippin ; 3, Wadhurst Pippin ; 4, Holland-
bury. — P. S., a Constant Reader. 4, Farleigh Pippin;
5, Fearn's Pippin ; 6, Scarlet Nonpareil ; 8, Cornish
Gilliflower : others not recognised. — W. B. Tr^velyan,
So much bruised that they cannot be distinguished. — ■
T. R. B. 2. Rhode Island Greening : others too
small to define names. — J. F., York. If it is not a
poor sample of Passe Colmar we do not know what it
is. — y. H. F. T, Beurr^ Diel ; 2, Beurr^ Ranee ; 3,
Dumelow's Seedling ; 4, Beachamwell. — Porl/igwidden.
Apple : Mabbott's Pearmain ; Pear : Catillac. — M. O.
I, Cellii i ; 2, Beurr^ de Capiaumount ; 4, Beurr^ Diel
5, Yorkshire Beauty ; 6, Josephine de Malines ; 7,
Passe Colmar. — J. J. Foster. Apple: Rynier. Pears:
I, Mart^chal de la Cour ; 2, Beurr^ Bacheher ? 3, not
recognised ; 4, Doyenn^ du Cornice.
Name of Fungus : //,, Liverpool. Agaricus squarro-
sus ; a common lungus on stumps of all sorts.
We do not know any plant
Names of Plants : G. B. L. We cannot undertake to
name garden varieties of Chrysanthemums, there are
too many of them, and there is too much of a muchness
about many of them. — R. Hopkins. Senecio pulcher.
— y. Stewart 6^ Sons. We only recognise the pink-
berried plant, Melia Azedarach. The others are mere
scraps. — C. W. Dod. Boltonia latisquama and B.
glastifolia (not B. asteroides) are right. B. glastifoha
from Cambridge is an Aster, probably A. salignus.
Nepenthes at Holloway : Erratum. At p. 597,
for " Nepenthes hybrida" read " N. Hibbertii."
Onion, James' Keeping : Ognon. This variety was
raised and put into commerce early in the present
century by Mr. James, a market gardener, then carry-
ing on his occupation in Lambeth Marsh.
Pear De. Trousseau ; R. M. L. A December Pear
of very good quality — juicy, sugary, and having a fine
aroma.
Red Dust on Board : H., Liverpool. The yellow dust
on the board from the shed near the greenhouse is
composed of millions of fungus spores. They agree
in size and colour with the spores of the fungus of
" dry-rot " (Merulius lacrymans). If you examine the
roof you will probably see some interesting patches of
it, hke pieces of paper covered with yellowish treacle.
W. G. S.
Sunflower Seeds : J. Wilson. The seeds ripen
freely enough in this country, and are valued as food
for poultry and pheasants, but whether it would pay
you to grow Ihem as a marketable commodity we do
not know, having no experience to offer you on the
subject.
CoiiiMUNicATioNS Receivef.— F. G. H.— Z B. — Bell & Son.
— W. Ingram.— B. B.-H. W.— E. B.— R. B. (many thanks)
— C. M. 0. — I. O. W.— J. S.— J. B. (we cannot undertake to
advise you in such a matter.)— B. S. — C. W. C. — J. D. —
W. P. R. — J. van v., Btu-sels (we will try, and report.) —
E. P., Ghent (many thanks.)— Ed. A., Paris. — Dr. Clifford
Allbutt.— W. B.— C. Y. M.— T. Archer.— Hind.— H Coire-
von, Geneva. — R. Pfau. — T. and R. Annam.— Leo Grindon.
— C. M.
larhds.
COVENT GARDEN, November 15.
Best Apples somewhat improved. No other altera-
tion this week. James Webber, Wholesale Apple
Market.
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
LemODs, per case ..15 0-25 o
Ptars, French, doz, 16-40
Pine-apples, EDglish,
per lb. .. ..20-..
Apples, J^-sieve
Cobs, per 100 lb.
Figs, per dozen
Grapes, per lb.
s, d. s d.
I c- 40
.150 o- . .
. 10-..
. 10- 30
Vegetables.— Avbbage Retail Prices.
-. d. s. d.
Artichokes, Globe,
per di>z. . . ..30-50
— Jerusalem tush. 40-.,
Beans, French, lb. . . i c- ..
Beet, per doz. .. 10- ..
Cabbages, per doz. .. 10-20
Carrots, per bun. .. 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen.. .. 20-30
Celery, per bundle.. 16-26
Cucumbers, each . . 04-0 8
Endive, English, per
dozen .. ..10-..
Garlic, per lb. ,.06-..
Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04
Horse Radish, bimd. 30-40
J. d. J. d.
Lettuces. Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..10-..
— Cos, per dozen., i 6- ..
Mint, gieen, bunch. . 06-..
Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-20
Onions, per bushel,. 36-..
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch.. 04-..
Radishes, per d07, . . 16-..
Salsafy, per bundle. . 08-.,
Seakale, per punnet 26-..
Small saladirg. pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
Tomatos, per lb .. o 6- o g
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
Vegl. Marrows, each o 2-
PoTATOS. — Kent Kidneys, jC^ to £i los. per ton ; do.. Regents,
£3 ic^. to ^4 ics. ; Champions, £i ics. to £j 15s. per ton.
Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesale Prices.
s. d. s. d.
Aralia Sieboldi, doz.12 0-S4 o
Arbor-vitai (golden),
per doxen . . . . 6 0-18 o
— (common), dozen 6 0-12 o
Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o
Bouvardias, doz. ..12 o 18 o
Chrysanih., per doz. 6 0-18 o
Coleus, doz. . . ..20-60
Cyclamen, per dozen 9 o- 18 o
Dracaena term. do2...3o o 60 o
— vindis. per doz.. 12 0-24 o
Epiphyllum, per doz.18 0-30 o
Erica, various, doz... 9 0-18 o
Euonymus. various,
per dozen .. .. 9 o-i8 o
Evergreens, in var.,
per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o
s. d. s d.
Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 o
Ficus elasiica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 Q-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 4 c- 9 o
Heaths, various, doz. g o 30 o
Liiiums, various, per
dozen . . . . 12 0-30 o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen ,. ..8 0-12 o
Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 c-12 o
Palms in variety,
each. . ., ..2 6-2£ o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ..40 go
Poi»?.etiia, per doz. iS o 24 o
Solauums, per dozen S 0-15 o
Cut Flowers.—.
Abutilon, 12 bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 4
Azalea, white, 12 spr i
Bouvardias, per bun. i
Camellias, per doz. . . 2
Carnations, 12 blms. i
Chrysanih., 12 blms. i
— 12 bunches .. 4
Cyclamen, 12 blooms o
Epiphyllum, 12 blms. o
Eucharis, per doz. .. 4
Gardenias, la blms.. 4
Gladioli. 12 spikes., i
Helioirooes, 12 sp. .. o
Hyacinths (Roman),
12 sprays .. .. i
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms .. ..3
— red, 12 blooms., i
Lilac, white Fr., bun. 8
Average Wholesale Prices.
d. s. d. I s. d, s. d.
Lily-of-Val'ey, fipray 1 o- i 6
Margueritts, la bun. 40-60
Mignonette, iz bun. 20-60
Nai cissus (Paper-
white) .. ..20-40
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 10-16
— zonal, 12 sprays 03-06
Poinsettia, 12 blooms 6 c-12 o
Primula, double, bun. 10-16
— ^ ingle, 12 bun . , 6 o- g o
Roses (indoor), doz, 2 o- 0 o
— coloured, doz. .. 30-86
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 6 o- S o
Tropseolum, 12 bun. 10-20
Tuberoses, per doz.. 10-20
Violets, 12 bunches.. 10-16
— French, per bun. 10-16
— Parme, per bun. 40-50
Wallflower, 12 bun.. 30-40
White Jasmine, bun. 06-10
0-40
0-80
0-20
0-16
0-50
0-30
c- 4 o
0-90
3-06
6- I 6
0-60
0-60
6-26
0-60
0-30
0-10 o
EARLY PEAS for MARKETING.
SUTTON & SONS
CAN SUPl'LV
SXJTTONS' IMPROVED EARLY
CHAMPION,
BUTTONS' RINGLEADER,
EARLY SUNRISE,
INVICTA,
FIRST AND BEST,
DANIEL O'ROURKE.
For Present Sowing. For Earliest Crops.
Lowest price per buihel and quarter on application.
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
READING.
CAPE BULBS.
CAPE BULBS.
The undersigned is now in a position to offer all the leading
kinds of Cape Bulbs, in large or small quantities, for export,
from December to March.
DISA GRANDIFLORA, and other TERRESTRIAL
ORCHIDS.
The Trade supplied. Price LIST on application.
ROBERT TEMPLEMAN,
Seedsman and Florist, 12, Castle Street, Capetown.
CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION.
E. G. HENDERSON & SON
Invite Visitors to view the above
in their Winter Garden,
PINE-APPLE NURSERY,
MAIDA VALE, LONDON, N."W,
The following are offered at exceptional
low cash prices. Less than quantities quoted
may be had : —
ORCHIDS. J. d.
12 choice free flowering sorts for .. .. ., .. ai o
12 „ ,, extra size 30 o
12 ,, ,, very choice selected .. 42 o
100 in 50 sorts for 200 o
ICO in ICO sorts lor . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 o
Special Cheap Price LIST of NEW PLANTS on application.
STOVE AND GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
Including the most useful and beautiiul foliaged and flowering
plants and climbers, carefully selected.
12 fine young healthy plants, distinct, 6.;. to i^s.
100 in 100 varieties, forming an unequalled collection, 42J. ;
same rate for 50 plants.
12 Ferns, very choice and pretty, either cold house, stove, or
hardy varieties, 6f. and gr.
100 Ferns in beautiful varieties, 42.?.
GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS, charming varie-
ties, beautifully scented, selected from our grand collection,
containing many thousands of vigorous and well-grown plants,
12 distinct varieties, i8j., ys., and 42^.
AZALEAS, the best in cultivation, xz distinct, full of flower-
buds, \%s., 241., and 30J.
CAMELLIAS, guaranteed English growth; these will not
drop their buds ; 12 strong healthy plants from our well-known
collection, 215. and 42.;.
12 Tree Carnations, strong in pots, winter bloom, 2iJ. and 301.
per dozen.
Epacris and Ericas, 12J. and i8j. per dozen.
Beautiful hardy herbaceous flowering plants for the flower-
garden, selected from nearly 4000 varieties and species that will
flower throughout the year.
12 choice and most desirable kinds, 4s. and fij.
100 „ ,, „ in 50 varieties, 2 Tj.
100 ,, „ ,, in 100 varieties, 301. and 425'.
These are far superior to bedding plants, producing plenty
of sweet-scented flowers in all shades of colour and forms with-
out the expense of fuel and labour.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
20,000 PALMS,
including Kenlias, Arecas, Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Coryphas, Phoenix, CocosWeddelliana, Caryotas,
&c. ; FERNS, in 48s and 6o's ; ARUM LILIE.S, tor
flowering this season ; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, lASMINUM GRACiLLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS ;
Tuberous and Foliage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..
639
SEAKALE for Forcing, the largest in growth.
Price on application.
ALFRED ATWOOD, Market drdener, 50, Shelingston,
Battersea, S.W.
E W RASPBERRY,
"BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING."
Teiiimotiial from Mr. Thomas Laxton. Bedford:^
' ' Baumforth's Seedling ' Raspberry has again proved the best
of all Red Raspberries tried at Girtford (14 varirties),"
Prices— Planting Canes, 25^ per 100, 45. per dozen ; Fruiting
Canes, 35^. per 100, 6j. per dozen.
Early orders respectfully solicited-
EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, The Yorkshire Seed Esta-
blishment, Hull.
Beautiful Flowers for Garrteus.
POTENTILLAS, PYRETHRUMS, DEL-
PHINIUMS, lovely hardy (lowers for CultinK or Garden
Ulotun. Named, s-t. per dozen.
SPLKNDID PHLOXES. Pentstemous, Pinks, Pansies, In ihe
finest vaiieties, ■\s. Gd. per doien,
HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, the most showy sorts
(too nnnierous to mention here— see Catalogues for List),
3J. \>vx do/en, 21.J. per lOO,
CARNATIONS and PICUTEES, good exhibition sorts, 6 j.
per do/en plants. Fine Clove and Border Self varieties,
4^ per dozen— all from layers.
LILIES, candidum. Orange, and Tiger Lilies, 31, per dozen.
Many other sorts in Catalogue.
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
To the Trade.
HUGH LOW AND CO.
offer:— [per ico,
ACACIA ARMATA, well budded, extra fine. 75s. and loji.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, 75s , loo^., and 150^ per 100.
AZALEA INDICA, ia variety, finely budded, ^3, C\ and
£.q \os. per 100.
CAMELLIAS, well budded, 175J. and icos. per i(x>.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS, fine lor potting or forcing, 255. and
305. per ICO.
ERICA CAFFRA, in flower. 60s. per 100.
ERICA GRACILIS, in Ilower, 6oi. per 100.
ERICA GRACILIS, extra strong, 15J. and i8j. per dozen.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, extra fine, 150J. and 203 j. per
GENISTAS, fc6j. %d. and icoj. per 100. [100.
LATANIA BORBONICA, well shaped sturdy plants, 150J.
SOLANUMS, berried, 50s. and 75s. per ico. [per ico
PRIMULA, Double White Chinese, in fljwer, xis. and 18.S. per
dozen.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.
s
P E C I A L
OFFER.
AZALEA MOLLIS, seedlings, nice plants, two to six buds
each, gj, per dozen ; ditto, from three best varieties, each
kept distinct, 6 to 10 inches high, bushy, 30s. per 100, £,\^
per 10 30.
AZALEA PONTICA, nice bushy plants, well budded, 6j. to
gr, per dozen.
ANDROMEDIA FLORIBUNDA. 50J. to 705. per 103 ; extra
large, many well budded, \is. to i8f. per dozen.
DAPHNE MEZEREUM, white and red, well budded, 41.,
6j,, to g.r. per dozen.
SKIMMIA JAPONICA, fine bushy plants, 6r. to gi. per doz.
GREEN AUCUBA (berry-bearing), \% foot high, bushy, 12^.
per dozen
DIPLOPAPPUS (golden-leaved shrub], 2 to 2K feet high,
bushv, ds. per dozen.
FLOWERING THORNS, of sorts, 3 feet stems, fine heads,
icj. per dozen.
LIMES, straight and stout, 7 to 8 ft-, ^s. per doz., 50J per 100.
GOLDEN POPLAR. 5 to 8 feet high, is. to is. each.
CLIMBING ROSES, of sorts, fine plants, %s. per dozen.
ERICA HERBACEA ALBA (amass of white flowers in early
spring), 5s per dozen-
Also RH{JD0DENDR0NS and AZALEAS, choice named
sorts, mostly well budded, and Sweet-scented and other
Novelties. Descriptive Price LIST on application.
ISAAC DAVIES and SON, Nurserymen, Ormskirk,
Lancashire.
HE NURSERIES, DUMFRIES.
(Established 17S7.)
Our Stock, which is one of the largest in Scotland, com-
prises FOREST, FRUIT, and ORNAMENTAL TREES,
DECIDUOUS and EVERGREEN SHRUBS, ROSES,
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c. ; also a splendid Stock of
THORN QUICKS, lor Hedging and for Filling up Gaps.
The Trees and Shrubs are of all ages and sizes, and are well
adapted for e.\tensive Planting or giving immediate etTect in
the formation and improving of Ornamental Parks, Pleasure
Grounds, &c. Prices on application.
THOMAS KENNEDY and CO., Seed and Nursery
Establishment, Dumfries.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
600 Vdrieties, Warranted True.
ALL our slock have bloomed, tested and
proved true, and are now being cut down and arranged
as per Catalogue. The cuttings are very strong, and in the best
possible condition, and in such quantity as never before seen.
Cuttings, all correctly named, post-free, purchaser's selection,
\s. 6d. per dozen, gs. per loo ; our selections, all good, is.
per dozen, Ss. per loo ; 500 varieties for 26.1. Stock plants
for propagating, purchaser's selection, 6d. each. 5^. per dozen,
25J. per 100 ; our selection. 500 varieties, .£5. New variety we
sent out last year. Lord Wolseley, awarded two First-class Cer-
tificates from the highest tribunals in the world, strong plants,
ij. dd. each, cutting.?, 6d each, post-free.
The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " Messrs. Cannell & Sons
exhibited fifty-two new varieties and received five First and
four Second-class Certificates, and they all deserve the attention
of growers." 50 distinct kinds fcr cuttings, 6cf. each ; plants, is.
each.
NEW DEPARTURE, SINGLE CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
AH purposes for which cut fl jwers are required these are
preferable to the ordinary kinds, lighter and more elegant,
and musit become highly popular, quite as much as the single
Dahlia. Persistency of petal, and some deliciously fragrant.
For prices send for a Catalogue, post-free.
A new and revised LIST for 1884 will be ready in a few days.
H. CANNELL & SONS,
BiC-+tom^^^^-pwe;R.
THE COTSWOLD ROSES.— Magnificent
Standard and Half-standard Roses, with straight clean
stems, and good heads, i^s. and i8i. per per dozen, 120s. and
130J. per 100.
J NO. JEFFERIES and SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.
Orchids a Speciality.
The stock at the Claplon Nursery is of such
magnitude that, without seein;; it, it is not easy
to form an adequate conception of its unprece-
dented e.xtent.
HUGH LOW & CO.
very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspec-
tion by all lovers of this interesting and beauti-
ful class of plants, whether purchasers or not.
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
^d. per bushel ; 100 for 255 : truck (loose, about 3 tons),
4QJ. ; 4-bushet bags, id. each.
LIGHT BROWN fIBROUS PEAT, 5i. 6d. per sack ;
5 sacks. 255 ; sacks, ^d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks 221. ; sacks,
COARSE SILVER SAND, is. grf. per bushel ; 151. per half
ton, 26i per ton ; in 2 bushel bacs, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. IJ. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MCSS, 81. 6a!. per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUS';IA MATS, &c, Wrue for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 2r, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A. Coal Yard), W.C
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, &c.
Superior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 41. bd. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from $s. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from 6s. per sack.
LOAM, Yellow Fibrous, is. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best. 11. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, 11. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, is. id. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, 9^. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, from 6rf. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 11. id. per bag ; per truck-
load of about 2 tons, 35s.
SPHAGNUM MOSS. 4s. 6<!r. per bag.
VIRGIN CORK. i8s. per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 34, Glengarry Road, East Dulwioh, S.E.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
w
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST. RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH. &o.
Quality ttie Best in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 41. id. per sack ; 5 sacks for 2&r.
„ best black fibrous .. 3r. id. per sack ; 5 sacks for 15s.
.. extra selected Orchid .. .. 5s. od. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous . . ..\
PREPARED COMPOST, best .. [is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. .. ( included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) .. .. 11. 3^. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. lorf. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. Sd. per lb., 28 lb. 181.
,. PAPER, finest imported speciality 81/- per lb.. 28 lb. iSj.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected. 21. per bushel, is. per sack.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO..
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
Tliomson's Vine and Plant IVIanure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by than and all Nurserymen and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants. &c.. i,i is. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths. American Plant
Beds, 15s. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, sr : 5 Bags,
221. 6<;. ; 10 Bags, 45s. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
lor 6<I^. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52s. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, is per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 25J. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, &c., of excellent
quality, also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM. Lighter
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 tons, 48/.
e.ich Selected PEAT. 35, persack. SILVER SANDand LEAF
MOULD, id. per bushel. Sacks, id. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAMBERT, Ringwood.
OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks .it is. j-f. each, or
15 sacks, iSj. ; 30 sacks, ^1 5^., sacks included. Tiuck-load,
loose, 3it. ; fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-oflice order or checjue with all oidcrs will obline. Estab-
lished 1872 -J. STEVENS AND CO., "Greyhound" Yard,
and 137, High Street, liatteisea, S.W.
To Her
M nst
Gracious
Majesty
Queen
Victoria.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PKOCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Ab.solutely Pure. Free from any
Foreign Intermixtuke. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous '" Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from u* direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and ethers at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr, Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H, the Prince of Wales : "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham. February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Beoding-out Plants, &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An. elegant Bordering to Flower Beds. Combines ivarnitk
and cleanliness with valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks.
is. 6d. each; 10 sacks, 13J ; 15 sacks, i8s. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ;
fo sacks, 305. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
limited quantities of SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, cHUEB. ROUND & CO..
Fibre Works. West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London, E.
U RE K A ! ! ! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Edinburgh.
In Bottles, is., 2s., and 31. (d. each. ys. 6d. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
testimonial.
" Clovenfords. by Galashiels . N.B..yuly2$, 1883. — Mr. Smith:
Dear Sir, we have now tried your Inscciicide on all the
Insects we can find on any of our Plants, including Orchids, and
used as directed by you, we find it instant destruction to them
all, while it neither stains nor injures the tenderest leaf. We
shall in future use no Fir Tree Oil or other Insecticide but
yours.— We are, yours truly, WM. THOMSON and SONS."
Wholesale Agents-IRELAND and THOMSON,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 02. to the gallon ot soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a.
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparatiois intended to supersede it. In Boxes, if,,3^.,& los. 6d,
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions (or use, in boxes, bd.
and IJ. each. Wholesale by PRICE:S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited), London.
INEST TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER,
at Zd. and gd. per lb., s8 lb. 18^. Special quotations
for the Trade.
J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73, Rendlesham Road, Clapton, E.
REIGATE SILVER SAND.— Coarse and
fine, on rail at 71. 6t.i. per ton — not less than 4-lon trucks
Terms cash.— Apply to H. SIMS, The Priory, Reigate.
LABELS.
WATEBPBOOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
CO.
640
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 17, 1883.
DEANE
C0NSFRV4TORIPS
& CO.'S
4 GREENHOUSES.
The prices given include ERECTING COMPLETE, with
all necessary brickwork, &c., within fifteen miles of London.
SPAN ROOF CONSERVATORY.
Size.... 15ft. by 9ft. .. 20ft. by i2fr. .. 25ft.byi5ft.
Price.. /30 .. £,^1 xos .. £.-^Z.
LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE.
Size. . loft. by 6ft. i2fc. by 8ft. 15ft. by 10ft. 20ft. by i2fL
Price. £,\xj i&r. £,■2^ 10s. £^^() \os. £40.
Proportionale prices for other sizes and at any distance.
Drawings and Estimates for Conservatories free.
THE LOUGHBOROUGH H'OT WATER APPARATUS,
£^ 4J. — The simplest, cheapest, and most powerful, requiring no
Brick Setting, and no Hot-water Filter for fixing. LIbTS free.
DEANE &
{t-I-^X LONDON
CO..
BRIDGE.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —
6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free, £,^ 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ „ ,, 4 15 o
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, „ 3150
13 feet long. 5 feet wide, ,, „ ,, 6 10 o
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
B. HALLIDAY Sc CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.
HELIilWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING "WITHOUT PUTTY
REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAINTING.
Adopted by His Royal Highness the Prmce of Wales.
Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.
Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covhrsd.
Plans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and
8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S W.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO..
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G.
W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
coloiu's.
Samples can be seen, and prices ohtained at I3i, Bimhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists ot Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
BW-WA-R^U-RST
Wk.
i
yiKHGATE ROAD , LONDON. N.W(C>i
Oil FaJnt No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Rf^iste'cd Trade Mark)
'*»'vNuW^^i^|/^i;f'
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
ill outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstarding a host of unprincipled
mitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 ealions each, at \s. 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. 81/. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
" Piercejie/d Park, yu7ie zi, 1876,— Sirs —I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."
CAUTION.— Hii^L & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous
Testimonials they leceive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c. , sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Btierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire ;
118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and ig6, St.Vincent
Street, Glasgow.
0NDER SPECIAL BOTAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Slieep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£■2 i6j. 6d., sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of imitations, and see that tlie
name, DAY. SON & HEWITT, is on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE. BERKS.
Boslier'B Garden Edging Tiles.
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sort.s are specially ^^^
suited for K I T C H E N 'i?
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do " grown " EdginES, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,'
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c ,
from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths. &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates. Cement, Sec.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SI L V E R S AND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade
Rhubarb and Seakale Forcing.
STRONG WELL-MADE POTS
for the above.
GARDEN POTS, ORCHID POTS, ALPINE POTS,
FERN PANS, SEED PANS,
and all kinds of GARDEN POTTERY of the best quality.
Price List Free.
J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in, 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in , in t6-oz.
and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft. cases.
SPECIALLY CHEAP GLASS.
Packing Cases free and not returnable.
100 Squares, goc d Glass, at the following prices, in Leeds : —
15 OZ. 2t oz.
13K ^y 8 for gs. Cd.
12 by 9 for 9^ 6d.
14 by 10 for 13J. 6d.
15 hy 9 for 11 J. 6d.
HENRY WAINWRIGHT;
13/^ hy 8 for 12J 6d.
12 by Q for 12,1. td.
14 by 10 for 185. od.
15 by 9 for 18s. od.
Glass and Lead Merchant,
8 and 10, Alfred Street, Boar Lane, Leeds.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
looyardsforioj., delivered at Burnley Station ; orSsjards
for los., delivered free per Parcels Post. Very useful pure Cotton
for Curtains, Blinds. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern,
J. KAY and SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley.
PRUNING MADE
SAFE and EASY.
This implement is unrivalled
for Pruning. Trimmiop, and
Thinning-out Trees of all kinds,
Shrubs, Fruit Bushes, Vines, &c.
Is used in the Parks and Gardens
cf the Queen, H.R.H. the Prince
of Wales, the principal Nobility,
and is also ordered by Her Ma-
jesty's Commissioners of Works
and the Metropolitan Board of
Workf, to be generally adopted
in the Parks and Gardens under
their control. The leading Horti-
cultural Authorities join in the
__^ ^ universal opinion as to its being
^^^^i^g_ the best tool for the purpose ever
; invented. Its length varies from
^?''S'^\'V^-^'^ '-3^-^=^^^§ 2 to 20 feet, and its price from
'^^^-- ---I — — --^i^.riSSijIial^^ ^s. bd. each. It is Sold by the prin-
cipal Ironmongers and Seedsmen, from whom Illustrated Price
Lists can beob'ained. or of the Sole Proprietors and Makers,
THE STANDARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
Patentees and General Machinists. Strand Arcade. Derby.
IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,
Iron and Wire Espalier, Ac, &c.
MATERIALS WIRING GARDEN WALLS.
GALVANISED.
EYES, 71/. per dozen. HOLDFASTS, with
Winders, js. per dozen. WIRE, 2^. per ico yards.
Illmtratcd CATALOGUE Free on aj>flica!imi.
BATLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,
VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.C.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
4-in. Expansion Joint Hot water Pipes, 9 feet long, 41. ^d. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. 6d. each.
Price List on application.
STOVES.
Terra-Cot ta ! Portable ! For Coal!
ROBERTS'S PATENT.
Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for
about \d., without attention. For Greenhouses,
Bedrooms, or almost any purpose. Pamphlet
and authenticated Testimonials sent. In use
daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS,
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.Wi
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
641
The Thames Bank Iron Company.
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illuslratcd CATALOGUE, \\th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Gold and silver Medals, auo Hot-water and Hot-aif Apparatus erected Complete, or the
Special Certificate, l\/l t I V A
Awarded May 22. 1885. IVIatenalS SUpplieO. Patent Reliance Rotary Valves.
S. OWENS & CO.,
HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS,
WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.G.
THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM.
This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to
any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is
suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c.
No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs.
No. 54^. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the
Right Hon. the Earl of Essex.
No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes.
No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN. YARD, or STABLE PUMPS.
No. 39^. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for
Garden use.
No. 37. DEEP WELT. PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power.
No. 63. PORTABLE IRRIG.^TORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or
Steam Power. tOarclens, &c
No. 463. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering
No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use.
No. so and 54^. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description.
No, 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction.
S. OWENS AND CO. Mantifacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES,
WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, B.-^THS, DRYING CLOSETS, GASWORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS,
HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates Jurnished.
ILLUSTRATED CATAU)GUE8 CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION.
The COTTAGER'S Calendar
OF
GARDEN
OPERATIONS.
ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.R
Price 3d. ; post-free, 3id. ; 20s. per 100.
If ordered in quantities of not less t/ian 200, Carriage will be paid to any part of the United Kingdotn.
W. RICHARDS, 4T,^WELLINGT0N STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
of every description con-
structed, erected, fitted,
and heated.
Illustrattd CATALOGUE Free
T.H.P.Dennis&Co.,
CbelmBford, Essez.
__ ^ London Office :
~::^^:a.-»«;js>^^<f;;-g— _&»** -,_, „^ -' Mansion House Buildings.
642
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 17, 1883.
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
T^e Gardeners' lilagazine says : — " We must give these tlie
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon.
ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, go. Lower Thames St., London, E.G.
ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—
The Warmest Coveiings for Pits and Frames.
Sizes— 6 ft, 6 in. X 3 ft. gin., 21. ; 6 ft. 6 in. X 4 ft. 6 in , zs. ^d, ;
6ft. 6in. X 7ft., 3^. 2rf. Applyto
Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tring, Bucks.
Russia Mat Mercliants.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9, James
Street, Covent Garden, W.C., can offer a very fine parcel
of new ARCHANGEL MATS at a very low price. Immense
stock of PETERSBURG MATS and RAFFIA FIBRE.
RUSSIA
M ATS.
25,000 Common DUNNAGE MATS, at 201. per 100.
ARCHANGEL, TAGANROG, and PETERSBURG MATS,
as per CATALOGUE just issued.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E.
JOHI WAEIER & SOIS,
By Special Appointment.
Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers. Bell and Brass
Founders, Braziers, and Coppersmiths.
THE
Crescent Foundry,
CRIPPLEGATE,
LONDON, E.G.
and the Foundry Woiks,
WALTON - ON - THE - NAZE,
Essex.
By Special Appointment.
IManufacttirers of
GILBERTS
Patent Handlights
and Improved Kegis-
tered and Patent
HandligMs and Ke-
spirators.
First Prize Stiver Medals nrtiarded to ydtn
Warner ^ Sons, by tlu Royal Horliciiititral
Society, at their Exhtbittons in London, May, ^\
z and 1883, /or Garden Engines, &^c.
y. IV. &' Sons' Horttcultural List, and Wind,
Water, Steam, Horse, a^ut Manual Power Pump-
ini; Machinery Catalo^^ies, on apftUcation,
HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c.
^ (J
S 4 o
■o bo
5 ° i.
o
HOT-
JAMiS BOYD SL SONa,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS and
HEATING ENGINEERS,
PAISLEY.
LONDON OFFICE : 48, PaU Mall, S.W.
-,=gKS^5=^-=- -
o
c!
to
WATER APPAKATUfa tor WAKMlWt:. CilUBCHiS iOHOOLS PUBLIC BUlLDINGb MANSIONS
HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS
AND HEATING
ENGINEERS.
ssaaswujuwJ' tf>.
VINERIES
Erected in correct style hy
competent men.
CONSERVATORIES.
GREENHOUSES
For all parts of the World of first-
class materials.
GARDEN FRAMES OF EVERY VARIETY in Stock or Made to Order,
No. 74. Tliree-cLuarter Span-roof Garden Frame.
Cash Prices, Carriage Paid.
No. 2 . . 8 feet long . . 6 leet wide . . ;C4 ^S o
No. 3 .. 12 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 6 lo o
No. 4 . . i6 feet long . . 6 feet wide . . 850
These Frames are 11 inches deep in front, 22 inches deep at
back, and 32 inches in the centre. Front or back lights turn over.
Set-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted four coats of
best oil colour, the lights glased with best ?i-oz. English glass.
GenC7-al CA TALOGUE post-free, twenty-four
No. 75. Melon or Cucumtier Frames.
Cash Prices, Carriage Paid.
No. 2 .. 8 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. ;£3 7 6
No. 3 .. 12 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 4 17 6
No. 4 .. 16 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 676
These Frames are 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches deep
at the back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with an iron bar and
one handle to each light. All painted four coats of best oil
colour, the lights glazed with 21-oz, English glass.
Penny stamps. Estimates afid Lists post-free.
RUSSIAN MATS,
T BLACKBURN and SONS
O • are offering ARCHANGEL MATi at a lower rale
than for the last ten years for present orders. PETE RS BURG
MATS and MAT BAGS. Having bought neaily the whole
stock from Cronstadt, are prepared to sell at low raies. Prices
and samples on applicition at
4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.G.
Accidents!— 64, ComMU.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured a^amst by the
"OAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
J- ^ Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ^1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;£25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. j£i, 840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64. Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
MONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, j^zoo.ooo. — Reserve Fund, ;£75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ;^io to
^^5000, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds at ^5 per cenL from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special . Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed ;£25o,ooo per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
(Established 1867.)
Dr. Smiles' Works.
TAMES NASMYTH, ENGINEER : an
t/ Autobiography. With Portrait etched by Rajon, and 90
illustrations. Crown 8vo, i6j
" The whole range of literary biography may be searched in
vain for a more interesting record of an active, useful, successful,
and happy life, than is presented by the delightful auto-
biography of James Haismyth."— Edinburgh Review.
'* We should not know where to stop if we were to attempt to
notice all that is instructive and interesting in this volume. It
will be found equally interesting to students of human nature, to
engineers, to astronomers, and even to archjeologists. _ Among
other merits, there are few books which could be put with more
advantage into a young man's hands, as affording an example
of the qualities which conduce to legitimate success in work.''
— Quarterly Review.
LIFE of a SCOTCH NATURALIST.
New Edition. Portrait and illustrations. Post 8vo, 6s.
DUTY : with Illustrations of Courage,
Patience, Endurance. Post 8vo, 6s.
SELF HELP : with Illustrations of Conduct,
Perseverance. Post Svo, 6s.\
CHARACTER : a Book of Noble Charac-
teristics. Post Svo, 6s.
THRIFT: a Book of Domestic Counsel.
Post Svo, 6s.
INDUSTRIAL BIOGRAPHY: Iron
Workers and Tool Makers. Post 8vo, 6s,
LIVES of the ENGINEERS. Illustrated
by 9 Steel Portraits and 342 Engravings on Wood.
5 vols., 7 J. 6d. each.
THE HUGUENOTS: their Settlements,
Churches, and Industries in England and Ireland. Crown
Svo, 75. 6d.
ROBERT DICK : Baker of Thurso, Geo-
logist and Botanist. With Portrait etched by Kajon, and
numerous illustrations. Crown Svo, 12s.
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.
For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price
IS. sewed.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouvorie
Street, E.C.
November 17, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
643
ROBINSON'S COUNTRY SERIES.
In Fcap. 8vo, cloth, price ij, each, by post \S- id.
THE GRAPE VINE, its Propagation and Culture. By John
Simpson.
THE APPLE, in Orchard and Garden. By James Groom.
THE LONDON MARKET GARDEN, or Flowers, Fruits,
and VeRctahles, as grown for Market. By C. W. Shaw.
ASPARAGUS CULTURE, the best methods employed in
England and France, By James Barnus and W.
RoiilNSON. K. L.S.
FRUIT CULTURE for PROFIT. By C. HnnoAV.
THE POTATO in Farm and Garden. By R. tRRMi.lN.
TOWN GARDENING, a Handbook fur Amateurs. By
R. C, RAVENSCROFr.
In crown 8vo, cloth, price \s. 6ti., by post is. Z%d.
MUSHROOM CULTURE, its Extension and Improvement
By W. Robinson, F.L.S.
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE and SONS, Broadw.ay, Ludgate
Hill, E.G.
WANTED, a trustworthy thorough good
SINGLE-HANDED WORKING GARDENER.
Must thoroughly understand Vines, Greenhouse, Forcing
House. Frames, Flower and Kitchen tjardening. Good charac-
ter indispensable. Wages 251. per week, without cottage. —
Mr. E. COWLEV, North Farm, Sudbury, near Harrow,
Middlesex.
Under Gartiener.
WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, who
would also be required to act as Attendant. Wages
£,2^ per year rUing to £^0. wilh board, lodging, washing, and
uniform.— SUPEKINlENDENr, North Riding Asylum,
Clifton, York.
Gardener and Groom.
WANTED, a steady MAN, well up in Gar-
dening generally, and to Groom and Drive one Horse ;
must have filled a similar situation before, and be able to give
pergonal references. Cottage, coals, and lis. per week. —
Apply by letter, giving particulars as to previous situations, to
R. WHITE, Post-office, Chislehurst.
WANTED, as NURSERY FOREMAN,
PROPAGATOR, and GROWER, a man well up in
all branches of Plant Growing, &c. Must understand the Man-
agement of Men and act occasionally as Salesman. None but
those thoroughly expeiienced need apply. — T. G , Hurst & Son,
Seed Merchants, 15a, Houndsdiich, London, E.
WANTED, a young man, as SUB-FORE-
MAN in the Hefbaceous Department.-THOMAS S.
WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London,
WANTED, a MAN well up in Propagating
and Growing Roses under Glass. — State age and wages
required, wilh particulars of previous engagements, to WM.
RUMSEY, Joyniog's Nurseries, Wallham Cross, N.
WANTED, a married COUPLE, without
encumbrance, to take care of a Farm House — wife to
Cook occasionally, and man to have some knowledge of Garden-
ing and Rough Carpentry and b^ able to Keep Accounts. —
Apply, by letter, with copies of testimonials, and stating wages,
to B. W. , at Brown's Advertising Office, 4, Little George Street,
Westminster Abbey, S.W.
WANT PLAGES.
%* Gardeners and others seeking si/ua/ions
are WARNED to be care/ul in their dealings
with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPSor
MONE Y to any Agent unless they have good
reason to knoiv that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill the suuation of
HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or
JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the
above will please send full particulars, when the best selections
for the different capacities will be matie. — HoUowav, N.
RICHARD SMITH AND CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, S:c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
ORCHID GROWER, or HEAD GAR-
DENER, where one or more aie kept. — Age 28 ; has a
thorough knowledge of the profession. First-class references.^
E. G., 102, Reighton Road, Upper Clapton, London, E.
ORCHID GROWER, or HEAD WORK-
ING GARDENER. — Age 30, single ; thoroughly
skilled in the Cultivation of Orchids, also Stove and Greenhouse
Plants, having had thirteen years' practical expeuence in the
profession. — W. MAY, 22, Great Quebec Street, Montague
Square, W.
GARDENER (Head).— ^5 Bonus will be
paid to any one procuring me a situation where several
men are emplo>ed. — JOHN HILL, Post Office, Syston,
Leicestershire.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 31, married,
two children ; sixteen years' practical e.xperience ; eight
years in present situation. — A. HUTIY, Chirk Castle Gardens,
Llangollen Road, Ruabon.
GARDENER (HEAD). — Age 31, married;
understands Gardening in all its branches. Orchids
included. Sixteen years' experience in firsl-class places. Can
be well recommended, -W. DUTHIE. Castle Howard, Yorks.
GARDENER (Head). —Age 31, married;
well experienced in all branches of the profession. Five
and a half years' excellent character from present situation.
Leaving through death of employer.— A. BARKER, Warms-
worth Hall, Doncaster, Yorks.
GARDENER (Head) ; age 31, married, one
child. — A GiiNTLEMAN is auxious to recommend his
late Garci-s.=j:c, who is an able and efficient man, thoroughly
understanding his duties in all branches. — G. B. , 30, North-
wood Road, Archway Road, Highgate. N.
GARDENER (Head); age 40, married, one
soil (age 15) — C. Inos, sixteen years Head Gardener to
E. Charringion, Esq., Bury 's Court, Reigale, offers hiss services
to any Nobleman or Gentileman requiring a persevering
thoroughly experienced man as above. — Address as above.
GARDENER (Head), where one or two are
kept. — Age 30 ; long experience with Vines, Pe.iches,
Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Garden, Four years
in la'it situation. Good character from late employer.—
SAMUEL SMITH, Temple Lodge, Cross Roads, near
Maidenhead, Berkshire.
r:i ARDENER (Head). — A Gentleman,
V-' parting with his thorough Head Gardener, wishes to
obtain another suu.uioa for hiin. Five ^ ears' excellent cha-
racter. Grass Land, Stock, Woods, and General Management
if required ; also Wife Dairy and Poultry. — D. N., Harewood
Lodge, Sunninghill, Ascot.
GARDENER (Head).— Owing to a variety
of circumstances His Grace the Duke of Devonshire does
not consider it requisite to retain the services of a Head Gar-
dener at Lismore Castle, Ireland. G. S. MuLLis, Head Gar-
dener, is at liberty to engage with a Lady, Nobleman, or Gen-
tleman, requiring the services of a thoroughly experienced man.
Address as above.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married ;
thoroughly understands Early and Late Forcing of Fruit,
Cut FloA-ers. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Pleasure and
Kiichen Gardening, likewise Stock and .Land. Ttventy-iive
years' experience ; eight years' good character. — M, E. ,
Gardener's Cottage, Elm House, The Chase, Clapham
Common, S.W.
r:i ARDENER (Head); age 29.— Mr. Austen,
^— ^ Ashton Court, Bristol, begs to intimate his high appre-
ciation of R. Sanders, who has been Foreman here for lour ye^rs,
and formerly of Kangemore and Croxieth, who now --eeks a
responsible head place. Efficient in the Cultivation of Fruits
and Flowers, including Orchids; and is accustomed to supervise
a large stafT of men. His credentials may be relied on.
GARDENER (Head). — To any Lady or
Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical,
trustworthy man the Advertiser might be relied on, having for
twenty-two years most satisfactorily to his employer (now
deceased) conducted the Gardens, together with other things
entrusted to his care. — A, B. DEVON, Gardeners' Chronicle
Office, 4r, Wellington Street, W.C.
GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 29.—
E. Clarke, Gardener, Cannon Hall, Barnsley, can con-
fidently recommend his Foreman, John Street, to any one
requiring the services of a man well up in Fruit and Plant
Growing. Two years in present situation. — Apply as above.
GARDENER (Head Working), where two
or more are kept. — Age 33, married ; thoroughly com-
petent. Six years in last situation. Left through breaking up
of establishment. — URIAH WOOD, Keelby, Ulceby, Lincoln-
shire.
GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 25 ;
has a practical knowledge of the profession, including
Orchids, Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and the general
routine of Gardening. Eight years' good character. — H. H.,
North Cottage, Horndean, Hants.
GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.—
Mr. B. Beale, Gardener to E. A. Hambro, Esq., Hayes
Place, Hayes, Eeckenham, Kent, can with every confidence
recommend his Foreman, Charles Blick, who has been with him
two and a half years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the
services of a thorough good Gardener. First-class character
and testimonials.
GARDENER (Under), Inside or Out.—
Age 21 ; respectable. Good character, — E. C, The
Gardens, Kingsfield, Dartford, Kent.
GARDENER (Under), or FIRST
JOURNEYMAN.— Age 23 ; ten years* practical ex-
perience in first-class establishments. Strictly steauy, persever-
ing, and trustworthy.— Mr. GOLDSMITH, Polejden, Dorking.
GARDENER (Under), where others are
kept, — Age 18, strong, a Gardener's son ; has had expe-
rience in Gentlemen's gardens. Good testimonials. Abstainer.
— H. B., 4, Oxford Villas, Livingstone Road, New Thornton
Heath, Croydon.
FOREMAN, or to take charge of Small
Nursery. — Age 31 ; fifteen years' experience. Under-
stands the Growing of Fruit, Plants, and Cut Flowers. Well
up in the Making of Wreaths, Bouquets, Crosses, and all kinds
of Floral Decorations. Good references, — B., 3, Railway
Terrace, Hyrwick's Lane, Birmingham.
To Nurserymen.
MANAGER, or GENERAL NURSERY
FOREMAN. — Open for engagement. Highest refer-
ences from leading Firms. —X, Garde?iers' Chronicle Office,
41, Wellington bteet. Strand, W.C.
To Nurserymen.
MANAGER, or FOREMAN PROPA-
GATOR. — Thorough knowledge of Growing Hard
and Soft-wooded, Stove, Greenhouse, and other Plants; aLo
Cut Flowers. 'Twenty-six years' experience in Market and
other Nurseries. Good le'etences. — A. B., Gothic Cottage,
Weat Green, Tottenham, London.
GROWER. — Peaches, Grapes, Cucumbers,
Melons, and Cut Flowers. Thirty years' experience.
Six years' undeniable character. Please state terras, — Z. Z.,
New Cottage, Ascot, Berks.
I)OSE GROWER. — The Advertiser, for
^ fourteen years with James Dickson & Sons, of Chester,
is open to engage with any Nurseryman or Gentleman as above.
Well up in Rose Growing in all its branches.— P. J. HEATH,
18, Denbigh Street, Cheyney Road, Chester.
To Nurserymen.
FRUIT and FRUIT TREE GROWER.
— Well up in Apples. The Advertiser has a go'd general
knowledge of all Nursery Work connected with the above, as
well as other Nursery Stock. Gjod references. — T. S., R.
Edmaston, 6, Huntley Street, Edinburgh.
PROPAGATOR, or good ASSISTANT.—
Age 21 ; well up in Roses, Licmalis, and So(t-woodcd
Stuff in general. Seven years in one of the leading Nurseries.
—ALPHA, 5, Ashbrook Cott.iges, Hollington, St. Leonards-
on-Sea.
rOURNEYMAN, in tlie Houses.— Age 23 ;
fJ good te.stimoiiials. — G. EVANS, The Exotic Nurbtrics,
Waltham Cross. London, N.
IMPROVER, in the Houses, under a Fore-
man.— Age 18 ; three years' experience. Good character.
B. KENT. Mmstead, Lyndhurst, Hants.
To Provincial Seedsmen.
ASSISTANT. — Has had good experience.
First-clasi reference'*, and pprfeclly understiuids Bits
and bar frame hives.— J. B , Mr. Kobt. Cooper, Seed^man,
Southwark Street, London, S.
'•pO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted in
-■- a Nursery, under a Foreman, by a young man (age 21).
Six years' exf ericnce. — W. D. M., Hope Cottage, Gravel Hill,
Henley, Oxon.
TO NURSERYMEN, MARKET
GROWERS. &c. — Wanted, a situation under
Glass. Age 22 ; six years' good ch.iracter from present and
previous employers —JAMES SHORT, Clark Bros. & Co.,
Nurserymen, Carlisle.
To GARDENERS.— Wanted a situation for
a Youth (age 15) in a Genlleman's Garden. Wwuld be
willing to pay a Premium to experienced Head Gardener, —
E. MtNDHAM, Enderby Hall, Leicester.
TO THE SEED TRADE.— Wanted, by a
youth (age 17), a situation. Three years' experience in a
provincial town ; good character. — C. H. THOMAS, 30, Hud-
son Road, Southsea.
TRAVELLER, or NURSERY FOREMAN.
— Twenty-five years experience in largest Provincial,
Scotch and English Nurseries. Accustomed tu travel, and with
first-rate connection. — R. H. , Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152,
Houndsditch, E.
NURSERY FOREMAN, SALESMAN,
TRAVELLER, or General, in Seed Shop or Offlce.—
Experienced in every branch. Total abstainer. For particulars
and references address FAIRFAX, Gardeners' Chronicle i)i^\c^,
4% Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
Wliolesale Seed Trade.
MANAGER, or HEAD COUNTER-
HAND ; age 36.— W. H. Ci'ddeford will shortly beat
liberty for a re-engagement as above. Twenty-two years' ex-
perience.— I, Cardigan Road, St. Albans.
To Florists.
SHOPMAN, or to MANAGE Small
Business. — Fifteen years' experience ; thoroughly under-
stands the Making of Bouquets, Wreaths, Crosses, &c. Has a
good knowledge of the Seed Trade, and the Culture and iValue
of Plants. Good references as to character and ability.— H. J.,
7, Corporation Street, Birmingham.
SHOPMAN (Head), in Wholesale or Retail
House. — Age 31 ; eighteen years' experience in good
houses. Well up in all branches. Exceptional character and
good address. — A. W., 41, Carrol Road, Dartmouth Park,N.W.
SHOPMAN (He.\d), or take Charge of
Department. — Nine years in London Trade. First-class
references. Would go abroad. — W. B., Gardeyters' Chronicle
Office, 4r, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
Seed Trade.
SHOPMAN. — Age 25 ; eight years' experi-
ence both in Wholesale and Retiil Houses.— H, S., gS,
Harrison Street, Gray's Inn Road, London. W.C.
UHOPMAN or ASSISTANT, in a good
^^ House. — Age i5 ; ten years' experience. Highly recom-
mended.— T. H.,W. Troughton, Seedsman, Preston,
GRATEFUL— COMFORTING.
EPPS'S COCOA.
BREAKFAST.
*' By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern
the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli-
cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. tpps
has provided our breakfast-tables with a delicately flavoured
beverage which may save us many heavy doctors's bilis. It is
by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution
may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every
tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating
around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak pnint. We
may esc.ipe many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified
with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Service
Gazette.
Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in
Packets, labelled thus : —
JAMES EPPS & CO., Homceopathlc Cliemiata,
London. England.
H^ "OLLOWAY'S^OINTMENT and PILLS.
Sudden changes of temperature sorely try all persons
prone to Rheumatism, Sciatica, Tic Doloreux.and many similar
maladies scarcely less painful, though of shorter duration. On
the first attack of stiffness or sutTering in any muscle, jaint, or
nerve, recourse should immediately be had to fomenting the seat
of disease with hot btine and rubbing in this remarkable Oint-
ment, which will assuage the uneasiness of the part, subdue
inflammation, and reduce the swelling. The Pills, simultaneously
taken, will rectify constitutional disturbances and renew the
strength. No remedy heretofore discovered has proved so
effective as the Ointment and Pills for removing gouty, rheu-
matic and scrofulous attacks, which afflict all ages, and arc
commonly called hereditary.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[November 17, 1883.
CHARLES 8HARPE & CO., SLEAFORD.-novelties for i884.
NEW PEA— SHARPE'S TRIUMPH— Sealed i-pint Packets, Ss. 6d. each, post-free.
Triumph is the best of the many fine varieties we have sent out. it is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow, of exquisite flavour ; the pods are large, well filled with large Peas. The habit
is dense and bushy ; height 2 to 3 feet. In constitution it is robust and hardy ; and is the perfection of Peas either for exhibition or for ordinary use.
CUCUMBER.
If liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiifj^^
2s. 6d. per Packet (10 Seeds).
Epicurean will produce Cucumbers all the year round.
POTATO.
Is. per Pound.
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SHARPE'S GIANT MARROW.-drawn to scale.
The Editor of the " JOTJBNAL of HOBTICTJIiTURE," in the Number for July 20, 1883, says :—
"Mr. MuiR has sent us a sample of GIANT MARROW PEA which he regards as the finest variety in cultivation. We
have never seen finer Peas. The pods are of great size, 7 inches long and i^ inch wide, curved, dark green in
colour, and crowded with fine Peas. Mr. Muir states it is a great cropper, and of the first quality when '
cooked. It is thus one of the most useful Peas as well as one of the best for e.xhibition purposes."
1 Pint Packets. 23. 6d. each. M Pint Packets, Is. 6d. each.
TRADE PRICE and GENERAL CATALOGUE of SPECIALITIES POST FREE.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, November r^, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J, Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
C£;tal)Usijeti I84i.
No. 517. — Vol,
VV I New (
-^-^- (Series. )
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, iSSj
Registered at llic General
Post-ofTice as a Newspapei
'I
'■i
Price 5d.
POST-FRRE, 5i(/.
CONTENTS.
Autumn and spring plant-
ing . . . . 667
AmpeIop>^is Veitchii . . 6('4
Auricula, the Slough .. 661
Bi'd's-nest Orchis, the .. 666
Books, notices of .. 657
Carnation Miss Joliffe .. (62
Ccelogvne barbaia .. 658
Chou de Burghley .. 666
Chrysanthemum propaga-
tion . . . . . . 663
Chrysanthemums, early
flowering . . . . 665
Cochineal culture in Te-
neriffe •. .. .. 662
Cucumbers . . . . 650
Cupressus macrocarpa . . 665
Fdinbargh uotes. . .. 666
Epidendrum psuedepi-
dendrum . . . . 658
Epidendrum ionocentrum 658
Epiphyllum truncatum .. 653
Forestry exhibibiton, in-
ternational . . . . 663
Ferriby Brook nursery . 654
Forest conservation in
America,. .. .. 656
Forestry . . . . 667
Fuchsia exoniensis or
corallina.. .. .. 664
Ginger fungus . . . . 662
Glazing 652
Grafting, double . . . . 664
Grape, the Winter King. 667
Graft-changed Pear . . 665
Handcross Park .. .. 653
Isaria disease of grass . . 664
Kitchen garden, the .. 659
Mistlelo trees .. 6^4
Narcissus viridiflorus .. 664
Newcastle parks and gar-
dens
Oberonia iridifolia
Odontoglossum tErstedti
Orchid notes and glean-
ings
Orchids, Central Ameri-
can
Osmanlhus fragrans
Peaches and Nectarines.
Peziza disease of Potatos
Plants and their culture .
Plant portraits ..
Potato, the new . .
„ disease
Primulas, new Asiatic ..
Renanihera Lowi
Sarracenia moth, the ..
Seakale
Seed lying dormant
St. Petersburg interna-
tional exhibition
Societies : —
bath
Brighton and Hove ..
CljnmelR(JO:,Fruit,&c.
Devizes . .
Edinburgh Botanical..
Kingston
Loughborough , .
Stainesand Egham Dis-
trict
Strawberries in November
Sunderlai^d Town Park..
Syagrus botryophora
Tenants' fixtvires . .
Tomatos at Reading
Tree planting
Truffles
Weather, the
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Apple Duchess of Oldenberg
iSairacenia Moth, the
Syagrus botryophora
Tree ties . .
653
663
658
658
658
662
f59
604
658
667
662
665
657
656
652
666
663
6f9
66li
670
668
668
66g
669
6f9
604
654
600
665
654
651
660
670
66s
656
661
653
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now be made payable at
DRURY LANE.
NOTICE.— NATIONAL CHRYSANTHE-
MUM SOCIETY (late Boroush of Hackney and
original Stoke Newineton).- 1884.
The ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held at the Roval
Aquarium, Westminster, on WEDNESDAY and THURS-
DAY, November 12 and 13, 1884.
WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec.
Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, E.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— 20,000 White, Cut
Blooms, to offer ; fine, under glass, Elaine and Mrs. G.
Rundle, at per dozen, lo**, or looo.
R. LOCKE, Red Hill. Surrey.
H
Erica hyemalls, in flower.
UGH LOW AND CO. offer the above, in
4S-pots, at 75^. per loo ; can be supplied by the 10:0.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.
Standard Tea, &c.. Roses.
MARECHAL N1£L and best sorts only.
Particulars on application to
THOMAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.
MAGNOLIAS grandiflora and exoniensis,
very fine plants. Prices on application to
THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
London.
Fruit Trees to Offer.
STANDARD APPLES and PEARS, also
PURPLE and WEEPING BEECH. Piice per too on
application to
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey,
Surrey.
POTATOS.— Sutton's Reading Hero, White
Elephant, Beauty of Hebron, and Ashleaf Kidney. A
few Tons each ot these popular sorts cheap (or cash, to save
storing. BRINKWORTH and SONS, Reading.
Now Ready.
THE GARDEN ANNUAL, ALMANAC,
and ADDKLSS BOOK for 1884. Price \s., post-free.
IS. -id. The most complete and accurate Yearly Keference
Book for the use of all mteresied in Gardens yet published.
Office :— 37, Southampton Stieet, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Firms In the Nursery and Seed Trade
wishing to publish iheir announcements in Ireland, will find
THE IRISH FARM, FOREST, and
GARDEN, an excellent medium. Specimen Copies,
Scale of Charges, &c , on application to
Mr, THOS. MOORE, Sole Proprietor, 39, Lower Ormond
Quay, Dublin.
Llllum auratum.— To the Trade
TAMES CARTER, DUNNETT AND
" BEALE are prepared to offer Cases containing 50 and 100
bulbs, as imported — unopened and examined Pi ice on applica-
tion. Also strong bulbs of L. LANCIFOLIUM ALBUM,
RUBRUM, and KOSEIJM.
237 and 238, High Holborn, 1 ondon, W.C.
FRICAN TUBEROSES, a second and
very fine consignment, just arrived.
GLADIOLUS BRENCHLtYENS IS, unusually fine this year.
Price per looo and too, to the Trade, on apolication to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 andssS,
High Holborn, London, W.C.
URPLUS STOCK.— Handsome and Choice
Evergreen and Deciduous TREES for Avenues, Parks,
Gardens. Streets, &c. Very good and cheap. LLST free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
CHESTNUTTSpanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash,
Scotch, Birch, Alder, Willow, Seedling Oak, and Thorn
Quick. Stout, well-rcoled. transplanted. A large quantity to
be sold.— GEO. CHORLEY, Coastti's Nursery. Midhurst.
Orchids, Bulba, Lilies,
THE NEW PLANT and BULB COM-
PANY. Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64, containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
VAN GEERT, NURSERYMAN, Ghent,
• has Still on hand nice Indian and Mollis AZALEAS ;
fine CAMELLIAS, all with buds. Also strong clumps of
SPIR^A JAPONICA, for forcing.
The whole at usual Trade Prices,
HRISTMAS TREES in great variety.
Well-grown Trees, fine in colour, from 2 to zo feet.
Suitable for every description of Christmas decorating.
CATALOGUES ready, apply at once.
W. JACKSON AND CO., Nurseries, Bedale.
New Catalogues.
CHARLES TURNER'S New Descriptive
CATALOGUES for the season are now ready, com-
prising Roses. Fruit Trees, and all kinds of Hardy Trees and
Shrubs ; also Carnations, Picotees, Auriculas, and other
Florist Flowers, Bulbs, &c.
The Royal Nurseries, Slough.
ARNATION, "MARY MORRIS."
Plants now ready for delivery.
First- class Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
1882. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, of
great size, very full, and of perfect shape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardeners' Chrontcle, August 4, 1883, page r46.
Price and all oarticulars on application to
H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Dniry Lane, W.C.
ELLEBORUS NIGER MAXIMUS.—
The large flowered Aberdeen variety, true, if. g^/. each,
i8f. per dtzen. Post-paid or carriage-free for Cash with order,
MORRISON BROTHERS, Aberdeen.
ANTED, TWO CAMELLIAS (dd
Double White), about 4 feet, and in good condition, in
EXCHANGE tor EUCHARIb AMAZONICA. any size up to
16 inch pots. Also about 10 tons of MAGNUM BONUMS
FOR SALE— first-class quality lor Table or Seed. — Apply to
J. BLAYNEV, The Gardens, Huntley Manor, near Gloucester.
ANTED TO PURCHASE or
EXCHANGE, large plants of DAPHNE INDICA
RUBRA and ALBA.
The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John
Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
ESSRS. SQUELCH and BARNHAM,
Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent Garden Market]
W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of choice
FRUIT and FLOWERS. Baskets and Labels supplied.
Terms and references on application.
To tlie Trade.
WANTED, for present planting, some good
plants of LAURUSTINUS, EUuNYMUS. also
ARBOR-Vir^S and CUPRESSUS for forming a hedge.
Must be cheap. Address
M. L., 42, Brunswick Terrace, Brighton.
To Flower Growers.
CONSIGNMENTS RECEIVED for DISPOSAL at Market
Prices
WANTED, GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS,
ARUMS. White AZALEAS. CAMELLIAS.
ROSES, &c., in any quantity. Blxcs supplied. Teimi upon
application.
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden. London. W.C.
Address — Flower Commission Department.
ANTED, Twelve large FIG TREES, in
pots, about 3 feet high by 3 feet through. State sorts,
sizes, and price to
ROBERT VEITCH awd SON, Exotic Nursery, Exeter.
Notice to Senders.
WANTED, GRAPES, TOMATOS. MARIE
LOUISE PEARS, &c Also STEPHANOTIS,
EUCHARIS. GARDENIAS, ROSES, TUBEROSES,
ORCHIDS, White CAMELLIAS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, W.C.
H
Amsterdam Exhibition, 1883.
The QUTTONS' GRASS SEEDS
_. .. VJ were used for Sowing the whole of the
Diploma Fxhibitton Grounds, and have been awarded the
d'Honncur. Highest Recompense, viz., the DipI6me d'Hon-
neur.
SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. Reading,
Berks.
New White Neapolitan Violet.
COMTE BRAZZA,— Flowers peifectlydouble,
delightlully fragrant, and purest white. Fiist-class Certi-
ficate Floral Committee. Plants in small 6o's, 3J. tid, each,
311 td. per dozen.
BARR and son. 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
ANDRE LEROY'S~Nurseries, at Angers,
Fiance, the largest and richest in Europe in Collec-
tions of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS,
CAMELLIAS, ROSES. SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT
TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight
from Angers to London, vUl Hi)iifleur, about 2j. 6(/. per too lb.
Medal ol Hunonr at the Universal Exhibuion at Paris in 1878.
Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON AND SCULL,
90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.
The Best WUte Lily.
L ILIUM PHILIFPINENSE is the most
handsome White Lily in cultivation. Price loj. td. each,
4 guineas per dozen.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 5j6, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
A Q U I L E G I A GLAN D ULOSA
-i^ (GRIGOR'S, guaranteed true).
Twelve Plants of this beautiful Columbine, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kingdom, at 6f. per
dozen. Cash with order.
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres. N.B.
FRANCIS BELL, Nurseryman, Easing-
wold, offers for sale 2,000,000 LARCH, 2 to 5 feet,
recently transplanted, with good leads and well rooted, at
greatly reduced prices.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the fiowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from lis. to 245. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
East Lothian Stock and Pansy Seed.
RB. LAIRD AND SONS (sole Successors to
• PowNiE & Lairu) can offer the above. Particulars as
to price, &c., "n applicadon.
R. B. LAIRD AND SONS, Seedsmen, 17, Frederick Street
Edinburgh.
APE FLOWER S.— Finest imported
or. per 1000; wired and opened, i6i.
c
MOYSES STEVENS,
Street, Belgravia, S.W.
22, Stockbridge Terrace, Victoria
ENGLISH OAKS (Quercus pedunculata).—
For Sale, about go.oco 2-yr, Seedling Oaks. For sample
and. price, apply to
J. HARTNELL, Bailiff, Houghton Hall, Swaffham, Norfolk
SPLENDID TREE^CARNATIONS coming
into bloom The finest subjects for Winter Decoration, in
rich colours — Pink. White, Rose, Crimson, Yellow, and
Scarlet, &c Awarded Piize Medal at Royal Horticultural
Society, en Tuesday, November 13. Price 2i. dd., 3^. td.., and
5^. each, according to size.
H' »OPER AND C(_> , Covent Garden, London, W.C.
JOHN LAINGandCO.'SCHRYSANTHE-
O MUM EXHIBITION is now open to view at Stanstead
Park. The Lolteciion comprises all the latest interesting
Japanese varieties. Lists gratis on application. See reports of
the Ra>al Horticultural Society's meeting on the 13th inst.
Address JOHN LAING and CO., The Nurseries, Forest
Hill, S.E.
Grape Vines— Grape Vines.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• his stock of VINES this stason is remarkably fine, and
is now ready for sending out. A Descriptive LIST will be
found in the Bulb Catalogue, post-free on application. Early
Orders are solicited.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, N.
Vines -Vines— Vines.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this season, as
usual, a splendid bt' ck 01 VI N ES, suUable for Krui'ing in Pots
and Planting Vineries. Also a fine stock of Mdiechal Kiel,
GLiie de Dijon, and other TEA Kt iStS.
Descriptive Priced LIST un application.
The Vineyard, Garsion, Liverpool.
EACHES and NECTARINES.— Several
Large Trees to di-po^e of, 15 to 20 feet in diameter.
Names and prices on application.
IRELAND AND THOMSON, 20, Waterloo Place,
Edinburgh.
To tbe Trade.
PEAS.— Veitch's Perfection, Yorkshire Hero,
Day's Early Sunrise. Harrison's Glory, Kentish Invicta,
&c. Cheap for cash.— BRINKWORTH and SONS. Reading.
646
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[November 24, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Monday, TliurBday, and Saturday Next.
DUTCH BULBS. — Great Unreserved Sales.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.. on MONDAY, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY NEXT, at half-past it o'clock precisely
each day, extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUS, NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, GLADIOLUS,
and other ROOTS from Holland.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street. E.G.
Soutbgate.
The Chase Nursery, Frog Hal], opposite Mr. Bramley's Nest-
bole Farm, Enfield Road, about 2 miles from Oakieigh
Park, or New Barnet Station.
In Liquidation.— /?,? Appleby. — Without reserve.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, by order of the Trustee, on
the Premises as above, on TUESDAY NEXT. November 27,
at 12 o'clock precisely, the whole of the NURSERY STOCK,
including 3000 Standard and Dwarf Roses, 10,000 Manetti
Stocks, Fruit Trees, Evergreens, &c. ; Greenhouse Plants in
variety ; Span-roof GREENHOUSE, FRAMES, PITS, and
other effects.
May be viewed. Catalogues on the Premises ; of Messrs.
ANDREWS AND MASON, Accountants, 7, Ironmonger Lane,
E.G. ; J. WEBti, Esq , Solicitor, 159. Euston Road, N.W, ;
and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New
Broad Street, E, C.
Tuesday Next.- 350 Lots.
SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that their next special SALE of
ORCHIDS in Flower and in Bud will take place on TUES-
DAY NEXT, at their Central Auction Rooms, 6; and 68,
Cheapside. E.G.. commencing at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely.
The plants will be on view from 11 o'Clock until the time of
Sale, and will comprise many special and beautiful varieties
from some of the best collections.
Catalogues are now ready, and may be had at the Rooms, or
8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Wednesday Next.
7000 LILIUM AURATUM, fine Bulbs.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms.
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, at
balf-past 12 o'clock precisely, 7000 very fine bulbs of LILIUM
AURATUM. just received from Japan ; 1000 Double TUBE-
ROSES ; also IMANTOPHYLLUM MINIATUM SPLEN-
DENS, received direct from the Cape ; 1000 LILIUM
HARRISII, 5CO HELLEBORUS NIGER, a fine assortment
of hardy English-grown LILIES, MILLA BIFLORA, and
other PLANTS and BULBS too numerous to mention.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E.G.
Friday Next.
CYPRIPEDIUM L^EVIGATUM, van
AERIDES QUINQUEVULNERUM, var.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past
jz o'clock precisely, by order of Mr, Pfau, a magnificent im-
portation of the above. Both have been collected in a new
locality very distant from the old one, and according to the
description of ihe collectors have proved to be very beamiful
new varieties, which will be described in the Catalogue. They
have just arrived in very best condition, and splendid specimens.
At the same time will be offered a few fine lots of the most rare
ODONTOGLOSSUM KRAMERI, and EPIDENDRUM
PSEUD-EPIDENDKUM, which have arrived by last steamer
in the finest health. Also the following rare ORCHIDS :—
Trichopiha crispa, Odontoglossum nebulosum, lEevigatum and
Reichenbachianum ; Cypripedium caudatiim and longiflorum,
Pescaiorei cerina (true), and others.
On view moraing of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and 8,
New Broad Street, E.G.
Friday Next-
ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.E.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to include in their
SALE on FRIDAY NEXT a very fine lot of ODONTO-
GLOSSUM ALEXANDRA of the finest type.
On view morning of sale, and Catalogues had.
Saturday Next.
ROSES, BULBS, CAMELLIAS, and AZALEAS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside. EC, on SATURDAY NEXT, at half-
past It o'clock precisely, 500 CAMELLIAS, AZ.ALEAS,
FICUS, and other plants Irom Belgium : 500 Standard and
Dwarf ROSES, of the finest sorts ; HYACIN I'HS, TULIPS,
CROCUS. NARCISSUS, and other DUTCH BULBS.
On view moining of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad btrtet. E.G.
SunbiuT, Middlesex.
Ten minutes' walk from the Station.
By Order of the Executors of the late Mr. R. A. Osborne,
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
wilt SELL by AUC'UON. on the Premises, Osborne's
Nursery, Sunbnry, on THURSDAY, December 6.at 12 o'Clock
precisely, the Fourth and Final Portion of the excepiijnally
well grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising a variety of
Ornamental and Deciduous Trees, ao.oco Fruit Trees, including
6co Moor Park Apricots, trained and Maidens ; 10,000 Maiden
Apples, 3000 Plums and Damsons, 4500 Pears, 8000 Dwarf
H.P. Roses, Qoo Standaid H.P. Roses, small Evergreens in
large quantitie?, and 50 bushels of Peas.
The Auctioneers beg to draw special attention to the large
quantity of FRUIT TREES, for which the late firm of Messrs.
Osborne were so justly celebrated, the whole being for Sale,
without the least reserve.
May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New
Broad Street, E.G.
N.B. The valuable FREEHOLD NURSERY, with the
Glass Erections, is FOR SALE on advantageous Terms. Par-
ticulars of the Auctioneer?,
Ottershaw Park Nursery, Ottershaw, Cliertsey.
UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of well-grown
NURSERY STOCK. Owing to this property being Sold,
and the Lease having expired,
MESSRS. R. AND J. WATERER and
SON have been favourpd with instructions from Mr. W,
Fletcher to SELL by AUCTION, upon the Premises, on
MOND.^Y, December 3, and following days, at ii for r2 o'clock
precisely, on each day, the whole of the NURSERY STOCK,
on the above Land, comprising 50,000 Standard and Pyramid
Fruit Trees of the choicest sorts of Apples, Pears, and Plums ;
300 Dwarf-trained Fruit Trees ; io,coo Common Privet ; 15.OC0
Forest Trees, consisting of Horse Chestnut and Birch, 12 to
20 feet : Scarlet Oaks. 4 to 6 feet ; Weymouth Pine, 8 to r2 feet ;
Purple Beech, 7 to 12 feet ; Weeping Beech and Elm, 8 to
to feet ; Norway Maple, 3 to 14 feet ; Hornbeam, 6 to 12 feet ;
Limes, 4 to 10 feet : Spanish Chestnuts, i to 3 feet ; Elms,
2 to 3 feet : and a number of Ornamental Shrubs, Picea Nord-
manniana, Aucubas, named Rhododendrons, Variegated and
Green Hollies, &c. ; a few choice Standard and Dwarf Rose
Trees, and other stock.
May be viewed, and Catalogues obtained 7 days prior to the
days of Sale, at the principal Hotels and Inns in the neighbour-
hood ; of Messrs. FLETCHER akd SONS, Ottershaw
Nurseries : and of the Auctioneers, Chertsey and Weybridge
Station, Surrey.
Dutcli Flower Boots, every Monday, Wednesday and
SATURDAY.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, Kmg Street. Covent
Garden. W.C, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
SATURDAY, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a large consign-
ment of first-class DOUBLE and SINGLE HYACINTHS,
in all colours; TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, Early ROMAN HYACINTHS,
and other BULBS, just received from well known fatms in
Holland, in lots to suit the Trade and Private Buyers.
On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Monday Next.— (Sale No. 6527.)
BULBS from Holland. ROSES from France.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C., on MONDAY NEXT, November 26,
at half-past r2 o'Clock precisely, a consignment of first-class
Standard and Dwarf ROSES, all finest named sorts from one of
the most renowned nurseries in France, also an importation
of choice named Double and Single HYACINTHS, of all
colours, for Glasses, Pots, and Borders ; TULIPS, CROCUSES,
NARCISSUS, SCILLAS. SNOWDROPS, IkIS, ANE-
MONES, RANUNCULI, and other BULBS, just ariived from
well-known farms in Holland, in lots to suit all buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Tuesday Next.-(Sale No, 652S )
HOME-GROWN LILIES ; L. AURATUM from Japan.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, a* his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, November
27, at half-past 12 o'Clock prtcisely. a choice and extensive
selection of ENGLISH-GROWN LILIES, including many of
the finest sorts in cultivation ; 500 plants of DlONv^A MUS-
CIPULA, hardy and Greenhnuse BULBS in variety, choice
named CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, &c. ; also an impor-
tation of LILIUM AURATUM from Japan, in fine condition ;
Consignment of PLANTS and BULBS from Germany, 500
IMANTOPHYLLUM MINIATUM SPLENDENS, from
South Africa; a small Collection of SEF.DS and PLANTS from
New Zealand, and ab^ut too lots of HYACINTHS, TULIPS.
CROCU^ES, NARCISSUS, and other DUTCH BULBS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next,— (Sale No. 6529.)
HARDY PLANTS and BULBS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, November
28. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. First-class Standard and
Dw.arf ROSES from well-known English Nurseries, hardy
Herbaceous BORDER PLANTS, Ornamenlal GREEN-
HOUSE PLANTS, and a consignment of choice named
Double and Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES,
NARCISSUS, SCILLAS, GLADIOLI, LILIU.VIS, and
other BULBS from Holland.
On view mornirg of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next —(Sale No. 6530.)
VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS.
1\;TR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
XSX. AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street.
Covent Garden, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY
NEXT, November 29, at half-past 12 o'Clock pvecisely, a very
grand lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM MADKENSE. rare
MASDEVALLIAS, LYCASTE SKINNERI, CATTLEYAS,
&c.; also a most lovely ODONTOGLOSSUM in flower.
On view morning of Sale, and Calalogues had.
Thursday, December 6.
CYPRIPEDIU.M LjEVIGATUM, new variety.
AERIDES QUINQUEVULNERUM, variety.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street.
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, December 6, .at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr R. Pfau. a migni-
ficent imporlation in splendid specimens of CYPRIPEDIUM
I^.VIGATUM, new variety, and AERIDES QUINQUE-
VULNERUM, variety with orange yellow lip. Both hive
been collected in a new locality, and have just arrived in very
best condition. At the same Sale will be offered a f^-w lots of
good strong plants of the rare ODONTOGLOSSUM KRA-
MERI. also the following :— TRICHOPILIA LLPIDA and
CRISPA, ODONTOGLOSSUM REICHENHEIMII,
L/EVE, EGERTONIANUM ; CYPRIPEDIUM CAU-
D VrUM. PESCA 1 OREI, CERINA. ; TRICHOCENTRUiM
PFAUII, SOBRALIA FENZLIANA, and others.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Immense Importation of LUitim auratum and otlier
BULBS FROM JAPAN.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Gaiden, W.C, early in DECEMBER, a consignment
of 313 cases from Japan, comprising some gigantic bulbs of
LILIUM AURATUM, L. KRAMERI, L. SPECIOSUM,
ROSEUM and ALBUM, L. LONGIFLORUM, and L.
THUNBERGIANUM.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
500 Camellias from America.
IVTR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
-l-'X AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, EARLY in DECEMBER, by order of
Messrs. Hovey & Co., of Boston, U.S.A., about 500 plants of
the three Seedling CAMELLIAS— C. M. Hovey, C. H. Hovey,
and Mrs. Anna Maria Hovey ; also a few other PLANTS and
BULBS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Stove and Greenliouse Plants.
MR. J. C. STEVENS is instructed to offer
for SALE by PRIVATE CONTRACT, a quantity of
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising about
240 plants, the majority in tubs and pots, consisting of Camel-
lias, Azaleas, Diacajnas, Palms, Araucarias, Tree Ferns, &c.,
suitable for large Hotels, Halls, &c.
For Cards to view the above, which are at Birmingham, apply
to Mr. J. C. STEVENS, 38, King Street, Covent Garden,
London, W.C.
LAND.— WANTED to PURCHASE, or
LEASE, 4 to 6 acres or more of good Land, suitable for
a Nursery or Market Garden, facing a main road, and near a
Railway Station, not more than 12 miles Irom Covent Garden.
If with good house preferred.
Send panicuUrs to R. OWEN, Mill End, Henley-on-Thames.
a^O BE SOLD, a thorough good NURSERY
X and FLORIST BUSINESS, in a grand position, with
good connection, m one of the most fashionable suburbs of
London, close to a leading Railway Station. The Glasshouses,
Ornamental Shop and Conservatory, on the main road, with
Stock, &c.. to be SOLD in ONE LOT. with immediate posses-
sion. Family reasons sole cause of selling. Rent nominal,
X. Y. Z., Gardeners' C kronicie OSicg, 41, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.
OR SALE, a FREEHOLD PLOT of
LAND, with five Greenhouses well Heated with Hot
Water ; Rosery, Vinery, two Flower-houses. In a rapidly rising
neighbourhood surrounded by villas, 15 miles from London,
three minutes from Junction, on London and North-Westem
Railway. Price, with Stcck. ;^55o, or could he taken at valua-
tion. Illness cause ot leaving. Apply,
H. PETTY, Watford. Herts.
Pine-apple Nursery, Peckham Kye, E.C.
TO BE LET, on Lease, this well-known
NURSERY, with extensive Grape and Orchard-houses,
planted with ihe choicest Vines and trees ; Hothouses and
numerous Outbuildings, Cottage. Stabling, &c.
For terms apply to RUSHWORTH, ABBOTT and
STEVENS, 22, Savile Row, Regent's Street, W.
PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horti-
CULTURAL Market GARrEN and Estate Auctioneers
and Valuers, S, New Broad Street, E.G., and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.
TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
OTICE. — WILLIAM SUTHERLAND,
late of the Barbourne Nurseries, Worcester, and previ-
ously of Liverpool, begs to intimate that, having effected an
engagement with Messrs. James Dickson & Sons, his present
address (at which he hopes to hear from his various friends) is
■' Newton" Nurseries, Chester.
TO BE SOLD, a large quantity of very good
RASPBERRY CANES.— Apply to
H. T. BENNETT. Easebourne, Midhurst, Sussex.
ILIUM AURATUM — new GREEN-
HOUSE BULBOUS PLANTS of great beauty. &c.—
Please send for " Special LIST," just published.
FRED. HORSMAN and CO.. Colchester.
LARCH FIR, extra strong transplanted,
2 to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. Extra strong
transplanted SCOTCH FIR, 2 to 3 feet. Samples and prices
OD application to
J. SLATER AND SONS. The Nurseries, Malton, Yorks.
e'w CHRYSANTHEMUM,
"G. STEVENS."
First-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society, South
Kensington, November 13, 1883. A charming reflexed variety,
compact blooms, flat florets, crimson-chocolate, slightly in-
curved in centre, showing the gold under-surface ; quite distinct
from any other variety. A limited quantity to send out in
March next, at is. each, post-free is. yi. Cash with order.
See report in yourital of Horticulture of November 15. Orders
now being booked, which will be sent out in strict rotation.
Chrysanthemum CATALOGUES on application.
G. STEVENS. t.R.H.S., St. John's Nursery. Putney, S.W.
~0 THE TRADE
CHRISTMAS ROSES, extra fine stuff, well set with
flower-buds, 42J per 100.
HYACINTHS, White Roman, 11^. per 100.
NARCISS, Paper-white, 75. per loc.
,, Pheasant" s-eye, 14s. per 1000.
CROCUS. Vellow. 75. per 1000.
SNOWDROPS, i6.r. per 1000.
SCILLA SIBIRICA. 3^. 6rf. per 100.
GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS. ss-T- per 1000.
SANDER AND CO, Seed Growers, St. Albans.
TLAXTON will be happy to quote Prices
• of Dwar'^s, chiefly Maidens, of several of ihe best
Standard and New Sorts of Fruits, including : —
APPLES— Lord Suffield. Mr. Gladstone, Peasgood's Nonsuch,
Keswick, Warner's King, Wellington, S:c.
PEARS— Louise Bonne, Williams' Jargonelle, Souvenir du
Congr^s, Clapp's Favourite, Frederick Clapp. &c.
PLUMS— Victoria. Rivers' Prolific, Orieans, &c.
CHERRIES-Morelloand May Duke.
T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.
T
BOUVARDIAS. — Fine, bushy, healthy
plants, of A. Neuner, Dazzler, and others, 4&r. per 100.
Tree CARNATIONS, best free blooming kinds, 40J. per 100.
Mrs. SINKINS, best white CLOVE CARNATION, for
forcing, Tps. per 100.
W. JACKSON, BlakedowD, near Kidderminster.
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
647
RASPBERRY CANES for Sale. — Semper
Fidelis, one of the best m.itket sorts, and most abundant
ciopper. £3 ner 1000. „ , ,. ^ *.-jji
T. B. CHAPMAN, Twickenham Road, Isleworth, Middlesex.
PLUM TREES for SALE .—Pond's Seedling,
Victotia, Prune, Damson, &c. Several hundreds, well
established, in bearinjr, and will move well, 4^. per tree
T. B. CHAPMAN, Twickenham Road, Isleworth, Middlesex.
Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs.
THE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY
COMPANY (Limited), Edinburah, have an immense
Stock of the leading kinds of Seedling and Transplanted
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS, &c.— all in healthy condi-
tion and prices moderate. Special oflers on application.
SEAKALE.— A large Stock of fine strong
Roots, for Forcine: and Planting.
Also Bood a-yr. old OIANT ASPARAGUS.
FRUIT TREES. — Fine healthy stock of horizontal and
dwarf-trained Apples and Pears, and dwarf-trained Apricots,
Cherries, Plums, Peaches and Nectarines.
Price on application.
D. S. THOMSON, The Nurseries, Wimbledon.
Carriage Paid.
CAULIFLOWER, &c., PLANTS: —
Autumn sown sturdy good plants. Early London,
Asiatic, Cyprus, Erfurt, and Walcheren CAULIFLOWER;
Bath White, Green, Blood-red, and Brown Cos. Winter
Passion and Swede's Head CABBAGE LETTUCE : Broad-
leaved Batavi.an and Green Curled ENDIVE ; Giant
Rocca and Flat Tripoli ONION PLANTS ; Early Rainham,
Saint John's Day, Daniel's Defiance, and many other choicest
varieties of CABBAGE PLANTS ; Abergeldie and Melville's
Variegated KALE; Aigburth BRUSSELS SPROUTS, .-ind
Purple Sprouting BROCCOLI, ts. bd. per ico. Good large
plants only sent. Also the following varieties of Herbs, viz : —
Pot MARJORAM, Winter SAVORY, LEMON and Winter
THYME, HYSSOP, BALM, LAVENDER, WITLOEF,
BELLVILLE SORREL, TANSY. FENNEL. Broad-leaved
SAGE, HOREHOUND, WORMWOOD, and FEVERFEW,
\s. $d. per dozen, 8j. per ico.
Post-office Order (with order) payable Godalming, to
EDWARD LEIGH, Dunsfold, Godalming.
CRANSTON'S Descriptive CATALOGUES
of Fruit and FOREST TREES, SHRUBS, &c, are
now ready, and may be had free on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED COMPANY
(Limited), King's Acre, Hereford.
ELWAY AND SON'S CATALOGUE
of GLADIOLI, describing all the varieties worth grow-
ing, and at prices as low as those of any other house, will be
forwarded on application,
Langport, Somerset.
Hyacintlis, Tulips, Narcissus. Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., BULB
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
Lily Of the Valley.
EKRUIJFF, Sassenheim, near Haarlem,
• Holland, has to offer, to the Trade only, strong selected
Buds of CONVALLARIA MAJALIS for Forcing, at 2j, 6<i.
per 100, a2J. per 1000. Terms cash. Samples free on
application.
EADING HERO.— A few Tons of this
famous POTATO for Sale. Price .£3 per ton, or gs.
per cwt., on rail, bags included. Cash with order.
J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, West Brighton, Sussex.
R U I T T R E E~S (74 acres). —
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. CHERRIES, PEACHES,
NECTARINES, APRICOTS, &c , as Standards, Dwarfs,
Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety.
VINES, excellent canes, 31. 6d. to loj. 6d. ORCHARD
HOUSE TREES in pots, fiom 51. FIGS, from 31. 6d.
Descriptive LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of
Trees, with directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure,
Pruning, Lifting, Cropping. Treatment under Glass; also infor-
mation as to Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form. Skin. Colour, Flesh,
Flavour, Use. Growth, Duration, Season, Pi ice, &c., free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.
To the Trade.
HOME GROWN VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special offers of all the varieiies of VEGETABLE
and AGRICULTUAL SEEDS they have grown this season
from choice selected stocks. The quality of the seeds is ex-
cellent, and the prices are very low.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
Ij^RUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES
In all the Best Cropping Varieiies.
APPLES, PEARS and CHERRIES, Dwatf-trained. good
trees, i=^^. and iBs. per dozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 40J. and 50s. per ico; good fruiting trees,
755, and loot, per loo ; Maidens, soj, per 100.
APPLES. Pyramid, 40s., sos., and 75J. per 100.
CHERRIES, Dwarf-trained Morello and May Duke, 155. and
185. per doren.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8^., los. and
I2J. per 100,
RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, 6s. per 100.
ROSES. Dwarf H.P.'s. our selection, 305. per 100.
CONIFERS, bushy, for pots, wtndov/ boxes, &c , g to 15 in.,
25J. per 101.
POPLARS, Lorabardy and Ontario, from 5 to 10 feet, 8^. to
35J. per TOO ; 12 to 16 feet, extra fine, lor screens, grown
in single lines, 151. per dozen, loas. per ico.
SHRUBS, Deciduous, 125. and 15s. per ico, good plants.
HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, 15J. per 100,
THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts. Standards and Pyra-
mids. 501, and 755. per 103.
SPIR.^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, 10s., 15s, and 2or.
per 103.
AUCUBAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots, S:c., 9 to 12 in., j6s.
per ICO ; 12 to 15 inches, sor. per 100.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altnncham.
L ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
bulbs, 45., 6s., gs., I2S., iSj., and 24,^. per dozen ; extra
strong, 30J. and 42s. per dozen. All other good LILIES at
equally low prices.
Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
STRAWnERKIES.— Capital planting roots,
4s. per 100 (free by p.ticcls p'>st, 4s. 61Y.) ; plants in pots
for forcing, i6i. per ico Descriptive I-IST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Order at Once.
THE BEST LUNG-PUDUED WINTER
BEAN for Exhibition or Table.
LAXTON'S JOHN HARRISON, which has long, well-filled
pods, is hardy, and very prolific. First-ctass Certificate
from ilie Royal Horticultural Society. Price 2s. 61/.
per sealed pint,
THOMAS LAXTON, Sttd Grower, Bedford, and all
Seedsmen.
Orchids a Speciality.
The stock at the Cl.ipton Nursery is of such
magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not easy
to fonii an adequate conception of its unprece-
dented extent.
HUGH LOW & CO.
very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspec-
tion by all lovers of this interesting and beauti-
ful class of plants, whether purchasers or not.
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
TO THE TRADE.
I have pleasure in stating that my Trade ofl'er of SINGLE
DAHLIA and other CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS is in course
of preparation, and will be posted in the course of a few days
to all my Trade Customer?. It may also be had by any of the
Trade nut a'ready upon my Repister.
THOMAS S. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
EARLY PEAS for MARKETING.
SUTTON & SONS
CAN SUPPLY
SUTTONS' IMPROVED EARLY
CHAMPION,
SUTTONS' RINGLEADER,
EARLY SUNRISE,
INVICTA,
FIRST AND BEST,
DANIEL O'ROURKE.
For Presetti Simiing. For Eariiest Crops,
Lowest price per bushel and quarter on application.
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
READING.
c
THE RUIN OF NURSERYMEN
May be understood when ciraiinstances had to
such Prices as the following : —
STANDARD RHODODENDRONS worth 5, 4, 3, and 2
guineas, are being sold at 21^., rs^ , los. 6d. and 5^.
BUSH RHODODENDKONS, 7, 6, 5. 4, sand 2 guineas, sold
at iroin 75. 6d. to is.
ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA, and other kinds, 2S. 6d.
to IS.
SPIR/EA PALMATA, fine f^Tcing clumps.
SPIR/EA JAPONICA, fine forcing clumps.
The largest stock in Europe.
HODGIN'S and other HOLLIES, perfect specimens. 7, 6, 3,
4. 3 and 2 feet, from 15J., loj. 6d., to ij,
AVENUE TREES, perfect specimens, 12 to 15 feet, at 51.,
3s. 6d. and zs. fai.
COLLECTION of SHRUBS andlREESforgeneral planting,
255. to 75s. per 100.
Exlra large FRUITING TREES of APPLES, PEARS,
CHERRIES. &c., frcm 3S. 61/. to II.
Other Trees, Shrubs, ^S;c. , not enumerated in this Advertisement,
will be supplied on thefame liberal terms,
CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.
TO THE TRADE.
Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES and ROSES,
of fine quality, grown on fresh land at Bush Hill.
APRICOTS, 36J. per dozen.
CHERRIES, in variety, except May Duke and
Morello, 21s. and 24^. per dozen. [100.
PEACHES and NECTARINES, ^12 lo.r. per
PEACHES, Dwarf Maiden, ^3 15:;. per 100.
PLUMS, £7 loj-., £8 151., and ,£io per loo.
PLUMS, Dwarf Maiden, £2 los. per 100.
ROSES, Standard and Half-standard, ,£3 lo.f.
to ^4 per 100.
HUGH LOW & CO.,
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
P
Cape Bulbs.
E B U L
B
Orders for small Sample. Post Collections, or larger Shipments
now received. Delivered January and February, 1884.
ED. HUTT, Sales Department, Botanic Gardens,
Capetown.
pREEPERS7or WALLS, TRELLISES, &c!i
V^ in great variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants, bcinc in pnts, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester,
Sharpe'B Seeds.
CHARLES SHARPE AND C O.,
Seed Gkowhks and Shhd Mkrchants, Sleaford, wilt
be glad to forward. Post-free on application. Special Whole-
sale quotations of their own selected stucks of Garden and Agri-
cultural Seeds. Sleaford. — Ociober, 1883.
WARE ROSES, splendidly rooted, the
best sorts, ds. per dozen, Irom ground ; fifty for 21s.
TICA ROSES, in pots, 15^. per dozen, fifty for 501.
FINE CLIMBING PLANTS. Hardy, for Walls, Trellises,
Arbours, Rockeries. &c.. in twelve varieties, 6*. and 91.
FINE HARDV HEATHS and other Dwarf American Plants,
in variety. 4S- ^nd 6s per dozen.
PRETTY DWARF SHRUliS of various kinds, for Pots,
Boxes, Winter Bedding, &c., in variety, 4s. or 6s. per doz.
PRETTY TABLE PLANTS, in variety, for immediate use,
e^-., 95 , and i2i per dozen.
BEAU UFUL FERNS, twelve sorts, 4s. 6d., 6j., or gs.
F"or all classes of Plants, Bulbs, Seeds, Fruit and otlier Trees,
Shrubs, or Garden Sundries, see our Cataloeues.
Many acres of ground and many thousand feet of glass are
stocked with the best of everything in the respective classes.
Visitors invited.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
OLLY for HEDGES.— 12 to 15 inches, 25^. ;
15 to 18 inches, 35J. ; 18 to 24 inches, 50J, per too.
Forest LIST, containing heights and prices of well-grown trans
planted Quick, Ash, Larch, Spruce, Pines, Oaks, Cover
Plants, &c.. free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
Mitchell's Gooseberry.
WM. MITCHELL now offers to the Trade
Cuttings of this extraordinary variety of Gooseberry,
which is the largest and greatest cropper known. To all
Growers, Salesmen, and Buyers attending Covent Garden
Market this fine variety is too well known to need description.
Cuttings, £$ per 1000.
WM. BROADLANDS, Enfield Highway, N.
CATALOGUE of FERNS, illustrated and
descriptive, with Cultural Notes. Three stamps.
CATALOGUE of ALPINE PLANTS, illustrated and de-
scriptive. Free on application.
LIST of HARDY ORCHIDS, with full cultural instruc-
tions. Free on application.
The following expression of opinion is from one of the highest
authorities in the land on the subject of Ferns ;— " • " • I have
gone very carefully through your list, and, without compliment-
ing you, it is by far the best nurseryman's list of British Ferns
out."
¥. W. AND H. STANSFIELD, Nurserymen, Sale, near
Manchester.
Kent, The Garden of England.
300 coo FRUIT TREES in 600 varieties.
GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.
beg to intimate that their stock was never finer, and
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them-
selves. The New Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps. Reference LIST free.
The Kent Roses do Live.
Extra well-rooted stuff, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone.— Established 1796.
ERBACE0US,Xlp11?E, and rock
PLANTS.
Collections of iQo choice varieties . . ,ic5.
„ 50 ,. „ ■• sis.id.
M 25 ,» It •• '05. 6a.
Packing free and extra plants sent to compensate for carriage.
R. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston
Birmingham.
Outdoor Flowers in Spring.
DAISIES, Red, White, Rose, &c. ; POLY-
ANTHUS. Single PRIMSOSES in variety of colours,
WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS. <)d. per
dozen, ^s. and 5J. per 100. PANSIES and VIOLAS
(colours separate), ARABIS, ALYSbUM, SILENE
COMPACTA, AUBRIETIAS, MYuSOTIS. is. 6rf. per
dozen, is. per 100 Or 500 assorted Spring- floweling Plants
for 17J. 6rf. : icoo for 31s. 6d.
TULI PS, various colours. 5s. per ico. CROCUS. 11. 6d. and
IS. per 100 SNOWDROPS, 2s. 6d. per 100. Border
HYACINTHS. i8<. per 100. NARCISSUS, of sorts, 51.
and IS 6d. per 100. Or 500 assorted Spring-flowering Bulbs
for I2S. ; ICOO for 21s.
HEPATICAS, Blue and Red, Douhle PRIMROSES, White,
Lilac, or Sulphur, 3s. 6d. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN .«nd SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
ROSES (20 acres).— Well-rooted, many
shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and
of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, Ss. per
dozen, 60s. per 100 : packing and carriage free for cash with
order. Standards, 15s. per dozen, or 100 free for i2or. These
world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction.
Descriptive LIST free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester. ^
A Gay Conservatory.
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, 2s. 6d., 4.?., and
6s. per dozen, according to size.
HERBACEOUS CALCEOLARIAS, is. 6d. per dozen, from
SOLANUMS, full of berries, CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS,
TREE CARNATIONS, DEUT2IA GRACILIS, in pots
for early blooming, 6^., gi., 12J-, and i8j. per dozen. Three
at same rates. _ ...,„„
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, SPIR/EAS, LILIES.
&c— see Catalogue.
AZALEAS. Ghent, mollis, Pontica, or indica, all wuh buds, for
Forcing, 185., 245., and 30J. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
648
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 18S3.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
20,000 PALMS,
including Kentias, Arecas, Seafortliias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Coryplias, Plioenix. CocosWeddelliana, Caryotas,
&c. ; FERNS, in 485 and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, lor
flowering this season ; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, JASMINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS;
Tuberous and Foliage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many otiier useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION^
E. G.. HENDERSON & SON
Invite Visitors to view the above
in their Winter Garden,
PINE-APPLE NURSERY,
MAIDA VALE, LONDON, N.W.
The following are offered at exceptional
low cash prices. Less than quantities quoted
may be had : —
OBOHIDS. s. d.
12 choice free floweriag sorts for 21 o
12 ,, , , extra size . . . . . . 30 o
12 ,, ,, very choice selected .. 42 o
100 in 50 sorts for .. .. .. 200 o
ICO in ICO sorts lor . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 o
Special Cheap Price LIST of NEW PLANTS on application.
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
Including the most useful and beautiful foliaged and floweriag
plants and climbers, carefully selected.
12 fioe young healthy plants, discincl, ds. to 12^.
100 in 100 varieties, forming an unequalled collection, 42^. ;
same rate for 50 plants.
12 Ferns, very choice and pretty, etcher cold house, stove, or
hardy varieties, ts. and gr.
I03 Ferns in beautiful varieties, 425.
GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS, charming virie-
lies, beautifully scented, selected from our ^rand collection,
containing many thousands of vigorous and well-grown plants,
12 distinct varieties, i8f., 30^., and 42^.
AZALEAS, the bsst m cultivation, 12 distinct, full of fljwer-
buds, i8.r., 24f., and 30^.
CAMELLIAS, guaranteed English growth; these will not
drop their buds ; 12 strong healthy plants Irom our well-known
collection, 215. and 42.;.
12 Tree Carnations, strong in pots, winter bloom, 215. and 30;.
per dozen.
E,iacris and Ericas, i2j. and 18.S. per dozsn.
Beauti'ul hardy herbaceous flowermg plants for the fljwer-
garden, selected from nearly 4000 varieties and species that will
flower throughout the year.
12 choice and most desirable kinds, 4^. and 6^.
100 ,1 ,, ,) in ^o varieties, 2 1 J.
100 ,, ,, ,, in 100 varieties, 30^. and 42^.
These are far superior to bedding plants, producing plenty
of sweet-scented fljwers in all shades of colour and forms with-
out the expense of fuel and labour.
GAPE BULBS.
CAPE BULBS.
The undersigned is now in a position to offer all the leading
kinds of Cape Bulb^, in large or small quantities, for export,
from December to March.
DISA GRANDIFLORA, and other TERRESTRIAL
ORCHIDS.
The Trade supplied. Price LIST on application.
KOBERT TEMPI^EMAN,
Seedsman and Florist, 12, Castle Street, Capetown.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
2i\(i. Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °'' MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the ynost
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Founded in 1784.
ADDRESS ;—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
THE NURSERIES, DUMFRIES.
(Established 1767.)
Our Stock, which is one of the largest in Scotland, com-
prises FOREST, FRUIT, and ORNAMENTAL TREES,
DECIDUOUS and F.VERGREEN SHRUBS, ROSES,
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c. ; also a splendid Stock of
THORN QUICKS, for Hedging and for Filling up Gaps.
The Trees and Shrubs are of all ages and sizes, and are well
adapted for extensive Planting or giving immediate effect in
the formation and improving of Ornamental Parks, Pleasure
Grounds, &c. Prices on application.
THOMAS KENNEDY and CO., Seed and Nursery
Establishment, Dumfries.
Special Culture of
FRUIT TREES and ROSES.— A large and
select stock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOGUE of Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The Desc iptive CATALOGUE of Roses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge-
worth, Herts.
Tea Roses— Tea Rosea.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses m pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
To the Trade.
NEW EARLY RHUBARB. KERSHAW'S PARAGON.
WILLIAM KERSHAW has pleasure in
again offering this splendid new variety, in extra strong
loots, such as gave general satisfaction to the m^ny leading
London and Provincial Houses, who obtained supplies from him
la,^t autumn. Price, 9^ per dozen, 651. per loo.
Airedale Nursery, Bingley. Yorkshire.
LEMATIS COCCINEA— A new, distinct,
and very beautiful Climber, with small, bright orange-
scarlet flowers, perfectly hardy, and one of the best
climbing plants in cultivation.
L ILIUM TENUIFOLIUM. — A brilliant
scarlet Turk's-Cap variety. Very early ; blooming out
in the open ground in June, or will stand forcing well.
Very suitable as Cut Blooms for Buttonholes or Bouquets.
It is perfectly hardy.
For prices of above and all varieties of DUTCH, ENGLISH,
and JAPANESE BULBS, see our Wholesale Bulb CATA-
LOGUE, free on application.
WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
(Dlb(£stai)lislul).
ORNAMENTAL TREES,
ffciilt XLvees,
Evergreens & Cover Plants,
IRoses,
And all OTHER Trees & Plants
SPLENDID QUALITY.
Pronounced by ci'tryone "Untqitailcd."
Nurseries 200 Acres.
Wrilt for Catalogues.
gldbiblealtoaijg. Address in full—
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
— ^§^ Cbcster. ^^^—
CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA,
3, 4 and 5 feet high.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIKIDIS, 2, 3, 4 to 6 feet high
RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA, 2. 3, 4, 5, 6 to to feet high.
RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA AUREA, 2, 3 4 to 5 feet high.
RETINOSPORA LEPTOCLADA, 2 to 2"4 to 4 feet high.
RETINOSPORA OBTUSA NANA, a neat dark green
variety and very pretty, from i J^ foot.
RHODODENDRON PONTICUM. 2 to s feet, bushes.
RHODODONDRON, named kinds, in great variety.
TEA ROSES, in pots, several sizes to offer.
For Prices and other Stock, see CATALOGUES, post-free
on application to
F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer,
Famborough Station, Surrey.
A SPARAGUS for Forcing. — Strong crowns,
-i^^ which will produce a quantity of capital heads, 2r. pet
doien, t2j, 6(/. per too,
SEAKALE, famous forcing roots, 2j. kd, per dozen, i6j. per 100.
RICHARD SMITH and CO , Worcester.
HE COTSWOLD ROSES.— Magnificent
Standard and Half-standard Roses, with straight clean
stems, and good heads, \%s, and iSy. per per dozen, 120^. and
130J. per 100.
JNO. JEFFERIES AND SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.
Beautiful Flowers for Gardens.
POTENTILLAS, PYRETHRUMS, DEL-
PHINIUMS, lovely hardy flowers for Cutting or Garden
Bloom. Named, 5^. per dozen.
SPLENDID PHLOXES, Pentstemons, Pinks, Pansies, in the
finest varieties, -^s. 6d. per dozen.
HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, the most showy sorts
(too numerous to mention here— see Catalogues for List),
3^. i>er dozen, 21J. per loj.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, good exhibition sorts, 6j.
per dozen plants. Fine Clove and Border Self varieties,
4'. per dozen — all from layers.
LILIES, candidum. Orange, and Tiger Lilies, 31. per dozen.
Many other sorts in Catalogue.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nurserj*, Alirincham.
s
P E C I A L
OFFER.
AZALEA MOLLIS, seedlings, nice plants, two to six buds
each, 9^, per dozen ; ditto, from three best varieties, each
kept distinct, 6 to 10 inches high, bushy, 305. per 100, £1^
per I030.
AZALEA PONTICA, nice bushy plants, well budded, 6s. to
gr. per dozen.
ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA. 50^. to 705. per loj; extra
large, many well budded, 12^. to i&s. per dozen.
DAPHNE MEZEREUM, white and red, well budded, 41.,
6s., to 9^. per dozen.
SKIM MIA JAPONICA. fine bushy plant 5, 6s. to gj. per doz.
GREEN AUCUBA (berry-bearing), 1%. foot high, bu^hy i2j.
per dozen.
DIPLOPAPPUS (golden-leaved shrub}, 2 to 2% feet high,
bushy, 6s. per dozen,
FLOWERING THORNS, of sorts, 3 feet stems, fine heads,
icj. per dozen.
LIMES, straight and stout, 7 to 8 ft., -js, per doz., 50J. per 100,
GOLDEN POPLAR. 5 to S feet high, i^. to 2s. each.
CLIMBING ROSES, of sorts, fine plants, $s. per dozen.
ERICA HERBACEA ALBA (a mass of while flowers in early
spring). 51. per dozen.
Also RHODODENDRONS and AZALEAS, choice named
sorts, mostly well budded, and Sweet-scented and other
Novelties. Descriptive Price LIST on application.
ISAAC DAVIES and SON, Nurserymen, Ormskirk,
Lancashire.
NEW RASPBERRY,
"BAUMFORTH'S SEEDLING."
Testimonial Jrom Mr. Thomas Laxton, Bedford: —
" ' Baumforth's Seedling' Raspberry has agam proved the best
of all Red Raspberries tried at Girtford (14 varieties)."
Prices — Planting Canes, 25,1. per 100, 4^. per dozen ; Fruiting
Canes, 35J. per 100, 6s. per dozen.
Early orders respectfully solicited.
EDMUND PHILIP DlXON, The Yorkshire Seed Esta-
blishment. HulL
PAUL & SON'S CHESHUNT ROSES.
PAUL & SON, THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT,
RESPECTFULLY INVITE EARLY ORDERS FOR
STANDARD, HALF-STANDARD, AND DWARF ROSES,
SELECTED FROM THE
Finest Stock ever held by any English Rose-grower.
The Cheshunt Roses have, during the past season, obtained more First Prizes than any other
House — showing the Firm maintains the reputation they have enjoyed for so many years.
An Inspection of the Stock and Personal Selection of the Plants is invited. Descriptive
CATALOGUES Post-free on application.
Prices of Selected Plants for Autumn, 1883:—
STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS
„ „ New and Scarce Sorts, including Teas
DWARF STANDARDS
DWARFS, on Manetti 1 older sorts
„ on Brier J „
„ „ newer sorts
„ Teas, all on Brier
\s. to 24^. per dozen ; ^8 os. per loo
yjs.
5)
/lo
OS.
\Ss.
J)
L(>
OS.
^s. to \'1S.
)I
£3
I OS.
\2S.
))
£4
OS.
I 5 J. to IQS.
)»
...
\^s. to I Si-.
»
£b
OS.
Please Address, without Christian Name or Initial —
PAUL «fc SON, The Old Nurseries, CHESHUNT, HERTS.
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
649
To the Trade.
HUGH LOW AND CO.
offer : — [per ito.
ACACIA ARMATA, well l.iidded, rxtra fin<?. 751. and looj.
ADIANTUM GUN EATUM, 75J, looj., and 1501 per too.
AZALEA INDICA, in variety, finely budded, /s, i.-; and
Cj \os per 100.
ROUVAKDI AS. in variely bushy plants, in bud, d per 100.
CAMELLIAS, well budded, 175J. and 2roi. per mo.
COkVPHA AUSTRALLS, fine pl.ints, C% to /? lot. per 100.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS, fine for potting for forcing, 2SJ. ar.tl
ERICA CAFKRA, in flower, fot. per too. [3or. per ico.
ERICA GRACILIS, in flower, 601. per too.
ERICA GRACILIS, extta strong, 15J. and i8j. per dozen.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, extra fine, 150J, and jooj per
GENLSTAS, 661. 8<f. .-ind icos. per too. (100.
LATANIA HORBONICA, well shaped sturdy plants, 1501.
SOLANUMS, berried, 50J. ai d 751. per ico [per too
PRIMULA, Double White Chinese, in llower, i2r. and i8j. per
do2en. Clapton Nursery. London, E,
The moBt Useful New Apple.
SCHOOLMASTER.
First-c'as^ Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society.
Large, handsome, and an excellent cooker. Tree hardy ;
bears every year, and in unfavnurabie localities. Often fruiting
ihe same year as gpafted. Maidens, 31. td. ; strong 2 and i-yr,
eld, 5J. each- Liberal Trade ieim«.
THOMAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.
SEAKALE and PARSLEY SEED, the
growth of 1883 : strong Scakale for Forcing ; extta jitrong,
j.yr. old. MAN EtTI STOCK, for Sale, Apply to
Mr. WILLIAM BISHOP, Hemsby, Gteal Yarmouth.
MANETTI STOCKS, clean, hard, and well-
tooted, fine for (;raf[in?, 305, per icoo, jC6 per soto.
RASPBERRIKS, stronR, well rooted canes, of a l:.rge free
IcariiiR market variety, bs. per 100 ; s^J- per i<^oo. All pacltnEC
free for Cash with order — KIRK ALLEN, The Nursery, Fen
Drayton, near St. Ive^, Hunts.
T ARCH.-
-Fine, heallhy, twice transplanted
Plants, from native seed : —
B
18 to .>.( inches at 15s. per too?.
■3 to 3 feel at sot rer looo,
MORRISON BROTHERS, Aberdeen.
EN SIMONITE'S
CATALOGUE of AURICULAS now ready.
Rough Bank. Sheffield.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen, Worcester.
NEW POTATOS ALL THE YEAR ROUND,
NEW POTATOS FOR CHRISTMAS
May be had wiihotd diffic7ilty by planting now,
in pots or frames,
^ ., THE
v^€Tot1 EARLIEST of all POTATOS,
" SHARPE'S VICTOR."
Sharpe's Victor is a seedUne raised from the Alma Kidney and
tha old early short-top round Potato. It is earlier than any present
va-iety, and haviDg a very short top is especially suitable for
frame cu'tivation, and there is no difficulty in seCUrlUg neW
Potatos for the Table every day In the year. Victor
a flattened roundish oval in shape, with a beautiful clear skin
and extremely shallow eyes, being one of the handsomest as
we'l as the heaviest croppers of any variety adapted for frame-
work, or for a first early crop outdoors. It is dry and mealy
when cooked, and the flavour and quality of the flesh are superior
to nearly every other variety at present in use.
Messrs. J. & J. Elletson ivriie as follows, Sept. 26,
1883:— "Mr. Usher, Gardener to C. H. Johnson, Esq.,
Thorgumbald Hall, planted Victor Potatos on January 26, and
placed a dish on his employei's table on March 8, from planting
to lifting beirg only SIX. WEEKS."
Price, Is. per Pound.
CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
STERLING NOVELTIES.
NEW PEA.- ' SANDER'S GREEN."
A valuable acquisition. The most distinct Novelty in
Peas ever introduced. As early as William I., much more
prolific, of finer flavour and colour. The seed, as well as pod,
is deep green. Height, 3^ feet. First early.
Retail Price, 23. 6d. per Half-pint.
NEW PEA.-" SANDER'S MARROW."
The finest Main Crop Wrinkled Marrow ever introduced.
Haulm densely covered with extra fine, handsome, well filled
pods. It comes in with Dr. McLean, is nearly double the
size, and of a most delicious flavour. Height, 5 feet.
Retail Price, 5s. per Quart, 3s. per Pint.
SANDER & CO., SEED GROWERS, ST ALBANS.
H
T
I?INAL CLEARANCE of HERBACEOUS
.nnd ALPINE PLANTS. - Smuc rare specimens and
v.iiieties. Prices ti> the Trade and others.
W. SIMS. Grove Nursery, TootinK, S.W.
A Double Flrst-clasa Certificate has only been
awarded to one Rose in existence — that one Rose, an
UNOLISH SEEDLING, raised at Bacshot, H P.
DUCHESS o( CONNAUGHT (Noble) Fine heallhy
plants, i'l. 6rf. each.
CHARLES NOBLE,
aigshot.
A large and important section of the Nursery (about 7 acres) is
being cleared on expiration of lease, RhododendTon prowers
should visit this Nursery, which is only ten minutes' walk from
Sunningdale Staliun, Soulh-Westcrn Railway.
FECIAL TRADE OFFER.— 200,000 DwaTf
ROSES, on Manetti, fine, our own ••ettciion, 25^. per
ICO, ^12 per looo. a'^o.coo MANETTI STOCKS, fine, 30J.
per 1000. ^13 per looco. j 0,0 00 000 ASPARAGUS, a-yr.
Connover's, 17^ dd. per loco ; 3-yr. Connover's, 20J. per looo ;
2-yr Giant, 151. per 1000 ; 3-yr. Giant, 17J. (id. per 1000, for
fash with all Orders, otherwise wid not be attended lo.
R. LOCKE, Royal Nurseries and Rose Farms, Redhill, Surrey.
ARUY ORCHIDS.— Twelve choice kinds,
including six exntic. with full cultural instructions, %s.
STANSFIELDS. Sale.
To the Trade.
SEED POTATOS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special offers of their fine selected stocks of SEED
POTATOS, grown under their own superintendence expres'Iy
for setd purposes. Their LISTincludes all the varieties worthy
of cultivation, and the prices will be bound very reasonable.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
LILIES and ORCHIDS.— These are wTlliam
Gordon's Specialities. Orders of \os. and upwards (where
they can be sent in not more than one parcel), sent per Parcels
Post, free. CATALOGUE of fine Collection of LILIES free
on application. Imported AURATUM are very fine, at old
prices— 6t/., c)d.^ u. and is. 6d. each. Specially imported,
selected, superb bulbs, 30J. and 36J. per dozen. Special Prices
lo the Trade.
WM. GORDON, 10. Cullum Street, London, E.G.
UT LILY of the VALLEY. — The
Advertisers are now booking orders for a regular supply
of cut Lilly of the Valley, commencing December 15 up to
April. Orders should be sent in early to insure really fine
blooms for Christmas. Price, &c.. on application to
TURNER BROS, Florists, Green Hill Nursery, AUerton,
Liverpool.
A SPARAGUS.— E.\tra fine stuff, 2, 3, and
-^^i- 4-yi*- Samrles and price or ai plication,
THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
London.
R E^E M I G N O N E T T^.
--- 40 Strong PYRAMIDS, 18 to 30 inches high, in 7 and
8 inch pols: also 50 DWARF, in 48 pots, coming into flower.
For price apply to
W. ARMSTRONG, Manager, The Vineries, Countesthorpe,
near Rugby.
PECIMEN PALMS.— One CYCAS REVO-
LUTA, in to-iLch pot : one LATANIA BORBONICA,
in lo-inch pot; one CHAMyEROPS FORTUNE!, in 8-inch
pot, all well grown. — To be sold cheap. Apply to W. ARM -
STRONG. Manager, The Vineries, Countesthorpe, near Rugby.
QPECIAL OFFER.— ASH, 2 to 3 feet, \6s.
^O per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 2 or. per icoo ; Spanish CHEST-
NUTS. 2 to 3 feet, 20J. per loco ; ELMS, 2 to 3 feet, i8j. per
1000; LARCH, 154 to 2 feet. isJ per icoo ; 2 to 3 feet, 20J. per
1000 ; 3 to s feet. 241. per 1000 ; SPRUCE FIR, i to 1% foot,
loi. per 1000; 1?^ to 2% feet, i-zs. 6d. per icoo ; SCOTCH
FIR, 1^4 to 2 feet, i2.r. per 1000 ; 2 to 3 feet, 145. per 1000; 3
lo 4 feet, 161. per icoo. SILVEK FIR, 4-yr. transplanted. 20s.
per icoD : HAZELS, 7li to 3K ^eef| a^j per 10°° ; LARICIO,
10 to 15 inches, 20s. per 1000 ; PRIVETS, 2 to z^ feet. 13J. per
lOTo ; Oval do., 2 to i% feet. 40.J. per loco ; BEECH,
i'/2 to3j4 feet, 17J. per 1000 ; THORNS, 1% to 2 leet, t2S. per
1000 ; 2 to 3 feet. 14.*. per itoo.
GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseries, Stranraer.
Deut2ia gracilis.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
OMMON LAURELS, 20,000 to offer, i to
1 J4 foot, 70.J per ICOO ; iJ4 to 2 feet, looj. per 1000 ; 3 to
2J4 feet. 1301 per 1000. The whole are four years old, very
bushy, and well rooted.
SPRUCE FIRS, 3 to 4 feet, 20s. per 100 ; 4 to 6 feet, 40*.
per ICO ; 6 to 8 feet, 60s per 100. e.vtra tiansplanted, and bushy.
COMMON LAURELS strong i-yr . 30J per 1000 for c^sh.
Alargequantiiy of fine AVENUE and FOREST Ti^EKS
in stock.
CATALOGUES of gereral Nursery Stock post-free.
R. TUCKER, Nurseryman, Farngdon, Berks.
BIES DOUGLASII GLAUCA.— An un-
doubted acquisition, havir.g a great variety in habit and
shsde of colour. More hardy than the common Dougiasii,
having withstood the severe winter of i8?o unscatched. Fine
healthy well-rooted plants. 12 to 18 inches, 12s. per dozen; 18
to 24 inches, 18s. per dozen ; 2 lo 3 feet. 24J. per dozen.
PICEA CONCOLOR, the most ornamental
of the species, superior in habit and colour to Usiocarpa ;
12 lo 18 inches, 245. per dozen.
Piice LIST of Conifers on application.
MORRISON BROTHERS. Aberdeen.
lo the Trade.
PALMS and FERNS
from Stores.
PALMS— Latania borbonica (Livistona sinensis) and Corypha
auslralis. 65. per 100, 55.1 per icoo.
FERNS — Blechnum corcovadense. Phlebodium aureum, Adi-
antum pubescens, and Pteris cretica albo-lintata, 8s per 100 ;
Cheilanthes eleeans, and Gold Gymnogrammas. 12s p. 100.
Fernb in about 8 or 10 varieties, from stores, ys. per loo.
These are alt good s'rong stuff.
Trade LIST fiee on application.
W. M. CROWL, Bolejn Nursery, Upton. Essex.
650
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 1883.
NEW LILIUM HARRISII (True).
We were the introducers of this distinct and
floriferous variety of L. eximium last year.
Extract from Gardeners' Chronicle: — " Liliutn Harrisii. —
We have received a two flowered stem of tliis Lily from Messrs.
Watkins & Simpson, who introduced it into the London market,
and which is the second flower-stem produced this season in
the manner described by Mr. Clausen, at p. 53. by a second-
sized bulb in the possession of Mr. Walker, ol Whitton, near
Hounslow. The flowers are very fine, and evidence seems to
be accumulating that it is distmct from L. lonpifiorum, or at
least a well-marked variety of that species. It does not appear
to do well out-of-doors, preferring the shelter of a cool green-
house ; and it stands forcing well.
" We undersiajid that one of the tnost extensive growers of
plants for market lias given a large order for bulbs Jar forcing
next spring. "
Price of Bulbs of the above and many other Lilies
on application to
•WATKINS & SIMPSON,
Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from \%s. to 36J. per dozen.
These 'World-famed BOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
wo R C E ST E R.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25^. per 100, or 4J.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
"WORCESTER.
FRUIT TREES,
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS,
FOREST TREES,
Roses, Rhododendrons, Climbers, &c.
Large and Healthy Stock, in Prime
Condition for Removal.
Catalogues free by Post, on application to
J. CHEAL & SONS,
Lowfield Nurseries,
CRAWLEY, SUSSEX.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAGINELLAS,
SuiUble for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
LILIUM HARRISII
(the Bermuda Easter Xily),
one of the most valuable introductions of late years, a long
tnimpet-Rowered while Lily, beautifully reflexed, bearing
frequently from 6 to lo, and has been photographed with over
30 flowers on one spike. Forces in pots with great facility, and
IS so full of vitality that several and continued growths frequently
spring from one bulb. It is quite distinct from L. longiflorum.
Bulbs, 26. each,
Delivered free.
18s. par dozen, 120b: per 100.
Special terms to Trade growers in quantity.
HOOPER & CO., COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C.
GENUINE SEEDS.
James Veitch & Sons,
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, S.W.
I M P AT I E N S
SULTAN I.
First-class Certificate, Royal Hor-
ticultural Society, 1883,
AND A
First-class Certificate by the Royal
Botanic Society, 1883.
PRIMULA OBCONICA.
A new and beautiful Primula, flowering freely and continu-
ously from spring till autumn.
Per packet, 23. 6d.
PRIMULA, VEITCH'S SUPERB STRAINS
These are the finest in cultivation.
Veitch's finest Fringed, Red, White and Mixed,
Each per packet, 23. 6d.
GLOXINIA, VEITCH'S SUPERB STRAIN.
Saved from a very superior, large-flowered and spotted strain.
Per packet, 2s. 6d.
This most distinct and beautiful profuse
flowering plant is of compact neat habit of
growth, .ind almost a perpetual bloomer ; the
plants are perfectly covered with bnlhant
rosy-scarlet flowers, and continue in full beauty
during several successive months— decorative
alike for the Stove, Conservatory and Green-
house, or for summer bedding.
Per packet, la. 63. and 2s. 6d.
CYCLAMEN PERSICUM QIGANTEUM,
CHAKMING BKIDE (Hew).
Awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horticultural
and the Royal Botanic Societies.
The largest and finest pure white variety extant.
Per packet, Bs.
M'SOSOTIS DISSITIFLORA.
Per packet, Is.
MYOSOTIS DISSITIFLORA ALBA.
A true pure white form of above, most desirable (or early spring
gardening.
Per packet, la. 6d.
BEET, PKAGNELL'S EXHIBITION (New)
A remarkably handsome and distinct variety, of rich deep
crimson colour, eminently suitable for exhibition, and one of the
best for general use.
Per packet. Is. 6d.
BROCCOLI, VEITCH'S SELF-PEOTECTING.
A most valuable Broccoli for autumn and early winter use.
Heads beautifully while, firm and compact, thoroughly pro-
tected by the foliage.
Per packet, Is.
MELON, SCARLET PREMIER.
A superb, new and distinct scarlet-fleshed Melon, producing
handsome, highly coloured and beautifully netted fruit. The
flesh is very solid, thick, rich and melting, of exquisite flavour
and delicate aroma.
Per packet, Is. 6d.
LETTUCE, EARLY PARIS MARKET.
A very early variety, largely grown in the Paris Market
Gardens. It hearts very quickly, and is fit for use before any
other sort.
Per packet, la.
NEW POTATO, WELFORB PARK
KIDNEY.
The best Seedling White Kidney Potato of 1S84.
Awaided this season Two First-class Certificates by the Highest
Authorities, viz.. by the
Royal Horticultural Society ;
and by the _ _ _
Committee of International Potato Exhibition ;
and was also
Awarded the ist Prize as the best Seedling White Kidney PoUto
of the year, in competition with 22 other new varieties.
Per pound, is. 6d,; per 4 lb , 53. 6d. ; per 7 11)., 83. 6d.
For Trade Prices of above and other Choice SEEDS see Special LIST, sent on application,
ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, S.W.
DAFF0DILS.-DAFF0DILLIES-DAFF0D0WNDILLIE3.
DESCRIPTIVE LIST FREE ON APPLICATION
Of more than 200 varieties of DAFFODILS, most of which are new, and many of them have been
figured at various times in the Garden.
Selections for Flower Borders or to Naturalise in Grass, &c., is. 6d., y. dd., ^s. dd., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d.,
155., 2is., 42J-., 63^-., 84^'. and 105.?.
Fine Mixed Varieties, for Wild Gardens, 42^. per 1000, 5.?. 6d. per 100, is. per dozen.
Choice Mixed Varieties, for Wild Gardens, 6y. per 1000, 7s. 6d. per 100, is. 6d. per dozen.
IRIS BARBATA, for Naturalisation and surrounding Lakes and Ponds.
PLANTAIN LILIES, to Naturalise in Grass and to Grow in Shady Places.
WOOD HYACINTHS, for Wild Garden and Shady Walks.
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, WINTER ACONITES, SCILLAS, MUSCARI,
DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLETS, HEPATICAS, ANEMONES, GLADIOLUS, LILIES,
CHRISTMAS ROSES, LENTEN ROSES, &c.
^" T/ie Catalogue, free on application, gives Jull particulars as to price, culture, dr'c.
BARR & SON, 12, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
651
))
HARRISONS'
NEW EARLY " ECLIPSE
PEA.
A ^randnew Early Pea, introduced hy its last season.
The haultn is of a peculiar light green colour, only 2 feet ia
height, the pods of a lively greea and well filled, and is the
heaviest cropper for an early variety we have ever seen. The
seed is blue and similar in appe:irance to the " Kentish Invicta,"
but it is hardier and even earlier than that excellent variety.
Retail Price— Per Pint, Is. 6d. ; per Quart, 2a. 6d.
Trade Price-Perdoz. Pints. 12a. ; perdoz Quarts, 21a.
TESTIMONIALS.
From Mr. John Swift, Manchester.
" October 24, 1883. — 1 consider your New Karly Eclipse Pea
to be the best early Pea I h<ive ever grown, both for earliness,
size of pods, and appearance."
From Messrs. Taber & Cullen, Rlvenhall.
" October 2S, 1883.— Th-; New Pea, ' Early Eclipse," we had
from you last season is a good early blue, and valuable for
podding, all coming in together."
From Mr. Samuel Taylor, Pershore.
'^ October 21, 1883. — I found your New Early Eclipse Pea
very early and prolific. Sown by the side of Kentish Invicta,
they were ready to pick nearly a week before that variety, and
1 picked nearly 4 pois (401b. ger pot) off the little patch of
ground, and had 8j. per p<ii for them ; when the other early ones
were ready the price had dropped to 5J. I hope you will be
able to spare the 4 bushels I spoke for in the summer."
From Mr. W. Hill, Evesham.
*' October 2Z. 1883. -Your New Early EcHpse Pea is the best
early Pea I ever had ; it is a good cropper, very early, and
gave me every satisfaction. I hope those you have seat me
will prove as good."
From Mr. I. Lake, Jun., Ilford, Essex.
" yw/y S, 1883. — I find your new 'Early Eclipse' Pea an
early and good cropping variety. When you are quoting the
price per bushel for the coming year, I should like 2 quarters of
the same stock of Pea."
The above Testimonials are only a few /ro?n the large
jiumbcr we have received.
Trade LIST Free on application.
HARRISON & SONS,
SEED GROWERS, LEICESTER.
SALE
/ILEARAN CE
\J of NURSERY STOCK.
The Proprietor is giving up business, and offeis his Stock,
consisting of Larch, Scotch and Spruce Fir, Austrian Pine, Oak,
Elm, Ash, Beech, Birch, Thorn Quicks, C-mifers of different
ages and sizes, Standard and Dwarf Roses, Fruit Trees, Green-
house Plants, S:c., at VERV reduced fricbs.
Samples and Prices on application at Clonrael Nurseries, Ireland.
VIOLET, COUNT BRAZZI'S WHITE
NEAPOLITAN.
Magnificent variety. Flowers large, double, pure white,
deliciously scented. The finct of all Double White Violets.
Splendid for bouquets. Awarded a First-class Certificate by
the Royal Horticultural Society on November 13,
Good strong plants, from pots, 155. per doz., is. ti, each ; extra
strong, 24J. per doz., is. 6d. each. Carriage free.
DANIELS BROS.,
TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH.
NEW EARLY RHUBARB,
Charles Kersh.aw's *' Paragon."
This is unquestionably the finest variety of Rhubarb ever
offered ; in mdd seasons it is leady to pull in February. The
crowns and stalks are produced in such profusion that more
than twice the weight can be pulled from this than from any
other sort. The colour is a splendid red. flivour excellent, and
it has this qualification over all oihers, it never seeds.
PRICE-per Plant. Is. 6d.; per Dozen, 16s.
Price to t/ie Trade on applic ition.
For Testimonials and all other information, see back page
of Cardenen' Chronicle for October 13. May be had of
all the principal Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, or direct from
CHARLES KERSHAW,
THE SLEAD SYKE NURSERIES,
BRIGHOUSE.
HELLEBORUS NIGER ANGUSTIFOLIUS
(BROCKHURST VARIETY).
See "Gardeners' Chronicle," Nov. 10,
page 591.
Flowering Plants and Clumps of this splen-
did variety, the finest of the Hellebores and
the true Christmas Rose, \s. 6(i., 25., and
2s. dd. each, for forcing and planting.
ANTHONY WATERER
Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—
HOLLIES. Common Green. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7> 8lO\
,, laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet hiRh. 1
,, Hodgms', 3. 4. 5 to 8 feet.
„ mynifolia. ditto. I ^ thousands,
,, Saw-leaved, ditto. I
„ Scoltica, 3 to 8 feet. |
,, Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others. /
„ Variegated, ot sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 ft.
,. Waterer's, splendid plants, 3, 4, 5 a^J ^ f^et, 8 to 15 feet
in circiimterence.
„ Golden Queen, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of
beautilul specimens.
,, Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful
heads, ten 10 fifteen years' growth, hundreds.
,, new Goldeu Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
HOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 7 feet, many
thousands.
YEWS. Common, 3. 4. 5. 6, to 10 feet, thousand.';.
,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 8 feet,
thousands.
,, Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, to
10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZ.'\LEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and
5 feet hiiih, thousands,
JUNIPERS. Chinese, 7, 8. and 10 feet high.
PICEA PINSAPO. 6 to 8 feet.
,, NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, and 8 feet.
Knap Hill Nursery, Woldng Station, Surrey.
¥
THE OLD ESTABLISHED
NURSERY, SEED&IMPLEMENT BUSINESS
Quality variety & extenf'^
\\r/FOREST • FRUIT '\ir
V< i ALL OTHER >H»
JT\ trees i PLANTS fJh
pit^t^^fisfi;^!^^
PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE
jAMESDl€kS0N&S0NS
"NEWTON'NURSERIES.
— CHESTER
NE\A^ APPLE,
WM. CLIBBAN & SON,
OLDFIELD NURSERY, ALTRINCHAM, CHESHIRE.
"HEREFORDSHIRE BEEFING."
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
(LIMITED)
have much pleasure in now offering, for the
first time, good healthy young trees of this
valuable, late-keeping Apple, which for beauty
and general good qualities they have every
confidence in stating is unsurpassed. The tree
is upright in habit, very vigorous and healthy
in growth, never failing to produce, even in the
most unfavourable seasons, abundant crops of
large and very handsome fruit. Colour deep
red all over ; flesh white, very firm, crisp and
juicy. It will keep in good condition till June,
and is excellent for either dessert or culinary
purposes.
This excellent Apple was much admired by
all who saw it at the Great Apple Congress
recently held at Chiswick.
Strong Maiden Trees.
„ 2-y- .. •
Ss. 6d. each.
5s. Od. „
Frttit Tree Catalogue free on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY k SEED CO.
(LIMITED).
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.
Trade Price on application.
THE
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1883.
TREE PLANTING.
The Preparation of the Soil.
PERHAPS the most fatal and disastrous
mistake made by novices in planting, con-
sists in their neglect or mismanagement of the
soil. Many seem to think that if a tree
merely has its roots thrust into the earth, and
its head stood upright into the air, grow it will
and must ; and, doubtless, in a sense it will —
that is, it may live and grow an inch a year, less
or more. But such stunted existence is not
worthy of the name of growth. Men plant
trees for profit or for pleasure, and to realise
either from them, it may be broadly affirmed
that they must grow them almost to their utmost
capacity— that may mean 3 inches or 3 feet in a
season, with infinite gradations between these
two extremes.
In planting for pleasure it is especially
necessary that trees should grow freely. The
growth not only preserves them in health, but
wreathes them with beauty. It is also the surest,
strongest antidote to disease ; just as a well
balanced circulation of the blood is man's best
security against disease, so a healthy growth
is the plant or tree's surest defence against in-
sectivorous hosts, fungoid pests, "vegetable
villains," and all other diseases. Hence the
immense importance of making due preparation
for strong and vigorous growth.
Climate and soil are the chief factors in
fostering growth. The former we can influence
but little, the latter we can mould as we will.
What little we can do to ameliorate climate
ought to be done. By choosing sheltered places
for our trees, we may start them with a vantage
of from five to ten degrees. Such matters
may make all the difference between a thin and
stunted and a vigorous and healthy growth.
By thorough drainage another difference of from
three to five degrees may be secured, to the gain
of our trees, and drainage improves the soil
even more potentially than the climate so that
wherever stagnant water is found within 2 feet of
the surface thorough drainage ought to precede
planting trees. No trees, unless they be Alders,
Willows, or Poplars, will grow freely or thrive
long with their roots in stagnant water ; hence
all water that cannot pass freely through the
subsoil or natural strata should be let off
through underground drains. The deeper, too,
drains can be made in plantations the better.
Two, three, and four, or even more feet deep will
not prove excessive. Deep drainage is needful for
several reasons. The roots of many trees run
deeply, and hence the importance of giving them
a good deep dryish tilth to run in ; they have
also a sort of natural affinity for drains, and if
these are found within easy reach the roots
enter and block them. Hence, deep drains or
open ditches are the best for woods and plan-
tations. The former are out of reach, and the
latter let off the water and can be kept clear
from the surface. Open ditches are, however,
quite out of character in pleasure grounds, and
thus the planter on wet soils is thrown back on
deep drains.
The fewer drains also the better, if they can
be made effective. Hardly any operation on the
652
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 1883.
land needs for its proper carrying out so much
special knowledge as drainage. By studying
the natural form of the surface, the inclination
of the strata, the natural fall of the lawns, the
presence or absence of springs, land may be
tappped and laid dry more effectually by a
single drain than by a dozen, a score, a hundred
of the ordinary sort.
After drainage the moving, mixing, and
enriching the soil should follow. The tree
planter plants for one or more generations,
while the farmer and gardener sow or plant but
for one crop as a rule. And yet the latter never
fail to prepare and enrich the soil, while the
former too often sticks in his trees with little or
no preparation. Were not this slovenly practice
so common few or none would believe in its
existence. It seems so unreasonable, as well as
proves so unprofitable, for experience has never
failed to prove to a demonstration that no
things pay for good soil so promptly and so
liberally as do trees and shrubs of all sorts. The
land to be planted should, therefore, be trenched
up to a depth of at least 2 feet where practicable.
Neither should this trenching be a simple
inversion, as it too often is. The whole of the
surface, rough and ready, should be buried in
the hollow of the trench. But beyond that the
trenching up and incorporation of the different
soils found, in top and bottom trenches, should
go on simultaneously. It is this mixing that
does the most good. Very often it imparts, as
it were, new elements of fertility. Neither soil
apart may be worth much, but growing force
and power spring from the mixture.
In special cases, too, where rapid results are
desired a coat of manure completely changes
the character of many soils. It is also most
useful in giving the trees a vigorous start at
first. This is of immense importance to the future
welfare and rapid growth of the trees, for it
almost seems that vigour reproduces itself in
tree life, if not all through to the end, at least
for many years.
Burnt earth, marl, or clay form the most
stimulating dressings for most soils devoted to
the growth of trees, and these are often found
on the spot or close by ; and brushwood, for
burning them, can also generally be had in
plenty. No better or cheaper dressings can be
found.
So important, however, is the thorough ad-
mixture and amelioration of the mass of earth,
that in all cases, when and where possible, one
root crop, such as Potatos, should be taken off
the newly prepared soil before the trees are
planted. Time will not be lost but gained by
waiting one year, and very often the first root
crop will pay most of the expenses of preparing
the ground for the trees. But apart from that,
the soil will be so improved by a season's culti-
vation that the trees will grow with a vigour
and attain a size wholly unknown to those that
are either planted on unprepared soils, or on
those so recently prepared as to be raw and
harsh to the roots. Sweet, mellow, rich, dry,
deep root-runs are the grand secrets of fine
timber, either for pleasure or profit.
Vegetation of the Isthmus of Panama. —
The following description of the vegetation of the
Isthmus of Panama is given in a recent report from
that country. The isthmus is covered with thick
vegetation, the wonderful verdure grows pell-mell,
the variety and luxuriance are marvellous. Great
trees overshadow an interminable and impenetrable
jungle of lesser growth, made up of an endless number
of nameless plants and Vines, all pushing, struggling,
clambering towards the light. The flora is perfectly
gorgeous and bewildering in beauty and variety. The
solar rays cannot penetrate such layers of thick foliage,
and the soil always remains saturated. Emanations
and effluvia which arise from the surface being
debarred of the sun (which extracts dampness and
destroys decayed vegetable and organic matter) are
the main cause of the various kinds of fevers in the
country, such as yellow, typhus, malignant, remittent,
and intermittent. The only specific used by medical
men is quinine ; the natives use a bitter Tamarisk (?),
of which they make a febrifuge. There were 130 lb,
of quinine used last year on the Isthmus.
GLAZING.
To cheap glass, consequent on the removal of the
duty so long imposed on this article, may be directly
traced all the innovations and improvements that in
recent times have been made in the construction of
horticultural buildings. The immense demand that
has sprung up for all kinds of garden structures, from
the homely hot-bed frame to the elaborate con-
servatory, has had the natural effect in sharpening the
inventive faculties of those engaged in designing
and constructing horticultural buildings. Nor have
inventors by any means confined their attentions to
external appearance, as everything connected with
garden structures has come in for its share of inno-
vations — some simple and useful, others compli-
cated and devoid of merit, except in the eyes of those
with whom they have originated. At a time when
the importance of ventilation from a sanitary point
of view is generally admitted, it was only a short
step to see the need of it to plant life, consequently
provision for the admission and egress of the
essential element, air, has been a favourable field for
the designers of horticultural erections wherein to
exercise their ingenuity. Side lights and shutters in
the side walls, on either the hinged or sliding prin-
ciple, worked as they now are with gearing by which
all the lights or shutters on the side of a long house
can be opened by the movement of a single lever,
regulating the whole so as to admit air, little or much,
as necessary, is an important saving of labour in an
operation that has to be so often repeated. The same
applies to the roof openings, which in houses con-
structed as of old were principally made by means of
cumbrous sliding lights, in most cases worked singly,
with the accompanying breakage of cords and the
inconvenience of not being able to open them in rainy
weather without letting in the wet. But some of the
new contrivances for ridge ventilation have the dis-
advantage of not being sufficiently tight when closed,
thereby letting out the heat to an extent that is a
serious drawback. A clear gain has been effected by
the substitution of timber much less cumbrous than
was used when the requirements of plant life were
less understood ; the lighter woodwork now employed
is equally as strong as the old heavy timber was where
the structure is strengthened, as it should be, by
braces or tie-rods introduced with judgment.
The material that has effected the advance in horti-
cultural buildings — the glass — has in itself been more
improved than anything else with these structures.
The old small squares, 6 or 8 inches square, with
their many and dirty laps, have a sorry appearance
as compared with the large light-giving panes of the
present day ; for, whilst the last-named admit all the
light possible, the former might have been purposely
devised to keep it out. In the method of fixing the
glass — the glazing — there have been many innovations,
most of them with a view to dispense with the use of
putty, substituting metal strips, screws, india-rubber
slips, and even applications of the oldest of old
window material, lead ; yet there are few, if any of
them, that do not possess more objections than the
putty they supplant, either by being expensive, the diffi-
culty of repairing breakage, or letting in wind and wet,
and consequently letting out the heat — which last is a
most serious objection, entailing, as it does, continuous
waste of fuel — the most costly item connected with
gardening under glass. But although it is doubtful
if any system of glazing will permanently supersede
putty still its continued use in the ordinary way at top
as well as for bedding the glass can only be attributed
to the difficulty there is in unlearning. Old usages
die hard, and are often long before being laid aside,
even after something else has been proved better. It
is now many years since the system was first practised
of confining the use of putty to bedding the glass,
employing paint alone above ; by which means and the
use of small sprigs to each sheet of glass, however
large, all the advantages of top putty are secured
without any of its defects.
It is scarcely necessary to recapitulate the objec-
tions to top putty, as there are few who have had to
do with garden structures of any description that have
not noticed the way in which it cracks and leaves
the wood, letting in the wet, with the still further
objection of making the painting on the outside
so much more difficult, as well as tending to diminish
light by the way the paint usually is laid on to over-
lap the putty. In outside painting it takes double the
time where top putty is used to that which is required
where putty has been confined to bedding the glass
alone. There is one class of individuals engaged in
gardening under glass who, almost to a man, now
confine the use of putty to bedding the glass — the
London market growers, who with their acres upon
acres of houses and pits use paint alone above.
The nature of their occupation, the bulk of their
business confied to glass cultivation, naturally keep
them alive to anything fresh ; as new methods of
glazing have appeared they have been tried by some
or other of the market growers, and hitherto have as
quickly been discarded. Their first object is to make
their houses as tight as possible so as to keep in the
heat and shut out the cold— terms that are synonymous.
To effect this no method of glazing yet devised finds
favour with the market men, equal to large squares
well bedded-in and sprigged down, the laps as close
and tight as it is possible to make them. Such glazing,
well painted, they find tends to keep the firing account
down, and conduces to the wellbeing of the crops
they grow by the maximum of light thus secured.
7". Baines,
SEAKALE.
There are few garden esculents more in favour
than Seakale, which may be forced in a variety of
ways, the one giving least trouble being that of taking
up the roots and forwarding them in heat, which may
be done with safety and the Kale got in very early, as
they contain enough sap and organisable matter to
live and produce fine heads if packed in only a small
body of soil. To start fairly with them the plants
should be dug up carefully, so as to preserve as great
a portion of the large fleshy root part as possible, but
any straggling side pieces may be broken off and saved
as thongs for planting again, about which I shall have
something to say later on. With the roots trimmed
or reduced in the way referred to, they may be packed
closely in large deep flower-pots or boxes, in doing
which the interstices should be well filled with light
fine rich soil, and when finished the whole should be
heavily watered, so as to settle the mould in its place
and render it wet enough for the young rootlets, when
they form, to feed on. The pots or boxes can then be
stood in any warm house or place where there is a
temperature of from 60° to 70*, in which the Kale will
soon start, and in a few weeks it will be ready for
cutting.
To blanch it properly it must be kept both dark
and air-tight, or nearly so, and the readiest way of
effecting these ends is to turn another pot over the one
containing the plants, stopping the hole and the space
between the rims with moss or clay, and the box, if
one be used, with a close fitting lid. Dark arches in
stoves or vacant spaces under stages come in admir-
ably for forcing Seakale, and even stokeholes over
boilers may be made good use oi for the same purpose,
the only drawback being that the heat is rather dry,
to obviate which it is a good plan to pack the pot
round with moss or old mats kept wetted, which
saves wetting the roots. Later on there is no better
situation than a Mushroom-house for the forcing of
Seakale, as there, with a temperature of 55° to 60", it
comes on slowly and pushes with great strength, so
that the heads grow very large if the crowns are fully
developed.
To have a constant succession for cutting it is neces-
sary to take up and put in a few roots weekly, or more
often, according to the demand, but in no case should
the heads be allowed to stand to get long, as when
they are in that state they lose their succulence,
and become hard and tough. Those who are not
in any hurry for Seakale, and like to have
it unusually fine may obtain it so by forcing it where
it stands ; but to do this, and get extra large heads,
the rows should be planted wide apart, and the beds
arranged for the purpose. That these may not be an
eyesore when the manure is applied and the work of
forcing going on, it is well to have them in an out-of-
the-way place, but readily accessible to get the dung
to them. The plants should be in rows 5 feet apart,
by having which space for the leaves to spread they
grow very strong. Before forcing commences the
proper mode of procedure is to dig out a trench be-
tween each row, and then to spread the soil over the
plant, so as to cover the crowns to a depth of 6 inches,
when all will be in readiness for the manure and
leaves, mixed together for affording the heat. To
keep this constant and steady it is necessary to have
the fermenting material at least 2 feet thick, which
will then gradually warm the earth under and induce
the Seakale to start. As soon as it breaks through
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
653
the crust of the soil it is fit to cut, and will be found,
if so treated, not only large, but well blanched, and
mild and delicious in flavour. When the Kale is cut,
sufficient loose manure should be left to partly fill the
trenches, and after frost is over the soil may be
levelled back, to give the heads of the plants light
and air to make their young shoots. These should
be thinned out to about three to each crown, as only
fine heads can be got by giving them plenty of room.
There is yet another way of forcing Seakale, which
is, perhaps, the oldest, and that is by means of pots,
which may he had for the purpose, with lids on the
tops. By putting these over the plants, and ferment-
ing material around and over them, the warmth of the
latter is quickly driven through into the interior
space, the air of which is kept at regular temperature,
which soon brings the heads on ready for cutting. This
mode of forcing, like that just adverted to, only does
for late work, as during the winter, when there is
severe weather, and often heavy falls of snow or rain,
it is almost impossible, even with unremitting atten-
tion, to keep the dung and leaves heating. In the
months of August and April it may be managed, and
after that the best plan for obtaining a late supply is
to simply cover a bed with clean long stable litter laid
on a foot or so thick, which excludes all light,
and blanches the Kale beautifully, without entailing
much trouble or labour. By starting in the manner
first touched on, and following through with one or
the other, and finishing up with the latter, Seakale
may be had from Christmas to June — that is, provided
there is stock enough for lasting so long.
The way to increase plantations or to start others is
to first trench and manure the ground heavily where
it is intended to plant, and if the land is at all stiff a
good dressing of leaf-mould and sharp sand should be
added, the latter of which may, if handy, be got from
the seashore, as Seakale, being a marine plant, is fond
of some salt. Seaweed may therefore be made use of
with great advantage in preparing the beds, as it is
both stimulating and lasting, rotting and parting
with its saline matter slowly. To make good
strong plants quick, the root-thongs cut up into about
3-inch lengths are the best, and these pieces may be
dibbled in in rows 2 feet apart and i8 inches asunder,
which will afford them plenty of room to grow and
spread and make fine strong plants in a season.
These may also sometimes be got from seed in the
same time, but it requires exceptionally good soil and
attentive cultivation to do this, and the seed must be
sown early, that the plants may have a long summer
to grow. The mode of procedure in preparing for sow-
ing is to draw drills at distance above specified for
planting the thongs, when the seed may either be scat-
tered thinly along or dropped in patches a foot apart,
and when up the plants should be thinned out so as to
leave them standing singly that space between. The
next thing is to ply the hoe to keep down weeds, and
to prevent others growing it is a good plan to give a
sprinkling of salt, and if to this a little soot be added
the growth of the plants will be accelerated, and their
health and strength much improved. 'J. Sheppard^
home, and so is the less known P. Bolanderi, the colour
of which is equally beautiful, and which seems to be
more hardy than insignis, which, as many know to
their cost, is tender. What V. Bolanderi is — we
mean as to its botanical status — we shall soon have
an opportunity of determining, for its hardihood is
inducing planters to make use of it. Pinus monti-
cola is one of the Pines which thrive here as well as
the commoner and hardier austriaca and pyrenaica,
and the less known Jelfreyi. P. macrocarpa looks
strange and weird in a young stage ; as a middle-
aged tree it has a handsome appearance, but those
who succeed us, and see the tree in its old age,
will probably wonder what beauty their forefathers
found in such a tree. P. macrocarpa, we learn from
Mr. Geo. Paul, is one of the very few Pines that do
well on the London clay. The biggest plant we have
Fig. 114.— straw tie for trees.
yet met with of that odd-looking Picea Maximowiczii
is to be seen here. Usually it has a very miserable
starved appearance, but at Handcross it seems to
have found the conditions suitable for it. Retino-
sporas, Thuias, and Libocedrus all do well at Crawley,
and it is not surprising that they should, for they are
nursed up when young, and are planted out when the
time comes with judgment and due precautions, so
that great interest will attach to the progress of the
plantations.
The garden is but recently made, but whether in
the flower garden or in the houses, forethought, skill,
and method are apparent. Herbaceous plants and
choice deciduous shrubs are pressed into the service,
and a small but well furnished rockery promises to be
HANDCROSS PARK.
Halfway, or thereabouts, from London to
Brighton, in the vicinity of Crawley, is the estate of
J. Warren, Esq. For a long distance the high road
bounds the property on one side, and along this line
has been planted a row of Wellingtonias, like so
many sentries. They have been planted several years,
and form a striking feature, but still not one that is
likely to induce a repetition of the experiment, at least
under those conditions. The house, the stately tower
from whose summit a glorious view is obtained over
the Weald as far as the " Downs " on both sides —
the garden — all is new. But the heath and the
forest adjacent are not new. Not even the oldest
inhabitant's oldest ancestor could tell the origin of
that Surrey heath. A geologist might guess at it, but
we must allow him a very wide margin.
On this heath and amid its encirling woods Mr.
Warren is carrying out an interesting experiment.
All the Conifers at all likely to be hardy, on
high ground as well as on low, on dry soil and
on moist, exposed or sheltered, interesting for
structural or economic reasons, are being gathered
together. The soil conditions are widely differ-
ent from those conducted on such a large scale at
Pampesford by Mr. Parker Hamond. At Hand-
cross Park the experiment has been begun too
recently to afford any crucial results ; but even now it
is evident that some of the Pines will thrive well. P.
insignis, with its lovely shade of green, is quite at
Fig. 115 —straw tie for trees.
an interesting feature. The big bushes of Crotons
are a magnificent sight. These are the heroes of
many a well-fought contest, and as you see them at
home, symmetrical in form and perfect as to colour-
ing, it would seem as if they could not be beaten.
In going round the kitchen garden, well stocked with
the choicest fruit trees beautifully grown, our attention
was directed — as indeed elsewhere — to the very service-
able manner in which the trees were tied to their stakes.
Mr. Rann has been good enough to send us a speci-
men of the tie he uses, which is made of straw, and
is so managed that while the tree is held firmly it is
not constricted, and the tie is readily shifted, as seen
in our illustrations (figs. 114, 115). The ties are
made of various sizes, and are so simple that a garden
labourer can readily make them. For neatness and
efficiency we know of none better.
To convert and adapt a wild heath as perfectly as
has been done in so short a space of time is a proof
of what may be done by energy and skill, associated,
as in this case, by the intelligent sympathy of the
proprietor.
OPEN SPACES IN TOWNS.— II.
Gateshead. — This smoky manufacturing and coal
shipping town is not o( any great extent, and, except
in the older parts lying near the Tyne, the rural dis-
tricts are readily reached ; but as buildings gradually
creep outwards into these rural parts so will the people
living in the more confined areas find a difficulty in
teaching health-giving localities for play and recrea-
tion.
At present the Saltwell Park, bought from Mr.
Wills, a wealthy glass manufacturer, is the only one
the townspeople possess. It consists of about 50 acres
of hilly, high-lying, park-like land laid out in large
sloping lawns, shady clumps and walks. During the
last year 4 acres of water have been added to the
attractions of the place, the banks of which are treated
in a natural method, but are rather too much seen
from all points of view — a fault in a piece of water
of so small an extent. Either islands or projecting
points of land round which the water could vanish
should be made, or more timber trees should be
employed near the margin in places : these are
improvements that can be recommended. The depth
of the water is made not more than 3 feet, thus ren-
dering bathing or skating fatalities almost impossible.
The park contains the castellated house of the former
proprietor, which, as it is not wanted for any public
purpose, is let by the town Corporation for habi-
tation : this, together with a small private
garden, some stabling and outbuildings —
the latter enclosed within a wall — reduce the
space available to the public by at least 2 acres.
An irregular piece of ground surrounded by a low
retaining wall, levelled from the hill-side, is ap-
proached from the adjacent ground by means of steps,
and is furnished with asphalted paths, beds of flowers
and shrubs, making a very pleasant promenade, from
which the older half of the park is overlooked. Near
this, but on the other side of the mansion above-
mentioned, is a showy flower garden, in which there
were growing the usual bedding plants used in the
North, together with single Dahlias and Gladioli in
beautiful bloom, and separating the public garden
from that pertaining to the mansion was a hedge of
mixed Sweet Peas, in such capital bloom as is seldom
seen in the mote favoured South. From near the middle
of the park a dene, or ravine, with a tiny stream of
water running through it, divides the older from the
more recently laid-out part, where the lake above
described is situated. The dene being a sheltered
spot has much laiger timber scattered up and down,
and lining the sides of the main approach to the man-
sion, which runs on one side of it, than is to be found
elsewhere. The stream is anything but a desirable
featute in this dell, fot, except aftet a stotm of tain,
when a tottent of ditty watet ftom off the stteets and
highways gushes down, theie is but the merest dribble,
and which teiminates in a ditty pool at the end of the
ravine.
Outside, further westward, the park is again open
and breezy. Here new plantations are springing
which will in time add materially to the shelter found
hereabouts, and which will mask the objectionable
roofs of buildings adjacent. These buildings being
built on the slope, lower than the park, have the odd
appearance of springing out of the soil. The upper
parts of the park in this section have broad paths, a
band-stand, a temperance refreshment place, besides
a considerable amount of flower-decked shrubbery
border. Here, as elsewhere in this district, the
Golden Elder plays an important part in the shrub-
beries. The former proprietor was partial to flower-
ing trees, so we find great numbers of Pyrus malus
baccata. Thorns, Lilacs, Sorbus aucupatia, S. atis-
folia, Pavias. Weeping Elms abound in the older
parts, but evetgreens are seldom met with, although
formerly they were abundant, as is evident from the
butts and stumps in the shrubberies. The hard frosts
of some winters ago killed many outtight, and so
injuted the test that they have since died. The place
is in fait otdet as regards the turf and the walks,
although the fotmer would be much benefited by some
rich and enduring top-diessing, say strong loam and
farmyard manure. The shrubberies require re-
arranging and planting anew with flowering and
evergreen plants, especially herbaceous hardy ones
among the flowering section.
The view from the highest parts over the western
portion of the county of Durham is very fine, and
comprises almost the identical objects and landscape
features seen ftom the Newcastle side of the Tyne.
654
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 1883.
The distance from the Gateshead station t-> the park-
is about I^ mile.
Sunderland Town Park.— The large and busy
coaling and manufacturing town of Sunderland is now
provided with a very pleasant park-like garden in a
most delightful situation, in the middle of the town,
on the left bank of the river Wear. The site, which
is high and commanding, as is that of a great part of
the town, was formerly a worked-out stone quarry of
about 17 acres, acquired by the Corporation for /'2000,
and which was enlarged by the addition of 10 acres
obtained from the North-Eastern Railway Company
at a cost of ^10,000. There is here a free library, an
art gallery and museum, brought together in a line
stone building of handsome aspect, 200 feet in length,
on the garden front of which a noble conservatory is
attached. These buildings are situated on a low
balustraded terrace commanding a view of the garden
in front. The conservatory, which is rather less in
length than the museum building, to which it forms
the garden vestibule, contains some moderately large
Tree Ferns, such as Cyatheas, Alsophilas, together
with Yuccas, Ficus, Phoenix, Seaforthias, and various
warm and intermediate-house plants in beds. Flower-
ing plants stand on the side borders, and creepers adorn
the roof and walls. The house is of a good height and
length, but is rather narrow for planted-out Tree Ferns
and Palms, which will eventually intrude too much on
the paths. The terrace in front of this conservatory is
;\ gravelled one, with a low balustraded wall, plenty
of seats, and very capacious area. In front of this, and
close to the terrace wall, is a most irregularly designed
pond with islets, which from the absence of vegetation
in the water, and of turf, has a singular appearance.
The banks are faced, and covered on the upper parts
with a broad irregular margin of apparently sea-worn
rock, closely cemented, so that no crevice or joint is
visible, and which is utterly bare, reminding one of
nothing so much as a seaside pool on a rocky shore
minus the seaweeds. When we saw it there was not
much water in it, and it was desolate looking in the
extreme, the only relief afforded to the eye being the
greenery of the small trees and bushes on the islets.
The grounds have been much better dealt with,
these being quite pleasingly laid out. The debris of
the old quarries has been disposed of in enormous
mounds of easy lines, grassed over in some places, and
carrying shrubberies and groups of trees in others.
Through and around these the walks meander, and
afford the saunterer much variety of view, and — what
is also much needed and appreciated — shelter from
the winds in this breezy place. The turf, which is in
good order, is enlivened here and there with parterres
of flowers and solitary beds, as are also most of the
shrubbery borders, every effort being made to make
the garden attractive to the townspeople.
About the middle of the grounds a railway cuts
them into two parts, connected by a bridge ; but
as the cutting is of considerable depth, and is
masked very well on either side with trees and shrub-
beries, it is no particular detriment to the enjoyment
of the gardens. Parallel to this railway is another
balustraded terrace, from which the observer looks
towards the museum buildings and the intervening
ground. The idea of having terraces to face each
other is a curious one, and should be followed with
caution ; but when, as here, they are not much seen
from each other, and the view seen from each is
dissimilar, it is perhaps permissible. There is an
unfortunate crooked walk laid out, with turf on either
hand, at the foot of the last-mentioned terrace, whose
curves are rather meaningless. It would be much
improved by placing dwarf-growing shrubs, or groups
of half- trees at prominent parts of the line, so as to
suggest reasons for the divergence from the straight
line.
Over the railway the ground; are dealt with in
r ither a less decorative way. Curving paths of easy
gradients and good width lead the visitor gradually
upward till the enormous mass of natural rock is
reached that forms the termination of the park on the
side directly opposite to that at which the museum
stands. This rock is about 50 feet high, and several
hundred yards round. On the top is a fine bronze
statue of General Havelock, some Sebastopol cannon,
and a large flag-staff. From the esplanade here a beau-
iilul view can be obtained of the park and immediate
locality, and the German Ocean about two miles off.
The face of this rock looking parkwards is covered
with Ivy and other strong-growing creepers, the
upper part sloping down to the level of the roadway.
Throughout the trees and other vegetation have a
healthy, thriving look, which is doubtless owing to
the proximity of Sunderland to the ocean, the health-
giving breezes from which make vigorous growth pos-
sible ; whereas in Newcastle, whose open spaces
formed the subject of a previous article, and which is
some considerable distance from the sea, the con-
ditions of healthy growth are not equally good.
The park is encircled by an ornamental iron rail-
ing, with numerous entrances in it, some of these
being profusely adorned with flowers in season.
Distant about two miles from the railway station is
the fine bathing beach, Roker, which is quickly
reached by tram-car. These fine sands, of about
three-quarters of a mile in length, are much frequented
during the summer months by young and old, being an
admirable addition to the health resorts of the town.
It seems to be the more inland lying districts of the
town which most stand in need of recreation grounds.
Here, amongst hillocks of mine and colliery and
factory refuse, among pools of putrid water and filthy
rills, one can see the youth and children of the labour-
ing poor disporting in all degrees of dirt and ragged-
ness. It is evident to all that playgrounds are sorely
needed in these parts of Sunderland, so that the
people could assemble in healthier parts than is pos-
sible now. It would not be desirable to plant trees,
as these would probably perish from the poisonous
gases in the air.hereabouts, and from the general un-
wholesomeness of the soil ; but turf would grow, and
most probably the Elder-bush ; so that playgrounds
could be obtainable on which bowls, quoits, cricket,
and other games might be played. The appearance
of the farm crops but a short distance from the town
proves that thus much could be done should private
enterprise or the public feeling lead that way.
The population of Sunderland numbered 110,500
souls at the last census.
FERRIBY BROOK NURSERY.
Messrs. Whittaker & Whitehead's charming
nursery for herbaceous plants is about 4 miles from
Derby, and a place well known to our best herbaceous
authorities, and Mr. Whittaker is well esteemed by
such hardy plant giants as Mr. Wolley Dod and Mr.
Ellacombe, and a few weeks ago might have been
added the name of the late Mr, Harpur-Crewe, who
looked upon Mr. Whittaker and spoke of him as a
dear botanical friend.
This nursery is perhaps not so well known away
from the locality as it ought to be. Mr. Whittaker
(whose house bears the date 1857) is an authority, and
one who is ever ready to talk on his favourite sub-
ject, and, moreover, knows what he is talking about,
and any plant lover may pass an hour or two with
extreme pleasure here. At the recommendation of
Mr. Wolley Dod, I paid this nursery a visit in the
spring, and so interesting was this visit to me that
I went a second time in the summer, and cannot
resist pointing out a few of the many things that
delighted me. First and foremost a Papaver nudi-
caule, of a rich orange-red, richer in colour than any
variety that has hitherto been raised ; there is also
the true Papaver alpinum, so rare now to find without
a cross with P. nudicaule. Lilium Michauxii is here a
grand plant, 9 feet high, and smothered in bloom.
There are three large Thalictrums, all of a lemon
colour, and each beautiful. These are lucidum,
glaucum, and a third, unnamed, which was sent to
Mr. Whittaker from the Liverpool Botanic Gardens.
In Campanulas are a number of dwarf forms of car-
patica and turbinata ; carpalica alba and turbinata
pallida are very fine, and so are C. Hostii, C. altidi-
folia, C. ericifolia alba-plena, and C .celtidifolia. A
fine plant of Pentstemon humilis had gone out of
flower. In Veronicas there are good plants of Grievei,
Guthrieana, the rare crispa, &c.
The lovely Prunellas, pyrenaica (or grandifiora) and
Webbiana, are remarkably good. Tropaeolum poly-
phyllum had been a mass of flower. The Eryngiums
are very effective, especially aquifolium plenum and
amethystinum, so are Geraniums Wallichii and lancas-
triense, and Geums dubium and miniatum.
Other interesting plants, too numerous to name,
cover a large area of the nursery, but the following
list may be especially alluded to : — Rudbeckia salici-
folia, Hedysarum boreale, Scutellaria alpina (very
fine), Cathcartia villosa (beautiful), Aquilegias, nice
hybrids of chrysantha, canadense, and the glandu-
losa of gardens ; Epilobium rosmarinifulium and seri-
ceum, Dracocephalum speciosum, Alstromeria lutea,
Craspedia Richardii, Picrorhiza carnea (rose), from
Northern India, Polemonium Richardsoni, Pentste-
mon Scoulerii, Borago laxiflora (large), Cheiranthus
longifolius (very good), Kniphofia caulescens (grand),
Astersericeus, Armeria cephalotes. Cassia marilandica,
Pancratium illyricum (blooming well out-of-doors),
Sidalcea malvseflora and S. Candida, Achillea mongolica
(good), Callimeris incisa (like an Erodium, and very
good), Lysimachia clethroides (fiiie), Anthericum
Renarnari (very pretty). Genista tinctoria plena (effec-
tive), Spirrea aruncus (glorious), and S. Ulmaria
plena, Cimifuga racemosa (very good), Potentilla
Tonguei and P. Smouitii (both pretty), Dianthus
superbus var. Nivenii, Saxifraga hirculus major and
S. aquatica, Epilobium obcordatum (rare). Anemone
rivularis, &c.
These are only a few of the more conspicuous of
this fine collection of plants that were seen in flower
at the time of my visit. In spring I saw large beds of
Narcissi that were well worth seeing, containing a
number of conspicuous kinds, such as Emperor,
Empress, Moschatus, one or two Leedsii seedlings,
&c. ; two large beds of Anemone Pulsatilla, Iris
reticulata ; Primulas cashmiriana, rosea, japonica,
Munroi, capitata, &c. These were well worth a journey
to see ; and taking the nursery in all its branches, I
feel convinced that the readers of the Gardeners'
Chronicle will welcome this notice, and I hope some
will visit the nursery of really good herbaceous plants,
for if they do so they will not be disappointed.
E. J. Lozve.
TOMATOS IN THE OPEN
GROUND AT READING.
The subject of an extended cultivation of the
Tomato having of late engaged the public attention,
and it appearing to be desirable that the Tomato
should be much more plentifully and cheaply sup-
plied to English homes, it occurred to Messrs. Sutton
& Sons, of Reading, to carry out an extensive trial
of Tomatos, so as to test, in as far as it could
be done in a single but carefully conducted trial,
the merits of the varieties in commerce. For this
purpose as many as sixty-three reputed varieties
were obtained, and the seeds sown on February 15
and 16 last : the young plants were carefully grown
on, and they were planted-out in the middle of May.
A somewhat favourable spot was selected for the
trial — a warm sunny corner on the left hand imme-
diately on entering the Portland Nurseries from the
London Road — fully open to all the genial influences
of the south and south-west, but sheltered on the
north-west, north and east. The soil is of a fairly
light and free character, it was deeply dug previously
to receive the plants, and they were planted-out
in twenty-six rows, there being fifty-two plants in a
row, and four to six of each variety. These
rows were 3 feet apart, and the plants the same
distance apart in the lines. They were all grown to
a single stem, and the best fruit was at the bottom of
the stems, and mainly on the sunny side. An inspec-
tion of the crops made about the middle of Septem-
ber enabled a pretty good estimate to be formed of
the value and quality of certain sorts ; all had fruited
well, almost without exception, and at the time of
our visit the crops were in a very favourable stage
of development.
During the time the plants were under cultivation
they were carefully attended to as to tying, stopping,
clearing the ground when necessary, &c. ; and in the
course of culture many hints were derived by those
having the management of the plants. Experience
proved, as it usually does, an excellent teacher ; and
one lesson learned from the trial is, reasoning from
analogy, that there must be many spots in this country
eminently suited for the growth of the Tomato in the
open air, and that with the necessary careand attention
good and remunerative crops may be had. The
popular taste has gone out towards the Tomato of
late, and they who set themselves to work to provide
something like an adequate supply can scarcely fail to
receive a proper reward for their pains.
The results of the Reading trial, as far as they affect
the successful culture of the plants, may be summed up
as follows :— Tomatos should be grown on poor soil ;
if on rich soil they go away so much to foliage, and
the fruit crop is comparatively small. One important
principle is to begin right ; and from the very first
the plants should never receive anything like a check.
November 24, i88j,]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE-
655
The seed need not be sown before the middle of
February, and sown thinly and in great heat, for the
sooner the plants are up the better. They should be
somewhat hardened off while in the seed pots or pans
before being pricked off into store pans or boxes.
When they are about an inch high six or so should
be put into a 45-inch pot, placing the leives close
down on to the soil, and then placed into a heat of
60' or 70", and kept very moist ; a brisk dung
frame is a good place in which to place the plants
at this stage, provided shading can be employed il
necessary. As soon as the plants have made four
leaves they should be potted singly into 2l-inch pots,
and, as before recommended, with the leaves close
down on to the soil ; then again placed in a tempera-
ture of 60° to 70°, and advantage gradually taken of
sunshine in spring to shut up the house close with
sun on them ; if it be necessary, to give air by day. As
soon as the pots are filled with roots the plants should
be placed in a frame where the heat is turned off by
day, and by the beginning of April they should be
shifted into 42-sized pots, using a little heavier soil ;
then stood close together in a moderately warm frame,
shaded from too much sunshine, and occasionally
sprinkled overhead. As the plants become established
some will be found to grow stronger than others, and
the foremost plants should be placed by themselves
and have a cooler treatment, but still giving a little
warmth as required. The first week in May the fore-
most plants should be stood on an ash bottom in a
cold frame, a foot apart, shaded carefully from the
sun, and never allowed to want water, exposed to
genial showers, and protected from winds, but lights
should be placed on the frame at night. The best
position for this cold frame is under a hedge facing
the sun, and if the night promises to be cold a mat
should be laid over the frame to supply the necessary
protection. When what is termed the " Blackthorn
winter " is over, and genial growing showers fall,
then the plants should be put out in ground that has
been deeply dug or trenched three months pre-
viously, and thrown up loosely for thorough aera-
tion, and, it is scarcely necessary to add, in a warm
and sheltered spot.
The after-culture of the plants is not less import-
ant. It must be borne in mind that, in the case of
Tomatos grown in the open ground, the first crop of
flowers should be encouraged to bear fruit, for these
will form the foundation of the main crop, especially
so as the season is a short one, and always uncertain.
As soon as flowers appear, all shoots and leaves that
cover them should tie removed, and when the fruit
are set more leaves and side shoots will need to be
cut away. If extra large fruit are wanted, say for
exhibition purposes, the thinning-out of the fruit adds
materially to its early ripening and symmetrical de-
velopment. The plants should be kept closely tied
up to 3 feet or 4 feet stakes, which should be put into
the ground directly after planting, and when they
reach the top ol the stake then the top of the plants
should be removed, and so much of the shoots as to
leave little more than the main stem, a few leaves,
and the fruit, thereby divesting the plants of all sur-
plus growth and laterals. Three feet stakes will be
found high enough generally.
Mulching at the roots must on no account be
attempted, as this only adds to growth, which is
not required. If the plants are fed too much the
fruit are apt to crack, which is a misfortune,
as it interferes with their sale. In planting out the
plants should be placed as near the surface of the
soil as possible ; and it is found that frequent surface
hoeings, carefully done of course, add much to root
action. Under such a system of culture as that laid
down Tomatos may be had in the open air from about
the second week in August until the middle of Octo-
ber, provided the weather is at all favourable. The
earliest fruit at Reading was gathered on August 12.
Should the weather prove treacherous in early autumn
the stems of the plants can be cut off and the partly
ripened fruit finished off by hanging them up in some
suitable place where the fruit can colour and become
fit for table. A comparison of the leading varieties
grown in this important trial gave the following
results : —
Earliest of All (Sutton) was undoubtedly the
earliest of the many varieties in this large collection ;
it is a selection made by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, pro-
ducing perfectly round medium-sized fruit of a brilliant
red colour, uniform in size, and of excellent flavour.
This is a very prolific bearer, and fully a week in
ripening before any other variety. Reading Perfec-
tion came next ; it is a new variety of great merit, of
the colour of Acme, large and fine in appearance ; a
variety that ripens its fruit rapidly, finishes quickly,
and crops freely. Criterion, an excellent Tomato,
was from seven to ten days later than Earliest of All ;
the fruit is of a longish-oval shape, bearing smooth
and corrugated specimens both, the grealer part of
the fruit smooth. Some object to the colour of
this, and there are those who say that the
flavour is disagreeable unless the fruit is fully ripe.
Conqueror is a good and prolific Tomato ; the fruit
appears to vary in size ; some are deep in colour
and some pale, and mostly much corrugated. Acme
must be put down as a very fine variety, remarkable
for its depth of colour, in shape like Ilathaway's
Excelsior, fairly free, and of fine flavour ; a really good
Tomato. The Dwarf Broad-leaved is an American
variety, very broad in the leaves, and bearing large
corrugated fruit, but not good enough to be included
in a choice collection. The Dwarf Striped Japanese
was represented by large corrugated fruit striped
orange and crimson, and may be written off as no
good. Dedham Favourite is in the way of Acme,
one of the pale red forms, fine shape and good colour,
appearing to be a selection from Acme ; a good exhi-
bition variety, and a free bearer. Common or Large
Red, as grown here, is a wonderfully free variety,
but very coarse. This variety is largely grown in
India, where there is a great consumption of Tomatos,
The Early Dwarf Red is a very distinct free-bearing
variety, small in size and deep red, but with a
remarkable absence of seed ; very good flavour.
Earley's Defiance, as seen at Reading, was simply
the ordinary Large Red, and it is just possible it
was in the first instance a selection from the latter.
A variety named Windsor Prolific was also not dis-
tinguishable from the Large Red.
Three very handsome types were particularly notice-
able, viz , Hathaway's Excelsior, Livingstone's Per-
fection, and Livingstone's Favourite. These are all
of American origin, and show the care taken by
our] Transatlantic brethren in selecting handsome
types. The former was represented by a very fine
stock. Livingstone's Favourite is a very fine
variety for exhibition purposes, and is one of
the very best for culture under glass : it is also very
showy on the table ; Livingstone's Perfection is rather
earlier, a trifle richer in colour, and of very handsome
appearance indeed. There is no waste about either
of these, as they are so smooth and rounded. Trophy
was to be seen here in good form, large, handsome, and
slightly corrugated. The Early Red, smooth, crisp-
leaved, a designation which applies both to the fruit
and habit of growth of this variety, is'.like Trophy, but
different in the foliage and very prolific. Glamorgan
is the name of a Tomato raised at Margam Park, and
sent for trial by Messrs. Stuart & Co., of Nice, and
represents a large, rough, much corrugated fruit ; but
this variety as shown by Mr. Muir during the past
summer was perfectly smooth. Tomato de Laye
has a very singular upright growth, of which there
was plenty, but no appearance of fruit. It is
evidently not adapted for outdoor culture. Key's
Prolific is a very prolific Tomato, but coarse in
appearance, type of Large Red, and is probably a
selection from it, of good constitution and so profuse
in bearing that one can '* cut and come again :" an
admirable variety for out-door culture. Little Gem
(Benary), is a good deal like Early Dwarf Red, but
varies in character, and looks as if it were a selection
of a smooth early variety from the ordinary Large l\ed.
A variety named Macrophyllum, sent by Dammann &
Co. of Naples, has the fruit borne in large clusters,
and has a close resemblance to Nisbet's Victoria ; the
fruit is oval in shape, a free bearer, and decidedly
ornamental. Nisbet's Victoria may be taken as an
improvement on the Pea-shaped Tomato, but the
fruit is more oval shaped than that of Macrophyllum:
both are deep orange-red in colour. An American
variety named Mammoth Cluster came from Messrs.
Thorburn & Co. ; it bears very large fruit, deeply
corrugated, but the fruit is not borne in particularly
large clusters. Orangefield Dwarf appeared to be a
mixed sample, and a selection from the Large Red, its
undoubted true form was represented by fine deeply-
coloured fruit, slightly corrugated. President Garfield
was represented by a rather strong growing variety,
the plants bearing one or two enormous fruits each,
coarse and ugly, and it cannot be classed as a
desirable variety. Powell's Early is a very free old
variety in the way of Key's Prolific, but too much
corrugated. Thorburn's Paragon appears to be an
orange-red type of Hathaway's Excelsior, very hand-
some, but not a particularly free bearer. Queen of
Tomatos, sent out by Messrs. Dickson, Brown &
Tail, appears to be true Pear-ihapcd, but
a fine selected type of il. Royal Cluster
is a variety that fruits in long large clusters, the fruit
small, round, and urange-red in colour, and wonder-
fully prolific, good habit ; the Rose-fruited Giant is
very large and ugly, the fruit deeply corrugated.
The Large Red of Italy is a coarse type of this form.
Stamfordian, as seen here, was a very mixed lot ; the
best was a Large Red Tomato, pretty handsome, and
best described as a smooth type of the Large Red ;
Turk's Turban (Benary) is a medium-sized variety
representing a miniature Turban Gourd, but with a
cluster of orange-coloured points issuing from the
centre, more curious than desirable ; Trenlham Fill-
basket appears to be the same as Stamfordian, but
rather more ribbed ; Alpha, an American variety,
appeared to be a smooth selection from Powell's Early ;
Mayflower seemed to be a poor form of Ilathaway's
Excelsior.
Yellow Tomatos were few, and indeed they do not
appear to be greatly thought of for edible purposes,
and probably are grown more for ornament than use.
There does undoubtedly exist a prejudice in favour of
red Tomatos. At Reading yellow Tomatos were
represented by the Early Yellow, a smaller and
deeper coloured type of the Large Yellow, but cer-
tainly earlier ; Green Gage, to all appearance a fine
selection from the Large Yellow, and the handsomest
of the yellow-fruited forms ; Golden Trophy, large
yellow, a shy bearer ; the ordinary Large Yellow,
here in good form, as selected by Messrs. Sutton &
Sons i and While Apple, pale whitish-yellow, poor
in colour, not a good bearer, shape of Green Gage,
and appearing as if selected from it.
The Cherry and Currant fruited types are certainly
free bearers, and they have an ornamental value
which will always make them favourites with some
people. There are the yellow and red of the former
and the red and yellow Currant-fruited varieties
also.
The following are undoubtedly among the best
varieties for outdoor culture : — Earliest of All (Sutton),
Conqueror, Criterion, and Powell's Early. For culture
indoors : — Acme, Livingstone's Perfection and Favour-
ite, and Thorburn's Paragon ; and for ornamental
purposes, as producing their fruit in long and showy
clusters, the Royal Cluster, the Pear-shaped, and, if
needed, the red and yellow Cherry and Currant
varieties. R, D,
EPIPHYLLUM TRUNCATUM.
Among stove plants, few, if any, are equal in
beauty and usefulness to Epiphyllums, for not only are
they exceedingly showy, but they are very valuable
for all kinds of decorative purposes, and come in at a
season when other choice flowers are scarce. To
render them of the greatest service it is necessary to
have them in different forms, which is a very easy
matter, as they lend themselves readily to many kinds
of training, and may be had as low dense bushes, or
as pyramids or standards, according to the way they
are propagated or worked on stocks that will suit
them. If desired as bushes it is necessary to strike
them from cuttings, and to grow them on their own
roots, when, instead of getting to any height, they
spread and arch over, covering the sides of the pots,
and when in flower they are grand for furnishing
brackets or to suspend in baskets, in either of which
positions they show off their natural habit and lovely
blossoms to the greatest advantage. To have them
in the pyramid shape or as standards they must be
grafted on either the Cereus speciosissimus or the
Pereskia, the latter being the best, as plants of it are
readily obtainable ; or they may be propagated and
grown quickly for working.
The neatest sizes of Epiphyllums for table decora-
tion— a purpose for which they are specially suited —
are those of a foot or so high, with proportionate
heads, and the way to get these is to select nice young
clean-stemmed plants of Pereskia and to cut them back
to that height, after which all that is requisite in the
grafting is just to make a slit in the top extending
about an inch down so as to slip in the scion. This
needs but little preparation, and may be quickly pre-
pared by just shaving otT a portion of the lower end
on each side, so as to make it wedge-shaped, when it
should be inserted in the slit and secured there by
either sticking a pin through or binding parts up
656
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 18
together by the use of a piece of matting and moss,
the latter being the better plan, as the moss, if wetted
occasionally by syringing or sprinkling, keeps the
scion plump and prevents it from flagging. The only
difference in starting to work up stands, instead of
those just referred to, is in having the stems of the
stocks longer, as the grafting has to be carried out in
the same manner.
If pyramids are desired the Pereskia stems must be
furnished from base to summit — a process which, though
not so easy as the cleft or crown grafting, is very simple,
as, instead of splitting the stock, a cut downwards
has to be made in the side. This should not extend
far in beyond the bark at first start, but gradually
deepen till it reaches a third or so of the way
through the stem, and is carried about an inch long.
After preparing the graft as already described, it
it should be inserted and bound in firmly in the way
advised for the standards. To furnish the stem of
the Pereskia properly, it is necessary to have the grafts
on opposite sides, and not farther apart than 9 inches,
finishing off with the last on the top, at the height it
is decided the plants are to be. The best season to
work Epiphyllums is during February and March,
although they succeed at almost any time, and may
be done now with the certainty that, if the work is
properly carried out, and the plants cared for, every
scion will grow. The most suitable place for them to
stand, after the grafting has been done, is in a stove,
where they can have a brisk moist heat, and if so
favoured it will not be long before a union is effected ;
but as the hold the grafts take is not very strong they
will require support to prevent displacement or being
knocked out.
Ties made of matting or string soon rot, and to be
safe and more permanent it is better to use wire, to
prevent which cutting a slip of soft leather should
be put between it and the bark. Not only are ties
unenduring, but stakes of wood are the same, and
should never be depended on, for if they give way, as
they are almost sure to do, from the great weight of
the head — their breakage involves the loss of valuable
plants, as the stems of Pereskias will not stand up
alone. Iron rods with branched feet running out
triangularly, and then turned, so as to go down the
insides of the pots, form the best stays, and if painted
with two or three coats are inconspicuous, and will
last without rusting for years. To encourage a free
growth of the plants both a brisk heat and moist
atmosphere are required, and it is as well to afford
slight shade during very bright weather ; but after the
young shoots are formed shade must be entirely dis-
pensed with, or they will not become properly har-
dened and ripened, on which their free-flowering in a
great measure depends. Although fond of a high tem-
perature while growing, Epiphyllums may afterwards
be stood in a moderately cool house, and it is a good
plan to so treat a portion of the stock, as by so doing
the blooming season may be greatly prolonged, and a
succession kept up.
As soon as the beauty of the plants is over they
should be examined to see if any branches are mis-
placed or crowding each other, and if so they ought
to be removed by snapping them out at the joints,
and the same if the plants are too large, as they may
be reduced, after which they soon break again. The
time to repot is immediately after flowering, but as Epi-
phyllums require only a little soil, it is never neces-
sary for them to have much root room at any period,
and if carefully watered they will keep healthy in the
same pots for years. The season when they require
most moisture is when they are growing and bloom-
ing, after which they should be kept rather on the
dry side, as they are of a soft sappy nature, and
any excess of water only makes them more succulent,
and renders them less inclined for free bloom. The
kind of soil Epiphyllums do best in is a sharp fibry
loam, the sand being important to keep it open and
porous. To insure free drainage plenty of crocks
should be used, and it is a good plan to add to the
loam a little charcoal, finely broken, or to have a
sprinkling of crushed bones in its stead.
As to sorts, all the Epiphyllums are brilliant and
beautiful, and every variety is worth growing, but
the most distinct are E. violaceum, E. roseum, E.
tricolor, and E. rubro-violaceum, which make a
grand show. In mild dry heat, which is highly
favourable to a prolongation of the durability of the
blossoms, plants often bear seed, and it is always
advisable to save these and sow, and so raise others,
as it is only in that way that new sorts are obtained.
To get the seed to germinate it should be sown in
fine soil and slightly covered, when if kept close in
moist heat with a sheet of glass over the pan or pot,
it will soon be up and be ready for pricking off to
grow on again till large enough for potting singly in
the smallest of pots. Unlike most other plants,
Epiphyllums are not liable to insects, and it is very
rarely that any are to be found on them, hence they
are among the best of all stove subjects for amateurs
and others to grow, 7« *5".
THE SARRACENIA GRUB.
In the month of June last we received from an
esteemed correspondent in the West of England
specimens of a caterpillar which had done much
damage to some Sarracenias recently imported from
Wilmington, U.S.A. The insects had bored into the
solid roots of the plants, and had formed galleries in
them, or had otherwise eaten out large spaces, form-
ing cavities within the roots, as shown in the subjoined
woodcut (fig. 116), which represents a portion of one of
the roots cut open, showing the large excavations made
by the insect, as well as an oval aperture made through
the outer skin of the root. The caterpillar itself is
represented on the right hand side of the cut, of the
natural size. It is cylindrical, with the usual number
im^^^,^^
Fig. ] 16. —the sarracenia moth.
of six thoracic legs, and eight ventral and two anal
prolegs or claspers. It is rather unusually coloured,
the head being transverse and bright fulvous red, with
the mouth darker chestnut ; the first segment following
the head is fulvous, with a dark blackish patch
(broadest in front on each side), outside of which each
side of the segment is white, with a black dot ; the
second segment is flesh-coloured, with three small
white transverse spots down the middle, and three
darker wrinkles on each side of the centre, with a
black dot on the middle wrinkle, then a narrow pale-
coloured space, the outer lateral part being dirty flesh-
coloured, with three black dots ; the third segment is
dark liver-coloured, with a small pale whitish patch
in the middle in front and one on each side in con-
tinuation of the lateral ones of the preceding seg-
ment ; between these and the central frontal patch
are several minute black dots. The four following
segments are fleshy liver-coloured, the anterior portion
of each having four dorsal and several lateral black
shining tubercles of small size ; the remaining seg-
ments are fleshy liver-coloured, with a narrow central
line down the back and one on each side less distinct,
each segment with four dorsal black tubercles, those
on the twelfth segment being larger and black, the
thirteenth segment is shorter, with only two larger and
black patches (each with a black tubercle) near the
hind margin, and the fourteenth segment is black,
short and transverse.
We did not succeed in rearing the perfect insect
from the caterpillars sent to us, but Mr. Edward
Parfitt, the well known entomologist, of Exeter, was
more fortunate, and has favoured us with the sight of
the very beautiful moth which he reared from one of
the larvse placed in his hands by our correspondent,
from which the accompanying figure was drawn.
The moth proves to be the Gortyna appassionata of
Harvey (in Canadian Entomologist, viii., p. 155,
1876), Mr. Kirby of the British Museum having com-
pared our drawing with a specimen in the British
Museum, which formed part of Mr. Grote's collection
of North American Noctuidre lately purchased for the
national establishment. The moth is here represented
of the natural size ; it is of a fine brick-red colour, the
fore-wings beautifully variegated with paler markings,
the middle portion being of a pale yellow colour.
Near the base of each fore-wing is a pale yellow patch
formed of five little spots. At the distance of one-
third from the base of the wing is a pale narrow
transverse streak followed by three white spots, each
with a minute reddish dot in the middle ; beyond
the middle of the wing, toward the fore margin, is a
large oval white space divided by fine chestnut lines
into small areas, beyond which is a yellow dentated
curved streak, edged on each side with chestnut.
The outer portion of the fore-wing is chestnut brick-
red, with a lead coloured gloss. The hind wings are
uniformly paler brick-red.
In its habits of boring in the larva state into the
solid roots and stems of plants this species agrees
with our English Gortyna fJavago, one of the prettiest
of our English Noctuidae, the larvae of which feed in
the stems of the Burdock and Foxglove. /. O.
Westwood.
FOREST CONSERVATION
AMERICA.
IN
A WRITER in the Nation, treating the subject on
which he speaks as one having authority, points out
that the Government has no more concern in holding
or managing forest property than it has in working its
unoccupied Wheat fields, except so far as forests,
from their peculiar location, are essential to the pre-
servation of the important rivers of the country.
Hence, while the forests in certain of the States may
be exterminated without seriously affecting the nation
as a nation, but only certain individuals, the forests
which guard the flow of great rivers cannot be
destroyed without imperilling the lives and property
of persons living perhaps thousands of miles from the
forest upon which their safety depends. On this
principle the writer from whom we quote recommends
the United States Government to set aside as a forest
preserve some 8000 square miles of mountain territory
absolutely unfit for agriculture or grazing. The dis-
trict in question was visited by an exploring party,
whose route is thus described : —
" They followed the western shore of Flathead Lake,
up the eastern fork of the river of that name, and then,
after innumerable difficulties and the loss of many
animals, crossed the mountains by the old Marias Pass,
one of the highest and most difficult gateways in the
whole continental divide — a journey only once previously
accomplished, so far as is known, by white men. . . The
explorers were well repaid. They found four distinct
ranges of mountains, separated by high lateral valleys —
not one range, as is shown upon exisdng maps ; they
found glaciers, of recent origin and of no great extent, to
be sure, bat important witnesses of an increasing precipi-
tation of moisture in this northern region ; they found a
noble forest, covering valleys and mountain sides, in
which trees of the Pacific coast mingle with those of the
dry interior region of the continent and with others of
the Northern Atlantic woods ; they found a flora re-
markable in the great number of Californian forms which
it contains, and scenery so appaUingly grand that the
continent cannot show its equal. . . The explorers,
standing upon the high peak which surmounts the pass,
looked to the westward down the great gorge of the Flat-
head, breaking through the highest interior range ;
within this gorge Yosemites might be lost. At their feet
were spread three mighty amphitheatres, swept clean of
debris by recent glacial action ; in any of these the popu-
lation of an empire might find room to watch the
manoeuvres of two contending armies. West and north
a panorama of lofty peaks, covered with eternal snows,
and streaked with bright glacier-fed cataracts, was spread
before them. The melting snow upon which they stood
trickled to the east into two little lakes, heads of one of
the most important sources of the great Missouri, and to
the west forming a little cascade, which later reaches the
Pacific down the channel of the Columbia. A little to
the north of their point of observation flowed from these
same mountains the young Saskatchewan."
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
657
RENANTHERA LOWI.
Our illustration (fig. 117), taken from a photo-
grapli kindly furnished us hy Mr. Bergmann, tlie
Director of Baron Rothschild's garden at Ferrieres,
shows the wonderful plant of Renanthera Lowi, grown
by him and exhibited this spring at one of the meet-
ings of the Central Horticultural Society of France.
At the time the photograph was taken there were
eleven flower-stalks, each over 3 yards in length, and
bearing in the aggregate 2S0 flowers. In the original
description of the plant by Dr. Lindley in our
columns (1847, p. 239) it is slated that Mr. Low
found the plant growing on trees in Borneo with 200
horizontally spreading branches, with pendulous
flower-stalks, 10 — 12 Jfeet in length, the individual
flowers supported on mossy stalks, and each about
3 inches across, lemon-yellow in colour, and blotched
but planted with a mixture of Larch, Beech, Pine,
Hazel, Birch, and Oak, will repay the expenses of
planting, rent, and management, during the first ten
or fifteen years, together with compound interest at 5
per cent. The profits of future falls will be as
follows : — In thirteen years, or at twenty-three years'
growth, ^24 loi. per acre ; in the next ihirteen years
(thirty-six years' growth), ^{^39 per acre ; and after that
a triennial profit of /'12 per acre, or /^\ \>tx annum,
until the final felling of the Oak, as timber of the first
class, worth from ^200 to ^^250 per acre. We have
known land in Kent planted with Chestnut for hop-
poles, which paid a great deal more than in the case
brought forward by Mr. Hunter, but its value to rent
was four or five times more than the 5j'. or I0.r. per
acre he mentions. So he may be right, and we all
know that the forestry of Perthshire is unsurpassed — •
Mr. Hunter's book, in fact, is the more valuable from
1872. The next return was made in 1880, when the
results of the recent progress of arboriculture, which
must be manifest to all who know the country, had
raised the area of its plantations, young and old,
to 94,563 acres. Mr. Hunter does not perhaps over-
estimate their value at ^"35 per acre, and as orna-
mental timber is planted ard maintained for love and
not for money, the commercial value of the timber of
the enlarged plantations of Perthshire does not at
all adequately represent the growth of wealth in that
county.
Mr, Hunter enlarges with natural pride on the
Perth Nurseries, laid out in 1766, and recognised as
the immediate source and seed-bed of a great deal of
the fine timber now growing in the surrounding
country. He then takes his readers to Blair Aihole
and Dunkeld, and to the Lady well Nursery, where
the Duke's wood manager, Mr. M'Gregor, showed
Fig. 117. — KENAMHB.RA LOWI: FLOWERS LE.MON-YELLOW WITH CINNAMON ULOTCHES.
with cinnamon. Renanthera Lowi is one of those
species which bear dimorphic flowers — the dilTerence
in form not, as is generally the case, being connected
with sexual differences in the flower, inasrnuch as it
is stated that the two flowers have been fertilised each
by the other {Card. Chron. 1867, p. 292).,
The Woods, Forests, and Estates of Perth-
shire, with Sketches of the Principal Families in
the County. By Thomas Hunter. (Perth :
Henderson, Robertson & Hunter.)
Most beautiful are trees ! — " sylvan scenery never
palls " — and they are profitable too, in Perthshire at
any rate. Mr. Hunter says, in the introduction to his
scattered papers, which are now published, as we
ventured to hope they would be, in the form of a use-
ful and attractive volume, that the tree thinnings of
an acre of land, worth, say, from '^s. to lar. per acre,
its abundant information on the arboriculture of a
county whose woods and forests, as he remarks,
possess " exceptional interest."
There is no doubt that the ancient forests of Scot-
land had fallen into decay, and that Dr. Johnson's
strictures on the scarcity of timber were not without
foundation. It was useless to think of agricultural or
other improvements till after the death of Rob Roy
and the cattle lifters, but as soon as circumstances
permitted, half a century or more after Cromwell's
improved farming, and Sylva Evelyn's planting in the
South, the spirit of improvement spread northwards.
In 1812, Scotland's woods, coppices, and planta-
tions reached 913,695 acres. A vast quantity
of planting had been accomplished in the eighteenth
century, and a slight reaction appears to have then
set in, or perhaps the demands for railways and other
purposes thinned the woods, for in 1872 the area had
been reduced to 734,490 acres. The woods of Perth-
shire must have been largely utilised, for their area
diminished from 203,880 acres in 1812, to 83,525 in
him the management of seed and seedlings on a great
estate. The story of the Larches is again repeated,
and an excellent illustration is given of] the "parent
Larches " on the lawn at Dunkeld, figured in our
columns, 1876, vol. v., p. 209. Glen Tilt is
visited and illustrated, with the Pass of Killiecrankie,
and then follows a very interesting sketch of the
Athole family from early in the fourteenth century to
the present time.
It may be remembered that so far as our
space permitted, we gave a similar sketch in
an account of Blair Athole in these columns. Mr.
Hunter has adopted the same plan, and to his history
of the woods he has added that of the estates and
families connected with them, with many interesting
details of the trees and their surroundings. The
accounts of Menteith, Taymouth, Blair Drummond,
the residence of the well-known improver, Lord
Kaims ; of Drummond Castle and Scone, seem to us
particularly interesting from the introduction of
characteristic history. The Scottish aristocracy, and,
658
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[NOVEMRF.R 24 18S3.
in fact, the nation generally, have left to posterity a
very affluent personal history, both in the past and in
the more recent times. At p. 42S we read of a
certain Alexander Stewart, Lord Badenoch, com-
monly called the " Wolf of Badenoch." His strong-
hold is described, his career— a very active one — is
briefly sketched, and his repentance, death, and
burial in Dunkeld Cathedral are alluded to ; and on
the next page we read of a much more cultivated
Stewart, descended from "the Wolf," as good a
sold e-, but less lawless, known to all as the author of
Skdchcs of the Characters, Manners, and Present
State of the Highlanders, with Details of the Military
Services of the Hii^hland Regiments. The heredity
of genius in Scotland is beyond all doubt. National
and family history never stagnate, and the renown of
an enchanted land lives in the very air, and appertains
to the soil itself. By including the record of departed
worth in his account of the estates of Perthshire, Mr.
Hunter has given to his own county, and indeed to
England, a book of exceeding interest.
Foresters and country gentlemen will find the
numerous measurements of timber trees specially and
permanently interesting, as affording evidence of
rapidity of growth and profit. In these days of
diminished values for the chief products of agriculture,
it is a matter of no small importance to ascertain the
average crop of timber which each kind of tree is
capable of producing in a given time, and the typical
soils for each. There is excellent tree gossip in every
chapter, relating to memorial trees, large and fast-
growing trees, handsome or historical trees, curious
trees, and trees of profit. We should like to quote
the measurements of the largest Walnut in Scotland,
p. 194 ; of the best Holly in Great Britain, p. 495 ;
of the Dunkeld Larches, the Fortingall Yew, and,
above all, of the Oak at Scone, which has made as
much timber within a given time as any tree we have
seen. But we can only speak in general terms of this
very genuine book, which, we have no doubt, will be
widely read.
otufi and
Ipli^auinp.
Hints on the Cdlture of some Rare Cen-
tral American Orchids : Odonloslossum ^ Kra-
meri.—l have several times received complaints as
to the difficulty of cultivating this plant. I think,
therefore, it may be useful to communicate the
observations which I have made on the modus
Vivendi of this lovely and very rare species in its
native habitat, and which will, perhaps, be of all
the more practical value as I cultivated on my own
estate in Costa Rica a number of these plants and
saved them from destruction. In fact, the very re-
stricted and only locality in which they were to be
found was " burnt up" for agricultural improvements,
and, except those which I transplanted, O. Krameri
must be considered as extinct. I have already made
the readers of the Gardeners Chronicle acquainted
with the climate of Costa Rica, and therefore I need
only say that this species grows on the slopes towards
the Pacific Ocean. This means that in summer,
during its growth, one cannot give it too much water,
and the air of the house should be kept as moist as
possible ; but, on the contrary, in the winter it wants
plenty of ventilation— as m.uch as can safely be given
at that perilous season. O". Krameri belongs to that
small category of Odontoglots which require heat,
and the coolest portion of the Cattleya-house wiU suit
it the best. As to light it is very particular : at Costa
Rica, in transplanting them, I lost several, which I
pliced either too much in the light or in the shade.
Here it is the task of the skilful cultivator to find the
degree of light which it requires in this latitude.
When I discovered this plant I noticed that it affected
particularly a horizontal position (I understand the
direction of the axis of most of the bulbs), thus pre-
ferring to grow on the stems of the trees, and very
seldom on theirbranches. Afterwards, when transplant-
ing them, near to my house, I made several experi-
ments. Some I placed more in the light than others,
the greater part I fixed on the trunks and a few on the
horizontal branches of trees. I selected branches
covered with moss, and also some with naked and
smooth bark. In a little time I began to find a marked
difference in the growth of my plants. To the rnossy
or naked stem they showed themselves quite indif-
ferent, such is the humidity of the air in a tropical
forest in the rainy season. But it was quite otherwise
as to their position. The plants I had fixed to branches
in a vertical position (;, e., with the bulbs being more or
less vertical) made a poor growth, and many died after
a few months. The plants attached horizontally to
the trunk of the trees, on the contrary, made very
fine growths, with the exception of a few placed too
much in the light or in the dark. We must conclude,
therefore, that the horizontal position of this plant is
an essential condition of its living ; but as it requires
a great deal of moisture, it would be imprudent to
imitate Nature by attaching the plant simply to a
block of wood with a little moss. I have overcome
this difficulty by placing it on a piece of firm peat,
which I bound with wire to a block. I have done so
in the case of a recently received specimen, and it
seems to like these conditions. Another fact it is im-
portant to know in order to obtain a fine inflorescence.
Their flowering begins in November, with the end of
the rainy season. Some flowers open during the rains,
but those fade and rot the same day. The general
flowering really takes place with the first fine days,
and the fJowers, which open untouched by any drop
of water, invite our admiration by their delicate shades
of colours, especially of the labellum, varying in its
different varieties from almost a pure white to the dark
violet of the Vanda coerulea. We must, therefore, in
cultivating Odontoglossum Krameri stop the watering
and syringing as soon as the inflorescence begins to
form itself, dosing it only when dry, and taking care
that the water does not touch the flower growth. If
growers conform to the singular habits of this plant
success cannot fail.
Odontoglossum CErstedti. — This plant is simply
the alpine form of O. Krameri, the flowers are
smaller, pure white with a golden blotch round the
crest of the lip, but its form is quite the same as that
of O. Krameri. The small, hard, always shrivelled
pseudobulbs, and the narrow leathery leaves indicate
the hard struggle for life which this lovely plant has
to undergo in its native habitat at an elevation of
8000—10,000 feet on the highest slopes and crests of
the Cordillera, where it is exposed all the year round to
frequent tempests and to a very low temperature in
the night. This species grows on the Pacific side,
where there is a dry season, but in this high region
dense fogs occur daily which keep in a constant state
of moisture the moss, &c., which cover thickly all the
trees (which are very dwarf at this altitude), and
between which our gem is comfortably nested, in
such a manner as to be almost invisible to the eye.
From this we conclude that our plant requires
all the year round sufficient humidity, principally at
the roots; and this, connected with plenty of venti-
lation and light, will constitute the most important
factors of its cultivation. As to position, the O.
CErstedti is not so exacting as its cousin Krameri,
and grows as well horizontally as vertically.
Efidendnim Pseudcpidendram. — The culture of
this remarkable plant will not offer any difficulty ;
but as it is almost as rare in its native habitat as in
European collections, a short notice of it will not be
amiss. It belongs to the bulbless section Euepiden-
drum, bearing a few distichous dark reddish-grten
leaves on the top of its slender stems. It varies very
much in height according to circumstances, some plants
growing up to 3 or 4 feet, while others do not reach
I foot, and flower quite as well as the taller ones.
The flowers are of the largest known between
Epidendrums, measuring 3 inches across, but their
most striking merit consists in their quite exceptional
colours. The sepals and petals are very narrow, deep
green, the lip large and broad, brilliant vermilion ;
the column green on the lower, and pink on the
upper half. It wants the same treatment as Epiden-
drum Slamfordianum, i.e., the Cattleya-house, good
shade, plenty of watering, moisture, and ventilation
in summer, but comparative dryness in winter. It
flowers in raid-winter.
Epidendrutn ionocentntm^ Rchb. f. {Card. Chron,,
p. S). — I discovered this species last year in a
locality very difficult to get at. As it is rare in
its native habitat, new, and not known in Europe,
some remarks as to its horticultural value may be
useful. The plant is quite the same as E. prismato-
carpum, only the green of the bulbs and leaves is
somewhat darker. The flowers grow from fifteen to
thirty on each spike, and are very much like those of
the prismatocarpum, but considerably larger in all
those parts ; the| sepals and petals are orange-yellow
without brown spots, the lip of a beautiful light
purple — all the more expressive by a narrow but sharp
margin of orange. In short, the E. ionocentrum sur-
passes by far the old prismatocarpum in all directions —
profusion in flowering, dimension, and brightness of
colour of the flowers. Its culture in summer is the
same as that of E. prismatocarpum, but somewhat
colder, and as it grows in the Cordillera very near the
line of continuous rain, it requires also in winter
periodical waterings. In its home it flowers in May
and June with the first heavy rains. Richard Pfaii,
Chiswick.
Ccelogyne bareata. — This distinct but not
handsome variety is now in flower in Mr. Peacock's
collection. Early last year C. barbata was the subject
of considerable controversy in the Garden, but it is of
little value, in my opinion, and hardly to be compared
with the inconspicuous C. fuliginosa, to which it has
a considerable affinity. It differs from the majority of
its congeners in that the flowers are produced from
the matured bulb (the general rule being flowers pre-
ceding growth), borne five to eight on a long spike ;
the sepals and petals are a dirty white, the column
enfolded by the lobes and with a dull brown labellum
with a character peculiar to itself— J.«., the spikes are
fully a year developing, and retain their freshness for a
considerable time when the flowers have expanded.
The plant has been grown in the intermediate-house,
and is of a coarse impartial constitution, requiring no
special treatment iV. //. Goslling.
I
jjlants and tl^dii |;iltuiii.
Ferneries. — Any contemplated construction of
rockwork, whether in the way of entirely new work
or of additions and alterations, maybe well performed
at this season of the year. Now that there is not
such a pressure of inside work calling for immediate
attention, more time can be conveniently devoted
to it than if left a month or two before being carried
out. Many an odd corner or end of a house, and bare
walls too, may be easily clothed with Ferns and other
suitable subjects ; selections being made with due
regard to the temperature of the structure. There
are, however, several useful plants which are very
accommodating to various temperatures that may
be advantageously employed in unison with Ferns.
Ficus repens is a notable example, Panicum varie-
gatum also, and the forms of Selaginella Kraus-
siana (denticulata) are likewise most valuable for
carpeting bare patches of soil. The stock of
such things as these should therefore be increased
according to the probable demand. The varie-
gated species of Begonia of the B. Rex type do
remarkably well planted out, requiting but little soil
if a moist position can be given them where the roots
can thread their way in any nook and corner within
easy reach. We have had these Begonias retain their
foliage throughout the winter in a fernery that did not
register more than 40° in severe weather.
It is somewhat difficult to give a selection of Ferns
that will suit every case, there are, however, several that
are indispensable — the Nephrolepis, for instance, in any
position where their long pendulous fronds can be
displayed to advantage. OfAdiantums, the hardiest
and most useful are A. Capillus-Veneris, A. pedatum,
A. cuneatum, and A. formosum. The first named
will readily cling to and quickly establish itself on any
damp surface, ^^'e have it in fine condition covering
the Eveater part of the back wall of a small lean-to
house. Large quantities are cut from this stock with-
out any appreciable diminution. A. formosum will
make grand fronds if a fair amount of soil can be
allowed it. We have seen it thriving well just elevated
above a pool of water from which, no doubt, it drew
part of its nourishment. For a wall or other position
that is deemed to be of too dry a nature for most
Ferns, the Davallias of the scandent growing section
will thrive well if a small quantity of peat and moss
can be fixed so that the rhizomes can cling to the same.
In a moist cool niche where the majority of Ferns
even will suffer from an excess of moisture, the filmy
section should be tried and with every prospect of
success. If an end of a house built of brick exists,
and is an eyesore from being bare, there would be a
capital place to have a glass case on purpose for the
better cultivation of Todeas, Trichomanes, and the
Hymenophyllums. Sufficient width should be allowed
for securing projecting ledges of rock or sandstone
on which to plant them. The temperature should
also be about the average of an ordinary greenhouse
for most of the species of Filmy Ferns.
In the construction of new work in a fernery, pockets
or receptacles for soil are under some systems of build-
ing so arranged that it is almost impossible to renovate
NnVFMKFR J4, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
659
the soil at any future time when found to be necessary.
The smallness of the aperture in some instances where
room is allowed for a large quantity of soil behind it
causes much trouble in removing ihe soil when ex-
hausted. The earth in such positions also becomes
soddened and sour sooner than that which is exposed
to the influence of the atmosphere of the fernery.
We prefer to have the greater part of the soil of easy
access, even if a little sacrifice has to be made in the
appearance from a constructor's point of view. The
healthy growth of the Kerns being the great (/t*-
siiUratitin^ such growth will soon hide many blemishes
in construction. Where any amount of cement has
been used, a considerable time should be allowed to
elapse before planting is resorted to ; in the mean-
time the work should be well saturated with water to
draw away as much as possible the noxious ingre-
dients of this material. I have seen failures occur
where this precaution had not been taken : this
should be avoided for the better satisfaction of all
concerned. Good sound peat abounding in fibre
should be the chief component in preparing the soil
for the Ferns. In large masses of soil some pieces
of sandstone may be mixed to keep it from
becoming so close as it might otherwise do. If the
peat is a bit soft and spongy, and likely to quickly
decompose, some fibrous loam should be added, sand
also, as a matter of course, in either case. Where
only a small quantity of soil can be placed, thereby
giving cause for closer attention in watering, some good
moss should be secured to retain more moisture for
the plants in case of need.
Stoves.— Fine- FOUAGED Plants.— Give close
attention to the cleanliness of the stock of these,
which for the next few months will render good
service in making the stove attractive. Black thrips
will soon disfigure the foliage of Crotons, and cause
the plants to be an eyesore for some time to come.
A kind of thrip almost peculiar to Dracaenas, if not
kept in check, will quickly make havoc amongst the
lower leaves of these plants, turning the places
attacked to a greyish colour. Fumigation will check
the pests and effectually rid the plants if repeated
three times in quick succession with strong doses.
This is not always advisable, therefore, unless the
colony is strong, we prefer to syringe large
specimens over the trough, as advised in previous
Calendars. The careful use of the sponge with a
proved insecticide will be preferable in the case of
small stock of decorative size. By this means other
insects will be also cleared off at the same time.
With extra heat in the pipes to keep up the usual
temperature, the propagating pit may be turned to
good account without extra special firing for the
purpose. Some clean bright tops of Crotons can
easily be struck at this season of the year, discarding
the old stools if the stock is not short, and the space
limited, Tall, leggy Draccenas may also be cut up
as with Vine eyes, and the tap-roots the same. A
start will thus be had in extra good time to make the
most of next season. A sharp watch must be kept
amongst the Nepenthes, also with regard to an attack
of thrips, see also that these plants are abundantly
supplied with water at all times, and that the warmest
end of the stove be given ihem. 'James Hudson^ Gun-
nershitry House Gardens^ Nov, 20.
The time has now come to lake up the entire crop of
Seakale : begin at one end of the plantation, and take
out an opening as if for trenching, and with steel
forks turn the ground over to the depth of the subsoil.
By this plan every plant will be taken up, and must be
carefully removed to an open shed, or the root-room,
trimming off the straggling roots to form sets for
next y^ar. The thongs, or sets, are usually made
about 6 inches long, and buried in ashes or spent
Ian in layers, till about the last week in March, when
they will on examination be found starting into growth
and ready for planting. The useable roots of this year,
after being divested of these superfluous roots, should
be bedded-in quite thick, and covered over with litter,
so that they may be conveniently got at periodically
for forcing. Be careful in trenching not to bring
quantities of subsoil to the surface, but rather break
it up and leave it in the bottom of the trench ; but
in digging and trenching at this time of the year the
surface ought to be left rough, for the frosts of
winter to pulverise and sweeten it. This is the best
month of all the year to drain the land, therefore
if any part of the garden is wet let it be seen to
at once, and put the drains down deep enough to
be beyond subsequent cultivation. The autumn self-
protecting Broccoli is now beginning to turn in. Take
up the forwardest and lay them in l)y the heels, or in
some other way protect them in case of severe weather.
Some little care is requisite at this time of the year to
cut the vegetables which are most likely to suffer from
frost. Thus early Coleworts and the first batch of
Savoys will oftentimes be ruined for keeping after
severe frosts, while Kales, Brussels Sprouts, vtc, will
come through unscathed ; therefore, in the meantime,
keep to those which are most likely to be injured.
The Red Cabbage for pickling will now be found in
fine condition for use. Gather Spinach with rather a
niggardly hand, remembering that these beds have to
keep us going for an almost daily supply during five
months ; and bear in mind that Jerusalem Artichokes
do not keep well if dug up and brought indoors. In
case of severe weather it is well to dig up a part of
the Horse Radish bed, proceeding in the same way
as we hive described for Seakale, and taking care
to get up every morsel of root, or else one is con-
stantly annoyed with its cropping up during next
summer. When dug up the roots ought to be put
away and left for a wet day to sort them over — the
small for replanting and the large for use, storing
away in damp sand in the root-room : they will keep
good for six months. If required clear away all stalks
of Cabbage, Broccoli, &c., which have been cut, and
wheel them to the dung-hill to rot, and never be
tempted to dig green vegetable leaves or stalks into
the ground : it reproduces insect life, and is any-
thing but a satisfactory manure in the garden. At
this time of the year it is a good plan to have a
*' burn heap" in some out-of-the-way corner to burn
up sundry things which will not soon decay in the
vegetable heap. It may be kept burning for weeks,
and even turf and soil will burn and be a valuable
dressing for stiff land.
Forcing. — If roots of Seakale and Asparagus
are being forced in pits with hot water pipes, well and
good, but if they are growing in frames on fermenting
materials great care is requisite at first to see that they
do not suffer from a too violent heat. Should such be
likely to take place, remove the linings, and if that
is not enough a few pots of cold water will reduce the
temperature, but that ought to be done only as a last re-
source. Make new Mushroom beds periodically, never
allowing more than a month to elapse before making a
new bed, and be careful, especially at this time of the
year, to see that the manure of which the bed is
formed is not too wet ; take a handful and squeeze it
firmly, and if moisture oozes from it, it is too wet,
and will develops heat sufficient to kill the spawn ;
be careful not to let the bed sink below So* before
the spawn is put in. It is indispensably necessary
also that there should be an open shed in which to
prepare the manure for the beds. The Tomato cut-
tings which were struck some time ago will be better
if potted singly and grown on ready for starting later
on. If another sowing of French Beans is made just
now, Williams' Matchless will be found an excellent
kind for the purpose. Once a week sow Mustard
and Cress, and, as we pointed out last spring, it will
be better not to cover with soil, but a light slate ; it
will come nice and clean in this way, and will be free
from grit in the salad-bowl — a most important thing.
Be prepared with mats or shutters to cover a certain
breadth of Parsley should severe weather come upon us
unexpectedly, and keep a diligent eye for slugs in the
frames planted with Cauliflower and Lettuce, and
keep them as hardy as possible by giving plenty of
air and no water — not even allowing the lights to be
off in showery weather. J. Rust^ Erid^e Castle,
itucumbers.
Add some more soil to the hillocks of late plant-
ings as soon as the roots push through the surface of
the mound, and complete, if not already done, the
landing-up of the first autumn planting, and then lay
on a mulching of horse-droppings, which will not only
prove beneficial to the plants by maintaining the roots
in a more equable condition, but will also act as a
stimulant by its substance being washed to the roots
at each successive watering. These should be copious,
and more or less frequent, according to the special
circumstances of each individual plant or house, and
at a temperature of from 75" to So". By this time it
may reasonably be assumed that the beds, boxes, and
pots in which the plants are growing are well filled
with hungry roots ; and where this is the case, the
drainage good, and the planis are making growth
freely, there need not be any fear of over-watering,
providing they have a bottom-heat of from 75' to So".
Let the day temperature range from 70' to 75",
running up 5" or 10" with sun ; and should there be
any difficulty in keeping up a night temperature of
from do" to 65" in severe weather, cover the house or
pits in which Cucumbers are growing with mats or
other protecting material, by which means the necessary
temperature may be maintained without over-heating the
pipes. Let the usual tying and thinning of the shoots
be attended to when necessary, and see that all super-
fluous fruits are removed forthw^iih as soon as the
required number for sustaining the supply have set.
Maintain a sweet growing atmosphere in the house,
and allow no opaque matter on the glass to prevent
the light from passing through it, //. W, Ji^ard,
LoHi^ford Castle, Wilts,
Peaches an5 Nectarines.
By this time, if the directions already given have
been carried out, the early house will have been
thoroughly cleaned, the trees trained, and everything
made ready for a start, and the house may now be
closed, keeping the temperature at night from 40° (o
45", with a rise by day to 50' or 55°, according to the
outdoor temperature ; with sun-heat it may Ije allowed
to run up to 60° or 65°. Where fermenting material
(composed of leaves and stable manure) can be used,
I have no doubt it is a great advantage, giving ofifa
nice humid heat, and dispensing with fire-heat for
some little time, unless we get very severe weather.
It will require turning over occasionally, to keep it
sweet, on alternate mornings, or every morning if
necessary, adding a little fresh material as the heat
declines. I do not use it here, as our houses are not
adapted for it, and having plenty of hot-water pipes
in the house they only require just warming to keep
up the desired temperature. Syringe the trees, and
damp the paths, borders, and every available surface
with tepid water twice daily, about 9 A.M. and 2 p.m.,
except on very dull days, when the morning syringing
will be sufficient. Give air on all favourable occa-
sions— in fact, a chink may be left on the top venti-
lators day and nighl, or if the ventilators in front
are near the hot- water pipes it may be left on the
front instead of the back. Do not, by any mean?,
over excite them at starting ; a gentle start is much
the best, and old trees that have been forced early for
some years are much more easily excited than young
ones. If the lights have been off this autumn no
water will be required at the roots for the present ;
the heavy autumnal rains we have had will have very
efficiently watered them and soaked them down to
the drainage. If the roots are allowed to grow out-
side they must be protected with a good covering of
dry litter or leaves, but I find for early forcing ihey
are best confined to inside borders ; but in such case
I should always have the sashes movable in order to
be able to take them off in the autumn. The second
house may be finally pruned, cleansed, and trained
when convenient, or when the weather is unfavour-
able for outdoor work ; the same remark applies to
any lifting or root-pruning not yet finished in succes-
sion or late houses. J. H'allis, Keele Gardens,
Nov. 20.
Improved Method of Spraying Tkees for
Protection against Insects (abstract of a paper
read by Mr. C. V. Riley, in Section J., A.A.A.S.,
Minneapolis meeting). — The paper gave a summary
of results obtained from experiments made during the
past two years at the United States Department of
Agriculture. An ordinary barrel is used as a reser-
voir, in which is inserted a force-pump with automatic
stirrer. A long rubber hose extends Irom the pump,
and is attached to the spraying apparatus. The nozzle
has been called the cyclone or eddy nozzle ; its action
carries out new principles of spraying. It is a shallow,
circular, metal chamber, with two flat sides, in the
centre of one of which is a sm.Tll circular outlet. The
fluid is forced into this chamber tangcntially, produc-
ing rapid rotation, and a spray which is ea.ily regu-
lated from a mist scarcely visible to a strong shower.
This nozzle is adjusted to the end ef a Lamboo r( d
(of varying length, according to requirement), through
which the rubber hose has been passed ; or several
nozzles may be attached, in different positions, to the
sides of a stiff metal tube, sufficiently slender to be
handled by the operator, and thrust among the
branches of the tree. By these means, trees from 20
to 30 feet high can be rapidly sprayed without the use
of a ladder. The sut>stances used are either London
purple, i lb., and flour, i lb., in from 40 to 50 gal.
of water; or Paris green, i lb., to the same amount of
flour and wafer ; or petroleum cmuUions, made as
Professor Riley indicated at the last meeting of the
Association. " Siit'ihe," Se/t. 14, 18S3, vol. ij,
66o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 1883.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK,
Monday, Nov. 25
Tuesday, Nov. 27
Wedhesday, Nov. 28
Thursday, Nov. 29 -
Friday, Nov. 30
SATURDAY,
Dec.
' Sales of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' and
Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
■ Chrysanthemum Show in St. George's Hall,
Liverpool,
Special Sale of Flowering Orchids, at
Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Lilies, and other Bulbs, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Sale of Stock, at the Chace Nursery, South-
gate, by Protheroe & Morris.
Sales of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Sale of Lilium auratum Bulbs, at Protheroe
& Morris' Rooms.
' Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens'
Rooms,
Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
Rooms.
Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Sale of Camellias, Azaleas, Roses, &c , at
Protheroe & Morris' Rooms
AMONG forgotten or forsaken industries in
this country is that of gathering Truffles.
Truffle hunters and their dogs are alike extinct.
In the last century, Gilbert White, of Selborne,
living among Beech woods, received a call in
the month of August from a Truffle hunter, who
showed him several large Truffles found that
day. He gave some interesting information to
the effect that Truffles were not to be found in
deep woods, but in narrow hedgerows and the
skirts of coppices. In a thick Beech wood the
mass of roots so entirely occupies the ground,
that nothing can grow. Sometimes, said the
man, the Truffles lie 2 feet under ground, some-
times at the surface, and those that lie deep, he
affirmed, were more easily found by the dogs
than the others, the shallow-lying ones having
little or no smell. The price he asked for his
Truffles was half a crown a pound ; they were
in season in different situations nine months in
the year, and were least abundant in wet winters
and springs.
English Truffles are now as much out of date
as English wine, and for the same reason — the
foreign growth is better, and is more easily
obtained, as somewhat recent experiments in
this country prove. Like the Vine, they were
found only in a few districts, requiring not only
a warm situation, but a soil containing a con-
siderable percentage of lime — 2 or 3 per cent. ;
limestone soils therefore suited the Truffle
best. It is a parasitical plant living on the
roots of trees. It is in fact a tuberaceous
Mushroom, which affects trees through the
necessities of its growth, requiring, as it does, a
large amount of phosphoric acid and of potash,
which are supplied in the decay of the leaves
annually shed from the trees. In England it
is found among the Beech woods of the
chalk formation in Surrey, Sussex, Hants,
and a few other disticts, and thus it was erro-
neously supposed to affect Beech trees only ;
but in France it is found on several limestone
formations, and in connection with several sorts
of trees, especially the Chestnut, Pine, and Oak.
M. Chatin, a learned authority on the Truffle
and on agriculture, has published an e.xhaustive
work on these vegetables from their germination
to their appearance in a Perigord pie ! Their
growth, as a marketable crop, is exceedingly
slow, and although the Truffle harvest of France,
reaped chiefly in a few districts of the South
(though the Truffle is found in fifty departments),
yields 3,500,000 lb. in weight, the growers
receiving for it ^400,000, and the retailers
;£i,ooo,ooo ; still the crop is of Nature's plant-
ing and production, and it has not yet become a
subject of cultivation. A good dog, or still
better a sow, getting only a chestnut or acorn
by way of wages for each find, will enable the
hunter of the vegetable to bag 10 or 12 lb. in
one day in a good district, and these are worth
£1 on the spot, and £a, or ^5 in New York,
London, Paris, or St. Petersburg. M. Chatin
enlarges both on the dogs and pig, of Peri-
gord. They are indispensable, and the latter
are the most useful, being trained not
merely to find the Truffle but to uproot it
and turn it out with their strong snouts, or lay
it bare as their previous education may direct
them. Dogs are chiefly used in Provence, and
their obedience and acuteness are equal to
that of the pigs, and their noses are almost as
good, but they lack the faculty for uprooting the
game. Each animal will scent the Truffle from
a considerable distance, lead the hunter to it,
and stand to it, staunch as a pointer to a bird
or hare, till the order is given to advance and
take possession.
It is thought in France that Truffle growing
might be extended like fruit growing in Eng-
land. Some say that ten times as many Truffles
might be grown. The difficulties, however,
seem great. M. Chatin has not found the
spores of this Mushroom very manageable. The
black Truffle of Perigord ripens in October and
remains in season through the winter. In the
early spring it decomposes and the germs are
set free and become mixed with the soil, ready
for reproduction, after the manner of Crypto-
gams of this class. White filaments are formed
which accumulate into a mass, and from this my-
celium the Truffles grow, but, says M. Chatin,
the tubers are incubated from this filamentous
body only after a lapse of several years. The
saying, " No trees no Truffles," indicates the
position of their growth, and the experience of
the Hampshire Truffle hunter, that he found
them on the borders of copses and hedge-
rows rather than in deep woods, indicates
with accuracy some of the conditions of
their growth. They require a light, dry
soil, full of vegetable matter, and manured
by the fall of leaves, but they are crowded
out, like other vegetation, when the wood grows
dense. Truffles accordingly are not found in
young woods less than from six to ten years
old, and the woods usually become too dense for
them at thirty or forty years old. M. Chatin
recommends the culture of the crop, and feels
certain it would pay. He would plough the
ground between the rows of young trees in a
newly formed plantation, and plant the " tubers "
in rows 2 yards apart, growing grain on the
same ground for three or four years. In about
six or eight years he would e.xpect an abundant
Truffle harvest. Assisted by the pigs he would
go on reaping a crop from year to year, till it
might be necessary to begin upon the trees,
thinning the timber for the sake of the Truffles 1
We shall hope with M. Chatin that the supply
of Truffles may be increased tenfold, though
undoubtedly the difficulties of cultivation are
greater than in the case of Mushrooms, for
reasons which are obvious.
Syagrus botryophora. — This Palm, some-
times called Cocos botryophora, and sometimes
C. plumosa, is one of the most beautiful of all Palms.
It is a native of the Amazon region, but grows also on
the Coast of Brazil. Its graceful trunk, which attains
a height of 50 — 60 feet, is marked with rings at more
or less regular intervals ; the leaf-stalks are destitute
of spines, but have a fibrous wrap at the base. The
leaves themselves form a crown at the top of the
stem, each being about 9 — 10 feet long, spreading
elegantly, curved, and dividing into numerous linear
acuminate quite glabrous pinnae. The trunk furnishes
timber, the leaves are used as thatch, but the fruits
are tasteless. It is not a common Palm in cultiva-
tion, few establishments being large enough for its
requirements. Our illustration (fig. iiS)is taken from
a specimen growing in the Botanic Garden, Cape
Town, and was obligingly sent to us by the Director,
Mr. M'OwAN.
The Week.— The death of Sir William
Siemens removes from us a striking exemplar of a
type that if Great Britain is to prosper she must endea-
vour to multiply— we mean men thoroughly versed in
abstract scientific principles, but capable of applying
them to practical ends. Sir William was the first
in this country to apply the electric light as an agent
in forcing, and the first to produce Strawberries
ripened under its influence. His other experiments
were recorded in these pages at the time, and it is to
be hoped that a successor may arise to carry them on
with method and persistency. — A new edition of
Curtis' farm Insects has been issued by Mr, Van
Voorst. Great part of the work appeared in the
early numbers of this journal, and it still constitutes
the basis upon which subsequent writers have founded
their work. — As mentioned elsewhere the new Potato
is new in name only, though we are not aware whether
it has been introduced into cultivation before. Mr.
Baker has in hand a monograph of the tuber-forming
species of Solanum, which will shortly be read before
the Linnean Society.— The Hellebore question still
excites attention ; the flowers sent to us by Mr,
Brockbank were white, with a light shade of rose
almost as figured in Reichenbach's Flora Germania:,
It is, however, not worth while disputing about
the colours of flowers, still less about that of
particular individual specimens : there is no doubt
that Mrs. DuFFiELD reproduced what she saw with
her usual accuracy. The question really is. What is
the colour of an average specimen of Helleborus
altifolius? We may return to the subject on a future
occasion, when we hope to publish an illustration of
the plant. — While speaking of the colour of flowers
we may mention that Mr. Maw, who was accom-
panied by a son of the Rev. C. WoLLEY DoD, has
found Narcissus viridiflorus in considerable quantities ;
no doubt it is often overlooked among the grass. It
needs the light to fall in a particular direction to
enable the observer to see the flowers. — The St,
Petersburg International Exhibition and Botanical Con-
gress is announced to take place in the coming springj
— The specimens of Cephalotaxus fruits (properly
seeds, but so like fruits that the term may pass) shown
from the garden of the Rev. J. Goring revive an old
question, unsettled for want of material, as to the
number and points of distinction between the so-
called species of this genus. We shall have more
to say about it on a future occasion. — The first volume
of the new Encycloptsdia Americana — a work des-
tined to supplement the Encyclop<sdia Britannica, and
with special reference to American requirements — has
just been published. The botanical articles are con-
tributed by Professor Meehan and Dr. ROTHROCK.
— The election to the vacant Professorship of Botany
in the University of Oxford will take place early in
the coming year. We do not see at present any pro-
vision made for the Chair of Rural Economy, also
vacant ; but we trust that arrangements will be made
to fill a chair which in the present day is one of
paramount importance. Formerly the Sibthorpian
Professorship was held with that of Botany, but
hitherto it can hardly be said that the results have
been commensurate with the importance of the
subject.— Constant complaints reach us as to the
vexatious restrictions to horticultural commerce, espe-
cially as regards importations to Germany. We have
spared no pains in this matter, publicly and privately.
It is for those immediately concerned now to take
action. The question is — Is it worth while for Great
Britain to enter the Berne Convention, or is it not ?
Miss Eleanor Ormerod's course of ten
lectures on farm insects will be delivered before the
pupils of the Institute of Agriculture in the lecture-
room of the Natural History Museum, South Ken-
sington, from December 3 to December S inclusive,
at II. 15 A.M.
The National Rose Society. — A special
meeting of this Society will be held at the rooms of
the Horticultural Club, 13, Henrietta Street, Covent
Garden, on Wednesday next, at 3 P.M., to decide
what exhibitions shall be held in the coming year.
LucoMEE, Pince & Co. — The old estab-
lished business of Lucomee, Pince & Co., of Exeter,
so long carried on by Dr. Woodman, has been pur-
chased by Mr. Samuel Eliott, lately manager of
the business, who intends to carry it on under the
old style and title.
A Yellow Petunia. — Those who are in the
habit of raising Petunias from seed have not failed to
detect from time to time the appearance of lemon
and yellow tints. Especially has this been noted in the
Continental race of large flowered Petunias. Under
the most undesirable name of Petunia grandiflora super-
bissima intus aurea, a German raiser is introducing a
yellow giant Petunia ; the flowers, which are concave,
"showed deep yellow veined and spotted cups," re-
sembling a Salpiglossis. The margin of the flower is
broadly yellow, and somewhat fimbriated. Whether
it will prove to be a valuable novelty or not remains
to be seen ; but English growers have some reason to
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, — 'i^oym.m.-& 24, 1883.
Fir, llS — bVAGKL'S BOTKViU'HORA IN IHE CAl'E TOWN BOTANIl' GARDEN. (SEE r. 66o )
be a liltle chary of praise of so-called Continental of adding some deserving novelties to an existing have here plants in such a condition, and carrying
novelties. collection. Mr. Laing's selection from the many such medium-sized blooms, as would more than
French ones sent over includes most of the brilliant gratify the wishes of the unambitious grower, be he
Messrs. J. Laing and Co.'s Nursery.— coloured kinds it has been customary to see in winning amateur growing his plants, or professional gardener.
The display of Chrysanthemums here has been good, stands at the biggest metropolitan shows. Although Without giving an uninteresting array of outlandish
and is still deserving of inspection by any one desirous not finding such enormous blooms as at these, we names of most varied nationality, and which are to be
662
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 1883.
found in the pages of the catalogues of the trade
growers, we will merely draw attention to two or
three Japanese varieties, which as yet have not been
seen at any show of this year. The sorts are of
French origin, which will be a tolerably safe assurance
that here will be found something brilliant in colour-
ing, if still resembling better known kinds in general
outline. Mons. Deville is a tasselled, thread-like
petalled bloom, of a rich brown-crimson ; Mons.
Astorg, a white and crimson velvet, a very pretty
late-flowering, crimson refle.\ed sort — not hailing from
Gallic shores. A pretty Begonia of a rosy-pink hue
was seen profusely decked with blooms, and having
neat small foliage ; it is named Fanny Girron, and is
of Continental origin. Begonia Bruanti, a free bloom-
ing white kind, the flowers being small, general aspect
like B. multiflora, but with more attenuated growth,
was finely in bloom. These two varieties, which are
not tuberous, should prove welcome plants for autumn
and winter use.
The Slough Auriculas.— Perhaps no
better illustration is to be found than in Mr. Turner's
nursery of the great value of a special society, when
it is carried on solely for the purpose of promoting
the more extended cultivation of some favourite, or,
it may be, some neglected flower. When the culti-
vation of the Auricula by amateurs had but a few
years ago fallen to a low ebb a few frames would have
held the winter stock that Mr. Turner thought it
prudent to keep, whereas the winter quarters of the
Slough plants now is a substantial span-roofed
structure, which holds no less than 5000 plants, large
and small — the show sorts on one side, the aipines
on the other, and both the picture of health,
quietly entering into that period of rest which pre-
cedes the glorious bloom in spring. This and more
is due in a marked degree to the good work carried
on by the National Auricula Society, since the estab-
lishment of which the number of growers has been
very largely augmented if the prizes it offers have
been taken by a comparative few.
Mr. Bruce Findley has, we are sorry to
hear, been so unfortunate as to meet with a serious
accident. On Monday week he fell down in the road
near to his house at Old Trafford, and has been con-
fined to his bed since. On Thursday we heard that
his health was improving, and good hopes are enter-
tained that he will soon be able to attend to business
again.
The Professor of Botany at Oxford-
— The Sherardian Professorship of Botany is vacant,
and an election to the office will be held in the course
of Hilary Term. The duty of the Professor is to
lecture and give instruction in botany. He will also
have charge and supervision of the botanical garden,
and of the botanical collections belonging to the
University ; and it will be part of his duty to make
such garden and collections accessible to and avail-
able for the instruction of students attending the
lectures. A Fellowship in Magdalen College is now
attached to the Professorship. The Professor will be
entitled to the emoluments derived from the benefac-
tion of W. Sherard, Doctor of Civil Law, and
assigned to the Professorship, and also to the emolu-
ments appropriated to the Professorship by the
statutes of Magdalen College. The combined emolu-
ments of the office from these sources will be ^^500
a year. The Professor will be subject to the statutes
of the University in regard to the Professorship, and
to the statutes of Magdalen College in regard to the
Fellowship. The Professor will also receive i^20o
a year out of the common University fund, provided
that he conform to the particular regulations to which
the Professors enumerated in Schedule C (see Com-
iinssioncrs^ Statutes^ p. 452) are subject. A residence
is provided lor the Professor in the garden, rent-free.
Candidates are requested to send to the Registrar of
the University their application, and also any docu-
ments which they may wish to submit to the electors,
on or before Saturday, January 26, 1SS4.
Cochineal Culture in Teneriffe. — The
diminution in the cultivation of cochineal in Tene-
riffe is thus alluded to in a recent report from that
island. The prices at which it is now selling will not
cover the cost of its production, and according to the
opinion of those experienced in such matters not more
than half the crop of former years may for the future
be expected. The cultivation of the Sugar-cane and
the production of sugar and rum is now considered a
settled matter. Tobacco also is progressing by slow
degrees, and the quality is gradually improving. The
best way to increase the culture of this article, it is
stated, is to buy it in its green state from the growers,
so that the small producers who cannot afford to wait
the time required for its preparation may thus have an
opportunity of converting it into cash as soon as they
cut the leaf, for which purpose a drying-house is being
constructed.
Ginger Fungus. — If for Ginger we substi-
tute Pepper we have the Swedish Pepperling, the
Lactarius piperatus, which is certainly poisonous occa-
sionally, though it is largely consumed in Russia,
pickled in salt and vinegar. There is, however,
another fungus which may possibly be intended,
which though sold in the markets in some parts of
Germany under the name of Halimasch is generally
avoided in this country. Dr. Badhaji says of it : —
"This is a nauseous, disagreeable fungus however
cooked ; few would make a second attempt or get
dangerously far in a first dish. When eaten raw it
has a disagreeable effect on the throat, which alone
would dissuade further attempts at utilising it, and
the ringless form with decurrent gills, called by Fries
A. ectypus, and well figured in Morgan's Mycologic
Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio, under the name of
A. monadelphus, has precisely the same effect, which
made Badham consider it a mere variety. Without
an opportunity of inspecting specimens, it is of course
doubtful what the exact species may be which proved
fatal. M. J. B.
Fruits at the Royal Aquarium.— The
necessarily compressed report of the recent show at
the Royal Aquarium prevented that full reference to
the fine collections of Grapes, Apples, and Pears
then brought together, and it is but lair that full
acknowledgment should be made to the executive of
the exhibition for the excellent opportunity thus given
for the gathering together of such samples. Both
with fruits and with vegetables ample evidence was
afforded that if a truly national competition in these
things could be organised in association with Chrysan-
themums in November that a truly grand display
would result. Grapes were marvellously good for the
time of the year, and Mr. Roberts' fifteen bunches
in six kinds would have won almost anywhere. Mr.
Austin had but six kinds in his twelve bunches, but
all first-rate samples. It was to be deplored that
such a great difference should have existed in
the value of the prizes, as the drop from ^10 to ^3
is out of all proportion to the respective quality of the
exhibits, and it is to be hoped that the shortcomings
of the Borough of Hackney's management will not be
repeated by the executive of the " National " society.
A better, handsomer, or more richly coloured lot of
dessert Apples than was staged at this show has
seldom been seen, and it is unfortunate that the
judging in the class provoked so much adverse com-
ment; but without doubt in the lit prize award a
mistake was made. The kitchen kinds were grand
samples, and Mr. Haycock's six dishes would have
won in any competition, whilst his six dishes of
Pears resembled those splendid samples which,
coming from Jersey, used to provoke so much dissatis-
faction from some at South Kensington whilst they
extorted so much admiration from on-lookers. The
general collections of vegetables were all good —
better could hardly have been found — and the Potatos
were excellent. Remembering that the prizes through-
out were few, and not large in amount, it must be
admitted that no finer display of fruits and vegetables
could have been obained at less cost.
Gardeners' Mutual Improvement So-
ciety. — The Shropshire gardeners and lovers of
horticulture are taking steps to establish a mutual
improvement society in Shrewsbury, if possible under
the auspices of the Shropshire Horticultural Society ;
but if that cannot be arranged, as an independent
society, similar to the one mentioned last week on
p. 628. They see that it will not do to be left be-
hind in the race of improvement, and to remain un-
inlormed on the modern teachings of science so far as
these bear on the practical work of their profession.
They will be glad of any hints from those who know
anything of the organisation of such a society.
Carnation Miss Joliffe.— The raiser and
introducer of this fine and useful variety (if distinct
entities) deserve the gratitude of all lovers of winter
flowering plants. We have just seen at Mr. H. B.
Smith's nursery at Ealing Dean a large number of
plants of great size, from two to four and five years
old, mainly in 7-inch pots, the plants 12 to 18 inches
in height, crowded with healthy flowering wood, and
blooming freely — in fact, it is a variety that may be
said to flower all the year round. The plants appear
to renew themselves, and so in course of time make
good bushy specimens ; and being an excellent
grower there is always an abundance of flowering
wood. The colour of the flowers being a warm pink,
they give a colour acceptable at this season of the
year ; they are of medium size, compact, and full,
and most useful in bouquets and various ways,
Thunlergia grandiflora.— All the species
of this genus are easy of cultivation in a stove, and
the greater number are so moderate in their respective
requirements as to house-room that a low span-roofed
structure affords sufficient length of rafter for the
proper development of their climbing stems, as it is
only then we can calculate upon a fair amount of
bloom. The species under notice, now flowering in
the stove at Kew, appears inclined to bloom in a com-
paratively small state, as flowers are produced in
axillary and terminal clusters on stems ranging from
2 feet upwards. Although recently received from
Madras it is an old introduction, having originally
been brought from the East Indies in 1820. The
roughly toothed or angled leaves resemble those of
T. coccinea, while the pale lavender flowers with
darker lines on the lower lip refer more directly to T.
laurifolia, a taller sort, with stronger and more woody
stems. It was figured long ago in the Botanical
Magazine, 2366,
Sweet Pea Adonis. — This is a charming
and distinct new variety, included among Messrs.
Carter & Co.'s floral novelties for 1884. It is a
self-coloured flower, of a bright rosy-carmine, or deep
pink hue ; very pleasing indeed, and forming an
excellent contrast to the Invincible Scarlet, pure
white, and other self-coloured flowers. When a visit
was made to the St. Osyth Seed Farm during the
summer this fine Pea was seen to the best advantage,
and it may be considered as one of the most interest-
ing and valuable floral introductions of the year.
Osmanthus feagrans. — Although by no
means remarkable for the beauty of its flowers, it pos-
sesses, nevertheless, an attraction for all lovers of
conservatory or greenhouse plants in the delicious
fragrance that pervades the whole house in which it is
flowered. Indeed, so strong is the perlume, and so
insignificant the clusters of white flowers, that one
unacquainted with the plant would have some diffi-
culty in detecting from whence the odour came.
Forming as it does a low evergreen bush with leathery
serrate leaves, it is at all times admissible as an occu-
pant of a cool-house ; and even if house-room could
not be granted in summer-time, it could be stood out-
of-doors along with other hard-wooded subjects.
Perhaps it is more widely known under the name of
Olea fragrans ; and its congener, O. ilicifolius, with
the related species of Phillyrea, are well known hardy,
or nearly hardy, shrubbery border plants. It is
figured in the Botanical Magazine, and flowers during
the autumn months.
Stenotaphrum or Reineckea varie-
gata. — Under this name, Mr. H. B. Smith has,
during the past summer, grown in large quantities a
very attractive variegated plant, of close grass-like
growth, the foliage charmingly variegated with creamy
yellow and pale green — a hardy herbaceous plant, in-
troduced from Japan in 1S62. It is evergreen, of a
tufted growth, and appears to strike very freely from
cuttings. It commands a ready sale in the market,
and Mr. Smith has this season propagated it largely
for this purpose. It is an excellent plant for baskets,
and promises to be most useful for bedding purposes.
At this season of the year, and grown in a little heat,
it has a charming appearance, and therefore can be
made of great service for house decoration.
The New Potato.— Referring to the Potato
mentioned under the name of Solanum Ohrondii, at
p. 596, Mr. Baker has pointed out to us that the
species is, in all probability, identical with the Sola-
num Commersoni of PoiRET. This plant formed the
subject of comment by Sabine many years ago, and
a description and figure of it were given in the fifth
volume of the Transactions of the Hortictiltzirat
November 24 1SS3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
663
Socicly of London, November 19, 1822. Sir Joseph
HoOKElt in the Flora Anlarctica reduces it to a form
oi S. tuberosum. It will be remembered that tubers
received from Chile under the name of Papas or
Maghias were tried at Chiswick years ago, but it is not
clear that the tubers of Solanum Commersoni have
been introduced to cultivation before.
Summer Flowers in November. — The
weather in some portions of Scotland must be very
mild lor this advanced period of the year, if we may
form an opinion about it from a collection from twenty-
eight different summer-blooming plants sent to us
from West Kilbride Gardens, Ayrshire. There were
some Uoses still retaining enough traces of perfume
to remind us of the Rose month ; Cornflowers, Sweet
Teas, Nasturtiums, Lupins, Linum rubrum. Ten-
week Stocks, Fuchsia Rose of Castile, and a sort like
F. Riccartoni, Godetia The Bride, Mignonette,
Eschschollzia, striped Marigolds, Iberis sempervirens,
Chrysanthemum segetum. Love Lies Bleeding,
Gladiolus, Pansy, Myrtle, Escallonia macrantha,
almost ripe fruits of the Strawberry tree, &c. The
collection was large enough and varied enough to
have made a very pretty nosegay, had they not been
so much knocked about on their long journey from
the North.
St. Petersburg International IIorti.
CULTURAL E.KHUUTION.— It will be remembered
that this exhibition was originally designed to be held
during the present year, but that owing to the coro-
nation of the Czar it was deemed advisable to post-
pone it till 1884. All the arrangements previously
made remain in force, and all communications should
be addressed to Dr. Regel, Botanic Garden, St.
Petersburg. As there is to be no International in
London next year, and that of Paris is not to take
place till 18S5, the ground is open to our Russian
friends, and, judging from what they did before, their
prospects of success are very good.
The Slough Nursery.— Mr. Turner's
grand collection of Chrysanthemums has provided his
neighbours with something else to talk about besides
" the meet at Salt Hill " and the doings of the local
pack of harriers, the display being so much in advance
of anything seen at Slough in any other month of
November. The exhibition was thrown open to the
public one day last week, and over 5000 visitors
passed through the three show-houses without a plant
being injured. The large show-house is completely
filled with Japanese varieties, an exhibition in itself of
a novel and pleasing character. The show sorts and
pompons find a congenial home in the large Camellia-
house and the long span-roofed Rose-house, and a
wonderful lot of plants they are, clothed with ample
and vigorous foliage to the rims o( the pots, and carry-
ing flowers of a size and substance, combined with
brightness of colour, that one very rarely sees. The
collection includes about 3000 plants, while the num-
ber of sorts cultivated is about 200 — the best that can
be obtained. To specify names would be an act of
supererogation where all are good, and we will there-
fore conclude with a "wrinkle." The flowers of
some early blooming white varieties having been cut,
the stems were shortened back, and the plants kept in
a warm greenhouse, instead of being putoutside'when
done with, with the result that the low buds are all
now breaking, and every one producing a flower, thus
providing another crop of blossoms, which, if small,
will not be despised in a week or two's time.
International Exhibition, 1S84. — The
directors of the Crystal Palace Company, London,
will hold at the Crystal Palace an International Exhi-
bition of Arts, Manufactures, and Scientific, Agricul-
tural, and Industrial Products. The Exhibition will
open on April 3, 1S84, and will be kept open for a
period of six months from the date of opening. The
following are some of the regulations published : —
" Application for space, with full particulars of the
intended exhibit, must be made at the office of the
Executive Commissioner or official agents before Febru-
ary I, r884. Necessary forms and all information may
be obtained of the Executive Commissioner or any of the
official agents.
" The ordinary charge for space inside the Palace will
be 2J. per square foot, but with nationalities or colonies
requiring more than rooo square feet special arrange-
ments will be made. Exhibitors desiring a frontage to
any main avenue for their cases can obtain it on payment
of an additional 2s. 6t/. per foot for such frontage, irre-
spective of depth ; but in cases wlicre the space applied
for exceeds 300 square feel, frontage will be given with-
out extra charge, A passage of from 2 to 3 feet will be
left round each case where desired, and exiiibilors desir-
ous of having spaces against the wall sliould mention the
fact at the time of application, .Space in the grounds
will be let for is. per square foot, exhibitors undertaking
to make good any surface damage after the close of the
Exhibition, All applications must be accompanied by
payment of the full amount for the space required, except
in the case of exiiibitors applying for more than roou
S(]uarc feet, with whom special arrangements can be
made,
" The general reception of articles in the I'^xhibition
buildings will conmience on March i, and cease one
week before llie opening, after which date no exhibits
can be received.
" The awards will consist of — rst, diploma of honour ;
2d, diploma for gold medal ; 3d, diploma for silver
medal ; 4th, diploma for bronze medal ; 5th, diploma
for honourable mention. Every diploma for medal will
be accompanied by an otficLal medal of bronze,
" These rewards will be apportioned, on the reports
of juries, to the exhibitors whose contributions are pro-
nounced to be of incontestable superiority.
"Articles may be sold during the currency of the
Exhibition, but cannot be removed without the special
permission of the nranager of the Crystal Palace."
Gcor'^c Collins Levey, Executive Commissioner, 19
and 21, Queen Victoria Street, London ; G. Gordon
Cleather, Manager, Crystal Palace, S.E.
Orchids in Flower in the City.— It may
interest a good many City men, who admire and
grow Orchids, but who cannot spare the time to visit
collections further away, to know, that on Tuesday
next, between eleven and half-past 12 o'clock, there
will) be a most interesting display of Orchids in
flower St the Central Auction Rooms in Cheapside,
after which the plants will be sold under the hammer
by Messrs. Protheroe & Morris. Similar exhi-
bitions and sales will be held on the last Tuesday
of every month in the year.
OiiERONiAiRiDii'OLiA.—Toacasual observer
this singular looking plant in general appearance has
little or nothing in common to suggest the idea of its
being an Orchid. The fleshy sword-shaped leaves are
arranged in a distichous manner, and may not inaptly
be compared to those of an Iris, as the specific name
implies ; but these leaves, together with the small
spicate greenish-yellow or amber-coloured flowers, are,
on the whole, so imitative of an Aroid that any one
unacquainted with the plant might easily be excused
for mistaking it as such. As a matter of course,
an examination of its floral organs will at once
settle its identity of relationship with the Orchids.
This curiosity is to be seen in the cool Orchid-house
at Kew, and there is a figure of it in the Botanical
Magazine, t. 4517. It has received various names of
different authors, being known as the Cymbidium
iridifolium of Roxburgh, and the Malaxis ensiformis
of S.mith.
Chrysanthemum Propagation.— It has
been said that the Chrysanthemum season commences
in December and ends in November. Years ago
cuttings were generally struck in January, so as to
atiord the earliest plants ; now, with the growth of
varieties and the extension of collections, it is neces-
sary to begin a little earlier, and a commencement is
made by December. Where large numbers of cuttings
are required it is common to make up a bed of sandy
soil in a cold frame, and to prick the cuttings out much
the same way as one would Calceolaria cuttings. In
the case of select collections it is the best and safest
plan to put the cuttings singly into small pots, say,
small 6o's, placing them in a cold frame, and keeping
them a little close for several days if the weather is
cold and drying. They should be examined to see
if damp is attacking them if the weather is damp and
"muggy." When the plants are rooted they will do well
in a cold frame, protected from frosty winds, and they
will be all the better if they are prevented from
becoming frozen. Really, unless there is ade-
quate convenience for striking cuttings it is well
to purchase a collection of rooted cuttings in
spring. There are certain trade growers who
lay themselves out to provide collections of these,
either of their own selection or the purchaser's, and the
leading varieties can be had at a comparatively
moderate cost. This fact is enough to induce many
who have not attempted the culture of the Chrysan-
themum in pots to commence doing so. It is a plant
that is almost entirely grown in the open air when
cultivated in pots, and so but little glass accommoda-
tion is required, except at blooming lime ; and even
then, in default of anything better, a rude structure
will be found sufficient to ward off wind, rain, and
frost. Only a few days ago we saw a bed of pompon
Chrysanthemums in the open ground that were
supeibly bloomed, and sheltered by means of some
uprights with mats placed round them on the windy
side, and thatched hurdles on the top at night and in
hot weather, and when frost threatened. Of late
years we have had the enjoyment of fine open autumns,
and these are always favourable to the well-being of
the Chrysanthemums. And now-a-days many humble
cottage gardens are aglow with Chrysanthemums
during the months of October and November.
Messrs. Carter &. Co.'s Nursery.— One
of the special articles of cultivation at this suburban
nursery is the Primula sinensis in all its known varie-
ties. Here can be found in the proper season for
flowering great numbers of plants in all the infinite
variety of colours that the florist delights to find and
to attach a name to. The tints are ever-varying in
their intensity, or the reverse, whilst the forms so far
adhere pretty closely to what they have been for a
decade or more years past. They are pretty autumn
and winter flowers, but we fear they are engaging the
attention of gardeners to the exclusion of variety in
other plants, and therefore tend, together with
Cinerarias, to give the average British greenhouse
an irritating monotony of effect. There is a nice
display of Chrysanthemums of nearly all sections of
this flower, in a long temporary shed, whose open
front faces the public road, so that those who run
may see. Owing to the cool night air and the
perfect ventilation at all times, the plants look fresher,
retain their foliage better, and do not sufter from the
effects of damp and drip as plants do in some green-
houses, temporary or otherwise.
The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Nov. 19, issued by the Meteorological
Office, London : — The weather at the opening of
the week was generally fine and dry, but afterwards
became very changeable, squally and rainy. Hail,
snow, and sleet showers were experienced at many of
our norlh-western and northern stations, and in some
places were accompanied by thunder and lightning.
The temperature has been slightly above the mean in
"Ireland, S,," but from 1° to 3° below it in all other
districts. The maxima, which were generally
registered on the iSth, varied from 47° in " England,
N,E."to 57" in "Ireland, S." The minima were
recorded during the earlier days of the period, and
were rather low in all places, ranging from 20° in the
"Midland Counties," 21° in "England, N.W.," and
22° in "Ireland, W." to between 23° and 30° else-
where. The rainfall has been about equal to the
nean in "Scotland, E.," and a little less in
" England, N.E.," but in all other districts an excess
is shown. Bright sunshine, except in the southern
and south-western parts of England and Ireland, has
been less prevalent than during last week — the per-
centages of possible duration ranging from 14 in
"England, N.E.," 17 in "Scotland, W," and iS in
"Scotland, E.," to 35 in "England, S.," 37 in
"England, S.NV.," and 3S in "Ireland, .S." De-
pressions observed : — At the commencement of the
period barometric pressure over the United Kingdom
was comparatively high and uniform. While a de-
pression existed over the Baltic. By the nth, how-
ever, the conditions had changed, and during the re-
mainder of the week some large depressions passed in
an easterly direction to the northwards of Scotland,
while several subsidiary disturbances travelled across
our islands. The wind, which at first was light or
moderate from the north or north-eastward, subse-
quently blew from between south and west, and at
times increased to the force of a gale. On the 17th,
during the passage of a small depression over central
England, the gale at some of our southern stations was
very severe.
TRADE MEMORANDUM.
The inquiry made at p. 592 for the present address
of Mr. A, J. Curtis, who lately resided at 45, Lower
Essex Street, Birmingham, has brought us, from an
obliging correspondent, evidence that so late as the
14th inst. a Mr. A. Bloomfield dated a communica-
tion from 12S, King Edward's Road, Birmingham,
the handwriting of which seems undistinguishable
from that of one signed A. J. Curtis, at the first
address mentioned.
664
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 18
Jio/vif: j!!!oRRE3POjMDEjHCf:.
[" Double Grafting. — Some time ago I sent you an
account and drawing of the difference of the Daron-
deau Pear from the ordinary type, it being grafted on
General Todtleben, which variety was grafted on the
Quince. I then showed that the size was much in-
creased, and the colour and flavour altered, the red
having disappeared, leaving the fruit a light orange,
and the flavour being much more mellow. This new
character is borne out up to the present, the large
size, though not altering the shape of most of the fruit
from the Durondeau, though the variation in the way
of flavour is still apparent. [A handsome specimen
received with this letter bears out the statements here
made. Ed.] I now send you drawings of three Apples
{fig. 119); they are all the Duchess of Oldenberg.
A is the Duchess grafted on the early Strawberry,
which was grafted on the Quince. The effect of this
was a pleasant surprise, the fruit coming into use
nearly three weeks before the usual time, and being
also much larger and of different form ; and as
regards colour it is one of the most beautiful Apples I
ever saw, wax-like, a delicate, softly-tinted pink, red,
and lightly-tinted greenish-yellow, with a bloom over-
spreading it like Hoary Morning. It has not kept
well, and lost its peculiar beauty in about a fortnight
after it was ripe. E is the Duchess of Olden-
berg grafted on the Golden Winter Pearmain, which
was grafted on the Crab stock. Knowing the beauti-
ful colouring of the Golden Winter Pearmain, I
expected enhanced bright colouring in the Duchess.
In this I was disappointed : the fruit has come a
light green without any red on it, and although I
have kept it, there is no shade of any other colour.
It is also much smaller than A, and the flavour
not so good. c is the Duchess of Oldenberg
grafted on Reinette Van Mons grafted on the Crab.
In this the flavour is improved, and, strange to say,
the colour is much like that of the Duchess, but more
of a carmine, with purplish - carmine blotches and
streaks ; the size is smaller than b, with rather a
sweeter flavour and closer pulp : this kept the best.
The foregoing experiments having been most interest-
ing to me, I have thought they might prove so to
others, and therefore trouble you with these notes ;
and I may add, that it will afford me much pleasure
if others who, like myself, have tried double grafting,
will give details of their experience. I think there is
much to be learned yet in the way of the effect of the
stock on the scion, more even than many suspect. I
am making a considerable number of experiments both
in Pears and Apples, of which, from time to time, I
shall be willing to make known the results, if they are
thought of sufficient consequence. [Decidedly.] With
regard to the Durondeau Pear, that has been so
altered by being grafted on the General Todtleben, I
am trying the effect of a graft taken from it and placed
on Beurre d'Amanlis Pear grafted on the Quince. It
has taken fairly well, and now I am anxious to see
the produce, for I have not the least idea of the kind
of surprise, if any, that is in store for me. Will any-
one say whether they have tried double grafting with
Plums, and with what result. I may here mention
this — I have the Black Diamond Plum grafted on the
Sloe. The tree is many years old, but is still very
small, not a quarter the size of those of the same sort
and age grafted on the Plum stock. The fruit also is
only about half the usual size. An Aople, I believe
Reinette Van Mons, grafted on the Pyrus japonica
some years since, is still a very small tree ; it has
bloomed several times, but as yet has not borne any
fruit. Has any one tried this stock either for the
Pear or the Apple ? If so, I should much like to know
with what result. Harrison Weir^ Weirleigh,
Brenchleyy Ke^it.
Potato Disease. — From an article which appeared
in the Gardeners' Chronicle of July 2S last, "Mr.
Jensen and the Potato Disease," I was induced to
make trial of the plan in my garden. The two rows
experimented upon were side by side, planted with
Gordon's Victoria from Messrs. McKenzie, Dublin ;
both had been treated in every respect alike until the
appearance of disease-spots upon the leaves early in
August, when one of the rows at once received a
second moulding up, as recommended by Mr. Jensen,
some 5 inches of the soil being forked on to the top.
The Potatos in the two rows, 12 yards long each,
were raised a few days ago, with the following results :
— The moulded row produced sixty-one diseased and
227 sound Potatos, whilst the unmoulded row produced
126 diseased and 169 sound Potatos. I may add that
the unsound Potatos in the moulded-up row were
far less diseased than those from the unmoulded row.
The trial, to my mind, has been so satisfactory that
I shall make experiments upon a larger scale next
year. Jatnes Howard^ Claphajn Fark^ Bedfordshire^
Nov, 14.
Strawberries in November. — I was pleased to
read at p. 632 that the supply of ripe Strawberries is
being gradually extended over the twelve months, and
that the attention given to the spring-forced plants of
Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, at Perry Hall, with a
view to fruiting them again during the autumn and
early winter months, has been rewarded with the
success that the object aimed at deserved. This, and
many like results, go to show that the production of
a supply of ripe Strawberries throughout the year is,
with the practical gardener, simply a question of
labour and suitable accommodation, and that the
Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury is the variety par
excellence for yielding early and late supplies of ripe
fruit, seeing that the latter may be gathered in January
from plants of the "Vicomtesse" which had been
layered into their fruiting pots the previous June, and
again from the same plants, and those which had been
fruited in February and March, and judiciously
attended to during the interval, in September,
October, November, and December. Perhaps the
best way to manage spring-forced plants so as to get
them to fruit again in the autumn and winter, is to
slightly reduce the balls of earth after the fruit has
been picked, and re-pot into pots a size larger than
they were in before, then to place the plants in a cold
pit to harden off, and subsequently plunge the pots to
the rims either in coal ashes out-of-doors, or in north
and south borders, so as to insure good successive
crops. The plants, having been duly attended to in
the way of watering during the interval, should all
be taken up in the autumn before frost sets in, have
the drainage seen to, the surface soil removed from
the plants, and replaced with some more, consisting
of pulverised horse-droppings and loam, the pots
washed, and then transferred to the shelves on which
they are to fruit. W. H. W.
Impostors. — I can sympathise with Mr. Lloyd
{p. 632), having several times myself been taken in in
a similar way. I think the same man Mr. Lloyd
refers to called on me a few weeks ago, but having
had so many of them lately I took the precaution to
institute inquiries, and at the same time to very care-
fully question him, and soon found him out. I firmly
believe there are a number of them who make a trade
of it, travelling the country far and wide, and by so
doing procure the names of gardeners and nurserymen,
with whom they pretend to be on familiar terms, and
in many cases, by claiming to have been employed by
Mr. So-and-so or Messrs. So-and-so, one is at times
led to credit their tale. In future I mean to be very
careful, as I feel sure nine out of every ten are
impostors. R. Greenfield^ Priory Gardens^ Warwick.
Isaria Disease of Grass. — It is curious that this
Australian fungus first appeared in the Southern
Counties of England, and gradually spread north-
west to Ireland. The fungus of Hollyhocks took
precisely the same course, as did the fungus of the
Potato murrain. The contagion seems to reach us
from the Continent. I am not sure whether the
Australian plague of Thuias, Capnodium australe,
followed in the same course, although the fungus has
several times been sent to the Gardeners' Chronicle
for a name. IV. G S.
Narcissus viridiflorus. — The day after I wrote
to you from Gibraltar announcing the refinding of
Narcissus viridiflorus, I, in company with Lieutenant
Wolley Dod, had the pleasure of again gathering it in
two other localities fully a mile distant from the place
where I first observed it ; and we also found an un-
doubted hybrid between N. viridiflorus and N. seroti-
nus. Since my return I learn from a friend of its
having been gathered in a fourth locality, close to the
bridle path near the first Venta between San Roque
and the Cook Wood, about 6 miles north-west of
Gibraltar. It is evident that, though the plant has
been so long overlooked, it is by no means rare in the
heathy district north-west of Gibraltar. The species
from Algiers distributed by M. Durando as N. viridi-
florus and N, oxypetalus is N. elegans, a species quite
distinct from the green Narcissus of Gibraltar. George
Jlfazo, F. L.S.J Broseley,
Fuchsia exoniensis or corallina, — I was wrong
some years ago in supposing that this plant was not
at Kew, and as I gave expression to this belief in my
letter of a fortnight ago I have now to make the
correction. I was at Kew a week ago, and identified
it with specimens grown as " F. Caroline," the cor-
rectness of which is since supported by Mr. Wolley
Dod, who gives the information that gardeners used to
call it by that name. I have reason for knowing that
these plants were under my observation while still I
considered the West of England plant to be different.
These plants in the temperate-house are so totally
different in appearance from the unlike conditions
under which they are growing, that without the recent
experience I have had of its unusual variability, there
would be no motive for making the close comparison
which alone could show their identity ; in the one
case they are comparatively weak and without cha-
racter, whilst in the other there is a striking dis-
tinctiveness and development of form which cannot be
forgotten. Unusual this variation seems to be, be-
cause there are other kinds not more peculiar which
do proclaim their identity under similar variety of
circumstances, and in this case of a finely ornamental
plant it shows that it must be grown with full
exposure, in order to obtain the beauty which belongs
to it. The history of this plant I am still anxious to
know, because, from its appearance, it must have
some particular origin or parentage. There is in it
what there is not in the other hardy kinds with which
I am acquainted, and it is nothing like the present
race of florists' Fuchsias which decorate our green-
houses. The parents of F. exoniensis were F. cordi-
folia and F. globosa ; but Mr. Hemsley's remarks
show that he is not certain of the correctness of his
determination, and he points out a difference, so we,
perhaps, are entitled to conclude by the evidence we
have that this is another plant, properly called F.
corallina. F. Irwin Lynch.
Your correspondent, *' North Norfolk "
(p. 632), has described this Fuchsia exactly. When
quite a youth I first made its aquaintance in 1845 at
a flower show in the North. It was a magnificent
specimen, and was very graceful in growth, and pro-
duced a mass of richly coloured blossoms, the same
as your correspondent describes. It was raised at
Exeter by Mr. Pince, I believe, and there is no ques-
tion but it was a seedling — and a distinct one — for
that gentleman was too honourable a man to re-
name anything and send it out under false colours.
J. Fust.
The description of his plant, p. 604 (named
F. corallina), as given by Mr. Ellacombe, of Bitton,
corresponds in all particulars with that of a plant I
was well acquainted with about the years 1850—57. It
was grown at Howick Hall, Northumberland, as a
roof and wall creeper in a very lofty conservatory.
The plants were grown for a season in pots, and were
then transferred to slate tubs of about 15 inches square.
In these they rapidly grew upwards, forming before
reaching the roof grand pyramids of drooping foliage
and pendulous flowers. These were crimson in the
sepals, with dark plum-coloured corolla, and had a
petiole of 2^ inches in length. The foliage was of a
greenish-crimson tint, the under-side being of a dark
crimson colour, as was also the young growth. The
plant was a rapid grower, and therefore well adapted
for the purposes it was usually planted for, namely,
covering walls, columns, and roofs. How it came
there at the date I have no means of discovering, but
it was supposed to have come from one of the Edin-
burgh nurseries. AI.
Your correspondents seem to be somewhat in
a fog respecting Fuchsias exoniensis and corallina.
They are very distinct varieties, and "Norlolk" is
correct in stating that exoniensis was sent out first,
Exoniensis has a dull red tube and sepals, with a
purple corolla ; corallina has a scarlet tube and sepals,
and a rich dark purple corolla ; the sepals do not
expand or reflex anything near so well as in exo-
niensis. There is, for sake of comparison, as much
difference between the two as in Riccartoni and coral-
lina, and both are, no doubt, plentiful in some gar-
dens. I used to see exoniensis frequently when
travelling a few years since. IVilliam Heale, Nov. 20.
Peziza Disease of Potatos. — The growth of
mycelium of Peziza pos'uma, B. and W , has been
abundant on the west coast of Ireland during the pre-
sent autumn, especially on land too heavily manured.
The spawn completely exhausts all the moisture from
the living stems, reduces them to tinder, and then
forms black masses of compacted spawn, termed
sclerotia, chiefly within the old stems. The disease
has been spread generally over Sligo, Mayo, Gal-
way, and Donegal. Large patches of Potato plants,
12 to 15 yards square, have been destroyed, and the
most luxuriant crops (probably more apparent than
real) are, it is said, the worse affected. The haulms
were found to be full of the black sclerotia of the
fungus. See Garde7ters^ Chronicle^ Aug. 20, 1S80,
and Sept. 15, 1S83. W. G. S.
Mistleto Trees. — In vol. xix., p. 605, of the
Gardeners' Chronicle Mr. A. D. Webster gives a list
of Mistleto trees, and asks if any one can add to his
list. I am able to name four new Mistleto trees
growing in this neighbourhood : — i. Pear tree (Pear
trees with Viscum album are also mentioned as grow-
ing in the neighbourhood of Eppau in Hausmann's
Ilora of Tyrol) ; 2, Prunus domestica ; 3, Abies
pectinata ; 4, /Esculus Pavia, the two latter growing
in my park. Loranthus europseus grows frequently
on Oaks, and I do not doubt that Viscum album may
also be found on Oaks here ; but it is very difficult
to discern them from below. If ever I can discover
one I will write, if it is of interest. Olio Forster^
Lebenhof near Scheibbs^ Lower Austria,
Ampelopsis Veitchii. — Mr. Powell must seek
further than paint for the reason of Ampelopsis
Veitchii not clinging in the case he alluded to in your
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
665
pages a fortnight since. We have in the south iront
of the mansion here a blind window, the stone sill
and woodwork of which have been kept in good con-
dition as regards painting. A vigorous young plant
of the above has this season sent several branchlets
towards this window, and they have clung to stone,
wood, and even the glass, though in the latter case it
comes away more easily than it does from the wood
or stone ; at the same time it unmistakably clings,
and is to be allowed to cover the window, which it
will not take long to do at the rate it has grown this
season. John C, Tallack^ Prideaux Place, Padstoiv.
Cupressus macrocarpa. — I can quite corro-
borate Mr. Michic's statement (p. 633) regarding the
value of this tree for planting in maritime situa-
tions. Along the coast here it succeeds admirably,
although equally well at much higher elevations, our
finest specimen growing near the entrance to the
Pass of Nant Francon, and consequently at a con-
siderable elevation above sea level. From its large
size this tree must have been planted here shortly
after its introduction in 1S38. Does Mr. Fowler
(p. 603) not make a mistake in recording the dimen-
sions ofhis largest tree as 6 feet 2 inches in diameter
(or about 20 feet in circumference) of bole at 4 feet
in size to P. imperialis, raised by Mr. Anderson-
Henry, and flowered at I lay Lodge this year for the
first time in Europe. This magnificent Primrose was
raised from seed sent by Mr. Klwes ; a description of
the plant was given in the Gardeners' Chronulc last
summer. Fvery grower of choice Primulas is sure to
hail with pleasure its successful introduction. C, M.
Owen.
Late Peas. — Reference is made at p. 505 to
British (>ueen I'ea, as being superior to Ne Plus Ultra,
but such is not the case according to my experience.
Several years ago when in Lancashire I tested both
varieties side by side, two seasons together, and Ne
Plus Ultra turned out by far the best Pea. I tested
them again side by side when I took charge of these
gardens four years ago, with the same results. For
our mid-season supply I mainly depend on Veitch's
Perfection, which is sown in succession from late
March up to the end of May ; early in June the first
sowing of Ne Plus Ultra is made, in the third week the
second sowing is made ; from this we commence gather-
ing about the middle of September and liberally
through October, and as a proof of its character we
gathered in spite of a previous frost of several degrees
a very nice dish of Peas on November 9, being pro
Fig. 119. — APPLE DUCHESS OF OLDENBERG, SHOWING VARIATIONS RESULTING FROM DOUBLE GRAFTING.
(See p. 664.)
up ? thus far exceeding the average size of this
Cypress in its native habitat. The timber of this
tree grown here is yellowish-white, extremely close-
grained, and takes a beautiful polish. Regarding its
lasting qualities when cut up I am yet unable to speak ;
but a series of experiments are bemg carried out, and
will in due time be recorded in the pages of the
Gardeners' Chronicle, A. D, Webster y Penhryn Castle,
North Wales,
New Asiatic Primulas. — Primula sapphirina, a
Thibet species, was raised at the Edinburgh Botanic
Gardens from seed introduced by Mr. Elwes. It is
more like a ^mall Androsace than a Primula in habit,
the leaves of the rosette being a quarter to half an inch
long, and deeply serrated. It blossoms in spring, the
flowers being hardly so large as, and of a darker
purple than those of most forms of P. capitata, but
that shade of colour. They have also a most peculiar
glandular disc on the limb of the corolla, which
almost covers the stamens and pistil. Even this
Primula is large in comparison with P. minutissima,
the rosettes of which are hardly half the size of those of
P. sapphirina, which it appears to resemble in habit.
Mr. Lindsay received dried specimens of this minute
Primula this year from India, and it is to be hoped
he may get seed next year, as it would be a plant well
worth raising, were it only from its curious contrast
nounced by my employer, Major Merham, to be of
very superior quality : therefore those who have this,
the choicest of all vegetables, to supply at as late a
date as possible, will do well to decide upon Ne Plus
Ultra. J. Ashton, The Gardens, Pontyprydd Hall,
Flint.
Leycesteria formosa.— Although known in Eng-
lish gardens for the last half century, this plant does
not receive the attention, nor is it grown in the quan-
tity it deserves. It is well suited to the climate of this
country, where it may occasionally be seen growing
with the greatest luxuriance. A plot of this plant m
our home nursery here is at present the admiration of
all beholders, the contrast between the deep green hue
of its stems and leaves and the reddish-purple of its
large bracts and berries being very beautiful as well as
conspicuous. It is a native of the Himalaya Moun-
tains, at altitudes ranging from 6000 to Sooo feet.
A. D. IVebster, Penrhyn Castle, North Wales. [It
is rather tender in some localities. Ed.]
Graft-changed Pear, " Backhouse's Beurre."
— In your issue of Nov. 10, p. 603, your corresponvlent
"A. D." says : — "Exceptions are exceedingly rare,
and the rule as to the unchanged nature of grafted
or budded fruits seems to need no exceptions to
prove its incontestability." Now, admitting that
exceptions, so strongly marked as in the present
case, are "exceedingly rare," we must not, there-
fore, close our eyes to the fact, that some change
through grafting is exceedingly common — so common,
indeed, that it alm(jst amounts to a rule. Witness
the change, both in size and flavour, by working
Pears on the Quince stock. Surelythat is not " exceed-
ingly rare " ? From remote times, the fact that some
change in quality of fruit has been exerted by grafting
has been clearly recognised. The Apostle's argu-
ment about the " wild " and " good " Olive tree was
based upon it. If, then, a visible influence, more or
less, as a result of grafting, has occurred in countless
myriads of instances, it must be a matter of mere
personal opinion as to how far such change may
extend. Some casualty which we do not understand
the nature of, may cause a strong ellect in one special
instance ; else why the occurrence of rare varieties or
rare and perhaps unique developments in one part
only of a plant? We call in question "A. D.'s "
deductions also in regard to re-grafting. A great
change, once caused by some obscure "casualty"—
some unknown combination of circumstances — will
not necessarily cease to show itself, by reverting to the
(supposed) "original conditions." A special effect,
once produced under special circumstances, may defy
all human skill to undo it. In the Journal of Hor-
ticulture, October 27, 1881, Dr. Hogg says, in refer-
ence to this Pear, "This is a convincing proof of the
influence which the stock exercises on the scion."
And, after touching upon the question of cause, goes
on to say, " We have recorded many singular instances
of this transfusion of essences ... in the pages of
this journal . . . but we have never before witnessed
so remarkable an instance," &c. Our reason for
using the words " we believe " in our original article
was because the actual experiment was made by our
late senior partner, who, we know, awaited the result
with much interest, but did not live to see it, yas.
Backhouse 6^ Son, York Nurseries, Nov. 16.
Having had the opportunity of tasting and
comparing some fruits of the Pear Messrs. Back-
house sent you specimens of, and referred to by
"A. D. " at p. 603, with Beurre Diel, I can most
certainly say that in flavour and appearance it is
distinct from that variety. Messrs. Backhouse's
Pear was fit for table a month ago, and was melt-
ing and juicy, the latter partaking very much
of the juiciness of Jargonelle, The tree from which
the fruit was picked is a standard. Beurre Diel with
us (about 9 miles from York, and of the same altitude
as the Messrs. Backhouse's nurseries) is not yet fully
ripe, and this with fruit from a tree grown on an east
wall ; in fact, Beurre Diel with us is not good more
than one season out of four, and when at its best is
not to be compared with the real melting ripeness of
Messrs. Backhouse's Pear. In making these remarks
I pass no opinion as to the absolute fact of the tree in
question being a Beurre Diel grafted on a Jargonelle,
only, having carefully inspected it, I do think it has a
general resemblance in growth to Beurre Diel, with
the exception that the branches have a more erect
growth, very similar to standard trees of Jargonelle.
H, J, Clayton, Grimston, Nov. 14. [See also Mr.
Harrison Weir's note on p. 664. Ed.]
Tenant's Fixtures (see p. 632). — There have been
differences of opinion and of legal judgments as to what
constitutes a tenant's fixture, but I believe it has
always been admitted that if the framework, sills, or
plates of a house are attached to the walls by mortal or
cement that portion becomes a part of the brickwork
which — being in the soil — is (as a part of the land)
the landlord's property. Loose sashes, such as ven-
tilators and doors secured by screws (not nails) to the
framing are always removable. Brickwork is decid-
edly not removable, except where used in houses for
nursery or trade purposes, and in such cases boilers
and pipes can be removed too. In other cases a boiler,
if set in brickwork, is usually considered a fixture,
and also the pipes attached to it as a part of it, unless
these are screwed together or with special portable
joints with a view to their removal. There are
hundreds of houses erected annually called portable,
and really so of themselves, which are made permanent
legal fixtures owing to this bedding of them in mortar
on low walls or two or three courses of bricks up to
. ground level ; but in twenty-two years' experience of
Sir Joseph Paxton's hothouses, during which time I
have had more to do with their planning and erection
than any other man, I have not heard of one decision
against their legal portability as the tenant's property
where he has put them up in accordance with instruc-
tions. B. W. Warhurst.
Early-flowering Chrysanthemums. — Frost has
kept away so unusually long this year that numbers
of people are asking, Why not grow quantities of the
earlier-flowering and freer-growing Chrysanthemums,
outdoors, for cutting and decorative purposes, during
the generally dull months of October and November ?
And from present appearances, I may include Decem-
ber, as when I am writing (November 19) the night
temperature is 50^ Fahrenheit. The next question is,
666
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 1883
What varieties should be grown ? I venture to say
this is just the time to ask this question. Nurserymen
are preparing their catalogues and from communica-
tions just to hand from England and Dundee, as well
as Ireland, I would ask your approval of the sugges-
tion that they should mark, after duly testing as near
as possible the time of flowering of as many varieties
as possible under cool treatment. Allowance could
be made for locality afterwards by the growers in any
part of the British Isles. I speak of cool treatment,
and mean growth outdoors, except about London and
manufacturing towns, where it is almost impossible
to have blooms clean and pure, so long as there
seems no danger of smart frost. A few degrees
will do no harm to Chrysanthemums that have been
thoroughly exposed and ripened outside during sum-
mer and autumn. It will always be understood, if
frost appears early, that protection is at hand. If
grown against a wall — south is the best aspect — it
takes a severe frost to do any injury, and even then
light matting will guard the blooms. I have seen
them safer in this way than in an unheated green-
house. At present I have Fingal, Golden Empress,
Julie Lagravere, Christine, James Forsyth, and that
prince of reBexed flowers, Little Beauty, with its
handsome pinkish-bordered petals ; and several pom-
pons, including Madame Marthe, Snowdrop and
While Trevenna, both inside and outside, and so
have many others in this locality ; and in every in-
stance where fairly treated, tied up, disbudded, and
now and then, during the summer months, supplied
with liquid manure, without exception, those out-
doors have much the finest flowers with a fraction of
the care. I at once admit that this would not have
been the case had smart frost set in at any time during
the past month, and this brings me back to my
original inquiry. What are the best varieties to bloom
during September and October, when frost, to injure
Chrysanthemums, rarely ever comes ? In a recent
issue of the Gardeners^ Chronicle I drew attention to
this matter, and have since had communications on
the point from various sources, and among the rest
from Mr. Andrew Sinclair, Fountain Brae, Dundee,
who has grown them— all the best varieties he could
procure from France, which seems to be the principal
place were they are raised — for some years, and con-
siders the following dozen different colours the best :—
Madame Desgranges : for size, as I already remarked
in your columns, this stands first ; it might fairly be
included among the Japanese, and is a very pure
white. Aureole : the class to which this belongs in
the way of colour, is crimson, shading off to lemon
in the centre, and will, of course, be included by
growers. La Vierge : I have this also in bloom
for the past six weeks, and with Virginia, introduced
last year, which it resembles, I consider, as does the
gentleman I have quoted, they are two of the best
whites in cultivation, and almost full in the centre,
the lack of which is the great defect of the early-
flowering kinds. Sceur Melanie should be included
among the whites — useful. Of yellows, Precoce would
contrast with the deep orange I'Admirable — later.
Among rose colours would be Boisduval, purple-
rose, and Illustration, whitish-rose. Mdlle. Jolivart
represents the best of the peach colours ; Toulousaine
(P.), bronze-red; Bouquet Fait, Japanese, and Lyon,
rosy-purple, should be included. IP. J. Murphy,
Clonmcl,
Chou de Burghley. — Opinions are greatly varied
as to the merits of this vegetable. I was present when
it was first exhibited before the Fruit Committee at
South Kensington, and after a close examination, and
a still better test, that of tasting, the committee were
unanimous that it was first-rate, but having grown it
this season, I am not disposed to think so favourably
of it as I then did. It is not a bit better, if so tender
and agreeable, as are young Cabbages, and it grows
far too large ever to take the place of these. And
last, but not least, it still requires a good deal of
" roguing," some of ours are quite round, others oval,
and others long and pointed. To which of the types
does Mr. Gilbert apply the term " true " ? W. W.
There appear differences of opinion respect-
ing this vegetable. My opinion is that we are greatly
indebted to Mr. Gilbert for one of the most useful of
vegetables we have. I grew it this season for the
first time, and I could wish for nothing better. I
suspect the fault, in the case of those who dis-
pute its merits, is in the cooking ; it requires
boiling well. C. W. Cook, Rcndcombe Park Gardens,
Gloiucstdr.
All who are acquainted with this fine Cab-
bage will not, I think, agree with Mr. Grant (p. 633).
With me it has by far exceeded ray expectations, and
; firmly believe, that when it becomes better known
it will be universally grown, as it is undoubtedly an
exquisite vegetable. R. Greenfield, Priory Gardens,
Wanoick,
I fail to see anything worthy of special merit
in the Chou de Burghley as a vegetable. The glow-
ing accounts which were given of it induced me, like
many others, to sow and plant a large plot with it,
with the result that I now have a fine crop of mixed
coarse Cabbages of all sorts and forms, none of which
are equal, certainly not superior, to other ordinary
Cabbages planted at the same time. T, J. Hart,
Birr Castle Gardens, Kings Co.
I do not know Mr, Grant, Hadlow Castle,
who in your last issue complains that this Cabbage is
too coarse, and does not heart well, &c. ; but I do
know that Chou de Burghley is daily eaten by some
of the best families in England, on whose tables
common Cabbage and Savoys would not be allowed.
According to my experience it is far before other sorts
of Cabbage, and, to prove that it does heart well, I
have sent you two heads of Chou de Burghley, cut
from plants that were raised from seed sown on May i .
IV. C. Leach, The Gardens, Fineshade Abbey, Sta 1U'
ford. [The samples received have "hearted" as well
as any good Cabbage we know. Ed]
Edinburgh Notes. — In the Red Braes and
Pilrig Park Nurseries shrubs are largely grown. In
the latter are thousands of seedlings of Indian
Rhododendrons, chiefly from Sikkim, including R.
anthopogon, R. Campbelli, R. camelliasflorum, R,
campylocarpum, R. lanatura, &c. R. ciliaris is hardy
here, though occasionally the flowers are injured by
late frosts. R. prsecox and R. precox superbum are
almost equally beautiful ; and there is a pigmy form
raised here of Cunningham's white Rhododendron
which is a good addition to dwarf kinds for rockwork.
Amongst variegated shrubs the purple-leaved Peach,
which is hardy in the South, is a valuable plant, not
only for its dark foliage, but for its spring flowers and
autumn fruits. The purple-leaved Plum, from Persia,
is good ; also the purple-leaved Vine (Vitis purpurea).
There is a good new form of Golden Elm, and the
golden forms of Sweet Chestnut, Laburnum, Elder,
and Box, are well worth growing ; of the latter (Buxus
aurea) there is a good stock here, it is but a few
inches high, and keeps its colour well all the year round.
The foliage of Acer Schwedleri is red in spring
Fraxinusaucubxfoliahas spotted foliage ; and Aucuba
salicifolia is a distinct kind, having narrow, slightly
toothed leaves. Ampelopsis Veitchii, so well known
as a climbing plant, is grown here as a hanging plant,
and its long sprays, 10 or 12 feet long, prove how well
it is suited for this purpose, Hedera glomerata is
very singular, with small leaves, and very compact
habit. There is a good stock of Hypericum Hookeri,
and also of Acer Hookeri, a new kind with long,
pointed, cordate leaves, very unlike most Acers,
Whether it is hardy or not, has not yet been
tried here. A plant of Castanea crassifolia (?) is
about 4 feet high by 4 feet through, grown
in a well sheltered position in the Red Braes
Nursery, where a pretty pond is surrounded
by sloping banks, covered with shrubs and trees, to
which the Red Braes nursery is chiefly devoted,
florists' and other herbaceous plants being grown
more at Pilrig Park. Castanea has Myrtle-like
foliage, the leaves being golden on the under-side.
Eugenia appendiculata is found here to be hardier
than E. Ugni. Myrtus bullata, though grown under
glass at Pilrig Park, might perhaps be hardy in the
South ; its brown tinted foliage is very distinct.
Mahonia Fremonti has sharply serrated glaucous
foliage. The beautiful white form of Rosa rugosa
does well here, Forsythia Fortunei is very useful for
early spring flowering. Amongst numerous small
Conifers at Red Braes Retinospora squarrosa nova,
with glaucous, almost grey foliage, and R. obtusa
nana, with compact habit, are very distinct, Wid-
dringtonia ericoides has purplish Juniper-like foliage ;
and Thuiopsis dolabrata and its variegated form are
well worth growing, having a slight resemblance to a
Selaginella in foliage. The pyramidal Oak is distinct ;
and a giant form of the Lombardy Poplar is more
vigorous than the type, which does not succeed well
in every part of the country. Populus cordifolia is
striking, fromits large and very glossy leaves. Alnusim-
perialis has finely cut foliage; and there is a curious graft
used here, of Osmanthus ilicifolia on the Ash. Though
all the Menziesias are worth growing, none are prettier
than M. polifolia alba ; a large bed of it was very
effective in summer, and on into autumn. The curious
M. polifolia bicolor is also grown. M. empetriformis
does well about Edinburgh. M. ccerulea, the least
effective, seems the most difficult to grow. Erica
ciliaris is hardy on the rockery here ; E. mediterra-
nea is also fairly hardy in the Edinburgh Botanic
Gardens, and at Comely Bank. Ledums are amongst
the many Heath-like plants worth growing ; L,
palustre and L. thymifolium are distinct types. Some
rare herbaceous plants are grown at Pilrig Park, in-
cluding the Indian Parnassia rubicola, the Blue Poppy
(Meconopsis Wallichi), Primula sikkimensis, P. capi-
tata, and Senecio pulcher, which when it flowers well
is a fine autumn plant. The effect of a mass of Aster
longifolia formosa, about 2 feet high, was beautiful
early in October. Saxifraga MacNabiana is largely
grown, and there is an excellent stock of S. Stracheyi.
Penlstemons are one of the specialities amongst
florists' flowers, both at Pilrig Park and at Messrs.
Laird's nurseries. Many beautiful kinds have been
raised, and by careful selection the improvement in
size, colour, and form is remarkable. Amongst the
large collection of stove and greenhouse plants in
Messrs. Laird's winter garden is a much improved
form of the old hanging plant, Saxifraga sarmentosa,
under the name of S. sarmentosa variegata, brightly
variegated with rose colour. Another interesting
hanging plant is Lycopodium ulicifolium (= L.
Hookeri). The plant seems to be of strong habit,
and may perhaps be less difficult to grow than most
Lycopodiums. As some Conifers have a striking like-
ness to Lycopods, so this plant has a certain likeness to
Conifers. There are some curious forms of Adiantum.
A. concinnura latum has such deep indentations
round the edge of the leaflets that they at first sight
appear as if perforated with small holes. The foliage
of this Fern is very effective, the leaflets are compa-
ratively large. ' Adiantum Capillus-Veneris Pocockii
is of very crisp and erect habit ; and A. Legrandii is
most singular, the leaf being so thickly set with small
leaflets ihat it is half an inch or more through verti-
cally. Pellionia Davaueana is a plant of much interest,
the flowers having the same " smoke " of pollen as
each blossom opens which is to be seen in the Artillery
plant, Pilea muscosa. This plant has dark varie-
gated foliage and a drooping habit. Aralia Chabrieri,
from its drooping dark green foliage, might prove a
good table plant. The leaf is very long and narrow,
with a dark line up the centre. A brightly coloured
Coleus (sent out from here). Lady Macdonald, has
curiously crenated leaves, and is very distinct. Ces-
trum aurantiacum has panicles of waxy, deep yellow
blossoms over half an inch long, with reflexed lobes.
It is rather a rare colour amongst indoor plants in
October. But the brightest part of these winter gar-
dens early in October was a long house devoted to a
varied and beautiful collection of zonal Pelargoniums
in full blossom. When these flowers blossom so much
better under glass than in the open air no regret need
be felt at their place out-of-doors being taken by hardy
plants which can stand wind and rain comparatively
uninjured. Stigraaphyllum ciliatum seems to be an
excellent stove climber, with ciliated cordate leaves ;
Mr. Laird says its yellow flowers resemble those of an
Oncidium. C. M. Owen.
The Bird's-nest Orchis (Neoltia Nidus-avis),—
Unlike the generality of our British Orchids this
curious plant is destitute of leaves, but has the
stem clothed with brown sheathing scales instead.
It has generally been supposed to be parasitical, but
such is not the case, although the whole plant has
the true palid hue, destitute of green, peculiar to
parasitical plants in general. The root-stock is com-
posed of a number of succulent fibres, crossing and
entangling each other like the sticks of a crow's-nest,
and from which the popular name of Bird's-nest
Orchis is derived. The whole plant rarely exceeds
a foot in height with a rather dense spike of dingy
brown flowers, those at the base being placed rather
distant apart. The lipis cloven at the extremity into two
blunt, rounded, widely-spreading lobes. This plant
is a frequent occupant of shady Beech woods, especi-
ally on a chalky or clayey subsoil, indeed the finest
specimens I have seen were growing in stiff, tenacious
clay, so hard that it was almost impossible to lift a plant
uninjured. It is, however, strangely uncertain in its
appearance, frequently disappearing from places
where it has been known to exist for years and re-
appearing in quite another part of the same wood. I
have repeatedly tried the cultivation of this Orchid,
but with no success, the plants never appearing after
the first year, and I should be glad to hear of any one
who has successfully grown and flowered this curious
and interesting species of our native Orchids. A, D,
Webster, Llandcgai, Bangor.
Seed Lying Dormant.— That acute observer,
Gilbert White, mentions in his Natural History of
Selliornethat seed lies dormant in Beech woods so long
as the thick cover remains, and vegetates on its
removal. A Beech wood clothes the high chalk hill
above Selborne, and White noted that the naked part
of the Hanger was covered with Thistles of various
kinds, the seeds having lain probably under the thick
shade of the trees for many years without vegetating
till the sun and air were admitted after the trees were
felled. The same thing may be constantly observed
in underwood or coppice after the periodic cutting.
Sportsmen accustomed to cover-shooting must have
noticed that the first year's growth of underwood
affords a dense growth of grasses. Brambles, Fox-
gloves, and other plants ; that the overcrowding of the
second year's growth weakens this under-crop ; and
that afterwards the ground becomes quite bare of her-
baceous vegetation, till the next cutting of the copse.
In many cases no doubt the undercrop springs from
small plants rather than from seed. This must cer-
tainly be the case with biennials and peren-
nials, though not necessarily with the grasses or
perhaps with Thistles. The writer has seen
Birch spring thickly on the sand rocks near
Dorking when part of a Beech wood planted by
Evelyn had been overturned by a storm. The
wood was 200 years old, and too dense for under.
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
667
growth, so that the Birch could hardly have grown
except from seed. He has also observed a thick
growth of Birch after the upper surface of a sandhill
had been removed to a depth of about a foot. The
seed, therefore, sprung from the subsoil, but how or
when it was sown is unknown. Another instance
given by Gilbert White is that of Strawberries, which
covered the ground in a year or two after the Beeches
were felled. The seeds must have lain in the ground
"for an age," he thinks. Close observer as he was,
he adds that one of the trenches, called "slidders "
at Selborne, down the middle of the Hanger Close,
covered over in his day with lofty lieeches nearly a
century old, was still called " Strawberry Slidder,"
and although the people live long at Selborne, where
ah old lady of ninety-eight came regularly to church
with her daughter, aged seventy, and the former beat
the latter in a little race upon the common, and where
eight persons at one time were of the average age of
eighty-five and a half, still no one could remember
when Strawberries grew on the "slidder." It can
hardly be doubted that they did abound before the
Beeches smothered them, and that the seed of crops
that are crowded out in Beech woods, or other wood?,
lie dormant till their growth is rendered possible by
the removal of the trees or a portion of them. E.
FRUIT NOTES.
The Winter Kinu Grape.— I see by your last
issue that you would be glad of confirmatory evidence
as to the origin of this Grape, which Mr. B. S. Wil-
liams exhibited at Kensington on the 13th inst. I am
pleased to be able to furnish such evidence, as I saw
the fruit hanging on the Vine a fortnight before it was
exhibited. For bold and striking individuality Winter
King is the most handsome Grape in cultivation, being
in colour a deep blue-black, which makes it stand out
conspicuous from any other Grape known, and which
gives it a very rich appearance when hanging on the Vine.
It is of robust constitution, a free setter, colours freely,
and is rich in flavour, bearing some affinity to a tho-
roughly well finished Hamburgh, but with more aroma.
Fancy a Grape with the colour of an Ickworlh Impera-
trice Plum with every quality which a winter Grape
ought to possess, and we have something which has
been long wanted. Your remark as to how the Grape
was obtained is correct in every particular. The
foliage and general character of the Grape is com-
pletely altered by the union of the Raisin de Calabre.
I was much struck with its appearance when I saw it
hanging in a house with several others, all admirably
grown and finished. John GadJ, Gr. to Sir T. B.
LennarJ, Bart., Bclkiis.
I note in your report of the last meeting of the
Royal Horticultural Society at South Kensington,
that a Grape named Winter King was exhibited,
and that its origin was stated to be the result of a
graft of Gros Colmar on Raisin de Calabre. By its
being named Winter King, I presume it is intended
to be offered as a new variety, which, in fact, it
cannot be, for if propagated from eyes taken from the
graft that has been grown on the Raisin de Calabre,
there will — notwithstanding the great change that has
been effected — doubtless be an entire reversion to the
old variety. //'. W. [Our correspondent says doubt-
less ; will he try the experiment and report ? Ed.]
PLANT PORTRAITS.
Calamus? Lindeni, Rodigas, Illtist. Hortkok,
t. 489.— A remarkably handsome Mala) an Palm,
with spines on the leaf-stalks and on the under surface
of the midrib, oblong, pinnately divided leaves, pinnre
lanceolate, dark green above, silvery beneath. Its
genus is not known with certainty.
Calendula sicula, Cyr. ; Regel, in DC Garten-
flora, t. I12S. — A South Italian annual or perennial
Marigold.
Cattleya Skinneri alua, Rchb. f. ; Moore, in
Orchid Album, t. 112. — This variety, which was
described in these columns, n. s. , vol. vii., 810, has
pure white flowers.
Chamelum luteum, Philippi, in Garlciijhra, t.
1 129. — A perennial dwarf-growing rhizomatous IriJ,
with tufts of linear hairy leaves and stalked yellow
flowers, like those of a small Crocus, but with very
narrow segments. A very curious plant.
Opuntia I'lJiPPIGI, Otto ; Philippi, in Garten-
flora, K. 1 129. — Flowers stalked, yellow. Chili.
Opuntia Segethi, Philippi, in Gartcnflora, t.
1 1 19. — Flowers pink. Chili.
Ornithogalum ARAUICUM, Garten Zeitiin^,
November, 1S83.
FOI^ESTI^Y,
International Forestry Exiiihitions. — We
are glad to see that the prospects of the exhibition at
Edinburgh are very bright. There is a notion pre-
valent in some quarters that, so far as this country ii
concerned, the forestry question is of little moment.
The success of ihis Kxhibition, which we assume to be
assured, will supply the best answer to this opinion.
The development and improvement of our woodlands
appear to us to be matters of the highest importance,
more especially in regard to the depressed state of
agriculture and the necessity of turning our waste lands
to account. We have already alluded to the vast im-
portance of the subject as concerns Ireland, but llrcat
Britain is only a constituent of a Greater Ilritain, and
the importance of forestry, looked at from this point
of view, becomes at once enormously enhanced. We
hope one result of this Exhibition will be the estab-
lishment of a proper School of Forestry in the northern
capital — a proposal we have always advocated in the
interests of our colonies and of India, as well as of
our own land. We would fain hope that another result
of the Exhibition will be manifested in the collection of
trustworthy information as to the value for economical,
as well as mere ornamental purposes, of the numerous
coniferous and other trees that have been introduced
in such large numbers of late years. Our Edinburgh
correspondent furnishes us with the following report
on the progress of the Exhibition up to the present
time : — " The arrangements proceed apace, and
the committee are finding much encouragement
in the prosecution of their work. The sum already
promised towards the guarantee fund very nearly
touches ^,5000. Nothing more encourages those who
have the means to subscribe to such undertakings than
the prospect of their realising the sanguine anticipa-
tions of their promoters ; and, as this is being daily
put beyond doubt in connection with the forthcoming
exhibition, the committee will doubtless find addi-
tional encouragement given to them by seeing the
subscriptions already promised backed up to a large
extent by others. We learn that the committee have
received an offer of valuable duplicate specimens of
colonial woods from the Royal Gardens at Kew.
Everything, indeed, now promises well for an inter-
esting and instructive exhibition, and if the matter of
site were once fairly settled, the committee would
proceed with the plans of such a building as would
be at once convenient for the purpose of show-
ing their specimens and ornamental to the city."
A Renter's telegram from Ottawa says : — *'It is
announced that steps will probably be taken to have
Canada represented at the International Forestry
Exhibition in Edinburgh."
Comparative Advantages of Autumn and
Spring Planting. — Autumn Planting. ^
Whether heat in the soil, or atmospheric influences,
or both combined, _be the causes of success, or neither,
matters little to the practical forester, for it signifies
nothing to him whether the producing cause be known
or unknown, if only the results are established, and are
sure and certain.
Certain trees and shrubs, in some cases, gain a full
season's growth by being planted in autumn instead
of spring, of which the following is an example :^
On the southern slope of a Heath-covered hill in
Strathspey, in the highlands of Scotland, planted
with Scotch Fir, partly in autumn and partly in
spring, at one particular part, seen at a mile dis-
tant, it was quite obvious where the planting was
suspended in autumn and resumed in spring. The
appearance was so marked that it might have been
thought it was two years older. The ground was the
same, and the plants of the same growth, and every-
thing equal except the one thing, namely, that one part
was planted in October, and the other at the end of
February. It requires, however, to be stated that the
autumn in question was exceptionally fine for plant-
ing, while the spring was the reverse. That the
weather exerted no small degree of influence is very
obvious from the circumstance that during several
years similar planting, when there were repeated
intervals between the spring and autumn planting, no
such marked difference of growth ever again pre-
sented itself, although there was at least a perceptible
difference, and the greater the difference always in
proportion to the length of interval between the
leaving off in autumn and beginning again in spring.
Sometimes, by reason of snow, work was suspended
in October, and not resumed till March. It has
been repeatedly found, on lifting Scotch Fir plants
in November, that were planted at the beginning
of October, that they had produced new fibres, and
were well established in the ground. From close
observation of this subject I am led to believe that
in autumn in most, if not all cases, rool-growth
occurs in evergreens, but it is not so obvious
in the case of deciduous plants. Having repeat-
edly jilanted Holly hedges and large shrubs both
of it and liay Laurel, both in spring and autumn,
I can with confidence recommend the month ot Sep-
tember as the best time for doing such work. If the
ground at that season is very dry the plants will
require one thorough watering, but seldom more
than one.
Another advantage of autumn planting is that the
winter frosts and rains pulverise and wash the soil in
about the roots of the plants, thereby both providing
it with food and at the same time closing the open-
ings made in the ground in planting, thereby prevent-
ing drying up.
Cuttings of Bay Laurel put into the ground in Sep-
tember, with a little sharp sand in the soil, and each
scion with all its leaves on both above and beluw
ground, root belter in September than in any other
month of the year, and seldom if ever fail. If Nature
has a lesson to teach on the subject of planting it is
one of much latitude in regard to the season of the
year for doing the work. In autumn very early the
Whin and Broom scatter their seeds amid accents
sharp and clear. The Oak and Chestnut also plant
in autumn, and with or without the presence of the
hog or wild boar, drop their treasures in autumn,
which either fatten the animal or furnish the forest.
Our Pines and Firs, on the other hand, for reasons
which we do not know, keep their seeds in the cone
till the heat of the early summer opens them, when
they wing their way, and modestly hide their head in
the nearest crevice.
Spring Planting. — The question is frequently
asked, Why do you plant in spring at all if autumn is
the best ? To this question there can be given more
than one answer. One reason for planting in spring
is because autumn is not long enough to enable the
planter to overtake all his work, and therefore he
must extend the period into spring. Again, the days
grow very short as the autumn advances, and there-
fore much less work can be done, and consequently
costs more in the doing of it. And again, as we merge
into winter the weather is usually, on account of the
prevalence of frost and snow, such that in many cases
it is impossible to collect sufficient hands to do the
work even after allowing it to cost more money, and
when women are employed to put in the plants, as is
very common, they cannot stand amid wet heath and
wintry winds.
Another reason for planting in spring is the fact
that plants may not be mature and ripe ; the
Larch, for example, is late in autumn in perfecting
its young wood, and there is often great risk of losing
the leader if lifted before it is mature.
There is also another obstacle in the way of autumn
planting in that of plants having to be brought from a
distance while yet the foliage is upon them, which, as
is too well known, is the occasion of sweating or heat-
ing in the package, to the injury or destruction of the
plants. This is eminently the case with Sycamore,
Lime, Oak, Birch, and several other species which
are late in defoliating.
In boisterous wintry weather, especially if accom-
panied by much rain, and when the soil is clayey,
plants, especially if large, sutfer seriously by wind-
waving, which if done in spring to some extent
obviates the evil, as the ground is firmer and the
plants somewhat rooted before winter.
Upon many estates rabbits are so numerous that
the newly planted trees are eaten the first night after
being planted, and it is somewhat remarkable that
the animals will eat a plant newly planted and not
touch others by its side, although bared of all
herbage and the ground disturbed, as if it had been
newly planted. In spring the young grass forms a
counter attraction to them, and after the first season
is over they are less liable to be eaten.
It is often during the covert shooting that much of
the planting about the policies and preserves is deter-
mined upon, and if not done off-hand at least between
the covert shooting and the breeding season it would
not be done at all.
Much of the planting done, at least what is termed
ornamental and pleasure planting, is at the suggestion
of the proprietor's friends on the annual covert shoot-
ing visit, and as this usually takes place in November
or December, the planting is therefore carried out in
spring.
Autumn planting, as has been explained, has many
advantages, but in the practical operations of forest
history there has been, and probably ever will be,
more done in spring than in autumn. C. Y. Mkhie^
Cnlkn House, Nov. 13.
668
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 1883,
Edinburgh Botanical : Nov. 10. — The Society
met in 5, St. Andrew Square, W. B. Boyd, Esq. , Presi-
dent, in the chair. The following communications were
read ; —
I. President's introductory address, " Remarks on
the Cultivation of Alpine and Herbaceous Plants."
At the outset, the following statement as to the
present numerical position of the Society was made ; —
There were four honorary fellows, six British and
nineteen foreign subjects, 146 ordinary members,
182 non-resident fellows, eight lady associates,
167 foreign corresponding members, and twenty-
seven associates — total, 559. Mr. Boyd gave the
result ot his observations of alpine plants during a
journey in Switzerland and thereafter he described the
habits and appearance of a large variety of herbaceous
plants.
II. "Note, with exhibition of a flowering stem of
Phormiura tenax with seed capsules ripened in the open
air at North Ronaldshay, Orkney." By Wm. Traill,
M.D., of Woodwick. The specimen, about 6 feet
long, with other plants of the same New Zealand
exotic, had flowered and ripened seeds three times
in the open air. The first year of such ripening
was in 1879, and the next in 1881. On both
occasions many young plants were raised from the
seed, as has also been done during the present year of
ripening. The young plants of 1883 look fully better
matured, perhaps because the flowering occurred in the
beginning of July, instead of, as in 1879, in the beginning
of August. The date of the second flowering was not
recorded. Thus far they have flowered in Orkney every
second year, whereas in New Zealand, it is said, they
mostly flower every third year. In connection with this
paper Mr. Lindsay exhibited a young healthy plant from
the Royal Botanic Garden, which had been raised from
some of the seeds of 1881,
III. "Report on Growth of Half-hardy Plants on the
East Coast of Arran. " By the Rev. D, Landsborough,
Kilmarnock. The measurements are given at 5 feet from
the ground, unless otherwise mentioned : —
The east coast of Arran is more favourable for half-
hardy plants than any place in Scotland, and as favour-
able as any in Britain. Without enumerating all the
half-hardy plants that grow there I shall mention such as
call for special notice.
Gamj. — The Peppermint tree (Eucalyptus amygda-
lina) of Tasmania, tlie tallest tree in the world, grows at
two places in Arran ; the specimen at Cromla, Corrie, is
22 feet in height, and gg inches in girth. The Blue
Gum (E. globulus), at Captain Brown's, Lamlash, a well
shaped tree, is now i foot 7 inches in girth. The White
gum (E. coriacea), and the Cider Gum (E. Gunnii,
synonym E. polyanthemos) also grow freely at the same
place.
Palms. — I saw lately a beautiful photograph, entitled
"The Palm Avenue, Botanic Gardens, Ballarat." This
Victorian Palm grows luxuriantly at Cromla, Corrie, of
three species — Cordyline indivisa, C. australis, and C.
Veitchii.
Tree Ferns. — Arran is the only place in Britain where
the Tree Ferns of AustraHa grow in the open air without
protection in winter. There in a sheltered spot the great
Bush Fern (Dicksonia antarctica) grows with the utmost
luxuriance. This year it sent forth a magnificent crown
of eighteen fronds, each averaging 6 feet in length by 2
feet in breadth. The girth of the stem is 2 feet 4 inches,
height I foot g^ inches. The fronds of Dicksonia squar-
rosa are 2 feet 9 inches in length and 13 inches in breadth,
girth 9I inches.
Among the Ferns of lower degree that grow at Cromla
are Todea superba, T. hymenophylloides, Pteris scabe-
rula, and Trichomanes radicans.
Camellias. — During the whole of April and part of
May the front of Cromla was rendered gay by a plant of
Camellia reticulata, which bloomed abundantly. CameUia
japonica grows freely, but rarely blooms.
Acacia. — One of the most valuable of the timber trees
of Austraha, the Black Wood (Acacia melanoxylon) is
growing well at Cromla, Corrie. The very beautiful
Feather-leaf, or Black Wattle (Acacia decurrens), grows
luxuriantly at Captain Brown's, Lamlash, as does also the
Silver Wattle (A. dealbata).
Broad-leaved China Fir. — After much inquiry it has
at length been satisfactorily determined that this tree,
planted in Brodick Castle High Garden about the
year 1858, is Cunninghamia sinensis, or the Chinese
Broad-leaved Fir. In general appearance and habit it
much resembles Araucaria brasiliana, but the leaves are
more Ught in texture. The cones would be readily dis-
tinguished.
Norfolk Island Pitie.—'Ytio young plants of this most
beautiful tree (Araucaria excelsa) were last summer placed
in Captain Brown's garden at Lamlash. The Captain
was told they would not stand the winter, but he was
determined that they should. Procuring pieces of thick
glass he placed them round the plants, and he put
another over them, so as to admit air in mild weather.
The trees remained in excellent health during the whole
of the winter, and would have been so still had they not
been transplanted in spring. They are now recovering.
Miscellaneous Trees and Shrubs. — The Cork tree
(Quercus suber), 2 feet 3 inches in girth 4 feet from the
ground, grows freely in the Castle grounds, Brodick.
The She Oak or Beef Wood (Casuarina equisetifolia),
13 feet in height, grows freely in the Castle High Garden.
In a side border of the same garden a beautiful white
Heath was in one mass of bloom during the whole of the
menth of April. It is j\ feet in height, and 15 feet in
circumference, and well becomes its name — Erica arborea.
Escallonia rubra albiflora also flowers abundantly. A
beautiful white Sikkim Rhododendron, 14J feet in height,
now blooms in the garden at Cromla, Corrie. It did
not bloom till it was thirty years of age. A plant of the
HoUy-like Desfontainea spinosa, 7 feet 3 inches in height,
comes into bloom at Cromla in the beginning of July,
and continues in bloom till December. A standard
Myrtle (Myrtus communis), 11 feet in height, here blooms
abundantly every year. There are also plants of El^agnus
reflexa variegata, Photinia serrulata, Coccoloba vesper-
tilionis. Azalea amoena (blooms abundantly), Euonymus
latifolia aurea, &c. Pittosporum Ralfii grows at Captain
Brown's, Lamlash. A plant of Buddleia globosa, 19 feet
in height and 7 inches in girth, at Whitehouse, Lamlash,
was during the months of June and July most attractive,
being covered with its sweet-scented orange-coloured
bloom. The early blooming scarlet Rhododendrons at
Whitehouse, as also in the Brodick Castle grounds, are
yearly most gorgeous. Those who have only seen these
most magnificent shrubs in the neighbourhood of towns,
or in places where they are exposed to much frost, have
no idea of what they are in Arran, where there are many
plants of thirty or forty years' growth in perfect health,
without which there cannot be richness of colour. I
much doubt if even in their native Indian mountains
they are more gorgeously magnificent.
IV. "Note onavariegaledform of Aspleniumadiantum
nigrum found at Pitlochrie." By Mr. Robert Lindsay.
This was a fine variegated variety of Asplenium Adian-
tum nigrum which was presented to the garden by
P. H. Rooke, Esq., Weybridge, who obtained it near
Pitlochrie in the autumn. The variegation was better
than usually found on this species.
V. "Report on the Progress of Vegetation at the
Royal Botanic Garden." By Mr. Robert Lindsay,
Curator.
October has been remarkable for the fine, dry, almost
summer-like weather which prevailed throughout the
entire month, frost occurred only once, viz., on the 22d,
when 3° were registered. In consequence of the mild-
ness, deciduous trees have parted with their foliage most
reluctantly, many, which in October are usually stripped
bare of their leaves, were still covered with foliage, few
leaves having fallen, unless those which were so
thoroughly ripened that they dropped off from sheer
exhaustion. Many trees and shrubs have this season
produced grand effects with their autumn tints, which
predominated during the month. The most beautiful
were Acer saccharinum, A. rubrum, A. monspessulanum,
A. Lobbii, and the varieties of A. Pseudo-Platanus ;
Quercus rubra, Q. coccinea, and Q. conferta ; Pyrus
Aria and Pyrus vestita, Salisburia, Beech, Thorns, and
TuUp tree, Ampelopsis, Azaleas, Comus, Mahonias, and
Weigelas, &c. Among herbaceous plants Saxifraga
purpurascens and Funkia Sieboldii were most striking.
A few evergreens have also shown rich colouring, and
contrasted favourably with the more beautiful, but
shorter lived deciduous coloured leaves ; amongst such
may be mentioned Cryptomeria elegans, Thuia elegan-
tissima and aurea. Golden and Silver HoUies, and the
various Japanese Retinosporas. The season, though
favourable for the development of leafage, has apparently
been most unfavourable in developing flower-buds for
next year. Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and other American
plants, which are usually lifted about the end of the
month for forcing purposes, have not for many years
been so deficient in flower-buds. Yew, Holly, and
Cotoneaster have a fair crop of berries, which are now
well coloured. Advantage has been taken of the fine
weather in transplanting and making improvements in
the garden, the ground being in excellent condition for
such operations. The lowest temperatures occurred on
the 2d, 33° ; 12th, 34° ; 22d, 29° ; 23d, 35° ; 30th, 35° ;
while the highest morning readings were, on the 4th,
50°; 7th, 52°; 8th, 52°; 9th, 60°; and 14th, s/°. On the
rock garden thirteen species of plants came into bloom,
making a total for the season of no less than 981, being
the largest number yet recorded as having flowered in
one season, and 107 more than flowered last year ; this
result is not due to the season, but simply to the fact that
new plants are constantly being added to the collection
from various quarters, many of which flower, and are
recorded.
A collection of leaves showing autumn tints came
from the garden. Mr. John Campbell, Ledaig,
Argyllshire, sent a number of flowers from the open air.
Brighton and Hove Chrysanthemum : Nov.
13 and 14. — This Society held its first annual show
in the Dome, Royal Pavilion, Brighton, and taking into
consideration the fact that it was the first attempt, the com-
mittee may congratulate themselves upon having achieved
so great a success. The show in itself was all that could
be desired, and quite surpassed anything ever seen in the
South of England. At the back of the large orchestra
was arranged a collection of fine specimen Chrysanthe-
mums, not for competition, but kindly sent by S. W.
Smith, Esq., The Lawn, Dyke Road, Brighton ; while
more to the front, and on each side, were massive groups,
of all shades of colour, kindly sent by Mr. W. Balchin,
of Hassock's Gate Nursery. In front of the orchestra
(which is of crescent-shape) was arranged a continual row
of very fine standards, in front of them again being a row
of good dwarf-trained plants. The room being circular
in shape, groups were arranged around on the outside
under the balcony, with the cut blooms, fruit, and
vegetables placed on tables in the body of the room,
allowing plenty of space for promenading, and the
general effect, looking from the balcony, was very good.
In the open competition for groups Mr. Miles, of the
West Brighton Nursery, carried off the 1st prize ;
Mr. Spottiswoode, gr. to — Duddele, Esq., Queen's
Park, Brighton, being 2d ; and Mr. Bunney, Dauny
Park, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, 3d. For cut blooms
(twenty-four), incurved, distinct, Mr. Gibson, gr. to J.
Wormald, Esq., Morden Park, Mitcham, Surrey, was
ist ; Mr. J. Ridout, gr. to T. B. Haywood, Esq., Wood-
hatch Lodge, Reigate, Surrey, 2d ; and Mr. Russell, gr.
to Dr. C. F. Lewis, Henfield, Sussex, 3d. For
twelve incurved flowers Mr. Elphick, gr. to J. Glutton,
Esq., The Orchards, Reigate, came in ist ; Mr. Ridout
2d, and Mr. Russell 3d, as in the class above. The
ist prize for twenty-four Japanese varieties was also
taken by Mr. Gibson, Mr. Ridout being 2d, and Messrs.
Dixon & Co., of Hackney, 3d. For twelve Japanese
varieties Mr. Ridout gained ist honours, Messrs. Dixon
& Co. coming in 2d, and Mr. W. Jupp, gr, to — Boulton,
Esq., Torfields, Eastbourne, 3d. The class for large
Anemone flowers brought only two competitors — Mr.
Duncan, Wamham Court, Horsham, Sussex, who was
ist ; and Mr. J. Clark, gr. to Mrs. Joad, Patching
House, Worthing. In the second division, for cut blooms,
Mr. Elphick gained three consecutive ist prizes, Mr.
Jupp being twice 2d, and Mr. Goode, gr. to G. G.
Stone, Esq. , Eastcote, Redhill, Surrey, twice 3d. For six
large Anemone flowers Mr. Ridout was again 1st ; Mr.
Hyde, gr. to R. Bacon, Esq., of the Old Ship Hotel,
Brighton, 2d. The compeution in all the cut flowers
was very keen. Mr. Meachen, gr. to C. Armstrong,
Esq., Woodslee, Withdeane, was 1st in both divisions
for black Grapes, and Mr. Harris, of Denne Park,
Horsham, Sussex, ist in both divisions of white Grapes.
Dessert Apples and Pears were very good, also stewing
Pears and culinary Apples. In the 2d division for groups
Mr. Turner, gr. to Major Way, Wick Hall, Hove, took
the ist prize ; Mr. Bunney being 2d, and Mr. Hill, gr. to
Marriage Wallis, Esq., Withdeane, 3d. Standards and
dwarf-trained Chrysanthemums were very well done, the
principal exhibitors being Mr. Spotdswoode, Mr. Hyde,
and Mr. Meachen, the honours being reversed in differ-
ent classes. The class for trays of vegetables brought
about a strong contest, Mr. Bunney, of Dauny Park,
being ist ; Mr. Manton, gr. to Captain Borror, Clayton
Wickham, 2d ; and Mr. Harris, 3d. Messrs. Sutton
& Sons also offered a handsome prize for the best six
varieties of Potatos, twelve tubers of each, which was
carried off by Mr. W. May, gr. to Mr. G. Neame,
LitUehampton ; Mr. Coombs, Damhurst, Sussex, being
2d ; and Mr. Harris, Denne Park, 3d, In addition to
the show a promenade concert was arranged for each
evening, and which, no doubt, brought much grist to
the treasury. (From a Correspondent.)
Chrysanthemum Shov? at Devizes: Nov. 17.
— ^This is an annual exhibition of this fine autumn flower
held in connection with a benevolent society whose main
object it is to minister to the wants of the poor of
Devizes during the winter months. The show is largely
supported by the Devizes folk ; it is held in the spacious
Corn Exchange, and is admirably arranged by Mr.
Thomas King, the worthy gardener at Devizes Castle.
This show was a remarkably good one, and a most
decided advance on that held last year, and should it yet
increase it will become one of the best exhibitions of the
kind in the West of England.
Plants. — In the class for six plants of large-flowered
Chrysanthemums some capital specimens were staged,
the best commg from Dr. Hitchcock, Fiddington House
(Mr. Offer, gr.), who had large-sized, even, well-grown
and bloomed plants of Mrs. Dixon, Mr. Corbay, Golden
Empress of India, Mrs. Cunningham, Refulgence, and
Christine ; 2d, C. N. May, Esq., Elm Lodge (W. Hall,
gr.), with good examples of Gloria Mundi, Mrs. G.
Rundle, Queen of England, Alfred Salter, Empress of
India, and Mrs. Dixon ; 3d, B. W. E. Clarke, Esq.,
Trowbridge (Mr. G. Tucker, gr.). In the class for four
plants some excellent examples were staged by E. B.
Anstie, Esq., Devizes (W. Plant, gr.), the varieties
being Mrs. Dixon, Queen of England, Prince of Wales,
and Mrs. G. Rundle (the flowers of the first-named were
particularly fine) ; 2d, E. E. Colston, Esq., Roundhay
Park, Devizes (Mr. H. Clack, gr.), who had well
grown and flowered plants of White Venus, Golden
Christine, Mrs. Dixon, and Barbara. Mr. Tucker had
the best six plants of pompon Chrysanthemums, staging
good specimens of Stella, Mr. Holborn, Golden Per-
fection, Andromeda, Rosamond, and Aurora Borealis ;
2d, Mr. Hale, with a creditable lot ; Mr. Plant being
3d. Mr. H. Clack had the best four plants, staging
excellent flowered examples of Marabout, Rob, Mdlle.
Marthe, and Mrs. Dix ; 2d, Dr. Hitchcock, having
Mrs. Dix and Astrea, very good. The really very
fine specimens of Japanese Chrysanthemums were a
surprise, but they were trained a little too flat, though
finely grown and flowered. The varieties in Mr. C. N.
May's colleclion, to which the ist prize was awarded, were
Fleurd'Hiver, Peter theGreat.James Salter, Soleil Levant,
Bertha Rendatler, and Elaine ; 2d, Mr. G. Tucker, with
good plants of Soleil Levant, Elaine, Nymph, James
Salter, &c. Dr. Hitchcockhadthebestfour, grown upright,
and grandly bloomed : they were Magnum Bonum, Album
plenum, Peter the Great, and Fair Maid of Guernsey ;
2d, Mr. H. Clack, with Soleil Levant, Bertha Rendatler,
Elaine, and James Salter. In the previous classes the
pots in which the plants were growing were restricted to
pots 12 inches in diameter ; but in order to ascertain
whether better specimens could be grown in larger pots
prizes were offered for four specimens in any sized pots ;
but the result seemed to be that as good a specimen
could be grown in a 12-inch pot as in one of larger
dimensions. Mr. C. N. May was ist, with George
Glenny, Mrs. G. Rundle, Gloria Mundi, and Empress of
India ; 2d, Mr. G. Tucker, with Mrs. G. Rundle, Mrs.
Dixon, Mr. Corbay, and Alma. One class was for
groups of miscellaneous plants, arranged for eflect, Mr.
H. Clack being placed ist with an excellent lot, arranged
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
669
in a circle, and consisting of Crotons, Palms, Dracaenas,
various flowering plants, &c. ; 2d, T. Chandler, Esq ,
Devizes (gr., A. S. Ledweli), with a capital group also.
Cut Flowers. — Some very good blooms were shown,
especially by Dr. Hitchcock, whohad the besttwelvelnfour
distinct varieties ; they were Lady Hardinge, Mr. Bunn,
Prince of Wales, and White Venus. Mr. [ohn B.iylie,
Bristol, was 2d, with Mrs. Cunningham, a white variety
not generally found in collections ; Golden Mmpress of
India, Prince Allred. and Barbara — both lots very good
indeed ; and Dr. Hitchcock had the best of twelve Japan-
ese varieties, having good blooms of Album plenum, Mons.
de Germiny, Luteum striatum. Fair Maid of Guernsey,
Peter the Great, Fleur d'Hiver, Cry Kang, Bouquet Fait,
Sarnia, Elaine, &c. 2d, Mr. Clack, with good tlowers.
Mr. John Baylis had the best twelve blooms of incurved
flowers, distinct, his leading blooms being Mrs. Heale,
Prince of Wales, Bronze Jardin des Planies, Pink Perfec-
tion, Princess of Wales, General Bainbrigge, Prince
Alfred, Baron Beust, &c. 2d, Mr. (}. Hobbs, Lower
Easton, his best blooms being Beverley, Golden Beverley,
Nil Desperandum, IVince of Wales, Princess Teck, &c.
Dr. Hitchcock had the best twelve, shown with 4 inches
of stem and toliage ; Mr. Clack being 2d. The premier
plant was a specimen of Mrs. Cunningham, shown by Dr.
Hitchcock in class i., and the premier bloom, Prince
Alfred, shown by Mr. May.
Fruit. — But one general collection was shown in the
class open to fruiterers of Devizes ; it came from Mr.
Chivers, and deserved the highest praise for its variety
and arrangement.
Vegetables.— Mr. J. Lye, Clyffe Hall, Market Laving-
ton, sent a collection of his new varieties of Potatos, viz.,
Wiltshire Giant, a large red kidney ; Purple King, Clyffe
Hall, Wiltshire Giant, Progress, and Beauty of the
West. Samples of each were cooked, and while all were
of good table quality the last-named was found pre-emin-
ently good, and a First-class Certificate of Merit was
awarded to it.
Loughborough Chrysanthemum. — This, the
ninth annual show in connection with this Society, was
held in the Corn Exchange on the 17th inst. The various
productions exhibited were of that generally meritorious
character for which the Society has become noted ; many
of the blooms, especially in the section for Japanese
varieties, were the largest ever seen in Loughborough,
and many of the incurved class measured 5 inches in
diameter and nearly as much in depth. The competition
in all classes was of the keenest, making the work of the
judges one of some difficulty. Many of the gentlemen's
gardeners in the neighbourhood took part in the con-
tests. The President of the Society, the Rev. John
Bird, Walton Rectory, was most successful in the first
four classes for pot-grown specimens, being ist in each.
In the pompon classes the most successful competitors
were Mr. ]. Smith and Mr. J. Maxted. In cut blooms
Mr. Bird was awarded ist for eighteen incurved distinct
varieties; 2d, Messrs. J. & H. Hickling ; 3d, Mr. J.
Smith. For twelve incurved Mr. Bird was again ist ; Mr.
H. Smith, gr. to Sir W. H. Salt, Bart., 2d ; Messrs.
J. & H. Hickling 3d. In the competition for twelve
blooms, Japanese varieties, ist, Mr. H. Smith ; 2d, Mr.
Bird. In that for six blooms, Japanese, the results were
similar — ist. Mr. H. Smith ; 2d, Mr. Bird.
The fruit section of the show contained some excellent
samples of Grapes by several exhibitors, those of Mr.
Shaw and Mr, Squires being adjudged the best, Messrs.
Hickling, Mr. Smith, Mr. McLean, Dr. Palmer, and
Mr. Bird taking pMzes in the competition for Apples and
Pears, as well as in the Grape classes. The attendance
of visitors was very good throughout the day.
Bath Chrysanthemum Show : Nov. 14 and 15.
— Early spring and late autumn shows oftener than other-
wise are a drag on the resources of the societies that sup-
plement their principal exhibitions with displays of these
first and latest of the year's flowers. So much is this the
case that in some places where they have been introduced
the promoters have been obliged to discontinue them.
Yet it is a pity that such should be the case, ior the
flowers that herald spring, and those that linger longest
with us, are the most acceptable. And if the public for
whose pleasure these displays are brought together
would second the efforts of those who thus cater for
public enjoyment the societies in every large town might
have their Hyacinth and Chrysanthemum shows. This
exhibition was held in the Assembly Rooms, and was a
marked success both as regards the extent and quality
of the display, and equally so in the crowds of visitors
who thronged the spacious rooms of the building. Chry-
santhemums in the shape of plants and cut flowers were
well represented, a desirable feature in the plants being
that most of the exhibitors had not carried the training
to such unnatural lengths as often practised. Specimens
trianed as flat as a pancake, and as much in diameter as
the driving wheels of an express railway engine, may
exemphfy what is possible in cultivation ; but they go
further, to show to what extent unnatural distortion may
be carried. Here many of the plants were tied with a
view to the requisite support, rather than, as often
apparent, to exhibit the precis on with which the flowers
can be arranged. Chrysanthemum growers seem to
be so well acquainted with the sorts that answer best
for pot specimens, that the varieties staged at any
important show are almost a reflex of those to be seen at
all the others.
In the class for six large-flowered sorts Mr. Bradner
as usual took the lead with a nicely flowered group ; 2d,
Mr. H. Scott, 3d Mr. R. B. Cater. Four large-flowered
varieties. — ist, Major W. P. Clarke ; 2d, Mr. Lansdown
Daubeny. Six Japanese kinds.— ist. Major Clarke ; 2d,
Mr. R. B. Cater, who both staged well bloomed plants.
Six pompon varieties. — ist, Mr. Bradner ; 2d, Major
Clarke. Four pompons.— ist, Mr. 11. Scjtt ; 2d, Mr.
R. B. Cater. Single specimen largc-flowered Chrysan-
themums.—Mr. R. B. Citer was easily ist here, with a
huge example of Peter the Great. 7 feet across, bearing
some six hundred of its yellow flowers— it was in the
form of a dense bush about 4 feet high and not over-
trained ; 2d, Major Clarke.
Six large-flowered Chrysanthemums, in 8-inch pMs,
trained suitably for a conservatory. — Here, too. Mr.
Bradner took ist honours, staging a well managed half
dozen ; 2d, Messrs. Cooling & Son. Three standard
Chrysanthemums.— 1st, Mr. Bradner, with plants very
well bloomed ; 2d, M.ijor Clarke, llie clxss for groups
of Chrysanthemums, occupying a space of 12 feet by 6,
were quite a feature of tlie show, Mr. Lansdown Dau-
beny taking the lead ; 2d, Mr. S. P. Budd ; 3d, Mr. J.
W. Brown. Collections of miscellaneous flowering and
finc-lcaved plants were contributed by Messrs. Cooling
& Son, and Mr. W. C. Drummond, who took the prizes
in the order of their names.
The Primulas were almost an exhibition in themselves,
an immense number being staged, filling the middle of
the centre stage of the large room. With twelve singles,
six dark and six light, Mr. F.J. Walker was ist. Mrs.
Counsell 2d. Six singles, any colour. — ist, Mr. T. Can-
ning ; 2d, Mr. F. J. Walker. Four double Primulas. —
ist, Mr. E. F. Pocock ; 2d, Mrs. Counsell. Six fine-
foliu^ed plints.— ist, Mr. E. E. Bryant ; 2d, Mr. W.
C. Drummond. Four fine-foliaged plants. — ist, Mr. R.
B. Cater ; 2d, Mr. T. Jolly. Single stove or greenhouse
plant, in floA'er.- ist, Mr. E. E. Bryant, with Bougain-
villea glabra, well bloomed ; 2d, Mr. W. H. Mould,
staging Impatiens Sultani ; 3d, Mr. T. Jolly, who had
a large dense bush of the seldom seen Eupatorium
odoratum.
Cut blooms were really well shown, the competitors
being numerous, and the flowers in excellent condition.
In the classes for large kinds there was enough variety,
the deep compact forms being represented as well as the
large loose sorts — a desideratum far from general now-a-
days at many exhibitions. With twenty-four Mr. Baylis
was well in front with a beautiful stand, noticeable in
which were splendid flowers of Empress of India, Princess
of Wales, Barbara, White Venus, Prince Alfred, Baron
Beust, Guernsey Nugget, and Jardm des Plantes ; 2d,
Mr. Hobbs ; 3d, Mr. D. C. Powell, both having very
good stands. Twelve large-flowered varieties. — ist,
Mr. Pethick ; 2d, Mr. J. Waite ; 3d, Mr. W. Fox.
Twelve varieties of pompons, shown in threes. — ist, Mr.
Jolly ; 2d, Mr. H. Scott. The Anemone sorts were well
done. For twelve Mr. W. Pethick had ist, with beau-
tiful flowers, amongst which were Empress, Louis
Bonamy, Acquisition, Fleur de Marie, and Lady Mar-
garet; 2d, Mr. Baylis. As usual, the Japanese varieties were
the most attractive, ist honours for twelve going to Mr.
D. C. Powell, who, along with others, had finely developed
blooms of Madame C. Andiguier, Fair Maid of Guern-
sey, Meg Merrilies, Soleil Levant, Daimio, and Album
plenum ; 2d, Mr. Pethick, who also had beautiful
flowers. One of the most attractive features we have
seen at any exhibition this year were the baskets filled
with foliage, green and tinted, to which berries were
added or not at the discretion of the exhibitors. Of
these there were from twenty to thirty exhibitors,
their productions collectively making a charming dis-
play, in most cases the baskets being very tastefully
arranged, ist, Miss Pearce ; 2d, Mr. H. Lord ; 3d,
Miss Martin. Hand bouquet.— ist, Mr. W. H. Mould ;
2d. Mr. Hookings. Three button-hole bouquets. — ist,
Mr. M. Hookings ; 2d, Mr. W. K. Wait. Vase of cut
flowers. — ist, Mr. Hookings ; 2d, Miss Annie Turner.
Pruix. — Grapes were shown in excellent condition.
With a collection of six dishes of fruit Mr. Nash, gr. to
the Duke of Beaufort, took ist, staging nice Muscat of
Alexandria Grapes, and Black AUcante in beautiful
order, large bunches, and good berries, splendidly
finished ; with these was a good dish of Beurr^ Diel
Pears, a Melon, Medlars, and Rei Nonpareil Apples.
2d, Mr. Bannister, gr. to H. St. Vincent Ames. Esq.,
who also had a nice collection, including Black Ham-
burgh and Bowood Muscat Grapes. Four bunches of
Grapes.— These were well represented, Mr. Nash here
also showing Muscat of Alexandria and Black Alicante,
both good ; Mr. Bannister, who was 2d, had smaller
examples of Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexandria,
the last-named being unusually fine in colour. Apples
were shown in quantity, and nothing could exceed the
beautiful condition they were in ; all the leading kinds,
both dessert and culinary, were present, remarkable for
the intense colour which they put on in this favoured
Apple district. Six dishes, dessert. — ist, Mr. Pinder ;
2d, Mr. H. Beavis. Four dishe?, dessert. — ist, Mr. E.
Hull ; 2d, Mr. H. Taylor. Six dishes, culinary. — ist,
Mrs. S. Butler ; 2d, Mr. A. Beavis. Pears likewise were
well shown, but in comparatively much less numbers
than the Apples. With six dishes, Mr. A. George had
ist, Mr. F. R. Smith 2d. Four dishes of Pears.— ist,
Mr. E. Jones ; 2d, Mr. R. B. Cater.
Staines and Egham District. — The second ex-
hibition of this young Society was held in the Literary
Institute, Egham, on the 15th inst., but owing to the
darkness of the rooms occupied, and their limited area,
an otherwise capital display of Chrysanthemums was
robbed of its charms, and we can but hope, in the in-
terest of the shows, that the fine Town Hall at Staines
will be, henceforth, the only place of exhibition. The
groups of plants arranged for effect formed a strong
feature, there being eight of these in the competition, the
ist place being taken by Mr. Thatcher, gr. to H. O.
Bennett, Esq., Thorpe, whose bank of plants ran from
20 inches in the front up to 6 feet at the back, presenting
an unusually large area of bloom and forming a most
attractive arrangement. Mr. Springthorpe, gr. to G. H.
P.ilmer, Esq., Egham, was 21I. with alirsi-ratelotofbloom
on his plants ; and Mr. Riddick, gr. to W. Paice, Esq.,
Egham, came 3d. Trained plants were not largely
shown, stand.irds, perhaps, being predominant, and as
training goes these were well done and finely (lowered.
Mr, Riddick had the best four large-flowered kinds, and
Mr. Jennett the best pair. Mr. Thatcher's single trained
plant was Golden Christine, capitally flowered, though of
no great merit, and was placed ist. Zonal Pelargoniums
are usually done well at this show and on this occasion
there came a nuniber of richly flowered plants from Mr.
Cox, gr. to J. F. Mervielle, Esq., Staines, that well
merited the ist place. Several other lots were stiged.
Solanums make a pleasing feature, and of these small
but finely berried plants came from Mr. D. C!hallis, gr.
to A. F. Govett, Esq., Virginia Water, that well merited
the ist prize, though the other lots were very good. Very
fine indeed were the pots of Mignonette shown, the six
sent by Mr. Belcher, gr. to Baroness Halkett were some
18 inches in height and full of bloom ; those which took 2d
placeand came from Mr. Hutchings.gr. to C. Ashby, Esq.,
Staines, were some 10 inches in height, but dense and
compact and covered with bloom. Some good Chinese
Primroses came from Mr. Thomas, Englefi'jld Green,
whose six plants of the Ruby type were well grown and
flowered. Several other lots were also excellent, Mr.
Thatcher's lot being specially worthy of notice. Open
classes for twenty-four incurved blooms and same of
Japanese kinds brought in the first a very good competi-
tion. Mr. Hill, gr. to A. Savory, Esq., Chertsey, was
1st, with some aipital blooms, though run very close by
Mr. Strong, gr., Wellington College, and by Mr. J.
Strong, gr. to H. Sweet, Esq., Weybridge, who came 3d.
In the Japanese class the same places were held by
Messrs. Hill and Strong, the blooms in both cases being
similar to those so largely noticed at other shows last
week. Mr. Bloomfield, gr. to B. Warwick, Esq., Engle-
field Green, Mr. Thatcher and Mr, Hutchings had some
good incurved blooms in the limited class, but the Japan-
ese flowers were only of moderate quality. In the class
for a dozen incurved blooms Mr. Springthorpe was a
good ist, with excellent flowers, Mr. Gray coming 2d,
and an easy ist with twelve Japanese. Some very fine
flowers were shown in a special class for prizes offered
by the Secretary, Mr. Rawlins, comprising six incurved
and six Japanese, two kinds only ; the 1st place was taken
by Mr. Riddick with Princess of Wales and Fair Maid ;
and Mr. Bloomfield was 2d, with White Empress and
Soleil Levant.
Fruit and vegetables were well shown. Some splendid
Lady Downe's Grapes, sent not for competition, were
put up by Mr. Robinson, Cooper's Hill, as also some
fine Muscat of Alexandria and Gros Colmar ; and Mr.
Peckham, gr. to A. Sharpe, Esq., Thorpe, had some
remarkably fine Alicantes. The best two bunches of
black Grapes came from Mr. Craile. gr. to F. Yeo, Esq.,
Staines — very finely finished Madresfield Court ; Mr.
Bloomfield coming 2d with Lady Downe's. Several
beautiful lots of Apples were shown, and capital vege-
tables.
Kingston Chrysanthemum Show. — In addition
to the information conveyed to our readers in last week's
issue concerning the awards given and the general fea-
tures of this important suburban show, may be specified
the several groups of miscellaneous plants, warm-hojise
and greenhouse kinds, which were arranged in accord-
ance with the schedule requirements. In this class ot
exhibits ist prize was awarded to Mr. T. Glover, gr. to
W. Evill, Esq., Worcester Court, Worcester Park,
whose group consisted mainly of Calanthes, Palms of
graceful contour. Ferns, Begonias, Chrysanthemums,
and other minor plants, the whole arrangement being
done with a light hand and graceful in effect ; 2d, Mr,
J. Martin, gr. to — Forder, Esq., Elm Lodge, Surbiton,
for a somewhat similarly composed group of Palms,
Pandanus, Dracaenas, Lycopodiums, &c. ; 3d, Mr. C.
Cattrell, gr.. Bank Grove Gardens, Kingston. In the
class for three trained specimens of the large-flowered
incurved varieties, ist, Mr. Sallow, gr. to J. J. Flack,
Esq., Hampton Road. His plants consisted of the sorts
L'Isle des Plantes, Fleur d'Hiver, and Prince of Wales,
all of them in excellent condition ; 2d, Mr. J. Hoskins,
gr. to S. Williams, Esq., The Laurels, with an almost
equally good lot of specimens ; 3d, Mr. R. Watson, gr.
to J. M'Kostie, Esq. In the class for cut blooms, twelve
distinct varieties, ist, Mr. E. Coombs, gr. to F. A.
Brown, Esq., Lawn Bank, Teddington, whose stand
consisted of finely finished blooms of Queen of England,
John Salter, Golden Queen of England, Alfred Salter,
Angehne, Nil Desperandum, Mrs. Heale, Prince Alfred,
Golden Beverley, Lady Hardinge, Barbara, and Hero of
Stoke Newington ; 2d, Mr. Lyne, Belvedere, who had
capital blooms, of which may be specified as very supe-
rior. Queen of England, Refulgence. Mr. Bunn, Prince
Alfred ; 3d, Mr. Fyfe, gr. to W. F. Dick, Esq.,
Thames Ditton ; 4th, Mr. R. Watson, gr, to J.
M'Kostie, Esq. For six large flowered incurved dis-
tinct varieties. — ist, Mr. J. Story, Thames Street. Wey-
bridge, who staged some immense blooms of Golden
Empress, Empress of India, Alfred Salter, Mrs. Heale,
Cherub, and Princess of Wales ; 2d, Mr. F. A. Benson,
gr. to W. H. Roots, Esq., Canbury House, Kingston ;
3d. Mr. Orchard, gr. toj. Galsworthy, Esq. The above-
mentioned blooms consisted of such as would be recog-
nised as first-class ones in any show. For six blooms of
an incurved variety. — ist, Mr. Molyneux, who showed
a very fine Princess of Wales in his usual well-finished
style ; 2d, Mr. Strong, Thames Street, Weybridge, with
Empress of India ; 3d, Mr. T. Benson. The awards
made to those who had never taken a Chrysanthemum
prize before, were, ist, Mr. Bates, gr., Poulet Lodge,
670
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 1883.
Twickenham, who had excellent blooms, notably Queen
of England, Alfred Salter, Nil Desperandum ; 2d, Mr.
Hoskins ; 3d, Mr. H. C. Lambert, gr. to W. Truefitt,
Esq., Percy House, Teddington. The competition in
the class for twelve Japanese varieties was an exceedingly
interesting one, the blooms shown being, if anything',
larger than in the class for twenty-four, and very
varied, many of them of newer introduction, ist,
Mr. Molyneux ; 2d, Mr. J. Childs, gr. to W. Slade,
Esq., Cleygate ; 4th, Mr. J. Burns, gr. to H. A. Rigg,
Esq., Hersham. For six distinct varieties of Japanese
blooms. — 1st, Mr. Orchard, with Triomphe de Ch^telet,
Madame C. Andiguier, Criterion, Mens. Ardenne, P^re
Delaux, Madame Lacroix ; 2d, Mr. T. Benson ; 3d, Mr.
D. Gibbon. In the competition with one Japanese variety
only, ist, Mr. Molyneux, with Madame C. Andiguier ;
2d, Mr. Becket, with Boule d'Or ; 3d, Mr. Woodgate,
with Madame B. Rendatler. For those who had never
taken a prize in a Chrysanthemum show there was a class
for six Japanese varieties in which)Mr. Munroe, Cambridge
House, was awarded ist prize ; 2d, Mr. W. Bates ; 3d,
Mr. H. C. Lambert. It is fair to state, that although
the samples shown were beaten by many blooms in the
show, they were very fair samples of careful cultivation.
In the class for twelve Anemone-iiowered varieties, in not
less than six sorts, Mr. Molyneux was ist ; 2d, Mr. J.
Lyne ; 3d, Mr. Woodgate. For twelve bunches of pompon
Chrysanthemums, distinct varieties. — ist, Mr. Clark, gr.
to A. Nagle, Esq., Bijou Cottage. Kingston ; 2d, Mr.
Lyne ; 3d, Mr. Becket, gr. to J. P. Currie, Esq., San-
down House, Esher. The exhibits of twelve bunches
Anemone pompons, in not less than eight varieties, were
very bright samples of these brilliant little flowers, ist,
Mr. Becket ; 2d, Mr. T. A. Benson ; 3d, Mr. |. Moor-
man, gr. to Miss Christy, Combe. There were some of
the plants which are so commonly used for dinner-table
decorations placed in the centre of the long tables on
which the cut blooms were displayed, making an artistic
and natural setting and foil to these. The ist prize was
awarded to Mr. E. Becket ; 2d, Mr. Munroe ; 3d, Mr.
J. Lyne, for nine plants. Mr. Buss took ist in the class
for six. There were some small lots of Chinese Primu-
las, six very well flowered, as were also berried plants
and Cyclamen.
In the fruit classes, ist, Mr, Attrell, with four dishes
of Apples, two dessert and two culinary, with excellent
samples ; 2d, Mr. T. Glover. In the competition for the
four best dishes of Pears, ist, Mr. G. King, who showed
very fair samples of Beurre Diel, Duchesse d'Angoultime,
Comte de Flandres, and Catillac ; 2d, Mr. C. Orchard.
In the purely amateur classes entries were not very
numerous, nor particularly fine, when compared with the
productions shown in the open ones. For twelve Chry-
santhemum blooms, in not less than six varieties, ist,
Mr. G. Smith, St. James" Road, Kingston ; 2d. Mr. W.
Minett, Gibbon Road, Kingston ; 3d, Mr. Chadwick,
Lawn Cottage, Berrylands. In the class for six varieties
Mr. R. Burton and Mr. W. J. Lemon, of the Surrey
Comet Office, were respectively 2d and 3d. For
six Japanese varieties, of which medium - sized
blooms were shown but of new kinds. — ist, Mr.
H. A. Holt ; 2d, Mr. Minett ; 3d, Mr. Chadwick.
In this section, six bunches of pompons, three spikes
each, the prizes were taken by Mr. W. G. Smith, ist ;
Mr. W. J. Lemon 2d, Mr. R. Burton, Canbury Park
Road, 3d. A few entries were made by cottagers, Mr.
R. Boss taking ist prizes in the class for six Chrysan-
themums in pots, and for the single specimen plant ;
and Messrs. M. Mendell, R. Press, and A. Pacey for
twelve blooms of Chrysanthemums of any section, ex-
cluding pompons ; and for six blooms by Mr. Grist 1st,
and Mr. Keene 2d. For six bunches of pompons shown
in the usual way, ist, Mr. Minett ; 2d, Mr. A. Pacey ;
3d, Mr. R. Press.
Prizes were offered for table decorations, open to
ladies only. The competition was not severe, as
but few were shown, and those that were, com-
posed chiefly of wild flowers, twigs of hardy
shrubs and trees, with a suitable setting of autumn
tinted foliage, seemed to please the fair judges
the best. The ist prize was awarded to Mrs. Hardy,
and the 2d to Mrs. Drewett, who also took ist and
2d prizes in the. competition for table decorations
where cut flowers and foliage were used only. Mrs.
Hardy was also the \vinner of the best buttonhole
bouquet; 2d, Mr. C. Orchard ; 3d, Mr. M'Kostie. The
ist prize for the best arrangement of Chrysanthemums
and foliage, in which cottagers only were permitted to
compete, was awarded to Mr. Press. Messrs. Jackson,
of Kingston, showed their new Chrysanthemum Mdlle.
Lacroix, a fine white Japanese variety that had pre-
viously obtained a First-class Cerdficate from the Floral
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society at South
Kensington on November i. The flower was much
admired for its size and the purity of its colouring.
classes were large and well-grown, while grain, poultry,
and cottagers' flowers and home-made produce were
well represented. The writer showed, not for competition,
specimens of Chou de Burghley, and was Highly Com-
mended. W. J. MurpJiY.
Clonmel Root, Fruit, and Flower Show.-r-
This was held on the 14th inst. in the spacious skating
rink and the grounds adjoining, and both in the variety
and superiority of the exhibits exceeded anything of the
kind hitherto held here. Lord Lismore (Mr. Frazer, gr.)
got the Silver Cup for an admirably well-grown" collec-
tion of about forty different garden vegetables ; Captain
Moore, Barne, being 2d ; and Winston Dugare, Esq.,
3d. The coUeciions of fruit contained some fine
varieties of Grapes, Apples, and Pears, the prizes going,
1st, to Mrs. Thos. Malcomson (Mr. Crehan, gr.), and
Lord Lismore 2d. In the extra class, not for competi-
tion, Messrs. T. Phelan and F. Clibborn had select
stands of Chrysanthemums ; and D. Saunders, Esq.,
Friar's Walk, Cork, had seventy-two varieties of Chry-
santhemums (very Highly Commended), eighty-four dis-
tinct varieties of fruit, and fifty of stpve and greenhouse
cat-fldft'ers. " The roots in thfe ifentlenien's and farmer's
^\t mt^i\tt.
STATE OF THE
WEA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, LONDON,
For the Week ending Wednesday, November 21, 1883
Hygrome-
trical De-
Barometer.
Temperature of
THE Air.
ductions
from
Glaisher's
Wind.
Tables 6th
Q
Edition.
a
J
<
M
g
i
z
S
m
to
X
i
i
3
go
S
5Si.
0 2 i2
III
1
> h
<
f4
Nov.
In.
In.
Tn.
IS
=9-79
+0.0341.9
29.0
12.9
35.6
— S-7
84{
83!
16
29.60
-0.1S48.5
38.0
10 5
44.0
+ 1.8
39 4
w.s'.'w." "
17
29S7
— 0.1749.5
34.5i5.o'4I.9
- 0-'39.2' 92|
S.S.W.:! ,
w.s W;°-'°
18
29.77
+0.0S49.6
33.815.842.4
+ "-sa?.! 82
N.W. '0.00
19
29.79
+ 0.C9S0.0
40.0 10.044.5
+ 2.736.7 80 j
S.S.W. P-"'
30
39.81
+aii47.s
3S.0 9.543-«
+ 1-437.2 79
W. : 0.03
21
29.77
+0.0851.7
37.5>4-2J4S.S+ 3-8
3-1 -{
W.SW :' ^
W.NW°°2
Mean
2973
—0.01 48 .4
35.8 12.6 42 .6 H- 0.6
36.9 82
W. S.W0.33
Nov. 15.— Fine, cold day ; fog in morning. Dull night ; a
few drops of rain.
— 16. — Rain in early morning. Fine day and night.
— 17. — Fine morning till 8.4; a.m. ; slight rain. Heavy
shower fiom 1.30 p.m. to 3 pm. Fine, clear
night.
— 18. — Fine day; cloudy from 4 p.m ; rain from 7.30
P.M. occasionally. The maximum temperature of
this day took place at midnight.
— 19 — Dull morning; rain from 8,45 A.M. till 9.30 A.M. ;
bright at 9.45 a.m. Fine clear day and night.
— 20. — Fme and bright at times, mostly|overcast ; rain fall-
ing from 3 P.M. to 4 P.M. Fine clear night.
Lightning at 5.30.
— 21. — Ram in early morning, and showers throughout
the day. Fine night ; windy.
London : Atmospheric Pressure, — During the week
ending November 17, the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea increased from 29.77 inches at the
beginning of the week to 29.83 inches by 9 A,M. on
the nth, decreased to 29.72 inches by midnight on
the same day, increased to 30.19 inches by midnight
on the 13th, decreased to 29.68 inches by 9 A,M. on
the l6th, increased to 29.90 inches by midnight on the
same day, and was 29.77 inches by the end of the
week.
The mean reading for the week at the level of the
sea was 29.91 inches, being 0.31 inch higher than last
week, and 0.04 inch below the average of the week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was49''.5, on the 17th; the highest
reached on the 15th was 4i°.9. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 45°. I.
The lowest temperature was 29°, on the 15 th ; on
the i6th the lowest was 38°. The mean of the seven
low night temperatures was 32°.6.
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
15°, on the 17th ; and the smallest was 9°.6, on the
nth. The general mean was I2°.5,
The mean temperatures were — on November II,
40°,6 ; on the 12th, 36°,6 ; on the 13th, 37°.7 ; on
the 14th, 37°.2 ; on the 15th, 36°.6; on the i6th,
44° ; and on the 17th, 4i°.9 ; and these were all
below their averages (excepting the l6th, which was
I°,8 above) by 2°.6, 6°,3, 5°, 5°,3, s°.7, and 0°,I
respectively.
The mean temperature was 39°. 2, being 5° lower
than last week, and 3°. 3 lower than the average of the
week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 8i°.5, on the 17th. The mean of the seven
readings was 7o°.6.
The lowest reading of a thermometer with its bulb
placed on short grass was 22". 5, on the 14th and I5lh.
The mean of the seven readings was 25°,6.
Rain, — Rain fell on the l6th and 17th, to the
amount of 0.27 inch.
England : Temperature, — During the week ending
November 17 the highest temperatures were 53°. 2 at
Truro, 52°.7 at Plymouth, and si°.i at Brighton ; the
highest at Bradford was 45°, at Bolton 45°.!, and at
Wolverhampton 45°. 7. The general mean was 48°.
The lowest temperatures in the week were 21° at
Nottingham, 32°.5 at Bristol, and. .22°. 8 at Cam-'
bridge; the lowest at Liverpool was 3Z°,6, at Ply-
mouth, 32°.5, and at Brighton 3i°.l. The general
mean was 27°. 3.
The greatest ranges in the week were 27°.5 at
Bristol, 27°.2at Truro, and 27°.2 at Cambridge ; the
smallest ranges were I5°.4 at Liverpool, I5°.8 at
Bradford, and i6°,5 at Preston, The general mean
was 20'. 7.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 52°, at Plymouth 49°, and at Cam-
bridge 46°. 7 ; and was lowest at Preston, 42°.$, at
Bradford 42°. 7, and at Leicester 42°.9. The general
mean was 45°. I,
The mean of the seven low night temperatures
was highest at Truro, 38°, at Plymouth 35°. 7, and at
Liverpool 35°.7 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton,
27°.4, at Nottingham 29°.7, and at Leicester 30°.3,
The general mean was 32°. 9.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Wolverhampton, I5°.7, at Cambridge I4°.9, and at
Bristol I4°.2 ; and was least at Liverpool, 9°,4, and
at Bradford and Preston 9°,5, The general mean was
I2°.2,
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 44°. 6,
at Plymouth 42°, and at Liverpool 40° ; and was
lowest at Wolverhampton, 34°.8, at Leicester 36°.2,
and at Nottingham 36°. 3. The general mean was
38°.6.
Rain. — The largest falls were — 1.73 inch at Truro,
1.29 inch at Wolverhampton, and 1.25 inch at
Leicester; the smallest falls were — 0.27 inch at
Blackheath, 0.28 inch at Bradford, and 0.30 inch at
Bristol, The general mean fall was o. 70 inch. Rain
fell on six days at Hull.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing November 17 the highest temperature was 46°. 6,
at Dundee ; at Glasgow the highest in the week was
45°' 2. The general mean was 46°.
The lowest temperature in the week was I9°.S, at
Paisley ; at Aberdeen the lowest temperature was
3''''9' The general mean was 27". 2.
The mean temperature was highest at Aberdeen,
39°. 7 ; and lowest at Glasgow, 34°.4. The general
mean was 37°.4.
Rain. — The largest fall was 0.87 inch at Aberdeen ;
and the smallest was 0.05 inch at Edinburgh, The
general mean fall was 0.30 inch.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S,
@iri|u:rrits.
' ' Hi that ijuestiotteth mticJi shalt leant muck." — Bacon.
Kay's Dendeometer.— Mr. Fowler gives very high
praise to this as an efficient instrument for measuring
trees. Where can it be procured ? Q.
The Corsican Pine (Pinus Laricio).— Will some
of your correspondents who have had experience with
planting this tree on a large scale kindly report the
results, and oblige. X.
Answers to Correspondents.
Apple Grown at Belvoir : W. ' J. The Apple
grown in the orchards at Belvoir Castle under the
name of Herefordshire Pearmain is not the true Here-
fordshire Pearm_ainj but very closely _ resembles the
variety known in Sussex as the Forge Apple— if, in-
deed, it be not that sort.
Books ; Vitis. The Grape Vine, by Mr. A. F, Barronp
Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick.
Cattleya superea : J, L, If you will grow it on a
block, in a warm house, and keep it always moist, but
not too wet when growing, you will succeed admirably.
Chrysanthemum : '/. H. Your sport from Mrs.
George Rundle is not a poor flower, being incurved
and primrose-yellow in colour ; but it is not so good as
we already have in yellows, being too flat. The new
Bendigo beats it hollow.
Fo.\ Covert : R. G. F. Gorse may be sown or planted,
but in either case a good deep cultivation of the soil should
be undertaken, during the winter, and, if poor, manure
should be added to insure vigorous growth. The seeds
may either be put into drills, or sown broadcast and
harrowed-in, in the proportion of 6 lb. to the acre. If
planted with strong stuff, it should not be put in
nearer than 3 feet apart, for if too thickly planted the
Gorse would grow quickly, certainly, and a great
quantity of the plants would die from overcrowding —
and as that would happen in an irregular fashion un-
sightly bare patcheswould be visible for some few years ;
4840 plants at this distance would be required per acre,
and Thorns at 20 feet apart would eventually meet over
the whole surface ; although many years would elapse
before they did so. At the latter distance you would
require about 108 per acre.
Names of Fruit : B. B. Apples: 2, Blenheim Orange ;
3, Bess Pool ; 4, Aromatic Russet ; 5, Blenheim
Orange. Pears: 1, Beurr6 Clairgeau ; 6, Hughes'
Bergamot.— 7". Marriott. 2 and 3, Cox's Orange
Pippin ; 4, Blenheim Orange ; 5, Margil ; 6, King of
the Pippins ; 7, Cellini.—//, i, red Apple, not known ;
2. yellow, a small Emperor Ale.xander. — Bell if Son.
8, King of the Pippins ; 9, Red Autumn Cajyille ; io,
Warner's Pippin ; 12, Warner's King. The one
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
671
named Aromatic Russet is probably true.— Cocf-i-//,
Attleboro. i, Cellini ; 2. Dumclow's Seedling ; 3,
Colonel Vaughan ; 4, Margil ; 5, Scarlet Nonpareil ;
6, Braddick's Nonpareil.
Names OF Plants: 7. W. 7. Rliamnus catharticus.
— y. \V. E. Send a characteristic shoot of each, and
we will try to name them for you. Hollies cannot be
safely identified by single leaves. — C. W. D. Selagin-
ella Kraiissiana, commonly called S. denticulata in
gardens.
Orchid-growing in Central America : J. L. In
the numbers for November 3 and in the present issue.
Pine Growing: J. \V. The Culture of the Pine-
Apple, by Mr. D. Thomson, published by Blackwood
& Sons.
Seedling Pear : J. Henderson. This appears to be a
distinct variety. In form it resembles Beurri Ranee,
whilst in the colour of the skin and the texture of the
flesh it more nearly resembles Bourrc Diel. It is,
however, sweeter and better flavoured than that variety
usually is, and is well worthy of cultivation.
Tuberoses : A Subscriber. You can hardly succeed in
having these in bloom all the year. By starting the
bulbs as soon as procurable in early autumn in slight
bottom-heat, and in a temperature at the beginning of
not more than 50' Fahr. by night, with a 10^ rise by
day, blooms may be obtained in late winter. Slight
bottom-heat would mean from 80° to 85°. The bulbs
should be potted in a fairly moist compost of sandy
loam in which some well rotted dung is mixed, and
evaporation of moisture from the soil should be pre-
vented by covering the pots either with some of the
plunging material or with cocoa-nut fibre, so that if
possible no water need be given before they push up
the foliage. Afterv/ards a slight increase of heat may
be given : bottom-heat is better dispensed with gradu-
ally, and the plants should be kept as close to the glass as
is consistent with safety. Bulbs may be potted succes-
sionally to keep up the display. In early summer-
lime bulbs planted on moderately warm hot-beds, such
as have carried early crops of saladings, or have been
used for seed raising, and which have been turned
over and the heat renewed with a little fresli material.
When treated in this way they grow stocky, and pro-
duce abundance of flowers of good substance. Planted
singly in 48-si2ed pots, and sunk in such beds, they
do very well, and are easily managed, requiring the
lights to be kept over them only till fairly started,
when these adjuncts may be taken away.
Plants in Pots.— Avehagb Wuolbsale Prices.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Maurice Young, Milford, near Godalming — Hardy
Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Roses, Fruit Trees,
&c.
Wood & Ingram, Huntingdon — General Nursery
Stock.
Jacob-Makoy & Co., Liige, Belgium — Stove and
Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, &c.
W. Leighton, 89, Union Street, Glasgow — Forest
Trees, Conifers, Roses, Fruit Trees, &c.
W. Drummond & Sons, Stirling— Forest, Ornamental,
and Fruit Trees, &c.
Thomas Cripps & Son, Tunbridge Wells— Wholesale
Catalogue of Nursery Stock.
Fred. Burvenich, Gentbrugge, near Ghent, Belgium
— Hardy Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, &c.
Thomas Kennedy & Co., Dumfries — Forest, Fruit,
and Ornamental Trees.
Communications Received.— j. Weeks & Co. — D. T. F. —
Eoquirer.- W. P.— Subscriber.— James Palham & Son. (We
were not aware of the fact or would have mentioned it,)— W.
C. L.— W. C. B.— W. Chitty.— E. G. H. & Son.— J. D.—
W. R.— E. C. H. (next week.).— E. M.— F. S.— E. R.—
G. N E. R., St. Petersburg.- P. Wolkenstein.— R. H.—
F. W. B.— Prof. Tanner. — Asa Gray.— C. A.— Baron v.
Mueller.— E. B.
arkts.
COVENT GARDEN, November 22.
Grapes in full supply ; prices still low. Apple mar-
ket as last week. Kent Cobs dull. James Webber^
Wholesale Apple Market.
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices.
s.d. s.d.
Lemons, per case ..15 0-25 o
Pears, French, doz. 16-40
Pine-apples. Eng.,lb. 20-..
— St. Michael's, each 40-80
s. d. s d.
Apples, }^-sieve . . 10-40
Cobs, per 100 lb... 150 o- ..
Figs, per dozen .. 10- ..
Grapes, per lb, . . 10- 30
Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices.
. d. s. d.
10-..
16-..
06-..
10-20
3 6- ..
06-..
o 4- ■-
16-..
Artichokes, Globe,
per doz 30-50
— Jerusalem, bush. 40-..
Beans, French, lb. .. i o- ..
Beet, per doz. -. 10-..
Cabbages, per doz... 10-20
Carrots, per bun. . . 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, dozen . . ..20-30
Celery, per bundle.. 16-26
Cucumbers, each ..04-08
Endive, Englibh, per
, dozen . . ..10-..
Garlic, per lb. ..06-..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
Horse Radish, bund. 30-40
Potatos.— Kent Kidneys, ^^4 to £,^ los. per ton; do., Regents,
£i ics. to £i lOJ. ; Champions, £3 105. to £3 15s. p« ton.
s. d. s. d.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen . .
— Cos, per dozen..
Mint, green, bunch . .
Mushrooms, p. baskt.
Onions, per bushel. .
— Spring, per bun.
Paisley, per bunch. .
Radishes, per dor. . . i
Salsafy, per bundle.. 08-..
Seakale. per punnet 26-..
Small salading. pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
Tomatos, per lb. ..09-10
Turnips, new, bun. 04-..
.1. d. s. d.
Aralia fiieboldi, doz, 12 0-^4 0
Arbor-vita: (golden),
per dozen , . . . 6 0-18 o
— (common), dozen 6 o-ia o
Ufgiinias, per doz, ., 6 0-12 o
liijuvardias, doz, ..12 018 o
Chrysanlh., per doz, 6 0-18 o
Coleus, doz 20-60
Cyclamen, per dozen 9 0-18 o
Dr;ica;na term. doz. ..30 o-6o o
— viridis, per doz.. 12 0-24 o
I'.piphyllum, per doz.18 o 30 o
Efica, various, doz... 9 0-24 o
Euonynius, various,
per dozen .. .. g 0-18 o
Evergreens, in var.,
pet dozen .. ..6 0-24 o
■Average Wholesale Prices.
J, d. s. d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen .. ..4 0-18 o
Ficus elastica, each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o
Fuchsias, per dozen 4 c- g o
Marguerite Daisy,
per dozen .. .. 8 0-12 o
Myrtles, per doz. .. 60-120
Palms in variety,
each. . . t ..2 6-21 o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ..40 90
Poiiisettias, per doz. 18 0-24 o
Solanums, per dozen 8 0-15 o
Tulips, doz. pots ..10 o-iz o
Cut Flowkrs.-
s. d. s. d.
Abutilon, 12 bunches z o- 4 o
Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 40-80
Azalea, white, 12 spr. 10-20
Bouvardias, per bun. i o- i f
Camellias, per doz. . . 20-50
Carnations, 12 blms. 10-30
Chrysanth., 12 blms, 06-20
— 12 bunches .. 40-90
Cyclamen, 12 blooms 03-06
Epiphyllurn, izblms. 06-10
Eucharis, per doz. .. 40-60
Gardenias, 12 blms.. 50-90
Gladioli, 12 spikes.. 10-30
Heliotropes. i2Sp. .. o 6- i o
Hyacinths (Roman),
12 sprays .. ..16-26
Lapageria, white, 12
blooms . . ..30-60
— red, 12 blooms.. 10-30
Lilac, white Fr.,bun, 8 o-io o
Lily-of-Valley, spray 06-10
— 12 sprays ., 8 0-12 o
s. d. s. d.
Marguerites, 12 bun. 40-60
Mienonette, 12 bun. 20-60
Narcissus (Paper-
white) .. ..20-40
Pelargoniums, 12 spr, 10-16
— zonal, 12 sprays 03-06
Poinsettia, 12 blooms 6 c-12 o
Primula, double, bun. 10-16
— single, 12 bun. , . 60-90
Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60
— coloured, doz. .. 30-86
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 60-80
Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 10-20
Tuberoses, per doz.. 20-30
Tulips, 12 blooms .. 20-30
Violets, i2bunches.. 10-16
— French, per bun. 16-20
— Parme, per bun. 4 c- 5 o
Wallflower, 12 bun,. 30-40
White Jasmine, per
bunch . . .,06-10
SEEDS.
London , A^ov. 21. — There is now a fair trade passing
in farm seeds. Red Clover, following the advance in
American and Continental markets, is again dearer.
Alsike and white continue exceedingly scarce. In
Trefoil the tendency is upwards. Tares are neglected.
More favour is shown towards imported Italian. The
increased rates demanded for Canary seed stop business
therein. Hemp seed is easier. Choice Blue Peas are now
getting into narrow compass, yo/in Shaw 5f Sons, Seed
Merchaiits, 37, Mark La?ie, London, E.G.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday sales of Wheat were diffi-
cult to effect, and in some cases easier terms were con-
ceded, though quotations were not currently altered for
either English or foreign. Flour, with a slack sale,
tended in favour of buyers. Malting Barley was rather
lower for second qualities ; grinding descriptions steady
in value, but a slow sale. Beans and Peas were firm and
unchanged. Flat Maize was rather dearer on the week.
Common Russian Oats were 31/. easier, and other grades
unaltered. — On Wednesday trade was exceedingly quiet,
and the demand very dull, prices tending in favour of
buyers, though sales were not pressed at any quotable
decUne. The same remarks will apply to flour. Barley
was a slow sale, at unaltered rates. Beans and Peas were
quiet and unchanged. Flat Maize was firmly held. Oats
were quiet, but not appreciably altered in value.— Aver-
age prices of corn for the week ending Nov. 17 : — Wheat,
40J. 3i/. ; Barley, 33T. ^d. ; Oats, 19J. iid. For the
corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 40J. ^d. ;
Barley, 34^. 4^/. ; Oats, 20s. 6d.
CATTLE.
At the Metropolitan Market on Monday, with full
supplies, the beast trade was dull. Choice qualities
maintained their value from scarcity, but middling
descriptions were depressed. Sheep barely supported
the rates of that day week. Supply was larger, and
Canadian and Danish sold at ^s. a,d. to 6s. 2d. The
calf market was slack. Quotations :— Beast, 4^. to 5J.,
and 5i. ^d. to 6s. zd. ; calves, 4J. Srf. to 6s. 6d. ; sheep,
5i. 6d. to 6s., and 6s. 6d. to ys. id. ; pigs, 4J. to ^s. Zd.
—Thursday's trade was quiet. Both in beasts and sheep
sales progressed slowly, but the quotations for prime
breeds ruled firm. Calves and pigs were quiet.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that there was a good supply on offer, but demand
dull. Quotations ;— Magnum Bonums, iooj. to iioj. ;
Regents, ioo.f. to nor,; Champions, 8oj. to 90^. ; Roses,
8oi. per ton.— Importations into London during the past
week: — 16,115 bags from Hamburg, 20 Harhngen,
3002 Bremen. 46 Ostend, 662 Odessa, and 4146 Stettin ;
213 tons Roscoff, 80 Pontrieux, and 56 tons Barfleur ;
3 sacks St. Nazaire, 105 Boulogne, 117 bales 3 casks and
4 baskets from Rotterdam.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week :— Bebside West Hartley, 155. zd. ; East
Wylam 17^.; Walls End— Original Hartlepool, i6j. 6d.-
Lambton. i8i. 6d.\ Wear, 17J. ; Hulam, \-]s. 3^.
Thornley, i8j.;- Hetton, 19J.; Hetton Lyons, 17J.
Tees, igi. ^ ^^_
Government Stock.— Consols closed on Monday
at ioi| to xoi\ for both delivery and the account.
Tuesday's figures were ioi| to loif for delivery, and
loiU to lo^il ^^^ ^^ account. The final quotations of
Wednesday and Thursday were loif to \o\\ for de-
livery, and loi^ to loifg for the account.
To the Trade.
SEEDLING FOKKST TREES, &c.— The
Subscribers will h;ive pleasure in sending a Copy of their
TRADK NURSERY LI.ST, on application.
W. P. LAIKD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee, N.B.
To the Trade.
C1UT ROMANS, i6j. per 100. Cash with
J order.
EDWARD CARR, Nurseiies, 25, Aughton Road, Birkdale,
Soiilhport.
R E E S a^Td SHRUBS.
100,000 Hardy HEATHS, nice plants, suitatio for
planting on banks and mounds. Can be supplied in 20
or 30 varieties, at \s. per dozen, 255. per 100, or iio
per looc , ,, ,
LARCH, 2 to 3 feet, 211. per 1000; 2!^ to 3}^ feet, 231. per
1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 25f. per 1000 ; 3K to 4'/4 feet, 30*.
per 1000.
FIR, Scotch, 1 to i^foot, i8i. per 1000; i>^ to 2 feet, 271.
per icoo.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 2 to aVi feet, 12;. per dozen, 90s. per
100; 2j^ to 3 feet, 24s per dozen, r6oJ. per 105 ; 3 to
4 feet, 30a. per dozen, 23QS. per 100 : 3^4 to i,Vi feet,
36f. per dozen, 2734- per 100 -beautiful plants, having
been recently transplanted.
RHODODENDRONS, Hybrids, 9 to 15 inches, 271. per 100,
or 250s. per iQoo ; 12 to 18 inches, 325. per 100, or 300J.
per rooo ; 15 to 20 inches, 43J. per 100 \ 1% to 2 feet,
50s. per 100.
CATALOGUES, containing other Evergreens and Flowering
Shrubs, may be had on application to
JAMES SMITH and SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near
Matlock. ^
Order at Once. , ^^ „
THE BEST PEAS for FRAMES
or FORCING.
LAXTON'S MINIMUM, the earliest and dwarfest white
wrinkled Pea ; height 6 inches. Price zs. 6rf. per half-
LAXTON°S WILLIAM HURST, the most prolific and finest
podded dwarf early blue wrinkled variety ; height I foot.
Price 35. 6rf. per half-pint. „ ,, . j 11
THOMAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford, and all
Seedsmen.
TOHNSTONE'S ST\ MARTIN'S
U RHUBARB.
Strong Roots, is. each, 9s. per dozen.
We have tried all sorts of Rhubarb, and have found none to
surpass, if even to equal "Johnstone's St. Martin's "—it is the
paragon of excellence for forcing, or for outdoor culture. T rade
Pricf, and Copy of TRADE NURSERY LIST, may be had on
application. ^ , m d
W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee, N.B
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.
4</. per bushel : 100 for Jss : truck (loose, about 2 tons),
40s. ; 4-bushel bags, ^d. each.
LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. id. per sack ;
5 sacks, 25s ; sacks. i,d. each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, s sacks 221. ; sacks,
COARSE SILVER SAND. is. jrf. per bushel ; 151. per half
ton, 261 per ton : in 2 bushel bags, 4rf. each. . , „ , „
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOULD. IS. per bushel.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, St. 6i per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CLOTH, RUSSI A MATS. &c. Write for Free
Price LIST.— H. G. SnryTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C.
/^OCOA-NUt' FIBRE REFUSE,
\J best quality, as supplied to the principal Nurserymen and
Nobility, IS. per Bag; 15 Bags, 14s. ; 30 Bags. 25s.. sent to aU
parts ■ Truck-load, 301., free to rail. Best LOAM and PfcAl.
A. FOULON, 32, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C.
OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at is. 31'. eacb, or
15 sacks. i8j. ; 30 sacks, {,1. 5S.. sacks included. Truck-load,
loose, 31s. : fifteen bags or more and truck-load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque with all orders will oblige. Estab-
lished 1872 -J, STEVENS AND CO., "Greyhound Yard,
and 132, High Street, Battersea, S.W.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, &c., of excellent
quality also the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Light or
Close, from rich forest pasture land, in trucks of 4 <°"?V»°£;
each Selected PEAT, 3s per sack. SI LVER S AN D and LEAF
MOULD, %d. per bushel. Sacks, id. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAMBERT. Ringwood.
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
-I^IBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.-
-t? BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Oichids.
Stove Plants, &c.. £,(, 6s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths. American Plant
Beds, 15s. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5s ; 5 Bags.
2ZS. id. ; 10 Bags, 4SS Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
los id. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coarse or Fine, 52s. per
Truck of 4 tons. Red Sandstone ROCKWORK, £5 per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good colour, 255. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station. Hants.
U REKA! ! ! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist Edmburgh.
In Bottles, is., 2s., and 31. 6./. each. 7s. id. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
TESTIMONIAL.
" aoT,e,:/crds.hG«!«shiels. N.S..7u/y!>5.im-Mr.Smuh:
Dear Sir. we have now tried your Inseclicide on all the
Insects we can find on any of our Plants, including Otchlds.and
used as directed by you, we find it instant destruction to them
all, while it neither stains nor injures the tenderest leaf We
shall in future use no Fir Tree Oil or other Insecticide but
yours -We are, yours truly, WM. THOMSON AND SONS."
Wholesale Agents-IRELAND and THOMSON,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
To the Seed and Nursery Trade
ROLL TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH,
CORD, of reliable quality ; extremely moderate prices.
Terms on application. n, 1 t •*!.
RICHARDSON and CO., Tobacco Works, Leith.
672
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE..
[November 24, 1883.
siLvtB MED4U-I88I. Bronze WEDJL-1881.
To His
Royal
Highness
the Prince
of
Wales.
For BeautlfiU Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHUBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Absolutely Pure. Free from any
Foreign Intermixture, Manufactured on the premises
from the iamous '" Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from us direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following : — From Mr. Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potting, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Eedding-out Plants. &c.
DESTROYS ALL SLUGS AND INSECTS.
An elegant Bordering to Flower Beds. Combines war mth
and cleanlitiess with valuable antiseptic and deodorising
properties.
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows : — Sacks,
\s. €id. each; 10 sacks, 13^.; 15 sacks, i8i. ; 20 sacks, 23J. ;
30 sacks, 30J. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £2.
Limited quantities of SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions ; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from tbe
Manufacturers, cHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, Millwall, London, E.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOUL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
Tlie Vineyard and Nureerles, Garston, near Liverpool,
andSold by the?n aTtd all Niirserytneyi and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfords.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
GARDEN REQUISITESr
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPER and ROPE, &o.
Superior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 4^. dd. per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from 5s. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orchids, from &s. per sack.
LOAM, Yellow Fibrous, ij. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best, is. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, ij. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, is. 6d. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, nd. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, from 6rf. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, is. 6d. per bag ; per truck-
load of about 2 tons, 35,%
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 4s. 6d. per bag.
VIRGIN CORK.. i8i. per cwt.
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 34, Glengarry Road, East Dulwlch, S.E.
To the Seed and riorist Trade.
CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO.
[U MI TED),
Horticultural Sundries Merchants,
and Manufacturers of all kinds of
INSECTICIDES and MANURES. GRASS and DRIED
FLOWER BOUQUETS, WREATHS and CROSSES.
in every Material a7id Pattern.
importers of
DRIED FLOWERS and GRASSES, VIRGIN CORK.
RAFFIA MATS. &c.
Every Horticultural Requisite required for a shop kept in
stock. Show Rooms now complete with every novelty for autumn
use, and special attention given to any visiting customers.
CATALOGUES Free to the Trade on application.
18, Finsbury Street, London. E.C.
SOLUBLE FIR TREt OIL INSECTICIDE.
For destroying ALL INSECTS and PARASITES that infest
Trees and Plants, whether at the Roots or on the Foliage.
Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and
Blight. Cleans Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c,, and maJcesa good
Winter Dressing. (Jf all Seedsmtn and Chemists, zs.6d., 2s. 6d.,
4s. 6d. a bottle. Per callon 12,1. 6d . or less in larger quantities.
Maker. E.GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Manchester. Wholesale
from Hooper & Co , Corrv, Sopek. Fowlgr &Co., C. E Os-
MAN & Co., and from all the London Seed Merchants and Whole-
sale Patent Medicine Houses. New Yoik : Rolker & Sons.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST. RAPFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &0.
Quality ttie Best in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . ^s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks for 20J.
„ best black fibrous . . 3r. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks fur 15s.
,. extra selected Orchid .. .. $s. od. „
LOAM, best yellow fibrous . . . ."]
PREPARED COMPOST, best ..[is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. ., ..[ included).
PEAT MOULD )
SILVER SAND (coarse) .. .. ij. 3* per busheh
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. lorf. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. 8<i. per lb., 28 lb. 18s.
,. Paper, finest imported speciality 8(/. per lb., b8 lb. iSj,
SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected. 2s. per bushel. 6s. per sack.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
GISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 02. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, i,r.,3.r.,S: tos. 6d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
GISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
fort, is muoh used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, bd
and IS. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited). London.
SPECIALLY CHEAP GLASS.
Packing Cases free and not returnable.
100 Squares, gocd Glass, at the following priees, in Leeds : —
15 oz. 21 02.
13K W S for gr. 6d.
12 by 9 for gs 6d.
14 by 10 for 13^. 6d.
15 by 9 for IV- 6d.
HENRY WAINWRIGHT;
^3% hy 8 for i2.r 6d.
12 by Q for 12s. 6d.
14 by 10 for iSs. od.
15 by 9 for i8r. od.
Glass and Lead Merchant,
3 and 10, Alfred Street, Boar Lane, Leeds.
PRUNING MADE
SAFE and EASY.
This implement is unrivilled
for Pruning. Trimming, and
Thinning-out Trees of all kinds,
Shrubs, Fruit Bushes. Vines, &c.
Is u^ed in the Parks and Gardens
cf the Queen, H.R.H. the Prince
of Walts, the principal Nobility,
and is also ordered by Her Ma-
jesty's Commissioners of Works
and the Metropolitan Board of
Works to be generally adopted
in the Parks ard Gardens under
their control. The leading Horti-
cultural Authorities join in the
universal opinion as to its being
the best tool for the purpose ever
invented. Its length varies from
2 to 23 feet, and its price from
41. 6(^. each. It is Sold by the prin-
cipal Ironniongers and Seedsmen, from whom Illustrated P/ice
Lists can be obtained, or ol the Sole Proprietors and Makers,
THE STANDARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
Patentees and General Machinists. Strand Arcade. Derby.
UNDER SPECIAL KOYAL PATEONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders In Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sneep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as "Day's."
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£z i6s. 6d., sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of imitations, and see that the
name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, is on aU Bottles and
Packets. •
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
LABELS.
WATERPROOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
TNDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
-L loo yards for ro^., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 >ards
for ros., delivered free per Parcels Post. Very useful pure Cotton
(or Curtains. Blir.ds. Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Send stamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills, Burnley.
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
CO.,
THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE
HOT-WATER APPARATUS.
Price, a? engraving, with boiler, open feed syphon, 12 feet of
4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints complete. £^ ^s.
Delivered free to any station. Discount for cash.
Cost of apparatus for houses of any size on application.
This is ttje simp'est, cheapest, and most powerlul apparatus
made. It requites no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-
water fitter for fixing. 'I he boiler stands in the greenhouse, the
front only being outside and flush with the onter wall, so that
the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised. It burns
over twelve hours without attention, at a nominal cost.
Illustrated LIST with full particulars post-tree.
CO..
BRIDGE.
DBANE &
^^'r^^)> LONDON
STOVES.
Terra-Cotia ! Portable ! For Coal !
ROBERTS'S PATENT.
Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for
about \d., without attention. For Greenhouses,
Bedrooms, or almost any purpose. Pamphlet
and authenticated Testimonials sent. In use
daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS.
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
THOS. W. ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE.
Tbe Best
4-in- Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 41. yi. each.
4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6d. each,
Prke List on applicatioti.
Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
{Registered Trade Mark )
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor wo»k, while it is fully two-ihirds cheaper. It was
introduced upwards of thirty years aso by the Adveitisers, and
its genuine good quality, notwithstacding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly mcreasing sale. It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at 1.1. 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testihionial.
^^ Piercefield Park. June -iz, 1876. — Sirs — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park. Chepstow. — lam, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Ccx."
C.^ 6''7'/£?iV.— Hill &: Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H, & S 's Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom (or upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and tbe numerous
Testimonials they leceive, stamp it as a truly genuine article.
Every cask is legibly marked wiih their name and Registered
Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, &c. , sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, StaflTordshire ;
iiS, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St. Vincent
Street. Glasgow.
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
673
MATS.
AND SONS
RUSSIAN
J BLACKBURN
• are offering ARCHANGEL MAl'j at a lower r.ile
than for the last ten years for present orders. PETERSISUKG
MATS and MAT HAGS. Having bought neatly the whole
stock from Cronstadt, are prepared to sell at low rates. Prices
and samples on applicilinn at
4 and 5, Wormwood Street, Loodcn. E.G.
ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—
The Warmest Coverings for Pits and Frame?.
Sizes— 6 ft. 6in. X3ft. 9111.. 2J. ; 6 ft. 6 in. X 4 ft. 6 in , is. id. ;
6fl. bin. X 7ft., 3.J. ■2ii. Apply to
Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Trinp, Bucks.
RUSSIA
M ATS.
25,000 Common DUNNAGE MATS, at los. per too.
ARCHANGEL, TAGANRHG. and PETERSBURG MATS,
as per CATALOGUE just issued.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
149, Commcicial Stieet, Sliuredittli, London, E.
Russia Mat Mercbants.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9, James
Street, Covent CJardcn, W. C, can offer a very fii c parcel
of new ARCHANtiKL MATS at a very low prictr. Immense
.stock of PETERSBURG MATS and RAFFIA FIBRE.
R. HALLIDAY & CO.,
HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER.
Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses. &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the
perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work,
aud that THE vkrv bkst.
Conservatories and Winter Gardens de'^igned architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm,
from the smallest to the larpe-t. Hot-Water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed
ID all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock.
Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited oti in any pari of the Kingdom.
Our Maxim is and always has been —
MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIAL".
PUMPS and PUMPING MACHINERY
Of every description for Steam, Water, Wind,
Horse, or Manual Power,
Prices upon application with particulars of rcquiremefits.
Warner's Garden, Farm, or
Greenhouse Lift Pumps.
Warner's Improved Farmer's Fire Engine, or
Portable Force Pump for Manure.
Warner's Portable Pump, with
Improved Valves for Liquid
Manure.
WARNER & SONS, Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineers,
CRESCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPPLEGATE, LONDON, E.C.
"'"pHE FASCINATl
-t- at Floore is rather t
Rhutarb and Seakale Forcing
STRONG WELL- MADE POTS
for the above.
GARDEN POTS. ORCHID POTS, ALPINE POTS,
FERN PANS, SEED PANS,
and all kinds of GARDEN POTTERY of the best quality.
Price List Free.
J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery. Weston-super-Mare.
In the "Gardeners' Chronicle" of Sept. 15, It says:—
■ING ROCK GARDEN
extensive, Heauti'ully, carefully.
and Scieiitific.tlly arranged, to suit the variety of subjects
pljiitt-'d thereon ; that there is a strikmg air of naturalness,
&c., inchuiiiK happy fauulies uf Cacti," &c., &c. ; but omits
to say the Rocks weie executed by
PULHAM of BROXBOURNE. HERTS ;
also the picturesque home of the Emus, North African Rams,
&c., fur t. G. LoLKK, E;q.
(Jur system is wi:h the Rocks and Pl.inting to produce
Picturesque Scenery, pleasing all the year round.
Photo ll'ustrated Book sent to inspect for 12 stamps.
Also Book of FOUNTAINS, TERRACES, JARDINI-
ERES. KKRBING, VASES, Figures, Art Flower Boxes,
Pots, &c., sent to inspect for 12 stamps.
Bosher's Garden Edging Tiles.
THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
are made in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially ,,,«aMw«*2M»M
suited for KITCHEN %^^^^^^
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no _
furthtr labour or expense, '-y^^^
as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO.. Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street. Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES."
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconie'^. &c ,
from 3.1. per square yard upward.s. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZtD TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies,
Larders, Kitchen Ranges. Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Pavit g of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety, Slaies. Cement, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO.. Buck and TUe Merchants.
See Addresses above.
SILVER SAND,
fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLIN IS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade
KEITH'S PATENT HOT-WATER BOILERS.
Can be heightened or lowered, or made to suit any require-
ments. They stand complete in themselves, and require no
building work, being wholly water-jacketed and thus entirely
free from risk by fire. They can be had all sizes, to heat from,
say, a few feet up to 8000 feet of 4-inch pipe each ; are now
in all parts of the world, and are unrivalled as being the best,
most powerful, and most economical Hot-water Boilers in use.
Specimen Extracts from Testimonials ;—
From W. Morgan Robbins, Esq , Architect, Il/racombe^
September 9, 1880.
" t am delighted with your Boiler ; it answers admirably, and
the directors are satisfied that it is one of the best £25 worth
ever put in the hotel."
From Q. C. Chalmers, Gardens of J amts Mudie, Esq.,
Broitghty Ferry, September 15, 1880.
*'Vour Boiler beats all my expectations ; at present one fire
serves for twelve hours, and keeps up a good, steady heat."
From Isaac Holden, Esq.. Oakworth House, Kelghley, York-
shire, fune ig, i88r.
'* Your Boilers are the best we have tried." (Note : One ot
these Boilers heats nearly 8qco feet of 4-inch pipe.)
From Wm, Frasbr, Kippen Gardens, Dunning, Perthshire,
December 6,
HIGHEST
AWARDS
WHE REVE R
EXHIBITED
FSTABLISHED l8
KEITH'S
PRIZE
HYDRAULIC RAMS
and HYDRAULIC
RAM PUMPS,
Self Acting,
For Raising Water, are
the most powerful, most
efHcient, and most dur-
able in use.
" I consider your Boiler most efficient ;
the acme of perfection."
as for economy, it is
From Rev. James Cardwell, Military Academy, Highlands,
Jersey, December 31, 1881.
** Nothing could be better than the Boiler you sent me ; it
burns all sorts of rubbish, and gives an excellent heat.''
From Arthur Bootv, E^q., Rsse Villa Nurseries, Hi^h
Harrogate, March 22. 1882,
* Your Boiler has exceeded all my expectations ; it will pay
for itself as a fuel saver in a short time. It heats 2000 feet of
4-inch pipe."
Keith's Treatise on '
Heating by Artificial Means,'
for twelve stamps.
post-free,
K E
I T H'S
PATENT MINERAL OIL GAS WORKS, are unrivalled tor use in the Country or in the Colonies.
PATENT SECITO^AL HOT- WATER COIL TABLES, have three times the Radiating Surface of any other form of Pipe Coil.
PATENT OPEN FIRE, Ornamental HOT-WATER APPARATUS, combinine Warmth. Cheerfulness, Ventilation and Perfect Safety
JAMES KEITH, GAS, HYDRAULIC and HEATING ENGINEER, LONDON, EDINBURGH, and ARBROATH.
67, Holborn Viaduct, London, E.C. 120 George St., Edinburgh. High St., Arbroath.
674
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 1883.
IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,
Iron and Wire Espalier, &o., (&c.
Illustrated CATALOGUE Free cti amplication.
BAYLISS, JONES * BAYLISS,
VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London. E.G.
W. H. LASCELLES & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G.
W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES* NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for vralls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on application.
DAVI D LOWE
HORTICULTURAL
& SONS,
BUILDERS
AND
HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
GILMORE PARK, EDINBURGH ; and CORNBROOK,
CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER.
Plans and Estimates on application for every description of
Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron.
Garden FraTnes and Sashes in Stock.
Illustrated Catalogues of Art Conservatories, Growing Houses,
Nurserymen's Cheap Houses, Frames, Lights, Summer-houses,
Wall-Tree Covers, &c.. Post-free.
T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., Chelmaford, Essex.
London Office : Mansion House Buildings, E.C.
Cucumber Frames.
EHALLIDAY AND CO. desire to
• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames,
of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and
painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put
together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one.
Prices, delivered to any station in England : — £, s. d.
2-lighl frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) p„„u:„- I 3 10 o
3-Iight frame. 12 feet by 6 feet ^ Cases frfe 1 5 ^ o
6-Iight Irame. 24 feet by 6 feet j ^^^^^ "^^ ( 10 o o
The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for
brick pits at proportionately low prices.
R. HALLIDAY and CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers,
Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester.
^•L:ftSSHeUSES &H-EAt-MG>i
mmmMmmm-
killGHGATE f^OAD .LONDON.N.Wc
SAVE YOUR FRUIT CROP
USING
RICHARDSON'S
WALL-TREE PROTECTOR,
The cneapest Made and Thorouglily Strong.
2 ft. wide, IS. zod. per ft. run ; 3 ft, wide, 2s. 6d. per ft.
Carriage paid for Orders over £5.
W. RICHARDSON & CO.,
Horticultural Builders & Hot-Water Engineers,
DARLINGTON,
EXTENSIVE SPAN LANTERN-
ROOFED VINERY or ROSERY for SALE, as very
recently erected by Mills, of London, with 145 selected Vines
and with or without fully 1300 yards of 4-10. steam-piping,
valves, Bends, &c. The whole has onlv been placed about three
years. Length, 298 feet 6 inches by 26 feet 6 inches, containing
14,824 square feet of Glass. The Glass and all Material c^n
readily be removed and replaced elsewhere as it now stands as
one splendid house in four compartments, or removed as four
separate houses of about 74 feet 6 inches by 26 feet 6 inches
each. The Sashes or Sheets 17 feet 6 inches by 9 feet 5 inches ;
squares of glass i foot 9 inches by i foot 1% inch. Situated
half a mile from Kendal station.
Apply to DIXON CL0UD5DALE, Esq., Matson Ground,
Bowness, Windermere. ^_^____^_^__^_^
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAM & SON,
g, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
i2in. , 2oia. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 2oin. byiSin, in i6-oz.
and 21-0Z. : and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 30o-ft. cases.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS. POTTING PURPOSES.
AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Caines, Rustic
Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL, qo. Lower Thames St., London, E.C.
Under ttie Patronage of tlie Queen.
JSMITH'S IMPERISHABLE
• STRATFORD LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised
BLACK-FACED LETTERS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says : — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, St rat ford-on- Avon.
ONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, £,Q.oo,(xx). — Reserve Fund, j{[75,ooo.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from ;Cio to
.^^5000, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and all available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds at £,^ per cent from one
month to 15 years. No sureties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLEY, Manager.
Special Notice. — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
persons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused.
Personal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
circumstances. The advances exceed £1^0,000 per annum.
Prospectus post-fiee.
(ESTABLIS HHD 1867.)
Litliographlc Coloured Plates of Vegetables, Fmlts,
FLOWERS. &c, or ORNAMENTAL COVERS for
CATALOGUES.
MR. G. SEVEREYNS, Lithographer
to the Royal Academy, 15, Rue du Boulevard, Brussels.
Established 1829. Especial attention paid to subjects in Botany
and Natural History. Copies of Coloured Drawings can be
reproduced of any size that may be required, and Estimates will
be furnished on full particulars being addressed to his London
Agent,
Mr. JAMES TEDDER, 149, Kingsland Road, London, E.
Accidents!- 64, ComhUl.
No Man is Safe from Accidents I Wise Men Insure against their
Cost ! Accidents by Land or Water insured against by the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ;£ 1,000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ^250,000, Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;£i,84o,ooo has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
SUN FIRE and LIFE OFFICES,
Threadneedle Street, E.C. ; Charing Cross, S.W. ;
Oxford Street (corner of Vere Street), W.
FIRE.— Established 1710. Home and Foreign Insurances at
moderate rates.
LIFE. — Established 1810. Specially low rates for young lives.
Large Bonuses, Immediate settlement of claims.
ROBINSON'S COUNTRY SERIES.
In Fcip. 8vo, cloth, price is. each by post is. id.
THE GRAPE VINE, its Propagation and Culture. By John
Simpson.
THE APPLE, m Orchard and Garden. By James Groom.
THE LONDON MARKET GARDEN", or Flowers, Fruits,
and Vegetables, as grown for Market. By C. W. Shaw.
ASPARAGUS CULTURE, the best methods employed in
England and France. Bv James Barnes and W.
Robin.'^on. F.L.S.
FRUIT CULTURE for PROFIT. By C. Hobday.
THE POTATO in Farm and Garden. By R. Fremlin.
TOWN GARDENING, a Handbook for Amateurs. By
R. C. Ravenscroft.
In crown Svo, cloth, price is. dd.y by post is. &%d.
MUSHROOM CULTURE, its Extension and Improvement.
ByW. RoEiNsoN, F.L.S.
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE and SONS, Broadway, Ludgate
Hill, E.C.
The Sydney Mail
AND
NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER.
CONTENTS:—
INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS.
SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated
BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY.
RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF.
CRICKET and AQUATICS.
THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved
especially for this Journal.)
NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles. .
AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE.
GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally.
STOCK and SHARE REPORTS.
ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES.
TALES hy POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRA-
LIAN AUTHORS.
THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
INDOOR AMUSEMENTS.
THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE.
COMMERCIAL NEWS.
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the
Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains
a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects.
Subscription In Advance, £1 63. per Annum.
Single Copies, 6d. ; Stamped, jd.
Publishing Office — Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales.
ENGLAND.
The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are
authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYD-
NEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :—
London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C.
Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Ix>mbard
Street. E.C.
Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street,
Fleet Street, E.C.
Messrs. W. H, Smith & Son, 186, Strand.
Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance
Buildings.
Manchester. . James & Henry Grace, 73, Market Street.
Edinburgh.... Robeitson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street.
Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange
Place.
^f Cofies of each Jou}-nal are filed at the
above Offices for the use of Advertisers.
V/orks for the Possessors of Gardens.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all
Vegetables. By William Earlev. Author of '' How to Grow
Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus," &c.] &c. Crown
Svo, with Coloured Frontis ce. Price 4J. ta,
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COM-
PANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A com-
plete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of
every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price -js.
ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-
DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition. Price ij.
HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS.
By William Earlev. Price is. stitched.
HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS.
A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture.
By William Earlev. Price is, stitched,
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouverie
Street, E.C.
November 24, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
675
THE AMERICAN GARDEN
IS A RICHLY ILLUSTRATED, ELKGANTLY PRINTED,
AND CAREFULLY GOTTEN-UP MONTHLY PUB-
LICATION DEVOTED TO THE GARDEN-
ING INTERESTS OK AMERICA.
EDITED BY DE. F. M. HEXAMER. ^
To any one who owns a Flower-Pol, a Uarcen, or a Farm,
It Is Indlspensaliie,
because it gives all tlie latest and best information about every-
thing perlauiing to the culture of Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables,
the care and laying-outof Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, Window
Gardening, Rural Impiovcments, and all kindred subjects.
It 13 Reliable,
because its Editor and Contributors aie all experienced Horti-
culturists, who write from actual experience and can prove
the correctness of their teachings.
It is always Seasonable,
because it forestalls its readers' wants by eiving in every issue
practical seasonable hints for the work of the month, which alone
are worth more than the price of the paper.
It la Clean and Pure,
because no paper is more carefully scrutinised before it meets
the eyes of its readers, and because all objectionable and quack
medicine advertisements, as well as everything ihat could in the
least offend the most refined tastes, are scrupulously excluded
from its pages. Premiums.
In additioQ to all these good things, every yearly subscriber
receives a beautiful coloured floral picture, and may take his
choice of any one of the many valuable articles offered in our
Premium List— either Seeds, Plants, Books, or Implements.
Subscription Price, 5J. per year, including foreign
postage. Sample Copy Free. Remit by Post-office Order
on JVezv- York or London.
B. K. BLISS & SONS, Publishers,
■ 34, BARCLAY STREET. NEW YORK. U.S.A.
Belgian.
BULLETIN d'ARBORI CULTURE,
de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI-
CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured
Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve-
NicH, F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulls,
Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern
mentat Ghent. Post-paid, loi. per annum.
H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanica Gardens. Ghent. Belgium.
REVUE de ^HORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard,
E. Andre*. C. Baltet, T. Buchelet. F. Burvenich, F. Ci^pin,
Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de
Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore. C. Naudin,
B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, B, Pynaert, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux, O.
Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem
H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein.
This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month,
in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous
Engravings.
Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom ;— One year,
x\s., payable in advance.
PubUshing Office ; 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT,
St the Chief Post-office. Ghent.
Hemstitched.
Direct from
the Manu-
facturers.
Hemmed for Use.
Children's is. \o\^d. per dozen.
Ladies' is. \ id. ,,
Gentlemen's .... 3^. ik/. ,,
Ladies' 5J. iid.. Gentlemen's 7J. gd. per dozen.
"The Irish Cambrics of
Messrs. Robinson & Cleaver,
Belfast, have a world-wide
CAMBRIC
3D. — Lad
POCKET
spost-free,
HANDKERCHIEFS.
SamplesandPriceListspost-free, fame." — The Quef:n.
By appointments to
the Queen and Crown
Princess of Germany.
ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST.
WANTED, a thoroughly experienced GAR-
DENER and BAILIFF. Flower and Kitchen
Gardening, with Forcing, selling surplus. Wife to undertake
Dairy. Farm about 400 acres, wilhm 20 miles of London. —
Copies of testimonials, &c,, by letter only, to L. F., 5, Mount
Street, Grosvenor Square, London. W.
ANTED, a young man as GARDENER,
to live in the house. He must understand Flowers and
Grapes, and Manage a Small Garden. — Mr. LITTLE,
*' Belmont," 2, Crescent Road, Crouch End, or 94, Oxford
Street. W.C.
WANTED, for one of the principal Botanic
Gardens in South Africa, an energetic young MAN. to
take charge of the Nursery Department. Must be a good Pro-
pagator of Fruit Trees, Roses, and General Nursery Stock. A
man with experience in a Scotch Nursery preferred. Free
second-class passage per Royal Mail Steamer. Engagement for
two years ; wages, first six month?, £<) per month, after, ;£io. —
T. SOLLY, Jun., Anerley Nursery, Station Road, Anerjey,
London, S.E.
ANTED, a GENERAL PROPAGATOR,
and to act as FOREMAN and SALESMAN in absence
of the principal — a man thoroughly acquainted with Plant
Growing generally. State age and wages required. A good
four roomed cottage on the ground free of rent and taxes. —
OLDROYD AND CO., Nurserymen, Shrewsbury.
ANTED, a FOREMAN.— Must be^
first-class Grower of Forced Fruit and Cut Flowers for
Market, and with good character for sobriety, honesty, and
ability. — Apply, statmg wages, to G. W., Bookstall, L baring
Cross Station, S.W.
ANTED, a ROSE GROWER;
must have a good knowledge of Roses, and be
thoroughly experienced in the Cultivation of Plants for Sale,
— Apply, stating age, where last and previously employed,
and wages required, to JAMES DICKSON and SONS,
" Newton" Nurseries, Chester.
WANTED, a respectable married MAN, to
Manage a Small Flower and Kitchen Garden, three
Cows, Pigs, and about 7 Acres of Grass Land. A cottage
found. Sute wages.— Miss WINGFIELD, Market Overton,
Oakham.
WANTED, a sharp LAD, brought up in a
good garden, 18 or 19 years of age. — Must understand
Ivies, Watering, Potting, &c., and be well recommended.—
State age, wages and particulars to H., The Castle, Wallingford.
ANTED, a TRAVELLER, calling on
Market Gardeners, Farmers, Gentlemen's Gardeners,
&c. State ttrnis, &c — B. J., Gardemn' Chronnle Office,
4r, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C
Scfid TrSido
WANTED, a JUNIOR COUNTER
HAND, for ihe Retail Seed Trade.— State ngc, terms,
length of CAperieiice. and where last employed, to W. UKUM-
MUND AND SONS. 58. Dawson Street, Dublin.
Seed Trade.
WANTED, for Scotland, a YOUTH, who
has had a year or two's experience in the Seed Trade.
Must be active and obliging, and have first-class references. —
State salary expected, to QUALITY, Gardcncn' Chfonicle
Office, 4r, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
WANT PLACES.
*»* Gardeners and others seeking siluatioiis
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent unless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.
I C H AR D SMITH and C O.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester.
To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents,
STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS.
TAMES CARTER and CO. have at all
t/ times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN,
several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. —
Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holbom, W.C.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 39; well up in
Vines, Orchids, and Stove Plants. Thorough general
Gardener in all branches. Good character. — H. GARDENER,
The Cedars, Upper Tooting, S.W.
GARDENER (Head).— j{;5 Bonus will be
paid to any one procuring me a situation where two or
more are employed. — URIAH WOOD, Keelby, Ulceby,
Lmcolnshire.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 31, married;
well experienced in all branches of the profession. Five
and a half years' excellent character from present situation.
Leaving through death of employer. — A. BARKER, Warms-
worth Hall. Doncasier, Yorks.
ARDENER (Head) ; age 29. — Mr.
Edwards will have pleasure in recommending his Fore-
man. Thoroughly experienced in Forcing of Fruits, Choice
Flowers and Vegetables, Kitchen and Flower Gardening. Four
and a half years* highest references. — W. , Babraham Hall Gar-
dens, Cambs.
O.ARDENER (Head); age 29.— Mr. Austen,
*— ^ Ashton Court, Bristol, begs to intimate his high appre-
ciation of R. Sanders, who has been Foreman here for (our years,
and formerly of Rangemore and Cro.xtelh, who now *eeks a
responsible head place. Efficient in the Cultivation of Fruits
and Flowers, including Orchids; and is accustomed to supervise
a large staff of men. His credentials may be relied on.
GARDENER (HEAD Working).— Age -^z,
married, three children; thoroughly experienced in all
branches. Good character.— G. PARKER, Potter's Pond,
Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire.
GARDENER (HEAD Working), where
three are kept. — Thoroughly understands Early and Late
Forcing of Fruit, Cut Flowers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. First-class character and
testimonials. — G., 120, Westgate, Wakefield.
GARDENER (HEAD Working).— Age 33,
no family ; understands Kitchen Gardening, and all kinds
of Fruit, Flowers, and Orchid Growing, also Land and Stock.
Wife can take charge of Dairy and Poultry, Total abstainer. —
Mr. E. BENNETT, The Vineyard, Potter's Bar, N.
ARDENER (HEAD Working), to any
Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a practical man. —
Age ag ; understands Early and Late Forcing of Plants, Pot
Peaches, Vines, Figs, Melons, Strawberries, &c. Last situation
as Head. Good testimonials and references can be given. —
J. SMI 1 H, Queen's Place, Thornes Lane, Wakefield.
ARDENER (HEAD), or as GARDENER
and STEWARD.— Owing to partly closing of the Duke
of Devonshire's gardens at Lismore Castle, Ireland, J. T.
Mullis, Head Gardener, is at liberty to engage with a Lady,
Nobleman, or Gentleman, requiring the services of a thoroughly
expeiienced man. Salary expected, ,^80, &c. — Address as
above.
Cape Colony, NataL
GARDENER ; age 37 —A competent and
trustworthy man, intending to emigrate, desires an engage-
ment as above. First-class references. Will pay his own passage
money.-THOS. JONES, i6, Dudley Road. Sedgley, Wolver-
hampton.
ARDENER (Single-handed).— Middle-
aged, no family ; can be well recommended. Wife can
Manage Small Dairy and Poultry.— J. P., Westlake Nursery,
Spring Grove, Isleworth, W.
/^ARDENER (Under), in the Houses.—
VJ Age 24, married, no family ; used to Fruits, Plants and
especially Cool Orchids. Wife good Laundress. Good cha-
racters—State full particulars to J. M., i, San ford Terrace,
Sanford Road, Bcxley Heath, Kent
GARDENER (Under), or FIRST
JOURNEYMAN.— Age 23 ; ten years' practical e.x-
perience in first-class establishments. Strictly steady, persever-
ing, and trustworthy.— Mr. GOLDSM ITH, Poleiden, Dorking.
To Gentlemen and Growers.
MANAGER, to Grow V ruit and Cut Flowers,
&c., in quantity for Market.— REX, 10, Stockwell Park
Road. Clapham, S.W.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age
26; twelve years' practical experience in large establish-
ment. Good reference and ch.iiacter.— R. HUBBARD, St.
John's Lodge, Lower Norwood, Surrey.
FOREMAN, in the Houses, or good SlNGLE-
HANDKD.— Age 25. single : highly recf nimended by boih
present and previous employers. Ten years' first-ctass ex-
perience, both inside and out.— W. ELY, Cut Hedge Gardens,
Halstead, Essex.
To NuTBerymen.
MANAGER, or GENERAL NURSERY
FOREMAN, — Open for engagement. Highest refer-
ences from leading Firms. — X , Gardeners' Chronicle Office,
4(, Wellington .Steet, Strand, W.C.
JOURNEYMAN, in a Nursery, under a
^ Foreman. — Age 21 ; six years' experience. — W. D. M.,
Hope Cottage, Gravel Hill, Henley, Oxon.
JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
1} establishment.— Age 22; good character.— T. S.\UNDERS,
St. John's Lodge, Lower Noiwood, Surrey.
JOURNEYMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gen-
tleman's Garden; age ly -C. Sandford, Watcombe Park
Gardens, near Torquay, can with confidence recommend a
thorough useful, willing, respectable, steady man as above.
Has had stven years experience, anxious to improve, is willing
to take part in the Houses, and part outside ; a good Workman,
Prefers a Bothy. — Address as above.
O MARKET GROWERS. — Wanted a
situation where Plants are largely grown. Well up in
Polling and Tying. Age 24.— CHARLES PORTER, 6,
Annandale Terrace, Chiswick.
To Provincial Seedsmen.
ASSISTANT. — Has had good experience.
First-class reference?, and perfectly understands Bees
and bar frame hives. — J. B., Mr. Robert Cooper, Seedsman,
Southwark Street, London, S.
To Florists.
QHOPMAN, or to MANAGE Small
^^ Business. — Fifteen years' experience ; thoroughly under-
stands the Making of Bouquets, Wreaths, Crosses, &c. Has a
good knowledge of the Seed Trade, and the Culture and Value
of Plants. Good references as to character and ability. — H, J.,
7, Corporation Street, Birmingham.
OHOPMAN or BOOK-KEEPER.— FouTte^
^^ years' experience in four first-class provincial houses.
Highest references. — T. R. , 20, High Street, Birmingham.
HOPMAN (Assistant), or in Wholesale
Warehouse. — Age 20 ; four years' experience. Highest
references. — A. M., 4, Malvern Cottages, Moorend, Cheltenham.
HOPMAN (Assistant).— Seven years'
experience. Good reference. — A. E., 26, Red Lion Street,
H igh Holborn , W.C.
TO THE SEED TRADE. — Advertiser
(age 2o), good Writer, quick at Figures, eighteen
months' experience in Nursery Office and Retail Seed Trade,
would be glad to find similar employment. — J, H. JOHNSON,
The Gardens, Highman Court, Gloucester.
CARPENTER, &c. — Estate or Nursery
Carpenieiing, Glazing. Pipe Fitting, Rockery. Rustic,
Grotto, or any Horticultural Requirements — MILLINGTON,
7, Kilburn Park Road, Carlton Koad. Maida Vale, W.
GRATEFUL— COMFORTING.
EPPS'S COCOA.
BREAKFAST.
*' By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern
the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli-
cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps
has provided our breakfast- tables with a delicately flavoured
beverage which may save us many heavy doctors's bills. It is
by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution
may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every
tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating
around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We
may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified
with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Service
Gazette.
Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in
Packets, labelled thus : —
JAMES EPPS & CO., Homceopatliic Chemists,
London, England.
Another Cure of Asthma and Indigestion by
DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS
Mr. Dadlev, 21, Carter Gate, Notting^iafu, writes:
"A gentleman suffered trom Asthmatical Affections and Indiges-
tion, aLd found so much benefit from the Wafers that he said
they had, for the past few years, been the staff of his existence."
In Bronchitis. Asthma, Consumption, Coughs, Colds, Rheuma-
tism and all Hysterical and Nervous Complaints, instant Relief
and a rapid Cure is given by the Wafers, which taste pleasantly.
Sold by all Druggists, is.i^Ad.,-zs gd.. 4s. 6d., and irj. perBox.
OLLOWAY'S OINTMENTand PILLS.—
The infirmities of our nature almost necessitate disease.
Impurity of the blood, functional disturbances and loose living
constantly give rise to despondency, debility, or distempers. In
the above named remedies the community can and do have, at
a little cost, the safe and certain means of preventmg or check-
ing and curing both outward ailments and inward maladies.
Ample plainly printed and very intelligible directions accompany
eveiy package of both Ointment and Pills, which only require
attentive study to enable eve?y invalid to be his or her own
medical adviser. The earlier these powerful remedies are em-
nloyed after discovery of the disease, the more rapid will be
their action in expelling from the system all noxious matter and
' restoring health.
s
676
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[November 24, 1883.
HOT-WATER
SEASON, 188 3.
STEVEN BROS. & CO.
Have the largest and best slock of Hot- Water Appliances in London. Boilers of every description, Pipes, Connections, Furnace Fittings,
Greenhouse Gearing, and all requisites for the Heating of Conservatories and Hothouses. No. 62.— Star Boiler.
No. 43.— Dome-Top Boiler. Coil Cases.
No. 28.— Terminal End
Boiler.
''f hi
t^
i^^'
No.tl8.-Gold Medal
Boiler.
%t:m
1/ (^
Illustrated PRICE LIST {2otk Edition) Free on application.
A very economical boiler.
Stfcven Bros. & Co. P"°wate"''lngtoeerf°'"}, 35 & 36, Upper Thames Street, E.G. with E,».ded Feeder.
ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS.
By Rev. O. FISHER. Fourth Edition. Price \s.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G.
WANTED, HORTICULTURAL COMMERCIAL AGENTS.
THE COMPAGNIE CONTINENTALE d'HORTICULTURE
(formerly J. LINDEN),
Possessing the largest Horticultural Establishments at Ghent, and in the South of France, are desirous
of obtaining Agents in the principal Towns of the United Kingdom and of the British Colonies, for the
disposal of their numberless products.
Address all Communications to the
DIRECTOR of the COMPAGNIE CONTINENTALE d'HORTICULTURE, Ghent, Belgium.
13' No one need apply who cannot produce the t>est references with regard to morality and to knowledge of the business.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.,
Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, ggt
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes. ^Et^sj'.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, i/^th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Gold and su^STMedais, also Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the
Special Certificate, _ _ r r . r
Awarded May 22, 1883.
Materials supplied.
Patent Reliance Botary Valves.
COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS.
Price 3d., Post Free 3|d.
W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
ONL Y TWO MINUTES FROM CO VENT GARDEN MARKE T
ARTHUR HILL & CO.,
HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, «&c.,
ST. MARTIN'S LANE, LONDON, W.C
^,^>S~^^~~^
THE COVENT GARDEN BOILER.
This new Wrought Welded Amateurs' Boiler
is intended for fixing flush in the wall of the
greenhouse, the feeding door and flue pipe being
left on the outside. A considerable amount of
heat which is lost with other Boilers is thus given
off irito the house — a great advantage ; and the
necessity of a stoking-hole is thus dispensed
with. The Boiler is strong, durable, and cheap,
and we can thoroughly recommend it.
Large and Sinall Hot-water Apparatus erected complete in Town
or Country, or Materials only supplied.
ARTHUR
HILL & CO.,
^^mi ^ VEhY SPECIAL NOTE, .m
Our Establishment is open at 6 o'Clock every
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday Morning, for
the Special Convenience of Nurserj-menand others
who come to Covent Garden. Customers are thus
enabled to take back in their empty vans any goods
ihey may require, and save cost of extra cartage
from the City, or Rail Carriage and Breakage.
By this means we are able to sell at more favour-
able prices than any House in the Trade.
Illustrated Catalogues on application and Special Quotations on
receipt of Parttctilars.
The Coven. Garden BoUe. 85, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, W.C.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellineton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, WeUington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent C^den, in the said County.— Saturday. November 24, 1883.
Agent for Manchester — John Hbywood. Agents for Scotland — Messrs. J. Mbmzies & Co.> Edinburgh and Glasgow,
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
Cstaljlifiiijeti I84i.
No. 518.— Vol. XX. {
New i
Series, i
SATURDAY, DECEMBER i, 1883.
I Registered at the General
I Post-office as a Newspaper.
"}•
Price 5d.
POST-I'KEE, 5j</.
CONTENTS.
Adiantiim farleyense
AplieUindra fascinator ,,
Australian seed-vessels ..
Bankrup:cy Act, the new
Botanic >;ardeiis . .
Botanical Iiistitute at
h\i:ge
Bonapartea striata
Cabbage variations
Caliphruria subedentata
Chou de Burghley
Cupressus macrocarpa ..
Cypripedium Rnbbeleni .
Drayton Beauchamp, a
pilgrimage to . .
Florists' flowers . .
Flower gaiden, the
Foreign correspondence
Fruit garden, hardy, the
Fuchsias exjniensis and
corallina
Gatdenias f^_
Grapes and vineries . . 69 1
Helleboius niger alti-
folius
Horse Radish cultivation
Ipotncca Horsfallise alba
Masdevallia racemosa
Crossi .. .. ., 690
Obituary . . . . . . 700
Odontoglossum Roezlii .. 690
Orchid notesand gleanings 693
696
604
688
(04
ihS
694
696
tgj
694
fgS
697
6S4
£95
701
690
690
691
696
686
696
694
Peas. late .. .. .. 697
Peach wall at Ditton
Park, the
Pelargoniums, market
Phylloxera laws in Hol-
land, the
Plant portraits
Potato cu'lure
,, „ the Jensenian
,, disease .. .. tjgH
Salvias .. .. . . 695
Societies ; —
Liverpool Horticultural
Association . .
Manchester Horticul-
tural Mutual Im-
provement Society . .
Shropshire Gardeners'
and Amateurs' So-
ciety . ,
Scottish Horticultural
Association . .
Tunbridge Wells Chry-
santhemum Exhi-
bition fgg
Winchester Horticul-
tural . . . . ., 700
Tomatos at Reading .. 605
Tree planting .. .. 683
Truffles 6S4
Weather . . . . . . 702
Zygopetalum Burkei . . 684
684
695
696
697
686
696
699
700
700
699
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Australian Seed-vessels 68S, 689
Helleborus niger altifolius 693
Peach Wall at Ditton Park 685
NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS.
Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should
now de made payable at
DRURY LANE,
Now Ready, in cloth, 16s.,
"J^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
J- Volume XIX., JANUARY to JUNE, 1883.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
I IN AMERICA.
The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for
Twelve Months.
Agent for America :— C. H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent.
SPLENDID TREE CARNATIONS coming
into bloom The finest subjects for Winter Decoration, in
rich colours — Pink. White, Rose. Crimson, Yellow, and
Scarlet, &c. Awarded Prize Medal at Royal Horticultural
Society, on Tuesday, November 13. Price -2$. 6d., 3^, bd., and
55. each, according to size.
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C.
East Lothian Stock and Pansy Seed.
EB. LAIRD AND SONS (sole Successors to
• DowNiE & Laird) can offer the above. Particulars as
to price, S;c., on application.
R. E. LAIRD AND SONS, Seedsmen, 17, Frederick Street,
Edinburgh.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from us. to 24J. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
RANCIS BELL, Nurseryman, Easing-
wold, offers for sale 2,000,000 LARCH, 2 to 5 feet,
recently transplanted, with good leads and well rooted? at
greatly reduced prices.
Daffodil, Daffodilly, Daffodowndillies.
A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more
than 200 sorts of DAFFODILS free on application.
BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
pHRYSANTHEMUMS.— 20,000 White, Cut
V.^ Blooms, to oiTer ; fine, under glass, Elaine and Mrs. G.
Rurdle, at per dozen, loo.or rooo.
R. LOCKE, Red Hill, Surrey.
GORSE COVERT.— Well- rooted, 2-yr. old,
twice lifted, 2S. 6d. per looo, £7 los. per 100.000.
S. SMITH. Tansley Nursery. Matlock, Derbyshire.
To the Trade.
pUCUMBER SEEDS.— We shall be glad
V>J to quote prices of Veitch's Tender and True and Rollis-
son s Telegraph Cucumber Seeds in large or small quantities.
Eoth are very superior stocks, of our own growth, and carefully
selected.
GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen, Bath.
New White NeapoUtan Violet.
COMTE HKAZZA.— Flowers perfectly double,
delightfully fragi.int, and purest white. Fifst-class Certi-
ficate Floral Committee. Plants in small 6o's, is. 6d. each, 151.
per dozen ; large plants in 48's, 35. 6rf. each, 3 ts. 6d. per dczen,
BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
CREEPERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in ^reat variety. See Descriptive LIST. Most of these
plants, being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
MAGNOLIAS grandiflora and exoniensis,
very fine plants Prices on application to
THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
London.
Erica hyemalis, in flower.
UGH LOW AND CO. offer the above, in
48-pots, at 75J. per 100 : can be supplied by the loco.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.
H
BOUVARDIAS. — Fine, bushy, healthy
plants, of A. Neuner, Dazzler, and others, 40s. per 100.
Tree CARNATIONS, best free blooming kinds, 401. per 100.
Mrs. SINKINS, best white CLOVE CARNATION, tor
forcing, ^or. per ioq.
W. JACKSON, Blakedown, near Kidderminster.
Vines -Vines— Vines.
'T'HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
-L COMPANY (John Cowan). Limited, have this season, as
usual, a splendid stock of VINES, suitable for Fruiting in Pots
and Planting Vineries. Also a fine stock of Matt^chal Niel,
Gluire de Dijon, and other TEA ROSES.
Descriptive Priced LIST on application.
The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
Grape Vines— Grape Vines.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• his stock of VINES this season is remarkably fine, and
is now ready for sending out. A Descriptive LIST will be
found in the Bulb Catalogue, post-free on application. Early
Orders are solicited.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries. Upper HoUoway, N.
To the Trade.
TJEAS.— Veitch's Perfection, Yorkshire Hero,
J- Day's Early Sunrise. Harrison's Glory, Kentish Invicta,
&c. Cheapforcash.— BRINKWORTHand SONS. Reading.
pOTATOS.— Sutton's Reading Hero, White
J- Elephant, Beauty of Hebron, and Ashleaf Kidney. A
few Tons each of these popular sorts cheap for cash, to save
storing. BRINKWORTH and SONS, Reading.
ANTED TO PURCHASE or
EXCHANGE, large plants of DAPHNE INDICA
RUBRA and ALBA.
The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John
Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
Notice to Senders.
WE HAVE NOW
a good DEMAND for the undermentioned :—
GARDENIAS. STEPHANOTIS,
CHRYSANTHEMUMS of all kinds (in quantity).
TUBEROSES, White AZALEA, White CYCLAMEN
GLADIOLUS. Roman HYACINTHS, ROSES
ODONTOGLOSSUM and other ORCHIDS, &c
Also GRAPES, TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, &c
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, W.C.
A To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.
CATTANEO, COMMISSION SALESMAN,
,„ „ • .''••' '*'"■' Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden,
^iS'iJ? ?FwD.'S?-'^'^'^'^^ CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUl FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.
To Flower Growers.
CONSIGNMENTS RECEIVED for DISPOSAL at Market
Prices.
WANTED, GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS,
^rX^= ARUMS, White AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS,
KObtb, &c,, in any quantity. BLi.\es supplied. Terms upon
application.
HOOPER AND CO., Covent (Sarden, London, W.C.
Address — Flower Commission Department.
WANTED, GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES,
„„„ ORCHIDS. CHRYSANTHEMUMS, EUCHARIS
§P.?w%o^'"'\'^^'^L'^'^S' CAMELLIAS and other CUl*
rh°.^J?5?,^. ■*'^°"''°"K flowering Bulbs of EUCHARIS
AMAZONICA.
W DENMAN, Salesman and Horticultural Agent, Covent
Garden, W.C.
■WANTED, EUCHARIS AMAZONICA.
' » Strong flowering bulbs. State quantity and price for
cash to T. HEWITT, New Barcombe, Sussex.
"WANTED, a large PALM, either a
» » Seaforlhia elegans, Areca lutescens, or a Kentia, about
'0 9 feet. Quote low cash price, with full particulars, to
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond.
ANTED, 1500 White Swan GOOSE-
BERRY BUSHES. Sute price, age, &c., to
THOS. SEEKINGS, Eirith, St. Ives. Hunts.
HOLLY for HEDGES.— 1 2 to 1 5 inches, 2t,s. ;
IS to 18 inches, 35J. ; 18 to 24 inches, 505. per 100.
Forest LIST, containing heights and prices of well-grown trans-
planted Quick, Ash, Larch, Spruce, Pines, Oaks, Cover
Plants, &c,. free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
FOR SALE, fine Plants of CALANTHE
VEITCHII and VESTITA, coming in flower.
Mr. BIGGS, Garnstone, Westley, Herefordshire.
DE S C R I P T I V E CATALOGUE
of Roses, Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons, Deciduous
and Evergreen Trees and Shrubs, Forest Trees, Azaleas,
Camellias, Grape Vines, &c., free by post.
H. LANE AND SON, Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Herts.
T ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound
-L^ bulbs, 4r , (s., gs., i2r., i8j., and 241. per dozen ; extra
strong, 30^. and 42^. per dozen. AH other good LILIES at
equally low prices.
Mr. WILLIAM UULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
rLT"u M aT iT R A T U M —
new GREENHOUSE BULBOUS PLANTS of great
beauty, &c.
Please send for " Special LIST." just published.
FRED. HORSMAN and CO., Colchester.
TMANTOPHYLLUMS
J- Fresh Seeds, hybridised from the sorts with large flowers
per dozen, 5J. ; per 100. 301. ; per 1000, ;Cio.
Forwarded free by post to all parts of the world for cash.
ED. PYNAERT, Ghent. Belgium.
ARNATION, "MARY MORRIS."
Plants now ready for delivery.
First-class Certificate was awarded at Kensington, Aug. 22,
1882. A beautiful Rose-coloured Self, very highly scented, of
great size, very full, and of perfect shape ; does not burst the
calyx, a very free bloomer and vigorous grower, and perfectly
hardy. See Gardeners' Chronicle^ August 4, 1883, page 146.
Price and all particulars on application to
H. 0. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C,
Orchids, Bulbs, LUles.
THE NEW PLANT and BULB COM-
PANY. Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64, containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
HESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash,
Scotch, Birch, Alder, Willow, Seedling Oak, and Thorn
Qaick. Stout, well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to
be sold.— GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst.
URPLUS STOC ic^Handsome and Choice
Evergreen and Deciduous TREES for Avenues, Parks,
Gardens, Streets, &c. Very good and cheap. LIST free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
T ARCH FIR, extra strong, transplanted,
-i— i 2 to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. Extra strong
transplanted SCOTCH FIR, 2 to 3 feet. Samples and prices
on application to
J. SLATER and SONS, The Nurseries, Malton, Yorks.
SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.— 200,000 Dwarf
ROSES, on Manetti, fine, our own selection, 25^. per
100, ^12 per lODo. 3co,coo MANETTI STOCKS, fine, 30J.
per iooo._ ^13 per lo.ooo. 10,000,000 ASPARAGUS, a-yr,
Connover's, 17J. td. per 1000 ; 3-yr. Connover's, 20s. per 1000 ;
2-yr. Giant, 151. per 1000 ; 3-yr. Giant, 175. td. per 1000, for
Cash with all orders, otherwise will not be attended to.
R. LOCKE, Royal Nurseries and Rose Farms, Redhill, Surrey
RIZE COB FILBERT TREES.— Gentle-
men desirous of obtaining the true WEBB'S PRIZE
COB FILBERT TREES for present .planting, should send
their orders to
Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S-.CalcotGardens, Reading, of whcm
alone the various sorts can be obtained.
Price LISTS on application.
STRAWBERRIES.— Capital planting roots,
45. per 100 (free by parcels post, 41. dd,) ; plants in pots
for forcing, i6j. per ico. Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Mercbants, Worcester.
EAKALE and PARSLEY SEED,
the growth of 1S83 ; strong Seakale for Forcing— extra
strong.
MANETTI STOCK and CUTTINGS for Sale.
Apply to
Mr. WILLIAM BISHuP, HemsV, Great Yarmouth.
Firms in the Nursery and Seed Trade
wishing to publish their announcements in Ireland, will find
THE IRISH FARM, FOREST, and
GARDEN, an excellent medium. Specimen Copies,
Scale of Charges, &a , on application to
Mr. THOS. MOORE, Sole Proprietor. 39, Lower Ormond
Quay, Dublin.
Now Ready.
THE GARDEN ANNUAL, ALMANAC,
and ADDRESS BOOK for 18S4. Price u., post-free,
■LS. 3d. The most complete and accurate Yearly Referenco
Book for the use of all interested in Gardens yet published.
I Office :— 37, Southampton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C
678
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December i, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Sale tUs Day at Half-past 12 o'clock precisely.
CONSIGNMENTS of PLANTS and BULBi from Holland,
France, and BclEium.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, THIS DAY, SATURDAY, December i, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, a convienment ol choice named
CAMELLIAS, Indian AZALEAS, well set with buds;
RHODODENDRONS, fine named sorts; PALMS, and
other GREENHOUSE PLANTS, from Ghent; Standard
and Dwarf ROSES from English and French nurseries ;
Variegated and Green HOLLIES. Hardy Ornamental
CONIFERS, Standard flower-ing TREES, &c., from Hollandj
and an importation of Double and Sin,;le HYACINTHS,
TULIPS. CROCUSES. NARCIS.^US. SCILLAS, GLADI-
OLI, LILIUMS, and oiher DUTCH BULBS.
On view mornine of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Monday Next.— (Sale No. 6532.)
BULBS from Holland, ROSES from France.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C. on MONDAY NEXT. December 3 at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a consignment of First-class
Standard and Dwarf ROSES, fine named varieties, from one of
the best known Nurseries in France; also an importation of
choice named Dcuble and Sinjle HYACINTHS, of all colours,
for Glasses, Pots, and F, orders ; TULI PS, CROCUSES. NAR-
CISSUS. SCILLAS, SNOWDROPS, IRIS, ANEMONES,
RANUNCULI, and other Dutch BULBS, in lots, to suit all
buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6534,)
PLANTS and BULBS from DUTCH, ENGLISH, and
FRENCH NURSERIES.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, Dec-mbers.
at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 2o:)o first-cl'SS Standard and
Dwarf ROSES from well-known English and French Nurseries,
Standard and Pyramid FRUIT TREES. Specimen Hardy
Ornamental CONIFERS, RHODODENDRONS. Flowering
TREES and SHRUBS frcm Holland. CARNATIONS,
PICOTEES, PINK3, Haidy Herbaceous BORDER
PLAN IS, a consignment of Double and Single H YACI NTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUoES, NARCISSUS, and other DUT. H
BULBS, LAWN MOWING MACHINES, GARDEN
ENGINE. &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6535.)
CVPRIPEDIUM LAWRENCEANUM.
DENDROBIUM LOWIL
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUG riON, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT, December 6, at half-
past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.,
several hundreds of splendid plants of CVPRI HEDIUM LAW-
RENCEANUM. in the best possible condiuon ; DfcNDRO-
BIUM LOWK. in quantltv ; CAlTLEYA MKNDELU,
ODONTOGLOSSUM TRIU.UPHANS, t). ALEXANDRyE,
fine masses ; LjELIA PURPURATA, establiAed plants, with
flower-sheaths. .
On view morninE of Sale, and Catalogues had.
THursday Next —(Sale No 6535.)
LILIUM AURATUM from Japan.
7000 Bulbs in fine condition,
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
December 6.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.— (Sale No, 6535)
CYPKIPEDIUM ROBBELENI, Rchb. f.
AERIDES SPECIES, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, December 6,
at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Mr, R. Pfau, a
magnificent importation in splendid specimens of CYPRIt^E-
DIUM ROBBELENI. Rchb. f., and AERIDES SPECIES,
variety with orange-yellow lip. Both have been collected in a
new locality, and have just arrived in ihe very best condition.
At the same Sale will be offered a few lots of the rare ODON-
TOGLOSSUM KRaMERI and EPIDENDRUM PSEUD-
EPIDENDRUM: also the lollowing ; — TRICHi IPILIA
LEHIDA and CRISPA, ODONTOGLOSSUM REICHEN-
HEIMII, 1 A-.VE, EGERTONIANUM ; CVPRIPEDIUM
CAUD-vTUM. PESCAiOREI. CERINA; TRICHOCEN-
TRUM PFAUII. SOBRALIA FENZLIANA, &c.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Immense Importation of Llllum auratum and other
BULBS from JAPAN.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, EARLY THIS MONTH, a consign-
ment of 313 cases from Japan, comprising some gigantic bulbs of
LILIUM AURATUM. L. KRAMEKI. L, bPEClObUM,
ROSEUM and ALBUM, L. LONGIFLORUM, and L.
THUNBERGIANUM.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
500 Camellias from America.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, EARLY THIS MONTH, by order of
Messrs, Hovey & Co.. of Boston, U.S. A,, about 500 plants of
the three Seedling CAM ELLIAS— C. M. Hovey. C H. Hovey,
and Mrs. Anna Maria Hovey ; also a few other PLANTS anti
BULBS
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Stove and Greenhouse Plants.
MR. J. C. STEVENS is instructed to offer
for SALE by PRIVATE CONTRACT, a quantity of
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising about
240 plants, the majority in tubs and pots, consisiiog of Camel-
lias, Azaleas, Dtactenas, Palms, Araucarias, Tree Ferns, &c.,
suitable for large Hotels, Halls, &c.
For Cards to view the above, which are at Birmingham, apply
to Mr. J. C. STEVENS, 38, King Street, Covent Garden,
London, W.C.
Monday, Thursday, and Saturday Next.
DUTCH BULB-;.- Great Unreserved Sales.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Cen'ral Sale Rooms.
67 and 63. Cheapside, E.C.. on MONDAY, THURSDAY, and
SATURDAY NEXT, at half-past it o'l lock precisely
each day, extensive consignments of HYACINTHS, TULIPS,
CROCUS, NARCISSU.S, SNOWDROPS, GLADIOLUS,
and other ROOTS from Holland.
On view mornings of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and 8, New Broad Street. E.C.
Important Sale of about 300 Choice Double Camellias
and AZALEA INDICA. compact plants, i to 3 feet, beau-
tifully set with bloom-buds; GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
in variety : 400 handsome Standard and Dwarf ROSES
of the best sorts; Selected FKUIT TREES. Haidy
CONIFER/E, SHRUBS. AMERICAN PLANTS,
DUTCH BULBS, S,o.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auciion
Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C, on TUESDAY,
December 4. at iz o'clock precisely.
On view the moming of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms,
and of the Auctioneers. 8, New Broad Street, E,C.
Wednesday Next,
5oao LILIUM AURATUM, fine Bulbs.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheaoside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, at
half-past t2 o'clock precisely, 5000 very fine Bulbs of LILIUM
AURATUM just received from Japan; a fine assortment of
hardy English-grown LILIES. M I LLA BIKLORA, ROSES.
CARNA'lIONS, PICOTEES, and various other PLANTS and
BULBS too numerous to mention.
On view morning of Sale, Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E,C.
Consignment from India
Of about 200 PANAX VlCTORI/E DIFFUSUM, DU-
MOSUM. and a New Variety.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will include the above in their SALE, to lake place at
the Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on
WEDNESDAY NEXT.
Sunbury, Middlesex.
Ten minutes* walk from the Station.
By Order of the Execut.^rs of the late Mr, R, A, Osborne,
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, 0,-b .rne's
Nursery, Sunbury, on THURSDAY, December 6. at 120'Clock
precisely, the Fourth and Final Portion of the excepii .nally
well grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising a variety of
Ornamental and Deciduous Trees, 20, wo truit Trees, including
6co Moor Park Apiicots. trained and Maidens ; io,oco Maiden
Apoles, 3000 Plums and Damsons, 4500 Pe^rs, 8coo Dwarf
H.P. Roses. Qoo Standard H P, Roses, small Evergreens in
large quantitie.-, and 50 bushels of Peas.
The Auctioneers beg to draw special altention to the large
quantity of FRUIT TREES, for which ihe late firm of Messrs.
Osbjrne were so justly celebrated, the whole being for Sale,
without the least reserve.
May be viewed Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the
Auciioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New
Broad Street, EC. ., ,
N.B. The valuable FREEHOLD NURSERY, with the
Glass Elections, is FOR SALE on advantageous Terms. Par-
ticulars of the Auctioneers,
Saturday Next.
ROSES, BULBS, and PLANTS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE- and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on SATURDAY NEXT, at half-
past II o'clock precisely, S'-o fine named Standard and Dwarf
ROSES, a colleciion ot hardy English-grown LILIES and
BULBS, DUTCH FLOWER ROOTS, CARNAIIONS,
PICOTEES, &c
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street. E C.
^(ittershaw Park Nursery. Ottershaw, Chertsey.
UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of well-grown
NURSERY STOCK, Owing to this property being Sjld,
and the Lease having expired,
MESSRS. R. AND J. WATERER AND
SON have been favoured with instructions from Mr. W.
Fletcher to SELL by AUCTION, upon the Premises, on
MONDAY. December 3, and following days, at 11 for 120'Clock
precisely on each day, the whole of the NURSERY SIOCK,
on the above Land, comprising 50,000 Standard and Pyramid
Fruit Trees of the choicest sons of App'es, Pears, ard Plums ;
300 Dwarf-trained Fruit Trees : lo.coo Common Pi ivet ; 15 oco
Forest Trees, consisting of Horse Che.tnut and Birch. 12 to
20 feet ; Scarlet Oaks. 4 to 6 feet ; Weymouth Pine, 8 to 12 feet :
Purple Beech, 7 to 12 feet : Weeping Beech and Elm. 8 to
10 feet ; Norway Maple, 3 to 14 feet ; Hornbeam, 6 to 12 feet ;
Limes, 4 to 10 feet ; Spanish Chestnuts, i to 3 feet ; Elms,
2 to 3 feet ; and a number of Ornamental Shrubs. Picea Nord-
manniana, Aucubas, named Rhododendrons, Variegated and
Green Hollies, &c. ; a lew choice Standard and Dwarf Rose
Trees, and other stock.
May be viewed, and Catalogues obtained 7 days prior to the
days of Sale, at the principal Hotels and Inns in the neighbour-
hood ; of Messrs. FLETCHER and SONS, (Itteishaw
Nurseries ; and of the Auctioneers, Chertsey, and Weybridge
Station, Surrey.
LAND.— WANTED to PURCHASE, or
LEASE, 4 to 6 acres or more of good Land, suitable for
a Nursery or Market Garden, facing a main road, and near a
Railway Station, not more than 12 miles from Covent Garden.
If with good house preferred.
Send pariicuhrs to R, OWEN, Mill End, Henley-on-Thames,
To NiuTserymen and others.
TO BE SOLD, with possession on settlement,
a vjluable NURSERY, close to Biighton. A going
concern For particulars, adoress
Messrs EVERiHED and SH \PLAND. Solicitors, Brighton.
OR SALE, a FREEHOLD PLOT of
LAND, with five Greenhouses well Heated with Hot
Water ; Stove, Rosery, Vinery, two Flower-houses, In a
rapidly rising neighbourhood surrounded by villas, 15 miles
from London, three minutes from Junction on London and
North-Westem Railway. Price, with Stock, ;^S50. or could
be taken at valuation. Illness cause of leaving. Apply,
H. PETTY, Watford, Heiu.
FLORIST'S BUSINESS, first-class invest-
ment combined with a genteel occupation. The Shop is
most commanding, and situated in one of the best mam
suburban thoroughfares. . ■
Parnculars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
A SPLENDID OPPORTUNITY
is offered to any enterprising party or parties in the
Nursery Trade for the acquisition, either by RENTAL or PUR-
CHASE, ofa well known and long established NURSERY ia
the central part of England. Both soil and situation are ad-
mirably adapted for the purpose, producing clean, well grown
stuff, splendidly root':'d, and for which it has a high reputation
in the trade. The stock is all young and heaUriy, and em-
braces a general colkction of Nursery Stufl", wii h utiique selec-
tion of Conifers, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, a'ld Fruit Trees.
It is a sound going concern, vi h a good Retail Connection, in
addition to a large Wholesale Tiade, boih of which, in capable
hands, might be greatly ext' ndcd. Advanced age of the pro-
prietor is the sole reason of this eligible business bein^ ofFeied.
Principals oiily will be negotiatea with, and fuller particulars
may be obtained on application to
G. B. C, Mr, John JJownie, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh,
Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed
BUSlNESbES to be DISPOSED OF.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS'
HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full
particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at
8, New Broad Street. E C.
TMILLINGTON and CO., English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
Trade Catalogues.
WANTED, AGENTS for the following
HorticuUural Specialities : —
FERTILISING MOSS- for Growing Plants without Earth.
UNIVERSAL PLANT FOOD— the best and safest Plant '
Stimulant and Ground Dressing extant.
PRUNING andGKAFTING COM PUSITION— for Healing
Cuts and Wounds, and fur Preserving Grafts and Cut-
lings ; sure Protection from Rabbits, &c.
The above should be included in every Trade Catalogue.
Liberal terms. Trade Travellers apply.
Burstow Nursery, Hoilr;y, Surrey.
The
Dipl6me
d'Honneur.
Amsterdam Exliibition, 1883.
SUTTON S' GRASS SEEDS
were used for Sowing the whole of the
Exhibition Grounds, and have been awarded ihe
Highest Recompense, viz., the Dip 6me d'Hon-
neur,
SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading,
Berks.
FOR SALE, 2 Royal George and 2 Noblesse
PEACHES, dwarf-t'ained ttees. Have been growing
against greenhouse w^U. Will remove well. Average height
and breadth, g feet. Apply to
E. PAUL, Obston Road, West Barret, Herts.
MANETTI STOCKS, clean, hard, and well-
rooted, fine for graliin^, 30^. per icoo, j^5 per 5 co.
RASPBERRIES, strong, weil rooted canes, ofa large free
bearing market variety, bs per too ; 5:15. per i"00. All package
free for Cash with order —KIRK Al,LEN, The Nuisety, Fee
Drayton, near St. Ives, Hunts.
SPECIAL OFFER of ROSES, FRUIT and
ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS of ihe best
quality— all sizes, at Reduced Prices. Price LIST on applica-
tion to
WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK, Goldsworlh Old Nursery,
Woking. Surrey.
SEAKALE for Forcing, the largest in growth.
Price on applic.'tion.
ALFRED ATWOOD, Maiket Gardener, so, Shelingston,
Battersea. S.W.
Staitdard Roses.
HLANE AND SON can supply fine
• Standard and Half-Standards, at 15J. to iSs. per dozen.
Catalogue on application.
The Nurseries, Berkhamp^ted, Herts.
LUluni auratum.— To the Trade
TAMES CARTER, DUNNETT AND
f.f BEALE are prepared to offer Cases containing 50 and roo
bulbs, as imported — unripenea and examined Ptice on applica-
tion. Also strong bidSs of L. LANCiFOLlUM ALBUM,
RUBRUM, and KOSEUM.
237 and 2^8, High Holborn, T ondon, W.C.
FRICAN TUBEROSES, a second and
very fine cr-nsignment. just arrived,
GLADIOLUS BRENCH LEY ENS iS.unubUailv fine th'syear.
Price per rooo and 100, to the Trade, on apoHcation to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and 238,
High Holborn. London, W.C.
USTRIAN PINE, very fine transplanted
trees. 2 to 2% feet, -^os. per 1000 ; SCOTCH FIR, 2 to
3 feet, 20J. per 1000. PINUS LARICIO, v% to 3 feet, 30^.
per 1000. PICEA NORDMANNIANA, 1% to 2 teet, 40J.
per 100. CEDRUS DEODARA, ^M to 2 feet, 50J. per 100,
and others very cheap. PLUMS. Rivers' Early Prolific, 5 feet
high,50i-. per 100. — W. JACKSON, Blakedown. Kidd'_rminster.
FOR S A L E, S well-furnished Moorpark
APRICOTS, in large pots, from 4 to 8 feet high ; 6
Mayduke CHERRIES, Wall Standard-^, and a quantity of
first-cUss PEARS, Wall Standards all m first-c'a'-s fniir-hearing
condiiir.r,. Al^o 2 large plants of ARAUJ-VMA EXCELSA,
8 feet high, well-furni-hed Price and particulars
ROBLRT SLlilGKlHOLM, burntwoud Hall Gardens,
rear Bainsley, Yorkshire.
R O T O N S, A R A L 1 A S, &c.—
CROTONS in variety, well furnished stuff, in 4S's, at
iZs. per dozen, ARALIA SIEBOLDI, good plants, 48's, at
6s. per dozen. Black Hamburgh GRAPE VINES, strong
fruiting canes (8 feet), 6s. each. Lower prices per 100.
SMITH AND LARKE, Ashford, Middlesex.
December i, 1883.)
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
679
IpRUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES
in all the Best Cropping Varielies.
APPLES, PEARS and CHERRIES, Dwatf-trained, good
trees, \'-s, and i8j. per dozen.
PEARS, Pyramid, 401. and 50J. per ico ; good fruiting trees,
75^. and 1001. per loj ; Maidens, 3or, per 100.
APPLES. Pyramid, 40?., 505., and 751. per loo,
CHERRIEb, Dwarf-trained Moreilo and May Duke, 15J. and
i8i per dozen.
CURRANTS, Red and B!ack, of sorts to name, 8j., loi. and
\is. per lou.
RA'^PUEkKIb.S, Fillbasket, Cis. per 100.
ROSES Dwarf H.F.'s. our selection, 301. per roo.
CONIKEKS. bushy, for puts, window boxes, tf:c., 9 to 15 in.,
?5T, per lo).
POPLARS, Lombardy and Ontario, from 5 to 10 feet, Zs. to
35J. per lao ; 1 2 to 16 fee, extra fine, tor screens, grown
in single line?, 151. per dozen, looj. pel ico.
SHRUB-^. Deciduous, izf. and 15^. per ico, good plants.
HEATHS, Hardy, of sons to name, 15J. per 100.
THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts. Standards and Pyra-
mids. 5<xr, and 75J. per loj.
SPIR^A PALMATa, fine furcinji clumps, idj., 15J. and aor.
pf-r I03.
AUCU BAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots, &c., 9 to 12 in., \(>s.
per t(o ; II to 15 inches, 201. per 100.
WM. CLIBRAN and son, Oldfieid Nurseries, Altnncham.
To the Trade.
HOME GROWN VEGETABLE atid FIELD SEEDS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special offers of all the varieiies of VEGETABLE
and AGRICULTUAL SEEDS they have grown this season
from choice s-elected stocks. The quality of the seeds is ex-
cellent, and the prices are very low.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
R U I T TREES (74 acres). —
APPLES. PEARS. PLUMS. CHERRIES, PEACHES.
NECTARINKS, APRICOTS. &c , as Standards, Dwans,
Pyramids, Bu hes. Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety.
VINES, excellent canes, 31. ^d. to loj. (>ti. ORCHARD
HOUSE TREES in pots, fiom 5^. FIGS, from 31 td.
Descriptive LIST, containing a skeich of ihe various fcirms of
Trees, with directions for Cultivation. Soil, Drainage, Manure,
Pruning, Lifting, Crop])ing Treatment under Glass; also infor-
mation as to Sv'onyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin. Colour, Fles^h,
Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season. Price, itc, free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Worcester.
EaDING hero.— a few Tons of this
famous POTATO tor Sale. Price /8 per ton, or gr.
per cwt., on rail, baes included. Cash with order.
J. J. CLARK, Goldslone Farm, West Brighton, Sussex.
Lily of the Valley.
EKRUIJFF, Sassenheim, near Haarlem,
• Holland, has to offer, to the Trade only, strong select-'d
Buds of CONVALLARIA MAJALIS for Forcing, at zr. 6</.
per 100, 1-2S, per 1000. Terms cash. Samples free on
application.
Hyactnths. Tulips, Narcissus. Lilies. &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., BULB
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post-
free on application.
ELWAY AND SpN'S CATALOGUE
of GLADIOLI, describing all the varieties worth grow-
ing, and at prices as low as those of any other house, will be
forwarded on application.
Langport, Somerset.
RAPE VINES.— A fine stock in leading
varieties. Planting and Fruiting Canes. Apply to
FRANCIS K. KlNGHORN, Nurser>man, Richmond.
ORCHIDS for SALE.— A GENTLEMAN
changing hts residence, cffcrs large healthy Specimens of
ODONTOGLOSSUM Vt XILlARIUM, &c fine varielies.
0- HARMAN. Lyiham Villa. Croydon Road. Penge, S.E.
HITE (CAPE) EVERLASTINGS.—
50,000 Bunches of 50 in a bunch, in Urge or small
quantities, 20 per cent, cheaper than any other house in the
trare. Samples and p'ices on application to
WALTER WATSON, Horist, Higham Hill, Waltham-
stow, Essex.
/CLEARANCE SALE
\J of NURSERY STOCK.
The Proprietor is giving up business, and offers his Stock,
consisting of Larch, Scotch and Spruce Fir, Austrian Pine, Oak,
Elm, Ash. Beech, Bi'Ch, Thorn Quicks, C -niters of different
ages and sizes, Standard and Dwarr Roses, Fruit Trees, Green-
house Plants, &c., at VERY reduced prices.
Samples and Prices on aoplication at Cl"nmr-l Nurseries, Ireland.
lo the Traae.
PALMS and FERNS
from Stores.
PALMS — Latania borbonica (Livistona sinensis) and Corypha
australis. 6.r. per 100, 555 per icoo.
FERNS — Blechnum curcovadense, Phlebodium aureum, Adi-
antum pubescens, and Pteris cretica albo-lineata, ts per too ;
Chcilanlhes elegans, and Gold Gymnogrammas, \is p. 100.
Ferns in about 8 or 10 varieties, from stores, 7.?. per loa.
These are all good strong stuff.
Trade LIST free on application.
W. M. CROWE, Boleyn Nursery, Upton. Essex.
SPARAGUS.— Extra fine stuff, 2, 3, and
4-yr. Samples and price on application.
THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
London.
CUT LILY of the VALLEY. — Yhe
Advertisers are now booking orders for a regular supply
of cut Lilly of the Valley, commencing December 15 up to
April, Orders should be sent in early to insure really fine
blooms for Christmas Price, &c.. on apohcation to
TUKNER BRcS, Florists, Green Hill Nursery, Allerton,
Liverpool.
To the Trade.
SEED POTATOS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• soeclal offers of their fine selected stocks of SEED
POTATOS, grown under their own superintendence expres-ly
for setd purposes. Their LI^Tincludes all the varieties worthy
of cultivation, and the piices will be tound very reasonable.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
NEVST APPLE.
"HEREFORDSHIRE BEEFING."
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
(LIMITED)
have much pleasure in now offering, for the
first time, good healthy young trees of this
valuable, late-keeping Apple, which for beauty
and general good qualities they have every
confidence in stating is unsurpassed. The tree
is upright in habit, very vigorous and healthy
in growth, never failing to produce, even in the
most unfavourable seasons, abundant crops of
large and very handsome fruit. Colour deep
red all over ; flesh white, very firm, crisp and
juicy. It will keep in good condition till June,
and is excellent for either dessert or culinary
purposes.
This excellent Apple was much admired by
all who saw it at the Great Apple Congress
recently held at Chiswick.
Strong Maiden Trees.. 3a. 6d. each.
>. 2-yr. ,, .. 53. Od. ,,
Fruit Tree Catalogue free on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY k SEED CO.
(LIMITED),
KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD.
Trade Frlee on appltcatlon.
w
-THE OLD ESTABLISHED-
NURSERY, SEED&IMPLENIENT BUSINESS
^V,-<«^Inrivalled FOR''^**J^^A^
_PUAL1TY VARIETY & i^XTENT
^rj FOREST ' FRUIT • W/
,*< i ALL OTHER >H»
•/A TREES <£ PLANTS/ 4-
ir
^^o^tns'ses-^sf-
PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE
JamesDickson&Sons
"NEWTON'NURSERIES ,
^- — CHESTER
ANTH ON Y WATE RER
Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—
HOLLI ES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to
,, laurifolia. ditto. [10 feet high. ]
,, Hodp'ns', 3, 4. 5 to 8 feet.
,, mynifolia, diit). \ „ ,i,^....„„j„
" c I J J- . /many thousands.
,, saw-leaved, ditto. ' '
,, Scottica, 3 to 8 feet.
„ Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others.
„ Variegated , o) sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 ft.
„ Waterer's, splendid plants, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet
in circumrerence.
„ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of
beautiiul specimens.
,, Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful
heads, tea to fifteen years' growth, hundreds.
,, new Goldeu Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 7 feet, many
thousands.
YEWS. Common, 3. 4, 5. 6, to 10 feet, thousands.
,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.
CUPRESbUS ERECTA VIKlDiS, 3. 4. 5. 6. to 8 feet,
thou-iands.
,, Lawsoiiiana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLARRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4. 5,6, 7, 8, to
10 feet. The plants are covered with fcuds.
AZALEAS. Hsrdy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and
5 ft-ei hiiih, ihousands,
JUNIPERS, (.hinese, 7.8 and 10 feet high.
PICEA PINSAPO. 6 10 8 feet.
„ NORDMaNNIANA, 6, 7. and 8 feet.
Euap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey.
T
CRANSTON'S Descriptive CATALOGUES
of Fruit and FOREST TREES, SHRUUS, &c., are
now ready, and may be had free on application.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY and SEED COMPANY
(Limited), King's Acre, Hereford.
WILLIAM FLETCHliK has lo ofier :—
LAlvCH, twice transplanted, 2 to 4 feet ; HAZEL,
2 to 4 feet ; CHESTNUT, Spanish, 2 to 4 feet. Prices on appli-
cation. The Nurseries. Otteishaw. Chertsey.
Carriage Paid.
CAULIFLOWKK, &c,, PLANTS : —
Aiiliimn sown sturdy gond plants. Karlv London,
Asiatic, Cyprus. Erfurt, and Walchcren CAULIFLOWER;
Il.-ith. White, Green, Blood-red, and Brown Cts, Wirilcr
Passion and Swede's Head CABBAGE LEI ri'CK ; Broad-
Iravcd Batavian and Green Curled ENDIVE ; t.iant
Rncca and Flat Trionli ON ION PLANTS ; Early Rainharo,
Saint John's Day, Daniel's Defiance, and many other choicest
vaiieties of CABBAGE PLANTS; Abergeldic and Melville's
Variegated KALE; Aigburth BRUSSELS SPRIlUTS. and
Purple SproutinE BROCLOLf, is. (mI. per ico. Go.jd large
plants only sent. Also the followine varieties of Herbs, viz ;—
Pot MARJORAM, Winter SAVORY. LKMON and Wmter
THYME, HYSSOP, BALM, LAVENDER, WllLOEF,
BELLVILLE SORKEL, TANSV. FENNEL. Broad-leaved
SAGE, HOREHOUND, WORMWOOD, and FEVERFEW,
\s. "id. per dozen, 8i, per ico.
Post-office Order (with order) payable Godalming, to
EDWARD LEIGH, Dunsfold, Godalming.
SEAKALE.— A large Stock of fine strong
Roots, for Forcing; and Planting.
Also eood 2-yr. old GIANT ASPARAGUS.
FRUIT TREES.— Fine healthy stock of horizontal and
dwarf-tiained Apples and Pears, and dwarf-trained Apricots,
Cherries, Plums, Peaches and Nectarines.
Price on application.
D. S. THOMSON, The Nurseries, Wimbledon.
Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs.
THE LAWSON hEED and NURSERY
COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, hive an immense
Stock of the leading kinds of Seedling and Transplanted
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS, &c.— all in healthy coi.di-
tion and prices moderate. Specnd cflers on application.
AMES SMITH and SONS, Darley Dale
Nurseries, near Matlock, beg to offer the following in
nice plants : —
AZALEA FONTICA, i to 1% foot, 20J. per 100, or 190^. per
loco; ij^ to 2 feet, 30J. per loo, or 28jj. per 1000.
BERBERIS DARWINII. 1 to \% foot, i8j. per 100, or 160X.
per 1000 ; ij^ to z feet, 251. per loo, or 220J, per looc.
^O T H E TRADE.
CHRISTMAS ROSES, extra fine stuff, well set with
flower-buds, s,is per loo.
HYACINTHS, White Roman, iij. per too.
NARCISS, Paper-white, 7s. per roo.
,, Pheasant's-eye, 14J- per 1000.
CROCUS. Yellow, 7s. per 1000.
SNOWDROPS. i6i per 1000.
SCILLA SIBIRICA. 31. bd. per roo.
GLADIOLUS BRENcHLEYENSIS. 551. per tooo.
SANDER AND CO., Seed Growers, St. Albans.
Fruit Trees to Offer.
STANDARD APPLES and PEARS, also
PURPLE and WEEPING BEECH. Piice per 100 oa
application to
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey,
Surrey.
DUTCH BULBS. — Choice selections of
Double and Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CRO-
CUSES, &C., for cultivation in the Room or Garden, m
assoited packets, at 7^. 6,/., lo-r. 6^, 155. fid., 21J. fid., 3*15 6/.,
.^2 aj., and .£3 3r. Also a new kind of TULI P, just appi-ared,
with variegated leaves, highly ornamental, even alter the fljwer
has ceased to bloom. CJblained from ihe well known fl'<iist at
Haarlem. Kindly send ( Itdets before Dec. 7 wii h remittance to
Miss ELONT, 73. Mildmay Park, N.
Any profit arising fiom the sale to be devoted to the work of
the Deaconesses amone the East End poor in connection with
the Conference Hall, Mddmay Park. London, N.
SPECIAL OFFER, for Cover Planting, &c.
ASH, BIRCH, BEECH. Spani-hCHKSTNUT. OAK,
PRIVET, LARCH, Scotch and SMtuce FIR, OSIERS and
WITHY; also a good selection of Ornamental TREES and
SHRUUS. ROSE and FRUIT TREES of all sizes.
CATALOGUES and samples on application.
VV. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford.
R GILBERT begs to inform the Public he is
• now prepared to send post-free CHOU DE BURGH-
LEY, at as. f,d. per Ji ounce Packet. BURGH LEY PET
MELON, as. td. per Six Seeds.
R. G. regrets through a printer's error to be made say Choii
de Burghley is sold in J4 ounce Packets, which should be in
QUARTER-OUNCE PACKETS. See CIRCULAR.
High Park Gardens, Stamford.
TOHNSTONE'S ST. MARTIN'S
O RHUBARB.
Strong Roots, rs. each, 9s. per dozen.
We have tried all sorts of Rhubarb, and have found none to
surpass, if even to equal "Johnstone's St. Mai tin's** — it is the
paragon of excellence for forcing, or for outdoor culture. Trade
Price, and Copy of TRADE NURSERY LIST, may be had on
application.
W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee. N.B.
Deutzla gracilis.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey,
Sharpd's Seeds.
CHARLES SHARPE and C O.,
Seed Growers and Shed Merchants, Sleaford, wiil
be glad to forwaid, pobt free on application Special V\ hole-
sale quotations of their own selected .-tccks ol Garden and Agri-
cultural Seeds. Sieafi>rd.— Ociobtr. 1883.
NEW POTATO, "THE MAYFLOWER."
— The remirkable new American sort. Per bushel, £,1 ;
per barrel, £'2 loj . f.o.b. at New York.
J. C. VAUGHAN, Potato Grower, Chicago, U.S.A.
68o
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December l, 1883.
VIOLET, COUNT BRAZZI'S WHITE
NEAPOLITAN.
Magnificent variety. Flowers large, double, pure white,
deliciously scented. The finest of all Double White Violets.
Splendid for bouquets. Awarded a First-class Certificate by
the Royal Horticultural Society on November 13.
Good strong plants, from pots, 15^. per doz., \s. 6d, each ; extra
strong, 24^. per doz., 2f. 6d. each. Carriage free.
DANIELS BBOS.,
TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH.
TO THE TRADE.
Dwarf-trained and Maiden Fruit Trees and Roses, of
fine (iuallt7, grown on fresb land at Busb HUl.
APRICOTS, trained, ofis. per dozen.
CHERRIES, in variety, trained, except May Dnke and
Morello, 2ij. and 24J. per dozen,
PEACHESand NECTARINES, trained, £12 10s. p. 100.
PEACHES, Dwarf Maiden, £-3 13^. per 100.
PLUMS, trained, £j los., £8 151., and jTio per icra.
PLUMS, Dwarf Maiden, £2 los. per 100, [100,
ROSES, Standard and Half-standard, £^ loj. to £4 per
HUGH LOW & CO.,
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
THE RUIN OF NURSERYMEN
May be understood when circumstances lead to
such Prices as the following : —
STANDARD RHODODENDRONS worth s, 4, 3, aud 2
guineas, are being sold at 21;., 15^ , io£. 6d. and 5J.
BUSH RHODODENDRONS, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2 guineas, sold
at trom 75. ^d. to IJ.
ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA, and other kinds, JJ. id.
to 1^.
SPIR^A k-ALMATA, fine forcing clumps.
SPIR^A JAPONICA, fine forcing clumps.
The largest stock in Europe.
HODGINS' and other HOLLIES, perfect specimens, 7, 6, 5,
4. 3 and 2 feet, from 15J., lof. bd.^ to is.
AVENUE TREES, perfect specimens, 12 to 15 feet, at 51..
3s. dd. and zs, 6d.
COLLECTION of SHRUBS and 1 REES for general planting,
25J. to 75^. per 100.
Extra large FRUITING TREES of APPLES, PEARS,
CHERRIES. &c., frcm 3!. 6d. to is.
Other Trees, Shrubs, &c., not enumerated in this Advertisement,
will be supplied on the same liberal terms.
CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.
TO THE TRADE.
I have pleasure in stating that my Trade offer of SINGLE
D AH LI A and other CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS is in course
of preparation, and will be posted in the course of a few days
to all my Trade Customers. It may also be had by any of the
Trade not already upon my Register,
THOatAS S. WABE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from iSs. to 36^. per dozen.
These "World-famed BOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
CHAS. KERSHAW'S
NEW EARLY RHUBARB, "PARAGON,"
May be had of tlie following Firms:—
Messrs. HURST and SON, 152. Houndsditch, London, E.
Messrs. SUTTON and SONS. Reading.
Messrs. WATKINS and SIMPSON, Strand, W.C.
Messrs JACOB WRENCH and SONS, London Bridge, E.G.
Mr. ALFRED LEGERTON, 5, Allgate, London, E.C.
Messrs. J AS. FARRARand CO., 36, Primrose Street, Bishops-
Messrs. TOOLE and CO.. Dublin. gate, EC.
Messrs. HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, W.C.
Messrs. NUTTING and SONS. 60, Barbican, London, E.C.
Messrs. RCHD. SMITH and CO.. Worcester.
Messrs. JAS. BACKHOUSE and SON, York.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY.
THE LAWSON SEED COMPANY, Edinburgh.
Messr.s. DANIELS BROS., Norwich.
Mr. SAMUEL YATES, 16 and 18. Old Mitigate. Manchester.
Messrs. WAITE. NASH, HUGGINS and CO, 79, South-
wark Street, S.E. [Chester.
Messrs. JAS. DICKSON AND SONS, Newton Nurseries,
Messrs. FISHER, SON and SIBRAY, Sheffield.
Messrs. HARRISON and SONS, Leicester
Messrs. C. LEE and SON, Hammersmith. W.
Trade Price on application.
Or, direct from-CHARLES KERSHAW,
The Slead Syke Nurseries, Brighouse.
LILIUM HARRISII
(the Bermuda Easter Lily),
one of the most valuable introductions of late years, a long
trumpet-flowered white Lily, beautifully reflexed, bearing
frequently from 6 to lo, and has been photographed with over
30 flowers on one spike. Forces in pots with great facility, and
IS so full of vitality that several and continued growths frequently
spring from one bulb. It is quite distinct from L. longiflorum.
Bulbs, 2s. eaclL. 18s. per dozen, 120s. per 100.
Delivered free. Special tenns to Trade growers in quantity.
HOOPER & CO., COVEMT GARDEN, LONDON. W.C.
FRUIT TREES,
ORNAMENXAL TREES and SHRUBS,
FOREST TREES,
Roses, Rhododendrons, Climbers, &c.
Iiarge and Healthy Stock, in Prime
Condition for Semoval.
Catalogues free by Post, on application to
J. CHBAJj & SONS,
Lowfield Nurseries,
CRAWLEY, SUSSEX.
ORNAMENTAL TREES,
3frult ttrces,
Evergreens & Cover Plants.
^^\ TRoscs,
I And ALLOTHER TREES & PLANTS
gltliiiblcnltoaijs. Address in full—
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
Cbester.
Orchids a Speciality.
The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such
magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not easy
to form an adequate conception of its unprece-
dented extent.
HUGH LOW & CO.
very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspec-
tion by all lovers of this interesting and beauti-
ful class of plants, whether purchasers or not.
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
CHRISTMAS TREES.
About 40,000 bushy, handsome SPRUCE, 2, 2j4 and 3 feet.
Sample 103, 5^., 6s. and 8^. ; per 1000. ^ss., 6o,f. and 75^.
Cash with order, except to known Correspondents.
ROBERT BLAND,
NURSERYMAN, FORDHAM. near SOHAM.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS.
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from iy. per loo, or 4J.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.
HELLEBORUS NIGER ANGUSTIFOLIUS
(BROCKHURST VARIETY).
See "Gardeners' Cironiole," Nov. 10,
page 591.
Flowering Plants and Clumps of this splen-
did variety, the finest of the Hellebores and
the true Christmas Rose, l.r. dd., is., and
2^. 6rf. each, for forcing and planting.
WM. CLIBRAN & SON,
OLDFIELD NURSERY, ALTRINCHAM, CHESHIRE.
THE PERFECTION OF CUCUMBERS.
CUCUMBERS ALL THE YEAR ROUND.
This variety is large, handsome in form, of a lovely colour, and of
exquisite flavour. It is marvellously productive, as many as 400 fruit
having been cut from 1 2 plants in a 3-light pit.
For succession it is unequalled, bearing as abundantly at Christmas
as at Midsummer.
Price, 2s. 6d. per Packet.
CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD.
December i, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
681
WANTED, HORTICULTURAL COMMERCIAL AGENTS.
THE COMPAGNIE CONTINENTALE d'HORTICULTURE
(formerly J. LINDEN),
Possessing the largest Horticultural Establishments at Ghent, and In the South of France, are desirous
of obtaining Agents in the principal Towns of the United Kingdom and of the British Colonies, for the
disposal of their numberless products.
Address all Communications t» the
DIRECTOR (if the COMPAGNIE CONTINENTALE d'HORTICULTURE, Ghent, Belgium,
esr No one need apply who cannot produce the host references with regard to morality and to knowledge of the huslneao.
The Thames Bank Iron Company,
UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E.
HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS,
and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes.
Illustrated CATALOGUE, i^th edition, price \s.
Price List on application Free.
Gold and Silver Medals,
also
special certificate, Hot-watep apci Hot-alr Apparatus erected Complete, or
the Materials supplied.
Awarded May 22
1883
THE HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER.
Any length up to 18 feet.
A New Edition. Fcap. Cloth. Price 'js.
MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN.
A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE MANAGEMENT AND ADORNMENT
OF GARDENS OF EVERY SIZE.
London : BRADBURY, AGNBW, & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
of every description con-
structed, erected, fitted,
and heated.
Illustrated CA TALOGUE Fret.
T.H.P.Dennis&Co.,
Chelmsford, Essex.
London Office :
Mansion House Buildings.
Crown 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece. Price \s. 6d.
HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING.
A HANDY MANUAL FOR THE IMPROVED CULTIVATION OF ALL VEGETABLES.
By WILLIAM EARLEY, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c.
London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C.
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDINGS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
BRECTED and HEATED.
MESSENGER & CO.S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to oMaln, with the least obstruction to Ught and sun, the greatest Strength and Rigidity.
The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition.
Three Uedals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application.
Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates oj Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses,
Forcing Houses, S^c, recently erected by M. &= Co., for 24 stamps.
MESSENGEE & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH.
682
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December i, 1883.
FERNS A SPECIALITY.
EXOTIC and BRITISH FERNS
and SELAGINELIiAS,
Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERNERIES, and other purposes, in immense
number and variety. SPECIAL LISTS, issued at intervals
during the year, giving extremely low quotations, may be had
FREE on application.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER.
AMERICAN SEEDS.
2 2^- Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.
SEEDS °f MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN' GARDEN TOOLS,
BOOKS, &c.
All offered by the oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.
Pounded in 1784.
ADDRESS ;—
LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.
CAPE BULBS.
CAPE BULBS.
The undersigned is now in a position to offer all the leading
kinds of Cape Bulbs, in large or small quantities, for export,
from December to March,
DISA GRANDIFLORA, and other TERRESTRIAL
OKCHiDS.
The Trade supplied. Price LIST on application,
ROBERT TEMPL.EMAN,
Seedsman and Florist, 12, Casile Street, Capetown.
E. G. HENDERSON & SON,
PINE-APPLE NURSERY,
MAIDA VALE, LONDON, N.W.
The following are offered at exceptional
low cash prices. Less than quantities quoted
may be had at the same rate : —
ORCHIDS. s. d.
12 choice free flowering sorts for .. 21 o
12 ,, ,, extra size .. .. . . 30 o
12 „ ,, very choice selected .. 42 o
100 in 50 sorts for . . 200 o
ICO in 100 sorts lor 400 o
Special Cheap Price LIST of NEW PLANTS on application.
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS,
Including the most useful and beautiful foliaged and flowering
plants and climbers, carefully selected.
12 fine young healthy plants, distinct, 6j'. to i2i.
100 in 100 varieties, forming an unequilled collection, 42J,
12 Ferns, verv choice and pretty. 65. and gr. : 100 Ferns, 42J.
GREENHOUSE RHODODENDRONS, charming varie-
ties, beaulifQlly scented, 12 varieties, 185., 30.J., and 42^.
12 AZ'^LKAS. full of flower-buds, i2r., lar.. to 30J.
12 CAMELLIAS, strong healthy plants, 2ii. and 425.
12 Tree Carnations, strong in pots, winter bloom, zu. and 301.
12 Epacris and Ericas, 12^. and xZs.
Beauti'ul hardy herbaceous flowering; plants for the garden
selected from nearly 4000 varieties and species,
12 choice and most desirable kinds, 4.^. and ly.
100 „ ,, ,f in 50 varieties, 2ii.
100 ,, ,, ,, in 100 varieties, 30J. and 42^.
TO THE TRADE ONLY.
SPECIAL CASH OFFER OF OVER
20,000 PALMS,
including Kentias, Arecas. Seaforthias, Latanias, Geo-
nomas, Coryphas, Phosnix, CocosWeddelliana, Caryotas,
&c ; FERNS, in 48's and 6o's ; ARUM LILIES, tor
flowering this season; PANDANUS, CROTONS,
FICUS, lASMINUM GRACILLIMUM (new), STE-
PHANOTIS, and various CLIMBING PLANTS ;
Tuberous and Foliage BEGONIAS, Tree CARNA-
TIONS, and many other useful plants.
Price Lists free on application.
AN INSPECTION IS INVITED.
W. M. CROWE,
BOLEYN NURSERY, UPTON, ESSEX.
The Nursery is about Five Minutes' Walk from Upton
Park Station (London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway),
and Ten Minutes from Forest Gate Station (Great
Eastern Railway).
DAFF0DILS.-DAFF0D1LLIES.-DAFF0D0WNDILLIES.
DESCKIPTIVE LIST FREE GIT APPLICATION
Of more than 200 varieties of DAFFODILS, most of which are new, and many of them have been
figured at various times in the Garden.
Selections for Flower Borders or to Naturalise in Grass, &c., 2J-. 6rf., 3.f. 6</., 5j. 6rf., "js. 6d., los. 6d.,
i^s., 2\s., 42s., 6y., 84J. and 105^.
Fine Mixed Varieties, for Wild Gardens, 42s. per 1000, 5^. 6d. per 100, is. per dozen.
Choice Mixed Varieties, for Wild Gardens, 6y. per loco, 7s. 6d. per 100, is. 6d. per dozen.
IRIS BARBATA, for Naturalisation and surrounding Lakes and Ponds.
PLANTAIN LILIES, to Naturalise "in Grass and to Grow in Shady Places.
WOOD HYACINTHS, for Wild Garden and Shady Walks.
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, WINTER ACONITES, SCILLAS, MUSCARI,
DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLETS, HEPATICAS, ANEMONES, GLADIOLUS, LILIES,
CHRISTMAS ROSES, LENTEN ROSES, &c.
i^" T/ie Catalogue, free on application, gives full particulars as to price, culture, &'c.
BARR & SON, 12, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C.
NEW POTATOS ALL THE YEAR ROUND,
NEW POTATOS FOR CHRISTMAS
May be had without difficulty by planting now,
in pots or frames,
THE
Sharpe's Victor is a seedling raised from the Alma Kidney and
the old early short-top round Potato. It is earlier than any pi esent
variety, and having a very short top is especially suitable for
frame cultivation, and there is no difhculty in Securing new
Potatos for tlie Table every day in the year. Victor
a flattened roundish oval in shape, with a beautitul clear skin
and extremely shallow eyes, being one of the handsomest as
well as the heaviest croppers of any variety adapted for frame-
work, or for a first early crop outdoors. It is dry and mealy
when cooked, and the flavour and quality of theflesharesuperior
to nearly every other variety at present in use.
Messrs. J. & J. Elletson write as follows, Sept. 26,
1883: — "Mr. Usher. Gardener to C. H. Johnson, Esq.,
Thorgumbald Hall, planted Victor Potatos on January 26, and
placed a dish on his employer's table on March 8, from planting
to Uftlng being only SIX WEEKS."
Price, Is. per Pound.
CHARLES SHARPE k CO., SLEAFORD.
THURSDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 6535.)
CYPRIPEDIUM ROEBELENI, Rchb. f.
AERIDES SPECIES, &c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
December 6, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Mr. R. Pfau, a magnificent impor-
tation, in splendid specimens, of CYPRIPEDIUM ROEBELENI, Rchb. f., and AERIDES
SPECIES, variety with orange-yellow lip. Both have been collected in a new locality, and have
just arrived in very best condition. At the same Sale will be offered a few lots of the rare
ODONTOGLOSSUM KRAMERI and EPIDENDRUM PSEUD-EPIDENDRUM ; also
the following :-TRICHOPILIA LEPIDA and CRISPA, ODONTOGLOSSUM REICHEN-
HEIMII, L^VE,.EGERT0NIANUM; CYPRIPEDIUM CAUDATUM, PESCATOREA
CERINA, TRICHOCENTRUM PFAUII, SOBRALIA FENZLIANA, &c.
On view morning of Sale, ana Catalogues had.
i\ fjii-','. -
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
December i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
683
Beautiful Flowers for Gardens.
POTENTILLAS, PYRETHRUMS, DEL-
PHINIUMS. lovely hardy flowers tor Culling or Gardun
Bloom. N:imed, ^s. per dozen.
SPLENDID PHU)XKS. Pentstemons, Pinks, Pansies, in the
finf"-t v.irirtit-s, 3^. 6'^. iier dozen.
HARDY HERBALtOUS PLANTS, the most showy sorts.
35 per dii^en. 21J per iod.
CARNATIONS :iiid FlCoTEES, good exhibition soits, 6j.
per do/en plants. Fine Clove and Border belf varieties,
4'. per dozen — all from layers.
LILIES, canHidum. OranRe, and Tieer Lilies, 31. per dozen.
WM. CMBRAN ANi. SUN. Oldfield Nur^erv, Allrincham.
YATT'S KIDNEY POTATOS fcr SEED^
in I t^ from t K"\\ to 100 tons. Pnres post-tree.
H F. SMITH AND SONS, Potato Merch.ints. Selby, Yoilis.
AKDY ORCHIDS.— Twelve choice kinds,
including six fx'itic. wiili full Cultural Instructions, SJ.
STANSI'lKLLiS. S.ile.
A Double First-class Certificate has only been
avv.TTded to one Rose in existence— that one Rose, an
ENC.LISH SKEDLING, rai>ed at Bagshot, H P.
DUCHESS of CON NAUGHT (Noble). fine healthy
plants, 2.-. 6.1. each.
pHARLES NOBLE,
V_> Bagshot.
A large and important section of the Nursery {about 7 acres) is
being cleared on expiialion of lease. Rhododendron growers
should visit this Nursery, which is only ten minutes' walk from
bunningdale Station, Soulh-Western Railway.
E W CHRYSANTHEMUM,
"G. STEVENS"
First-class Certificate Roval Huriicultiiral Society, South
Kensii'Eton, November i^. 18S3 A ch.irmine reflcxed variety,
cumpacc blooms, tUt tlorets. crimsnu-chocol.-te, slightly in-
curve.) in centre, ^hovving the gold under-suif-ice ; quite distinct
from any other variety. A limited quantity to send out in
March next, at \s each, posi-fiee \s. -^d Cash with order.
See report in Journal of Horticulture ot November 15. Oiders
now bemt* boukcd, which will be sent nut in strict rotation.
Chrysanthemum Crt.TALOr.UES on application.
G. STEVfc.NS. l-.R.H S., St John'.-, Nur^eiy. Pumey. S W.
ELLEBORUS NIGER (Christmas Rose),
in unapproach.ib'e condition, 26.J. per loco plants ;
weaker plinth iS.^. per 1000.
CYCLAMEN LUKOh^LIS, 175. and -zis per icoo— for sale
during the whole of the winter.
EDELWEIS. Alpine Flower, very fine, 8o,j. per lo.oco, gr.
per icoo
EDKLWLIa bEED, genuine sound seed, loy per lo.coo.
Flowers and Seed i" ^tock.
CH. STEINPOCK. Nurservman. Alhlengbach. Lower Austria.
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best quality at a moderate price, as proved by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising imporiaiit novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMIIH and CO., Seed Merchants and
NurEer>men. Worcester.
Outdoor Flowers in Spring.
DAISIES, Red, While, Rose, <ic. ; POLY-
ANTHUS. Single PRlMhOSES in variety of colours,
WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS. t)d. per
dozen, 4s and 5^. per loo- PANSIES and VIOLAS
(colours se^,ata■e), ARABIS, AI YabUM. SILENE
COMPACTA, AU8RIETIAS, MYoSOTIS, ij. 6*/. per
dozen. 8i per 100 Or 500 assorted Spring floweiing Plants
for 17J. td. ; 1.00 for 3ii. td.
HEPAllCAS, HKicandKed, Double PRIMROSES, White,
Lilac, or Siili'hur, 3J dd. per dozen.
WM. CLIBKAN AND SON. Oldfreld Nursery. Altrincham.
To tlie Trade.
HUGH LOW AND CO.
ofTer :— [per ico.
ACACIA ARM ATA. well budded, extra fine, 751. and lo^j.
ADIANTUM CUNEaTUM, 75^, lojj., and 1505 per 100.
AZ.^I.Ea INDICA, ia variety, finely budded, ;^5, j^o, and
£,f lof per 100.
BOU VAKDi AS, in variety, bushy plants, in bud, ^5 per 100.
CAMELLIAS, well buodcd, 175J. and 2coi. per i<m.
COkVPHA AUSTRALlS, fine plants, ^5 10^7 xo5. per 100.
DEUrZiA GKaCILLS. fine tor putting lor lorcng, 23^. and
KRICA GRACILIS, in flower. 6oi. per 100. [30s. per ico.
ERICA GRACIL'S. extia strong, i5<. and i8j. per dczen.
ERICA r.f)LORANS, m flower ana bud. 9^. and isj per drz.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, extra fine, 150J. and 200J per
GENISTAS. C65. Z4. and icoj. per 100. [loa.
LATANIA BOKBONICA, well shaped sturdy plants, 150^.
SOLA^ UMS. btrned, 50s. and 751. per ico. [per ico.
PRIMULA, Double White Chmcse, in fljwer, 121. and i.%s. per
dozrn. Clapton Nursery. London, F.
THE COTSWOLD ROSES.— Magnificent
Staridard and Half-standard Roses, with straight clean
stems, and good heads, 155. and i8j. per dozen, \i.os. and
1311^ per 100.
J NO. JEFFERIES and SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.
ASPARAGUS for Forcing.— Strong crowns,
which will produce a quantity of capital heads, -zs. per
do;en i2j (3d. per 100,
SEAKALE. famous forcing roots, 21, dd. per dozen, xds. per 100.
RICHARD SMITH and CO , Worcester.
To ^lip Tmdfi
NEW EARLY RHUKAKB. KEHaHAWS PARAGON.
WILLIAM KERSHAW has pleasure in
again offering this splendid new vaiiety, in extra strong
roots, such as g-.ve gt^ner^l satisfaction to the miny leading
London and Provmci^i Houses, who obtained supplies from him
last autumn. Price, gj perdczen, 65J. per 100.
Airedale Nursery, Bingley Yorkshire.
Tea Roses -Tea Roses.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of TVa and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
Ihe MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston. Liverpool.
Special Culture of
FRUIT TREES and RUSES.— A large and
select slock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOGUE r-f Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The De^c ip'ive CATALOGUE of Ruses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridg*-
worth, Herts.
AQUILEGIA GLANDULOSA
-t^ (G R I GOR'S. cuarantced true).
Twelve Plants of this beauitful Columbine, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kinedom, at 6j. per
dozen. Cash with nider.
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries, Forres, N.B.
ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries, at Angers,
F'ancf, the largest and richest in Europe in Lc Hrc-
tionsof FKUir and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUHS,
CAMELLIAS. ROSES. SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT
TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sint on application. Freight
from Angers to London, vid Hiifleur, about is. (yd. per 100 lb.
Mtdal o1 Honour at the Universal Exhibuion at Paris in 1&78.
Ordcrsmusi beat'drcssed 10 Messrs. WATSON and SCULL,
90, Lower Th.uiies Street, London, E.C.
THE NURSERIES, DUMFRIES.
(Established 1787.)
Our Stock, which is one of the largest in Fcntland, cmn-
pri^es FOREST, FRUIT, and ORNAMENTAL TREES.
DECIDUOUS and KVERGKEEN SHRUBS, ROSES.
GRKENHdUSK PLANTS, &c. ; also .-> splendid Slrck of
THORN QUICKS, for Hedging and for Filling up Gaps.
T he Trets and Shrubs are of all ages and sizes, and are well
adapted for e.\tcnsive Planting or giving immediate effect in
the formation and improving of Ornamental Parks, Pleasure
Grounds, &c. Prices on application.
THOMAS KENNEDY and CO., Seed and Nursery
Establishment, Dumfries.
DWARF ROSES, splendidly rooted, the
best sorts, ts. per dozen, Irom ground : fifty for 2is.
TEA ROSES in pots, i^s. per dozen, fifty for sor.
FINE CLliMBING PLANTS. Hardy, for Walls, Trellises,
Arbouts. Knckeries. S:f.. in twelve varieties. 6s. and gj.
FINK HARDY Ht ATHi and other Dwarf American Plants,
in variety. 4J. and 6j per dozen.
PRETTY DWAKK SHRUBS of v.arious kinds, for Pots,
Boxes, Winter Bedding. &c., in variety. 4r. and 6j per doz.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. flldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
SPRUCE, 6 to 12 inches, transplanted;
SPRUCE, 12 to 18 inches, transplanted ; BIRCH,
Common, 3 feet, transplanted ; ASH, 6 feet, transplanted ;
AbH, 10 leet, transplanted. Large quantity of the above,
which must be cleared off at once. Samples and prices on
application. .SPRUCE for Chi istmas Trees— all szes.
W. G. HDLMES, The Nurseries, Tain. Ross shire.
OR Sale, good Plants of MUSA CAVEN-
DISHII. 3 fret high. For price apply at the
Clapham Koad Nursery. S.W.
White Flowers —White Flowers.
WHITE CLOVE PINK, Mrs. Sinkins,
extra extra strong, i8 months old. for 32's and 24. 's pots,
6s,, gs., and 12,1. per dozen. 40s. and 505. per 100.
\V. WEALE, Taplow. Bucks.
Lilies of the Valley- a Speciality.
TJANNOCH, the Lily Nursery, Dersingham,
• Norfolk, begs to inform his Customers and the Trade
generally ihat arrangements are now being made for a regular
supply of the above from now till June. '1 hey can either be
sent as Cut Blooms, or with their Roots for making up pots, &c.
Prices on applicati m. 700^ B.ooms can be cut weekly.
ASPARAGUS.— A large Stock for Forcing
and Planting. — Extra strong 3-yr. Giant ; do. do. 3-yr.
Connovers' Colossal, from imported seed ; 2-yr do do. do. No
charge for packi"g. Samples and > rice on application.
E. QUINCLY (late Christmas Quincey), Fulney, Spalding.
ROSES (20 acres). —Well-rooted, many
shooted. iruly named, of matured vigorous growth, and
of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, Ss. per
dozen, 60s. per 103 ; packing and carnage free for cash with
order. Standards, 15J. per dozen, or 100 free for 120s. These
world-'amed Ro^es cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction.
Descripiive LIS T free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
F
HERBACEOUS, ALPINE, and ROCK
PLANTS.
Collections of iQo choice varieties .. ^cs.
II 50 ,1 ., •■ i?^- ^<^-
II 25 ,, I) .. loJ* dd.
Packing free and extra plants sent to compensate for carnage.
R. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston,
Birmingham.
Kent. The Garden of England.
300 coo FRUIT TREES in 600 varieties.
GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.
beg to intimate that their stock was never finer, and
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them-
selves. The New Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE ot
Fruits for 3 stamps. Reference LIS T free.
The Kent Roses do Live.
Kxtra well-rooted stuff, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maiostone.— Established 1796.
CATALOGUE of FERNS, illustrated and
descriptive, with Cultural Notes. Three stamps.
CATAL(.)GUE of ALPINE PLANTS, illustrated and de-
scriptive. Free on application.
LlaT of HARDY ORCHIDS, with fuU cultural instruc-
tions. Free on application.
Ihe following expression of opinion is from one of the highest
authorities in the land on the subject of Ferns :— " * * • I have
gone very carefully through your li-.t. and, without compliment-
ing you, it is by far the best nurseryman's list of British Ferns
out. ' „ ,
F. W. AND H. STANSFIELD, Nurserymen, Sale, near
Manchester.
A Gay Conservatory.
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, 4s. and 6j-. per
dozen, according to size.
HERBACEOUS CALCEOLARIAS, is. 6d. per dozen, from
stores.
CYCLAMEN, BOUVARDIAS. TREE CARNATIONS,
DEUTZIA GRACILIS, in pots ftjr early blooming, 6j.,
Qj., and I2J'. per do^en Three at same rates.
Fine clumps SPiR^A JAPONICA, DIELYTRA SPECTA-
BILIS, 5^- per doz^n.
AZALEAS, Ghent, mollis Pontica, or indica, all with buds, for
Forcing, iSs., 245., and 301. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham,
THE
SATURDAY, DECEMBER i, 1883.
TREE PLANTING.
Dotting and Grouping.
IN addition to the inistakes in planting already
adverted to at p. 617, there are not a few
others almost equally glaring and mischievous.
One of the most common of these consists in the
almost universal dotting of single trees at
regular or irregular distances all over the
demesne. This system of planting, doubtless,
originated in the desire to make every tree a
perfect specimen of its kind. This is so desir-
able that, in large places especially, space ought
to be provided in the park or pleasure ground
for the development of perfect specimens.
Such spaces should be treated as pinetums or
arboretums— in other words, places for the per-
fect culture and free growth of single trees.
But where trees are planted for shelter, profit,
or the formation of landscapes, the dotting sys-
tem should give place to the grouping. How-
ever skilfully planted, it is well-nigh impossible
to force an assemblage of single specimen trees
into an efiicient shelter. The winds could hardly
fail to sweep round their outlines, and form
eddying and flowing currents that would find
their way through such imperfect barriers.
Again, in planting for profit, the perfection of
individual specimens must give place to the
timber value of aggregated masses. While steer-
ing clear of overcrowding, as at once unsightly
and unprofitable, yet the massing together of
trees hastens their growth and improves the
quality of their timber. Every one of the
slightest e.Kperience in the growth of timber for
profit will admit that it is grown faster and of
finer quality in masses or groups than in iso-
lated trees. In the former each tree fosters, and
is fostered by, its neighbour ; whereas in the
latter each stands alone, exposed to every wind
that blows, and subjected to a far lower tempe-
rature than those in masses.
Groups and masses of trees and shrubs have
been so generally planted to shelter other
things— such, for e.xample, as the dwelling-
house, garden, or orchard— that their fostering
influence on the trees or plants that compose
them has been too frequently overlooked.
Measured, however, by the superior growth of
the individual trees in such groups, as well as
by direct experiments on their superior tempe-
rature, the results are equally striking. But
the strongest objection to the dotting system
consists in the obvious impossibility of forming
a landscipe by such means. Neither the genius
of a Loudon, a Price, a Nesfield, nor a
Marnock could form a lovely landscape by
such means. No matter what trees might be
used, the formality and regularity of dotting
them about singly at regular distances would
rob the sky and ground lines alike of all easy
grace or flowing beauty. To take an extreme
example, what landscape gardener could make
anything in the way of landscape out of fifty
Scotch Firs planted at, say, 30 feet apart ? But
group the same number of trees on a kind of
rising ground, and a striking feature of a noble
landscape might at once be formed of the self-
same materials. And it is exactly the same
with all trees whether deciduous or evergreen.
684
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December i,
Less trees have been more effective in land-
scapes, to take another example — the Araucaria
imbricata. Doubtless this is partly owing to
its peculiar structure and outline. But the tree
has been robbed of any merit it may possess
for the formation of landscape by being dotted
or avenued out of all its artistic merit . Groups of
these of considerable size, planted so closely as
to allow interlacing of their branches, and then
growing up into a mass, would furnish a new
feature in not a few landscapes which are now
more or less marred and spoiled by the isolated
character and repellent habit of Araucarias
dotted all over it. Thus treated the trees
are in the landscape, but not of it,
and never can add a single factor to its enrich-
ment, or better or more distinct furnishing.
These two examples are chosen, not because
they have any special merit as landscape trees,
but rather because they are familiar to most
readers. The same rule applies to all trees and
shrubs. For the formation of effective land-
scapes the groups should, as much as possible,
be composed of one species or variety of trees.
Sufficient mass of one colour or form to fill the
eye at one time may be said to be essential
to the formation or enjoyment of the most
pleasing landscapes. Where the form and
colour are ever changing there can be no rest
or repose, and consequently no artistic satis-
faction, nor real pleasure. Most landscapes of
moderate size are more or less marred or ruined
by variety ; there is too much and too many
sorts crowded in. Not a few of them resemble
a picture — all colour ; they have neither shade
nor repose in them. Half-a-dozen or so of
groups, each formed ^of but one variety, would,
be^far more effective than the twenty, thirty, fifty
or a hundred separate and distinct trees or
shrubs. These not seldom remind one far more
of a raree show than of a well-furnished, satis-
fying landscape.
e*
ZYGOPETALUM BURKEI, ?,. sp*
A VERY interesting plant, discovered by Sir Robert
Schomburgk more than forty years ago in Demerara,
as is proved by the itinerary records of this traveller
kept at the British Museum. Specimens, however,
appear to have been lost altogether, provided they are
not mislaid and come one day to light. It is well
known that a great part of Sir R. Schomburgk's
treasures was lost en route. Lately the plant has
appeared with Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, having been
rediscovered by Mr. Burke, a well-doing traveller,
as I learn from Mr. Harry Veitch, who requested
that the plant might bear the name of its collector.
These first flowers are only two-thirds the size of
what they will become later. Sepals and petals of
finest darkest blackish-purple inside, with green
signatures, partly linear, partly hieroglyphical, quite
green outside. Lip white. The callus on the base,
however, has thirteen purple ribs, which makes a very
pretty effect.
The column is of light whitish-green, with numer-
ous dark purple longitudinal lines in front, but with
no hairs at all.
The linear auriculae to the column, the very thick
leaves, and the nearly tetragonous shining bulb, ex-
ceeding 2 inches in length, are very peculiar. H, G.
Rchb. f.
CYPRirEDIUM RoBBELENII, ». sp.
It is a great surprise to receive what appears a
neighbour and rival species to Cyptipedium philip-
pinense, Rchb. f., BonpL, x., 1862, p. 335, better
known in the horticultural circles under the name of
Cypripediuni Isevigatum, Bat., and which was very
• Zy^opetahini Bnrkei. n. sp. — Pseudobulbo tetragono costis
obscuris solitariis later angulos, triphyllis ; foliis pergameneo-
coriaceis ; pedunculo plurifloro (ad 5) ; sepalis subbilabiatis,
lateralibus defiexis. margine interno supra involutis ; tepalis
subaequalibus ; labello breve unguiculato, ante unguem utrinque
auriculato, dein ligulato antice dilatato obtusato : callo inter
auriculas 13 jugo ; columna utrinque apice lineari auriculata. —
Demerara, Robert Schomburgk, Burke ! (Viv. mis. cl. Veitch.)
H. G. Rihb.f.
accurately represented in Sir William Hooker's
Botanical Magazine by Mr. Walter Fitch.
The fresh plant (species or very aberrant variety —
we know not which) is an epicurean creature, since it
lives only on the borders of the finest limpid rivulets,
drinking in idyllic peace, by the aid of its long roots,
the murmuring water ! There it was seen without the
usual companion of Cypripedium philippinense, Vanda
linochiloides (Bateman) by Herr Robbelen, the Swiss
collector, who first visited the Philippine Islands for
Mr. F, Sander.
My poor materials consist of three single dried
flowers, sent in a letter to Herr Consul Kienast Zolly,
of Zuric, who kindly sent them to me. I recommend
heartily to Herr Robbelen the method of drying
specimens practised, after Mr. F. Sander's instruc-
tions and orders, by Mr. Forstermann. Then Mr.
Pfau, of Chiswick, sent me two fresh leaves ; and
last, not least, a fresh peduncle, with a freshly
expanded flower, no doubt developed in the case,
bent like a shoot of an Asparagus grown in a glass
bottle. The marks on which I rely in adopting
Herr Robbelen's view about the distinction are the
following : — The leaves are narrower. The peduncle
is more hairy. The upper sepal is narrow, with nearly
equal transverse diameters, whitish, with five long
and three very short dark purple nerval lines. The
under sepal is purplish-white, with some microscopic
purple spots on the base and longer than the cal-
ceolar lip. The hooded staminode has a small
apiculus between its two anterior teeth.
The stigmatic body has a long apiculus, bent up-
wards as the trunk of an elephant is sometimes.
To these remarks I may add, that the lip is light
yellow, and the staminode is light ochre without the
least vestige of those longitudinal and transverse green
markings which look so charming in Cypripedium
philippinense. Colours are, however, much subject
to variation, and it would be dangerous to speak
positively about those which must have been developed
in a most probably dark case.
Will all these marks keep constant ? No one can
stand for them altogether. Quivivraverra. It would,
however, be very surprising, if the majority of the marks
do not prove constant, as we cannot expect the plant
to be a summary of all possible aberrations, as old
veterinary books used to show a horse suffering from
all diseases and shortcomings at once. H. G. Rchb. f.
THE PEACH WALL AT DITTON
PARK.
We have occasionally made reference to the excel-
lence of the culture of stone fruits on open walls
as practised at Ditton Park, Slough, by a veteran
gardener, Mr. Lindsay, and something in accord
with the spirit of the old proverb about the proof
of the pudding, &c., now present on an illustration
of a portion of the Peach wall in these gardens
(fig. 120), taken at the end of August by Messrs.
Runnicle Brothers, photographers, of Eton, whilst
the trees were laden with fruit. Unfortunately,
owing to the strong reflective power of the luxuriant
glossy leafage as compared with that of the fruit, the
latter does not stand out so clearly as could be
desired ; but our readers may accept our assurance
that every tree in the gardens, whether Peach or
Nectarine — and there are many such as are repre-
sented— were fully laden with very fine fruits, such as
would have done credit to any garden in the kingdom.
The three trees seen in the picture speak for them-
selves, and better display the grand way in which the
wall is covered than would one having a far longer
perspective. These three trees cover a length of
exactly 56 feet of wall, the which is clear 10 feet in
height, and in point of health, vigour, and fruitfulness
could not be excelled. The one in the foreground is
an Elruge Nectarine nine years planted ; the second
is a Noblesse Peach, and the third Walburton Admir-
able Peach. On the wall immediately to the left of
the part shown in the picture is a Lord Palmerston
Peach, five years planted, that carried nearly twelve
dozen of grand fruits, and next year will quite cover
its allotted space of wall. Belle Bosc, Violette Hative,
and Barrington, are also huge trees, covering the wall
completely and fruiting well.
It is one of the most conclusive proofs of the excel-
lence of Mr. Lindsay's culture and general treatment
of his trees that he seldom misses a crop ; indeed, last
year, when Peaches were generally thin, he had a
heavier crop than this year, though the past season
has been most productive. Though the illustration
represents a portion of the outer garden wall, yet
there are some noble trees within the garden, and
notably a W.alburton Admirable, 7 yards in length,
that covers the wall from top to bottom. The old
Buckingham Mignonne is represented by a fine tree,
18 feet by 10 feet high, and though said to be the
same as the Barrington, is here found to be earlier.
It carried a grand crop. A Lord Palmerston, now
10 feet by 9 feet high, transplanted in the spring,
carried, in spite of its removal, a splendid lot of fruit.
The earliest kind grown is Early Louise, which does
well ; and the latest is the Salway, the which, a fine
tree, keeps its fruits well into November, and ripens
as well as the Salway ever does outdoors. Whilst the
not uninteresting matter of size of flower may present
itself to some readers' minds, it is a fact that at
Ditton little heed is paid to that subject, but that
kinds are grown that exhibit comparative hardiness
Perhaps it is because gardeners have not sufficiently
considered that important feature in outdoor Peache
that so many failures have resulted. In any case goo
drainage and culture are more relied upon here for the
production of good crops of fruit than spring cover-
ings, of which but little is used. In natural advan-
tages we do not see that Ditton possesses any beyond
what are found in most southern gardens.
TRUFFLES.
I AM sorry to find that English "Truffle-hunters
and their dogs " are described in last week's Gar-
deners' Chronicle as " alike extinct, " and that, so far
at least as England is concerned, " the art of gather-
ing " these savoury tubers must be classed among
"forgotten or forsaken industries." Nor, although
M. Chatin is still hopeful, does any real progress
appear to have been made in their scientific cultiva-
tion. Yet it is not for want of trying. Half a
century ago Loudon devoted an entire number of the
Gardeners* Magazine (then published only on alter-
nate months) to this unctuous subject ; but the article
bred no Truffles. Some twenty years later Mr. Disney
and Dr. Lindley took the matter up, and with no
better success. But now that the parasitic habits of
this redoubtable fungus are better understood we
may cease to wonder at the failure of all attempts to
cultivate it away from its natural haunts ; nay, we
might as well expect to find forced Rafflesias in
Covent Garden Market as baskets of the black
Truffles of Perigord artificially produced. But are
all the species equally intractable? Can nothing
be done with the white Truflle of Piedmont,
about which your correspondent " Dodman " (the
late Mr. Bellenden Kerr, of whom more anon)
used to discourse so pleasantly in your columns ? I
am not aware that it exclusively affects the woods.
Then there is the African Truflle (Terfezia), which is
plentiful in the neighbourhood of Mogadore, and
which Mr. Berkeley says — and from his verdict there
is no appeal — is even better than the white ! Again,
Mr. and Lady Anne Blunt met with what they describe
as a Truflle, though evidently not hypogeous, and
which is so abundant in certain parts of Mesopotamia
that the Arabs identify it with the manna on which
the Israelites subsisted in the wilderness ! {Bedouin
Tribes of the Euphrates : London, 1879.) As the
" feathered fowls" (erroneously rendered " quails " in
the A. V.) which the heavens " rained as the sand of
the sea " (Psalm Ixxxviii, v. 28) were most probably,
red geese, we must not be surprised to hear some day
that the chosen people feasted uponj^iV gras! This,
however, by the way.
And now with your permission, I will rehearse the
story of a Truffle hunt, of which I happened to be
chief promoter, and which your own most interesting
article has vividly recalled to my recollection. Pos-
sibly it may suggest some new ideas. Nor is it im-
probable that among your numerous readers there
maybe some who formed a part of "the field "on
this notable occasion ; if so, I am sure they will thank
me for reviving the memory of a very pleasant day
spent (towards the end of February, 1S69) in the
" Department " of " Les Alpes Maritimes." We, i.e.,
myself and family, had established ourselves for
the winter at the Hotel Bellevue, Cannes, where
the frequent appearance of Truffles, very fresh
and very good, naturally suggested the proximity
of a Truffle country. Then why not have a
day's hunting ? This, however, was not the
easy matter I supposed, for the Oak coppices where
the Truffles grew were as zealously watched as a Crau-
Decembek I, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
685
berry swamp in DelaiT.ere Forest, or a habitat of
Vanda Sanderiana in the recesses of the Philippines.
Still the thing had to be done. I therefore went, as
all who were in any difficulty usually did, to Mr.
Bellenden Kerr, and the oracle was propitious. Mr.
Kerr immediately scribbled a note of introduction to
M. Prosper Merimee, whose estates in the neighbour-
hood of St. Vallier were known to be redolent of
Truffles. So off I went to the great man. Unfortu-
nately I knew nothing of two middle-aged English
dames who out of sheer Platonic admiration of M.
Merimee's genius had attached themselves to his
household. Conceive, then, my astonishment when
on being shown into the drawing-room there entered
to me a lady, plainly though neatly attired, who
replied in most unimpeachable English to my saluta-
Here, however, was something to go to work
upon, and as the Truffle season was nearly
over I set about my preparations at once.
Having made up a party of agreeable people
— ladies and gentlemen in equal proportion — I be-
spoke the services of two professional hunters, and
ordered luncheon at the chief hostelry in St. Vallier.
(This is a little town about 12 miles from the coast.
It is mentioned in The Hundred Days as the place
where Bonaparte slept the second night after his return
from Elba ; or, as the Monileur expressed it, after
"The monster had landed at Antibes ! ") At ten
o'clock on the day appointed we rendezvoused i\. Grasse
— just halfway if you reckon by distance, but since
from this point the ascent is continuous it was past
twelve when we reached St. Vallier. Here the pro-
the treasure lay. This was perfectly fair. Of any
trickery — such as I fear was form«rly not uncom-
mon in England when grandees were expected — I
quite acquit them. At all events, in the excavation^
which I " personally superintended " the ground had
evidently not been meddled with. But I anticipate.
As to the Truffle-flies that I supposed had been pre-
viously disturbed, we certainly found " the creatures
at their dirty work again," and but for our unwel-
come intervention the tubers which we carried home
would no doubt have been converted into egg-chcsis
before nightfall. The flies themselves were far fro-u
numerous, and when surprised rose rapidly on the
wing. Only one was captured, and this fell to the
lot of Lord Henry Scott, who, I hope, has taken
every care of his unsavoury prize. (N.B. The insect,
Fig. 120.— the peach wall at ditton park, slough, (see p. 684.)
tion in very indifferent French ! " M. Merimee," she
said, " would soon appear, and meanwhile would I
take a chair. " We chatted pleasantly enough for some
time, but who could the lady be ? I was still specu-
lating and theorising when the door opened, and in
walked M. Merimee. The renowned Senator (of the
Second Empire) was exceedingly att'able, and when he
knew the object of my visit entered heartily into the
idea. He would write to his people at once, and
when their answer came he would immediately let
me know ; and he was as good as his word. A few
days later I received one of his quaint, cynical notes
— alas ! I did not preserve it — in which, after telling
me with the utmost geographical precision where the
Truffle region lay, he concluded with the not very
encouraging assurance that if his instructions were
carefully observed, "Mr, Bateman might perhaps
see a Truflle-fly, and possibly find a Truftie I "
fessionals met us — well-built fellows in sombre suits
of olive-brown cloth, and with leathern pouches at
their sides. They were armed with a kind of diminu-
tive battle-axe, a combination of mattock and pick-
axe, wherewith they could scoop out the soil or force
out the stones. Of dogs or pigs they had none, relying
entirely on the quick scent of the flies to find the tubers,
and on their own sharp eyesight to find the flies. We
started immediately for the happy hunting ground — a
sort of wilderness mainly composed of irregular patches
of dwarf Oak coppice intersected in all directions by
tracks or bare open spaces. These for the most part
were plentifully sprinkled with small stones (not gravel)
of the same reddish hue as the soil. It was in such
places that the Truffles grew. We had not long to
wait for " a find." Indeed, I suspect that the men had
beaten the coverts betimes in the morning and marked
the spots where flies were flushed, for there of course
so far as I remember it, was of a rufous tint, and about
the third of an inch long ; of course it was a female
as the other sex has no eggs to deposit.) We did not
make a large bag— the Truffle season, as I have
already remarked, being nearly over. What we
found lay at a depth of from 18 inches to a foot
below the surface. After the tubers were reached we
allowed the ladies to detach them, on the principle
that consigns Major Reynard's brush to any fair
equestrian who may happen to be in at the death. As
it was now i o'clock we had to think of luncheon,
which was ordered for that hour. Here — whatever
might be the case in the coppice — there was no scarcity
of the kind of game we had come to seek. There
were piles of the blackest of tubers in the whitest of
napkins. According to the Dietiu they were prepared
" a court-bouillon " — that is, they had been simply
and sharply boiled. I was reminded of them the
686
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December i, i8
other day by a passage in Lolhair, where we are
introduced to an open-air luncheon presided over by
Madame Phcebus, who has at her side " ihe chief
patron of Etitish art." The lady'a remark that a
luncheon of this kind was "rather j'jUy " elicited
from her neighbour the more rapturous exclamation
that it was "a perfect romance''! To which the
hostess rejoined — •
" 'With a due admixture of reality,' helping him, at
the same time, to an enormous Trurtle, which she ex-
tracted from its napkin. 'You know," she said, 'you
must eat it with butter.' " Lolhair, p. 183, new edition
in I vol., 1870.
This, of course, is exactly what we did, and very good
the Ttullks were. The next best thing was a leg of
wild boar, which — though often hard and tough on
English tables — was perfectly tender. We owed the
success of the luncheon to a Grasse cook, especially im-
ported for the occasion, who had a wonderful notion of
the dignity of his art ; so much so that no sooner had
he sent up the last plal than he took up his station at
the door of the salle-a- manner in order to be ready to
receive the congratulations of the guests, all of whom
■ — Ills Grace of Euccleugh included — he shook cordi-
ally by the hand in quite a patronising way. This
solemn function over we re-entered our voitures and
reached Cannes just before sunset. J. B,, 9, Hyde
Park Gate South, S.IV., Nov, 26.
P.S. — Knowing that my daughter (now Mrs. Ulick
Eurke), who was present at the hunting of Tuber
7nelanogaster^ had — more fortunate than her parent—
aho assisted on a similar occasion when our English
T. icstivns was the quarry, I wrote to ask for a few
particulars, and I have now her letter before me.
She tells me that at a certain place in Dorsetshire,
where the hunt took place, the work was done by
*' a little broken-haired black and white terrier which
scratched for the Truffle, and when found, brought it
in his mouth to the keeper as tenderly as a retriever
would a bird. He was rewarded by a bit of bread, or
in case the TrufHe was worm-eaten or otherwise
spoiled, it was given him. The Truffles are always
found under Beech trees, and the hunting goes on every
autumn as a regular thing. The keeper has a special
preserve near the house, which he only hunts when
Truffles are wanted in a hurry for the kitchen. Truiifle
dogs are a special breed, very expensive, and very
difficult to train."
I read with much interest, and some surprise,
your article on Tru flies in last week's Gardeners'
Chronicle. The writer says, "Truffle-hunters and
their dogs are alike extinct " I I can only suppose he
has never been in Hants, Wilts, or Dorset at this
lime of year, or made any inquiries in either of
those counties. I do not think that the old "Truffle
man " who passes my door about once a fortnight
during the season, considers himself or his clever little
dogs by|any means extinct. Truffle-hunting is not yet a
forgotten industry in these parts, whatever it may be
elsewhere; and an old custom, or kind of royalty,
which was formerly observed very generally, is still care-
fully maintained on some manors, viz., that the Truflle-
hunter must first bring all he finds to the owner of the
soil, who has the right to keep as much as he likes at
a fixed price per pound. Two acquaintances of mine,
one in this county and one in Hants, keep up this
custom, and consequently they are generally well
supplied with English Truffles at a low price, as I
know from experience. That this Mushroom is some-
limes found in queer places, and not immediately
under Beech trees, is certain ; and as an instance I
might mention that only last autumn I saw two little
dogs " mark " some Truffles in a hard footpath by the
tide of the high road, some 200 yards from where I
am sitting, and hardly out of the town ; and a second
lot were "marked" and dugout of a bank on the
other side of the road a few minutes af[erwards. In
this bank there are no trees of more than twenty years'
growth, I should think, and they are chiefly Elm.
Some Beech trees, however, are growing on the other
side of a high wall which bounds the footpath in
question, and their roots may possibly run under the
path, but could not cross the road at that point.
H, H., Wilts.
In reference to the Interesting article on Truflles
at p. 660, I may say that the Truffles of the Conti-
nental markets are not the same with English Truffles.
The Tiuflle usually consumed here is an inferior
one, named Tuber sestivum. The Truffle of French
markets is T. melanosporum, of Italian markets the
Garlic-scented Tuber magnatum. Neither of the two
last are British. Travellers on the Continent who eat
Strasbourg pie and stuffed turkeys, say how superior
the French and Italians cooks are to the English, but
the fact is that the former cooks are able to use
Truflles of a superior class whilst we here are obliged
to be content with a hard, disagreeable-tasting, indi-
gestible and inferior species. \V. G. S.
POTATO CULTURE.*
The Potato has offered to those writers who are
afflicted with the cacoethcs scrihendl a prolific sub-
ject^ for the making of books ; and the one under
notice is, perhaps, the latest, and certainly not one of
the best. So much has been written from time to
time concerning the Potato, in our columns and in
those of our gardening contemporaries, that it is diffi-
cult to find anything new to be said ; and certainly
the author gives us nothing fresh, except it is here
and there to express some absurdities that may mis-
lead, but cannot instruct. Really, so much is known
about Potato culture, and so well, as a rule, is that
esculent grown, that in a cultural sense little is left to
be said that is new or useful. Putting aside the
disease, our most truculent enemy, it is doubtful
whether we ever raised better crops of Potatos than
we do now ; and were there no disease, or were it at
least as tolerant as it has proved to be this year, we
should soon find the Potato to be such a prolific
cropper as to make us presently cry — -"Hold,
enough ! " Let it be known that our wondrous crops
now arise less from improved methods of culture — ■
for, after all, generally, these have changed but little
— but rather from the introduction of new kinds, that
whilst giving some immunity from the disease, have
been wondrously instrumental, through their great
cropping qualities, in adding to the Potato produce
of the kingdom.
Our author, in his preface, urges the value and
interest which attaches to the raising of new kinds
from seed, and yet in almost the same breath terms
those selfish who purchase collections to grow them.
We should like to learn how good new kinds are to
be made useful widely, and to be generally cultivated,
if they are not put into commerce and purchased.
Amateur book writers, however, are not always
logical. Raising new kinds from seed is held by
the author to be of such importance that he devotes
the opening chapters of his book to this subject and
very early supplies the novel information that the
flowers of the Potato plant never becomes fully
developed here — a statement that may possess some
modicum of truth as far ar particular kinds are con-
cerned, but is not correct as far as concerns very
many others ; thus showing that the defect is not so
much of climatic production as the result of breed-
ing, or other cause ■ — as for instance, those famous
kinds, Woodstock Kidney and International, both
from the same seed-ball ; and yet, whilst the first
will produce bloom and fertile seed in vast quantities,
the other seldom sets its blooms. We may, there-
fore, dismiss the idea that climate has anything to do
with the natural non-setting of bloom on some kinds.
Very much stress is laid upon the necessity of planting
kinds intended to be operated upon at intervals, so as
to ensure in some such way simultaneous blooming ;
but that can hardly be needful, as a breadth of any
kind of Potato will furnish bloom over a month at
least, and thus give ample time for cross-breeding.
The assumption that it is needful to assist Nature to
produce mature seed by removing the root-tubers
from the plant naturally provokes a smile, inasmuch
as carrying one, or at the most two seed-balls, needs
but little additional aid, and will be in no way
aftected by the carrying of a crop of tubers.
Most elaborate directions are given as to the sowing
Potato seed, the soil to be used, pricking out, potting,
and final planting out, that seem singularly overdone
because so needless. Potato seed may be sown in a
pan of any fair soil, will germinate in the spring
under glass without heat, the seedlings may be
potted up singly, or may be pricked out into other
pans thinly, and from these be in May transferred
into ordinary garden soil, where with ordinary culture
large crops of tubers will be produced the first year,
and all without the least fuss or bother. Nothing new is
said about soils, trenching, manuring, planting, &c., but
we are told that the thinning out of the top growth is
* Potato Culttin. By an Old Exhibitor. (Cassell & Co.)
desirable. That may be so, but would be a costly
work if performed over a large area ; and under any
circumstances is not quite the best method of proceed-
ing. Prevention is belter than cure, and if any kind
is in the habit of throwing up too many shoots or
shaws the best plan is to remove the superfluous eyes
before planting ; in fact, all who grow Potatos for
exhibition adopt that plan. 'Tis true the author
affords such information later on, and thus renders
his preceding heading superfluous.
A chapter devoted to the Potato disease is but a
rehash of old notions and scientific opinions jumbled
together, and seems to be written on the assumption
that cultivators are generally careless, reckless people,
who care nothing for their seed tubers, plant in the
worst possible situations, and generally do everything
they should leave undone. The author does not give
his name or habitat, and therefore when he writes
about his system of culture and methods of producing
crops for market early worth £^^0 per acre, he
raises up an imaginary El Dorado, the which
readers naturally desire to find in substance. That
splendid result is based upon an average crop of 141b.
to the square yard, and reckoned as worth 2s, That
one simple calculation is pretty good evidence of the
unpractical nature of the information contained in
the book.
CHRISTMAS ROSES.
We are now in a position to give an excellent illus-
tration of Helleborus niger var. altifolius, Hayne,
concerning which much discussion has taken place.
Our figure {fig. 126, p. 693) is taken from a specimen
furnished us by Mr. Brockbank. To a large extent
the illustration speaks for itself, but we may add that
the expanded flowers, which Mr. Worthington Smith
has so well represented, were of a creamy-white
colour, in some cases flushed with a shade of rose, as
is so common in these plants, and that the flowers sent
by Mr. Brockbank fully bore out the description given
by that gentleman,
Leaving Mr. Brockbank to tell his own story in the
subjoined letter, and also referring to his previous com-
munications (p. 527), we may here add a few historical
memoranda, which may be of interest to those of our
readers — and they must be very numerous — who have
an affection for Christmas Roses. No doubt the
varieties of Helleborus niger must have been familiar
to botanists and cultivators in past ages, but the first
positive mention of the particular form under the name
altifolius that we have been able to light upon is that
of Hayne, who, in the first volume of his Gctrcue
Darstelhing and Beschreibung der in der Arznei-
kunde Gcbraiichlichen Geiaachse^ &c., published in
1805, p. 7, gives descriptions and coloured figures of
two Hellebores, one of which he calls lielleborus
niger humilifolius, and of which he gives brief
descriptions in German and in Latin. The latter
runs thus: — "H. scapo sub bifloro subnudo foliis
pedatis longiore." We may leave this on one side for
the present, and turn to his var. iS, "H. niger alti-
folius, Hayne," which is, we suppose, the prototype
of our present plant, although the figure he gives is
poor indeed by comparison with that we now give.
Of this altifolius variety Hayne gives the following
diagnosis: — "H. scapo sub bifloro, subnudo foliis
pedatis breviore " {Hochblattrigc Schwarze Christ-
ivurz). From this it will be seen that he distinguishes
this variety in virtue of its flower-stalk or scape being
shorter than the leaves, whereas in the humilifolius
variety it is longer than the leaves. The localities
given are the Apennines, Tuscany, Austria, &c.
The figure shows the leaf-stalk and the flower-stalk
spotted with red, while there are no such spots in the
figure of humilifolius. The flowers of altifolius are
figured as white flashed with rose, about 3 inches
across, and with the flower-segments more pointed
than in humilifolius, in which latter the flower does
not exceed '2 inches in diameter. The leaf-segments
of altifolius are, as represented by Hayne, longer and
more coarsely and irregularly toothed than in his var.
and humilifolius.
Reichenbach, in his Fl. Germanitz^ tab. 112, No.
4727, p. 747 (1839), adopts Ilayne's altifolius as a
var. jS of H. niger. His figure shows the long leaf-
stalks and long sharply-toothed leaves — both leaf-
stalk and flower-stalk speckled. The flower is repre-
sented as white, while that of niger is flushed with
rose. Reichenbach gives as the locality where the
plant is to be found in Tyrol and Carinthla, and
adds, *'Habitu pariter ac punctatione petioli caulis
December i, 1S83.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
687
que inventorum in Carniolia lestimonio semper dis.
linguitur."
In the Kew hcrbtirium are nalive specimens of tliis
II. niger var. /3 allifolius, from Tyrol and Carinthia.
Purposely omitting more than incidental reference
to the ordinary type of llelleborus niger as rcprc-
ienled in the Botanical Mai;azine, t. S (17S6), and
which belongs to the humilifolius section, we may now
pass in review some of the older figures, which appear
to us to belong more or less closely to the allifolius
form.
Turner, in his LibcUus (153S), mentions Elleborus
niger, which is our Veratrum nigrum, but adds :^
" Creterum ego censeo illam herbani quam vulgus
Cantabrigiense vocat liearefote esse verum Elleborum
nigrum." Whether 11. viridis or II. fretidus is
meant is not clear; but it is more likely that one of
these is meant than the cultivated H. niger.
Matthiolus, in his Connitcntarics, published in 15S3,
gives a poor figure of " Elleborus niger " and of
" Elleborus niger alter." The former appears refer-
able to the allifolius type,
Gerard, in his Calalo;^iis (1596), mentions llelle-
borus niger verus, as well as others which need not be
cited. In the first edition of the Herbal {1597) the
same author gives a bad figure of Helleborus niger
verus, which, whatever it may be, is not our altifolius.
We have not consulted Johnson's edition of Gerard
(1633), but, according to Mr. Brockbank, the plant
there represented is what is now known as the H.
niger var. anguslifolius — a point upon which we can
at present express no opinion.
Clusius,inhis Rariorum Plantaruin Hisloria{\6oi),
p. 274, under the title "Elleborus niger legitimus,"
gives a reduced figure of a Hellebore, which, so far as
the relative proportion between leaf and flower goes,
was decidedly of the altifolius form. This is what he
says of it :—" Elleborus item niger legitimus albo
amploque simplicis rosse instar Sore, qui marcescens
purpurascit."
Clusius quotes Dodoens as mentioning a " Veratrum
aliud nigrum viridiflore quod Dodonaei secundum est,"
&c. ; and to this plant of Dodoens, which is the
Veratrum nigrum of Matthiolus, ed. 1558, p. 591,
and the llelleborus viridis of the moderns, he says :—
"Germania Christwutz quod ipsa bruraa circa Christi
natalem diem floras promere incipit." From this, as
well as other sources, we learn that the German name
is not Christmas Rose, but Christ's Root, and that the
name was applied to H. viridis ; and even now, accord-
ing to Ulrich's Worterbuch der Pflanzen immcii, the
term Christmas Rose is not used in Germany, though
"Winter Rose," and " Christblume," and " Boh-
mische Christwurz," with other names, are given to
Helleborus niger.
Turning to Dodoens' Pemptadcs (1616), (we have
not at hand the 0-;(;'a'i'w.Jofthisauthor,'i554), we find
the same figure as that of Clusius, just mentioned under
the title Veratrum nigrum I., his Veratrum nigrum
II., being llelleborus viridis. He says: — "Quod
autem inter haec genera primum (nigrum I. = alti-
folius) vulgo a Germanis Christwurz— videlicet quod
hieme clemente circa natalem Domini nostri Jesu
Christi diem floreat."
Tarkinson, in his Faradisus (1629), p. 344., has a
figure of llelleborus niger verus which is of the humi-
lifolius type. He speaks of it as Christmas flower.
Bauhin in his rina.x (1651) apparently mixes up II.
niger and fcetidus, but says of niger :^" Flore roseo-
flos purpureo-candidus sic flos initio albidus dein pur-
purascens postremo virens et qui albo flore marces-
cens purpurascit ; flos albescit cum aliqua diluta
rubedine."
Besler, in his magnificent folio, Hortits Eystetlensis,
1613— a book whose fine illustrations lose somewhat
of their usefulness from defective indexing and num-
bering— gives under his section " Plantce hyemales"a
really fine figure of the altifolius type under the name
Helleborus niger legitimus. In leaf and flower this
is an excellent figure of allifolius as we now know
it. We quote a portion of what he says concerning
it :—" Helleborus niger legitimus Stiriacus aliis et
Veratrum nigrum piimum Remberti Dodonaei scu
Elleboiine nigrum Petri Andreae Matthioli herbaceo
viridique colore in foliis floribus albis purpurascenli-
bus, staminahabet pallescentia. . . Germanice, Christ-
wurz, Schwarze Niczwurz," &c. This latter name
is also used in modern German, as Niesswurz (Sneeze-
wort !).
Chabra:us, in his Slirpiuin Icones (1666), has a
woodcut of one of the humilifolius set as Helleborus
niger flore albo ac interdum etiam valde rubente.
His " H. niger vulgaris flore viridi vel herbaceo"
is our II. viridis. The following verses cited by him
are of medical interest : —
" llelleborus ait gcminas species testatur habere
Album quod sursum purgat, nigrumque dcorsum,
Vim siccani calidanique tenet ct tertlis illis
ICstcnini in utroque gradus nigro violontius a]butii,"&c.
Coming now to Jacquin's Flora Aitstrlaca^ vol. iii.
(>775). we find a figure of llelleborus niger, which,
so far as the relative length of leaf-stalk and flower-
stalk are concerned, falls under the altifolius type.
Hale, --/ Complclc Body of Husbandry (1756), pi.
jt, f. 5, gives a figure of one of the humilifolius, set
under the name Christmas flower, and referring to his
predecessors he says, " These authors had the
accuracy to observe that the distinction in the colour
of the flower was accidental, and to be considered
only as a variation of the same plant."
Salisbury, in the Transaclions of the Linncan
Society^ viii., 304, chinges the name niger to
grandiflorus, because, as he well says, all the
species have black roots. Happily botanists have
preferred to keep the old name, even at the risk of
inconsistency.
Lastly, we come to Sweet's Flo-ii'cr Garden, ser. 2
(1832), t. 1S6, in which we find a while flowered,
spotted stem form, under the name of II. niger var. ver-
nalis, which he says flowers six or eight weeks later than
the common kind. (Can this be the same as aiigus-
tifolius ?) "Of the three varieties of the Christmas
Rose which we have observed in the gardens the one
now figured (vernalis) is entitled to the preference, as
being less encumbered by foliage and having the
blossoms at least a third larger and of a clearer
colour." And then comes a sentence which we
heartily commend to those who are apt to place undue
reliance on spots and tints : — " The varieties difier in
their size and time of flowering and form of the seg-
ments of their leaves, but they agree in the more
essential parts of their structure. A botanist should
be wary of making species out of longcultivated plants,
for they, like domestic animals, are much more prone
to vary than those in a wild state."
Koch, in his -S^hu/jm (1843), says, and, we believe,
with truth, " Inter H. nigrum et H. allifolium auct.
limites non reperio."
Mr. Baker, in his account of the species of Helle-
bore, Card. Chron., April 7, 1877, p. 432, mentions
the variety altifolius, and none other.
It will be seen that several of the older botanists
recognised the distinction that was afterwards
formulated by Hayne, and that they were fully
aware of the varying tints of the flower. If
priority goes for anything the name "legitimus" —
which, as we have seen, is applied to the form with
relatively short flower-stalk — has precedence over
angustifolius. But we must frankly say that we do
not think discvission upon these points is likely to be
very profitable unless associated with the physiological
"reasons why "which are overlooked by most writers —
the significance of the greening of the flower-segments
as the seed ripens being to our mind of much greater
importance than mere questions of variations of size,
spotting, colour, &c., in which we entirely agree wiih
Sweet. It is singular, too, to note how entirely the
most marked peculiarity, and, in some senses, the
most interesting one of all— the tubular petals or
nectaries— are passed over. These organs make a
Hellebore what it is, and it would be most desirable
to more fully investigate their functions. In some
experiments recorded by us at the Scientific Com-
mittee some years since we adduced some evidence
to show that they possessed the same properties as
those which rendered the Drosera famous. Our expe-
riments were, indeed, merely tentative, not absolutely
conclusive ; but at least Ihey merited confutation or
confirmation.
These nectaries soon fall away, which may be Ihe
reason why these — the essential features of a Helle-
bore— are entirely omitted from Mrs. Duftield's plate
in the Garden of August 24, 1S78. We now append
Mr. Brockbank's last communication : —
It is pretty widely known that Mr. T. II. Archer
Hind has for many years devoted his attention specially
to the cultivation of Hellebores, and that all florists are
greatly indebted to him for information as to Iheir
culture and their history. The following extracts
from a letter I have received from him with reference
to my recent communication on the above Hellebore
(altifolius) will probably be of interest to your readers.
and I have Mr. Archer Hind's permission to publish
it. He wiiles :—
" I have always believed II. niger altifolius, or maxi-
mus, to be an accidental variety of H. niger, and not a
distinct species ; but I had no reason for my belief, ex-
cept that no natural habitat had been assigned to it.
'the only qiiestion appeared to be whether the North or
the South — Aberdeen or Devon — had the priority of
possession. Miss Hope had her first plant in r863, and
as it was at that period to be had only in one garden, or
one very limited locality, we may presume that it had not
been for any length of lime introduced into Scotland.
Now if you will refer to the Garden for r883, p. 222, you
will find that on the information of a friend whom I
could thoroughly trust I quote a case in which II. niger
maximus was known to have existed in a Torquay garden
for at least fifty years prior to 1879, which gives more
than thirty years' precedence of Aberdeen. At p. 244
{(/arde/t) Mr. Ellacombe in a great measure endorses my
statement, and in p. 199 of the same Mr. WoUey Dod
supplies very particular information about Miss Hope's
first plant of H. niger maximus. . . . My plants began
to flower this year September 25, and some apparently
good seed is formed already, but I never had good seed
from this kind. At this moment I have more half-
expanded than full flowers, but I measured one 5 inches
across, and my memoranda state them to be from 4 to
5I inches. The bulk of the stems, as well as the height,
is what is most striking. As you rightly remark, there is
no other II. niger which has the ends of the pistil per-
sistently tinted with pink. This alone proves to my
mind the identity of the flower you have discovered in
Reichenbach witli our plant, and Ihis is your very inter-
esting contribution to its history. Carniola seems a most
probable habitat, and if Hayne found it there in or before
1840 (?r805), and called it ' altifolius, ' I should imagine that
should be its name ; for though it appears to have existed
in Devon for many years previous 10 that, no one seems
to know whence it came nor what it was then called. I
myself rather prefer ' niger maximus ;' it seems to com-
plete the series — niger, niger minor, niger major, niger
maximus. I call your beautiful anguslifolius 'major*
as being the name under which it was known forty years
ago. No doubt ' allifolius ' is a good name when the
plant is compared with the niger family, but it is very
far short of argutifolius in stature, and amongst the
hybrids (raised between colchicus and abchasicus albus,
probably) 1 have many at least as tall as H. niger raaxi-
nms." (Two leaves were enclosed measuring respectively
r9 and 21 inches high.) "Now Ihe name 'maximus
fits all round. Flower-stem and leaf, no other niger
comes near it. It is strange how easily the history of a
plant is lost. In an old Northumberland garden, more
than forty years ago, I found a Hellebore which I named
olympicus major, but its history and introduction were
entirely unknown." T. H. Archer Himi. Divo/i.
Mr. Gusmus, of Vilbach, has also written me con-
firming the conclusion I had arrived at, that the plant
grows wild in Carniola. " H. niger," he says, "is
the common species found everywhere in our cal-
careous mountains ; varieties I have also found in the
wild state. H. niger allifolius, the higher leaved
plant ; II. niger macranthus : the teeth ol the leaves
are very large and thick, like thorns. It is a native
of Southern Tyrol. The variety with fol. var.
of Leichtlin belongs to it. H. niger laciniatus : a
very curious plant, the teeth of the leaf being nearly
an inch long ; it is rare in the Alps. II. niger bi-
folius, wilh two stalks on one stem, I observed in the
Kranisch Alps. II. niger is oflen found here wilh
fine variegated leaves, yellow or white, but when
planted in the garden the foliage is green the follow-
ing year."
It is clear from Herr Gusmus' note that there are
many forms of II. niger which are unknown to us,
and which we may look for in the future. Win.
Brockbank, Brockhnrst, Didsbury, Nov. 12.
CULTIVATION OF THE HaZEL IN TkEBIZOND.
— Hazel-nuts, which are produced in large quan-
tities in Trebizond, yielded during last year a
very abundant harvest, reckoned at not less than
500,000 cwt. This having also been the case in the
preceding year, so plentiful successive crops of a pro-
duct which is not of first necessity encumbered foreign
markets, and rendered the sale, even at reduced
prices, so diificult that only a little more than half the
quantity produced was exported. Though not so
remunerative as other products, the plantations of
Hazel-nut trees are daily extending in all parts of the
province, owing to the little work that their cultiva-
tion entails on the peasants, and though arable fields
are often turned into Hazel-nut groves, in many cases
lands otherwise unavailable to agriculture are made
good use of wilh these plantations.
688
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
fDECKMBER I, 1S83.
AUSTRALIAN SEED-VESSELS.
II.
Myrtaceous Seed Vessels. — In my notes on
the seed-vessels of the Gum trees of Australia I
incidentally mentioned that the seeds of all the
species are small, and of some, especially of
the gigantic arboreous species, very minute. I
may here add that it has been computed that an
ounce of sifted seed of the Blue Gum (Eucalyptus
globulus) contains about 10,000 fertile grains. It
should be explained that the sifting removes the
often numerous abortive seeds. And these minute
seeds retain their germinating power at least four
years, as Baron Mueller has proved by direct experi-
ment. He further found that the more minute seeds
of E. amygdalina germinated six years after being
collected. What a contrast in the size and vitality of
these seeds and some of the larger dicotyledonous
seeds ! Take, for example, that of the Dimor-
phandra Mora, a leguminous tree of Guiana, each
one of which will cover the palm of one's hand.
Then there is the gigantic, curiously shaped seed of
Carapa moluccensis. The seed-vessel is ovoid and
6 or 8 inches in its greatest diameter, with about eight
seeds, so arranged that by mutual compression each
seed is roughly in shape the eighth part of a sphere.
Belonging to the same tribe of the Myrtaces as the
Gum trees are several other Australian genera re-
markable in some way or other for the peculiarities of
their seed vessels.
Some of these genera number many species, and
like Eucalyptus are specially characteristic of the
Australian flora. Among them is the genus Mela-
leuca, of which Mr. Bentham defines ninety-seven
species in his Flora Australiensis. The peculiarity of
the seed-vessels of many of the species of Melaleuca is
their persistence on the plant, apparently during its
whole lifetime. M. decussata is a shrub sometimes
as much as 20 feet high, with slender branches and
small Heath-like leaves. The flowers are produced
in short spikes, or rather they are clustered near the
tips of the branchlets, and sometimes appear to be
spicate, in consequence of the branch at that stage
not being produced above the flowers. Sometimes
even before the flowers are expanded the branchlet
bearing them is produced an inch or two beyond them,
and clothed with leaves ; sometimes the axis is not
prolonged until after the flowering stage, as in fig.
121, A, which represents the seed-vessels of Melaleuca
decussata soon after flowering and before the seeds
are shed. Fig. 121, b, shows them one season older
than A, and c one season older than B. In ordi-
nary herbarium specimens, say about a foot long,
there are usually three or four generations of seed-
vessels, besides flowers. Eventually, as represented
in c, the seed-vessels become quite embedded in
the substance of the branch ; yet between the clusters
of seed-vessels of different ages the branches retain
their slender character. On the older branches the
swollen parts containing these embedded seed-vessels
look like a gall production rather than a normal con-
dition of things. This particular species was in cul-
tivation in this country in 1821, when it was figured
in the Botanical Magazine, plate 2268.
In the allied genus Calothamnus, or at least in
some of the species, the base of the flower is embedded
in the thick branchlet, and in course of development
the calyx itself enlarges and becomes woody. Fig.
121, D, represents the calyxof Calothamnus torulosus, a
little more than natural size, just after the stamens
have fallen away. Fig. 121, E, shows a ripe seed-vessel
of the same species ; in this particular seed-vessel only
two of the four lobes of the calyx have grown out and
become lignified. Sometimes only one grows out,
sometimes three, and occasionally all of them. Other
species offer equally grotesque and singular forms of
seed-vessels, though the genus does not offer the
diversity found in Eucalyptus.
Pkoteaceous Seed-vessels. — The Proteacen? of
Australia exhibit as great a variety in their seed-
vessels as they do in their foliage and flowers.
Among the more conspicuous members of the
order in the landscape are the species of Banksia,
They are scattered nearly all over the country, but
thirty-six out of forty-six of the described species are
restricted to West Australia. In stature they range
from shrubs of 2 or 3 feet in height to trees of medium
size, rarely exceeding 40 or 50 feet, and they bear at
the same time seed-vessels of many successive sea-
sons, expanded flowers, and undeveloped inflor-
escences. The flowers are very densely crowded in
terminal, cylindrical, or spherical spikes. Fig. 122
represents a spike while the flowers are still in bud ;
each of the white squares is the tip of a flower-bud.
One of these flower-spikes often bears more than
1000 flowers, while the number of seed-vessels that
attain maturity is very small, often only four or six,
though sometimes as many as there is room for,
which is not a large number, because they are from
Flc. 121. — \, B, and c, Clusters of the seed-vessels of Mela-
leuca decussata respectively one, two, and three seasons
(years?) old ; natural size. D. Calyx of Calothamnus toru-
losus, after the stamens have fallen away : slightly en-
larged. E. Seed-vessel of the same plant, natural size ;
two of the calyx lobes indurated, the others having
shrivelled up.
Fig. 122. — Inflorescence of a species of Banksia before' the
separate flowers have begun to expand : natural size.
i inch to I inch or more broad, and nearly as thick,
varying in different species. Usually woody, they
split open in two gaping valves something like our
fig. 124, but they are seated on a thick axis, and half
embedded in the fibrous remains of bracts.
In Grevillea gibbosa (fig. 124, p. 6S9) the flowers are
borne free from each other on a comparatively slender
axis destitute of bracts. Rarely more than one or two
seed-vessels are matured from a raceme of 100 or
200 flowers. In form the seed-vessel is not unlike a
bivalve shell, opening in the same manner to free the
one or two seeds, which are flat, and provided with a
broad membranous encircling wing, that would bear
them to a considerable distance in a high wind. Nearly
all of the Australian Proteacesfi have winged seeds,
often of great beauty and delicacy. The valves of
the seed-vessel of Grevillea gibbosa are very hard and
woody, affording absolute protection to the fragile
seeds. Scarcely less hard and woody is the seed-
vessel of Xylomelum pyriforme, the "Wooden Pear"
of the early colonists (fig. 123). In the specimens
figured the valves have opened and freed the footstalk.
This species is a native of New South Wales, and
there is another found in Queensland, besides two in
West Australia : all having quite similar seed-vessels.
Franklandia triarista is a plant that would puzzle
anybody at first sight. Its seed-vessel (fig. 125, p. 689)
is unique in the order, being enclosed in the persistent
tube of the perianth, and crowned when ripe by a
long three-branched plume. The comparatively small
dark part between the plumose portion and the spindle-
like base contains the single small seed. In the
genus Petrophila the flowers are in spikes or cones,
each flower being sessile within a bract or scale,
which hardens and persists, so that at the fruiting
stage the spike (of some of the species more than
others), has very much the appearance of the cone of a
true Conifer of small dimensions. Each separate seed-
vessel contains only one seed, is quite small, furnished
with a plume of hairs, and does not burst open to free
the seed ; but being so small, and provided with a
plumose appendage, it is conveyed to a distance by
the wind. The large genus, Conospermum has
similar seed-vessels, but they are not arranged in cones.
In the beautiful genera Telopea and Lomatia the seed-
vessel is a coriaceous follicle opening along one side
and containing a number of rather large winged seeds.
Macadamia has a globular seed-vessel, the outer thinner
layer of which is fleshy, and the inner hard and bone-
like. It contains either one spherical or two hemi-
spherical seeds. Finally, Cenarrhenes nitida has a
very succulent outer layer to the one-seeded fruit.
W, B. Hems Ley,
BOTANIC GARDENS.
The perusal of your leading article in the number
for August 25 gave me great pleasure, as I concur fully
in the general views expressed by you on the distinct
importance of botanic gardens, although I can hardly
think that all Continental botanic gardens are so much
behind the requirements of the times as your article
would indicate. [We made exceptions.] Nearly forty
years ago the botanic garden of the university at which
I studied gave away to the medical students, propor-
tionally perhaps, as many fresh botanical specimens
as the justly renowned botanic garden of Edinburgh
now. But as pointed out in a lecture on the objects
of a botanic garden (the print of which discourse was
widely circulated) in 1871, and as also partly explained
in my opening address delivered in the section for
agriculture, horticulture and pastoral pursuits at the
Social Science Congress in connection with the Mel-
bourne International Exhibition, the limits between
real botanic gardens and ordinary public horticultural
places are, as a rule, not distinctly drawn, the former
being more essentially establishments for science, the
others more particularly places for recreation and
amusement, although the former may secondarily be
pleasure gardens also, and the latter afford likewise
secondarily some means for study. With this view,
doubtless many Continental botanic gardens aim
at scientific utility, mainly or even solely, more
especially so as their scanty fund in most instances
is quite inadequate to do more. If we would
only recognise that true botanic gardens are
primarily gardens plus science, while municipal
gardens, cemetery gardens, &c., primarily are gardens
minus science, then much about the competitive diffi-
culties of these two classes of horticultural establish-
ments would vanish, and in fairness no more would
be expected from either of them than was intended,
and each class would be left peacefully to its own
proper pursuits, and not attempt to do both duties
with conflicling interests and insufficient resources.
You in your able article have touched some of the
many points also already advanced by me, but much
might be added to your remarks, and in venturing
to make from a large experience of former years some
further suggestions I beg it to be clearly understood at
once that no one can be a greater advocate for esthetic
and scenic culture also in botanic gardens, properly
so-called, than myself. Pine arboreta on hill-slopes
December i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
689
in the Melbourne botanic gardens, a geyser, fountains,
ridgy islands with Gynerium, Bamboo, &c., in the
lake, a short Fern tree gully, rockeries, an aviary
expanding into two wings over small trees, with a
bridge and arched bower between, large glasshouses
(the first in Australia), a Victoria Rcgia tank, an
orchestra building, all this efTected twenty or twenty-
five years ago, bear or bore witness to this recognition
of the ornamental claims in botanic gardens by myself
even when water supply by gravitation was only
scanty, and for years did not exist, and when, to
speak with Pope, "the soil was stubborn." But to
my mind, when a botanic garden is to fulfil its func-
Fig. 133.— Seed-vessel of Xylomelum pyriforme (Wooden Pear)
opening ; foot-stalk fallen away : natural size.
Fig. 124 — Seed-vessel of GrevilIeagibbo?a, open ; natural size.
tions to the highest extent, the main planting should
be ruled by strictly scientific principles, which pro-
cedure, however, need not exclude a few ornamental
lawns, some little decoration in the way of flower
borders, such as I saw in German gardens fully forty
years ago, but which is costly and unproductive.
In old-established ground he who has to deal with
the planting operations of a strictly botanic garden
is probably hampered, because he likes to respect the
work of his predecessors, as he expects his own work
afterwards to be respected. But on new ground all
planting should be performed on strictly scientific con-
siderations. Thus I gradually, even on older grounds,
rearranged the plants, geographically, systematically,
and industrially. Nearly each part of the garden had
in this way its distinct meaning ; the larger portion of
the area was devoted to geographic planting, for which
in the warm temperate zone we have here, perhaps, ten
times greater facilities than in northern or even middle
Europe. Thus, North and South .\mericahad theirown
large areas, so also North and South Asia, North and
South Africa, and North and South Europe, due scope
being given to Eastern and Western Australia, also to
New Zealand and Polynesia ; and I found no difticulty
in introducing at the same time the scenic elements,
though I did not sacrifice old specimen trees foreign to
any of t he adopted geographic divisions of the grounds,
but left them unlabelled to divert primary attention
from them. This geographic arrangement I adopted
nearly fifteen years ago in the Palm-house and
smaller conservatory, inasmuch as the plants of the
Western Hemisphere were kept on the western side
of the building, the plants of the Eastern Hemisphere
on the eastern side, and Northern and Southern plants
again being placed respectively. It is obvious how
easily plants are thus to be found, even by strangers,
either in extensive open grounds or anywhere
under glass. The systematic planting done in 1857
was strictly according to Jussieu's system, allied
orders of plants coming into juxtaposition, and the
whole forming a compact plantation, not a dissevered
scattering of odd orders of plants over wide areas,
with the loss of all facilities for comparison of the
genera and species of cognate orders. Monocoty-
ledons and Acotyledons were not planted for
want of means at the time, and an improvement in
the systematic arrangement could be effected by dis-
tributing the Apetalere {except the Gymnospermeae),
among the orders nearest to them in alliance. The in-
dustrial ground was not extensive, and my desire was to
enlarge still more the division lor grasses, medicinal,
textile, tanning, and anyotherutilitariangroupsof plants
— a special work, which went through several editions,
having purposely been written to promote the study of
these plants ; but the respective plots were lined with
difTerent kinds of plants, fit for edging, to show the
merit of each sort. Such rigorous method in planting
over a large area did not exclude the grouping of numer-
ous kinds of Oaks from various parts of the globe on
one spot as a miniature Oak forest, nor did it prevent
the collection of the species of the great genus Acacia,
also of Ilex, and others ; nor did it stand in the way of
having each line of most of the main walks shaded with
a particular species of tree, to exhibit the value of each
for shade lines ; nor was thereby the scenic effect
impaired, although ik gustihits non est dispniandttm,
I could enlarge on many other important func-
tions of a botanic garden, but within the limits
of this communication I would only allude to the
inestimable advantage of a botanic garden to
a professional botanist. Many a great man in
systematic botany would have been far less great
had he not enjoyed the advantages of frequent-
ing rich botanic gardens ; in such, moreover, far
more readily large herbaria can be accumulated than
otherwise, though nulla regiila sine exceptione.
Extensive phytographic writers perhaps occasionally
forgot, or unconsciously never recognised, that they
owe their main auxiliaries really to botanic gardens.
Who among descriptive botanists was not glad to go
from the herbarium to the class ground of the garden
to study in Nature, comparatively, leaf-buds, preflores-
cence, location, and directions of ovules, dimorphism,
colour of flowers, and a multitude of characteristics
with ease, which in herbaria are traced with difficulty
altogether or lost, not to speak of sacrificing speci-
mens of dried plants, particularly if such are glued
down. What monographer would not hail with
delight a collection of the plants in cultivation coming
under his review ? — especially if the monograph per-
tains to trees, the bark, wood, habit, and defoliation,
&c., requiring to be studied, as I myself most
seriously experienced when endeavouring to deal
satisfactorily with the Eucalypts. No ; on this ques-
tion of the high importance of real botanic gardens,
for descriptive botany there ought to be only one
voice. Then how is he on whom it may devolve
to call forth or to foster new resources, to fulfil his
functions, without living plants under his immediate
care? Agriculture, forestry, technologic industries,
pastoral concerns, designs truthful to Nature for
artistic purposes, cannot much be advanced either by
a herbarium or by simple pleasure gardening. Fur-
thermore, how is the raw material for the technologist
or phytochemic laboratory to be obtained readily
except from a botanic garden worthy of the name ?
That such material cannot always be obtained from
plants of decorative value must be evident, though
thus far the unthinking portion of the public
may, perhaps, cry down, even in a new country,
any plant not decorative. Gardens, plain and
simple, for amusement, or for i)Ieasure walking,
ought to be near the centres of populations ; b( •
tanic gardens, on the other hand, should be more
in quiet retreats. From the united action of leading
botanic gardens in the world we may expect hence-
forth the issue of standard annual catalogues, based
on intimate and special knowledge, for universal
use, just as the annual nautical almanacs serve all
navigators simultaneously. Could my wishes have
KiG. 125. — Franklandia triaristata seed-vessel contained in the
persistent tube of the perianth : perianth-tube from which
the seed-vessel has been removed ; and seed-vessel sur-
mounted by a three-branched plume : natural size.
been realised, we should have had also here, as recom-
mended everywhere else, regular monthly reports,
emanating also from our botanic garden, relating to
temperature in its influence on thousands of reliably
named specific forms in vegetation, referring to
pathological data, bringing descriptive notes on new
or rare plants arisen under local cultivation, setting
forth the time of flowering and fruiting of multitudes
of species, and dwelling on hundreds of the pheno-
mena in plant life. F. von Mueller, Melbourne,
Darwin on Instinct. — At the meeting of
the Linnean Society to be held next Thursday
evening, the paper to be read is a posthumous Essay
on Instinct, by Charles Darwin. A discussion will
follow,
690
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December i, 1883.
KlEFF. — So far as regards cuUivation, there is a
close alliance between gardening and farming, and the
products of a garden are certainly not out of place at
an agricultural exhibition. Here, where exhibitions
are still very rare, and where an active and well
organised horticultural society does not exist, it is only
natural that gardeners and nurserymen should avail
themselves of an excellent occasion such as the recent
exhibition (see p. 508) afforded them for bringing their
products before the notice of the public ; and itmust be
allowed, that in doing so they greatly contributed to
render the exhibition more attractive than it would
otherwise have been. Yet, strange to say, several
nurserymen who could have made a very good turn-
out did not take the trouble to send anything, and
perhaps did not even go to see what others had done.
This simple fact is quite in keeping with the want of
public spirit and co-operation which prevails not only
among gardeners here, but also among others from
whom better things might be expected. The editor
of one of the daily papers, while reviewing the
excellent results of the exhibition, and awarding a
well merited meed of praise to its promoters, did not
fail, at the same time, to throw out a severe rebuke
where it was justly deserved.
Among the exhibitors in the horticultural section,
the first place belongs to M. Wesser, of the Chateau
des Fleurs. This is, I believe, the oldest and largest
firm in Kieff, and a gold and a silver medal were
awarded for the numerous collections of different
kinds shown. Of these, an extensive display of fruit,
chiefly Apples, was much admired. A vast and com-
modious structure in the way of a greenhouse, but
having a roof of boards, was completely filled with
plants, fruit and vegetables. The other nurserymen
who received medals were M. Christer (gold) ; M.
Christiani (silver) ; Benedict (bronze) ; several certifi-
cates were given to others. From the private garden
of M. Doppelmayer there was sent a large collection
of Begonias, and M. Grote, of Odessa, had a small
miscellaneous group, the most prominent of which was
a very tall Yucca gloriosa in flower. A great number
of young fruit trees, chiefly Apples and Pears, occupied
different clumps in the open ground, and they were
sold by auction at the end of the show. There was
no lack of garden implements, such as rakes, spades,
watering cans, pumps, knives, garden seats, orna-
mental pots and flower-stands, in great variety.
Collections of seeds and dried specimens were especi-
ally numerous, and two or three garden plans might
be seen here and there, but they had no doubt been
prepared in haste.
A large open space in the middle of a circular
pavilion was very neatly laid out as a carpet bed,
having a group of statuary in the centre. This was a
decided ornament, due to the firm of M. Wesser, who
in general took a very active part in the decorations
of the show.
In the arboricultural section there were a consider-
able number of specimens of different kinds of wood
and a few boxes of young plants, chiefly Conifers.
The display of Roses, Dahlias, and other flowering
plants in the open ground was not successful, owing
to the lateness of the season and to a very unfavourable
change of weather which took place during the exhi-
bition. The nights especially were unusually cold,
though in other respects it was generally warm and
sunny enough for the end of August. In the technical
sections several persons were appointed to give
lectures and explanations where they were considered
necessary, and even a catalogue after a time was ready
for distribution. One of the booksellers, too (Tdzi-
kofsky), very properly had a large stall of books suit-
able for the occasion. A good many things of differ-
ent kinds were shown which belong neither to garden-
ing nor farming, and yet they were very interesting,
and deserved both attention and study. For instance,
one exhibitor showed the model of a house quile fur-
nished, and, with the exception only of the window,
all in straw. Such houses, of course, do not require
to be heated, and it is even doubtful if they would
last long except under the surveillance of a good cat.
A lady in the country sent a stock of home-spun
cloth, suitable for peasants, and different articles of
wearing apparel in the same way. These were mostly
well-finished, and pretty enough. Then there was a
special section for the propagating of fish, which was
much patronised ; but with respect to bee-keeping and
poultry there was nothing worthy of particular notice.
The show of cows and pigs, too, was very limited,
but of the latter two or three " Yorks " and " Lin-
colns," from the estate of the Count Bariatinski,
received much attention. They were remarkably
large and well fattened, at the same time firm on
their legs, and capable of movement. But from the
first day to the close the show of horses formed the
chief attraction of the exhibition, and that part of
the ground reserved for the stables and exercises was
always crowded with visitors. This is easy to under-
stand in a country where horse-breeding is more or
less the occupation of everybody.
It would lead me too far to say much of machinery
and implements generally ; but this section occupied
a large extent of ground and comprised some first-rate
threshing machines, straw-cutting machines, reaping
machines, and others, for the most part by English
makers. There was no lack of pumps, large and
small ploughs of the newest sort for working ground
several feet in width at once ; hay-rakes, to supersede
a dozen labourers in a country like Russia, are espe-
cially of the greatest value ; some of the best makers
in Berlin, Warsaw, and Moscow were also contributors
in this section.
On the whole, it is generally allowed that this
exhibition, which lasted fully two weeks, has been
highly successful, and that it has done much good.
It is only fair to infer that another will be opened
next year, and that it will be still better. Once let
it be decided to have such an exhibition every year,
and it is quite sure that there will be plenty of exhi-
bitors, and that the public will patronise and support
it. What has been done is a step in the right direc-
tion, and it is only necessary to go on. It is equally
clear, too, that a flower show, if only for two or
three days in the month of May or June, would also
be successful, and have a beneficial result. Let us
hope that next year a fair trial will be made, P. f.
Keir,
Ijrdpd J|otcs ami Ikminp.
Work in the Houses. — No operation connected
with Orchids at this season of the year requires greater
care than the admission of fresh air to the warmer
species. Currents of cold air, if allowed to pass over
the plants unchecked, will soon do serious mischief.
To prevent this occurring the ventilators should have
a piece of coarse tiffany tacked over them, which will
allow of free ventilation being given with safety, and
the tiffany guard will also act as a conservator of the
moisture in the house. While there is danger in too
free ventilation, it is as great a mistake to keep the
houses too close and moist at this season, especially if
unnecessarily high temperatures are indulged in. The
plants may look well and thrive for a time under the
close treatment, but growth made under these condi-
tions can have no lasting fibre in it, and is generally
the first to get diseased. A day temperature
of 6S° will be sufficient for the East Indian
plants, but during mild weather the temperature
should be run a few degrees higher, when a
thorough change of air should be given to the plants,
as a nice buoyant atmosphere under these conditions
will be maintained. The best precautions should
now be taken to guard the rhal-Tenopsis from any
sudden fluctuations of temperature, and some double
or treble thicknesses of mats should be in readiness to
place over the glass during stormy weather. As
these plants should always occupy positions near the
glass it is very necessary during the winter season to
adopt the system of covering the plants during cold
nights. These plants are rapidly pushing out their
spikes, and will need every encouragement during
the next six weeks. Some of the earliest are already
in flower, but they are principally the weakest plants:
and the spikes, as soon as fully open, will be removed
from them. Any of the winter- flowering AngrK-
cums and Saccolabiums should have their spikes
removed before the flowers begin to decay,
otherwise there is danger of the dead flowers
dropping into the axils of the leaves of the
plants, and causing the foliage to rot. All the
spring-flowering Acrides and Vandas must now be
kept as quietly at rest as possible, giving them only
sufficient water at the roots to keep them fresh both in
foliage and root. Most of these are always more or
less on the move both at the roots and in growth,
but this should not tempt any one to try to get extra
growth on them during the winter season, as all such
growths would be sure to get diseased before another
winter passed over them. With the mild weather,
and consequent quicker development of the plants in
the cool-house, many of them will soon be showing
their spikes in greater abundance than hitherto, and
this will render extra precautions necessary to guard
them from being destroyed by snails and other
causes. The plants that have completed their
growths should be examined, and as soon as
their spikes are seen a little cotton wadding or
some other equally good protection should be placed
around them, otherwise the slugs will insinuate them-
selves between the leaves and the bulbs, and in this
way soon do much mischief, by destroying the young
spikes. Plants of Odontoglossum bictonense, O.
odoratum, O. Rossii, and other autumn bloomers
should be carefully cleaned after flowering, and any
of them that may be commencing fresh growth may
be repotted before the growths get advanced. Where
this is not necessary a top-dressing will be an assist-
ance in keeping the surface of the compost open, and
so render it more permeable to the beneficial influence
of the atmosphere of the house. Plants of Masde-
vallia tovarense in this house now showing flower
should be removed to the cool end of the Cattleya-
house, where they will keep in better condition than
in the moist atmosphere of the cool-house. J. Roberts,
Gnnnershiry Park Gardens,
L/ELiA AUTUMNALis ATRORUBENS. — The typical
form of the species figured in Bateman's Orchidacea of
Mexico, t. 9, has flowers of a lilac-purple or rosy
colour, but in this variety the colour is intensified to
a rich readish or magenta-purple, deepest towards the
tips of the sepals and petals, but especially so on the
upper part of the labellum, while the lower is almost
pure white. Not only is there a marked distinctness
in the colour of this varietal form, but specifically this
Orchid has a very characteristic individuality separat-
ing it from its numerous congeners under cultivation.
This is seen not only in the contrasting colours of the
labellum, but its shape (the lower part not clasping
the column, as in other species). The spreading sepals
and petals are revolute at the tips, and the short
pseudobulbs, with long peduncles or flower-stems, is
another well marked feature. The plant is flowering
in the cool Orchid-house at Kew.
Odontoglossum Roezlii seems always in flower
somewhere or other, and a lovely and fragrant thing
it is, with its large and variously marked blossoms.
Few Orchids are more liked where it does well, and
few are more miserable-looking where it is badly
cultivated. When badly grown it is attacked with
yellow thrips and also a fungoid growth of rust-like
appearance, both of which evils appear when the
plants are grown either warm or cold, provided they
be in bad condition. It cannot, therefore, be said
that either too much heat, or too little, is the cause of
it. However, when they are attacked by these pests
the first step should be to endeavour to get rid of
them, and this is best accomplished by dipping the
plants, head downwards, in a weak solution of
tobacco-water and repeating the dipping every three
or four days for a fortnight or so. At the same time
the plants should be shifted to a light but shady place
(a shelf if possible) in a moist intermediate or airy
warm-house, where they could be syringed lightly
with rain-water once or twice a day. So managed
they require but little water at the root and seem to
make larger and cleaner bulbs and leaves and finer
flowers than when they are kept very moist in the
pots. Of course the syringing must be discontinued
while the plants are in bloom. Some grow O.
Roezlii in the cold-house in summer, and move it to
the intermediate-house in winter, and some succeed
equally well with it in a warm-house all the year
round. There are not many Orchids easier to grow
when once the proper situation can be found for it,
and in seeking such a situation the main things to
bear in mind are that it does not like direct sunlight,
and that it must have a good air, but it will not do
well in a draughty place. A great thing in the culture
of O. Roezlii is to keep off the yellow thrips, which
are so fond of it ; on the slightest suspicion of this
insect being present the tobacco- water dipping should
be resorted to. Where the plants are in very bad
condition they ought at once to be turned out of their
pots and have the roots well washed, and be repotted
back into small pots, using as compost only broken
crocks, with a thin covering of living sphagnum. The
dead sheaths, also, which always cling about the bulbs
December i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
69 r
when the plants ate not thriving, should lie catelully
removed. A layer of living sphagnum moss on the
stage or shelf on which the plants are placed is of
great assistance in keeping the atmosphere around
them sufliciently humid.
Masiievam.ia racemosa Crossii.— The carei'ully
arranged Horal picture, composed of many scores of
dried llowers, with stems and leaves, which was
exhibited by Messrs, Shuttleworth, Carder & Co. at
Stevens' Rooms on November 22, when part of the
few surviving plants out of Mr. Carder's large collec-
tion of it were olTered for sale, was enough to set any
Orchid lover wild after a specimen. Some of the
flower-spikes bore from ten to fourteen large showy
flowers, all orangc-culoured in the dried specimens, as
the various tinges of scarlet surface-colour had (as
usual with Masdevallias) dried out. The variety, as
it has been recently introduced, seems to be a much
showier thing than the old M. racemosa, dried flowers
of which have been in the country for some years ; it
is a pity that it should be so very difficult to get over
alive, as a plant can hardly be expected to get cheap
while a long and dangerous journey has to be taken
for it, and twenty cases brought in order to get a score
plants alive. May it some day arrive in quantity ;
but experience up to the present points to the fact
that it is not a good traveller.
Odontoglossum Alexande/e.— In January last I
bloomed an O. Alexandra ; it carried five flowers of
a remarkably good form and substance. They had in
the aggregate twelve spots on them, all small, but
good in colour. It has now opened its flowers (eight)
the second time. Each and every sepal has a large
{and in some two or three in a lump) spot of a fine
red-brown colour, and of course the substance in
size and shape has improved by the gain of the plant
in strength. I should much like to know if this is a
common thing. I know good spotted forms that at
first blooming show their spotted character become
better, but did not think a rose-spotted form would
become a very fine spotted one within a year. Can
other growers corroborate this ? as, if so, no one
ought to part with a fine-shaped form in bloom unless
they have seen if it will develope spots in another
season. Aviinrcitvi,
Protection. — The present is a period of the year
when, from the uncertainty of our climate, we may,
within a few days, nay, even hours, experience very
varied and exireme changes of weather, snow and
hail, warm showers and intense frosts sometimes
alternating with each other with marvellous rapidity.
These sudden changes are often very destructive to
tender, and even to hardy plants, sometimes much
more so than even a long continuance of severe
weather would be. To newly planted subjects they
are especially so. This arises from the loosened state
of the soil, and the consequent uprooting of the plants
by the action of frost. Protecting materials of various
kinds should, therefore, be always ready at hand for
immediate use when required. Where the plants
occupy only small spaces of ground hoops and mats,
Frigi-domo, canvas, or any similar material which
can be conveniently supported off the ground and
without being in contact with the plants, is much the
best method, but where the plants cover large areas
this plan is not practicable, and other means must be
employed. When the garden is not situated near the
mansion dry straw, pea haulm, or Fern, each form
excellent material for the purpose, and, where
employed, often save from destruction hundreds of
plants and tender bulbs which would otherwise perish.
Where these cannot be conveniently used leaf-
mould and sand mixed together are capital protectors,
and where neatness is a consideration these materials
should be largely used for the purpose by mulching
the beds entirely over with them. Cocoa-nut refuse
is also useful, but after heavy rains it becomes too
compressed, and in this state excludes the air too
much, and if allowed to remain frequently cause
succulent plants to rot at the base of the stem. All
half-hardy plants in pots, whether annual or perennial,
intended for next year's use should be carefully stored
away in cold frames before they become injured ; this
also applies to all late sown comparatively hardy
plants which, from their young state, would assuredly
perish if transplanted now unless the winter proves
exceptionally mild. If plunged in ashes in a cold
frame until the return of spring, freely exposing them
at all times excejit during frost or heavy rains, they
will be found invaluable for spring and early summer
decoration. For this purpose, and where a constant
and continuous display is required in the flower gar-
den, the value of cold frames can scarcely be over-
estimated.
Dui.H';, — The planting of all bulbous plants in-
tended for spring flowering should now be coni|)leted,
and should severe weather set in they should, unless
intermixed with and sufliciently protected by low-
growing herbaceous plants, receive temporary protec-
tion ; but this should be immediately removed when
the frost disappears. Dahlias, Lobelia cardinalis.
Salvias, and all similar plants should now be stored
either in cool sheds, cellars, or frames, care being
taken by occasional inspection to prevent injury from
damp. Gladiolus I would still advise to be left in the
beds till such time as the bulbs become thoroughly
matured. Do not, however, allow frost to penetrate
sufficiently deep to injure them ; this can easily be
done by placing a small quantity of leaf-mould or
dry litter over the beds.
I\OSES. — As the weather still continues open Roses
may yet be planted where the situation is elevated
and where the soil is moderately dry ; should these
conditions not exist, special care must be taken to
mulch heavily immediately after planting with dry
litter, so as to effectually exclude frost from the roots.
Tea and Noisette Roses can scarcely be cultivated
with full satisfaction in the open garden, unless the
soil and situation be exceptionally favourable. There
is one method, however, which I think is not suffi-
ciently practised, and one which, although not so
profitable as wall culture, jet deserves to be more
freely adopted. Every autumn, either in the first or
second week in November, according to the state
of the weather, the plants should be taken
up and laid in rows by the heels rather closely
together in a somewhat dry position behind a
north wall. During severe frosts they should
be protected either by hoops and mats, or dry litter,
they should, however, be fully exposed on every
possible occasion. About the first week in March
they should be again planted in their summer posi-
tions, choosing a mild day for the work, the position
should be a very sunny and somewhat dry one ; and
the soil should be of a sandy and somewhat poor
description. A good mulching should be given im-
mediately, and, if dry, a good soaking of water also,
which should be frequently repeated with the addition
of liquid manure during dry weather. By adopting
this method but little pruning will be required as the
plants receive a check by the annual removal ;
masses of fibrous roots are formed, and an abundance
of blossoms is the result. T. S. C.
iBrapes an6 Uineries.
Vines — If the earliest house was started as advised
in my last calendar, keep the night temperature at 50°,
with a rise of 10° by day, and do not give air if the
temperature does not exceed 70°. When the sun is
bright it will sometimes go higher, when a little air
must be given on the back ventilators for a short time,
but close the house again early to make the most of
the sun-heat. Turn over the fermenting material
every morning, and add fresh as the heat declines ;
syringe the rods with tepid water several times daily,
or whenever theyare dry, and keep up a moist growing
atmosphere. The Vines in succession-houses must be
pruned as soon as the fruit is cut, or where there are
only a few bunches left they may be cut and put in the
fruit-room, so that the Vines can have as long a rest as
possible. In pruning, if the Vines are newly planted,
shorten the leading shoot to about 8 feet long, so that
the Vines will reach the top of the house in about
three years, and if the Vines are established, prune
them back to one eye on each spur if they are in good
condition, but if they are weak, prune them back to a
good eye ; apply styptic, and dress them as advised
in my last Calendar. Late Hamburghs that are
required to be kept as long as possible, will now keep
as well in the fruit-room as on the Vines, so that they
are better cut and bottled, and the house thrown open
for a few days before they are pruned. Keep the
temperature o( the Grape-room as near 45° as possible,
and the atmosphere dry. Muscats can be kept as
advised in my last Calendar, wiih a few degrees lower
temperature if the weather is cold. Late varieties of
Grapes, as advised in my last Calendar, must be
closely examined for decayed berries, as if neglected
for only a few days they soon spoil the bunches.
The earliest pot Vines must be kept at a night tem-
perature of 50°, with a rise of 10° by day : keep the
evaporating pans filled, and syringe the rods overhead
with tepid water several times daily ; give them plenty
of tepid water at the roots whenever the soil is dry,
and maintain a moist growing atmosphere. Joshua
Allans.
|M I'T'.tli! |nut |ar£li;n.
Pruning should be proceeded with whenever an
opportunity offers. In the case of standards, bush, or
pyramid trees, the severe thinning out of the wood is
a great point to be kept in view, the centre of the tree
should be so pruned that an abundance of sun and air
can be admitted to insure thorough ripening of the
wood and the perfect maturation of the fruit. On the
branches of some varieties spurs are produced too
thickly, these must be kept thinnedout, or exactly the
same results will ensue as with overcrowded branches —
small-sized and immature fruit. Where trees have
been neglected, the operation of thinning must be
performed gradually ; cutting away a portion an-
nually until the desired balance of branches be ob-
tained. If the trees are kept well thinned from the
first, by the time they are in full bearing there will be
no occasion for severe pruning, causing loss of fruit and
injury to the tree. Scrape off any moss growing on
the tree with the back of the knife, or a wire
brush, afterwards giving it a good scrubbing with a
strong brine of common salt.
The continuous wet weather has again delayed
planting, except on very light soils, therefore every
advantage should be taken to hasten it when the soil
is in a suitable condition. On very heavy soils it would
be very unwise to plant when the earth is cold, and
of the consistency of mortar. On such land the aim
should be either to have everything in readiness to
plant early in the season, or planting should be
deferred till after the turn of the year.
The pruning of (iooseberries and Currants should be
proceeded with ; the former, where the destruction of
the buds by bullfinches is expected, can be left until
later in the season. In pruning Gooseberries the over-
crowding and crossing of branches should be avoided,
keeping the centre well open, cutting back the lateral
or side growths to two or three buds from the base.
The branches of red and white Currants also require
to be kept well thinned, to ensure free admission of
light and air ; and the lateral growths to be spurred-
in closely. Established trees will require their main
shoots to be cut back to keep them within proper
limits. Voung bushes of course will require some to
be left their entire length, or only just stopped to
insure a proper balancing of the branches. ISIack
Currants are not pruned on the spur system, but have
their old growths cut away where there are young
growths to replace them, the object being to keep
the trees well supplied with young wood, on which the
crop of fruit is produced. When taking cuttings of
Currants, which may be done at any time durin"
the period allowed for pruning, those of black
Currants should not have any of the eyes at the base
removed, as these produce the suckers which are use-
ful in keeping the bush furnished with plenty of younfr
growth. These should be left entire at the pruning
season. Continue to make new plantations of Rasp-
berries, and make secure to the stakes or wires, and
the canes of those in bearing condition, afterwards
giving a thick mulching of 4 or 5 inches of decayed
manure. See that all newly planted trees are well
mulched before frost sets in. As the leaves drop
from the trees rake and clean up .and carry to the
rubbish-heap instead of digging them into the borders.
Give ventilation to the fruit-room when the tempera-
ture without corresponds with that within. Look
over the fruit laid out on shelves, and remove any
showing signs of decay. Those stored in barrels, if
selected fruit, as previously advised, will not require
looking over, if of late keeping varieties, and a dry,
cool, and even temperature has been maintained,
/'. C. Powell, Fo-Vilcrliam.
692
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December i, 18
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Dec 1 i. ^^'^=^ of Dutch Bulbs, at Stevens' and
■ ^ I Protheroe & Morris' Rooms.
Tuesday,
Dec.
A'EDNESUAY, DcC S
Dec.
Sale of Camellias. Roses, and Bulbs, at the
City Auction Rooms at Gracechurch
Street.
Sales of Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens'
Rooms.
Sale of Lilies, at Protheroe & Morris'
C Rooms
r Linncan Society meets at 8 P.M.
I Sale of Imported Orchids and Liliutn
auratum Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms.
I 'ec. 6 \ Sale of Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris'
I Rooms.
Sale of l-'ruil Trees at Osborn's Nursery,
I Sunbury, by Protheroe & Morris.
{Sale ol Imported Orchids, at Protheroe &
Morris' Rooms.
Sale of Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens
Rooms.
Sale of Roses, Lily and othsr Bulbs, at
Protheroe & Morns' Rooms.
Dec.
FROM the time of Bernard de Jussieu
onwards botanists have distinguished be-
tween Artificial and Natural Systems of
Classification* Linn/eus, albeit his profes-
sedly artificial system came to be so generally
used just because it was at the time so eminently
useful, recognised that a natural method of
arranging plants should be the first and last
consideration of the botanist. His views on
this matter were in some senses a great advance
on those of Boerhaave. For the Dutch
naturalist botany was that department of
natural history by whose assistance a know-
ledge of plants might most conveniently and
with the least trouble be obtained. This indeed
is the end and aim of any artificial system. For
practical everyday use we have to take things
as we find them — to avail ourselves of what
science teaches, and, in default, to make the
best of our nescience. But such expediency
will not long satisfy the mind of the student.
Convenience of arrangement and facility of
reference are not everything. The mind yearns
for more, stimulated by the fact that the more
it learns the more perfect becomes the system —
the more natural, in fact. Is there, then, a natural
system, and if there is, is it attainable .' The
answer must be that there is such a system,
and one which, although from the circumstances
of the case never likely, in this state of exist-
ence, to be fully grasped, is in daily progress
towards perfection. Every well ascertained fact,
no matter how apparently insignificant it may
be, is a step in advance. Professed botanists,
physiologists, gardeners, amateurs, students may
all help the work forward.
But it is needful to give precision to our
ideas as to what constitutes a natural system.
Not so long ago it was considered as the
expression of a mere ideal abstraction. For
practical purposes it was taken to mean
the association of different plants or animals,
according to the amount of resemblance
between them. If the resemblance was great
and was manifest more or less generally
throughout all the organs of a plant, then
the group consisting of plants thus nearly
resembling each other was considered natural,
and natural in proportion to the degree of
resemblance. As time went on and experience
accumulated various improvements were made
in the mode of estimating the degree of rela-
tionship. The mere number of points of
agreement or of difference was not so much
considered as the intrinsic value to be placed
upon certain points in comparison with others.
Hence arose the study of the " subordination of
characters " — a point too technical to be dis-
cussed here. In this state things remained till
the advent of Darwin's Origin of Species, when
all of a sudden the so-called natural system
which men had been groping for, and concern-
ing which they had been entangling themselves
in vain metaphysical speculations, became
illumined and vivified. Definite tangible pro-
positions took the place of postulates and
speculations, and the underlying principle of
the natural system became manifest. " Propin-
^ FUwers atid their Pedigrees. By Grant Alien. (Long-
mans.)
quity of descent, the only known cause of the
similarity of organic beings is the bond, hidden
as it is by various degrees of modification,
which is partially revealed to us by our classifi-
cations .... All true classification is genealogi-
cal ; community of descent is the hidden bond
which naturalists have been unconsciously
seeking, and not some unknown plan of creation,
or the enunciation of general propositions, and
the mere putting together and separating
objects more or less alike. The idea of the
natural system, so far as it has been perfected,
is genealogical in its arrangement, with the
grades of difference between the descendants
from a common parent, expressed by the terms
genera, families, orders, &c."
This view of the genealogical basis of all
natural systems, enunciated by Darwin, is now
almost universally accepted as true. There are,
and will be, differences of opinion as to the
starting-point — the how and' the why and the
when ; but these differences of detail in no wise
affect the validity of the general principle.
This being so, how are we to proceed in the
absence of written pedigrees, to unravel the
genealogy of existing plants and animals i
Darwin himself tells us that we have to make
out community of descent by resemblances of
any kind, laying special stress on those " charac-
ters " or points of difference or agreement which
are the most constant and invariable — those, in
other words, which have been the least modified
by the circumstances to which the plant has
been recently exposed. For instance, by the
favourable conditions we give our Hellebores
or other plants in cultivation we enable them to
produce larger and finer flowers than in a state
of Nature. But mere size and enhanced colour,
however important for our purpose, are clearly
less important to the plant than those curious
arrangements of the parts of the flower which
render a Hellebore what it is. The one set of
characters is relatively of individual im-
portance only, modern, fleeting, and incon-
stant, evolved to suit particular requirements
of time and place, and capable of being modified
when those circumstances change. The other
set of characters is common to the whole
group, ancient in origin, relatively constant and
durable — so much so that often no change is
observable from the first appearance of the plant
known to us to the present time. A Fern of the
coal measures presents absolutely the same
general characteristics as the Fern of the
present day. The Apples of the Swiss lake
dwellings — far less remote than the Coal
Measures, but still remote beyond historic
reckoning — are as much Apples as those which
graced the tables at Chiswick the other day ;
but while the Apple in those old times existed
under one form only, how many hundreds and
thousands of modifications by descent have
since accrued it would and did puzzle the com-
mittee to determine ; nevertheless, they were all
Apples — all clearly owed iheir origin to a
common stock. The point we wish to illustrate
now is that the ancestral characters, by virtue
of which they remain Apples, are of vastly more
importance for classificatory purposes than
those minor shades of variation which enables
us to divide them into Codlins or Russets,
Pearmains or Pippins. It follows from what
has been said that in endeavouring to unravel
the line of descent of plants we must give
special importance precisely to those very
characters which we as florists or fruit growers
should pass over. The object to be attained is
almost totally different, and hence the means to
be employed are different also, though different
only in degree — divergent we should rather
have written.
Cumulative evidence is clearly of great im-
portance in a case of this kind. When several
points of agreement are found throughout a
large group — especially if convergent from the
various starting-points — the suspicion of the
plants having inherited these points from a
common ancestor becomes enhanced.
The evidence afforded by embryology — the
study of animals and plants literally ab ovo —
has revealed the fact of the identity of appear-
ance up to a certain period of the members of
the great groups of animals and plants. Agas ■
siz, having forgotten to ticket the embryo of some
vertebrate animal, could not tell even whether
it was that of a beast, a bird, or a reptile — it
might have been either ; and so when we find
during the progress of development that indi-
viduals of different species go through the same
stages, that fact furnishes strong presumptive
evidence that they started from a common origin.
By way of illustration, we may say that the
Apple and the Pear, which are so different
in the adult stage that no one confounds them,
are at first identical in conformation, and go
through the same stages, so that up to a certain
point it would be impossible, in the absence of
previous knowledge, to say which was which.
Such a fact as this furnishes very strong pre-
sumption that Apples and Pears are offshoots
from one primitive stock.
The evidence afforded by fossils has hitherto
not helped us much in the construction of pedi-
grees ; the record at present is too imperfect
for more than a few wide but none the less im-
portant generalisations, still the existence of
certain well defined groups of plants as far back
as the Coal Measures should serve a double
purpose — of confirming the notion of the exist-
ence of ancestors, and of checking reckless
speculation upon imperfect evidence.
Accurate comparison, then, of large numbers
of living plants in all their stages, but more
especially during their embryonic condition,
comparative investigations into their minute
anatomy, into the reversions, deviations, and
" sports " they exhibit, furnish us with the
reasonable hope of unravelling piece by piece
the tangled genealogical web of existing plants.
The evidence we have at present from these
sources, though doubtless considerable, is a
mere nothing as compared with the require-
ments of the case. And this is the point upon
which we differ from Mr. Grant Allen. His
book on Flowers and their Pedigrees has, in
truth, suggested these remarks. We consider
that much gratitude is due to Mr. Allen for
the attractive way in which he has put the case
before the unscientific public, not only in this
but in others of his publications. He has, we
venture to say, opened up a new world of interest
and thought for the general reader, who would
be deterred by the more carefully worded and
necessarily more technical language of a Darwin
or a Huxley. Even Peter Bell might be
induced by Mr. Allen to see that a Primrose
offers for study a page of history — a most in-
teresting one, too ; and the truth of Edward
Forbes' dictum, that the ways of a periwinkle
are of more importance to the world than the
march of an Alexander, become apparent to
many minds who previously would have looked
on that statement merely as a daring paradox
or something worse. But Mr. Allen draws his
inferences from much too limited a number
of facts, and puts down as fact much that is
at present merely speculation. Strangely devoid
of scientific caution, he seems never to be
troubled with doubts or hesitations : he talks
glibly of reversions, consolidations, advances,
degenerations, and the like. So far as we can
see, and for aught Mr. Allen tells us, the facts
may in many cases be susceptible of precisely
the opposite interpretation to that which he
gives. Indeed, looking at the matter from the
point of view of the progressive development
of the flower, it seems to us that Mr. Allen has
occasionally a marked faculty of putting the cart
before the horse. We sympathise with his effort,
and we can often go with him so far as our very
limited knowledge of comparative morphology
and anatomy go ; but directly this personal
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. — Vecf.mhkv. i, 18S3.
Fig. 126.— HKi.LtiioKus nicer var. altifolius, hort. (see p. 6S6.)
694
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[DECliMBER I, IS83.
knowledge fails us, and we have lo trust to
Mr. Grant Allen, we find much bare
assertion and only scanty evidence that the
speculative views he propounds are based upon
any actual study, on a sufficiently comprehen-
sive scale, of how things come about. It may
be true what he says— we know some of it is,
and we fear some of it is not. In any case we
require to see the vouchers— not for one or
two cases only, but for the whole series of so-
called facts which Mr. Allen takes as his
premises. As materials for discussion Mr.
Allen's remarks are valuable. He should
nail them up in some academie hall for the
criticism of his fellows, not impose them as
gospel upon a public not competent to judge in
the matter.
The Week. — The Chrysanlhemum is to
bloom all the year round. In a new restaurant,
not a hundred yards from the Temple, the decorative
panels, made by Messrs. DouLTON, represent named
varieties of Chrysanthemum. The effect is good, but
certainly the flowers, as exhibited, would not gain
First-class Certificates, although, as we learn, the
models were taken from the Temple Gardens. — A
machine has been invented by Mr. II. C. Smith,
which, it is said, solves the problem of cleaning
Rheea fibre so as to render it available for use.
Prizes of ^5000 have been offered by the Indian
Government for such a machine, but hitherto without
avail ; but now, according to a report in the Times,
the treatment of the Rheea plant (Bcehmeria nivea)
has been fully and fairly accomplished. The machine,
it is confidently hoped, will be available for the pre-
paration of the fibre of Fourcroya and other plants,
and if so it will prove of the greatest value in develop-
ing the resources of India in the matter of fibre
plants. — Mr. Fletcher calls attention in the
Journal of the Society of Arts to the value of
Chamserops humilis in rooms lighted with gas, the
injurious effects of which it resists better than most
plants. It is also hardy, or nearly so, out-of doors. —
Mr. Murray's lecture on the Potato fungus gives a
very clear account of the life-history, so far as known,
of the Phytopthora infestans. It will be seen from
the abstract in another page that Mr. Murray reserves
his opinion as to the nature of the resting-spores of
the fungus, considering it not proven that they really
belong to that particular fungus. He shows that the
"sclerotioids " of Mr. A. S. Wilson are masses of
oxalate of lime, and doubts the eflicacy of Mr. Jen-
sen's proposals, concerning which, however, Mr.
Howard reported favourably in our last issue.
Lastly, Mr. Murray insists on the necessity— equally
urgent, whatever view be taken — of destroying the
diseased haulm immediately and thoroughly, so far as
that is practicable. — The death of Mr. J. Eliot
Howard removes from among us one who by his
persistent researches — chemical, botanical, cultural,
and commercial— into the matter of Cinchona will
ever rank among the foremost benefactors to human-
ity.—The death of Mr. J. Fleming, of Cliveden, will
also be considered as a great loss by all who knew
this genial man and excellent gardener. — A corre-
spondent sends us from Hurstmonceaux a spray of
white Lilac in full flower. The tree had been stripped
of its leaves by wind on September 2.
Du MOETIER.— A statue has been erected
at Tournai to the famous Belgian botanist who to
his other qualifications added those of a pomologist.
The Belgian people naturally regarded Dtt Mortier
as a statesman devoted to the interests of his country,
but beyond the frontiers his qualifications as a
botanist were also held in esteem. Not only his
courtesy, but his fire and energy were retained to a
great age. In the herbarium at Brussels is a bust
of the savant, presented by his colleagues in recog-
nition of his services to botanical science and to the
botanic garden at Brussels,
Roadside Trees in Belgium. — In 18S1
there were 871,685 trees along th^ roadsides, of the
estimated value of 10,399,635 fr.
Pampas-grass. — M. H. Vilmorin, m the
Illustration Hoiticole, advises those who wish to use
the panicles for house decoration, to cut them before
they have more than half escaped from their sheaths,
and to dry them. The sheath is then removed and
the panicles dried by fire-heat. All the spikelets un-
fold at once, and preserve their elegant appearance,
The New Bankruptcy Act. — Messrs.
Tanner & Co., 27, Chancery Lane, B.C., are pub-
lishing, at the low price of one penny. The Peoples'
Guide to the N'cw Law of Banhruptcy, by Mr, W,
Berry Greening, a chartered accountant. It is a
valuable exposition of the changes in the law created
by the stringent Act which comes into operation on
January i next, and as such should be read by every
trader,
The E.mperor William at Erfurt. —
We are informed that when the Emperor William
recently visited the horticulturally famous city of
Erfurt, some street decorations of a novel character
were carried out by the well known firm of J, C,
Schmidt, who distributed over 1000 fronds of the
Date Palm (Phcenix dactylifera), each from 6 to S feet
long, among the scholars of the high schools of Erfurt,
who formed a line in one of the principal thorough-
fares and waved the fronds as a salute on the approach
of the Imperial carriage. His Majesty, we are told,
was agreeably surprised at the novel and majestic
character of this demonstration in his honour, and
asked several questions on the subject. These Phcenix
fronds are now largely imported into Germany for
decorative purposes, and were used on a large scale,
made up into various devices, in the decoration of the
principal church at Potsdam for the ceremony of cele-
brating the four hundredth birthday of Martin
Luthek.
The Glasgow and West of Scotland
Horticultural Society's Spring Show will be
held on March 26, 1884,
Fire at Stourbridge,— A fire broke out
on the morning of November 23 at the extensive
mills of Messrs, Webb, seedsmen and millers, of
Wordsley, Stourbridge, It originated in the " smut-
ter " in the flour-mill, and the flames spread with
great rapidity. The neighbouring fire-brigades were
soon on the spot, but it was impossible to check the
flames, and the flour-mill, which produced 1000 sacks
per week, was destroyed, the damage being about
,^10,000. The seed warehouses escaped injury. The
property was fully insured.
Mock Ginger. —The succulent portion of
s'ems of Lettuces which have gone to seed, is an ex-
cellent substitute for preserved ginger when properly
prepared, as we can ourselves bear testimony.
M. J. B.
Zonal Pelargo.nium, Henri Tacoey,—
This should be noted as an excellent flowering variety,
and a good companion lor Vesuvius, It is grown by
Mr, H. B. Smith, at Ealing Dean, for cut flowers,
and he finds it effective. It is one of the most use-
ful crimson flowered zonals we have — good for
ordinary pot-culture, bedding, and exhibition pur-
poses.
Frost in Central India. —It may surprise
many to learn that the chief enemy of Teak in the
Bori Forest (lat. 22° 20') is, according to Dr.
liRANDIs, night frost, which occurs in Dccemb.:r,
January, and February. The seedlings are cut down
annually by the frost, but shoot up again, and when
they have attained a certain height they are able to
resist the frost.
■ Caliphruria subedentata.— This compa-
ratively recent introduction is welcome in its flowering
at this season— or, indeed, at any time — inasmuch as
the flowers possess the purity of the Eucharis, although
wanting in size. Its cultivation and necessary treat-
ment are the same as for the latter, and it is, moreover,
sometimes known under the name of Eucharis, the
difference being only in degree, not in kind. The
foliage is precisely similar, and, like E. Sanderi, it
shows a deviation from the E. grandiflora type in the
ascending or suberect segments of the perianth. The
corona is almost or wholly adnate to the tube (which
is here rather short and nearly erect), leaving the
dilated bases of the stamens free. These stamens are
obsoletely toothed on the sides or entire, thus showing
a type intermediate between the old Caliphruria Hart-
wegi and the Eucharis proper. The present species,
of which a figure is given in the Botanical Magazine,
t. 62S9, is blooming in the Palm-house at Kew.
The Professorship of Rural Economy
at Oxford -now separated from that of Botany— will
be filled up this month. Cand dates are requested
to send to the Registrar of the University their appli-
cations, and any documents they may wish to submit
to the electors, on or before Monday, the loth inst.
According to the regulations sanctioned by the Court
of Chancery, the Siblhorpian Professor of Rural
Economy shall lecture and give instruction on the
scientific principles of agriculture and forestry. He
shall be entitled to the emolument of ;^200 derived
from the benefaction of Dr. JoiiN Sibthorp, Doctor
of Medicine, and assigned to the professorship. The
Professor holds his ofllce for a period of three years
from election, and no longer. He may be re-elected
for a second period of three years, and no longer ; but
no Professor shall hold the professorship for more than
six years consecutively. The Professor will have the
use of the garden (not the Botanic Garden) appro-
priated for making experiments on the subjects of his
professorship, TJie Professor shall give not less than
twelve lectures in the course of the academical year,
in full term, and not more than two in any one week,
Apiielandra fascinator.— We have in the
small genus of Acanthads to which this belongs, a
wealth of variety, bo.h in the flowers and foliage, that
is at once ornamental and interesting. The present
one resembles A. aurantiaca and A. bullata in the
dwarf stout habit, but has, in addition, its leaves
beautifully marked on the principal veins with silvery-
grey hnes, thus giving it a doubly decorative value.
The greatest drawback, which seems to be common
to them all, is that, unless quickly grown on from
young plants to the flowering state, the older parts of
the stem are apt to lose their leaves and become
naked. The same may be said of many other members
of the order, and notably among the rest the various
species of Thyrsacanthus. The orange-scarlet flowers
are produced in a dense four-sided spike, and con-
tinue expanding their flowers from the base upwards
for some considerable time. It is figured in the
Illustration Horlicok, 3 ser., t. 164, and specimens
are flowering in the stove at Kew.
Ipomcea Hoesfallle alba. — We have
received from Messrs. Ireland & Thomson, of
20, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh, a specimen of a very
handsome seedling Ipomoea in the way of I. Hors-
ftllk-e. It is a climber, with rough purplish stems
and bold 3-foIiolate leaves, the leaflets almost leathery
in texture, bright green, glabrous, oblong, or oblong-
lanceolate. From the axils of the leaves emerge
flower-stalks, which divide into two or three pedicels,
each terminated by large trumpet-shaped white
flower 2i inches across. As we hope to give an
illustration of this very striking plant we defer further
comment.
Botanical Institute of LiiiGE. — Some
time since we had occasion to speak of the deplorable
state into which some of the foreign botanical gardens
had fallen. This week we have the pleasure of calling
attention to some facts of a different character, and
which prove thit, in Belgium at least, the importance
of these institutions is duly recognised. At Liege
great works have been for some time in hand, under
the energetic direction of Professor MORREN. The
new works, consist of two groups of buildings separated
by a wide terrace. One group is devoted to lecture-
rooms, museums, laboratories, herbaria, and other
accessories necessary for the instruction of a large
number of students, and for the prosecution of
original research. A large Palm-house, with four
other erections, and an additional erection the counter-
part of the Palm-stove, contain a large collection of
living plants. In the left wing are buildings
containing the museum of economic botany, the
library, and physiological laboratory. Numerous
other greenhouses and aquaria, and a rockery
for alpine plants, occupy a lower level. The
official opening of the new buildings took place
on Saturday last, with the usual ceremonial j and
considering that the Ministers of State and other
officials had to take part in the inauguration, not
only of the new buildings at the botanic garden, but
of an institute devoted to the study and applications
of electricity, and to another devoted to pharmacy, as
well as in the inspection of the works in progress
for the corresponding institutes of anatomy, phy-
siology, and zoology respectively, it will be readily
understood, not only that the University of Liege
may well be proud of the advances being made to
December i,
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
695
further the "higher studies," but that they had well
earned the magnificent banquet with which the pro-
ceedings terminated. We shall have another oppor-
tunity of adverting to the botanic garden, but in the
meanwhile we may congratulate Bel|;ium on the
public spirit manifested in the development of her
university system. Liuge has now, it appears, 1400
students, while within the memory of one of its
Professors there were but 240. It was only last
spring that we were privileged to tal(e part in a
similar ceremony at the University of Ghent, so that
it is abundantly clear that Belgium recognises the
fact that if she is to maintain her prosperity she
must dcvelope to the utmost that instruction in the
principles and applications of science, upon which
the welfare of humanity pre-eminently depends.
The Surveyors' Institution.— " The
Agricultural Holdings Act, 1S83," is the title of the
paper to be read by Mr. J. \V. Willis Bund at the
meeting on Monday next.
Salvias. — No one seeing the rather pretty
collection of these at the Westminster Aquarium on
the occasion of the Hackney Chrysanthemum So-
ciety's Show, could fail to be impressed with the
usefulness of such brilliant-hued flowers in our con-
servatories and other plant structures during the dull
time of the year. In spite of their brightness, they
suffered somewhat by being placed in too close
proximity to some great bunches of scarlet and pink
zonal Pelargoniums, the colours of which dimmed the
rays of the S.alvias. This, by the way, is an error in
arrangement not unfrequently observed in the stands
of florists' flowers at shows. The exhibitors are so con-
vinced of the exceeding beauty of their particular pro-
ductions that theyfail to perceive that the flowers would
show themselves off a great deal better by the use of
some foliage other than that afi'orded by the plant
from which the blooms are cut. In the summer exhi-
bitions this is perhaps the less noticeable, as then the
blooms are not cut from plants in pots but from
those growing in the open borders whose foliage is
more abundant ; at least, that may be taken as the rule.
In colours we have azure-blue in S. Pitcher! and S.
angustifolia, the latter flower being less compact,
which is rather an advantage for a cut flower, espe-
cially suited for glasses ; white and rose in S. Belheli,
a sort that his pleasing foliage ; Apple-scented
magenta-coloured blooms in S. rutilans. S. splen-
dens is a sort well known, and if properly treated is
a good kind for autumn flowering, as are also the
whole of those named above. S. gesneriflora should
not be relied on for this season, as its proper time is
late winter and spring. These kinds associate well
with light-coloured and white Chrysanthemums,
white Tree Carnations, and Camellias. We want
something as deep in colour as S. patens for autumn
flowering, blue not being a colour at all common
among autumn-flowering plants.
Japanese Chrysanthemum Boule d'Or.
— This may be set down as one of the best and most
distinct of recently introduced varieties. It forms
flowers of the shape of a large incurved ball of broad
ribbon like florets of pure gold, and it is an exceed-
ingly fine exhibition variety. It does not appear to be
generally cultivated, and perhaps it is not so well
known as it deserves to be. It was foremost in a col-
lection of cut blooms of Japanese Chrysanthemums
shown by Mr. J. Harman, gr. to F. Capps, E<q.,
Crown Point, Ealing, at a recent Chrysanthemum
exhibition held at Ealing Uean. Thunberg and F. A.
Davis were also very fine indeed. This young gar-
dener grows one of the best exhibitions of Chrysan-
themums seen in this district, which contains not a
few successful cultivators.
Market Pelargoniums. — At this time of
the year, when in the open all Nature is so dull,
dirtj', and lugubrious, it is scarcely possible to find,
as far as colour is concerned, a warmer contrast than
is seen on entering one of the long broad houses at
Messrs. Hawkins & Bennett's place at Twicken-
ham. There suddenly bursts upon the vision a vast
expanse of brilliant scarlet that it would be hard to
excel, even in the height of summer. The house,
divided into three compartments, is a very broad
lean-to, and the plants arranged in lines along the
narrow shelves of the stage that run through the
length of the house may be counted by thousands.
All the plants just now are in 6o's, and as such are
not marketed, but are yielding up bloom which is
daily gathered and sent to town in bunches, thus
furnishing that brilliant hue which is so much more
acceptable in the dull winter season than at any
other time, Presently these myriads of plants will be
shifted into the regulation 48's, and then, well esta-
blished, will go to market themselves, finding a
bourne from whence none return. To shift these
now would be suicidal, as far as the bloom is con-
cerned, because leaf and wood would be developed at
the expense of flower. The favoured Vesuvius still
remains the most largely grown kind, but others are
being slowly introduced, market growers having to
proceed with caution. When they get a good thing
they know how to stick to it, and proceed to exchange
it for other kinds but slowly. Thus Madame Vaucher
has for years been grown by thousands as the best
white, especially for the winter production of bloom ;
but Cannell's Eureka is being found even better, and
its stout stems and purer blooms, freely produced in
the winter, will certainly ensure its extensive cultiva-
tion. Master Christine, in like manner, bids fair to
be ousted by other good pinks ; but in the double
section of that colour it will be hard to beat Madame
Thibaut. The stock throughout — not least, the
Maidenhair Ferns — is in first-rate form. In a large
span-house recently erected the system of top-
heating by means of 2-inch pipes is introduced with
great success. The place is always well worthy a
visit.
Orchids in the City. — At Messrs. Pro-
THEROE & Morris' Rooms, on Tuesday morning,
there was a very pretty display of flowering Orchids,
and at the subsequent sale full values seemed to be
realised. Odontoglossum hebraicum sold for ^9 ; a
very pretty form of O. blandum for ^6 15^.; a good
ordinary variety of O. Alexandra was knocked
down for £,<) <)s. ; a nicely spotted form for 15
guineas ; and a strongly grown, good form, with
a very fine spike of flowers, fell to a bid for 29
guineas.
A Rara Avis. — A specimen of white spar-
row, known as Passer domesticus, was shot a few
days ago at Pattingham, near Wolverhampton. It was
prettily marked brown and white, the latter prepon-
derating, and has been entrusted to a taxidermist for
preservation.
The Weather. — General remarks on the
temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine,
for agricultural and sanitary purposes, during the
week ending Nov. 26, issued by the Meteorological
Oliiice, London : — The weather during this period
has been very changeable and unsettled, intervals of
clear sky having alternated with frequent, and in
some places heavy, falls of rain, hail, or sleet. In
several parts of the kingdom thunderstorms have been
experienced. The temperature has been about equal
to, or slightly below, the mean over Ireland and in
the east of Scotland, but above it elsewhere, the
excess in " England, S.," being as great as 4°. The
maxima were generally recorded on the 25th, and
varied from 50° in " Ireland, N.," and 51° in " Scot-
land," to 57° in "England, E.," and 58° in "Eng-
land, S." The minima, which was registered at most
stations on the 23d, ranged from 30° in "Scotland,
E.,"and "England, E.," to 35° in "England, S.W. ,"
The rainfall has been less than the mean in " Eng-
land, N.E.," but more in all other districts. In all
the more western and south-western parts of the
country the excess has been considerable. Bright
sunshine shows a slight increase in most places, the
percentages of possible duration varying from 26° in
"England, E ," to 41° in "England, N.E." De-
pressions observed. — The barometer in all the more
northern parts of our area has been influenced by
several large and important depressions, which have
travelled in an easterly or north-easterly direction off
our extreme northern coasts, while some small sub-
sidiary disturbances have passed eastwards over the
United Kingdom and the North Sea. In the south
of France pressure has been comparatively hi^h and
steady. S. to S.W. and W. winds have consequently
prevailed over our islands, and, though generally
moderate to fresh, have occasionally risen to the force
of a gale.
Gardening Appoint.ments. — Mr. Peter
Newton, Foreman, Callander Park, Falkirk, as
Gardener to Michael Benny, Esq., Denny, Stir-
lingshire.
j4o/v1E "pORREgPOJ^DE^IC^:.
Tomatos at Reading— Glamorgan Tomato.—
Permit me to correct an error which has crept into the
interesting article you publish on these at p. 655.
Clamorgan is said to be the name of a Tomato raised
at Margam Park ; but we have no claim to this
honour, as it belongs (o my friend, Mr. Crossling, for
many years the much-respected gardener at St.
Pagan's Castle, near Cardill, and now of the Penarth
Nurseries. I have, however, shown this Tomato
frequently, and grown it rather extenbivcly for several
years, and I must say it is in my opinion the best
and most prolific open-air Tomato I have ever seen.
In a summer like the one just gone, when Tomatos
generally in the open air were all but failures, the
Glamorgan was a perfect success, producing large
clusters of fine Iruit, which ripened freely in September
and October. In its home at St. Fagan's this
Tomato used to be a wonder. Mr, Crossling culti-
vated some of it in a long Peach-like case, and scores
of plants were trained up the back wall, and the
6 feet and 8 feet long stems to be seen here were one
entire mass of beautiful fruit, many of which I have
seen cut and weighing 14 oz. each. On the true
variety the fruits are never "corrugated," but only
slightly ribbed. I do not know the seed firm of
Messrs. Stewart & Co., Nice, and I cannot under-
stand why they should be so much interested in this
Tomato as to send it to any one for trial. It was the
late Messrs. Osborn, of Fulham, who sent it out, and
I cannot help thinking, that if trials of the kind are
to be useful and reliable the utmost care should be
taken to have the stock from the original source,
y. Muir^ Mat\Qam Park, Glaniorgansliirc.
In the account of "Tomatos in the open
ground at Reading," p. 655, allusion is made to
the above Tomato, which is said by " R. D." to
have been raised by Mr. Muir, of Margam Park,
and sent on trial by Messrs. Stuart & Co. The
description given in no way tallies with the variety
Glamorgan raised by me, nor with the specimens
exhibited by my friend Mr. Muir, in London,
Edinburgh, and elsewhere, from seed with which I
had the pleasure of supplying him. If ' ' R. D." will
refer to his own note on "A Trial of Tomatos," p.
650, Nov. 18, 18S2, he will there find that he spoke
of it as "Glamorgan, a variety raised by Mr. Cross-
ling, and recently distributed by Messrs. Osborn &
Son, and is represented by a very fine and prolific
Tomato ; very large, a strong grower, the fruit some-
what ribbed ; crops freely alike in the open and
against a wall." This correctly describes the variety,
and suflices to show the distinctness and value of the
sort in question ; and I might not have troubled to
remind your valued correspondent as to its raiser had
I not considered it a loss to the public as well as to
myself, to have a seemingly worthless variety sent for
trial with the same name that my Tomato has been
distributed under for three years, first by the lamented
firm of Osborn, and subsequently by myself. Ralph
Crossling^ Penarth Niuseries.
A Pilgrimage to Drayton Beauchamp. —
Being in the neighbourhood, I determined to visit
the above place. Having found the beautiful seques-
tered churchyard, looking round I saw several new
graves, and soon found the one I wanted without a
guide. I knew it by the number of winter and autumn
Crocuses just peeping through the soil, placed there
by loving hands that well knew the flower he most
loved. I stood by the grave of the Rev. Henry
Harpur-Crewe. A better, kinder, or more un-
assuming man never lived. I could not help
exclaiming : —
" Pass with thy flowers, old friend,
Ere the autumn shadow lengthens ;
Pass where life hath no end ;
Rest in the hope that strengthens.
Safe where there's no to-morrow,
Safe where no change can come ;
Ours be the blank and the sorrow
As we stand by the empty home,"
Being about to leave the place, I was accosted by a
venerable old man, who said, "Vou stand by the
grave of a good man, sir ; I have known him twenty-
three years ; every one in his parish loved him. lie
never made an enemy or lost a friend. We shall
never see his like again. In Christ he sleeps the
sleep of peace till Christ himself shall wake him at
the Resurrection. We always said if he died among
us we would bury him in flowers, and so we did, for
we filled his grave." Turning away, I wended my
way to his empty home to take a last look
at the garden he loved. What a change was there !
The beds and borders, once so brilliant with
thousands of flowers, and containing many of Nature's
rarest gems, were turned over and trampled down.
Seeing two or three men on their knees, with small
forks carefully turning over the soil and picking up
696
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[December i, 1883.
the smallest bulbs and folding them in paper, carefully
placing them in baskets, I asked an old man, who I
found had been gardener there many years, if he knew
where the rare collection of Snowdrops were grown.
"Oh, yes, sir; many of them grew in that round
bed, and some in the pits. Galanthus virescens grew
there, but it is gone ; it was more valued by Mr.
Harpur-Crewe than any plant he had, and he never
parted with a bulb. I am glad it is gone where it
wil! be taken care off." He also pointed to one small
round bed, saying, "That was the last bed made, and
Mr. Crewe was to have planted it with some new
Crocuses he had got four days before he died, but was
not able to get out, so it lies empty." I am glad to
say this grand collection of plants has gone to augment
one of the richest collections in the country, which I
believe is not now surpassed, if equalled. Thus ended
my last visit to Drayton Beauchamp. Iberia,
Chrysanthemum Triomphe de Chalets. — I
thought this a Japanese variety of singular form when
I saw it for the first time at Birmingham last week.
I wonder if it is easy of culture and useful to grow in
a private establishment ? Perhaps some of your readers
would answerthe question. R. Frasevy The Upper
Hall Gardens^ Ledluiry^ Herefordshire.
Fuchsia exoniensis and corallina. — Two points
chiefly seem to have been raised in the discussion
going on in your columns respecting the Fuchsias
exoniensis and corallina, namely (l), Is the latter a
scarce, little known variety ? and (2), Do the two
names belong to one and the same plant ? Some of
the remarks made concerning these would seem to
give an affirmative reply to both questions, but I
believe it would be quite erroneous to arrive at these
conclusions. As to the first point I can of my own
knowledge bear witness that F, corallina has been a
common garden plant in the metropolitan district any
time during the last quarter of a century — probably
much longer, being known sometimes under its true
name, corallina, and in other cases under the perverted
one of Caroline, as has been already mentioned by
some of your correspondents. Then is it the same as
exoniensis ? My recollection of exoniensis as a plant
is not so clear, but how any one comparing the figure
in your pages of corallina with the original plate of
exoniensis in Paxton's Magazine of Botany — a most
natural looking drawing, and, as I believe, quite
faithful — can have any doubt of their dissimilarity I
cannot imagine, for it does not require a very close
comparison to see that the tube of the flower in
exoniensis is at least half an inch longer than in coral-
lina— a difference which to my mind is decisive.
That they are of the same class or type of Fuchsia I
have little doubt ; probably the younger is a seedling
from the older, and may have made its way with cul-
tivators as a better bloomer, but of this I cannot
speak positively. F. exoniensis was raised by the late
Mr, Robert T. Pince, of Exeter, and was sent out
about 1842. I have not had sufficient leisure to hunt
up the history of F. corallina, but I find it in the
catalogue for 1S51 issued by Messrs. Jackson & Son,
of Kingston. F. corallina as a Fuchsia of the olden
type, and as a thoroughly good hardy kind, de-
serves all that has been said in its praise. T, Moore^
Chelsea.
If Mr. William Heale, or any other corre-
spondent, will be so good as to put me in the way of
getting the plant they knew thirty years ago under
this name, I shall be very much obliged. R, Trivin
Lynch^ Botanic Garden^ Cambridge.
Adiantum farleyense. — This, which is justly
recognised as the queen among Ferns, deserves to
have every attention bestowed upon it, for whether
grown in small pots for table decoration or as large
specimens, it is a most beautiful and pleasing plant.
Sometimes great difficulty is experienced in growing
it to that size which gives it a massive appearance and
brings out its full beauty, but this is generally owing
to a mistaken idea that it requires a choice and speci-
ally prepared compost to grow it in. We have been
able to grow it very successfully in the following
manner : — We simply use two parts stiff red turfy
loam, using it fresh, just after the grass has decayed,
shaking out the soil so as to render it open and
spongy, and one part of charcoal, broken to about the
size of a hen's egg for large specimens, and smaller in
proportion to the size of the plants. Full grown
specimens require repotting annually in March, after
which they ought to be watered sparingly round the
crown until they commence to grow. When the pots
are full of roots stable liquid-manure should be applied
three times a week. R, Eraser.
Tenants' Fixtures.— The inquiry of "Tenant,"
p. 632, has been replied to by your correspondent,
Mr. B. W. Warhurst, in a very lucid manner in your
last week's issue, the point turning greatly upon
whether the houses have been used for business
purposes or not, as there explained. I have occa-
sionally been consulted on the building of glasshouses
by tenants who had not the trade privilege of removal
of " fixtures," and have always recommended a light
wall-plate, bedded as usual in mortar, to which a
second plate can be attached with bolts and nuts,
believing this to leave the house lawfully movable by
a tenant, who could not otherwise remove the frame-
work of any structure attached to brickwork, concrete,
or walling of any description. In the matter of
boiler, I have seen no way in which a serviceable one
set in brickwork can be removed, but of course there
are several forms of joints now in use that allow of
removal of the attached piping by the tenants on the
expiry of lease or otherwise. Ralph Crossling.
Chou de Burghley. — Although there are adverse
opinions regarding the qualities of this vegetable after
another season's trial I believe it will become a general
favourite. With some a misapprehension exists ; they
imagine that after the Cabbage is cut it will produce
a Broccoli I which is, of course, quite a mistake. Its
chief point of merit is its much hardier constitution
than most of the winter vegetables. By successional
sowings it can be had in season from early autumn
till spring. It hearts like a firm Sugarloaf Cabbage,
with the flavour of a Broccoli when cooked. With us
it has proved a success, and, with few exceptions,
every plant hearted well. Oxonian.
I, like your correspondent, Mr. Hart, fail to
see any special merit in Gilbert's Chou de Burghley,
or Cabbage Broccoli, as it was named. Having a rather
large family to provide for, and being anxious to
furnish them with a succession of vegetables daily, I
was induced to buy a packet of seed, and have now a
large flat of mixed coarse Cabbages, which our cook
says are not to be compared with the old London
Colewort, or the sprouts of the summer Cabbage,
but I intend keeping some of them until the spring,
thinking I may be rewarded with a few Cabbage
Broccoli. W, Driver, Siandish House, Stonchouse,
Gloucester.
This does not appear likely to solve the
great problem (as its raiser stated it would do)
of pleasing everybody. I have had my doubts
about it ever since I planted out the first batch
in early spring. It had too much of the Cabbage
growth about it to hide a Broccoli in its heart, I cut
open and examined a good few, still no Broccoli, yet
some were white and bursting open. I have another
batch fit for use from seed sown on June 16, and have
come to the conclusion that it is a Cabbage, and nothing
more. Vet it has a different appearance from other
sorts of Cabbage, though hardly so good when cooked.
I have not tried the cooking qualities of that now fit
for use. I shall grow it no more as a summer vege-
table, there being so many things better at that season.
It will be as a winter Cabbage that I shall try it in
future. A, f. Sanders.
I have grown this fine vegetable for the first
time this season, and find it excellent in quality, better
flavoured than any Cabbage or Sprout I know, not
excepting even the dwarf growing Coleworts. I quite
agree with "W. W." (p. 666), that it still requires a
good deal of " roguing " before it becomes fixed in
character, but notwithstanding this defect it will win
its way to favour wherever choice flavoured vegetables
are in demand. Alex. Miller, Rood Ashton Park
Gardens^ Wilts,
I send you a specimen of our Chou de
Burghley. I am very much surprised to hear that
some of your correspondents cannot get it to heart ;
they surely cannot put any powder in the land.
Some also say they have no Broccoli inside. Surely
they cannot expect them to heart if they cut them
before the time. Let them stop until March, and
then they will find a small Broccoli inside each one.
If your correspondent, " W. W.," will cook Chou de
Burghley as it was done at the committee meeting —
viz,,*boil it one hour and twenty minutes— he will
find it on a par with the sample he tasted in London.
It is simply impossible for it to be otherwise. R,
Gilbert, Burghley.
Horse Radish Cultivation. — We seem to be
sending large sums of money yearly to the Dutch
and the Germans for our Horse Radish, which
might very well be kept at home. What are our
growers about ? There is doubtless some reason for
our importing early Potatos, Peas, Asparagus, and
saladings from warmer climates than our own, but
Horse Radish can hardly be catalogued as tender,
and its season extends the whole year through. If
the foreigner required it, would he send hundreds of
miles for it when he could produce it himself? I
think not. Beyond sending Grapes from southern
vineyards and walls, Oranges, Figs, and a few, very few
early vegetables from South to North, the foreigner
does not send the products of the garden or the field
any long distance for his own consumption. If he
does not or cannot produce an article he goes without
it in the greater number of cases. If we Englishmen
import a goodly portion of our beef, there can be no
reason why we should not do the same in the case of
Horse Radish ? Its price here at the present moment
is due doubtless to its comparative scarcity. If I
require a stick I must pay for it at the rate of Zd, per
pound, or 74^. St/, per cwt. This price is prepos-
terous, and I don't know any other culinary article
that realises anything like so high a figure in the
retail shops. The market value is of course much
less, but yet dreadfully high for an article of general
consumption. There must be considerable stretches
of deep sandy land, alluvial deposits near the mouths
and banks of streams, and others which, with some
effective system of drainage, could be made very suit-
table for its cultivation. Deep culture, although it is
the best way to secure paying results, is not all-
essential. I have seen first-rate produce got from
land that was well manured, and then thrown into
low ridges like those for Celery, and the sets planted
in the middle of the ridge, l^ to 2 feet deep. This
method almost doubles the depth of the staples, gives
plenty of room for the plants, and affords an easy
means of flooding the land with water or liquid-
manure. The land being thus laid up in ridges,
there is much less difficulty in getting the roots out
than when it is grown in the usual muddling way.
The trenches between the ridges would accommodate
various crops, such as French Beans, Marrows,
Gourds, Cucumbers, that do not mind a little shade,
or they could be used for the propagation of small
fruits, the ridges would not be. disturbed, for digging
out the Horse Radish crop under a lapse of two
years. The ridges may be made singly, 3 feet wide
at the base, which distance leaves them as much
apart at the apex, or the space of two ridges may be
utilised for one, so that the land would look like
an Asparagus-bed. Where space is no object, I
incline to the former mode. M.
The Phylloxera Laws in Holland.— In the
session of the Second Chamber of the Dutch States-
General of November 23 last the proposal to give adhe-
sion to the Berne Phylloxera Convention of 1S81 came
on for discussion, and after a warm debate was carried
by the House by sixty votes to six. In the session of
November 27 of the same House a second law was
discussed, by which the execution of the former law
was to be done by Royal decree. This law was also
carried by fifty-six votes against one, but with the
restriction that after two years' practice the Royal
decree will have to be sanctioned by the law. Both
laws have now, before being presented to the King
for His Majesty's sanction, to pass the First Chamber
of the States-General, which is called to meet on
November 29, and where without doubt these laws
will be soon put as the order. J. H. Krelage^
Haarlem, Nov. 27.
Bonapartea stricta.— There is at present in the
Palm-stove here a good specimen of this plant in
flower. It seems to be so very rare an occurrence for
any of the Bonaparteas to flower in this country that
I think this instance is worthy of record. The plant
is growing in an il-inch pot; it has never flowered
before, and is eighteen or twenty years old. The
bole of the plant measures 22 inches in circumference,
and the Rush-like leaves average from iS to 20 inches
in length. The flower-stem rises to a height of 8^ feet^
ofthat 6 feet are furnished with flowers of a greenish-
white, about the size of those of a single Hyacinth ;
the stamens are double the length of the flower, of a
purple colour, tipped with yellow, and the anthers
three-quarters of an inch long. There are upwards
of 400 flowers on the stem. B. juncea was flowered by
Mr. Mackie, Lea Park, Morayshire, N.B., in August,
1S79 — that is the only one I am aware of having
flowered. I shall be glad of any information with
regard to this plant, and whether it will be of any
use hereafter. Geo. Harris, Arle Court Gardens^
Cheltenham, Nov. 26.
Sweet Scabious. — I can fully endorse all "J. S."
has said as regards this plant. I have at the present
time some examples in 32-sized pots from seed sown
at the end of May in 4S's, and potted on into 32's,
leaving five plants in each pot. It is very useful as a
pot plant for decoration, or for supplying cut flowers ;
but it lacks the one thing needful — a pleasing odour.
I have given them liberal treatment, and there seems
to be no lack of flower-buds. I cut down two plants
nearly to the pot when they were some 18 inches high,
and I think they will answer well, having broke away
strong, and are showing flower. A. J. S.
The Jensenian Method of Potato Culture. —
I am pleased to observe some one has ventured upon
a trial of high-moulding as a preventive measure
against the Potato disease, and that the result has
been satisfactory as far as it went. I can confidently
assure Mr. Howard that if he had high-moulded his
trial row of Potatos before any disease spots at all
appeared he would most likely have found six instead
of sixty diseased tubers. Some experiments performed
by myself during the past season here had the effect
of convincing the gardeners in whose gardens the
experiments were made that Mr. Jensen is right as
far as practice goes, however far he may be wrong
theoretically. It is very hard to give up belief in old-
established views, whether they be concerning the
December i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
697
heterxcism of Uredines, the life history of lichens, or
the physiology of the Peronospora. But if our old
beliefs are wrong they must sooner or later give place
to what is true. Nothing is really gained by ridiculing
the views of those who differ from us, beyond the
acclamation of the multitude. If ridicule had possessed
any power of controlling the belief of the thoughtful,
who to-day would have been a believer in evolution ?
Until two years ago I had the most mistaken belief
that all ?otatos became diseased by the mycelium of
the Peronospora travelling down the haulm to the
tubers ; nothing was further from my previous notions
on this point than that the spores could pierce the
skin of the tubers, and thus directly infect them.
Experiment convinced me last year that the latter is,
however, true ; actual observation this year has con-
vinced me that the former is not the way that Potatos
become diseased. It was my intention to have com-
municated some of my observations on these points to
the last meeting of the Scientific Committee of the
Royal Horticultural Society, but from a mistake in
the date on which it was held I failed to do so. These
observations must be reserved for a future occasion.
Charles B. Ploiuright, 7, Kin^ Street, A'ln^'s Lynn,
Nov. 25.
There can be no doubt that the earthing-up of
Potatos is often, although not always, followed by
good results. Potatos earlhed-up are obviously more
free from the many injuries that Putatos partly exposed
are liable to. This fact has been so long known that
it is mere waste of time to advert to it at any length.
Mr. Jensen, however, makes a great mistake in sup-
posing that earthing-up prevents the Peronospora
spores reaching and piercing the tuber. He is alto-
gether at sea in this part of the question. The sub-
ject of earthing-up was exhausted in a paper by Dr.
Jeffrey Lang in the Journal of the Royal Agricul-
tural Society for 1S58, No. xli. He experimented to
the full depth of a spade or fork, and double
ploughed, the Potato plants being early earthed-up.
"Another and most unexpected result was also
obtained," says Dr. Lang; "few or none of the
Potatos so grown were diseased." He also gives the
case of a grower who **on dry days, in order to
save his Potatos, instead of digging them up, made
the earth very fine, earthed the stalks up very high,
and saved his crop most effectually." Elsewhere,
Dr. Lang says his "results were wondrous." He
ends the article by writing " Earthing-up repeatedly
with fine earth is the only effectual preventive to the
ravages of the disease." Readers interested in the
earthing-up system should refer to this paper.
W. G. S.
Treatment of Begonia Tubers. — Supposing
that these have been dug up from the open ground,
or shaken out of the soil, jf grown in pots, without
cleaning them over carefully, they should be laid out
to dry partially in a sunny greenhouse that has a
slight heat from the hot-water pipes day and night,
with sufficient ventilation to allow the moisture to
find its way to the outside. Here they may be spread
out on the staging till the adherent soil can be rubbed
off, and they have parted with some of their moisture,
but not so long that shrivelling has commenced.
The stems will have been cut off on removal from
the ground, but their bases will still remain in the
tuber, and will shrink during the drying, but not
enough usually to cause it to fall out, and it is better
removed with the point of a knife, or rotting will be
apt to attack the bulb. When sufficiently dry that
all the mould can be gently removed, the tubers may
be packed in dry sand in boxes, and put in a safe
cool room. A/.
Violet Marie Louise. — This is one of the best
of all autumn and winter flowering Violets, and so
easy of cultivation that any one with a spare pit or
frame may have a plentiful supply of its fragrant
flowers from September to April. Ours are blooming
most profusely. As the weather is still so open and
free from frost, the lights are kept off all day, and
just put on last thing at night. I think a word in
praise of this Violet will be most acceptable to all
lovers of the flower. Thos. Ga/nelt, Rounds, Devon-
tort.
Late Peas. — Your correspondent is labouring
under a misapprehension if he thinks, as he seems to
do in p. 665, that I was advocating the discarding of
that excellent late Pea, Ne Plus Ultra. I simply
recorded the fact that with us this season British Queen
was superior to that variety as a late Pea, in carrying
a heavier crop and also continuing longer in bearing
under exactly the same conditions — two very im-
portant points in the month of October, which
in my opinion deserved a fair trial for it from
those who are expected to produce a good
supply of Peas as late in that month as possible.
Since writing the article referred to I had occasion to
visit the gardens at Knowle Hill, Cobham, and was
pleased to see British Queen largely grown there for a
late supply and spoken very highly of by Mr. Welsh,
the head gardener at that place. Your correspondent's
system of confining himself so much to the sowing of
one variety from late March up to the end of Mny
seems to me to be anything but a good one, as some
varieties are more iniluenced by the weather than
others, and none more so than Veitch's Perfection —
one of the very best in a warm and moist summer,
but the last sort to depend upon in a dry one, as I
h:ive known many instances of its not growing much
mrjre than a foot high in a hot and dry season and
producing next to no crop, while by its side Ilunting-
dunian, Emperor of the Marrows, and Laxton'b
Supreme did well and bore excellent crops, so that it
is not a very wise thing to trust all one's eggs in one
basket for fear of a smash. //. Henderson,
Cuprcssus macrocarpa. — Referring to the notes
that have lately appeared as to the merits of this
Cypress, may I be allowed to testify to its extreme
beauty as seen growing at Bournemouth, in which
town and neighbourhood it is grown niore extensively
than any other shrub, not even excepting the Euony-
mus and Tamarisk, two other maritime shrubs — at
least one may thus classify them if their great luxuri-
ance in such positions be accepted as the standpoint.
In the churchyard at Talbot village, about 3 miles
from Bournemouth, there is an avenue of Cupressus
macrocarpa, consisting of the most perfect specimens
that it is possible to imagine. The plants are about
18 feet high and 6 feet through, and perfectly fur-
nished with branches from top to bottom. If there is
a fault about them it is that they have been too severely
clipped to keep them symmetrical, though perhaps
their position — each side of the path leading into the
church, and the small distance between each plant —
renders close clipping a necessity. There is another
avenue of them in St. Peter's churchyard, which is in
the very centre of Bournemouth, and as seen here their
appropriateness — mute-like appearance — for cemetery
planting cannot fail to strike even those that care least
about such matters. I ought to add that the plant
seems equally at home in full exposure to the sea as it
does in sheltered places a mile away from it. W. IK
Cabbage Variations. — Some outcry has been
made from time to time about an undue amount of
variation in these vegetables, the writers seeming to
forget that as the particular kind under consideration
was itself only a seedling variation from some older
form, the varietal tendency having been induced by
intentional impregnation from another form of the
same primordial species, or had been brought about
by its surroundings, or by insects, or by the inclina-
tion to variations within certain limits. This
tendency to form variations should teach us not to
expect general uniformity in the characteristics of any
new hybrid, which cannot have had time during,
perhaps, one or two transmutations, to assume a mode
of growth that may be comparatively enduring
There are too many agencies at work for us to expect
any kind of vegetable to become irrevocably fixed,
cross-fertilisation by insects or by wind-blown pollen
being alone sufficient to prevent that, unless the sur-
rounding circumstances were very favourable, and
that is with us an impossibility in our little island,
where so many are engaged in saving seed uf
Cabbages, Turnips, Rape, Broccoli, Kale, &c. Most
gardeners will have noticed variations in Cabbages,
and these are most noticeable in large breadths,
where from the great numbers growing under the
same conditions, some great extremes of variation in
form, texture of leaf, direction of veins and nerves,
sufficient in those the most widely different to give
grounds for supposing they belonged to two different
kinds, and yet the seeds may have been derived from
the same plant, and perhaps from the same capsule.
The flavour and texture of leaf after cooking may
also vary as much as the outward form. I am led
to make these remarks in defence of a good kind of
Cabbage sent out by Mr. Gilbert of Burghley, called
the Chou de Burghley, and which has been
condemned severely by some, whilst it has received
complete praise from others. I can only say that,
owing to the short period of time lapsed since the
sort was originated, there has been too little oppor-
tunity to "fix" it, by assiduously pulling out the
"rogues." M.
Gardenias. — Having seen that the attention of
some of your readers has lately been given to the
Gardenia, perhaps I may be allowed to state the
manner in which I have several times seen them
brought into flower about Christmas, when they are
highly prized. A batch of plants is cut back about
the beginning of January, and introduced into a brisk
temperature, where they soon break, and are then
repotted. They are afterwards accommodated with a
pit to themselves, where they are grown on rapidly,
and kept heavily syringed to keep them clean.
Liquid manure is given in abundance as soon as the
pots become filled with roots. Towards the end of
August they are covered with buds, when syringing
is discontinued and plenty of air given. In fact we
have occasionally pulled the lights off altogether.
About the end of October they are brought into a
strong heat, and never fail to repay us for the
labour bestowed upon them. Getting Gardenias to
make their growth early, so as to have their buds
well advanced by the autumn, and afterwards plenty
(jf heat, I believe to be the key to their successful
winter flowering. £. C, II.
A Novel Fernery.— As a curious instance of the
changes Time so ollen brings in its train to things
mundane, may be instanced a fernery that is actually
made on a portion of the wall which the Romans
built from the Solway to the North Sea ; so that
what was erected to keep in check the warlike tribes
of Caledonia serves, in this case, the peaceful purpose
of the connoisseur in Ferns. The wall is greatly re-
duced in height, doubtless by frequent pilfering of the
natives in days not so far distant, but when there was
no ArchLeulogical Society to look aflcr these relics of
bygone ages, so that it is now not more than 4 feet
high, and is in a generally dilapidated slate. Kuund
about are many fragment* of coarse earthenware,
which have been dug up close by, also of Roman
handiwork. These have also been made to do duty
as receptacles for Fern growing — a widely different
purpose for these pipkins — I beg pardon, amphorae —
than that for which the rough potters made them.
This novel fernery is to be seen at Benwell, near
Newcastle, the residence of J. W. Pease, Esq. M,
PLANT PORTRAITS.
Amaryllis crocata, Gawler ; Saunders, in Rejug.
Sot., t. 358. — Flowers triangular in outline, segments
pointed, dull cinnabar-red with a central yellow blotch.
Brazil.
Anticlea Fremonti, Torrey ; Baker, in Reftig.
Bot,, t. 354. — A Californian bulbous plant with
lanceolate leaves and panicled cymes of greenish-
yellow star-shaped flowers, each about i inch across.
Aster hispidus. Baker, Refitg. Bot., t. 342. —
Cape herbaceous perennial, with oblanceolate leaves
and solitary flower-heads on a long stalk ; ray florets
pinkish, reflexed ; disc yellow.
Begonia Hookeriana, Gardner ; Baker, in Rejug.
Bot., t. 341. — A very singular species, more or less
densely covered with reddish-brown hairs, leaves
lanceolate-serrate. Flowers minute, white, in much-
branched cymes. South Brazil.
Begoma SPARSlPlLA, Baker, n. sp., in ReJug,
Bot., t. 340. — Leaves fleshy, obliquely ovate, with
scattered hairs on the under surface, flowers numerous,
pink, in cymes. Central America.
Bomarea Kalbreyeri, Revue Hort., November
16. — A new species, introduced by M. Andre. It has
downy stems, oblong acuminate leaves, and trusses of
flowers, each about i\ inch, with orange-red sepals,
half the length of the oblong, refuse, yellow spotted
petals. Very handsome greenhouse climber.
Chlorophytum Bowkeri, Baker, in Refug. Bot.,
t- 352. — A Cape Liliaceous plant, with broadly lan-
ceolate leaves, and erect clusters of white star-shaped
flowers, about half an inch in diameter.
Cineraria alchemilloides, DC. ; Baker, in
l^cfug. Bot., t. 344. — A native of the Cape. Herba-
ceous perennial, 2 — 3 feet, covered with floccose
pubescence. Leaves stalked, roundish, irregularly
toothed; flower-heads yellow, numerous, in branched
panicles.
Crassula rubicunda, E. Meyer ; Baker, in
Refug. Bot., t. 339. — A South African shrubby
species, with red flowers in much branched cymes.
Drac.-ena latifolia, Regel ; Baker, in Refug.
Bot., t. 353. — A caulescent species with a tuft of
broad lanceolate leaves at the top of the stem, from
the centre of which springs a densely-branched, many-
flowered inflorescence of greenish flowers. Native of
South Africa.
Embelia Kraussii, Harvey ; Hiern, in Refug.
Bot., t. 345. — Myrsinacese. Natal. Inconspicuous.
Gamochlamys heterandra. Baker, in Refug.
Bot., t. 346. — A Tropical (?) African Aroid, with a
solitary, ovate, pinnately lobed green leaf. Spathe
green, adherent to the spadix. A very curious plant,
forming the type of a new genus. See Card. Chron.
1876, p. 164, vol. vi.
Kleinia neriifolia, Haworth ; Baker, in Refug.
Bot., t. 343. — A very old-fashioned and singular
plant, rarely seen in flower. The flower heads are
narrow, surrounded apparently by a long tubular
involucre ; flowers yellowish, inconspicuous. Canary
Islands.
NoTHOscORDUM FLAVESCENs, Kunth ; Baker, in
Refug. Bot., t. 351. — A Chilian bulb, with linear
leaves, and stalked umbels of greenish-yellow stellate
flowers of no great beauty.
698
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December 1, iS
THE POTATO DISEASE.
The following extracts are taken from a lecture by
Mr. George Murray, of the Botanical Department of
the British Museum, recently delivered before the
Parkes Museum of Hygiene. After detailing the
structure of the Potato, Mr. Murray proceeds to
sketch the life hisory of the fungus, which competes
with ourselve for the food it contains, in the following
terras : —
If you will look closely at a field of Potatos about
the end of July, or the beginning of August, and
should the summer happen to be a damp one, you
may observe that the foliage here and there has a
yellowish tinge — a sign of ill-health, and if you will
look yet more closely, discoloured spots will be seen
on the leaves. If you take one of these leaves with
the discoloured spots and look at the under-surface
of it a white, llocculent outgrowth will be found, not
unlike in appearance the mould which is familiar to
every one on damp, decaying organic substances. To
examine it thoroughly it is necessary to use the
microscope, and with its aid this tiocculent mass will
be seen to consist of very numerous branching fila-
ments bearing many egg-shaped bodies. The filaments
emerge from the leaf in which they are rooted, as it
were, and they bear these bodies on their branches
as a tree bears fruit. The filaments consist of living
cells filled with protoplasm and other matters, but no
green matter or chlorophyll to enable the fungus to
form starch and the like for itself, so that it is driven
to seize upon the food already prepared for the plant's
own use. Let us trace the growth of one of these
filaments. If a short one be selected just as
it has emerged from the leaf, and kept under obser-
vation it will be seen that, after growing in length a
little, it first proceeds to throw out very short side
branches, and by-and-bye at the ends of these, as
well as at the end of what we may call the main
stem, bodies arise, round, but gradually becoming
egg-shaped : these bodies are termed spores (conidia).
They increase in size, and when they are quite full
grown are turned aside, and in time drop off, while
the branches continue to grow, producing others in
like fashion, and leaving a knotted or jointed swelling
where each spore has been developed. You will find
them commonly enough with a spore seated on each
swelling.
Now in each flocculent mass a vast number of
these egg-shaped spores are produced, and if a
field of Potatos be badly diseased countless millions
of them arise. Let us watch them further, as it were,
and see what part they play in the matter. Each is
at first a single cell with a definite membrane of
cellulose and contents of protoplasm and other less
important matters. If we were to place a number
of them in a watchglassful of water, and so
under a microscope the contents of each spore
would be seen presently to divide into eight or
fewer portions. Then the outer membrane would
burst, and these portions would escape into the water,
each provided with two exceedingly delicate whip-
lash threads, which vibrate to and fro with consider-
able rapidity. The original spores would be left as
empty shells, and the water would soon swarm with
these activelyswimming bodies. They are called "zoo-
spores," from the resemblance in respect of locomo-
tion which they bear to certain animals. After a few
hours at the most they begin to settle down, the whip-
lashes are withdrawn, and soon each one sends forth
a protuberance, which grows into a definite filament.
If we were to watch a great number of the original
spores we would find now and then one of which the
contents did not thus break up into swimming zoo-
spores, but which, omitting this part in the life-history,
directly threw out a filament exactly as one of these
zoospores does. Now the function of the spores is to
reproduce the fungus, just as a seed (bud) reproduces a
plant. If the field from which we took them contain
a fair number of diseased plants, a very simple
experiment will show how these bodies are distri-
buted and the disease spread. First find out how
the wind is blowing — a very gentle breeze will
do — and then place on the lee side of the field, on
some convenient spot, a number of glass slides, such
as are used for the microscope, and let them be
covered with a thin coating of glycerine to which
objects alighting will stick. When your slides have
been so exposed for several hours you will most likely
find on each a number of these egg-shaped spores ;
from which it is quite safe to conclude that they are
borne by the atmosphere just as the spores of common
moulds are. Birds, rabbits, and other moving objects,
very probably carry them too. I venture to say that
from a single diseased field of Potatos countless
millions of these spores may be wafted, each of which
may produce as many as eight zoospores under favour-
able circumstances, and each of these in turn is
capable of setting up the disease anew. Were they
all to take effect, I fear we should now be speaking
of the Potato as one speaks of the dodo— it would
long since have become a thing of the past. But the
spores fall for the most part on barren ground, since
all other plants, with one or two exceptions, are no
more harmed by them than we should be. But sup-
pose ore to fall on a Potato-leaf moist with
dew or rain, and what I described as taking
place in the watch glassful of water would take
place in the moisture on the leaf. The zoospores
after swimming about would settle down, push
out their filaments over the epidermis of the leaf, and
wherever they met with a stomate or breathing-
pore would there enter, and by rapidly branching in
the tissues and feeding upon the food of the Potato
plant would thus set up the disease anew. If we
were to examine the tissues we should find the fila-
ments which constitute what is called the mycelium of
the fungus ramifying in all directions and breaking
down the cells, carrying destruction throughout the
vital parts of the plant. We should soon see dis-
coloured spots — soon a flocculent mass— soon fresh
spores to be detached and wafted away again, carrying
the disease to fresh fields and new pastures. But let
us see what happens farther to our diseased plants.
The mycelium — i.e., the filaments in the tissues —
soon descend the stem, carrying destruction with it,
and presently reaching the tuber, the great storehouse
of the plant. Here there is abundance of food for the
fungus, and here we find it enjoying vigorous life.
The tubers are thus destroyed, and the appearance
of a diseased Potato is only too well known to
need description. Fortunately for us this fungus
is very susceptible to changes of temperature and a
dry condition of the atmosphere, and the colder
weather of autumn stops its operations, leaving the
Potato plant rotting and a prey to other fungi, the
habit of which is to attack dead or decaying organic
matter. Of these one, Fusisporium solani, particu-
larly affects the Potato, and it steps in to consume
what its forerunner — the fungus of the disease— has
left. When the colder weather begins the mycelium
in the partly diseased tubers falls into a dormant
condition for the winter, though if such a Potato be
unduly heated, as sometimes happens in a Potato-
pit, it is at once able to resume its activity, and com-
plete its destruction. I believe the disease to be
mainly carried over the winter in this way, and when
the Potatos are planted again next year numbers of
these partially diseased ones are planted with them,
and so soon as circumstances are favourable for the
fungus it renews its operation. Spores are again pro-
duced, 'ready to take advantage of all favourable
opportunities that may arise for their further life and
the destruction of their hosts.
Resting Spores.— Now, I am afraid I may be ac-
cused of having omitted what is thought in some quar-
ters to be a very important chapter in the life-history of
this fungus. By fungi of this kind there are commonly
produced round bodies called resting-spores which are
formed as the result of an act of fertilisation, just as a
seed is formed in a flower. Some seven years ago or
more, Mr. Worthington Smith made a series of obser-
vations on bodies of this kind which are found in the
Potato plant, and these he says are the resting-spores
of the Potato fungus which carry it over the winter.
I do not by any means wish to say that they are not
so, and the last thing I wish to do is to disparage in
any way the laborious researches of Mr. Worthington
Smith ; but I have some hesitation in accepting this
view of the matter since I think the evidence is not
altogether conclusive. And I feel much confidence in
asserting my belief that be they the resting-spores of
the fungus or not, the disease hybernates mostly in
the form of its mycelium dormant in the tubers. But
allowing them to be the resting-spores of the disease,
as they may very well be, it throws upon us the
necessity of destroying the refuse of a diseased Potato-
field — the decaying stems, leaves, &c. — A\hich is best
done by burning. And in any case this is a precau-
tion which cannot be too strongly insisted upon.
Mr. Stephen Wilson has recently published an
account of what he believed to be another resting
state of the Potato fungus. Having expressed myself
a sceptic in the matter, Mr. Wilson with much kind-
ness placed in my hands the material for removing or
confirming my doubts, and the result of my examina-
tion was reported only the other day to the Scientific
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. The
bodies in question I found to be merely masses of
oxalate of lime, my friend Dr. Flight having been
good enough to aid me with the chemical part of the
investigation.
I would advise those who may wish to enquire
further into the life-history and operations of this
fungus to study Professor de Bary's and Mr. Carruthers'
reports to the Royal Agricultural Society on the sub-
ject. In the former a very graphic account of the life-
history will be found, while in Mr. Carruthers' reports
a special feature of interest is his account of the results
of experiments carried out under his advice in various
parts of the country and on different varieties of
Potatos. With regard to the precautions to be ob-
served, I cannot do better than repeat Mr. Carruthers'
advice as to the burning o( the refuse of diseased
Potato fields, and the sending of partially diseased
tubers to the starch-mill, where the remaining starch
can be utilised. He further recommends that Potatos
to be used for food or starch be housed for the winter
where a free circulation of air has access to them.
By the raising of the temperature in pits disease is
very apt to make farther progress. However, he
says in his evidence before the Select Committee of
the House of Commons on the Potato crop, " I think
it would be an injurious thing to preserve the tubers
to be used as seed so as to prevent the disease from
showing itself to them ; I would rather see the
disease in the tuber, and so prevent people from
planting it." I am sure that all who know anything
of the matter will agree most strongly in recommend-
ing this advice to those who are interested.
Experience has shown that a temporary and partial
freedom from disease has been obtained by planting
certain varieties of Potatos, such as the Champion,
and by the production of such varieties the same
thing may be repeated. There is, therefore, some
hope in this direction. But experience also forces
one to the conclusion that the search for and cultiva-
tion of substitutes for the Potato are matters to be
seriously faced, since large classes of the people, such
as the Irish peasants, depend to a very dangerous
extent on this precarious crop. In the Gardeners'
Chronicle of November 10 you will find accounts of
a species of Potato (S. Commersoni), and of a root
termed the Kumara root, from both of which promise
of relief is given in this direction.
In certain similar diseases, such as mildew of corn,
the fungus lives alternately on different hosts, and by
the destruction of the less valuable host the disease may
be kept in check. But there is nothing to encourage
such a hope with regard to the Potato fungus, which
passes — so far as we know and so far as all analogy
leads us to believe — the whole of its life on the one
host.
As in all cases of disease, there have come forward
in this case certain persons, whose zeal outruns their
knowledge, anxious to have their nostrums tried. It
would be a mere waste of our time to examine into
the nature of their advice, but before concluding I
must notice two of these cases as typical. A Danish
gentleman. Mr. Jensen, has recommended a plan of
earthing-up Potato plants, under the belief that the
spores fall from the diseased leaves on the ground, are
washed into the soil, and there coming into contact
with the tubers set up the disease. I have here a
diagram made and kindly lent me by Mr. Worthing-
ton Smith, showing the relative size of very fine grains
of sand and the spores of the disease, and I think you
will agree with me that it shows small probability of
this filtering action taking place. Secondly. The idea
that the germ-tubes of spores could penetrate the
skin of a potato is, so far as I am aware, unsupported
by evidence. We know that they enter the stomata
of leaves, and very rarely, if ever, penetrate even the
epidermis.
I have here the report of the Select Committee Oi
the House of Commons on the Potato crop, and in this
document, among a vast amount of instructive in-
formation supplied by the witnesses, I find the
evidence of Professor Baldwin, of the Agricultural
Department of the National Board, Ireland. Pro-
fessor Baldwin believed that it was possible to stamp
out the disease, and he proposed to proceed to do
this by way of an Act of Parliament ! He proposed
December i, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
699
" in one year lo enact that no Potato raised shall be
]ilanled the following year " — that they should all,
every one of them, be consumed — and then fresh
seed imported from some ideal land where I'otatos
f;row, but where the disease is unknown ! I think he
forgets the fact that we should also have lo get rid
of several other plants which the disease attacks.
It is necessary to mention that Professor Baldwin did
not believe that infection was spread by the atmo-
sphere— a matter of some importance to his case — and
when he was asked his opinion of certain experiments
of mine with glycerine — such as I have already
described to you — he replied, that there are "many
unforeseen human agencies " which might have inter-
fered to transport the spores to the slides. Well, I
am inclined to think that Professor Baldwin would
find that many of his *' unforeseen human agencies '*
would interfere with his Act of Parliament and
replant a Potato or two.
■fdiitiegj.
Liverpool Horticultural Association. — The
fifth annual Clirysantliemum show in connection with
the above flourishing Society was held in St. George's
i lull, on the 27th and 23th ult. , when a display
was made alike creditable to the exhibitors and the
Association. The spacious building was hlled to over-
flowing, indeed it was with difficulty the committee found
suthcient space for the numerous exhibits. To a great
extent this was due to the large number of Apples
brought together, which really constituted a show in
themselves. Grapes also formed a very important
feature as well as other fruits. Stove and greenhouse
plants, both foliage and flowering, were shown in cre-
ditable numbers and specimens. A good competition
was made in the few classes provided for Orchids,
and although the specimens were not large, they were
very attraciive, and shared a good deal of public favour.
But of course the Chrysanthemums were the chief centre
of attraction, especially the cut blooms, and well they
might be, for perhaps there were never a finer lot staged
in this populous Lancashire city, and it is doubtful if
even the Southern gro\\cri have this season produced
finer flowers. Around Liverpool are many most en-
thusiastic growers of this favourite flower, and right
well have they acquitted themselves. The specimen
plants were not as a whole so good as we have seen
them in the South, although, in some classes, fine
examples were exhibited, The very limited space at our
disposal will not admit of a detailed account of the
classes, so we only enumerate the principal ones and prize
winners.
CliRVSATllEMUMS. — Plants. — Class i. Six large-
flowered varieties, distinct. — ist, H. Mclver, Esq., Aller-
ton (gr., Mr. John Hughes), with fine specimens of John
Salter, jardin dcs I'lantcs, Lady Slade, Beverley, Lady
liardinge. and Mrs. Rundle ; 2d, C. H. Bishop, Esq.,
St. Helen's (gr., Mr. E. Gray) ; 3d, J. T. Cross, Esq,,
Aighburth (gr., Mr. T. Whitfield). Class 2. Four large -
flowered varieties. — Mr. J. Hughes was again ist, with
good plants_of the same varieties. Class 3. Six pompons,
distinct. — ist, H. Mclver, Esq., with excellent specimens
of Maroon Model, St. IMichael, Aurora Borealis, and
the three varieties of Cedo Nulli ; 2d, J. T. Cross, Esq.,
Aigburlh ; 3d, Major Pemberton, Fairfield (gr., Mr. S.
Blackmore). Class 5. One standard. — ist, James Cun-
ningham, Esq., Mossley Hill (gr., Mr. Thos. Gowan),
with a fine grown plant of Mrs. Geo. Rundle ; 2d, John
Woolwright, Esq. (gr., Mr. Edwin Green), with Mrs.
Dixon. In the class for six untrained specimens there
was good competition, not less than seven entries, form-
ing a very interesting and showy feature. — ist, John
W'oolwright, Esq. ; 2d, R. Pilkington, Esq., St. Helen's
(gr., Mr. G. Middleton) ; 3d, J. Lewis, Esq., Aigburth
(gr., Mr. J no. Bustard).
Cut Blooms. — Class 8. Eighteen incurved and eighteen
Japanese varieties, distinct, the ist prize being a ten-
guinea silver vase, offered by Messrs. J. Williams & Co.,
competitors having used their fertiliser. — 1st, R. N.
Dale, Esq,, Bromborough Hall, Cheshire (gr,, Mr. T.
Leadbetter), who staged a most magnificent lot — indeed,
finer blooms it would be impossible to see. The varie-
ties were : — Incurved— Barbara, White Venus, Mr.
Bunn, St. Patrick, Venus. Jardin des Plantes, Mrs.
Heale, John Salter, Cherub, Princess Teck, Hero of
Newington, Empress of India, Emily Dale, Queen of
England, A. Salter, Golden Empress, and Princess of
Wales. Japanese— La Nyniphe, The Cossack, Cry
Kang, L'Incompirable, Magnum Bonum, Flambeau,
Peter the Great, Rosa Bonhcur, Elaine, Ibn el Kaber,
Fleur d'Hiver, Oracle, Criterion, Meg Merrilies, Madame
C. Andiguier, Japonaise, Baron de Frailly, and Fair
Maid of Guernsey. 2d, C. W. Neuman, Esq. , Wyncote,
Allerton (gr., Mr. W. Mease), whose collection also
included some excellent blooms ; 3d, W. D. Holt, Esq ,
West Derby (gr., Mr. F. Roberts). For twenty-four
incurved varieties there were lour entries. — ist, W.
Nicol, Esq., St. Michael's Mount (gr., Mr. G. Mease),
and a very fine lot, including grand flowers of Eve, Lord
Wolseley, Beauty, Princess of Wales, Refulgence, Bar-
bara, White Venus, &c ; 2d, R. N. Dale, Esq., Brom-
borough Hall, was a close 2d, but some flowers were
weak ; 3d, Sir Thos. E. Moss, Bart., Otterspool, Aigburth.
Eighteen incurved varieties, six entries. — ist, H. H.
Nicholson, Esq., Spital Hall (gr., Mr. M. Playfair),
with a very fine exhibit, grand flowers of the following
being conspicuous; — ijueen of England, Beauty,
lOiiiily Dale, Cjoldcn Empress, Mr. Howe, and Isabella.
2d, A. Tale, Emj , Roseleigli, Woolton(gr.. Mr, R. Water-
man), aUo a fine lot ; 3d. W. H. Watts, I'".st| , l':ini Hill,
Wavertrce (gr. , Mr. A. R. Cox). In the class for twelve
incurved varieties there were not less than seven lots
staged, consef|uently there was keen competition. — ist,
W. D. Holt, Esq., West i:)i'rby(gr., Mr. I''. Roberts),
with a magnificent tray of (Jueen of l^ngland. Empress
of India, Golden l'>mprcss, A. Salter, Mrs. W. Shipman,
Mrs. Bunn, Hero of Newington, Mrs. Heale, Empress
Eugenie, Jardin dcs Plantes, Barbara, and Princess
Teck; 2d, W. Nicol, Esq.; 3d, G. Blessig, Esq.,
Becchley, Allerton (gr., Mr. jno. Fairhurst), Class 14,
Twenty-four Japanese \'aricties, distinct. — ist, A. Tate,
Esq., Woolton (gr., Mr. Waterman), magnificent blooms
of the following being staged i^Bismarck, Gloire dc
Toulouse, The Cossack, Striatum, Fulton, La Nymphe,
Boule d'Or, and Elaine ; 2d, W. Nicol, Esq. ; 3d, W.
II. Watts, Esq. ICighteen Japanese varietics.^ist, H.
Cunningham, Esq., Gateacre (gr. , Mr. Wm. Wilson), a
very excellent lot, including Rosa Bonhcur, Album stria-
tum, Japonaise, The Cossack, and The Sultan ; 2d, F.
Cossage, Woolton Esq., {gr., Mr. J. Jellico) ; 3d, J yndall
Bright, Esq., Aigburth Road, Liverpool {gr., Mr. |.
Warrington). Class 17. .Six Anemone and six refle.xed
varieties. — ist, W. H. Watts, Esq., Wavertree{gr., Mr. A.
R. Cox), with a very fine stand, including Lady Mar-
garet, Acquisition, Cherub, Mrs. Pethers, King of
Crimsons, Golden Christine, &c. ; 2d, F. Cossage, Esq.,
Woolton ; 3d, li. Cunningham, Esq. Twelve pompons
(eight entries).— 1st, S. Smith, Esq., M.P. (gr., Mr. A.
Collins), fine bunches of the following being shown : —
Boule d'Or, Miss Wheeler, Mrs. Anstie, Acme of Per-
fection, Bob, Rosinante, President, &c. ; 2d, W. H,
Watts, Esq. ; 3d, W. B. Bowring, Esq., Aigburth {gr.,
Mr. James Hurst).
MisciiLLANEOUS PLANTS. — Six stove andgrecnhouse,
not less than three in flower. — ist, C. W. Neuman, Esq.,
Allerton (gr., Mr. W. Mease), with splendid specimens
of Croton Queen Victoria and C. DisraeU, very highly
coloured ; Pritchardia pacifica. Erica hyemalis. Azalea
Mdme. Ambroise Verschaffelt, and a grand specimen of
the old Centrapogon Lucyanus ; 2d, W. H. Watts,
Esq. Six stove or greenhouse Ferns, distinct. — ist, D.
Walker, Esq., Forest Lawn, West Derby, (gr. , Mr.
Jos. Pythian), with fine examples of Adiantum farleyense,
Blechnumcoreovadense, Nephrolepisdavallioidesfurcans,
Adiantum Cunninghami, A. eximium, and Alsophila ex-
celsa ; 2d, Mrs. Horsfall, Cressington, Aigburth. Three
Orchids, distinct, — ist, Walter Holland, Esq., Mossley
Hill, Liverpool (gr., Mr. Wm. Moss), with nice examples
of Angroecum sesquipedale, Burlingtonia fragrans, and
Odontoglossum Hallii ; 2d, J. E. Reynolds, Esq., West
Derby (gr. , Mr. Jno. Wilson), with Odontoglossum
Alexandrce, O. maxillare, and Dendrobiumhelerocarpum ;
3d, Shadwell Walker, Esq., M.D,, Liverpool, whose lot
mcluded a good pan of Sophroniles grandifiora. One
Orchid. — ist, C. W. Neuman, Esq., Allerton, with a
fine pan of Cypripcdium insigne, an excellent variety.
Two Calanlhes. — W. B. Bowring, Esq., with very fine
pots of C. vestita and Veitchii ; 2d, W. Holland, Esq.
Fruit. — This constituted a very important feature ol
the exhibition, but we can only notice the more important
classes. Grapes, two bunches, black, with Muscat flavour.
— ist, Alderman Raynes, Rock Ferry {gr., Mr. J. Bowker),
with magnificent bunches of Madresfield Court Muscat ;
2d, S. Smith, Esq., M.P., Princes' Park, Liverpool, with
fine bunches of Mrs. Pince ; 3d, Earl Harrington, Derby.
Two bunches white, Muscat flavour. — ist, R, Pilkington,
Esq., Romford Hall (gr., Mr. G. Middleton), with fine
bunches of Muscat of Alexandria, splendidly finished off ;
2d, W. B. Bowring, Esq., with the same variety; 3d,
Mrs. Crossfield, Aigburth (gr., Mr. Jno. Bowdon). Four
bunches, distinct (for which seven lots were staged). — ist,
Joseph Evans, Esq., Huyton, Liverpool, with grand
bunches of Barbarossa, Muscat of Alexandrria, Gros Col-
mar, and White Tokay ; 2d, Rev. Watson Sneyd, Keele
Hall ; 3d, John Goldsworth, Esq., Windle Hall. Twelve
dishes of fruit, distinct (three entries). — ist, R. C. Naylor,
Esq.,Hooton Hall, Cheshire (gr., Mr, Hannigan), with ex-
quisite dishes of the following :— Apples : Golden Rein-
ette, Beachamwell, and King of the Pippins. Pears:
Beurre Clairgeau, Marie Louise, Glou Morceau, Grapes:
LadyDownes, Muscat of Alexandria, Gros Colmar, Black
Alicante. Melon Conqueror of Europe, and Queen Pine.
2d, the Earl of Harrington, Derby (gr., Mr. J, H. Good-
acre) ; 3d, Hon, C. H. Wynn, RhugCorwen, N. Wales
(gr,, Mr, J. Bennett), whose collection contained a very
fine Smooth Cayenne Pine. Six dishes of fruit, Pines
excluded (ten entries). — ist, R. C. Naylor, Esq. ; 2d, W.
B. Bowring, Esq. ; 3d, C. W. Neuman, Esq.— Eight
dishes of dessert Pears, open (seven entries). — ist, the
Earl of Harrington, Elvaston Castle, Derby, with grand
dishes of Beurrt^ Diel, Marie Louise, Doyenne du Comice,
Duchesse d'.Anglcterre, Glou Morceau, Gros Calebasse,
&c. ; 2d, R. C. Naylor, Esq. ; 3d, R. Singlehurst, Esq.,
Aigburth (gr.. Mr, j. Kelly). Six dishes of dessert
Apples, open (there bting not less than ten lots staged).
—ist, J. T. Friend, Esq., Margate (gr., Mr. T. Miller),
with splendid dishes of Fearn's Pippin, Worcester Pear-
main, Adams' Pearmain, Scarlet Pearmain, Ribston Pip-
pin, and Cox's Orange Pippin ; 2d, R. C. Naylor, Esq. ;
3d, Mr. C. Rylands, nurseryman, Ormskirk. Eight
dishes of culinary Apples, open, there being again ten
lots staged, the same exhibitor again taking ist prize,
with magnificent dishes, of good form and colour, of
Emperor Alexander, Waltham Abbey Seedling, Golden
Noble, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Lady Henniker, &e. ; 2d,
Thomas Johnson, Esq., Bebington ; 3d, the Earl of
Harrington, Derby— a very excellent series altogether.
Miscellaneous Exhibits.— /'/i?^^/.— Messrs. R. P.
Ker ic Son, Aigburlh Nursery, Liverpool, staged a glorious
bank of Cyclamens, showing a great diversity of colour in
as good a strain as could be desired. The Liverpool
Horticultural Company (John Cowan), Limited, also
staged a very excellent lot of stove and greenhouse
l^lants, well grown and clean young specimens. Especially
noteworthy were the charming little Adiantum Pecoltei,
in quantity; and a very distinct form of Pteris scrrnlata
named Cowani, with inmiense crests. Messrs. H. Can-
nell & Sons, of Swanley, .staged a magnilicenl dispkiy of
zonal Pclargonmms, boUi double and single, not less
than twenty-four varieties of each, in extremely fine
trusses, and quite ^furore they created; also a nice tray
of bright Salvias,
Apples were largely shown, not for competition.
Messrs. James Dickson & Sons. Newton Nurseries,
Chester, had a fine display of about seventy dishes ; and
we were informed the same firm had forty more dishes,
for which space could not be provided. These constituted
a good feature. Messrs. F. & A. Dickson, of Chester,
also staged a nice lot. Messrs. R. Smith & Co.. of
Worcester, had about seventy dishes of very fine fruit,
forming altogether a very fine display ; and, lastly, though
by no means least, Mr. C. Rylance, of Ormskirk, exhi-
bited a very creditable lot.
The committee may be heartily congratulated upon
the noble display, which we were happy to see the public
were not slow to appreciate, and from what we gathered
the exhibition is likely to be a decided success financially
and otherwise. Visitor,
Scottish Horticultural Association. — The or-
dinary monthly meeting of this Association was held in
the Hall, 5, St, Andrew Square, on the 6th inst., Mr.
Robertson Monro, President, in the chair,
Mr. Geo. McK inlay, Kilconquhar Gardens, sent a
paper to the meeting on the Kitchen Garden, which was
communicated by the Secretary.
Mr. A. Mcintosh, Payton House Gardens, exhibited
two new seedling Potatos, named Rae's Kidney and
Ravelston White. Mr. McLean, Winters' Park, ex-
hibited a collection of fifty Apples. Mr. Dunn, Dalkeith
Park Gardens, on behalf of a friend in England, exhibited
a bunch of a new seedling Grape. Mr. Murray, Culzean
Gardens, exhibited large specimens of Excelsior Onion.
Tunbridge Wells Chrysanthemum Exhibi-
tion.— The seventh annual exhibition of this Society
was held in the skating rink at Tunbridge Wells, in the
Grove Hill Road, on Thursday and Friday, the 22d and
23d ult. Taking into consideration the fact that
this is a comparatively young society the progress made
during the last few years is highly creditable lo the gar-
dening talent in the neighbourhood. Such a beautiful
array of specimen plants, and well grown plants, too,
would do credit to any exhibition, while the quantity of
specimen plants was at least three times as large as that
the " National Society," held at Westminster, have been
able to muster hitherto at any of their exhibitions. We
have attended all the principal exhibitions this year, but
have not seen any plants so good as those which carried
off the Tradesmen's Silver Cup at this show, exhibited
from the gardens of Roger Cunhffe, Esq., Nevitl Park
(gr,, Mr. A. Stringer.) The plants were of large size,
and many of the incurved blooms were good enough to
cut for an exhibition stand. Mr. Stringer was also the
prize winner in the next two classes for specimen plants.
W. H. Tindall, Esq., gr. to Mr, R. Beilby Hollyshaw,
Camden Park, was also a successful exhibitor, coming
in 2d for the eight specimens, and taking ist prizes in
other plant classes. The above plant classes were open to
all exhibitors in Mid Kent and East Sussex.
The next division was for exhibitors within a radius of
14 miles of Tunbridge Wells, and, to their credit be it
spoken, their productions were good enough for any
exhibition. The best group of eight plants was from
E. Roche, Esq., Sandfield, Neville Park (gr,, Mr,
Kiltick), and gained the Ladies' Silver Cup, There were
some handsome pyramids in this group, and other
meritorious plants trained in the usual way. The cut
bloom classes yet afford considerable room for improve-
ment, but this remark only applies to the incurved
section, as the Japanese and Anemone pompons were
very good indeed, the exhibits running very closely to
each other, making the work very hard for the judges.
Mr, Stringer exhibited the best blooms in the various
sections, many of his incurved blooms being very good,
but a number in the stand for twenty-four were wanting
in finish. His Japanese blooms were very good. It is
scarcely necessary to go into the names of the varieties
either in the plant or cut bloom classes, they seemed to
be very much the same as those already given in the
Gardeners' Chronicle, and a bare list of exhibitors would
fill a column. We seldom see Poinsettias so well grown
as they are here, the plants being vigorous but sufficiently
dwarf ; they are grown in a cool greenhouse during the
summer, and do not get too much heat even while the
bracts are developing their colour. The best this year
came from G. H. P'ield, Esq., Ashurst Park (gr., Mr. J.
Allan) ; but many other exhibitors had plants not far
behind them, A meed of praise also must be given to
the Chinese Primroses exhibited by Mr, Allan, grown in
6-inch pots; the plants possessed great vigour, the flowers
being rich in colour and finely developed. Berried plants
and small plants for the dinner-table were well shown,
and in quantity. There was also an exceedingly good
exhibition of fruit— plenty of it and of excellent quality.
C. Reilly, Esq., The Priory, Neville Park (Mr. H. Scam-
m l',gr.),|g.)iu(dtheistprizeforfxcellent AlicanteGrapes,
Mr. Albn being 2d with nearly as fine examples. For
white Grapes the Rev. M. Boordman, Glen Andred (gr.,
Mr. J. Legg), was ist with well coloured Muscat of
Alexandria ; J. J. Barron, Esq,, Holmwood (gr., Mr. S,
Pope), was a good 2d. Pears and Apples were remark-
700
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December i, 1883.
ably fine, the principal prizelakers being the Marchioness
Camden (Mr. W. Johnstone, gr.) ; Mrs. M. Williams,
Hungershall Park (gr., Mr. J. McFeate), and P. C. Hard-
wicke, Esq. (Mr. G. H. Goldsmith, gr.) In collections
of twelve dishes of fruit, J. Beacon, Esq., Mabledon,
Tonbridge (gr., Mr. A. Henderson), was well ist ; while
the contest for the 2d place between Mr. H. Scammell
and Mr. W. Johnstone was very keen, the first-named
ultimately gaining the 2d place. Such an excellent show
as this was, could not have been initiated and maintained
without energetic management ; and the Honorary
Secretary, Mr. E. Charlton, must certainly be com-
phmented on the fruits of his skilful management.
Winchester Horticultural : Nov. 19 and 20.—
On receiving the schedule announcing the first show of
this newly established Society, we could not help wonder-
ing if such were really the case that historical Winchester
had never previously mustered sufficient courage and
capital to begin the good work. However, better
late than never, as everybody must have thought that
beheld the great display, that not only filled the large
hall, but overflowed into the sessions room. The arrange-
ments of exhibits and every detail as to cards, numbers,
awards, &c., were done in such a methodical and e.xpe-
ditious manner, as to prove that the working committee
are well up to their work, and have every reason to be
highly satisfied with their first show, for it was far in
advance of the shows of many societies that have been
established for years. The great bulk of e.xhibits, as a
matter of course, at this season was Chrysanthemums
and fruit, and for which good prizes were offered, the
competition being great in every class. Following the
order of the schedule, plants, class i, open, was a col-
lection of Chrysanthemums grown in pots, arranged in a
space of 8 by 6 feet, quality and general effect to be the
leading feature, the ist award going to Mr. Neville, gr.
to F. W. Flight, Esq., Twyford, his blooms being good
throughout, but the general effect not superior to the
2d award, which was made in favour of Mr. Goodchild,
gr. to W. Colson, Esq., Colden Common, Winchester.
There were three other competitors in this class, all of
which were more or less meritorious. In the ne.\t open
class for six plants in six distinct varieties, Mr. Wills gr to
Mrs. Pearce, The Firs, Basset, Southampton, was
well to the front with admirably trained specimens
in rare vigour, the foliage being a deep green,
and abundant ; none of the plants could have
been less than 4 feet in diameter ; Mr. Wills always
shows well, but none of his previous exhibits have ever
excelled the plants he staged in this class. The 2d
and 3d prizes went to Mr. Hunt, gr. to R. Moss, Esq.,
M.P., Weston, and to Mr. Joy, Shirley, Southampton.
In the open class for a single specimen, Japanese, the
ist award was made to Mr. Wills, tor a grand plant of
La Nymphe ; the 2d to Mr. Waretum, gr. to Mrs.
Gunner, Winchester ; and the 3d to Mr. Hunt. The
amateurs' exhibits in the corresponding classes to the above
were all wonderfully good, the prizes going to Messrs.
Remsbury, Twyford, and General Sir A. Beecher, C.B.,
Winchester. Cut Blooms.— In this class, the gentleman
we must "dub" the champion grower — seeing he won
the challenge vase at Kingston on the 21st ult., and
all the ist prizes at the shows he has competed at during
the present year— had it all his own way here also in
every class he showed in. Mr. Molyneux, gr. to W. H.
Myers, Esq., Swanmore Park, Bishops Waltham, is the
gentleman in question, he took the lead for twenty-four
cut blooms, distinct varieties ; also for twenty-four in
eighteen varieties, also for twelve incurved, and for twelve
Japanese. To describe his flowers is an impossibility,
they must be seen for their splendour to be realised, and
we shall only say that the following were a few of his
best flowers :— In the [apanese section, Madame C.
Andiguier, Balmoreana, Meg Merrilies, Baron de Prailly,
and Criterion ; his other best kinds were, Jardin des
Plantes, King of the Crimson, Empress of India,
Princess of Wales, Barbara, and Mrs. Heales. The
other prize winners in these classes, were Messrs. Dixon
& Co., of Hackney, Mr. Wills, Mr. Neville, and
Mr. Joy. In the corresponding classes for amateurs, the
same exhibitors as for plants were again to the fore, all
having remarkably good flowers.
Fruit.— This was shown in greater quantity than the
most sanguine of the committee expected, the com-
petition being keen in every class, the leading exhibitor
being Mr. Wildsmith, gr. to Viscount Eversley, Heck-
field, Winchfield, who, in addition to entering the lists
as competitor, put up a non-competition collection which
included four Smooth Cayenne Pines that collectively
weighed 25 lb. ; nine bunches of Grapes, consisting
of Ahcante, Muscat of Alexandria, Gros Colmar, Mrs.
Pearson, Barbarossa, and Golden Queen, all in ad-
mirable condition ; si\ dishes of Pears, and six dishes of
Apples, and for which the judges awarded a Cultural
Certificate, and recommended the committee to award
an extra prize. Mr. Wildsmith took the 1st prize for
three bunches of Grapes in three distinct kinds, having
good bunches of Gros Colmar, Muscat of Alexandria, and
Black Alicante ; the 2d prize going to Mr. Weaver gr.
to W. W. Beach, Esq., Oakley Hall, Basingstoke, who
had fine Alicante, Muscat of Ale.xandria, and Lady
Downe's ; and the 3d to Mr. Cox, gr. to R. King
Windham, Esq., Corhampton. In the class for two
bunches of black Grapes, Mr. Wildsmith was again ist
with medium-sized well-finished bunches of Gros Colmar
and Barbarossa : the 2d award going to Mr. Dauncey,
gr. to J. B. Stone, Esq., Buckfield, Basingstoke, for
good bunches of Lady Downe's and Alicante ; and the
3a to Mr. HeUier, nurseryman, Winchester, who
showed Gros Colmar and Alicante. For two bunches
of white Grapes, Mr. Wildsmith won with well finished
Muscats, Mr. Weaver being 2d with larger bunches,
but unripe, or rather lacking colour. For the
heaviest bunch Mr. Molyneux was ist with Barba-
rossa, weighing about 6 lb. ; and Mr. Dauncey 2d,
with a 4|-lb. Alicante. Pears were shown in goodly
numbers, but were generally of indifferent quality ; by far
the best were from Mr. Wildsmith, his prize dishes beirg
Glou Morceau, Beurre Diel, and Beurre Gris d'Hiver ;
the 2d and 3d prizes were made in favour o( W. T.
Cordery, Esq., St. Cross, Winchester, and Mr. Wills.
For dessert Apples, Mr. H. J. Fiford of Rownhams,
was a good ist, having magnificent fruit of Ribston
Pippin, Blenheim, and Adam's Pearmain ; Mr. Wild-
smith, 2d, with King of Pippins, Ribston Pippin, and
finely coloured Blenheims ; Mr. Gandy, gr. to Lord
Norlhbrook, Stratton Park, Winchester, being 3d. For
kitchen Apples, Mr. Fiford was again ist, the other
winners being Mr. Wills and Mr. Wildsmith. Mr.
Hillier put up a non-competitive collection of Apples,
consisting of more than fifty varieties, the general excel-
lence of the whole forcibly showing that Apples can be
grown in Hampshire just as successfully as they can in
what are called Apple-growing districts.
Vegetables.— These were not largely shown, but the
good quality and evenness of every collection must have
sorely puzzled the judges in their decision. The prize -
takers were Mr. Cox, Mr. Dauncey, and Mr. Wildsmith.
Miscellaneous.— The principal exhibits under this
head were groups of plants arranged for effect, 8 by
8 feet ; the plants were generally good, but taste in
arrangement was lacking, the leading idea apparently
being to fill out the allotted space as thickly as possible.
Mr. W. Blackmore, nurseryman, Winchester, Mr. Hunt,
and Mr. Hillier, were the successful competitors. Prizes
were offered for table plants. Primulas, Poinsettias, and
berried plants, but none were shown that call for special
remark ; but this does not apply to the class for ladies'
prizes for vase arrangements of Chrysanthemums for the
dinner-table, and a similar class for arrangement of hardy
shrubs. Ferns, and grasses, both of which classes were
well contested, the majority being every way excellent.
The prize-takers were Mrs. Birch, Winchester ; Mrs.
Flight, the Misses Flight, Tyford ; and Mrs. Cham-
berlain, Southampton. We learn that the show was
well patronised, and trust, therefore, that the committee
have scored that financial success which is but the due
merit for a show so excellent in all its features.
The Manchester Horticultural Mutual Im-
provement Society.— The second meeting was held
on Thursday evening, November 22, in one of the rooms
of the Old Town Hall, King Street, when Mr. A. Stans-
field read a paper on "The Mode of Reproduction in
Ferns." Mr. B. S. Williams was voted to the chair, and
the room was crowded with members. Mr. Stansfield
stated at the outset that he had been requested to read a
paper under very short notice, owing to Mr. Bruce Find-
lay having met with a serious accident, which had entirely
prevented him taking part in any duty for several days ;
he (the reader) therefore came before them as an emer-
gency man. The lecturer then proceeded with the paper,
and by the aid of a large number of dried specimens and
diagrams described in detail the mode of reproduction
from the spores. Quoting from various authors, he showed
the different opinions that were held respecting the func-
tions of the prothallus, and stated that the secret of the
reproduction was discovered by a Polish amateur. In
some closing remarks, he said that the botanist and
horticulturist were inseparably connected with each other,
and no horticulturist without some knowledge of botany
would proceed clearly in his work ; on the other hand, a
botanist could derive many hints from the horticulturist.
A botanist was a man who had helped gardeners in their
business. We knew what a Cabbage was, a Turnip, a
Pear, an Apple, and a Gooseberry ; but a botanist could
tell us what they had been. He searched and ransacked
the world for new species, and the gardener cultivated
them. With regard to Ferns, the number of varieties,
especially British, had multiplied amazingly ; nothing
like it was known, and he thought that one principle
ought to be laid down with regard to naming new varie-
ties, which was that the name given should be in some
way descriptive of the plant, not a simple laudation of
some individual. He urged upon his audience the im-
portance of studying the different varieties of Ferns and
how they were developed. At the close of the lecture,
which was of a highly instructive character, a number of
questions were asked and replied to, and considerable
amount uf discussion also took place, in which the Chair-
man, Mr. R. Astley, Mr. T. Lunt, Mr. W. Birkenhead,
Mr. T. Rogers, and others took part. A vote of thanks
was passed to Mr. Stansfield, who briefly replied, inti-
mating that on some future occasion he would be most
happy to meet the members and pursue the subject still
further. The Hon. Sec. (W. Swan) announced that on
December 6 Mr. R. Mackellar had promised to read a
paper, the subject to be "Vines and Vine Culture." The
Society has only been established six weeks, and there
are now over a hundred members on the roll ; and six
gentlemen have promised to read papers on future even-
ings, so that the Society's programme is already nearly
filled up.
Shropshire Gardeners' and Amateurs' Rose,
Fruit, and Chrysanthemum Society. — The
first e.xliibition of this Society was held on Thursday,
November 22, and proved in every way a success. The
show was held in the Music Hall, Shrewsbury. For six
large flowering plants, Mr. Milner, Sandome, was ist,
with (air specimens of Mrs. J. Rundle, George Glenny,
and others ; and J. Watson, Esq., Berwick (gr., Mr.
Purser), was 2d. Mrs. Burton, Longnor (gr., Mr.
Thurtle), had the best three plants, and the Rev. J. D.
Corbett (gr., Mr. Milner), the best pompons ; while for
three large-flowering specimens the ist prize went to
Mr. Thurtle, and the 2d to Mr. George Townsend.
Cut blooms were very well shown. For twenty-four
large-flowering sorts Mr. Lambert was ist ; J. Beatie,
Esq., 2d ; and Rev. J. D. Corbett 3d. The best twenty,
four and twelve blooms of Japanese sorts came from
Colonel Wingfield, Onslow ;' J. Beatie, Esq. ; and the
Rev. J. D. Corbett. For twelve blooms (amateurs). —
ist. Mr. C. M. Campbell.
Fruit, open to the county : three bunches black
Grapes.— ist, Mr. Lambert, with Black Alicante, splen-
didly finished. Three bunches white. — ist, J. Watson,
Esq., with grand bunches of Muscat of Alexandria, cut
from Vines planted more than fifty years ago ; 2d, Colonel
Wingfield. Four bunches, four varieties. — ist. Rev. J.
D. Corbett, with symmetrical and beautifully coloured
bunches of Lady Downe's, Pearson's Golden Queen,
Black Alicante, and Muscat of Alexandria ; 2d, Colonel
Wingfield. Two bunches black Grapes (amateurs). — ist,
Mr. W. W. Humphreys \ 2d, Dr. Burd, both showing
remarkably well. In the class for two bunches of white
Grapes the same exhibitors took the prizes. For the
best collection of Apples and Pears three exhibitors
entered, and put down about fifty dishes each, making
a very fine display, ist. Rev. J. D. Corbett ; 2d, Colonel
Wingfield. Twelve dishes Pears. — ist. Rev. J. D. Cor-
bett, with a fine collection, but unnamed ; 2d, Colonel
Wingfield. Six dishes Pears. — ist, Mr. Purser, with a
grand lot of Passe Colmar, Winter Nelis, Beurre Clair-
geau. Doyenne Gris. and Marie Louise ; 2d, Colonel
Wingfield. Three dishes Pears. — ist, G. Harries, Esq. ;
2d, C. M. Campbell, Esq. One dish of Pears. — ist,
C. M. Campbell, Esq. ; 2d, G. Harries, Esq.
For twelve dishes of Apples Mr. Lambert showed grand
samples for ist place ; 2d, Rev. J. D. Corbett. Six
dishes of dessert Apples. — ist, J. 'Watson, Esq.; 2d,
Colonel Wingfield. Three dishes of Apples (amateurs).
— 1st, Mr. T. Wood ; 2d, Mr. Townsend. One dish of
Apples.— ist, Mr. E. W. Pritchard : 2d, Colonel Wing-
field.
\ large quantity of plants, fruit, and flowers were sent
for competition by Mrs. Burton, J. Watson, Esq., and
others. Messrs. Jones & Son, nurserymen, exhibited a
large group in the centre of the room, which proved a
great attraction, also a large collection of fruit and
flowers, a wreath and cross, and two beautiful bouquets
of Chrysanthemums. The Treasurer, Mr. E. W.
Pritchard, and Messrs. H. & S. Jones worked hard to
make the show a success. The Society intends holding
a two days' Rose show at the time of the Royal Agri-
cultural Society's meeting at Shrewsbury next year, and
are sanguine of success. {From a Correspondent.)
With much regret we have to announce the
death, on the morning of November 24, of Mr. James
Gray, horticultural builder, of Dan vers Street, Chelsea,
Mr. Gray had been in very delicate health for the last
two or three years, so that the sad event was not
quite unexpected. It seems that he attended a meet-
ing of the committee of management of the Gardeners'
Royal Benevolent Institution (of which he had been
a member olT and on for over twenty years) on the
previous Thursday week, and caught a cold going
home, which ended in an acute attack of bronchitis,
from which he never recovered. Mr. Gray was born
in East Lothian in 1810, and in early life followed the
profession of a gardener, his last situation in that
capacity being at Roehampton House, Putney. He
left there to enter the works of the late Mr.
John Weeks, and in 1846 he went into part-
nership with Mr. Brown and Mr. Henry Orm-
son. Under the title of Gray, Ormson & Brown,
the business of horticultural builders was carried
on by them until December, 1850, when Mr.
Brown, who died the following year, retired from the
firm, which from that time until the autumn of 1857
consisted of Messrs. Gray & Ormson only. Mr,
Gray may be said to have been the father of the horti-
cultural building trade, as he was certainly one of its
most esteemed members — his work, which was always
high-class, and the urbane, warm-hearted character of
the man himself, combining to gain for him the respect
of all who, in business or private life, became
acquained with him. Perhaps the first and most im-
portant work carried out by the original firm was the
erection of the fine range of houses for the late Earl of
Kilmorey, at Orleans House, Twjckenham, when
Mr. F. R. Kinghorn, of the Sheen Nursery, Rich-
mond, was gardener there. During the Gray and
Ormson regime the firm built the magnificent winter
garden at Enville for the late Earl of Stamford
and Warrington, and which is 150 feet long
and 70 feet broad, with a circular roof and
dome, the latter of which is 50 feet high. The
largest works carried out by Mr. Gray himself were
the conservatory and range of houses at Busbridge
Hall, Godalming, in i860 ; the fine range of houses
at Hamilton Palace, Lanark, in 1S61 ; the fruit and
forcing houses, &c., at Sandringham in 1S64 ; a range
December i, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
701
of houses at Hatfield in 1869 ; a set of houses for
Lord Alington, at Crichel House, Wimborne, in 1S70 ;
the fine conservatory and range of plant-houses at
Wimbledon House in iS6g ; the new block of fruit
and plant houses at Cliveden in 1870-72 ; another
grand range at Cobham Hall, Surrey, in 1878 ; and
a complete set of houses, in iSSo, for Lady de Roths-
child, at Aston Clinton. In life the generosity of his
disposition towards gardeners was a household word
among his friends ; in his death many will mourn the
loss of a benefactor and true friend. Mr. Gray was
buried on Thursday last in Brompton Cemetery.
We are requested to state that the business will l)e
carried on as usual by one of his sons— Mr. Alfred
Gray.
We have also the sad duty of recording the
death of another of our old friends in the person of
Mr. John Fleming, of Cliveden. Twenty years ago
Mr. Fleming's name rang through the gardens of
England as the originator and most successful exponent
of the system of winter and spring bedding which
subsequently became a fashion in gardening, and one
of the most charming of fashions too, but of late,
owing to increasing years and severe lung disease, he
has led a somewhat quiet and secluded life, and so
had almost passed out of the minds of almost all but
his most intimate friends. Of the early life of Mr.
Fleming but little is known. His parents were Scotch ;
his father died in Canada a few years ago, and we
believe he had no relatives left in this country. As a
young man he served some time in the gardens at
Newnham Paddocks, Lutterworth, and about the
years 1S50 and 1851 he was gardener at Harewood
House, Leeds, and while there laid out the extensive
pleasure grounds, and the terrace gardens, which are
in the Italian style. About 1853 be left Harewood,
to become gardener to Lord Southampton at Whittle-
bury Lodge, Towcester, where he stayed only
about two years. In 1S53 the noble Italian man-
sion erected at Cliveden, from the designs of Barry,
was finished, and on Mr. Meredith, the then gardener
(and afterwards noted Grape grower at Garston),
leaving about 1855, Mr. Fleming became gardener to
the late Duke of Sutherland. Between 1S56 and 1S58
he carried out many alterations in the pleasure
grounds ; in fact, completely altering the whole aspect
of the place. In the laying-out of the flower garden
he succeeded, under great difficulties (the beds having
to be excavated out of the solid chalk), in working
out a design of his own creation, which, though many
have criticised, none have yet improved upon. It was
in this garden that, encouraged by the late Dowager
Duchess of Sutherland, he commenced the system of
winter and spring bedding, which afterwards became
so popular. It was in the spring of 1859, we think,
when the spring garden was first seen to the greatest
advantage, and so great was his success during the
next few years that, with a view to meeting ihe strong
demand that set in for information on the subject, he
wrote his little book, Spring and U'inlcr Gardening,
which was published at the Journal of Horticnlture
office in 1864. On the death of the distinguished
lady, to whose love for spring flowers he owed the
opportunity he had had of developing that phase of
gardening that was almost a passion with him, Clive-
den passed into the hands of the Duke of West-
minster, and Mr. Fleming may almost be said to have
passed with it, for he resisted an offer of a position that
others would have accepted in favour of the place he
had made his home. In 1S70, to meet the larger
demands of the Westminster family, the glass depart-
ment had to be reorganised, and he designed the
new set of plant and fruit forcing structures that were
erected by Mr. James Gray, of Chelsea, who went over
to " the great majority," but a few hours before him.
Mr. Fleming was a member of the committee which
organised and so successfully carried out the great
International Horticultural Exhibition of 1S66, and
previous to that had from 1862 to 1864 been a member
of the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society.
Besides his flower gardening, Mr. Fleming was an
adept in the art of producing early fruits and flowers
under glass, and in the kitchen garden never failed in
producing vegetables in abundance and of the best
quality. We do not know that he was the raiser of
any novelties, but it will be remembered that a few
years ago he was the means of bringing the merits of
the Negro Largo Fig more prominently before the
members of the craft. Though in a critical state of
health, he kept up his correspondence with friends
until a few days before his death, on the night of
Monday last, an event which none will regret more
than ourselves,
The death is announced of Mr. JOHN Eliot
Howard, the scientific chemist and quinine manu-
facturer. Mr, Howard probably inherited his love of
scientific research from his father, Mr. Luke Howard,
F.R.S., a well-known meteorologist in his day, and
a correspondent of Goethe, who admired his works
sufiiciently to write a poem on their author, He was
the great-grandson of an officer who lost his fortune
and estate in the cause of James II., and his wife was
descended from the Westons, Earls of Portland.
Their son was born on December 1 1, 1807, and passed
a long life of active usefulness. His diligent re-
searches connected with the history of febrifuge alka-
loids led, in 1S58, to his purchase at Madrid of a
manuscript by Pavon, and of a large collection of
specimens of Peruvian Bark collected by that botanist
in Peru. He also employed the botanical artist,
Mr. Fitch, to proceed to Madrid and execute careful
drawings from Pavon's specimens. The result was
the publication, in 1862, of Mr. Howard's magnificent
illustrated work. Illustrations of the " Nucva
Quinologia " of Pavon, and Observations on tlic Batics
Described. When Mr. Clements Markham intro-
duced the cultivation of Cinchona plants, yielding the
febrifuge alkaloids, from South America into India,
he found in Mr. Howard a most valuable adviser,
ever ready to take any trouble, and to help by all
means in his power in furthering an undertaking
which he believed to be of great public utility. Mr.
Howard rendered his assistance in the most public-
spirited way, and without a thought of recompense or
remuneration. He undertook the laborious analysis
of barks grown on the plantations in India, and
furnished a series of reports, which have been
invaluable as guides to the cultivators. In 1869
he embodied the results of his investigations in
another costly work, entitled Qtdnology of ihe East
India Plantations, which has also been of essential
use to all who are engaged in Cinchona cultivation.
Mr. Howard's aid has thus been of great value and
importance, from the first, in securing the success of
this great undertaking. His disinterested services
were highly appreciated by the Government, and on
October 17, 1873, the Duke of Argyll, then Secretary
of State for India, caused a letter to be addressed to
Mr. Howard, conveying the thanks of Her Majesty's
Government to him for his valuable assistance in con-
nection with Cinchona cultivation. Mr. Howard
was the author of numerous pamphlets and papers in
pharmaceutical journals, but his literary work was by
no means confined to the subject of quinology. He
took a deep interest in the general progress of science,
he thought much on the questions which are occupy-
ing the minds of learned men, and on several occasions
he gave the results of his meditations to the world.
The high position he had gained as a man of science
was recognised by his election as a Fellow of the
Royal Society, and he was also a Fellow of
the Linnean .Society, corresponding member of the
Societe de Pharmacie de Paris, and of numerous
other scientific societies on the Continent. There
are many planters in India, scientific inquirers, and
men in all ranks of life who will hear of Mr. Howard's
death with sorrow, and will ever remember his kind-
liness and liberality, and the readiness with which he
gave them aid and advice. He died, almost suddenly,
on the 22d inst., aged 76.
To this notice, extracted from the Times, beyond
fully endorsing all that is said as to the kindliness of
the man and of his zeal in promoting his favourite
studies, we have little to add, Mr. Howard took
great pride in his garden, where his rockery gave
evidence of his love for plants, and where a separate
house was devoted to the culture of various Cin-
chonas, of which he had probably the largest collec-
tion anywhere in cultivation. His observations of
the plants in growth, aided by his extensive dried
collections, gave him a practical knowledge of these
puzzling plants beyond that of any writer on the sub-
ject since his lamented friend Weddell.
Latterly Mr. Howard took great interest in the
question of hybridisation, and specially as to the
stability of hybrids — matters in which some contro-
versy has been going on for some time among culti-
vators of Cinchonas in India and elsewhere. Without
entering at this time upon disputed points, which are
nevertheless of great interest to practical cultivators,
we may still perform a melancholy duty by pub-
lishing a letter which we received from him so
recently that from press of matter and considerations
of space we had not been able to publish it, but which
will now be read with special interest : —
" Your article on the dying out of the Lombardy
Poplar in Germany interests me in connection with what
I learn from Ceylon of the flying out of some sorts of
Cinchona there and at Darjeeling.
"'A Java Proprietor' writes recently in the Ceylon
Observer : — ' Regarding Cinchona, I must confess I wa,*:
not prepared to hear such gloomy accounts, ... I
think your want of success has been due chiefly to the
(]iiality of the soil ; but I Icel convinced that with more
attention to your seed — being sure that the same is from
mature trees, and more care with your nurseries — not
being in too great a liurry to put out poor weakly plants,
your failures would not come up to 66 per cent., as I am
told they do all round."
" It might be a great help to the planters if you would
taring to bear on this subject the conclusions of your
large experience. I suppose that I am right in saying
that hybrids are, as a rule, unstable and untrustworthy ;
and this state of things prevails largely in our colonies.
Then there are, however, one or more very valuable and
stable sorts which are credited with being hybrid, and
about which there has been much controversy, without
any clearly defined result. An example of this is found
in what is called the 'Jamaica hybrid,' of which a cor-
respondent writes me that he has 30,000 in a new and
promising plantation in South America.
" Of this I have excellent specimens of flower, leaf, and
fruit, and cannot distinguish these from the C. oflicinalis
as defined by Sir J. D. Hooker, which Dr. Trimen assures
me are increasing in Ceylon. He says (April i6, r383) : —
' Hybrids, both natural and artificial, are increasing, and
it is easy to recognise now LedgeriaTia and succirubra,
calisaya and succirubra (clearly distinct), Ledgeriana, and
officinalis. The second is, I believe, your anglica." (?)
Of course I am not in a position to try any experiments
in this line, having only once been able to ripen the ^eed
from my Cinchonce, and I cannot learn of any reliable
experiments in India. I have, it is true, the results of
some by the late Mr. Mclvor, but these were cut short
by his premature death."
We have also to announce the death, on
November 21, of Mr. William Youell, of
Yarmouth. Years ago Mr. Youell carried on
a good business as nurseryman and florist at
Great Yarmouth, his speciality being Gladioli and
hardy florists' flowers ; and we believe he was, if not
the first, one of the earliest who sent up plants from
the country for sale at Stevens' Rooms. Late in life
misfortunes came upon him ; he lost his business, and
in 1881 was elected a pensioner on the funds of the
Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution.
Jloiiists' lloui^ra.
Seasonable Notes : Auriculas. — The alpine
Auriculas are being very much cultivated out-of-doors,
and they are certainly very beautiful subjects for the
adornment of the alpine or rock garden, and are well
adapted to fit into nooks that are partially shaded
from the sun. The noonday and early afternoon sun
is too hot for them, but they delight in the morning
sun ; and in the rock garden it is generally easy enough
to give them the position they want. We have spaces
in our rock garden that hold about a dozen plants of
the best varieties, and they have a much better effect
in that way than they have as isolated specimens in
the flower borders. The weather has been fine, and
the ground in good condition, so we have planted a
quantity out. Those that have been planted out and
established require frequent looking over to destroy
slugs and to remove dead and decaying leaves, which,
if allowed to remain, may injure the stems of the
plants, and cause decay to set in. All the alpines
are adapted for out-of-doors culture. At present the
general collection of show Auriculas merely require
looking over to remove the decaying leaves. During
damp frosty weather the outer leaves die off very
rapidly at this season. The plants scarcely require
any water except those that bloomed in the autumn,
and are now making new hearts. These must have a
little water in fine weather, to aid in maturing .the
incipient flower trusses. Remove the lights from the
frames whenever it does not rain ; the plants do not
mind very cold weather.
Carnations and Picotees.— Like the Auriculas
the more hardy varieties of these are grown out in the
702
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[December i, 1883.
open borders, in all the best gardens. Many of the
growers for exhibition also cultivate the choice
varieties out-of-dbnrs in the open borders. They are
planting them out at the present time in deeply
trenched and well manured soil. Perhaps the best
manure for the Carnation and Picotee is the sweep-
ings of the cattle markets. There is a large market
for cattle at Newcasile-on-Tyne, and the growers there
can obtain a good supply; so well does it answer,
that they take their blooms to Manchester and beat
some of the best growers, who cultivate hundreds of
pot plants. In heavy soils, manure swept from the
streets and roadways, where it can be had, would beat
anything else. A grand display of border Carnations
may be had by putting out a dozen plants together in
the border. They should be planted a foot apart ;
they can be layered in August where they are growing,
and the plants may remain where they are for several
seasons, merely thinning out the rooted layers if they
are too close to each other, The plants in small pots
in the frames will now need but little water through
the winter ; they will, however, require plenty of air.
The plants must occasionally be looked over to remove
any decaying leaves. There will be no danger of
" spot " appearing if they are freely aired.
Hollyhocks. — A large dump of seedlings pro"
duces a grand display in their season ; and for all
garden purposes they are as good as named varieties :
they may be planted about 3 feet apart ; by this time
of course they are well established in the open ground.
A mulching of stable manure, spread over the ground
where they are growing will protect the plants from
frost. We have a large stock of summer propagated
plants this year, and they make a very handsome dis-
play early in the year. The plants are now in an un-
healed pit where they may remain all through the
wirHer. The ground where they are to be planted
should now be trenched and heavily manured, and it
may be pointed over two or three times in tine
weather during the winter. A sharp look-out
must be kept for the first appearance of the
disease, and as soon as the first trace ofitisseen,
pick the diseased leaves off, and dip the whole plant
in soft-soapy water wherein a quantity of flowers of
sulphur has been dissolved,
Pansies and Pinks. — Both out-of-doorsand in pots
these require very similar treatment at this season.
If the plants are well established and strong, they
will stand the winter well ; if not, they will require
more looking after. In the open ground the alter-
nate frosts and thaws loosen the plants, so that it is
necessary to look over them at least twice in a month,
to stir the surface of the ground, and to make any
plants firm that are loosened by frost. The Pansies
may be pegged down to the ground, and any of the
plants of Pinks that require support may have small
sticks placed to them. The plants in pots protected
by glass lights do not need much attention ; they
require looking over about once in a week to see that
none of them suffer for want of water. The Pansies
have been much attacked this year by a reddish
coloured aphis ; this pest is very troublesome, and
does the plants much injury. It is best to destroy it
by dipping the plants in tobacco or soapy water. The
plants of the forcing type potted up for this purpose
require all the same treatment — plenty of air and
light in the cold frames.
Tulips. — Our whole collection of named varieties
was planted out about the middle of last month ; they
had started to grow considerably, and it would have
been quite as well if they had been planted two weeks
sooner. The ground was dug up just before planting,
which gave us a dry medium to plant in, and some
good maiden loam was placed over the bulbs. To
do Tulips well they must have rich, deep, and loose
soil. Heavy soils may be made lighter by working in
plenty of stable manure and leaf-mould, sand, or
cocoa-nut fibre refuse may also be used. % Douglas^
Great Gearics^ I/ford.
U2t mmi\tx.
STA TB OF THE WEA THER A T BLACICHEA TH, LONDON,
Boxwood. — Considering the great demand there
is for boxwood, and the various attempts that have
been made of late years to find a substitute, it is but
poor consolation to know that extensive groves of
this valuable wood exist in Lazistan and in the canton
of Geureie. which last are described as being espe-
cially "extensive, but are turned into lUtle account
owing to iheir ownership being in contestation be-
tween the Government and the peasants. There
seems, however, to be no intention to settle the
qj^estion, which so long as it remains in suspense
deprives both of them, as well as British trade — for
this wood is especially sent to England — from the
profits which might be derived from its exportation."
Fob the
Week ending
We
DNE
SDAY,
Nov
[iMDER
28, 1883
Hygrome-
trical De.
Barometer,
Temperature of
THE Air.
ductions
from
Glaisher's
Wind.
■?
Tables 6th
n
Ldition.
Q
J
g
z
Z
:fi2,-
■^° J,
S .= ".
«
rA
s
"if
lit
1
5
tit
0.0
s.
0
<k
Nov.
In.
In.
„
0
0
In.
22
2957
-o.ii 49.0
41.0
8.044.9
+ 3-
39-9 83
s.w.
0.00
23
29.65
-0.0144.2
33.0, 9 2|397
-2.0
36.3 88
s.w.
031
24
2933
—0.3650.7
36 514-245-8
+ 4.2
42 .{ 87 1
S.W. :
w.a.w
0.30
2S
2891
-o.79S4.t
47 0 7-050.3
+ 8.7
,6.9 88
s.
0.59
26
29.13
-0.5649-5
41.0 S.5'44.9-H 3-3
40.6 86
s.w.
0.4;
"7
29. S3
+0.1849 5
36.013-543-8+ 2.2
3S-9 82 {
w. s vv
0.00
23
30.18
+0.37 55 .5
45.010 5S3'i,+ 8.5
1 '
,7.2 90
s.w.
0 00
Mean
2952
1
—0.1950.3
40.2 10 I
45.6|-1- 4-0
41.7 85
s.w.
1.6S
Nov. 22. — Dull day and niohc.
— 23. — Heavy rain in early morning. Fine from 9 a.m.
Fine nigtit ; cloudless.
• — 24. — Heavy rain in early morning. Fine day ; sun
shining faintly. Slight rain from 8 p m. to mid-
night. The maximum temperature of this day
took p'ace at midt.ight.
— 25 — Very dull day ; almost continual rain. Fine from
4PM to 8 30 P M. Rain till 9 P M.
— 26. — Ram falling heavily in early morning. Fine day
and night ; cloudless.
— 27 — Fine bright day and ntght.
— 28. — Fine bright day. Aurora Borealis early in the
evening.
London : Atmospheric Pressuj-e. — During the week
ending November 24, the reading of the barometer at
the level of the sea increased from 29.77 inches at the
beginning of the week to 30 or incties by 9 a.m. on
the iSth, decreased to 29 92 inches by midnight on
the same day, increased to 30.01 inches by midnight
on the 19th, decreased to 29 92 inches by 9 a.m.,
and increased to 30.09 inches by midnight on the 20th,
decreased to 29 90 inches by 3 P.M. on the 2ist, in-
creased to 29 98 inches by midnight on the same day,
decreased to 29 70 inches by midnight on the 22d,
increased to 29. 86 inches by midnight on the 23a,
and was 29.41 inches by the end of the week.
The mean reading for the week was 29. 84 inches,
being 0.07 inch lower than last week, and 0.03 inch
below the average of the week.
Temperature. — The highest temperature in the
shade in the week was 5i°.7, on the 21st; the highest
reached on the 23d was 44°.2. The mean of the
seven high day temperatures was 49°.
The lowest temperature was 33". 8, on the l8th ;
on the 22d the lowest temperature was 41°. The
mean of the seven low night temperatures was 37^4-
The greatest range of temperature in one day was
15°. 8, on the iSih ; and the smallest was 8°, on the
22d. The mean daily ranges was 11". 6.
The mean temperatures were — on November 18,
42°. 4 ; on the I9ih, 44°- 5 ; on the 20th, 43°. r; on
the 2 1st, 45°.S ; on the 22<J, 44°. 9; on the 23d, 39". 7;
and on the 24ih, 45^-8 ; and these were all above (ex-
cepting the 23d, which was 20° below) by ©".Si 2". 7,
i°.4, 3°,8, 3°. 2, and 4°. 2 respectively.
The mean temperature was 43°.7, being 4°. 5 higher
than last week, and 2° above the average of the
week.
The highest reading of a thermometer with
blackened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the
sun was 90°. 5. on the 24th. The mean of the seven
readings was 7S^7.
The lowest reading of a thermometer with its bulb
placed on short grass was 25°, on the iSih. The
mean of the seven readings was 29°. 2.
Rain. — Rain fell on five days to the amount of 0.67
inch.
England : Temperature. — During the week ending
November 24 the highest temperatures were 56° at
Truro, 54° at Plymouth, and 53° at Bristol ; the
highest at Preston was 46°, at Bradford afi°.6, and at
Bolton 46°. S. The general mean was 49''.9.
The lowest temperatures were 28°. 9 at Wolver-
hampton, and 30°. at Nottingham and Hull ; the
lowest at Truro was 40^ at Liverpool 37° 5, and at
Plymouth 37°. The general mean was 33* 9.
The greatest ranges were 19°. 3 at Nottingham,
lS°.6 at Wolverhampton, and 18". 3 at Cambridge;
the smallest ranges were 11°. at Preston, I2°.5 at
Sheffield, and I2°.6 at Bradford. The general mean
was x6'*.
The mean of the seven high day temperatures was
highest at Truro, 53°.8, at Plymouth 52°.4, and at
Brighton 5o''.2 ; and were lowest at Bolton, 44°. 6,
at Hull 44". S, and at Bradford and Preston 44°.9,
The general mean was 47°. 6.
The mean of the seven low night temperatures
were highest at Truro, 42°.!, at Liverpool 40^^, and
at Plymouth 40° ; and were lowest at Wolverhampton,
32".!, at Nottingham 33°, and at Hull 33°.7. The
general mean was 36°. 6.
The mean daily range of temperature was greatest
at Cambridge, 13^9, at Wolverhampton I2°.9, and
at Nottingham 12^8 ; and were least at Preston, Q^.Z^
at Bradford 7°.8, and at Liverpool 8°.4. The general
mean was 1 1°.
The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 47°.6,
at Plymouth 45°. 9, and at Brighton 44°.! ; and was
lowest at Wolverhampton, 38^2, at Hull 38°.9, and
at Bolton 39°. The general mean was 41°. 8.
Haiti. — The largest falls were — 2.36 inches at
Bristol, 1.97 inch at Truro, and 1.32 inch at Brighton ;
the smallest falls were — 0.40 inch at Hull, 0.47 inch
at Cambridge, and 0.54 inch at Liverpool. The
general mean fall was 1.03 ir.ch. Rain fell on every
day in the week at most places.
Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end-
ing November 24 the highest temperature was 53°,
at Paisley ; at Dundee the highest in the week was
45°. 6. The general mean was 48''. 2.
The lowest temperature in the week was 26", at
Perth ; at Greenock the lowest temperature was
" 33°. The general mean -was 30". 5.
The mean temperature was highest at Paisley,
40". 6 ; and lowest at Perth, 36°.7. The general
mean was 38°. 8.
Rain. — The largest fall was 5.85 inches at Greenock,
and the smallest was 0.17 inch at Aberdeen. The
general mean fall was 2.25 inche?.
JAMES GLAISHER. F.R.S.
Answers to Correspondents.
" Botanical Magazine : " Botany. The Botanical
M<igazine, which contains five coloured plates, with
scitntific descriptions of new or rare plants, is pub-
hshed monthly by LoveU Reeve & Co, Price 3^. 6af.
Chicory : y. L. C. Grow it in exactly the same way as
you would Salsafy or Scorzonera. A good deep-tilled
sandy loam suits it best.
Chrysanthemum Show at the Aquarium : Erra-
turn. We are informed that Mr. K. E. Reeve, gar-
dener to J. J. Elliott, Esq., Hadley Green, Barnet,
was ist lor six trained pompons, and not Mr. G.
Archer, as stated in our report.
Early Mushrooms : J. P. L. If the Mushrooms do
not weigh more than from 4 oz. to 5 J oz., we do not
see where their " enormous size and substance " comes
in. Have you not made a mistake in recording the
weights? If not, then your samples are but of an
ordinary character.
Grafting— Effects of Stock on Scion : X. You
will find a summary of the observations made on this
point in an article by Dr. Masters in the Popular
Science Review, April, 1S71.
Gros Colmar Grape : A. B. They were so badly
packed, and in such a mess when they arrived, that we
can say nothing about them.
Indiarubber Water - bottle : Constant Reader.
Apply to Messrs. Corry, Soper, Fowler & Co., Fins-
bury Street, E.C.
Kay's Dendrometer : Q. will find this useful imple-
ment advert'sed by Messrs. Dicksons & Co., Waterloo
Place, Edinburgh.
Larch and Fir Planting : T. T. As the ground
has been cropped so many years with these kinds it
should have either compltje rest from tree cultivation
for a long series of yeras, or if you must have a covert
there, plant it with deciduous trees and underwood.
Why not try Chestnut and Oak, if the soil and situa-
tion are suitable, or Beech, Hornbeam, and Maple ;
in the damp places Ash, Alder, Poplar in variety?
As underwood there are the Hazel in variety, Acer
campeslre, Corniis mascula, Euonymus, Thorns in
variety, the Privets, Snowberry, Rhus Cotinus, Ribes,
Willow, or evergreens, such as Laurels, Daphne
laureola, Cotoneaster Simonsi, Mahonia aquifolia,
Yew, Rhododendron ponticum ; and on the margins
common Junipers. In all coverts it is desirable to
introduce, on the outsides at least, fine-foUage trees,
such as Copper Beech, the American Maples, Oaks,
and Ashes, Golden Tulip trees, Schwedler's Sycamore,
Catalpa, and such-like, to give variety in colouring in
autumn tints.
LOMARIAS : 7- ^' ^' Ws suspect that there has been
something wrong with regard to the ventilation, but
what that may be we have no means of knowing.
We should not expect a moderately moist atmosphere
to be the cause of the mischief.
Names of Fruit : \V. Stevens. i. Cat's-head ; 2,
Hgg, or White Paradise ; 3, Kerry Pippin. — W. C.
Le./ch. New or Winter Hawlhornden. — Z. B, fear:
Swan's Egg. — M. T. M. Fine specimen of Marie
Louise. — i\ S. ^ B. 2, Rymer ; 3, Yorkshire
Beauty ; 4, Hambledon Deux-ans. Others unknown.
— A. R. The variety named Russet Thorn appears
December i, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
703
to be Yorkshire Bsauty ; Scotch Bridget is correctly so
called. The others are local sorts we do not know.
Names of Plants : Enquirer, i, A larg.'-lcived
variety of Taxus baccata ; 2, Tsuga canadensis ; 3,
Abies nobilis ; 4, Picea excelsa var. ; 5, [uniperus sp,,
wliich wc cannot dtitermine without better materials ;
6, Abies Kraseri, — ■ /'. B. T. Datura Stramonium
(the Thorn Apple). — G. Heasmaii. We cannot under-
take to name Chrysanthemums. Take tliem to some
nursery where Chrysanthemums are grown. — R, C.
Gymnogramme tartarea. — G. A', i, 2, and 6, material
insufficient ; 3. Adiantum cuneatum ; 4, Cypripedium
venustum ; 5, Dendrobium bigibbuui, — IV. Rogcrson.
Zephyranthfs Atamasco. — A'. C. A, Davallia canari-
enbis ; c and d. Gymnogramme tarlarea ; I", Alocasia
cuprea ; and a leiter we cannot make out, Gymno-
gramme calomelanos. — IV. y. Vinca mmor.—
IV. y. D. Schizostylis coccinea.
Paxton's "Botanical Dictionaky : " A. C. The
last edition was published in 1S68.
Seakale ; C. P. After being forced the roots are no
good for planting out again.
TliA. COFFEK, AND CrNCHONA MeKCIIAN TS : Hortus.
Consult the London Directory, or apply to Messrs.
T. Chriity & Co., Fenchurch Street.
Yew Hedges : C. P. Cut them in July or August.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.
Clark Brothers & Co., 65. Scotch Street, Carlisle-
Forest and Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, &c.
W. P. Laikd & Sinclair, Dundee — Trade List of
Nursery Stock.
Thomas Imrie & Sons, Ayr — Forest Trees, Conifers,
Fruit Trees. Roses, &c.
Martin Grashoff, Quedlinburg, Germany — Whole-
sale Trade Catalogue of Farm and Garden Seeds.
Richard Dean, Ranelagh Road, Ealing — New and
Choice Potatos.
Hogg & Wood, Coldstream, N.B, — General Nursery
Stock.
Dickson & Co., i, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh— Forest
Trees, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs.
Ben Reid & Co. , Aberdeen — Forest Trees, Conifers,
Shrubs, &c.
[OHN DOWNIE, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh — Roses,
Fruit Trees, Forest and Ornamental Trees, &c.
Frederick Roemer. Quedlinburg, Germany — Extra
Choice Flower Seeds.
Louis Van Houtte. Ghent, Belgium — Hardy Herba-
ceous and Alpine Plants, Fruit Trees, &c.
Communications Rechived, — Cucumus RIelo {has not satis-
fied Us thai his enquiry is a genuine rine). — R. C. — H, E, —
L. H. G.— J. T— J. K-A. R-J. R.-; R. N — R. D.—
S. B.— A. U.-A. R.-G. L— Dr Wallace.— W. B. H. -
A. D'Haene ("next week). — D. C. P. (many ihanks) — B. A.—
F. K.-H & >.-J. *". &Co,— H. E.-J. V. v.— P. F.—
C W. D.-A D. W.-H. J. V.
linrlvcts.
CO VENT GARDEN, November 29.
Market dull, with good supplies, more particularly
in home-grown Grapes, Prices favourable to buyers.
Kent Cobs dull. James Webber, Wholesale Apple
Market.
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Pkkes.
s. d. s. d.
Lemons, per case ..15 0-25 o
Peats, French, doz, 16-40
Pifie-apples ling ,1b. 2 o- ..
— St, Michael's, each 50-80
s. d. s d.
Apples, J^-sieve .. 10-40
Cobs, ptr 100 lb.. .140 0-150 o
Fits, per do7en .. 10- ..
Grapes, per lb, .. 10- 30
Vegetables —Average Retail Prices.
.r. d. s. d.
Artichokes, (
per d >z. . . . . 3 c- 5 o
— JerU'^alem buih. 40-..
Beans, French, lb. . . i c- ..
Beet, per doz. ,. 10- ..
Cabbages, per doz, . . 10-20
Carrots, per bun. .. 04-06
Cauliflowers, Eng-
lish, do7en . . ..20-30
Celenac, per root . . 04-06
Celery per bundle.. 16-26
CuC'imbers, each .. 04-0 8
Eiidive, Engliih, per
dozea .. ..10-..
Garlic, per lb. .. 06- ..
Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04
. d. s. d.
30-40
Horse Radish, bund.
Lettuces, Cabbage,
per dozen .. ..10-..
— Cos, per dozen. . 16-..
Mint gieen, bunch.. 06-.,
Mushrooms, p. babkt. 10-20
Unions, per bushel, . 36- ..
— Spring, per bun. 06-..
Paisley, per bunch., o 4— ..
Radishes, per do/. .. 16-..
Salsaly, per bundle. . 08-.,
Seakale. per punnet 26-..
Small saladit g pun. 04-..
Spinach, per bushel 36-..
Tomatns, per lb ..09-10
Tumi^js, new, bun. 04-..
Potatos — Kent Kidnevs, £4 to £4 10s. per ton ; do.. Regents,
^3 H.S. to £^ K.S. ; Chamj;ions, JCi i(.s. to £i 15J. per ton.
Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices.
J. d. s d.
Aralia Siebi^'di, doz. 12 0-24 o
Arbor-viiEC (fjoldeii),
per doen . . . . 6 0-18 o
— (common), dozen 6 o-iz o
Azaleas each .. 16-36
Begonias, per doz. ,, 6 0-12 o
Buuvafd'as, doz. ..12 o 18 o
Cflry^anlh., per doz. 6 o-i8 o
Ci-Uus, doz, .. .. 2 Q- f) o
Cyclamen, per d'^zen 9 o 18 o
Diacsna term. do?... 30 0-60 o
— viridis, perdaz..i2 0-24 o
Epiphyliuni, per doz.18 031^0
lifiica, various, doz... g 024 o
Euonymus. various,
per dozen .. .. g 0-18 o
Evergreens, in var,,
per dozen . , . . 6 0-34 o
s. d. s, d.
Ferns, in variety, per
dozen ..4 0*18 o
Ficus. elpstica. each 16-70
Foliage Plants, vari-
ous, each .. ..2 o-io o
Fuch;ias per dozen 4 c- g o
H vacin., R im., doz.iS 0-24 o
M.»rguefite Daisy,
per d^jzen .. .. 8 0-12 o
Myitlcs, p.rdoz. .. 6 C-12 o
Palms in variety,
each 2 6-2£ o
Pelargoniums, scar-
let, per dozen ..40 90
Poin etuas, per doz.18 0-24 o
Solanums, per dozen 8 0-15 o
Tulips, per dozen ., 8 0-12 o
Cut Flowers.— Average WjtoLESALE Prices.
Abutilon. la bunches 2
Arum Lilies, 13 blms. 4
Azalea, white, iz spr i
Bouvardias, per bun, i
Camellias, per do/. . . 2
Carnations, 13 blms. i
Chrysanth., 12 blms, o
— 12 bunches .. 4
CyclHmen, 13 blooms o
Epiphyllum. i3btms. o
Euchans, per doz. .. 4
Gardenias, 13 blms.. 6
Gladioli, 12 spikes., i
Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o
Hyacinihs (Roniaii),
12 sprays .. . . i
Lap^igeiia, white, 13
blooms . . . . 3
— red. la blooms., i
Lilac, white Fr., bun. 8
Lity-of- Valley, spray o
— 12 sprays .. 8
d. s. d.
0-40
0-80
0-20
0-16
0-50
0-30
6-30
6-10
0-60
0-90
0-30
6- I o
6-20
0-60
0-30
0-10 o
6-10
0-12 o
5. d. J. d.
Marguerites, 13 bun. 40-60
Mignonette, i3 bun. 30-60
Naicisbus (Paper-
while) .. ..30-40
Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 10-20
— zonal, 12 sprays 04-09
Poiusettia, la bloonii 6 c-12 o
Primula, double, bun. 10-16
— ^ ingle, 13 bun . . 60-90
Roses (indoor), doz. 30-60
— coloured, doz. . . 3 c- 8 6
Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9 0-13 o
Tropajolum, 12 bun. 10-20
Tuhcrosts, per doz.. 16-30
Tulips, la blooms ..30-30
Violets, IV bunches.. 10-16
— French, per bun. 16-30
— Parmc, per bun. 40-50
Walllljwer, 13 bun.. 30-40
White Jasmine, per
bunch .. ..06-10
SEEDS.
London : Nov. 28.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, of
37, Mark Lane, E.C., report that tlicseed market to-day
was poorly attended, and but lilile business was done.
Red Clover seed is firm at Monday's rates ; French
holders are asking more money, and offers from America
do not come to hand freely. There is a continued
scarcity of fine white and Alsike. Choice samples of
Trefoil command increased prices. For spring Tares
the sale is slow. New Haricot Beans are good and cheap.
The Canary seed market is weaker. Hemp seed is with-
out alteration.
CORN.
At Mark Lane on Monday a fiat tone prevailed.
English Wheat was not pressed for sale, and quotations
were nominal, but to have sold in quantity lower prices
must have been taken, and the same may be said of
foreign. Flour was dull, with drooping prices. Beans
were very firm, witli an upward tend<^ncy. Peas and
Lentils were is. dearer on the week. The Barley trade
slack, with prices of both malting and grinding descrip-
tions, excepting the finest qualities of the iornier, in
favour of buyers. Common Russian Oats ranged 3*/.
under the rates current on Monday se'nnight, other
qualities remaining unaltered, and demand moderate.
Flat Maize was rather dearer than at last report, but
round corn was dull, — On Wednesday sales of Wheat
were very difficult to effect, and easier rates were in some
cases accepted. Flour was dull, wiih a drooping ten-
dency. A quiet market (or Barley at previous rates.
Beans and Peas firm, the latter especially so. Flat Maize
was held for 6(/. advance, but business was checked by
these terms. Oats were dull, but prices steady. — Aver-
age prices of corn for the week ending Nov. 24 : — Wheat,
40J. 5-/. ; Barley, 321. lOi/. ; Uats. igs. jd. For the
corresponding week last year : — Wheat, 40s. iid. ;
Barley, 34.f. J^d. ; Oats, 24J. ^d.
CATTLE.
At the Metropolitan Market on Monday the beast
supplies were not heavy. The trade generally was dull,
and prices barely supported. Sheep were not numerous,
but were adequate to demand, and prices remained
about as before. Our top quotations are for about
9-stone averages. Prime calves were scarce, and fairly
firm in value ; whilst pigs were a slow sale. Quotations :
— Beasts, 4^. to 5^., and 5^. :id. to 6^. ; calves, 51. to
6s. 8d. ; sheep, $s. 4d. to 6^., and 6s. 8d. to ys. ^d. ;
pigs, 45. to \s. %d. — Thursday's trade was quiet, without
any special feature. Business throughout was limited,
and prices for all qualities remain as on Monday.
HAY.
Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that sup-
plies were not over-large, but trade very dull, and prices
as follows: — Prime old Clover, 955. to 1021. 6d. ; in-
ferior, 6of. to 75J. ; prime second cut, 90J. to 105J. ;
best meadow hay, 8oj. to 84J. ; inferior, 40^. to 65J. ; and
straw, 3oi. to 37J. per load. — On Thursday there was a
moderate supply. Trade was very quiet, and prices un-
altered. — Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior
meadow hay, 78J. to 88r. ; inferior, bos. to 70J. ;
superior Clover, 105J. to iiaj. ; inferior, 70/. to 84J. ;
and straw, 341. to 38.;. per load.
POTATOS.
The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state
that supplies continue fully adequate to the demand,
which remains quiet, as follows :— Magnum Bonums,
looj. to IIOJ-. ; Regents, 100s. to 110s. \ Champions, 8oi.
to 90i. ; Roses, 8oi^. per ton.
COALS.
The following are the prices current at market during
the week : — Bebside West Hartley, 151. 34/. ; Ravens-
worth West Hartley, 15J. ^d. ; East Wylam, 17.^. ;
Walls End — Hetton, igs. ; Hetton Lyons, i-js. 6d. ;
Lambton, iSs. 6d. ; Wear, 17J. 6d. ; Tunstall, ^ys. 6d. ;
East Hardepool, 18'. 9^/. ; South Hardepool, \ys. gd. ;
Thornley, iSs. and i8j. 6d. ; Tees, jgs.
Government Stock. — Consols closed on Monday
at 101 V to ioi| for both delivery and the account.
Tuesday's final quotations were loi^ toioi| for both the
account and delivery. Prices closed on Wednesday and
Thursday at loi^- to ioi| for both dehvery and the
account.
EARLY PEAS for MARKETING.
SUTTON & SONS
CAN SUfl'LV
BUTTONS' IMPROVED EARLY
CHAMPION,
BUTTONS' RINGLEADER,
EARLY SUNRISE,
INVICIA,
I'lRST AND BEST,
DANIEL O'KOURKE.
Fe^ Prueni Scnuiu?. For Earliest Crops.
Lowest price per bushel and quarter on application.
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
READING.
s
EAKALE CROWNS.— 50,000 very finest,
for immediate saie.
T. ROSNAN, Norman Farm. Fulham. S.W.
SE ED'l I NCTIP O TAT o7^' TeTgCOT E
PURPLE KIDNEY."— The most nodceable of the
season, which gained a First Prize, also a First-ciass Ccrtilicate
in Its class at the Inlernationat Potato Exhibition. Will be sent
out at \s. per lb.. 251. per 28 lb., 451. per 56 lb., cash with order.
E. S. WILLS, Edgcote Park, lianbury, Oxon.
SPECIAL OFFER of PKiVeT, &c
50,000 EVERGREEN PRIVET, zj-^ to 1% feet, very
bushy, los.; 3 to 4 feet, extra stout, 25J. per noo.
50,000 PRIVET OVALIFOLIUM. very stuut and bushy
1 to ij^ foot, 20.1. per 1000 i 9 to 15 inches, very fine,
155. per looT.
MANEITI STOCKS, very strong, aoi-. and 255. per 1000.
LliVlES. extra large and stout, for avenue, &c., planting,
recenily ttansplanted. No reasonable offer refused.
SYCAMORE, 3 to 10 feet.
BEECH, 4 to loteet, fine.
RASPBERRIES, ji., 7^.6^., and \qs. per 100. Particulars
OD application.
Terms cash.
B. R. DAVIS, VeovilNurseries^ Yeovil.
P A
J.
MPAS PLUMES
AND TUBEROSE BULBS.
C. VAUGHAN, Chicago, U.S.A., makes
a speciality of the above items.
IN LARGE QUANTITIES AND BEST QUALITIES.
Correspnndence solicited.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE EEFOSE.
\d. per bu&htl ; loo for 25J : truck (loose, about 2 tons).
40s. ; 4-bushe' bags, id. each.
LIGHT BROWN FlBKuUS PEAT, 51. id. per sack ;
5 sacks, 25s ; sacks, ^d, each.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks 221. ; sacks,
id. each.
COARSE SILVER SAND, u grf. per bushel ; 131. per half
ton, 20J per ton ; in 2 bushel baes, ^d. each.
YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF-
MOUI.D. IS. perbuihel,
SPHAONUM MOSS, Ss. 6rf per sack.
MANURES, GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TO-
BACCO CI.OTH, RUSSI 4 MATS, &c. Wnie for Free
Price LIST.— H, G, SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith's Street,
Drury Lane (lately called 17A. Coal Yard), W.C.
C" OCOA NUT fTbRE REFUSE, newly
made, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society and
principal Nurserymen in England, in sacks at \s. 3^. each, or
15 sacks. i8i, ; 30 sacks, £,\ 5s., sacks included Truck-load,
loose, 37T. : fifteen bags or more and truck load free on to rail.
Post-office order or cheque wiih all oiders will oblige. Estab-
lished 1S72-J. STEVENS AND CO., " Greyhound " Yard,
and 132, Hieh Street, Baitesea, S. W,
12-oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps.
FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.—
BROWN FIBROUS Pt AT. best quality for Orchids.
Stove Plants &c.. /6 6i. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS
PEAT, (or Rhododendrons, A2aleas, Heaths. American Plant
Beds, 15J. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5.1 ; 5 Bags,
■zzs.td.; 10 Bags, 45i. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM,
xos 6d. per Bag. SILVER SAND. Coar^e or Fine, 52J. per
Truck of 4 tons. Rtd Sandstone RUCKWORK, £1 per Truck
of 4 tons. GRAVEL, good cr-Ionr. 25*. per Truck of 6 tons.
WALKh:^R AND CO.. Farnhorough Siarion, Hants.
PEAT, for Rhododendrons, «S:c., of excellent
quality, al=o the finest Yellow Fibrous LOAM. Light or
Close, fromiich loresl pasture land, in trucks of 4 tens 485.
each Selected PEAT. 3J,persa<k. SILVER SAN Dand LEAF
MOULD, 8(/. per bushel Sacks, 6d. each. Remittance with
order. B. LAMREKT. Rii^gwood.
Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure.
Manufactured by the
LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COIVIPANY
(JOHN COWAN). Limited,
The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool,
and Sold by thgjn and all Nurseryme7i and Seedsmen.
This is the Manure used to produce the splendid Grapes
grown by Messrs. Wm. Thomson & Son, Clovenfoids.
For full particulars, see New Circular, sent post-free on appli-
cation ; giving extracts from Horticultural Press and from letters
received by the Company from those who have used the manure.
704
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December i, i8
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
COCOA-NUT FIBRE KEFUSE. TOBACCO CLOTH,
PAPEE and KOPE, &c.
Superior quality, at exceptionally low prices.
PEAT, best Black Fibrous, from 4^. (id, per sack.
PEAT, best Brown Fibrous, from SJ. per sack.
PEAT, specially selected for Orcliids, from 6s. per sack.
LOAM, Yellow Fibrous, is. per bushel.
LEAF MOULD, best, 11. per bushel.
PEAT MOULD, ij. per bushel.
SILVER SAND, Coarse, is. 6d. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best, ad. per pound.
TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and ROPE, from 6i. per pound.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, ij. 6d. per bag ; per truck-
load of about 2 tons, 35J.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, 4s. 6d. per bag.
VIRGIN CORK, i8j. per cwt?
The Trade supplied on Wholesale terms.
W. WEBBER, 31. Glengarry Road, East Dulwlcli, S.E.
EUREKA!!! INSECTICIDE,
prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Edinburgh.
In Bottles, is., zs., and 3T. (d. each, -js. 6d. per Gallon.
Special quotations for large quantities.
TESTIMONIAL.
" Clo2>ettfords.hy Galashiels . N.B.,j7ily2K^^\ZZi. — Mr. Smith:
Dear Sir, we have now tried your Insecticide on all the
Insects we can find on any of our Plants, including Orchids, and
used as directed by you, we find it instant destruction to them
all, while it neither stains nor injures the tenderest leaf. We
shall in future use no Fir Tree Oil or other Insecticide but
yours.— We are, yours truly, WM. THOMSON and SONS."
Wholesale Aeents-IRELAND and THOMSON,
Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
For Beautiful Flowers and Fruits
Use CHUBB, ROUND and CO.'s Patent
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE
By CHTJBB'S PATENT PROCESS,
As supplied to all the Royal Gardens and Principal
Nurseries of Europe.
Guaranteed Ab.^olutely Pure. Free from any
Foreign Intermixture. Manufactured on the premises
from the famous *' Laguna " Cocoa-Nut Husks, and can only be
obtained from u? direct. This article is not to be confused with
so-called Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, sold by dealers and others at
ridiculously low prices, and dear in the end. Amongst numerous
Testimonials and extracts from scientific writers, to be seen at
our works, we hold the following :— From Mr, Charles Penny,
Head Gardener to H.R H. the Prince of Wales: "The Gar-
dens, Sandringham, February 28, 1883. — I must say your
Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse is far superior to any I have ever tried ;
in fact, it is simply perfection ; and the use of your Fibre for so
many purposes in Horticulture is a thorough boon. Make what
use you like of this letter." Useful at all seasons. Invaluable
for Potiing, Plunging, Forcing, Ferneries, Strawberries, Bulbs,
Mushrooms, Bedding-out Plants. &c.
DESTROYS Alili SLUGS AND INSECTS.
A n elegant Bordering to Flower Beds. Combines warmth
and cleanliness with valuable ajitiseptic and deodorising
Properties,
Moistens in Heat. Holds Heat in Cold Weather.
Terms, strictly cash with order. Prices as follows :— Sacks,
\s. 6d. each; 10 sacks, i-^s ; 15 sacks, iBj. ; zo sacks, 23J. ;
io sacks. 2,0s. (all sacks included). Truck-load, free on rail, £-2.
Amited quantities of SPECIAL QUALITY, Granulated,
in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each (two Prize Medals). Valuable for
Potting and use in Conservatory. — Only orders accompanied by
remittance will receive attention (in rotation). We also find it
necessary to caution Purchasers to beware of spurious imita-
tions; and, to obtain the genuine article, buy direct from the
Manufacturers, chdbB, ROUND & CO..
Fibre Works, West Ferry Road, Millwall, London, E.
GARDEN REQUISITES.
PEAT, LOAM, SILVER SAND,
PREPARED COMPOST, RAFFIA FIBRE,
TOBACCO CLOTH, &c.
Quality ttie Best in the Market.
(All Sacks included.)
PEAT, best brown fibrous . . ^s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks for 201.
„ best black fibrous . . 3J. &d. per sack ; 5 sacks for 155.
„ extra selected Orchid .. .. ^. od. ,,
LOAM, best yellow fibrous .. ..\
PREPARED COMPOST, best ..{is. per bushel (sacks
LEAF MOULD .. .. ..f included).
PEAT MOULD .. j
SILVER SAND (coarse) .. .. is. jrf. per bushel.
RAFFIA FIBRE, best only .. .. lo.j'. per lb.
TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported.. 8</, per ]b.,3S lb. i8t.
,. PAPER, finest imported speciality Sdf. perlb., 28 lb. i8s.
SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected. 21, per bushel. 61. per sack.
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (see special advertisement).
Terms, strictly C^sh with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO.,
WEST FERRY ROAD, MILLWALL,
LONDON, E.
PURE WOOD CHARCOAL
FOR
VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES,
ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES,
and general horticultural purposes.
HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds,
Yorkshire.
FINEST TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER,
at 8*/. and gd, per lb., 281b. i8j. Special quotations
for the Trade.
J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73, Rendlesham Road, Clapton, E.
ri ISHURST COMPOUND.— Used by many
V-' of the leading Gardeners, since 1859, against Red-spider,
Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from
I to 2 oz. to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 oz. as a
winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many
preparations intended to supersede it. In Boxes, u., 3^., & los. 6d.
AMERICAN BLIGHT on APPLE TREES
CURED by rubbing a wet hard Painter's brush on Gis-
hurst Compound, and working the lather into the infected part.
r^ISHURSTINE, for dry feet and boot com-
V-J fort, is much used by Gardeners, Farmers, Ladies,
Sportsmen, and Shore-waders ; is sold by Nurserymen and
Oilmen, with testimonials and directions for use, in boxes, bd.
and IS. each. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE
COMPANY (Limited). London.
AY'S DENDROMETER.— For Measuring
the Heigh' of Trees, &c., without calculation. Price ijs.bd.
Agents— DICKSONS and CO., Nurserymen and Seeds-
men, I, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
Bhubarl) and Seakale Forcing.
STRONG WELL-MADE POTS
for the above.
GARDEN POTS. ORCHID POTS, ALPINE POTS,
FERN PANS, SEED PANS,
and all kinds of GARDEN POTTERY of the best quality.
Price List Free.
J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare.
Bosbei's Garden Edging Tiles.
^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS
nade in materials of great durability. The
plainer sorts are specially
suited for KITCHEN
GARDENS, as they har-
bour no Slugs or Insects,
take up little room, and,
once put down, incur no
further labour or expense,
as do " grown " Edgings, consequently being much cheaper.
GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone,
very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design.
F. ROSHER AND CO.. Manufacturers, Upper Ground
Street, Blackfriars. S.E ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ;
Kingsland Road, E.
Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES,"
PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also
for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL
BRICKS.
Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post, The Trade supplied.
ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES,
for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c ,
from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or
more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection.
WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies.
larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable
Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles
of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates. Cemant, &c.
F. ROSHER AND CO., Buck and Tile Merchants.
See Addresses above.
ECONOMIC GREENHOUSE HEATER.
aiLVER SAND,
KJ fine or coarse gram as desired. Price, by post, per Ton
or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from
Pits to any Railway Stations. Samples of Sand free by post.
FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries.
KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any
quantities.
F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above.
N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves.
A liberal Discount to the Trade
In the "Gardeners' CUronicle" of Sept. 15 it says:—
«nnHE FASCINATING ROCK GARDEN
-L at Floore is rather extensive, Beautifully, carefully,
and Scientifically arranged, to suit the variety of subjects
pUnted thereon ; that there is a striking air of naturalness,
&.C., including happy families of Cacti," &c., &c. ; but omits
to say the Rocks were executed by
PDLHAM of BROXBOURNE, HERTS ;
also the picturesque home of the Emus, North African Rams,
&c., for E. G. LoDER, Esq.
Our system is wiih the Rocks and Planting to produce
Picturesque Scenery, pleasing all the year round.
Photo Illustrated Book sent to inspect for 12 stamps.
Also Book of FOUNTAINS, TERRACES, JARDINI-
ERES. KERBING, VASES, Figures, Art Flower Boxes,
Pots, &c., sent to inspect for 12 stamps.
BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.
Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of
BETHAm: & SON,
9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C.
B, & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by
12 in , 2oin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by iS in , in i6-oz.
and 3I-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up
purposes, in 200-ft. and 300-ft, cases.
SPECIALLY CHEAP GLASS.
Packing Cases free and not returnable.
100 Squares, got d Glass, at the following piiees, in Leeds : —
15 oz. 21 oz.
The least trouble of any for Small Conservatories, Greenhouses,
Garden Frames, &c.
Will Buyn from iz to 15 hours witJwut Smoke or Smell.
Wltli 15 feet run of IH incli Piping, 40s.
Capt. Leslie, .5"^ Leonard' s-on-Sea : — " The heater is very
satisfactory. "
Larger Sizes to Order.
TH03. CHRISTY & CO , 165, Fencliurch Street, E.C.
THOS. W, ROBINSON,
DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE,
4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4^- S'^- each.
4-iii. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6d. each.
Price List on application.
STOVES.
Terra-Cotta ! Portable ! For Coal!
ROBERTS'S PATENT.
Pure and ample Heat 24 hours or longer for
about \d., without attention. For Greenhouses,
Bedrooms, or almost any purpose. Pamphlet
and authenticated Testimonials sent. In use
daily at Patentee's— THOMAS ROBERTS.
112, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
UNDER SPECIAL ROYAL PATRONAGE
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
Inventors and Sole Proprietors of the
"ORIGINAL"
STOCK-BREEDERS' MEDICINE CHESTS,
For all Disorders in Horses, Cattle,
Calves, Sheep and Lambs,
And Inventors of the First Animal Medicines
ever known as " Day's."
13^ W 8 for gi. 6(/.
12 by 9 for gs td.
14 by 10 for 13J. ^d.
15 by 9 for f3,s. 6d.
HENRY WAINWRIGHT;
13K ty 8 for I2J. 6i/.
12 by q for i2.r. 6d.
14 by 10 for i8i. od.
15 by 9 for i8s. od.
Glass and Lead Merchant,
8 and 10, Alfred Street, Boar Lane, Leeds.
Price of Chest complete, including " Key to Farriery,"
£2 16s. 6d., sent carriage paid throughout Great Britain.
CAUTION.— Beware of imitations, and see that the
name, DAY, SON & HEWITT, ia on all Bottles and
Packets.
DAY, SON & HEWITT,
22, DORSET ST., BAKER ST., LONDON;
AND WANTAGE, BERKS.
Oil Faint No Longer Necessary.
HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH,
for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.
[RfCistered Trade Mark )
■^'^^|^'^<^^J^rJg■^_^
This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on
all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper It wa*;
introduced upwards of thirty years aeo by the Adveitisers, and
its Genuine g;ood quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled
imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. _ It
may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing;
or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at
Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many
hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most
flattering testimonials have been received.
Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i^ 6d. per gallon
at the Manufactory, or is. Sd. per gallon carriage paid to any
Station in the Kingdom.
Unsolicited Testimonial.
'* Piercejield Park, jtufie 21, 1876. — Sirs, — I have this day
forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask,
to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we
had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address
Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re-
spectfully. Wm. Cox."
CA f/r/OiV.— HiLL & Smith would particularly warn their
Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much
advertised.
H. & S-'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most
of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ;
and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the_ numerous
Testimonials they leceive, stamp it as a truly genuine articl«.
Every ca>k is legibly marked with their name and Registered
Trade Maik as above, without which none is genume.
Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field
and Entrance Gates, S:c. . sent free on application to
HILL AND SMITH, Biierley Hill Ironworks, Siaff"otdshire ;
iiS, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; and 196, St.Vinceiit
Street, Glasgow.
December t, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
705
LABELS.
WATERPROOF ROSE TREE
and all kinds of
DIRECTION LABELS.
FISHER, CLARK &
BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE.
CO.,
Under the Patronage of the Queen.
SM ITH'S IMPERISHABLE
STRATKORU LABELS.
The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised
BLACK-FACHD LETTBKS.
The Gardeners' Magazine says ; — " We must give these the
palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit."
Samples and Price Lists free.
J. SMITH, The Roynl Label Factory, Slratford-on-Avon.
BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH,
HORTICULTURAL
BUILDERS
AND H EAT! N G
ENGINEERS.
VINERIES
Erected in correct style by
competent men.
CONSERVATORIES.
GREENHOUSES
For all parts of the World of fir^t-
class materials.
GARDEN FRAMES OF EVERY VAKIETY in Stcck or Made to Order,
No. 74 Three-quarter Span-roof Garden Frame.
Cash Prices, Cahreage Paid.
No. 2 8 feet loi>g .. 6 (eet wide , . ;C4 iS o
No. 3 .. 12 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 6 lo o
No. 4 .. 1 6 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. 850
These Frames are 11 inches deep ia front, 22 inches deep at
I'.ick, and y-i inches in ihe centre. Front or back lights turn over.
.■■et-opes are provided for ventilating. All painted four coats of
best oil colour, the lights gUzed with best ■?\-oz. English glass.
General CA TALOGUE post-free, twenty-fout
No. 75. Melon or Cucumher Frames.
Cash Prices, Carriage Paid.
No. 2 .. 8 feet long .. 6 feet wide .. £2 7 ^
No. 3 .. laleetlong .. 6 feet wide .. 4 »7 ^
No. 4 .. 16 (eet long .. 6 feet wide .. 676
These Frames are 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches deep
at ihe back ; the lights are 2 inches thick, with an iron bar and
j one handle to each light. AH painted four coats of best oil
i colour, the lights Ela2ed with 21-oz. English glass.
Pemiy stamps. Estimates and Lists post-free.
FOSTEE & PEARSOI, BEESTOI, l^OTTS.
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"GARDENERS
CHRONICLE.'
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HORTICULTURAl STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED.
WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &C.
S 2
f t3
■a • a
S|<3
•a M
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HOT-
JAMtS BOYD «. SONS,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS and
HEATING ENGINEERS,
PAISLEY.
LONDON OFFICE : 48, Pall Mall, S.W.
WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS,
HARNESS ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION.
GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels,
Virgin Cork, RalTia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic
Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of
WATSON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.G.
EW PLANT LABEL— Figured in the
Gardeners' Chronicle. Mr. Gkduks havinc conceded
to us the right to make the above, please forward all Orders to
J. R. PEARSON AND SONS, ChiUell Nurseries, Notts.
W. H. LASCELLE8 & CO.,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS,
121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, E.G.
W. H. LASCELLES and GO. will give Estimates for every
description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge,
and send competent assistants when necessary.
LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various
colours.
Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill
Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C.
Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and
Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages,
sent post-free on apphcation.
HELLIWELL'S PATENT SYSTEM OF
GLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY
REQUIRES NO OUTSIDE PAINTING.
Adopted by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.
Banksian Medal of Royal Horticultural Society.
Old Roofs Re-glazed. Old Woodwork Covsrhd.
Plans and Estimates free of charge from
T. W. HELLIWELL,
Royal Horticultural Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; and
8, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, S.W.
PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES.
The above are without exception the most useful kind of
Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should
possess one. The sashes turn rij^ht over one on to the other, and
the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart
in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station
in England, ready glazed and painted : —
6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free, £,1 15 o
12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ „ ,, 4 15 o
6 feet long, 5 feet wide, „ „ .1 3 ^S o
12 feet long, 5 feet wide, _ ,, ,, _ ,, 6 10 o
The glass is nailed and puttied in.
B. H A L L I D A Y & CO.,
Hothouse Builders and Engineers.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON,
MANCHESTER.
■<i<?^
w<i^mmmmm'
sHIGHCATfi ROAD , LONDON. N.Wr
IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS,
Iron and Wire Espalier, Ac, &c.
MATERIALS WIRING GARDEN WALLS.
GALVANISED.
EYES, ^d. per dozen. HOLDFASTS, with
Winders, fs, per dozen. WIRE, 2j. per ico yards.
lUustralfd CA TALOGUE Free on apfUcatwn.
BATLISS, JONES & BAYLISS,
VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ;
And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.C.
7o6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[December i, 1883.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING.
Head Line charged as tivo.
4 Lines
la ,
0
15 Lines
lo 8
6
B „
° 3
6
16 „
0 9
0
6 »
0 4
0
17 ,.
0 9
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18 „
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20 „
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AND SIXPENCE FOR
EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE
If se
across col
umns, the lowest charge
wil
be
30J.
Page
ho
0
0
Half Page
■<
0
0
Column
3
5
0
GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS.
26 words IS. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line
[about 9 words) or part of a line,
THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID.
IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned
against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as
all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and
returned to the sender.
Births, Deaths and Marriages, sr. each insertion.
Advertisements for the current -week must reach the Office
by Thursday noon.
All Sul^scriptions payable in advance.
The United Kingdom : 12 Months, £,\ 3^, lod. ; 6 Months,
ii5. i\d. ; 3 Months. 6j.
Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage,
£,1 ds. lor 12 Months ; India and China, ;£i 8^. arf.
Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE,
W.C, to W. Richards.
Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements.
41, Wellington Street. Strand. London, W.C.
Russia Mat Mprcbants.
MARENDAZ AND FISHER, 9, James
Street, Covent Garden, W.C, can offer a very fit e parcel
of new ARCHANGEL MATS at a very low price. Immense
stock of PETERSBURG MATS and RAFFIA FIBRE.
R U S S I A M ATS.
25.000 Common DUNNAGE MATS, at 20J. per 100.
ARCHANGEL, TAGANROG, and PETERSBURG MATS,
as per CATALOGUE just issued.
JAMES T. ANDERSON,
'149. Commercial Stieet, Shorpdiich, London. E.
STON CLINTON STRAW MATS.—
The Warmest Coveiings for Pits and Frames.
Sizes— 6 ft. 6 in. X 3 ft, 9 in. , 2 j. ; 6 ft. 6 in. X 4 ft. 6 in , -zs. id. ;
6ft. 6in. X 7ft., zs. id Apply to
Miss MOLIQUE, Abtun Clinton, Tring. Bucks.
RUSSIAN MATS.
J BLACKBURN AND SONS
• are offering ARCHANGEL MATS at a lower rate
than for the last ten ytars for pre-ent orders. PETERSBURG
MATS and MAT BAGS. Having bought ne^ily the whole
stock from Cronstadt, are prepared to sell at low rates. Prices
and samples on appbc-iii n at
d and 5, Wnrmwortd Street, Londrn, E.G.
Arcbangel Mats, £cc
WM. PETERS has at present on hand a
large stock of new, beav , best quality ARCHANGEL
MATS; also PACKING MATS, and RAFFIA, which he is
selhng at very low rates. Prices on application to
44. Tenter Street. S, , Goodmans Fields, London, E.
INDIAN MUSLIN, for Garden Shading.—
lOo yards for lar., delivered at Burnley Station ; or 85 )ards
for loj.. rielivt-red fri-e per Parcels Post. Very useful pure Cotton
ior Curtains, Blii ds Draperies, &c. ; cream colour. Postal Order
to be sent with each Order. Serd siamped envelope for Pattern.
J. KAY AND SONS, Burnley Wood Mills. Burnley.
Accidents!— 64, ComUlU.
No Man is Safe from Accidents ! Wise Men Insure against their
Cost 1 Accidents by Land or Water insured against bv the
KAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE
Company. The oldest and largest Company, insuring
against Accidents of all kinds. Subscribed Capital, ^1.000,000.
Paid-up Capital and Reserve, ;t25o,ooo. Moderate Premiums.
Bonus allowed to Insurers after five years. ;^i, 840,000 has been
paid as Compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway
Stations, the Local Agents, or 8, Grand Hotel Buildings,
Charing Cross, or at the Head OfBce, 64, Cornhilt, London.
WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary.
ONEY LENT WITHOUT SURETIES
by the NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK.
16 and 17, Russell Street, Covent Garden, London.
Capital, j£2oo,ooo. — Reserve Fund, ,£75,000.
ADVANCES MADE at a few hours' notice, from £,\a to
;£50oo, in town or country, to male or female, upon note of hand
alone, shares, warrants, bonds, jewels, mortgage of furniture,
stock, plant, crops, farming implements, steam launches, yachts,
barges, boats, and ail available securities, without removal.
Also upon life policies and deeds at ;^s per cent. Irom one
month to 15 years. No suieties required.
Arrears of rent, executions, and debts paid.
All communications strictly private. State amount required.
CHARLES H. WHEATLtY, Manager.
Special Notice — Country loans immediately attended to.
Commission paid to solicitors, auctioneers, accountants, and all
?ersons introducing business. No genuine proposal ever refused,
'ersonal application preferred if possible, and where desired the
repayments can be made by easy instalments to suit applicant's
Orcumstances. The advances exceed ;£25o,ooo per annum.
Prospectus post-free.
(Established 1867.)
W AR N E R'S
PATENT
ANNULAR SAIL
Price Lists, Testimonial; _
Catalogues on application.
STAR WINDMILLS,
Self-Winding and Regulating, for Pumping, Supplying
Farms, Railways, Mansions, Sac.
Specially adapted for Gentlemen's Gardens, Market Gardens, &c
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are at Work in every part of the World.
WARNER'S WINDMILLS
Are the Cheapest, Best, and Most Relinble made.
Prir*D includine Timber supports, 4-in. Double-action Pump, POC
r I ICuf complete, ready for fixing, exclusive of Pipe, eD^,./
Prices of larger sizes for Puviping, Grinding, Farm
and Mill Work i?i proporiioir.
""} J. WARNER & SONSlcRi°P?^ISi?l.l°orD"o^%.c.
FRANCIS MOORE'S ALMANAC for 1S84.
This very popular Almanac, which, besides ihe usual
Calendar, contains a (uller account of ihe Eclioses and Astro-
nomical Phenomena of ihe Year than any publication of its
cla-s, was lately increased by several pages, giving Lists of the
Members of the Government, the Houses of Parliament, and
other useful information, to which has been since added a List f f
the Principal Business Fairs in England and Wales. Price di.
The STATIONERS' COM PAN y. Stationers' Hall. Ludjiate
Hill, London. E.G.
Dr. Smiles' Works.
JAMES NASMYTH, EiNGINEER : an
Autobiography. With Portrait etched by Rajon, and 90
illusltation'. Crown 8vo, i6j
" The whole range of literary biography may be searched in
vain for a more interesting lecord of an active, ufcTul, successful,
and happy life, thau is presented by the delightful auto-
biography of James Nasmyth " — Edinburgh Rev'eiv.
* We should not know where to stop if we were to attempt to
notice all that is instructive and interesting in this volume. It
will be found equally interesting to students of human nature, to
engineers, to astronomers, and even to arch^^logists, Amofg
other merits, theie are few books which could be put with more
advantage into a young man's hands, as affording an example
of the qualities which conduce to legitimate success in work."
— Quarterly Revieiv.
LIFE of a SCOTCH NATURALIST.
New Edition. Portrait and illustrations. Post 8vo, 6s.
DUTY : with Illustrations of Courage,
Patience, Endurance. Post Svo, ts.
SELF HELP : with Illustrations of Conduct,
perseverance. Poit Svo, ts.]
CHARACTER : a Book of Noble Charac-
terisiics. Post Svo, 6^',
THRIFT: a Book of Domestic Counsel.
Post Svo. 6s.
TNDUSTRIAL BIOGRAPHY: Iron
J- Workers and Tool Makers. Post Svo, 6s.
LIVES of the ENGINEERS. Illustrated
by 9 Steel Portraits and 342 Engravings on Wood.
5 vols., 7^. 6d. each.
THE HUGUENOTS : their Settlements,
Lhurches, and Industries iu England and Ireland. Crown
Svo, "js. 6d.
T30BERT DICK: Baker of Thurso, Geo-
-»-*^ logist and Botanist. With Portrait etched by Rnjon, and
numerous illustrations. Crown Svo, 121.
JOHN MURRAY. Alliemarle Street.
TJOBINSON'S COUNTRY SERIES.
J- V In Fcao- Svo, cloth, price is. each by post is. id.
THE GRAPE VINE, its Propagation and Culture. By John
Simpson.
THfc APPLE, in Orchard and Garden. By James Groom.
THE LONUON MARKET GARDEN, or Flowers, Fruits,
and Vegetables, as erown for Market. By C. W. Shaw.
ASPARAGUS CULTURE, the best methods employed in
Englarid and France. By James Barnes and W.
Robinson. KL.S.
FRUIT CULTURE for PROFIT. By C. Hobday.
TH E POTATO in Farm and Garden. By R. Fremlin.
TOWN GARDENING, a Handbook for Amateurs. By
R. C, Ravenscroft.
In crown Svo, cloth, price ts. 6d., by post 15. 8l4J-
MUSHROOM CULTURE, its Extenbion and Improvement.
By W. Robinson, F.L.S.
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE and SONS, Broadway. Ludgate
Hill, E.C.
EEVUE de PHORTICULTURE BELGE
et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural
Review). — Among the prinf:ipal Contributors are : — A, Allard,
E- Andre, C. Baiter, T. Euchetet. F. Burvenich, F. Ci6pin,
Comte de Gomer, De Joree van Ellemeel, O de Kerchove de
Deilerghem. P E. de Puydt C. de Vis. J. Gillon, A. M. C.
Jongkindi Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, 1'. Moore, C. Naudin,
B. Oliver. H. Ortgies, H. Pynaert, E. Roc'igas A. Siraux. O.
Thomas, A, van Geert Son, H. J. van Huile, J. van Volxem
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BRYANT
MAY'S
December i, 18S3.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
707
WANTED, a thoroughly conscientious hard-
workiny GARDENfcK. well up in the Crowing of
Fruit and H^wtrs One who has haa sume experience in
Nursery Woik preferred.— Apply, stating aye. if iiiairied, and
what lamily, with full p-irncuUis as to experience and waycs
lecimred. to C. R. V>-. G.irdirnerS Chronicle ufHcc, 4r, VVelliiig-
lon Street. Strand. W.C.
ANTED, a ROSE GROWER;
must have a good Icnowledge of Roses, and be
thoroughly experienced in the Cultivation of Plants for Sale.
— Apply, blaiing age, where last and previously employed,
and w;iges required, to JAMKS DICKSON and SONS,
*' NcwiL*a" Nurseries, Chester,
WANTED, a ROSE GROWER (Indoors).
One who has been accustomed to the Growing of Tea
and other Roses in pots, in quantity. Stale expcrieuce. wages
required, and when diaeogagcd.— OKO. CUOLlNG and SON,
Niirier>men, Bdih.
WANTED, a young MAN, about 24 years
of age, to lak- charge, under the Head Gardener, of a
good Collection ul Orchids. Must be very neat in his work,
and a good Potter. —Apply, by letter only, with references, to
A., James Vcitch & Sous, Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road,
Chelsea. S.W.
WANTED, a young MAN, well up in Pro-
ptgaiiiig Hoses. Clcn.aas, and Hiidwood fruit Trees,
Layering, &c.— stanhope Nursery, Westcrham Hill, Kent.
WANTED, a sharp LAD, brought up in a
good garden, t8 or 19 years ol age — Must understand
Fires, Watering, Potting. &c , and be well recommended.-
State age, wages and particulars to H , The Castle. Waliingfurd.
WANTED, a HEAD PACKER. Must be
thoroughly experienced in all kinds of Packing, and
have a tair knowledge of Nursery Stuck; also aciive and
methodical in his work.— Apply in own handwriting to JAMfciS
DICKSON AND SONS. " Newton " Nurseries. Chester.
WANTED, a good CUWMAN, married,
without children, ihit has been accustomed to Aldernty
Cows and oiher stock on a Genilcman's place. Wages i%s , with
house, csaU, and milk.— J. MARTIN, Barcote, Fanngdon,
Beiks.
WANTED, a First-hand BOUQUETIST
(Outdoor), used to London trade. One who is a good
saleswoman, and can m^-ke up tastemlly. will be liberally paid.
— PdJiicuiars to J. PUUNCK, 18, Westbourne Grv-ve. W.
WANTED, a young lady, as BOOK-
KEEPER, and to Assist in the Snop. — Must be well
acquainted with the business. — Apply, by letter, tiaiiiig age
ana previous situation, to G. TaVINER, bayswaier Hill,
London, W.
WANT PLACES.
*** Gardeners and others seeking situations
are WARNED to be careful in their dealings
with so-called Horticultural Agents, and are
CAUTIONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or
MONEY to any Agent iniless they have good
reason to know that he is a responsible man,
likely to be able to fulfil his engagements.
EB. LAIRD AND SONS (successors to the
• late Firm of DowNlE & Lairi ) can at present recom-
merid with every confidence several first-rate SCOTCH GAR-
DEN EkS. whose character and abilities may be ttiorotighly de-
pended upon, either for Large fclslablishtnenis or singlc-rianded
Situations ; also FOREMEN. UNDER GARDENERS, and
FAkM Bailiffs.— 17, Fredenck street, Edinbureh.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he
• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register
some excellent Men, competent either to fill ihe situation of
heau Gardener, bailiff, foreman, or
journeyman. Ladies and Gentlemen requirine any of the
above will please send iuU particulars, when the best selections
for the difTerent capacities will be made. — HoUowav. N.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.
beg to announce that they are constantly receiving
applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that
ihey will be able to su(iply any Lady or Gentleman with
particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester.
GARDENER (Chief), in a gooci Private or
Puolic Establishment. — Aije 29 : ihoroughly energetic
and trust woi thy. Fourteen years* first-class practical and
scientific experience in all branches of Gardening, Botanv, &c.
Good references. — HOK.IUS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,
London, W.C.
C:iARDENER (Head). — Age 27, married;
-^ well up in all branches of Gardening, Good character
and testimonials. — G. GANGE, Barwell Court, Chessington,
Surrey.
GARDENER (Head).— ^5 Bonus will be
paid to any one procuring me a situation where several
men aie employed. I'horoughiy competent. — JOHN HILL,
Post-oflice, Syston, Leicestershire.
GARDENER (Head).— Age 25; practical
knowledge of his bu'^iiicss, inciujing Urchi 's. Vines,
Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and the General Routine of
Gardening Eight years' good characier. — H. H., North
Cottagf, rforndean, Htnis.
GARDENER (Head). —Age 31, married;
well experienced in all branches of the profession. Five
and a half years' excellent character from present situation.
Leaving through death of employer.— A. BARKER, Warms-
worth Hall, Doncaster, Yorks.
C:j.ARDENER (Head), where two or three
•^ are kept, — Age 39 ; thoroughly experienced. Five years
in last situation. — 1". CAPliKa, WcU-sbourne, Mouniford,
Warwick.
C^AKDENKR (Hkad), where more are kept.
•^ — Atjtr^o. married, no family ; a successful Grape Grower,
and thorougliiy practical in his profession. Understands Laynig-
out Lawns, &c. Sixieen years' good character. — Mr. PUL-
LINGER, Florist, fahirley, Soulhampton
^"^XlUiENER (Head). —Age 29; twelve
' .--* years' experience in all branches of the profession, in-
cluding Early and Late Forcing of Pines, Vines, Peaches,
Vegetables and Flowcs ; al-o the Cultivation of Stove and
Greenhouse Plants and Flower and Kitch';n Gardening. — J. S ,
Mr. Coyoh's Nursery, Mount HiU, Carm.irihen.
C:j.ARDKNER(He.\d).— William Jennings,
-^ for many yeais Foiem^n of the Hardy Herbaceous Plants,
Bulbs, &c, . at ijie Wellington and Pine-Apple Nurseries, seeks
employment as a Gentleman's Gardener, or to take Charge of
a Collection of Hjrdy Heibaceous Plants, Bulbs, &c. — 141,
BcUize Road, Kiiburn. N.W.
GARDENER (Head).— Married ; thoroughly
experienced in the Culiivation of Grapes. Peache?:, Pines,
and all other Fruits under Glass ; also Orchids, Siove and Oiecn-
house Plants and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Cause of
leaving place being closed. Boih Proiestantv — J.T. MULLIS,
Livmore Cattle, Li>more, Co, Water'ord, Ireland.
GARDENER (Head Working), where
three aie kept. — Thoroughly understands Early and Late
Forcing of Fruit. Cut Flowers, btove and Greenhouse Plants,
Flower and Kitchen Gardening. First-class character and
testimonials. — G., 120, Westgate, Waketidd.
(^ARDENER (Head Working), to any
V_^ Noblemarf or Geinteman requiring a practical man. —
Age 2Q ; understands Early and Late Forcing of Plants, Pot
Peaches, Vines, FigS, Melons, Strawberries, &c. Last situation
as Head. Good testimonials and references can be g.Vcn. —
J. SVlIlH, Queen'.-, PI 'Ce, Thornes Lane. Wakefield.
/ :J.ARDENER(HEAD, orSlNGLE-HANDED). —
VJ Age 37, niirned, two children ; thoroughly competenl.
Can be very h ghly recommended both for ability and integrity,
by present employer, whom he has served for last 4 yeai s. Per-
fectly s.itisfactO'V reason for leaving. — A. B,, 41, Wellington
Street, Strand, W C.
/ ^ARDENER, where one or more are kept. — ■
V_J Age 40, married, no family ; practical experience in all
branches. Good testimonials and personal character. — C. B.,
16, Harvard R ad. Lewisham, S. E.
C:j.AKDENER (SINGLE-HANDED).— Middle-
-^ aged, no family ; can be well recommended, wife can
Manage Small Dairy and Poultry. — J. P., Westlake Nursery,
Spring Grove, Isleworih, W.
GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED), — Age 32,
siuEle ; has a thorough knowledge ot Vines, Cucumbers,
and Flower and Kitchen Gatdening Good character from
present or previoiii emplo>er. — W. H, , Skates, near Ross,
Hereforc shire,
GARDENER and BAILIFF; age 32,
manied ; Scotch. — Mrs. Lucas would be glad to recom-
mend her Gardener and BailifT to any Lady or Gentleman re-
quiring the services of a thorough practical and trustworthy
man. Wou'd not otject to lake either situation separate.
Highest ie!erences as to character and ability. The only reason
for leaving, ihe estate being sold. — Address in the first instance.
A. M., Mr. Thatcher, Brent Lodge, Hendon, Middlesex, N.W,
GARDENER (SECOND, in the Houses, or
good SI^GLE-HANDEu) —Age 25. single ; highly recom-
mended by both present and previous employers. 1 en years'
first-class experience both Inside and Out. — W. ELY, Cut
Hedge Garden:-, Ha stead, Essex.
GARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; six years'
good character — Mr. SI'O.VEMa.-J, Head Gardener to
the Right Hon. Earl of Morley, Saltram, Plympton, Devon.
GARDENER (Under), where others are
kept — Age i8, strong, a Gataenet's son ; Has had expe-
rience in Gentlemen's gardens. Good testimonials. Abstainer.
— H. B.. 4, Oxfoid Villas, Livingstone Road, New Thomton
Heath, Croydon.
To Gentlemen and Growers.
MANAGhK, to Grow V niit and Cut Flowers,
&c., in quantity for Market.— REX, lo, Stockwell Park
Road, Clapham. s.W.
ANAGEK, or NURSERY FOREMAN.—
Experienced Propagator and Grower, Fruit and Flower
Forcing, Floral Decorations ot all kinds, and Management of
Men. Hijihest refeitnces.— M. N., 2, Maresfield Villas, Living-
stone Road. Thornton Heaih
FOREMAN, in a first-class estabhshment. —
Age 25 ; five years in Keele Hall Gardens ; one and a
half year in Tremham Gardens ; ten years' experience, —
GEORGE GREEN, Sowdley. near Market Drayton, Salop.
FOREMAN, in a good estabhshment. — Age
26 ; twelve years' practical experience in large establish-
ments. Good reference and chaiacter. — R. HUBBARD, St.
John's Lodge, Lower Norwood, Surrey.
FOREMAN.— Age 29, single ; competent to
Grow Grapes, Peachrs, Cucumbers, Melons, ftlushrocms.
Cut Flowers and Stove and Greenhouse Plants for the Trade,
or private establishment. Abstainer. Good character and testi-
monials.— W, G , 526, Hollo A'ay Road. London, N.
To Nurserymen, Fruit Growers and Otiiers.
FOREMAN, in the above Trade ; well
experienced in Fruit and Plant Gtowing for Market. —
Me-;srs. A. & S. Hart, his present employers, can thnoujhly
recommend the ab ve as well experienced. — FOREMAN,
Victoria Nursery, Dyke Road. Brighton.
J:j^OREMaN (Landscape).— Can Lay-out to
Scale. Well versed in Planting, Draining, Roadmakine,
Ponds, Lawn Tennis, Cricket Grounds, &c. Would undertake
Superintendence of an individual job. Highest references.—
T. B., 12, York Rise, N.W.
FOREMAN, in a good establishment. —
Kitchen or Flower G.ird'-n. or Houses. £,'i Premium
olT-?red, — FtJKEMAN. Nr.-wstcad Abbey Gardens Notts,
Ij^OREMAN, or SECOND in a good estab-
JL li>hineiit.— Age 23 ; sixyeais' experience, boih Inside ai.d
Out. Can be well r- commended by present and previous em-
ployers. —A. KNIGHP, The Gardens, Br.-indsby Lodge,
Easingwold, Yoiks.
li'^OREMAN and PROPAGATOR (TnT
JL doors), where soft-wooded plants, cut flowers, and
general Nursery Stock are required in quantity. Long txpiiri-
ence and character. —A., 41, Selkirk Poad, Lower Tooling, S.W.
T^OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.—
JL Age '3 : over seven years' tx -enerice in good situ, t'ons.
Two and a half yeiirs in last siliialijn ^n(\ five prcviuus. Gjjd
characters from bolh.— T. STO.ME, »9. Varlry Koad, Stamford
Hiil, London. N.
To the Trade
GENERAL NURSERY FOREMAN open
for engagement. Highe-t references as to character and
ability.— V. CKAIG, 3, Bowhill Terrace, Golden Acre,
Kdtnburgh.
TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good
^-J establishment. — A^e 22 ; good character — 1". SAUNDLRS,
St. John's Lod^e, Lower Norwood, hurrey.
J'OURNEYMAN, in a good establishment,
where there is plenlyof FrU't and other Forcing. — A^e 27 ;
has a good general knowledge of Gardening and can be strongiy
recommended as a good workman. Up-vards of th>ee years in
the Houses in present situation. Leaving of own accord. — H.
SMITH, The Gardens, WinsUde. Exeter.
TOURNEYMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gen-
fJ tlemm's Garden; age 33 ~C. Sandfoko, Watc :>m'ie Paik
Garden -i, near Torquay, can with conlioence rec mm'*nd a
thorough useful, willing, respectable, steady man as above.
Has had seven years experience, anxious to improve, is willing
to take part in the Houses, .and part outside ; a good Woikman,
Prefers a Bothy. — Address as above.
T
O GARDENERS.—Wanted. a situaiionfor
a Youth (age 15) in a good Garden. Tivo years' praciice.
Highly respectable and fond ol his w.^rk. VVo ild ^ive a Pre-
mium or reference.— Mr. K. GKAY- West Humble, Dirt-iuiC.
''PO GARDENERS.— A young man seeks a
-L situation where he can Learn Stovr: and Greenh^u«e
Work. Premium will be paid.
Boiley, Hai.ts.
- W. DAVIS, Nettey Hill,
To Nurserymen.
GENERAL NURSERY FOREMAN or
TRAVKLLER.— Advertiser wi I -h^rcly comp'e e his
engagement with Messrs Tliomas Imtie & Sons, with whom he
is employed in the ab->ve captcity. Has travelled the printipiil
Tr,ide in Scoiland, Fngland, and Ireland, and ha^^ a first-class
connt-ciinn. Has had over fifteen years' experience, and is
thorcujhly conversant wiih the bu-iiness in ali its branch^-;. —
For particulars and references, address JOHN BK,oWN,
Nursery House, Ayr. N,B.
SHOPMAN or BOOK-KEEPER.— Fouiteen
kl^ years' experience in (our fir>t-cla?s provincial houses;
three years in present situation. Highest relerences — T. R.,
20, High Street. Hirmineham.
SHOPMAN or ASSISTANT, in a good
House. — Age 25 ; ten years' excerience. Highly recom-
mended — T. H., W. IVou^hton Seedsman. Preston.
SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT, in a good
Provincial House. —Age 22 ; strictly honest and steady.
Knows Plants. H.ghly recommended —HAROLD LUNG-
bTER, Seed Warehouse. M.Tcon, Yorks.
SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT), or in Wholesale
k_5 Warehouse. — Age 20; lour year*' expenence. Hitihcst
references. — A. M. , 4, Malvern Cottages, Mo jrend, Chelt-inham.
To the Seed Trade.
QHOPMAN (ASSISTANT). — Age 20; two
^-^ years' experience. Apply to J )hn Pcikins & Son for
character and reterence.— H. FOLL, King-iley. Northampton.
rno FLORISTS.— A First-hand BOUQUET-
-L 1ST wants a situation out o' London. Is experienced in
all branches, and acquainted with the hest marke' s 'or all ^oods
used in the tr.tde. — vVrite, staling particulars, to C. JAMKS,
10. Brent Street, Hendon. N.W.
GRATEFUL— GO JlFL»RTI^G.
EPPS'S COCOA.
BREAKFAST.
" By a thoroueh Vnowledge of the natural laws which coverti
the operations of digestion and nu rttion, and by a c^re ul appli-
cation ot the fine properties of well se ecied Cocoa, Mr. fc pps
has provided our breakfa5ll;>b!es witn a delicately flavoured
beverage which may save us many heavy d^cturs's bdis. It is
by the judicious use of such articles ol diet that a constitution
may be gradually built up until strong cniugh to resist every
tendency to diaease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating
around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We
may esc.*pe many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified
with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Scrzie
Gazette.
Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in
Packets, labelled thus : —
JAMES EPPS & CO., Homceopathic Chemists,
London. England
OLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.
— In all outward comp'aints a riespe>ate effort ;h'uld be
made to at once remove these annoying infiimitiec, and of
esialilisning a cute. Tnc rcmarkaDte r<:^medies oi-overed by
Professor Holl'Way will ^alistac[orlly ace >mpli>h thisdc^irabe
result, without anv of ihose dangers o*- drawbacks which attend
the old method of treating ulccr-itive iiridmmatio s, scofu'ous
affections, and scnibui c annoyances. The m 'vt timid invalids
may use boih the Uintmeni and P. Us with ihe utmost sa'eiy
with Certain success, provided a m jdei ate attcniion be bestowed
on their accompanying "Directions." Both the preparations
Eoothe, heal, and purify. The one assists the other most
materially in effecting cures and renewing strength by helping
I exhausted Nature just when the needs such succour.
7o8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December i, 1883.
SPECIAL NOTICE.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
SATURDAY, JANUAEY 5, 1884,
WILL CONTAIN A BEAUTIFULLY
(18 inches by 13 inches),
FROM AN ORIGINAL DESIGN by FITCH.
PRICE PIVEPENCE ; POST-FREE, FIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY ;
OR WITH
ALMANAC MOUNTED ON OAK EOLLEES,
READY TO BE HUNG UP, AND ENCLOSED IN CASE,
SEVENPENCE ; POST-FREE, EIGHTPENCE-HALFPENNY.
Purchasers are specially recommended to order the Almanac In a Case,
TO PREVENT INJURY FROM FOLDING.
The Publisher cannot be responsible for injury to the Almanac unless it is so protected.
NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS, ^s..^
As a lars[e Rxti^a Sale of this Number is guaranteed, it will be a very
valuable medittm for Advertisements.
APPLICATIONS FOR SPACE SHOULD BE SENT IN AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE,
W. EICHAEDS, 41, WELLINGTON STEEET, STEAND, W.C.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
I, '^w "^ William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by
the said William Richakes, at the Office, 4t, WeUington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, December i, 1883.
Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow.
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
estalJlifiljeti 1841.
No. 519.— Vol. XX. {s™)!,.} SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1883. {S^StLtcwsT^:;:^^^^
Price 5d.
PosT-i'Ki;i',, sji/.
CONTENTS.
Abutilon, a double
Adiantum cimeatiim de-
flexum
Arboretum, the
Begonia Olbia
Caraguata saaguiQea
Colonial notes
Cucumbers
Cyphoni.indra betacea . .
Erythrochilon Hippo-
phyllanthus
Eucomis bicolor ..
Forcing plants and bulbs
Forestry . .
Fruit notes
Fuchsia coralHna and F.
exoniensis
Galanlhu.s . .
Galeandra Harveyana . .
Graft- changed fruits
Grapes, Muscat of Alex-
andria and Mrs. Pince's
Black Muscat . .
Guzmannia Melinoni
Hotbeds
Keele Hall, notes from . .
Kitchen garden, the
Linseed, white ..
Melon seeds
Narcissus viridiflorus . .
Open spaces in towns ..
Orchid notes and gleao-
ings
Peaches and Nectarines
Pelargoniums, zonal, new
Philageria Veitchii
Picea Dungens
Plants, new certilicated
Plants and their culture
,, new garden
,, winter-fiowering . .
Polyanthus, gold-laced ..
Potato culture, the Jens-
enian
„ disease, Mr. Mur-
ray's lectures on
Potatos, cooked ..
Protecling plants
Root growth
Roses, planting and ma-
nuring . .
Royal Botanic Gardens,
Regent's Park . .
Saxifraga cortusajfolia . .
Scutillaria Lehmanni ..
Seakale forcing . .
Selborne, a visit to
Societies : —
Colnbrook Chrysanthe-
mum . .
Ealing. Acton, Hanwell 73
Norfolk and Norwich
Horticultural
Nottingham and Not-
tinghamshire Horti-
cultural and Botani-
cal
Scottish Horticultural
Association ..
York Chrysanthemum
Socotra, the flora of
Truffles and Trjfrie-hunt-
ers
Weather, the
732
732
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Begonia Olbia 720
Blue Spruce, the .. .. 725
Caraguata sanguinea .. .. .. .. .. ..717
Corridor in the Royal Botanic Society's Garden, Regent's
Park .. .. .. .. .. 771
Peronospora infestans .. 729
Spiral Growth in a Carrot .. .. 718
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
South Kensington, S. W.
NOTICE ! — COMMITTEES' MEETINGS, Fruit and
Floral, at ir a.m., in the Conservatory; SCIENTIFIC, at
I P.M. ; GENERAL MEETING for the Election of Fellows,
at 3 P.M. ; and LECTURE, by the Rev. GEO. HENSLOW,
on TUESDAY NEXT, December 11.
PRIZES OFFERED bv Messrs. JAMES CARTER & CO.,
To be competed for by Gentlemen's Gardeners and
Amateurs only.
For NEW ONIONS, &c..
For Collections of Vegetables, to include the three varieties of
New Onions, named below, at the Royal Horticultural Society's
Meeting. December 11, 1883, as follows :—
For the best TWELVE DISHES of VEGETABLES, to
comprise 12 Onions, Golden Queen ; 12 Onions, Silver Bail ; 12
Onions, Golden Globe ; 12 Turnips, any variety ; 3 Cauliflowers,
any variety ; 3 Celery, any variety ; 50 Brussels Sprouts, any
variety; 12 Potatos, any variety; 6 Carrots, any variety;
6 Parsnips, any variety ; 3 Red Beet, any variety ; 6 Leeks,
any variety : —
£ s. d.
ist Prize . .
.•500
4 th Prize . .
2d „ ..
..300
5th „ ..
3d ,. -
.. r lo 0
6ih „ ..
IMPORTANT REGULATION. — To prevent misunder-
standing Special Labels will be distributed with each packet
of the above three varieties of Onions, and all dishes will be
disqualified that are staged without this Special Label being
attached. Further particulars on application (if needed).
TNTERNATIONAL FORESTRY EXHI-
-L BITION.-EDINBURGH.
THIS EXHIBITION, which is under the Patronage of
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, H.R.H. THE PRINCE
OF WALES and the other MEMBERS of the ROYAL
FAMILY, will be OPENED early in JULY NEXT, and wi'l
likely Remain Open for Three Months.
The Objects to be Exhibited embrace Everything Connected
with or Illustrative of the Forest Products of the World.
For full particulars as to Classes, Space, &c., apply to
GEORGE CADELL, Secretary.
Offices ;— 3, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh.
INGSTON and SURBITON
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY.
The EIGHTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held on
TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, November ii and u, 1884.
Schedules are in course of preparation, and will be forwarded
when ready ou application to
T. JACKSON, Hon. Sec ,
Fife Road. Kingston-on-Thames.
SURPLUS STOCK.— Handsome and Choice
Evergreen and Deciduous TREES for Avenues, Parks,
Gardens, Streets, &c. Very good and cheap. LIST free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
L ILIUM AURATUM .—Good, plump, sound
bulbs, 4i., 6j., ^s., 121., i8j., and 24J. per dozen ; extra
strong, -\QS. and it'i.s. per dozen. AH other good LILIES at
equally low prices,
Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare
Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W,
LiUum auratum.-To the Trade.
JAMES CARTER, UUNNETT AND
BEALE are prepared to offer Cases as imported— un-
opened and e.vamined Pi ice on application. Also strong
bulbs of L. LANCIFOLIUM ALBUM, RUBRUM, and
ROSEUM.
337 and 238, High Holbom, London, W.C.
FRICAN TUBEROSES, a second and
very fine consignment, just arrived,
GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEVENSIS, unusually fine this year.
Price per 1000 and loo, to the Trade, on application to
JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE, 237 and 238,
High Holbom, London, W.C.
LARCH FIR, extra strong, transplanted,
2 to 3 feet. 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. Extra strong
transplanted SCOTCH FIR, 2 to 3 feet. Samples and prices
on application to
J. SLATER AND SONS, The Nurseries, Malton, Yorks.
Orchids, Bulbs, Lilies.
THE NEW PLANT AND BULB COM-
PANY. Lion Walk, Colchester, have just published their
AUTUMN LIST, No. 64, containing more novelties and
rarities than ever.
ESCRI PTIVE CATALOGUE
of Roses, Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons, Deciduous
and Evergreen Trees and Shrubs, Forest Trees, Azaleas,
Camellias, Grape Vines. &c., free by post.
H. LANE AND SON, Nurseries, Berkhamsted, Herts.
HOLLY for HEDGES.— 12 to I5inches, 25J. ;
15 to 18 inches, 35J. ; 18 to 24 inches, 50J. per loo.
Forest LIST, containing heights and prices of well-grown trans-
planted Quick, Ash, Larch, Spruce, Pines, Oaks, Cover
Plants, &c., free.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
OR SALE, WEEKS' UPRIGHT TUB-
ULAR BOILER and WATER BARS, in good condition.
Also WANTED, Crown Bob GOOSEBERRY TREES,
RASPBERRY CANES, ASPARAGUS for Forcing, Clumps of
best sorts, CHRYSANTHEMUMS to name. Lowest Price to
T. WCJOD. Rudgeway House Nursery, Eastville, Bristol.
To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c.
ACATTANEO, Commission Salesman,
• 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market. Covent Garden,
W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE
CUT FLOWERS in any quantities. Terms on application.
Notice to Senders.
WE HAVE NOW
a good DEMAND for the undermentioned :—
GARDENIAS, STEPHANOTIS,
CHRYSANTH EMUMS of all kinds (in quantity),
TUBEROSES, White AZALEA, White CYCLAMEN,
GLADIOLUS, Roman HYACINTHS, ROSES,
ODONTOGLOSSUM and other O R C H I D S, &c.
Also GRAPES, TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, &c.
WISE AND RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesmen, Covent
Garden, W.C.
WANTED, GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES,
ORCHIDS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS. ROSES, White
AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS, EUCHARIS, Arum LILIES,
LILY of the VALLEY, and other CUT FLOWERS, for all of
which there is now a good demand.
W. DENMAN, Salesmin and Horticultural Agent, Covent
Garden, W. C.
Calla aethioplca — Arum Lilies.
WANTED, the above, cut with long stalks, for
December I7and 21. Good prices for good blooms. AI'O
strong flowering Bulbs of EUCHARIS AMAZONICA.— W.
DENMAN, Salesmanand Horticultural Agent, Covent Garden.
WANTED in quantities, CHRISTMAS
ROSE BLOOM.
EDWARD CARR. Florist, Market Hall, Southport.
To Flower Growers.
CONSIGNMENTS RECEIVED for DISPOSAL at Market
Prices.
WANTED, GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS,
ARUMS. White AZALEAS. CAMELLIAS,
ROSES, &c., in any quantity. BoxiS supplied. Ternis upon
application.
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London. W.C.
Address — Flower Commission Department.
WANTED, EUCHARIS, Bulbs or Pots,
VV
in any quantity.
AMATEUR, Mr. Filler. Samt Thomas Nursery, Exeler.
WANTED, about 10,000 QUICK and 2000
small HOLLIES. Prices and particulars to
Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., Calcot Gardens, Reading, Berks.
ANTED, 5000 EUONYMUS, AUCU-
B AS, LAURUSTINUS, Oval and Japanese PRIVET.
Delivered free at West Brighton. Price and Samples,
W. WILLETT. Eaton Road. West Brighion.
WANTED, a large PALM, either a
Seaforthia elegans. Areca lutescens, or a Kenlia, about
6 to 9 feet. Quote low cash price, with full particulars, to
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman. Richmond.
ANTED, AUSTRIAN PINE— 4, 5, and
6 feet specimens, with balls. — Particulars to
JAMES DICKSON and SONS, " Newton "Nurseries, Chester.
The
Dipl^me
d'Honneur.
Amsterdam Exhibition, 1883.
QUTTONS' GRASS
k5 w
SEEDS
were used for Sowing the whole of ihe
Exhibition Grounds, and havu been awarded the
Highest Recompense, viz., the Dip!6mi; d'Hon-
neur.
Seedsmen, Reading,
SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen'
Berks.
Camellias Well Set with Flower Buds.
HUGH LOW AND CO. offer the above-
named varieties at 175.S. and 200^. per ito, excepting
Whites. Clapton Nursery, London, E.
ELWAY AND SON'S CATALOGUE
of GLADIOLI, describing all the varieties worth grow-
ing, and at prices as low as those of any other hous-;, will be
forwarded on application.
Langpoit, Somerset.
Hyacintlia. Tulips. NarclssuB. Lilies, &c.
BUDDENBORG BROS., BuLB
Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and will be sent post'
free on application.
Lily of the Valley.
EKRUIJFF, Sassenheim, near Haarlem,
• Holland, has to ofTer, to the Trade only, strong selected
Buds of CONVALLARIA MAJALIS for Forcing, at 21, dd.
per 100, 22i. per 1000. Terms cash. Samples free on
application.
HAM^ROPS CHINENSIS.— To be
SOLD or EXCHANGED for PLANTS, well-furnishtd
plant of the above, 8 feet high.
WM. COCKBURN, Ettrickhaugh Gardens, Selkirk, N.B.
GORSE COVERT.— Well-rooted, 2-yr. old,
twice lifted, 2J. td. per icoo, £^ los. per loo odo.
S. SMITH. Tansley Nursery. Matlock, Derbyshire.
Daffodil, Daffodilly, Daffodowndlllles.
A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of more
than 200 sorts of DAFFODILS free on application.
BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
FRANCIS BELL, Nurseryman, Easing-
wold, ofTers for sale 2,000,000 LARCH, 2 to 5 feet,
recently transplanted, with good leads and well rooted, at
greatly reduced prices.
IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS, in
Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some
of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of
every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb-
ing and bedding, from i2,r. to 24s. per dozen, strong plants.
Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
East Lothian Stock and Pansy Seed.
RB. LAIRD AND SONS (sole Successors to
• Dou'NiE & Laird) can offer the above. Particulars as
to price, &c., on application.
R. B. LAIRD AND SONS, Seedsmen, 17, Frederick Street,
Edinburgh.
REEFERS for WALLS, TRELLISES, &c.,
in great variety. See Descriptive LIST, Most of these
plants, being in pots, may be moved now.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
New White Neapolitan Violet.
COMTEBRAZZA.— Flowers perfectly double,
delightfully fragrant, and purest white, Fitst-cJass Certi-
ficate Floral Committee. Plants in small 6o's, js. 6d. each, t^s,
per dozen : large plants in 48's, 35. 6d. each, 31,7. 6d. per dc^en.
BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Grape Vines— Grape Vines.
BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that
• his stock of VINES this season is remarkably fine, and
is now ready for sending ou'. A Descriptive LIST will be
found in the Bulb Catalogue, post-free on application. Eaily
Orders are solicited.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N.
GRAPE VINES.— A fine stock in leading
varieties, Planting and Fruiting Canes. Apply to
FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond.
To the Trade.
CUCUMBER SEEDS.— We shall be glad
to quote prices of Veitch's Tender and True and Rclli ■
son's Telegraph Cucumber Seeds in large or small quantities.
Both are very superior stocks, of our own growth, and carefully
selected.
GEO. COOLING and SON. Seedsmen. Bath.
Now Ready.
THE GARDEN ANNUAL, ALMANAC,
and ADDRESS BOOK for 1SS4. Price is., post-free
IS, yi. The most complete and accurate Yearly Reference
Book for the use of all interested in Gardens yet published.
Office : — 37, Southampton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
Firms In the Nursery and Seed Trade
wishing to publish their announcements in Ireland, will find
THE IRISH FARM, FOREST, and
GARDEN, an excellent medium. Specimen Copies,
Scale of Charges, iic . on application to
Mr. THOS. MOORE, Sole Proprietor, 39, Lower Ormond
Quay, Dublin.
7IO
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,
[December 8, 1883.
SALES BY AUCTION.
Monday Next.
FINAL SALE of DUTCH BULBS this Season.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on MONDAY NEXT, at half-past
II o'clock precisely, an unusually fine lot of HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other DUTCH
FLOWER ROOTS, from one of the largest growers in
Holland, lotted to suit both Wholesale and Retail Buyers.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms and 8,
New Broad Street, E.G.
Wednesdav Next.
Soo CAMELLIAS and AZALEAS, well set with bloom-buds,
and other PLANTS from BELGIUM ; 500 Standard and
Dwarf ROSES from an English Nursery.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will include the above in their SALE on WEDNES-
DAY NEXT.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.
7000 LILIUM AURATUM.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms,
67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, at
h^lf-past Tz o'clock precisely 7000 remarkably fine BULBS,
just received from Japan. Some of the cases have been opened ,
and the roots are very fresh. Also a splendid assortment of
Hardy English-grown LILIES, including extra hne roots of
many varieties, and a miscellaneous lot of Hardy PLANTS
and BULBS for the Garden.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
Saturday Next.
500 Standard and Dwarf ROSES, a collection of hardy English-
grown LILIES and BULBS, CARNATIONS and PICO-
TEES, and a variety of PLANTS and BULBS for the
Garden.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central
Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, at half-past 11 o'Clock
precisely.
On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and
8, New Broad Street, E.C.
SDeclal Sale of Orchids In Flower and in Bud.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS
beg to announce that their NEXT EXHIBITION
and SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and in Bud will take place
at their Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.,
on TUESDAY, December 18, for which they have ahready
entered many specially good varieties.
Gentlemen desirous of including Lots are requested to for.
ward the LISTS by MONDAY NEXT, in time for printing m
Catalogues.
Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside, and 8, New Broad Street, E.C.
This Day.— (Sale No. 6S37.)
HARDY PLANTS and BULBS.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC-
TION at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, THIS DAY, SATURDAY, December 8,at half-
past iz o'clock precisely, first-class Standard and Dwarf
ROSES in all the leading varieties, from well-known English
and French nurseries : FRUIT TREES, Hardy CONIFERS,
Ornamental Flowering TREES and SHRUBS, &c.: Hardy
Herbaceous BORDER PLANTS, and a consignment ol choice
named Double and Single HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CRO-
CUSES, NARCISSUS, LILIUMS, GLADIOLI, and other
BULBS from Holland.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Monday Next.— (Sale No. 6538.)
BULBS from HOLLAND.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden. W.C, on MONDAY, December 10, at
half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a consignment of First-class
Double and Single HYACINTHS, in all colours, for Glasses,
Pots, and Borders : TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
SCILLAS, IRIS, ANEMONES, RANUNCULI, GLADI-
OLI, LILIUMS, and other BULBS, just received from well
known farms in Holland, in lots to suit all buyers.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
6000 LUlum auratum from Japan, isc.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY, December 11, at half-
past IZ o'clock precisely, an extensive importation of Bulbs
from Japan, including 6030 L. AURATUM. THUNBER-
GIANUM, SPECIOSUM, ALBUM and ROSEUM. KRAM-
ERI and LONGIFLORUM ; also a choice collection of
HOME-GROWN LILIES, comprising many of the finest
sorts m cultivation; fine clumps of CYPRIPEDIUM SPEC-
TABILE, BEGONIAS from Belgium, ROMAN HYA-
CINTHS, in quantity, from France, and a consignment of
Bulbs from Holland.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6540.)
M FIRST-CLASS STANDARD and DWARF ROSES, &c.
R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W. C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, December izi
at half-past IZ o'clock precisely, first-class Standard. Half-
Standard, and Dwarf ROSES from well-known English Nur-
series, Dwarf-trained and Pyramid FRUIT TREES, Specimen
y.^if?,^'^'' HOLLIES and RHODODENDRONS, Golden
^SX?^ AUCUBAS, EUONYMUS of sorts. CARNA-
]EiSJt^.',J^'COTEES, PINKS, &c.. Ornamental STOVE and
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, and a consignment of Double and
Smgle HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, NARCISSUS,
and other BULBS from Holland.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had,
Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6541.)
3000 LILIUM AURATUM just received from Japan in very
Mfine condition.
R. J. C. STEVENS will include the above
in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
December 13,
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6341.)
CYPRIPEDIUM SP. BORNEO.
ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI, specially grand lot.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent
Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT. December 13, at half-
past iz o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hui;h Low & Co.,
a marvellously fine lot, both as to size and condition, of ODON-
TOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI, amongst them masses of
altogether exceptional size and quality. They were collected
in a new locality, and there is an excellent prospect of fine and
distinct varieties being amongst them. One plant will be
offered which was seen in flower by Collector producing flowers
profusely marked with beautifully bright plum-coloured spots,
reminding one of the finely marked varieties of which so much
has been heard lately. At the same time will be offered fine
plants of an entirely distinct looking CYPRIPEDIUM found
by Mr. Boxall in Borneo, the leaves of which are beautifully
marbled on the upper surface, and lentirely ,red -purple on the
under.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
BOO Camellias from America.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by
AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street,
Covent Garden, W.C, EARLY THIS MONTH, by order of
Messrs. Hovey & Co., of Boston, U.S.A., about 500 plants of
the three Seedling CAMELLIAS— C M. Hovey, C. H.Hovey,
and Mrs. Anna Maria Hovey ; also a few other PLANTS and
BULBS.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Stove and Greenhouse Plants.
MR. J. C. STEVENS is instructed to offer
for SALE by PRIVATE CONTRACT, a quantity of
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising about
240 plants, the majority in tubs and pots, consisting of Camel-
lias, Azaleas, Drac^e^as, Palms, Araucarias, Tree Ferns, &c.,
suitable for large Hotels, Halls, &c.
For Cards to view the above, which are at Birmingham, apply
to Mr. J. C STEVENS, 38, King Street, Covent Garden,
London, ^.C
AND.— WANTED to PURCHASE, or
LEASE, 4 to 6 acres or more of good Lanii, suitable for
a Nursery or Market Garden, facing a main road, and near a
Railway Station, not more than 12 miles from Covent Garden.
If with good house preferred.
Send particulars to R. OWEN, Mill End, Henley-on-Thames.
OR SALE (S.E. London), the LEASE,
GLASS, and STOCK of Small Nursery, with Residence
attached. Stabling (let off), Sheds, ^ acre of Land. Rent of
whole, ^£48. Address
A. G. 566, Messrs. Deacon's, Leadenhall Street, E.C.
TO BE LET or SOLD, the NURSERY
GARDENS, Dwelling House, Greenhouses, Outbuild-
ings, and Premises at Penkhull, Stoke-ou-Trent, now occupied
by Mr. David Ffoulkes, and for many years previously by
Messrs. Burgess & Kent , within easy distance of four markets,
and well situated for the sale of flowers, &c.
Apply to GEORGE H. JONES, Sunnyside, Stoke-on-Trent.
ROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horti-
CULTURAL Market Gardhn and Estate Auctioneers
and Valuers, 8, New Broad Street, E.G., and at Leyton-
stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application.
mTlxTn GTO N~AND~C 6^, English
• and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White
Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants,
43, Commercial Street, E.
O PUBLISHERS^ NURSERYMEN, and
SEEDSMEN.— Will those who are willing to SELL or
EXCHANGE ELECTRO BLOCKS of Flowers or Vegetables,
please communicate, stating terms, with
B. L. , 71, Victoria Road, Stroud Green, London, N.
OTICE, to W. S. SOUIBB, late of 3,
BrunswickRoad, Holloway.— Please COMMUNICATE
to J. P., 15, BRANSCOMBE STREET, LEWISHAM, S,E.
St. George tlie Martyr, Soutliwark.
TREES and TREE GUARDS, &C.
TENDERS are invited for Supplying
TREES and keeping the whole of the Trees in the
Parish in proper Order, and also the TREE GUARDS, for five
years, according to Specification, to be obtained at the Vestry
Clerk's Office, Vestry Hall, Borough Road, S.E. Each Tender
must be accompanied by a Deposit of ^^ in cash, and addressed
to the Vestry Clerk, not later than s o'Clock on TUESDAY
"lS:°mber'6, ,883. ^' ^''^^^'^^ ^^^'"^ ^'"''- '
Gentlemen having Waste or Unprofitable Land
Should apply for
PAMPHLET on NUT TREES,
to
Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S , Calcot Gardens, Reading, Berks.
Christmas Trees in Great Variety.
W JACKSON AND CO., Nurseries, Bedale,
• have a large stock of the above, at reduced prices.
CATALOGUES now ready.
Standard Roses.
HLANE AND SON can supply fine
• Standards and Half-Standards, at 15?. to 185. per dozen.
Catalogue on application.
The Nurseries, Berkhampsted, Herts.
Erica hyemalls. In flower.
UGH LOW AND CO. oiTer the above, in
48-pots, at 75s. per loo ; can be supplied by the looo.
Clapton Nursery, London, E.
Vines— Vines— Vines.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this season, as
usual, a splendid stock of VINES, suitable for Fruiting in Pots
and Planting Vineries, Also a fine stock of Mar^chal Niel,
Gloire de Dijon, and other TEA ROSES.
Descriptive Priced LIST on application.
The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
TRAWBERRIES.— Capital planting roots,
45. per 100 (free by parcels post, 4^. 6rf.) ; plants in pots
for forcing, i6,j. per ico. Descriptive LIST on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
H
To the Trade.
SEED POTATO S.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special offers of their fine selected stocks of SEED
POTATOS, grown under their own superintendence expressly
for seed purposes. Their LIST includes all the varieties worthy
of cultivation, and the prices wilt be iound very reasonable.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
Gold MedaJ Begonias.
LAING'S CHOICE HYBRIDISED SEED,
all new and of unequalled quality. Sealed packets, free
by post — single, is., 2s td. and 5s. ; double, as. dd.^ -^s. td. and
S^. TUBERS, mixed seedlings, by Parcels Post, 4s., 6^., gy.
and upwards per dozen. The Trade supplied.
JOHN LAING AND CO.. Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E.
T AXTON'S EARLIEST OF ALL PEA.
For the First Dish of Peas this is essentially the finest variety
extant. Overwhelming testimonials about its superior qualities,
splendid colour and great productiveness.
Price, per sealed qua^t, 35. ^d. ; per sealed pint, 2s.
To be had of all Seedsmen and
HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C._
LEARANCE SALE of CHRISTMAS
TREES, 3 to 4 feet, at xqs, per ico ; 4 to 5 feet, 155.
per 100, cash with order. All have been three times trans-
planted. Apply early to
R. CRUST AND SON, Nurserymen, Spalding.
OTATOS.— About 30 Tons Veitch's Ash-
leaf Kidney, and about 50 Tons Magnum Eonum,
grown on early land after old lea in Perthshire. — First-class
Seed and pure to varieties- — Apply,
W. S. HUNTER, Seed Merchant, Leith.
pUT LILY of the VALLEY. — The
V- ^ Advertisers are now booking orders for a regular supply
of cut Lily of the Valley, commencing December 15 up to
April. Orders should be sent in early to insure really fine
blooms for Christmas. Price, &c., on application to
TURNER BROS., Florists, Green Hill Nursery, Allerton,
Liverpool.
R U I T TREES (74 acres). —
APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES, PEACHES,
NECTARINES, APRICOTS, &c., as Standards, Dwarfs,
Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety.
VINES, excellent canes, 31. td. to loj. id. ORCHARD
HOUSE TREES in pots, from 5s. FIGS, from 3s. id.
Descriptive LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of
Trees, with directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure,
Pruning, Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under Glass : also infor-
mation as to Synonyms, Qnality, Size, Form, Skin, Colour, Flesh,
Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &c., free by post.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.
To the Trade.
MELON, BREADALBANE (New Hybrid).
— A beautifully netted green-fleshed variety, weighing
from 5 to 7 lb. : is a cross between High Cross Hybrid and
Victory of Bath, possessing the hardy constitution of the former
and the well-known fruitfulness and fine flavour of the latter.
Was awarded ist Prize and First-class Certificate at the Royal
Caledonian Horticultural Society's Show in July last.
Per dozen packets 15^.
EAST LOTHIAN STOCK, Purple \
" " *' \vSte' f P"*=^s 0" application.
„ ,, „ Crimson /
The above Stocks are all saved from pot plants.
IRELAND AND THOMSON, 20A, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.
To the Trade.
HOME GROWN VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS.
HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make
• special ofTsrs of all the varieties of VEGETABLE
and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS they have grown this season
from choice selected stocks. The quality of the seeds is ex-
cellent, and the prices are very low.
Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech.
Ij^RUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES
in all the Best Cropping Varieties.
APPLES, PEARS and CHERRIES, Dwarf-trained, good
trees, 15J. and \%s. per dozen,
PEARS, Pyramid, 40^. and 50J. per 100; good fruiting trees,
75J. and loot, per 100 ; Maidens, 30^. per 100.
APPLES, Pyramid, 401., 505., and 75s. per too.
CHERRIES, Dwarf-trained Motello and May Duke, 15^. and
i8j. per doien.
CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, 8j., 105. and
12J. per 100.
RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, 6j. per 100.
ROSES, Dwarf H.P.'s, our selection, 305. per 100.
CONIFERS, bushy, for pots, window boxes, &c., 9 to 15 in.,
25J. per I03.
POPLARS, Lombardy and Ontario, from 5 to 10 feet, 8j. to
35^. per 100 ; 12 to 16 feet, extra fine, for screens, grown
in single lines, 10,5. per dozen, 1005. per ico.
SHRUBS, Deciduous, i-zs, and 15J. per ico, good plants.
HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, 15J. per 100.
THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts, Standards and Pyra-
mids, SOS. and 75J. per 100.
SPIR./^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, xos.., 15J. and 20J'.
per loo.
AUCUBAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots, &c., 9 to 12 in., i&s.
per ICO ; 12 to 15 inches, 2or. per 100.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham.
FECIAL OFFER, for want of room,
common LAURELS, 3 to 4 feet, 4 to 5 feet, Colchic
LAURELS, 4 feet ; LAURUSTINUS, i to 2 feet ; THUIA
LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet, 4 to 5 feet ; AUCUBA JAPONICA, i to 2
feet, bushy : SHRUBS, for pots, from 6 to 18 inches ; standard
and dwarf ROSES, in all the leading varieties, by the dozen,
100, or 1000,
J, LEWIS, Newto\vn Nursery, Malvern.
EACH and NECTARINE TREES.— A
fine lot of well-grown, dwarf-trained, healthy trees.
Apply to
Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., Calcot Gardens, Reading, Berks.
For Forcing.
ASPARAGUS — ASPARAGUS. — In con-
sequence of ground being sold for building, and must be
cleared, we have to offer several acres of very fine beds, strong
plants, 5f. per 100, or 40s. per 1000. Reference required from
unknown correspondents.
A. HART AND SONS, 152, High Street, Guildford.
December 8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
711
BULBS. — Very long experience enables us to
offer the best tiuality at a moderate price, as provei.1 by
hundreds of testimonials. Illustrated LIST, descriptive, select,
and comprising important novelties, on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Seed Merchants and
Nurserymen, Worcester.
ELLEBORUS NIGER (ChHstmas Rose);
in unapproachable condition, ads. per loao plants ;
weaker plants \%s, per 1000.
CYCLAMEN EUROF/EUS. isj. and 22^. per icoo-for sale
during the whole of the winter.
EDELWEIS, Alpine Flower, very fine, Serf, per lo.oco, 91.
per I coo,
EDELWEIS SEED, genuine sound seed, loj. per lo.ctx).
Flowers and Seed in Stock.
CH. STEINPOCK. Nurseryman, Alhlengbach, Lower Austria.
A Doul9le First-class Certificate has only been
awarded to one Rose in existence — that one Rose, an
ENGLISH SEEDLING, raised at B.iKshot, H.P.
DUCHESS of CONNAUGHT (Noble). Fine healthy
plants, IS. Cd. each.
CHARLES NOBLE,
Bagshot.
A large and Important section of the Nursery (about 7 acres) is
being cleared on expiration of lease. Rhododendron growers
should visit this Nursery, which is only ten minutes' walk from
Suoningdale Station, South-Westem Railway.
Beautiful Flowers for Gardens.
POTENTILLAS, PYRETHRUMS, DEL-
PHINIUMS, lovely hardy flowers for CuuinR or Garden
Bloom. Named, 5;. per dozen.
SPLENDID PHLOXES, Pentstemons, Pinks, Pansies, in the
finest varieties, 3^. 6d. per dozen.
HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, the most showy sorts,
3J. pet dozen, 21J. per 100.
CARNATIONS and PICOTEES. good exhibition sorts, 6s.
per dozen plants. Fine Clove and Border Self varieties,
4f, per dozen — all from layers.
LILIES) candidum. Orange, and Tiger Liliesi 3^. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
Sharpe's Seeds.
CHARLES SHARPE AND C O.,
Seed Growers and Seed Merchants, Sleaford, will
be glad to forward, post-free on application, Special Whole-
sale quotations of their own selected stocks of Garden and Agri-
cultural Seeds. Sleaford.— October, 1883.
Deutzla gracilis.
WILLIAM FLETCHER has many thou-
sands to offer. Fifteen to thirty branches on each
plant. Price on application.
The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
JOHNSTONE'S ST\ MARTIN'S
RHUBARB.
Strong Roots, is. each, 95. per dozen.
We have tried all sorts of Rhubarb, and have found none to
surpass, if even to equal " Johnstone's St. Martin's" — it is the
paragon of excellence for forcing, or for outdoor culture. Trade
Price, and Copy of TRADE NURSERY LIST, may be had on
application.
W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee, N.B.
R GILBERT begs to inform the Public he is
• now prepared to send post-free CHOU DE BURGH-
LEY, at Jj. 6d. per Jf ounce Packet. BURGHLEY PET
MELON, 2J. 6d. per Six Seeds.
R. G. regrets through a printer's error to be made say Chou
dc Burghley is sold in Yz ounce Packets, which should be in
QUARTER-OUNCE PACKETS. See CIRCULAR.
High Park Gardens, Stamford.
SPECIAL OFFER, for Cover Planting, &c.
ASH, BIRCH, BEECH, Spanish CHESTNUT, OAK,
PRIVET, LARCH, Scotch and Spruce FIR, OSIERS and
WITHY ; also a good selection of Ornamental TREES and
SHRUBS, ROSE and FRUIT TREES of all sizes.
CATALOGUES and samples on application.
W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford.
Fruit Trees to Offer.
STANDARD APPLES and PEARS, also
PURPLE and WEEPING BEECH. Price per 100 on
application to
WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey,
Surrey.
O T~ HE T R A ^ e!
CHRISTMAS ROSES, extra fine stuff, well set with
fiower-buds, \is. per 100.
HYACINTHS, White Roman, iij. per 100.
NARCISS, Paper-white, 71. per 100.
„ Pheasanl's-eye, 14J. per 1000.
CROCUS. Yellow, 75, per 1000.
SNOWDROPS, i6j. per 1000.
SCILLA SIBIRICA. 31. 6d. per 100.
GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS. 251. per 1000,
SANDER AND CO., Seed Growers, St. Albans.
.- Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs.
npHE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY
-L COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, have an immense
Stock of the leading kinds of Seedling and Transplanted
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS, &c.— all in healthy condi-
tion and prices moderate. Special of!ers on application.
R U I T T R E E ~s".
Fine healthy stock of
Horizontal and Dwarf-trained APPLES and PEARS,
and
Dwaif-trained APRICOTS, CHERRIES, PLUMS,
PEACHES, and NECTARINES.
Price on application.
D. S. THOMSON, The Nurseries, Wimbledon.
Forest Trees,
WILLIAM FLETCHER has to offer:—
LARCH, twice transplanted, 2 to 4 feet ; HAZEL,
2ta4reet; CHESTNUT^ Spanish, 2t04feet. Prices on appli-
cation. The Nurseries, Ottershaw, Chertsey.
C^ILEARAN CE SALE
J of NURSERY STOCK.
The Proprietor is giving up businesSj and offers his Stock,
consisting of Larch, Scotch and Spruce Fir, Austrian Pine, Oak,
Elm, Ash, Beech, Birch, Thorn Quicks, Conifers of different
ages and sizes. Standard and Dwarf Roses, Fruit Treas, Green-
house Plants, &c., at VERY reduced prices.
Samples and Prices on application at Clonmel Nurseries, Ireland.
F
Special Culture of
FRUIT TREE.S and ROSES.— A large and
select stock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and
Descriptive CATALOOUK nf Fruits, post-free for threepence.
The Descriplivc CA'I'ALOC.UK of Roses post-free.
THOMAS RIVERS and SON, The Nur.series, Sawbndgc-
worth, Herts.
BIES DOUGLASn GLAUCA.— An un-
A
doubted ac<)uisition, having a great variety in habit and
shade of colour. More hardjr than the common Douglasii,
having withstood the severe winter of i83o unscathed. Fine
healthy well-rooted plants, 12 to 18 inches, i2j. per dozen; 18
to 34 inches, i8f. per do?en ; a to 3 feet, 24J. per dozen.
PICEA CONCOLOR, the most ornamental
of the species, superior in habit and colour to lasiocarpn ;
12 to 18 inches, 24^. per dozen.
Price LIST of Conifers on application,
MORRISON n ROT HERS. Aberdeen.
Tea Roses-Tea Roses.
T^HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL
-1- COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, have this year a
splendid stock of Tea and other Roses in pots. Prices and full
particulars on application to
The MANAGER, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool.
ASPARAGUS for Forcing. — Strong crowns,
which will produce a quantity of capital heads, is. per
dozen, 12s. 6J. per 100.
SEAKALE, famous forcing roots, is. 6ii. per dozen, i6s. per 100.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester.
Outdoor Flowers In Spring.
DAISIES, Red, White, Rose, &c. ; POLY-
ANTHUS, Single PRIMSOSES in variety of colours,
WALLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS, gj. per
dozen, 41. and 51. per 100. PANSIES and VIOLAS
(colours separate), ARABIS, ALYSSUM, SILENE
COMPACTA, AUBRIETIAS, MYOSOTIS, tj. 6rf. per
dozen, 8s. per roc. Or 500 assorted Spring-iloweiing Plants
for lys. 6rf. ; icoo for 31J. 6d.
HEPATICAS, Blue and Red, Double PRIMROSES, White,
Lilac, or Sulphur, ^s. 6ii. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldlield Ntirsery, Altrincha m .
H ELLEBORUS NIGER MAXIMUS.—
The large flowered Aberdeen variety, true, IJ. g./. each,
iSi. per dozen. Post-paid or carriage-free for Cash with order.
MORRISON BROTHERS, Aberdeen.
r
3 Olti (iJ«tiibl:£slict).
is
■^oxt&i ^uts,
ORNAMENTAL TREES.
IFniit Zvece, t
Evergreens & Cover Plants. E
,'»\ IRoses, I
And ALLOTHER Trees & Plants t
SPLENDID QUALITY,
Proftoiinced by everyone "UneqnatUd'
Nurseries 200 Acres.
U'rift for Caialoj^ufi.
: gifliitlilcnltoitng. Address in full—
THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,
Cbester.
C
UPRESSU S
LAWSONIANA,
3, 4 and 5 feet high.
ECT
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIKIDIS, 2, 3, 4 to 6 feet high.
RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA, j, 3, 4, 5, 6 to ro feet high.
RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA AUREA, 2, 3, 4 10 5 feet high.
RETINOSPORA LEPTOCLADA, 2 to 1% to 4 feet high.
RETINOSPORA OBTUSA NANA, a neat dark green
variety and very pretty, from \% foot.
RHODODENDRON PONTICUM. 2 to 5 feet, bushes.
RHODODONDRON, named kinds, in great variety,
TEA ROSES, in pots, several sizes to ofi*er.
For Prices and other Stock, see CATALOGUES, post-free
on application to
F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Golden Farmer,
Farnborough Station, Surrey.
To Florists.— For Forcing this next Winter.
LILACS (Syringa) Charles X., Saug^, and
ALBA VIRGINALIS.— Nice round plants cultivated in
pots, plants from i foot to inches to 2 feet 10 inches, with
six, ten, and fifteen branches, well set with flowers, price
^6, .^8, and jfiio per too.
STAPHYLEA COLCHICA.— Plants cultivated in pots, {,(,
per roo.
PRUNUS SINENSIS FLORE-PLENO. — Cultivated in
pots, ;^6 per 100.
ROSES, Niphetos, Mar&hal Niel, and other Teas, for
Forcing. — Cultivated in pots, {t\ per roo.
ROSES, Special Varieties, for Forcing. — Low-budded, fine
plants, ;£20 to .£24 per rooo.
SPIR^A PALM ATA.— Good clumps, ;£to to ^12 per 1000.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS.— Good young plants, si.t to twelve
branches, i,\o to jCt2 per rooo.
Direct Orders to
L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chateney (Seine), prt^s Paris,
France.
EW CHRYSANTHEMUM,
•• G. STEVENS,"
First-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society, South
Kensington, November 13. 1883. A charming reflexed variety,
compact blooms, flat florets, crimson-chocolate, slightly in-
curved in centre, showing the gold under-surface ; quite distinct
from any other variety. A limited quantity to send out in
March next, at u. each, post-free is. yi. Cash with order.
See report in Jour-nal of Horticulture of November 15. Orders
now being booked, which will be sent out in strict rotation.
Chrysanthemum CATALOGUES on application.
G. STEVENS. F.R.H.S., St. John's Nursery, Putney, S.W.
A Gay Conservatory.
T)RIMULAS. CINERARIAS, 4^-. and 6j-. per
-•- dozen, according to size.
HERBACEOUS CALCEOLARIAS, xs. M. per dozen, from
stores.
CYCLAMEN, IIOUVARDIAS, TREE CARNATIONS,
DEUTZIA GRACILIS, in pots for early bloominB, fij.,
QS., and I2J. per dozen. Three at same rates.
Fine clumps SPIK/KA JAl'ONICA, DIELYTRA SPECTA-
BILIS, 5i. per do/cn.
AZALEAS, Ghent, mollis, Pontica, or indica, all with buds, for
Forcing, i8.r., 24J., and 30J. per dozen.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham,
Kent, The Garden of England.
300.000 FRUIT TREES in 600 varieties.
GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.
beg to intimate that their stock was never finer, and
intending purchasers are invited to come, and see for them-
selves. The New Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE of
Fruits for 3 stamps. Reference LIST free.
The Kent Roses do Live.
Extra well-rooted stuff, very good, very cheap.
Descriptive Rose CATALOGUE Free.
The Old Nurseries, Maidstone.— Established 1796.
HERBACEOUS, ALPINE, and ROCK
PLANTS.
Collections of iQo choice varieties . . 30^.
1. 50 ti „ .. 17J. ^d.
1, 25 ,, „ .. loj. dd.
Packing free and extra plants sent to compensate for carriage,
\<. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston,
Pirminghara.
ROSES (20 acres). — Well-rooted, many
shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and
of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, Zs, per
dozen, 605. per 100 ; packing and carriage free for cash witli
order. Standards, 15^. per dozen, or 100 free for 120J. These
world-famed Roses cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction.
Descriptive LIST free on application.
RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed
Merchants, Worcester.
ASPARAGUS.— A large Stock for Forcing
and Planting.— Extra strong 3-yr. Giant ; do. do. 3-yr.
Connovers' Colossal, from imported seed ; 2-yr. do. do. do. No
charge for packing. Samples and price on application.
E. QUINCEY (late Christmas Quincey), Fulney. Spalding.
DWARF ROSES, splendidly rooted, the
best sorts, 6j. per dozen, from ground ; fifty for ■2\s.
TEA ROSES, in pots, 15^, per dozen, fifty for sof.
FINE CLIMBING PLANTS, Hardy, for Walls, Trellises,
Arbours, Rockeries, &c., in twelve varieties. 6j. and qs.
FINE HARDY HEATHS and othar Dwarf American Plants,
in variety, 4^. and f^s. per dozen.
PRETTY DWARF SHRUBS of various kinds, for Pots,
Boxes, Winter Bedding, &c., in variety, ^s. and 6.J. per doz.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham.
HE NURSERIES, DUMFRIES.
(Established 17S7.)
Our Stock, which is one of the largest in Scotland, com-
prises FOREST, FRUIT, and ORNAMENTAL TREES.
DECIDUOUS and EVERGREEN SHRUBS, ROSES,
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c. ; also a splendid Stock of
THORN QUICKS, for Hedging and for Filhng up Gaps.
The Trees and Shrubs are of all ages and sizes, and are well
adapted for extensive Planting or giving immediate effect in
the formation and improving of Ornamental Parks, Pleasure
Grounds, &c. Prices on application,
THOMAS KENNEDY and CO., Seed and Nursery
Establishment, Dumfries.
A NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries, at Angers,
■^^^ France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collec-
tions of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS,
CAMELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT
TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight
from Angers to London, vi,t Honfleur, about 25. dd. per 100 lb.
Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1878.
Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL,
90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C.
M^ YATT'S KIDNEYPOTATOS for SEED,
in lots from i ton to too tons. Prices post-free.
H. F. SMITH AND SONS, Potato Merchants, Selby, Yorks.
Q U I LE G I A GLANDULOSA
(GRIGOR'S, guaranteed true).
Twelve Plants of this beautiful Columbine, to bloom next
season, free to any part of the United Kingdom, at t>s. per
dozen. Cash with order.
JOHN GRIGOR and CO., The Nurseries. Forres, N.B.
SEEDLING POTATO, ''EDGCOTE
PURPLE KIDNEY."— The most noticeable of the
season, which gained a First Prize, also a First-class Certificate
in Its class at the International Potato Exhibition. Will be sent
out at \s. per lb.. 25^. per 28 lb., 455. per 56 lb., cash with order.
E. S. WILES, Edgcote Park, Banbury, Oxon.
R E E S and SHRUBS.
100,000 Hardy HEATHS, nice plants, suitable for
planting on banks and mounds. Can be supplied in 20
or 30 varieties, at »,s. per dozen, i^s. per 100, or ;^io
per 1000.
LARCH, 2 to 3 feet, 2r,r. per 1000 ; ^% to 3?^ feet, 23,5. per
1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 35J. per 1000 ; 35^ to ^% feet, 30*.
per 1000.
FIR, Scotch, I to 1 5^ foot, \%s. per 1000; ij^ to 2 feet, 27^.
per icoo.
CEDRUS DEODARA, 2 to 2^ feet, lar. per dozen, 90^. per
100 ; aj^ to 3 feet, 2^^. per dozen, i6ar. per 103 : 3 to
4 feet, 30.T. per dozen, 2305. per 100 ; zV^ to 4?^ feet,
^6f. per dozen, 2755 per 100— beautiful plants, having
been recently transplanted,
RHODODENDRONS. Hybrids, y to 15 inches, 275. per 100,
or 250J. per icoo ; 12 to iS inches, yzs. per 100, or 300*.
per 1000 ; is to 20 inches, 42,1. per 100 ; ij^ to 2 feet,
50 j'. per 100.
CATALOGUES, containing other Evergreens and Flowering
Shrubs, may be had on application to
JAMES SMITH and SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near
Matlock.
T ARCH.-
-Fine, healthy, twice transplanted
Plants, from native seed :-^
18 to 24 inches at 155. per laoo.
2 to 3 feet at 20s. per 1000.
MORRISON BROTHERS, Aberdeen.
712
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December 8, 1883.
ANTH ON Y WATE R ER
Invites attention to the following LIST of
well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY
STOCK :—
HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5. 6. 7, 8 to .
,, laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet high. |
„ Hodgins', 3, 4, 5 to 8 feet. I
,, myrlifolia. ditto. l.™««„ ,t,«„^«„,k.
.. Saw-leaved, ditto. f ™^"y thousand..
„ Scottica, 3 to 8 feet.
„ Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others. ]
„ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 ft.
„ Waterer's, splendid plants, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet
in circumference.
„ Golden Queen, 5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of
beautiful specimens.
, Perry s Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful
heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds.
„ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful
plants.
BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 7 feet, many
thousands.
YEWS, Common, 3, 4. 5, 6, to 10 feet, thousands.
,, Golden, of all sizes up to ro feet. We have many
thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point
of variety and size unequalled.
CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5, 6, to 8 feet,
thousands.
,, Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful
specimens.
THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds.
RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7, 8. to
10 feet. The plants are covered with buds.
AZALEAS, Hardy, the tiuest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and
5 feet high, thousands.
JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8. and 10 feet high.
PICEA PINSAPO. 6 to 8 feeL
„ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, and 8 feet.
Knap Hill Nursery, Woking; Station, Surrey.
^ THE OLD ESTABLISHED
NURSERY^ SEED&IMPLEMENT BUSINESS
QUALITY VARIETY & EXTENr^*>
ArjFOREST ' FRVIT
4< U ALL OTHER
VyTREES & PLANTS,
11 ^^=!'
s/%
!Lyit^C^^^R05t5^tS«'^
PRICED CATALOGUE POST FREE
JamesDickson&sons
"NEWTON' NURSERIES
— CHESTER
THE
LARGEST ROSE GROUNDS
IN ENGLAND.
CRANSTON'S NURSERIES.
(Established 1785.)
SPECIALITIES :-
ROSES,
including the leading varieties of Standard
and Dwarf Hybrid Perpetuals, Tea-scented,
Noisettes, &c.
FRUIT TREES,
Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries, Peaches, Nec-
tarines, Apricots, &c.j grown in every, variety of
form.
FOREST TREES,
comprising hundreds of thousands of Larch,
Scotch, Spruce, Ash, Thorns, &c., of various sizes.
CONIFER/€, in great variety.
STANDARD and OBNAMENTAL TREES,
FLOWERING SHRUBS, &c.
CATALOGUES FREE ON APPLICATION.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO.
(LIMITED),
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.
CRANSTON'S
NURSERY & SEED COMPANY
Have many thousands of well-grown
and good rooted
LARCH, SCOTCH, and HAWTHORN
QUICK,
OF VARIOUS SIZES.
SAMPLES a«d PRICES on APPLICA TION.
CRANSTON'S NURSERY dt SEED CO.
(LIMITED).
KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD.
SPECIAL LOW OFFER
Of STANDARD and DWARF ROSES in all the leading
varieties, also TEAS, MOSSES, and other varieties ; EVER-
GREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, CLIMBING
PLANTS in best sorts, &c.
LIST with Prices on application.
THOMAS 8. WARE,
HALE FARM NURSERIES. TOTTENHAM, LONDON.
VIOLET, COUNT BRAZZI'S WHITE
NEAPOLITAN.
Magnificent variety. Flowers large, double, pure white,
deliciously scented. The fioest of all Double White Violets.
Splendid for bouquets. Awarded a First-class Certificate by
the Royal Horticultural Society on November 13.
Good strong plants, from pots, 15^. per doz., i.r. 6d, each ; extra
strong, 24J. per doe., 2r. 6d. each. Carriage free.
DANIELS BROS.,
TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH.
Orchids a Speciality.
The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such
magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not easy
to form an adequate conception of its unprece-
dented extent.
HUGH LOW & CO.
very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspec-
tion by all lovers of this interesting and beauti-
ful class of plants, whether purchasers or not.
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.
C O.
LEDSHAM'S "LATEST OF ALL"
BROCCOLI.
Mr. S. Ledsham, the raiser of this unequalled Broccoli,
*' which was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal
Horticultural Society, May 9, 1882 " — see Gardeners' Clironicle
for May 13, p, 645, has succeeded in harvesting this season
a good supply of Seed of the above Broccoli, and is prepared to
make Special Liberal Offers per pound or cwt. , to the Trade.
Also a quantity of BRUSSELS SPROUT SEED of a very
superior strain, which will be sold at a low price. Terms on
application to
S. LEDSHAM, Green Lane, Tarvin Road, Chester.
pHEAP OFFER of FORCING and other
V^ BULES, including Calla ffiihiopica, Spiraeas, Lily of the
Valley, splendid clumps; Dielytra spectabilis, Pancratiums,
Tubejoses ; also the beautiful Ornithogalum gracilis and Milla
biflora. LIST, with prices, on application to
THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham,
London.
ASPBERRY CANES and CURRANT
TREES for SALE.— The celebrated Carter's Prolific
RASPBERRY CANES. Also, Dutch Red and Black Naples
CURRANT TREES.— Apply to
A. AND E. BATH, Colgates Farm, Sevenoaks.
TMANTOPHYLLUMS.
-■- Fresh Seeds, hybridised from the sorts with large flowers :
per dozen, SJ. ; per roo, 30J. ; per 1000, L^\o.
Forwarded free by post to all parts of the world for cash.
ED. PyNAERT, Ghent. Belgium.
To the Trade.
HUGH LOW AND
offer; —
ACACIA ARMATA, well budded, extra fine, 751. and looj.
per rco.
ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, 751. and looi. per 100.
AZALEA INDICA, in variety, finely budded, ^5, £.!>, and
Sit lor. per 100.
BOUVARDIAS, in variety, bushy plants, in bud, ;£s per 100.
CORYPHA AUSTRALIS, fine plants, i^ to £,^ tos. per 100.
DEUTZIA GRACILIS, fine for potting lor forcing, 251. and
3or. per 100.
ERICA GRACILIS, extra strong, isr. and i8j. per dozen.
ERICA COLORANS, in flower and bud, gj. and 11s. per doz.
GARDENIA INTERMEDIA, extra fine, 150J. and laas. per
GENISTAS, fine bushy plants, 66j. ?id. and icoj. per 100. [too.
LATANIA BORBONICA, well shaped sturdy plants, 1501.
SOLANUMS, berried, 50s. and 75J. per 100. [per too.
PRIMULA, Double White Chinese, in flower, ins. and i8f. per
dozen. Clapton Nursery, London, E.
CARRIAGE PAID.— Strong autumn-sown
CAULIFLOWER PLANTS, September sown samples,
60, ij. grf, ; 120, 3i. CABBAGE, KALE, or BORECOLE,
BRUSSELS SPROUTS, ONION, LETTUCE, ENDIVE,
&c., 60, ^d. : rco, iJ. 3rf. HERBS, twenty best varieties,
30, 2^. 6rf. ; 120, 7^. Any quantity supplied. Write for special
quotations for large quantities, on rail, or carriage paid. LIST
free.
EDWARD LEIGH, Wrotham Farm, Dunsfold, Godalming.
Dahlia Tubers.
THOMAS S. WARE has pleasure in
announcing that his new offer of above is now ready, and
miy be had, post-free, upon application. It includes all the
Splcitdid Varieties which constitute his Premier Collection of
Si?isles. The leading S/unu, Fancy, and Pompojt varieties.
The Cactus varieties, including Juarczi, the beautiful scarlet
form, and many others, the whole of which are fully described
in offer referred to.
Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London.
TO THE TRADE. — TROP^OLUM
SPECIOSQM. established in pots, 175. dd. per 100.
—Offered by WILLIAM BAXTER, Nurseryman. Inverness.
THURSDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 6541.)
CYPRIPEDIUM SP-BORNEO.
0D0NT0CL0S8UM PESCATOREI— specially Grand Lot.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT,
December 13, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. HUGH LOW & Co., a
marvellously fine lot, both as to size and condition, of ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI,
amongst them masses of altogether exceptional size and quality. They were collected in a new
locality, and there is an excellent prospect of fine and distinct varieties being amongst them. One
plant will be offered which was seen in flower by Collector, producing flowers profusely marked
with beautifully bright, plum-coloured spots, reminding one of the finely marked varieties of which
so much has been heard lately.
At the same time will be offered fine plants of an entirely distinct looking CYPRIPEDIUM,
found by Mr. Boxall in Borneo, the leaves of which are beautifully marbled on the upper surface
and entirely red-purple on the under.
On view viornmg of Sale, and Catalogues had.
AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET COVENT GARDEN,
LONDON, W.C.
Dei-EMBER S, 1883.)
TUP. GARDENRRS' C HRONICLE.
713
THE PERFECTION OF CUCUMBERS.
OT»I
'S
EF-I-€-yK-E*I4
CUCUMBERS ALL THE YEAR ROUND.
This variety is large, handsome in form, of a lovely colour, and of
exquisite flavour. It is marvellously productive, as many as 400 fruit
having been cut from 12 plants in a 3-light pit.
For succession it is unequalled, bearing as abundantly at Christmas \ Catalogues free by Post, on application to
as at Midsiimmer. j
Price, 2s. 6d. per Packet.
TO TH E TRAD E.
Dwarf-trained and Maiden Fruit Trees and Roses, of
fine quality, grown on fresh land at Busli HUI.
ArKlCOTS, trnincd, 36J. per do/cn.
( ■IIf!lRRlI''-S, in varictj', trained, except May Duke and
Morello, 2rT. .and 24J. per dozen.
I'lCAClIl!SnndNliCrARINl'..S, iraitied,/,!^ 101. p. 10c.
PEACHES, Dwarf Maiden, £3 151. per 100.
PI.UMS, trained, £■; 10s., /8 151., and /'lo per 103.
I'LUMS, Dwarf Maiden, £2 10*. per 100. ! lor,
RO.SES, .Standard and II.df-standard, £^ los. to /, ( per
HUGH L0¥lt CO.,
CLAPTON NUR.SERY, LONDON, E.
FRUIT TREES,
ORNAMENTAL TREBS and SHRUBS,
FOREST TREES,
J? OSes, RJiododendrons, Climbers, &c.
Large and Healthy Stock, in Prime
Condition for Removal.
CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD.
CHEAL & SONS,
Lowfield Nurseries,
CRAWLEY, SUSSEX.
NEW PEA,
ABUNDANCE."
We have much pleasure in introducing to your notice Messrs. Bliss & Son's, of New York, NEW PEA,
which bids fair to rival in popularity the "AMERICAN WONDER " introduced by the same firm. They
thought so highly of this Pea, that they paid at the rate of /200, or 1000 dols., per bushel for the Stock Seed.
Height, 1510 iS inches; large
dark green foliage. Pods 33 in.
long, containing six to eight
large Peas of excellent quality.
Second early, ripening one week
after the earliest kinds. The
most striking feature is its re-
markable tendency for branch-
ing directly from the roots, form- ^;.
ing a veritable bush. Many
plants throw out six and more
branches, each of which becomes
literally covered with blossoms
A.
r.
?^^flfr7">,&5'C'
a
and pods in such abundance k '
that the quantity produced by
each would be considered a y ^
botintiful yield for an entire .. ^ j
plant of many of the older ' ** . . ^
varieties
it should not
6 inches apart
quirmg o/i/y
usually sown 10 pvoaucc iiic -i \<_ ./ sjBf'^t^
same result. 7#^'' V\\V^J:
HALF-PINTS, SEALED, Bi(SS's\| Sa^'
2s. 6d. each. '^Sl/NDANCE^f E^
m:
l«l
"^•S^-T.;
<^i-S\ '^ /fBOM A PhqtoghaeU J
/ This sketch may appear ex-
"^i * /I
' ^ ' f-s?^ aggerated, but Messrs. Bliss
have forwarded us a sample
\ ine, which, although damaged
in transit, even now shows 67
pods, and they assure us that
some have borne over 100. Tl.e
\ ine will be on exhibition at
the stand of Messrs. Hall & Son,
of Westbury (No. 77, Main
Galleries), at the Cattle Show,
Islington, from Dec. 10 to 14.
HOWCROFT & WATKINS, Sole Agents, 14, Tavistock Row, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
SHARPE'S GIANT MARROW.-drawn to scale.
The Editor of the "JOURNAL of HORTICULTURE, " in the Number for July 20, 1882, says:—
"Mr. MuiR has sent us a sample of GIANT MARROW PEA which he regards as the finest variety in cultivation. We
have never seen iiner Peas. The pods are of great size, 7 inches long and i| inch wide, curved, dark green in
colour, and crowded with fine Peas. Mr. Muir states it is a great cropper, and of the first quality when
cooked. It is thus one of the most useful Peas as well as one of the best for exhibition purposes."
1 Pint Packets, 23. 6d. eacli. 'A Pint Packets, Is. 6d. each.
TRADE PRICE mid GENERAL CATALOGUE of SPECIALITIES POST FREE.
CHA.IILES SHARPE & CO., Seed Merchants, SLEA.FORD.
714
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December 8, 1883.
LILIES OF THE VALLEY.
A Speciality.
TJANNOCH, the Lily Nursery, Dersingham,
• Norfolk, begs to inform his Customers and the Trade
generally that arrangements are now being made for a regular
supply of the above from now till June. They can either be
sent as Cut Blooms, or with their Roots for makmg up pots, &c.
Prices on application. 7C00 Blooms can be cut weekly.
HERBACEOUS and ALPINE
PLANTS,
CATALOGUE, of fifty pages, containing full
information as to colour, height, situation, time
of flowering, &c., free on application.
A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks,
Stumps, and Borders, from 25^. per 100, or 4^'.
per dozen.
Most of the plants being in pots may be
despatched at any time, or by Parcels Post
when fit.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
NURSERYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
WORCESTER.
NEW EARLY RHUBARB,
Charles Kershaw's ** Paragon."
This is unqueslionabiy the linest variety of Rhubarb ever
offered ; in mild seasons it is ready to pull in February. The
crowns and stalks are produced in such profusion that more
than twice the weight can be pulled from this than from any
other sort. The colour is a splendid red. flavour excellent, and
it has this qualification over all others, it never seeds.
PRICE— per Plant, Is. 6d. ; per Dozen, 16s.
PrTce to the Trade on applicition.
For Testimonials and all other information, see back page
of Gardeners Chronicle for October 13. May be had of
all the principal Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, or direct from
CH&BLE5 KERSHAW,
THE SLEAO SYKE NURSERIES.
BRIGHOUSE.
PAMPAS PLUMES
AND TUBEROSE BULBS.
JC VAUGHAN, Chicago, U.S.A., makes
• a speciality of the above items,
IN LARGE QUANTITIES AND BEST QUALITIES.
Correspondence solicited.
THE RUIN OF NURSERYMEN
May be ttnderstood when circumstances lead to
such Prices as the following : —
STANDARD RHODODENDRONS worth s, 4, 3, and 2
guineas, are being sold at 215., 15J , 10s. 6ii. and 5i.
BUSH RHODODENDRONS, 7. 6, 5. 4, 3 and 2 guineas, sold
at from 75. 6d. to is.
ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA, and other kinds, 31. 6,f.
to IS.
SPIR^'EA PALMATA, fine forcing dumps.
SPIR^A JAPONICA, fine forcing clumps.
The largest stock in Europe.
HODGINS' and other HOLLIES, perfect specimens, 7, 6, 5,
4, 3 and 2 feet, from 15s., tos. td.^ to is.
AVENUE TREES, perfect specimens, 12 to is feet, at ^s.,
3J. &d. and 2S. dd.
COLLECTION of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting,
25J. to 75^. per 100.
E.-ilra large FRUITING TREES of APPLES, PEARS,
CHERRIES. &c., frcm 31. M. to 11.
Other Trees, Shrubs, ike, not enumerated in this Advertisement,
will be supplied on the same liberal terms.
CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot.
HELLEBORUS NIGER ANGUSTIFOLIUS
(BROCKHURST VARIETY).
See "Gardeners' Chronicle," Nov. 10,
page 591.
Flowering Plants and Clumps of this splen-
did variety, the finest of the Hellebores and
the true Christmas Rose, is. 6d., 2s., and
2s. 6d, each, for forcing and planting.
WM. CLIBRAN & SON,
OLDFIELD NURSERY, ALTRINCHAM, CHESHIRE.
ROSES IN POTS,
All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from i8.r. to 36J. per dozen.
These World-famed KOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.
fiESC/HPT/VE LISTS on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
WORCESTER.
HURST & SON'S NOVELTIES for 1884.
PEA-DUKE OF ALBANY (Abbott's),
This splendid new Pea has proved to be the finest yet introduced, either for exhibition or for table, and
unequalled as a main crop wrinkled variety. It is very productive, bearing a profusion of extra large, well-filled pods,
borne in pairs, which, being dark green in colour, are very handsome, and contain from nine to twelve fine Peas each.
The flavour and quality are also excellent. It grows about 5 feet high, is of a vigorous and branching habit, and
should, therefore, be sown thinly. i^ Sealed Half-pint Packets, 23. eacli.
WILTSHIRE GIANT SCARLET RUNNER.
A vigorous grower and heavy cropper. The pods are of a large size, very fleshy, deep green in colour, and of
excellent quality. The best variety for e-xhibition.
Per Quart, 2s. 6d ; Per Pint, la. 6d.
SWEET PEA-PRINCESS BEATRICE.
Awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society as
New Carmine Rose, August 14, 1883.
Since the introduction of the Invincible Scarlet nothing has been offered as a novelty in Sweet Peas equal in
merit to this charming variety. The colour of the flower is a rich and beautiful carmine-rose, shghtly shaded with
hghter and darker tints, entirely distinct from any other kind. They are of remarkable substance, similar in this
respect to Violet Queen, but the plant has a much more robust and tree-blooming habit than the latter. It is
perfectly constant, and the perfume is remarkably sweet, more so than in any other sort.
It \vill undoubtedly become one of the leading varieties of this useful and popular annual, and can be recom-
mended as one of the very best of hardy flowers for cutting purposes.
Per Packet, is. 6d.
MYOSOTIS SYLVATICA COMPACTA AUREA.
The merit of the Old CUveden Blue Forget-me-Not, particularly as a spring bedding plant, is so universally
recognised, that this new golden-leaved variety cannot fail to become a popular favourite. It is similar in habit and
colour of foliage to the Golden Pyrethrum ; the flowers are of the same clear bright blue as its prototype, and their
contrast to the golden-yellow of the foliage is one of its chief merits. As its name implies, it is of peculiarly dwarf
compact habit, and as a spring bedder it is destined to occupy a most conspicuous place.
Per Packet, Is. 6d.
TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION.
PRICE
HURST & SON, 152, Honndsditch, LONDON, E.
NEW POTATOS ALL THE YEAR ROIM
NEW POTATOS FOR CHRISTMAS
May be had without difficulty by planting now,
in pots or frames,
THE
EARLIEST OF all POTATOS,
" SHARPS' S VICTOR."
Sharpe's Victor is a seedling raised from the Alma Kidney and
the old early short-top round Potato. It is earlier than any present
variety, and having a very short top is especially suitable for
frame cultivation, and there is no difficulty in secUTlUg new
Potatos for the Table every day In tlie year. Victor
■- a flattened roundish oval in shape, with a beautiful clear skin
d extremely shallow eyes, being one of the handsomest as
;1I as the heaviest croppers of any variety adapted for frame-
jrk, or for a first early crop outdoors. It is dry and mealy
len cooked, and the flavour and quality of the flesh are superior
to nearly every other variety at present in use.
Messrs. J. & J. Elletson imHte as follows, Sept. 26,
1883 :— " Mr. Usher, Gardener to C. H. Johnson, Esq.,
Thorgumbald Hall, planted Victor Potatos on January 26, and
placed a dish on his employer's table on March 8, from planting
to liftbg being only SIX WEEKS."
Price, Is, per Pound.
CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD.
DAFFODILS.-DAFFODILLIES,-DAFFODOWNOILLIES.
DESCRIPTIVE LIST FREE ON APPLICATION
Of more than 200 varieties of DAFFODILS, most of which are new, and many of them have be.en
figured at various times in the Garden.
Selections for Flower Borders or to Naturalise in Grass, &c., 2s. 6d., y. 6d., Jj. 6d., ys. 6d., 10s. 6d.,
15^-., 2is., 42^., 63J., 84J. and 105^.
Fine Mixed Varieties, for Wild Gardens, 42^-. per 1000, 5^-. dd. per loo, is. per dozen.
Choice Mixed Varieties, for Wild Gardens, 63^-. per 1000, ys. dd. per 100, is. 6d. per dozen.
IRIS BARBATA, for Naturalisation and surrounding Lakes and Ponds.
PLANTAIN LILIES, to Naturalise in Grass and to Grow in Shady Places.
WOOD HYACINTHS, for Wild Garden and Shady Walks.
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, WINTER ACONITES, SCILLAS, MUSCARI,
DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLETS, HEPATICAS, ANEMONES, GLADIOLUS, LILIES,
CHRISTMAS ROSES, LENTEN ROSES, &c.
The Catalogue, free on application, gives full particttlars as to price, culture, Sf-c.
BARR & SON, 12, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C.
December 8, 1883.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
715
SPECIAL NOTICE.
THE
Gardeners' Chronicle
Saturday, January 5, 1884,
WILL CONTAIN A BEAUTiFULLV
COLOURED ALMANAC
(18 Incbes T)y 13 Incbes),
FROM AN ORIGINAL DESIGN BY FITCH.
PRICE:-F1VEPENCE
POST-FREE, FIVEPENCE-HALFPENNY;
OR WITH
Almanac Mounted on Oak Rollers,
Ready to be huug up, and enclosed in Case,
SEVENFENCE ;
POST-FREE, EIGHTPENOE-HALFPENNY.
Purchasers are specially recommended to order
the Almanac in a Case,
To Prevent Injury from Folding.
The Pabllsher cannot be responsible for Injury to
the Almanac unless it Is so protected.
^ NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.
As a LARGE EXTRA SALE of this
Number is guaranteed^ it will be a very valu-
able inediiiin for Advertisements.
Application for Space should be sent in as
early as possible.
W. EICHABDS,
41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. J
I
TO THE TRADE.
SEASON 1884.
DICKSON, BROWN & TAIT,
SEED MERCHANTS,
43 and 45, Corporation Street, Manchester,
01-"l'F,li TUB IQLLOWJNU
NEW and SELECT
VEGETABLE SEEDS, &c.
DICKSON, BROWN & TAIT'S
" KING OF TOMATOS."
DICKSON, BROWN & TAIPS
" atlEBN OF TOMATOS."
DICKSON, BROWN & TAIT'S
' ' ECLIPSE ' ' C AULIFIiO WEB,
DICKSON, BROWN & TAIT'S
"BEST OF ALL" MELONS.
DICKSON, BROWN & TAIT'S
" NE PLUS ULTRA" MELON.
DICKSON, BROWN & TAIT'S
"QIANT" CABBAGE LETTUCE.
DICKSON, BROWN & TAIT'S
"ALL THE YEAR ROUND"
CABBAGE LETTUCE.
SUTTONS' VICTORY OF MANCHESTER
CUCUMBER.
DICKSON'S EXQUISITE MELON.
CONftUEROR OF EUROPE MELON.
For full descriptions of the above Select
Vegetables see our TRADE OFFER, free on
application.
DICKSON, BROWN & TAIT,
SEED MERCHANTS,
MANCHESTER.
THE
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1883.
A VISIT TO SELHORNE.
THE name Selborne, which has been
variously spelt — with and without an " e "
at the end, with and without a " u " — Selburn,
Selbourii, and Selebourne— is of Saxon deriva-
tion— Sel signifying great, and burn a brook or
rivulet. The Sa.xons had a church and a village
here, and a perennial spring, which attracted
them, breaks out in a field on the slope of the
chalk promontory, Nore Hill, at the south-east
end of the village. Nore Hill sends forth two
streams to the sea— one to the Arun, into the
Channel, below Arundel, the other to the Wey
and the Thames, by Godalming, Guildford, and
Weybridge. This latter spring never fails.
On September 14, 1781, after a hot summer and
a preceding dry spring and winter, it produced
9 gallons of water a minute, or 216 hogsheads
in one day of twenty-four hours.
There are some interesting names in the
neighbourhood : Worldham, an adjoining parish
— spelt Werildiham in Domesday Book — is
derived by Professor Bell from Wer-ylde-ham,
"the old man's village." The blessing of long
life is secured to the neighbourhood by pure
water, pure air, a well drained soil. White him-
self, speaking of the habits and employments of
the population, which numbered 670 in his day,
says : — "We abound with poor, many of them
are sober and industrious, and live comfortably
in good stone or brick cottages, which are
glazed, and have chambers above stairs ; mud
buildings we have none. Besides the employ-
ment from husbandry the men work in Hop
gardens, of which we have many ; and fell and
bark timber. In the spring and summer the
women weed the corn, and enjoy a second
harvest in September by Hop picking. The
inhabitants enjoy a good share of health and
longevity, and the parish swarms with chil-
dren." This picture of the last century might
have been drawn yesterday, the prosperity of
Selborne being apparently as perennial as its
spiing. As to the age of the people, three
persons, two men and a woman, died in Sel-
borne in 1S54-5 at the age of ninety. Pro-
fessor Bell, who resided many years at " The
Wakes," the house in the village street where
Gilbert White lived and died, says that a Mrs.
Gilman died at Selborne in 1S60 in her
hundredth year. At the age of ninety-eight
she was missed at church one afternoon, and
accordingly Mr. Bell called at her cottage. He
found that she and her daughter, aged seventy,
had been to church at Newton Valence, more
than a mile distant, having climbed Selborne
Hill, 300 feet high, and they had then gone
half a mile further to dine with the old lady's
brother. "Coming home," said the daughter,
" I assure you she outran me across the com-
mon." The present population of the parish is
HOC, the average number of deaths is twelve
per annum, and recently there were eight per-
sons living here whose average age was eighty-
five and a half years.
In walking through the village street, from
the lower end nearest Alton to that nearest
Blackmoor and the Forest, a few characteristic
changes may be noted since the time of Gilbert
White. You enter the square-towered church ;
7i6
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[December 8, 1883.
it has been restored and much enlarged. The
Plestor in the west side of the churchyard is
unaltered, being still as it was in old times and
even before the Conquest — a play-place which
old and young have for a thousand years fre-
quented on summer evenings ; the church stand-
ing hard by, and houses on either side. The
"vast Oak" mentioned by White, with short,
squat body, surrounded by stone steps with
seats above, and huge horizontal limbs reaching
almost across the Plestor, was blown down in
1703, to the "infinite regret of the inhabitants
and the vicar." A Sycamore replaces it. The
house of the two naturalists — Gilbert White and
Thomas Bell— is a little further up the street.
Its character has been preserved. There
is still the Ivy, the roadside fence, and the lawn
and garden in the rear, where White kept his
tortoise, and Bell rejoiced in his toads — common
toads — Bufo vulgaris, and natterjacks, B. cala-
mita, the former with its strong resonant voice
and fondness for southern walls and dry, sunny
situations being by far the most numerous.
Further on a cottage, converted into a coffee-
room for labourers, is a modern innovation, and
at the end of the village you will find the
spring-head, and you may hear the story of its
new wall and spout. Some years since a lad
named Mills was employed at a farm on the road-
side opposite the spring. He left Selborne, as
thousands of village lads have done in recent
times, to seek and to find better fortune elsewhere,
and he returned a short time since ; and, for the
sake of being remembered, as he said, he
fenced the road with a substantial wall, and
carried the water through a spout, adding his
escutcheon to the work in the shape of two
mills cast in iron. Few persons are aware
probably how many such stories might be
collected in the rural districts.
The traveller passing through Selborne with
a knapsack, as hundreds do every year, will be
chiefly struck with the physical aspect of the
neighbourhood. Gilbert White says : — "The
soils of this district are almost as various and
diversified as the views and aspects." Hence
the variety of the timber, the noble Oaks, the
stately Elms, the dainty-looking Beech trees
with smooth bark and glossy foliage, and the
evergreen Firs of the forest. The hanger, or
hanging-wood, on the steep chalk slope rising
above the garden at " The Wakes," is covered
with Beech, a zig-zag path running through it.
On the very brow of the hill where the path
terminates, a boulder is fixed deep in the earth,
and the people in Selborne, with their warm
social affections, visit this spot in small parties,
very frequently in couples, and call the boulder
the " wishing stone." In Bell's edition of the